25003_CoL Street Tree Master Plan v4

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF COUNTRY

In appreciation of the rich history and cultural heritage of our city, we recognise Tasmanian Aboriginal people as custodians of this land.

We honour the resilience of Palawa people of Lutruwita, who have endured the challenges of invasion and dispossession while steadfastly preserving their heritage, identity, culture and rights.

In the spirit of mutual respect and collaboration, it is our sincere belief that working together with the Aboriginal community, who represent the world’s most ancient continuous culture, offers us invaluable opportunities to learn and grow.

Our deepest respects are extended to both past and present Elders, and to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people residing in and around Launceston.

Prepared by : On behalf of

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 What is a Street Tree Master Plan ?

The Launceston Street Tree Master Plan (STMP) is a comprehensive framework that sets out planting principles and recommended species for the entire Launceston Local Government Area (LGA). It will function as both an operational and strategic tool, shaping the long-term amenity, function, and character of the city’s streetscapes. At its core, the plan provides clear guidance on what to plant and where to plant it, ensuring the right tree is placed in the right location.

Council requires a STMP to support strategic, effective, and proactive street tree planting.

As the custodian of the city’s street trees, Council carries significant responsibility for their management and for ensuring their benefits are realised. The document will be an essential reference for a wide range of users including Council officers, urban planners, landscape architects, developers, community groups, and residents, helping to inform decisions around tree selection and management across Launceston.

Street trees are vital green infrastructure that contribute far beyond their visual appeal. They are essential to creating healthier, more liveable cities by moderating urban temperatures, cooling roads

Filtering air and water to improve environmental quality.

Reducing heat through shade and cooling.

Offering habitat and food for native wildlife.

and footpaths, and providing shade that makes walking and cycling more comfortable on hot days. This cooling effect also supports public health by reducing exposure to harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation and lowering future risks of skin cancer.

Beyond these immediate benefits, trees provide a wide range of ‘ecosystem services’ that sustain both people and the environment. These include:

Capturing and managing stormwater to reduce flooding.

Producing oxygen and storing carbon to mitigate climate change.

Enhancing biodiversity and ecological resilience.

1.2 What is a Street Tree Master Plan ?

The STMP provides a framework for the effective short- and longterm management of Councilowned and managed street trees across the LGA.

It establishes a clear direction for the future development, planting, and care of street trees, ensuring

they continue to deliver lasting environmental, social, and cultural benefits.

The principal aim of the STMP is to achieve 40% canopy cover across the Launceston Urban Area by 2040, aligning with the Urban Greening Strategy 2023–

The key objectives for the STMP are:

Supporting sustainable and active transport

By prioritising plantings around central activity centres, education and health facilities, and along walking and cycling routes.

Enhancing traffic calming measures

Through tree planting in medians, blister, and chicanes to improve safety and walkability.

2040. This target brings together functional and environmental criteria to support a more resilient, functional urban forest that delivers lasting value for the community.

Providing safe and well-sited trees

That enhance liveability while respecting the local landscape and environmental conditions.

Expanding the use of locally indigenous species

To improve biodiversity, ecological health, and resilience.

Defining green gateways

To highlight key entrances to the city for both locals and visitors.

Celebrating precinct character

By applying themed planting approaches to strengthen the identity of town centres.

Improving tree selection criteria

To ensure greater species diversity and resilience, with an emphasis on climate-ready trees.

Increasing canopy cover

To deliver shaded, attractive, and comfortable streetscapes.

Establishing consistent planting guidelines

That ensure the ‘right tree for the right location’.

Offering detailed planting specifications

For a range of urban contexts, including tree positioning in relation to roads and infrastructure.

1.3 Why Street Trees Matter

Street trees in Launceston make neighbourhoods cooler, healthier, and more attractive by providing shade, filtering air and water, and supporting local wildlife. They improve the look and feel of our streets, boost the sense of community, and help protect residents from extreme heat and UV exposure, making shaded streets an essential part of a liveable city.

Cool streets & reduce urban heat

Making outdoor spaces more comfortable.

Support wildlife

By providing food, nesting space and habitat for birds and other species.

Provide shade for walking and cycling

Encouraging active and healthy lifestyles.

Improve air quality & store carbon

Helping clean the air and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Enhance neighbourhood character & amenity

Creating greener, more attractive streets.

Reduce stormwater

Impacts helping absorb rainfall and easing pressure on drainage systems.

1.4 Opportunities to Strengthen Launceston’s Urban Forest

While Launceston’s urban environment presents constraints, these challenges also provide clear opportunities to improve how trees are planned, planted, and cared for; ultimately strengthening the city’s urban forest for future generations.

Smarter planting in constrained streets

Limited space, compacted soils and service conflicts make planting difficult, but they also create opportunities to use better design solutions, such as structural soils, root paths and tree pits, to support healthier trees in challenging locations.

Under-utilised planting opportunities

Many central streets have wide footpaths with little shade. These areas offer prime opportunities to introduce canopy, cooling and amenity through integrated tree planting in future upgrades.

Choosing better-suited species

Some existing trees provide little canopy or are poorly matched to their sites. Future planting can focus on species selected for form, function and climate suitability to deliver stronger public benefit.

Coordinating with services early Powerlines, drainage and utilities often limit canopy potential. Early planning and engineered solutions create opportunities to plant larger, more resilient trees while minimising conflicts.

Designing streets that prioritise trees

With many competing demands in the street corridor, trees are sometimes overlooked. Treating them as essential infrastructure ensures they receive the space, soil volume and priority needed to thrive.

Improving tree establishment

Young trees are vulnerable. Effective establishment maintenance including watering, protection and monitoring, significantly improves survival and helps more trees reach maturity.

