Strategic Perspectives, No. 4
Joint Force Quarterly 50 (3d Quarter, 2008), 60. 138 Ibid., 56. 139 GEN Boykin made this point in our interview and elsewhere: ‘We’re trying to operationalize intelligence . . . to achieve the kind of synergy where our analysts are driving our collections. We caught Saddam Hussein because we had analysts putting a puzzle together where they were literally turning to operators across the room and saying, ‘Here’s what I need you to get.’ The operator would then get the imagery or capture an individual and interrogate him and then feed that information directly back to the analysts, who would put that into the puzzle and say: ‘OK, the next thing I need is the following.’” Smith, 261. 140 Hillard. 141 Sean Naylor, “SpecOps Unit Nearly Nabs Zarqawi,” Army Times, April 26, 2006; Mark Bowden, “The Ploy: How the U.S. Military Cracked Al-Zarqawi’s Inner Circle,” The Atlantic Monthly, May 2007, 54; Michael Smith, Hala Jaber, and Sarah Baxter, “How Iraq’s Ghost of Death Was Cornered,” The London Times, June 11, 2006. 142 Senior Special Forces officer interview. 143 Robinson, Tell Me How this Ends, 164. 144 GEN Raymond Odierno, in “A Comprehensive Approach: Iraq Case Study,” slide 7d. 145 Robinson, Tell Me How this Ends, 272. 146 The Commander, U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM), has testified to the efficacy of direct action missions providing a time and space for counterinsurgency operations to be successful. See ADM Eric T. Olson, Statement to the Senate Armed Services Committee regarding the Afghanistan-Pakistan Strategic Review, April 1, 2009. 147 Based on discussions with JCOA staff and review of documents, December 8, 2009. 148 Central Intelligence Agency Lessons Learned Program, “Operating an Interagency Task Force: The Experience of the CIA-led Foreign Fighter Task Force,” 2008. 149 JCOA, “A Comprehensive Approach: Iraq Case Study,” slide AN 2c3. 150 Orton. 151 John Mathieu, M. Travis Maynard, Tammy Rapp, and Lucy Gilson, “Team Effectiveness 1997–2007: A Review of Recent Advancements and a Glimpse into the Future,” Journal of Management 34, no. 3 (June 2008), 412–413. 152 Susan E. Jackson, “Team Composition in Organizational Settings: Issues in Managing an Increasingly Diverse Work Force,” in Group Process and Productivity, ed. Stephen Worchel, Wendy Wood, and Jeffrey Simpson (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1992), 138–173. 153 Jon Katzenbach and Douglas Smith, The Wisdom of Teams: Creating the High Performance Organization (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1993), 21. 154 Ibid., 55. 155 Ibid. 156 Doyle interview. 157 Former task force member interview; Hurst interview. 158 U.S. Joint Forces Command, “Cross Functional Fusion Cells: Application of Tactical Fusion Cell Principles at Higher Echelons,” Concept White Paper V 1.5 (January 8, 2008), 3.
66