Boosting nursery quality and supply

Improving stock quality, forecasting and species availability at Council’s nursery is a major opportunity to support consistent, climate-ready planting across the city.

The City of Launceston’s Urban Forest will be resilient, connected and diverse and will contribute to the health and wellbeing of our community and to the creation of a vibrant, liveable and sustainable city.

Figure 1: Artist’s impression of Launceston CBD by 2040

1.5 Strategic Framework

This master plan establishes the principles and themes that will guide the long-term planning, development, and management of the City of Launceston’s street trees. It sits alongside a suite of Council policies and strategies that together aim to increase canopy cover and enhance the resilience, liveability, and identity of the city.

Strategic Plan 2025 - 2035

This ten year plan includes several goals within the “Pillar 2 - People” such as:

• Goal 3.1: Implement access to green and inclusive open spaces for community members enabling them to enjoy nature.

• Objective 3.1(a): Enhance community member’s to leafy public open spaces, prioritising areas with low wellbeing measures.

Urban Greening Strategy 2023–2040

The Urban Greening Strategy sets out the City’s vision for a resilient, connected, and diverse urban forest that contributes to community health and wellbeing while supporting a vibrant, sustainable city. The strategy adopts a wholeof-forest approach that considers not only street trees, but all forms of urban

vegetation, recognising their economic, social, cultural, and environmental values. It emphasises the role of urban greening in conserving biodiversity, maintaining soil and water systems, and mitigating the impacts of heat and climate change.

Key objectives include:

• Achieve 40% canopy cover in the Launceston Urban Area by 2040.

• Ensure species diversity by maintaining no more than 5% of any single species, 10% of any genus, and 20% of any family within the city’s urban forest.

Urban Greening Implementation Plan 2023–2040

The Implementation Plan details how Council will deliver the vision and objectives of the Urban Greening Strategy. It identifies specific greening actions, provides guidance

for Council operations, and ensures that all activities contribute towards the broader goals of building a resilient and sustainable urban forest for Launceston.

Urban Design Guide 2024

The Urban Design Guide sets the strategic framework for how public spaces are delivered and upgraded across Launceston. It establishes shared principles, reference designs and material palettes so projects delivered by different parts of Council can consistently align with city-wide priorities and place-based plans.

City Heart Place Plan 2024 - 2029

The City Heart Place Plan lays out how Launceston’s central area will evolve as a mixed-use precinct, including its open spaces, and links to surrounding neighbourhoods. It is structured around six character areas, each with its own character statement, future directions, key moves and action plan.

SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS & STRATEGIES

Urban Design Guide 2024 (Draft)

City Innovation Strategy

Economic Development Strategy

Cultural Strategy

Public Art Strategy

Residential Strategy

Aboriginal Partnership Plan

Neighbourhood Precinct Plans

OVERARCHING STRATEGIES

GREATER LAUNCESTON PLAN

Department of Infrastructure and Transport 2019 - 2034

STRATEGIC PLAN

City Of Launceston 2025 - 2035

KEY STRATEGIES

Sustainability Strategy

Launceston Transport Strategy 2020-2040

Urban Greening Strategy 2023-2040

Recreation And Open Space Strategy 2024 - 2040

City Heart Place Plan 2024-2029

GUIDING DELIVERABLES / OUTCOMES

Policies and guidelines for urban greening – green roofs and walls, deep soil and tree planting on private space

INFORMING

Urban Greening Implementation Plan 2023 - 2040

Street Tree Master Plan

Figure 2: Launceston’s relationship of documents

1.5 Community Engagement

These insights provide a foundation of lived experience to complement the technical analysis, helping shape a Street Tree Master Plan the community can genuinely feel ownership of. Ensuring the plan is locally responsive requires hearing directly from residents.

Council’s online survey (27 June–21 July 2025) received 317 responses, offering valuable insights into how the community views their streets and street trees. The engagement explored what people value about trees, their priorities for planting and care, and the issues they want addressed in the Street Tree Master Plan.

The community clearly values trees but wants more than just planting, they want appropriate species, planted in suitable locations, and properly maintained over their full life. Residents also demonstrated a nuanced understanding of challenges such as litter, pavement impacts, powerline pruning, and inconsistent maintenance, giving Council confidence to pursue an ambitious yet practical plan.

1.5.1 Community’s voice

From the feedback received, five consistent themes emerged:

Comfort first. People want shade and cooling where it matters most - in the hottest, most exposed streets and in the CBD where summer heat is felt most keenly.

Right tree, right place. Tasmanian natives should anchor local identity, with proven exotics included where they provide canopy, resilience or seasonal character.

Balance variety with character. Diversity should be the norm for resilience, but single-species avenues remain important where heritage or design intent calls for them.

of respondents said that trees are very important to neighbourhood character 83%

Maintenance improvements. Residents want predictable, visible maintenance: formative pruning, follow-up care for young trees, and regular programs to keep trees safe, healthy and attractive.

Design out problems. Tree selection must avoid species known to create conflicts with footpaths, drainage or overhead wires. Smarter planting details and better site species matching will reduce long-term costs and complaints.

1.5.2 Community feedback summary

1.5.3 Suburb-specific insights

Trevallyn

Trevallyn residents value their suburb’s leafy character and see mature street trees as central to its identity. They want better pruning practices, more consistent care, and a proactive approach to replacing ageing trees to maintain the area’s green, heritage feel.

Invermay

Invermay residents emphasised the practical impacts of street trees, particularly blocked gutters and mess from unsuitable species. They want trees that provide shade and benefits without adding to existing drainage and maintenance challenges.

West Launceston

West Launceston residents highlighted the importance of shade on steep, exposed streets. They strongly support planting larger-canopy trees to improve comfort, walkability, and liveability during hot summers.

Newstead

Newstead residents asked for more colour and flowering species to enhance neighbourhood character. While shade remains important, they want visually appealing, diverse plantings that bring vibrancy and identity to local streets.

1.6 Stakeholders Engagement

An internal staff workshop brought together officers from planning, engineering, compliance, parks, and community engagement to inform the STMP. Through a series of facilitated discussions, staff explored planning and policy barriers, infrastructure

constraints, local knowledge, development compliance, and engagement needs.

The workshop blended open brainstorming with focused dialogue, generating a shared understanding of the key challenges

Principles and directions for the master plan

Integration, not addition: Trees should be planned as core urban infrastructure, coordinated with services, roads and capital works from the outset.

Resourcing for delivery: Dedicated funding, proactive maintenance programs, and sufficient staff capacity are prerequisites for success.

Strong governance: Clearer regulatory frameworks, compliance mechanisms and enforcement tools are needed to protect and grow the urban forest.

and opportunities for street tree management. These insights helped shape the guiding principles and priorities for the STMP.

Community partnership: Education and engagement must focus on building understanding of the benefits of street trees and countering misconceptions.

Technical excellence: Adoption of best-practice planting details, species selection principles and WSUD integration will underpin longterm outcomes.

Leadership and accountability: Executive, councillor and interagency support will be critical to moving from strategy to implementation.

2. CURRENT STATE

2.1 Background Historical Overview

Launceston is a lifestyle-driven city, innovative by nature. Home to rolling hills, world class education and a vibrant arts and events culture, it is regarded as one of Australia’s most liveable cities with a growing population of over 71,000 people.

Before European arrival in 1798, the Leterremairrener and Panninhe peoples of the North Midlands Tribe had cared for the Tamar region for over 8,000 years. Their seasonal movements between river, floodplain, and highland environments were guided by the abundance of resources; wetland plants, shellfish, grasslands, and forests. Through practices such as controlled burning and selective harvesting, these communities shaped and sustained the landscape, creating mosaics of woodland and grassland that supported biodiversity and resilience. Trees and vegetation were not just resources but integral to cultural identity and seasonal knowledge.

With European colonisation, Launceston’s landscapes underwent profound change. The extensive wetlands of the Tamar Estuary were drained or

reclaimed for agriculture, port facilities, and urban expansion. Fertile grasslands south of the North Esk River, once maintained by marsupial grazing and fire, were cleared for settlement. Woodlands and forests that had provided both habitat and cultural resources were fragmented, surviving only in scattered rural valleys and conservation remnants.

As the city developed at the confluence of the North and South Esk Rivers, trees took on a new role in shaping urban identity. By the mid-19th century, European settlement introduced formal parks, avenues, and exotic tree plantings in line with Victorian town planning ideals. Green spaces such as City Park (1820s) and Prince’s Square became key civic landscapes, providing recreation and aesthetic order. Street tree planting also emerged as a feature of urban design, with Elms, Oaks, and

Plane Trees framing boulevards and contributing to Launceston’s distinctive streetscapes.

The city’s green infrastructure has continued to evolve alongside its architecture and street network. Some streets, like Kingsway, remain intact representations of early planning eras, while others combine plantings and buildings from multiple decades. The result is a patchwork urban forest: part remnant, part imported, and increasingly recognised for its cultural, social, and ecological value.

Today, Launceston’s trees and green spaces carry the imprint of these intertwined histories, Aboriginal custodianship, colonial transformation, and ongoing urban planning. They remain critical to the city’s identity, linking past and present, and forming the foundation for strategies to restore canopy cover, biodiversity, and cultural recognition into the future.

Figure 3: Elphin Rd, Historic postcard. source: Launceston Library, LPIC147-6-330

Figure 4: St John St, Photo ca. 1885. source: University of Tasmania Library

2.2 Environmental Conditions

2.2.1 Soils

Launceston’s key soil types include Dermosols, which are well-drained, fertile and versatile, and supporting dry sclerophyll forests and grassy woodlands. Hydrosols are present in low-lying wetlands and floodplains, noted for their high water table and organic matter, and important for biodiversity and water regulation. Chromosols, found on similar landscapes, have loamy topsoil and clayey subsoil, supporting various forests and woodlands. Ferrosols are deep, highly fertile, and well-drained soils formed from volcanic basalt, excellent for agriculture and supporting a range of forest environments.

2.2.2 Vegetation

Since European colonisation in the early 1800s, the landscape of Launceston has undergone profound transformation, particularly within its urban core. Today, the TASVEG mapping classifies most of the city as “modified land,” reflecting this legacy of land use change. While pockets of native vegetation persist in reserves and along waterways, including naturally occurring species such as Eucalyptus viminalis, Eucalyptus amydgalina and Accacia melanoxylon, the dominant vegetation type in Launceston’s urban areas is now shaped more by human activity rather than by natural ecological processes.

Figure 5: Dominant Soils, source: ListMap

Figure 6: Vegetation Communities, source: ListMap

2.2.3 Hydrology

Launceston sits at the confluence of the North and South Esk Rivers and kanamaluka/Tamar Estuary.

Flood overlays demonstrate the extent of potential future flooding impacts of the Tamar, North and South Esk rivers. In a 2000 year ARI scenario 374ha of public open space would be impacted (over a third of the municipalities public open space). This is a key consideration for the future planning and management of public open space to ensure resilience in flood scenarios.

Sea level rise and extreme weather events are predicted to increase in the future, meaning that flooding is expected to change in the Launceston area (City of Launceston Climate Summary 2022).

2.2.4 Biodiversity corridors

Launceston’s green corridors are defined as interconnected areas of habitat that enable the movement of plants and wildlife between larger patches of vegetation, supporting regional biodiversity and ecological connectivity. These corridors often follow waterways, parks, reserves, and street tree networks, forming continuous green routes that facilitate habitat connection and species migration.

Figure 7: Flood Extent, source: ListMap

Figure 8: Biodiversity Corridors, source: ListMap

2.2.5 Tree canopy

Central Launceston is known for its leafy parks and significant trees. However the urban forest of Launceston only covers around 19% of the urban area and lacks species diversity. This is below the national standard of 39%.

The City’s Urban Greening Strategy 2023 - 2040 aims to reach the goal of 40% canopy cover by 2040. The Strategy identifies the need to create a green network that provides linkages between places and connects people to key destinations including open spaces.

Increased tree canopy is also important for the City’s climate resilience. Tasmania is predicted to see an overall drying and warming trend in the future, increasing the need for an urban canopy that provides shade and cooling where it is needed. Projections for the region also see a doubling

• In public open space, Council is estimated to manage more than 25,925 trees (not including bushland trees).

• Major areas of existing bushland in public open space include Cataract Gorge Reserve and First Basin, Punchbowl Reserve, Ravenswood Bushland Reserve, Carr Villa, and Youngtown Regional Park.

• Suburbs with highest percentage of canopy cover: Trevallyn, West Launceston, Prospect, Punchbowl.

• Suburbs with lowest percentage of canopy cover: Launceston CBD, Newnham, Invermay, Youngtown, St Leondards, Rocherlea.

Legend - Percentage of Canopy Cover

- 40%

- 5%

- 15%

- 25%

LGA Boundary

Key features of Launceston’s urban canopy:

Figure 9: Tree Canopy Cover, source: City of Launceston N

2.3 Street Tree Population

Launceston City Council has established a street tree inventory that provides information on individual trees, including species, genus and family. This offers the understanding of the current extent and composition of the city’s urban forest.

The existing dataset, despite missing data such tree age, health or condition, provides a useful snapshot of Launceston’s street tree population. A total of 23,799 trees are recorded, representing more than 430 species across over 100 genera. This level of detail allows for meaningful analysis of the diversity, dominance and balance within the population.

Family-level diversity

When grouped by family, the analysis shows that a relatively small number of families dominate:

• Myrtaceae (Eucalyptus, Melaleuca, Callistemon) - 23.9%

• Rosaceae (Prunus, Malus, Photinia, Cotoneaster) - 19.0%

• Fabaceae (Acacia) - 8.4%

• Ulmaceae (Ulmus) - 7.0%

• Betulaceae (Betula) - 4.3%

• Other families such as Fagaceae, Oleaceae, Casuarinaceae, Pinaceae, Salicaceae, Pittosporaceae, Sapindaceae, Cupressaceae and Malvaceae each contribute between 1-3%.

Myrtaceae accounts for about 24% of Launceston’s street tree population. This dominance is common in Australian cities, as genera such as Eucalyptus,

Melaleuca and Callistemon are naturally abundant in the Tasmanian landscape and widely used in urban planting.

While this reduces family-level diversity, resilience can be maintained by increasing species and genetic level diversity within Myrtaceae. Different species bring varied forms, tolerances and ecological functions, improving the population’s ability to adapt to climate stress, pests and disease.

Genus-level diversity

The genus breakdown reveals that six genera account for almost half of all street trees:

• Eucalyptus - 11.7%

• Prunus - 10.8%

• Acacia - 8.3%

• Ulmus - 7.0%

• Melaleuca - 6.3%

• Callistemon - 5.2%

Species-level diversity

More than 430 individual species are represented, although distribution is uneven. The most common species include:

• Eucalyptus species (not identified) 7.4% (most dominant after this is E. viminalis and E. globulus)

• Melaleuca linariifolia 4.4%

• Prunus blireiana 3.9%

• Photinia glabra ‘Robusta’ 3.3%

• Ulmus × hollandica 3.2%

• Acacia melanoxylon 3.0%

• Betula pendula 3.0%

These seven species alone account for nearly 30% of the entire population, indicating a relatively high degree of reliance on a limited palette.

Current diversity & benchmarks

Urban forest resilience depends on maintaining diversity across species, genera and families. Over-reliance on a narrow range increases vulnerability to pests, diseases and climate stresses. The most widely applied guideline is the 10/20/30 rule (Santamour 1999), which recommends no more than 10% of the population from a single species, 20% from a single genus, and 30% from a single family.

Launceston’s street tree population currently sits at a ratio of 7/12 /24 (species/ genus/ family). This places it comfortably within the Santamour benchmark, with the most common species at 7% (E. viminalis), the most common genus at 12% (Eucalyptus), and the dominant family, Myrtaceae, at 24%.

While the 10/20/30 rule provides a useful baseline, more recent research highlights the need for a more nuanced approach. The Kendal approach (Kendal et al. 2014) recognises that diversity targets should be adapted to local conditions, species groups and ecological realities. In the Australian context, a higher proportion of Myrtaceae is expected and not inherently problematic, provided there is strong species and genetic level diversity within the family. This perspective also emphasises the importance of functional and structural diversity, ensuring a mix of tree forms, ages, tolerances and ecological roles alongside taxonomic diversity. For Launceston, this means balancing the natural (moderate) dominance of Myrtaceae with broader representation across families, while also focusing on the ecological and functional contributions of each species to resilience.

Key implications

• Strong presence of Myrtaceae and other dominant genera: The street tree population shows a strong presence of Myrtaceae and several other genera. Resilience depends on ensuring diversity within these dominant families and avoiding reliance on a narrow set of species or cultivars.

• Uneven population share among species: Species diversity is relatively broad, but population share is uneven, with a handful of species disproportionately represented. This highlights the importance of functional and genetic variation, not just taxonomic spread.

• Vulnerability to pests, diseases and climate stresses: Launceston’s current diversity spread is best addressed by building structural diversity

(a mix of ages and forms) and functional diversity (trees providing shade, habitat, tolerance to different stresses).

• Opportunity to broaden the planting palette: There remains a clear opportunity to broaden the planting palette, introducing under-represented families while strengthening diversity within Myrtaceae and other dominant groups.

• Need for better data and monitoring: Improving the accuracy and regular updating of the tree inventory will enhance Council’s ability to track diversity across taxonomic, functional and structural dimensions and respond proactively.

Figure 10: Urban forest diversity diagram.

3. STREET TREE MASTER PLAN

3.1 Species Selection Principles

These principles provide the strategic foundation for tree selection, ensuring that future planting programs are guided by a consistent vision.

The principles for street tree planting

Right tree, right place

Tree species must be chosen with both current site conditions and long-term growth in mind. Selection must account for future built form, infrastructure, and community needs, ensuring that each tree can grow to maturity without conflict and contribute its full suite of benefits.

Largest suitable tree for the location

In every case, the largest appropriate tree for the available space should be selected. Prioritising canopy potential maximises return on investment and ensures that every planting site is used to its full capacity.

Place and character

Tree selection should reinforce the distinctive character of Launceston’s neighbourhoods, town centres and heritage streets. Species can be used to create memorable avenues, highlight gateways and complement the built form.

Climate-fit and climate-ready

Species must be both suited to Launceston’s current cooltemperate climate and capable of withstanding future conditions. This includes tolerance to frost, seasonal rainfall variability, increasing heat events, and occasional flooding in low-lying areas.

Diversity for resilience

Launceston’s urban forest will be strengthened by diversity across species, genera and families, as well as age, structure and function.

Ecology

Wherever possible, locally indigenous species will be prioritised, particularly within biodiversity corridors, riparian zones and areas that provide ecological linkages. This approach will strengthen habitat values, support pollinators, birds and other wildlife.

Safe and compatible

Street trees must coexist with overhead services, underground infrastructure, traffic requirements and pedestrian access. Species will be selected to minimise risk of pavement damage, excessive litter, while maximising longevity and lowmaintenance performance.

3.2 Urban Forest Diversity

A resilient urban forest is not just about planting more trees, it’s about planting a diverse mix of them. Diversity comes in many shapes and sizes, helps the whole tree population cope with pests, disease, heat, drought and other challenges. So that the community continues to benefit from shade, cooling, cleaner air and habitat over many decades.

Age diversity

Species diversity

Planting many different types of trees reduces the risk of losing large areas of canopy if one species becomes affected by a pest or disease. A varied mix also supports wildlife, creates seasonal interest, and ensures trees can suit different soil, climate and street conditions.

A healthy tree population should include young, medium-aged and older trees. A mix ensures canopy is maintained yearround, planning is spread over time, and the next generation is already growing before older trees reach the end of their life.

URBAN FOREST DIVERSITY

Structural diversity

Different trees have different shapes and forms. A variety of forms delivers shade where it is needed, reduces wind exposure, improves habitat and helps avoid conflicts with signs, awnings or overhead wires.

Genetic diversity

Even within the same species, genetic variation matters. Trees grown from a narrow genetic line are more vulnerable to pests and climate stress. Using stock grown from diverse sources helps increase resilience and adaptability over time.

Functional diversity

Trees also play different roles. Some are great for cooling streets, others help manage stormwater, support pollinators, or contribute to local character. Combining trees with different strengths means the whole network performs better and supports multiple goals.

3.3 Methodology

The STMP was developed using a clear and systematic process, beginning with defining conditions through:

• Site assessments.

• Review of existing conditions.

• Understanding the broader landscape and context.

This is supported by community and stakeholder engagement, ensuring that local needs and

aspirations inform outcomes. Together, these steps provide the foundation for the Street Tree Master Plan.

The methodology then classifies streets into three core categories:

• Launceston CBD.

• Main Roads – Significant arterial roads outside the CBD.

• Streets.

Site Assessment

DEFINING CONDITIONS

Existing Conditions

Community + Stakeholder Engagement

This structured framework ensures that species selection and planting strategies are consistently informed by place-specific conditions, urban character, and the needs of the community.

Understanding the place

Launceston CBD

Main Roads Streets

Street Tree Master Plan

3.4 CBD Precinct

Launceston’s CBD streets reflect a rich layering of history and change, combining colonial, post-war, and more fragmented contemporary streetscapes. The city grid is relatively ordered, with many streets oriented north–south or east–west, designed to support accessible movement and civic life. Key routes connect retail, dining, and cultural precincts, while malls, laneways and arcades enhance walkability and provide fine-grain connectivity within the city centre.

Key challenges

• Limited tree canopy cover: Most greenery is in parks and private land, leaving streets under-planted and lacking shade.

• Urban heat and low pedestrian comfort: Minimal canopy increases heat and reduces comfort.

• Wide roadways and heavy kerbside parking: These restrict space for greening and streetscape improvements.

• Collectively, these issues limit the role of street trees in supporting climate resilience, walkability, and a welcoming public realm.

City Heart Place Plan

• Defines a vision for the CBD as a people-focused, mixeduse city centre.

• Aims to improve connections between precincts and strengthen the CBD’s role as a coherent inner-city area.

• Highlights how different parts of the CBD work together, each with a distinct but complementary role.

Figure 11: Cameron Street

Figure 12: CBD precinct map

3.5 CBD Street Classification

This section builds on Tasmania’s municipal standards by extending the traditional street hierarchy and integrating current best-practice guidelines. The result is a more nuanced street classification system designed to better support urban greening and increase canopy cover across the Launceston LGA. Recognising the diversity of development within the municipality, the framework

does not attempt to capture every possible street type; instead, it consolidates conditions into a refined set of categories that balance consistency with flexibility.

Each street class is supported by high level analysis that enables an understanding of its context, highlights existing challenges, and identifies opportunities for improvement.

However, it is important to acknowledge that many existing streets are constrained by their physical dimensions. Road reserves, carriageway widths, and underground infrastructure, as there is more than just drainage limiting planting. In these cases, the framework provides guidance on how to maximise greening outcomes within existing constraints. Street

Description Former tramway and feeder roads to the city with little street activation or planting

Large but less busy collector roads, suitable for walking and cycling, with space for non-vehicle activities

Local roads within the City Heart with mixed use commercial/ retail frontages and some street trading Narrow shared access ways throughout the council area Local streetscapes whit no traffic, or have very minimal vehicle movements

Footpath type

On-street car parking

1.8m path one side / min 2m path other side

WSUD Low flow: passive irrigation / raingardens

Higher flow: pits and pipes solution

1.8m path both sides

Low flow: passive irrigation

Higher flow: swale

Low flow: passive irrigation

Higher flow: swale

Passive irrigation of street trees, or permeable paving for groundwater infiltration

LEGEND

CBD Boundary Arterial Collector

Commercial Laneways Civic Spaces

Figure 13: Launceston’s CBD road classification map

3.5.1 Arterial streets

Arterial streets are designed to carry high traffic volumes, accommodating buses, freight, private vehicles, cyclists, and pedestrians. With carriageways typically wider than 12 metres, they provide the capacity needed for multi-modal connectivity between urban centres. This scale creates opportunities for verge plantings and street trees; however, high traffic volumes, wide lanes, and utility easements often constrain where planting can occur.

Parking and direct property access are generally limited along arterial streets, though some older or residential areas still retain these features. Despite these challenges, the width

of arterial corridors presents significant potential for planting. Introducing canopy cover and understorey planting can help reduce urban heat, improve air quality, and soften the visual dominance of hard-surfaced environments.

Examples

• Wellington St.

• Cimitiere St.

• George St.

Opportunities

• Plant large-canopy trees in broad verges to maximise shade and canopy cover.

• Create larger, connected soil zones to support healthy root growth and minimise pavement damage.

• Use medians to add canopy, visually narrow the corridor, and improve traffic separation.

• Introduce buffer planting along footpaths to enhance pedestrian safety and comfort.

• Integrate Water Sensitive Urban Design to improve stormwater management and support tree health.

Figure 14: Arterial street - Wellington street Launceston

Figure 15: Arterial street - Bathurst street Launceston

Pedestrian zone + shared utilities trench

Opportunity to green median and plant trees Lane Lane Turning lane / parking

Pedestrian zone + shared utilities trench + planting zone with soil vault

Figure 16: Typical arterial street section

3.5.2 Collector streets

Collector streets are moderatecapacity roads that link local streets with arterial routes, supporting movement for vehicles, cyclists, and pedestrians. They present reserves typically around 18 metres wide, and provide flexibility in verge design and often incorporate varied streetscape profiles. Drainage features are frequently integrated into planting zones, creating opportunities to combine tree planting with water-sensitive urban design.

Parking arrangements vary depending on neighbourhood density. In lower-demand areas, collectors can appear relatively wide, while in busier contexts they often accommodate more structured

parking. Many collector streets also serve as key connectors between neighbourhoods and important destinations such as shops, schools, or transit hubs, often supporting regular bus services. Their distinctive role and character contribute to neighbourhood identity and legibility, making them critical links in Launceston’s street network.

Examples

• Charles St .

• Dowling St.

• George St.

Opportunities

• Introduce trees into wide verge areas to increase shade and canopy where street width is excessive and parking demand is low.

• Prioritise shade around schools and complement planting with street furniture to enhance comfort and community activation.

• Use medians for additional planting to increase canopy cover and visually calm traffic.

• Apply kerb extensions and buffers to create space for larger canopy trees while improving pedestrian safety.

• Integrate passive irrigation and low-flow runoff systems to support healthy, resilient tree growth.

Figure 17: Collector street - Brisbane street Launceston

Figure 18: Collector street - Charles street Launceston

Pedestrian zone + shared utilities trench

Parking / traffic calming planted verge

*Passive irrigation kerbs incorporated

2 Lanes

Parking / traffic calming planted verge

*Passive irrigation kerbs incorporated

Pedestrian zone + shared utilities trench + containerised planting

Figure 19: Typical collector street

3.5.3 Commercial / local streets

Commercial streets are lowcapacity, two-way roads designed primarily for residential access. In this classification cul-de-sacs are included as well, and generally support places with various destinations and moderate vehicle traffic, with carriageway widths of around 12 meters. These streets balance commercial activity with pedestrian priority, enhancing shopfront interaction and incorporating greening elements for beautification and shade.

These calmer streets are well used for walking and cycling and often form part of loose grid networks. Many function as yield streets, where parked cars narrow the roadway and encourage cooperative driving. Demand for on-street parking is high, but awnings and limited verge widths restrict space for canopy trees

and soil volumes, resulting in less shade and reduced planting opportunities.

Examples

• William St.

• Lawrence St.

• St John St.

Opportunities

• Plant large-canopy trees in wide verges and areas with low parking demand to increase shade, comfort, and urban greenery.

• Use medians and kerb extensions to create additional planting space, support larger trees, calm traffic, and visually narrow street corridors.

• Design larger, linked soil areas and incorporate structural soils and passive irrigation to

support healthy root systems and reduce pavement damage.

• Integrate Water Sensitive Urban Design and low-flow runoff systems to improve tree health and support sustainable water management.

• Use buffer planting and street furniture to enhance pedestrian comfort, particularly around schools and high-use walking routes.

• Select species suited to available soil volume, overhead clearances, and long-term maintenance needs to ensure safe sight lines and resilient tree growth.

• Coordinate early with service providers and stakeholders to efficiently integrate trees into existing verges and complex infrastructure environments.

Figure 20: Commercial street - Cameron street Launceston

Figure 21: Commercial street - St John street Launceston

Pedestrian zone + shared utilities trench

Parking / traffic calming planted verge

2 Lanes

Parking / traffic calming + tree in verges+ containerised planting

~ 3.2m

Pedestrian zone + shared utilities trench

Figure 22: Typical commercial street

3.5.4 Laneways

A lane is a narrow street positioned behind mixed-use properties, designed mainly to provide rear service access and help maintain active frontages along primary roads. These lanes facilitate essential service functions, enabling main entrances to face busier streets, but their utilitarian role sometimes results in lowerquality environments. Service lanes are important for deliveries and vehicle access; they can also double as convenient, slower routes for pedestrians and cyclists, supporting multiple travel options within urban areas.

Examples

• Genders Ln.

• Smiths Ln.

• Dell Ln.

Opportunities

• Improve pedestrian safety and comfort by formalising movement patterns and providing dedicated space where footpaths are missing or inadequate.

• Use vertical greening to soften built edges, enhance visual amenity, and improve microclimate.

• Redesign rear-of-block areas to better manage deliveries and waste, reducing vehicle–pedestrian conflict.

• Introduce lighting and design treatments that increase passive surveillance and improve safety.

• Redefine street priority by narrowing roadway widths and tightening corner radii to slow vehicles and support pedestrianfriendly environments.

Figure 23: Laneway - Center way Launceston, Google street view

Figure 24: Laneway - Dell lane Launceston, Google street view

Footpath + vertical planting Carriageway

Footpath + containerised planting

Figure 25: Typical access lane

3.5.5 Civic spaces

Within the Launceston CBD precinct, civic spaces serve as vibrant focal points for the city, anchored by high-quality public spaces such as Brisbane Street Mall and the Civic Square.

Civic Spaces are designed solely for pedestrians through features like tree planting, comfortable seating, and offers great potential for varied public space uses, including art installations, events, and festivals, creating a lively and engaging environment for the community. These spaces function primarily as welcoming, active public realms where vehicle access is restricted for servicing only.

Examples

• Civic Square.

• Quadrant Mall.

• Brisbane Street Mall.

Opportunities

• Introduce distinctive, coordinated planting patterns to strengthen precinct identity.

• Create rest zones that integrate seating, landscaping, shade trees and improved amenity.

• Use passive irrigation and lowflow runoff systems to support healthy tree growth.

• Maximise Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) to improve tree performance and stormwater outcomes.

• Improve pedestrian safety and amenity by legitimising footpath-like behaviour where formal paths are lacking.

• Incorporate vertical greening to soften hard edges, improve microclimate and enhance visual appeal.

• Increase canopy cover in constrained environments by optimising planter design and soil systems.

• Design layouts that maintain essential access for freight and service vehicles while creating safer, greener pedestrian areas.

Figure 27: Civic space - Quadrant mall Launceston

Figure 26: Civic space - Brisbane street mall Launceston

Walking space

Planting and resting zone combined program area outside of clear foot traffic / awning zone

Walking space

Figure 28: Typical civic space

3.6 CBD Tree Planting Strategy

Context

Launceston is shaped by its natural setting. The city is located at the confluence of the South Esk and North Esk Rivers, which combine to form the kanamaluka / Tamar River estuary, a primary waterway flowing north to Bass Strait that has influenced patterns of settlement, transport and ecological systems. This junction sits within a landscape of distinct ridgelines, rolling hills and river valleys formed through volcanic and fluvial processes, including the Cataract Gorge carved by the South Esk River. Together, these natural systems have defined the city’s physical structure, environmental function and cultural associations with place, providing a framework for the ongoing evolution of Launceston’s urban green systems.

Defining character area

Character areas have been identified to reflect Launceston’s topography, its relationship to the Esk River and Cataract Gorge, its urban grain and movement patterns, and its colonial historic context. Together, these areas describe distinct landscape and built form conditions across the city, from the evolving post-industrial riverfront and the established CBD core, to the western gateway and the residential escarpment. Each area presents specific opportunities to reinforce place identity, integrate natural systems, and guide future street tree and public domain outcomes in a manner that responds to both environmental structure and historic character.

Four character areas

Character areas have been identified based on Launceston’s topography, its relationship to natural systems, urban grain and layout, and its colonial historic context.

CBD core

Defined by historic buildings and established exotic deciduous street trees, the CBD core has a strong existing identity. There is an opportunity to further reinforce street structure and public spaces to strengthen place character and legibility.

Western gateway

Post industrial riverfront

Forming the western approach to the CBD, this area functions as a key entry point. A considered tree species palette incorporating both large exotic and native species can assist in integrating the river and gorge landscapes with the colonial character of the city centre.

Flanking the northern and southern banks of the Esk, this area presents an opportunity to draw on the character and scale of the Cataract Gorge to inform future street definition and public domain outcomes as redevelopment occurs.

Residential escarpment

The south-eastern portion of the city is characterised by a residential escarpment, where streets respond to significant level changes and perform both movement and drainage functions. There is an opportunity to introduce a mix of smaller-scale exotic and native species that reflect both the surrounding natural systems and the historic patterns of urban development.

Figure 24: Character areas map

3.6.1 Post industrial river front

Street Name

Balaclava St

Bernard St

Boland St (btw Tamar St and Innes St)

Proposed Species

Pistacia chinensis, Magnolia champaca

Lagerstroemia indica, Corymbia citriodora ' Babycit', Magnolia grandiflora ' Teddy Bear'

Platanus x acerifolia ' Bloodgood', Eucalyptus pulchella, Eucalyptus spathulata, Allocasuarina verticillata, Allocasuarina littoralis.

Boland St (btw Innes St and Dowling St)

Canal St

Charles St

Cimitiere St

Dowling St

Dry St (btw Goderich St and Holbrook St)

Dry St

Proposed Species (under powerlines)

Do not plant in locations under powerlines

Powerlines bundled and not an impediment

Notes

Narrow verges, no street trees currently. Powerlines crossing in many locations. Explore options for in-road planting.

Narrow verges, no street trees currently, cables are bundled. Explore options for in-road planting.

No powerlines Existing Gleditsia sp. along river side. Platanus sp. avenue on opposide side. Powerlines (HV) only in section east of Innes Street. Discontinue Gleditsia and interplant with Eucalytpus and She Oak

See road reserve typology Banksia marginata, Eucalyptus pulverulenta ' Baby Blue'

Elaeocarpus reticulatus, Acacia melanoxylon, Eucalyptus ovata ( in reserve area)

Carpinus betulus ' Fastigiata' (western side)

Fraxinus pennsylvanica 'Cimmzam' (eastern side)

Acacia melanoxylon, Eucalyptus pulchella, Eucalyptus spathulata, Allocasuarina verticillata, Allocasuarina littoralis, Melaleuca styphelioides (Reserve)

Pyrus calleryana (fooptath)

Eucalyptus pulchella, Eucalyptus spathulata, Allocasuarina littoralis, Melaleuca styphelioides

Pyrus calleryana (fooptath)

Fraxinus americana ' Spartacus', Melaleuca linariifolia

Quercus cerris (future median)

Brachychiton populneus, Eucalyptus gunnii, Geijera parviflora (in parking bays)

Table 2: Post industrial river front street trees list

Only street lighting single wire.

Wide road reserve sections - use road reserve typology. Discontinue Platanus in this section use only natives.

Narrow verges, no street trees currently, cables are bundled. Planting opportunities exist with no parking zones in road and in adjacent road reserve.

No powerlines Newly planted Carpinus performing well, continue on this side

Do not plant in locations under powerlines

Wide road reserve section with opportunity for biodiverse multi layered planting

Banksia marginata, Eucalyptus pulverulenta 'Baby Blue'

Powerlines on southern side, tree are planted from lines in road reserve.

High voltage powerlines on northern side, do not plant in footpath under.

Mixed residential and industrial street.

Very wide street with significant established trees and unique character. Maintain mixed Fraxinus with Melaleuca mixed planting

Very wide street, opportunity for median planting and in road tree planting in parking bays

Street Name Proposed Species Proposed Species (under powerlines)

Esk St Carpinus betulus ' Fastigiata' (western side)

Esplanade

Platanus x acerifolia ' Bloodgood', Eucalyptus pulchella, Eucalyptus spathulata, Allocasuarina verticillata, Allocasuarina littoralis.

Powerlines are bundled on eastern side and not an impediment (do not plant on eastern side)

Notes

Narrow verges, no street trees currently. Opportunity for in road trees in parking bays.

No powerlines Discontinue Gleditsia and interplant with Eucalytpus and She Oak. Planting restricted within 2m of the bottom edge of the level wall, opportunity for in road planting

Frank St Street too narrow to plant trees Street too narrow to plant trees Street too narrow to plant trees

George St Pyrus calleryana Magnolia grandiflora ‘Teddy Bear’

Glebe Farm Rd Eucalyptus spathulata, Allocasuarina verticillata

Goderich St Populus alba, Betula nigra 'BNMTF' Dura Heat™

Gordon St Cercis canadensis, Elaeocarpus eumundi

Holbrook St Acacia melanoxylon, Eucalyptus pulchella, Eucalyptus robusta 'Matong', Allocasuarina verticillata

Home Point Pde Allocasuarina verticillata, Eucalyptus ovata, Eucalyptus spathulata, Eucalyptus robusta ‘Matong’, Eucalyptus crenulata, Melaleuca styphelioides

Do not plant on powerline side

Continue planting palette from CBD zone

Wide plantable section adjacent car park

No powerlines Continue unique established planting of Populus and Betula.

Do not plant on powerline side

Syzygium smithii 'Minor', Banksia marginata

Very narrow street, no street trees currently. Powerlines a major constraint. Possible options for in-road planting.

Very wide existing median area with opportunity for large canopy trees. Some footpath sections with plantable grass verge

No powerlines Large plantable section adjacent car park and in reserve areas toward the point.

Innes St Acer freemanii 'Autumn Blaze', Koelreuteria paniculata Eucalyptus pulverulenta 'Baby Blue', Lagerstroemia indica

Invermay Rd

Irvine St

Platanus x acerifolia 'Bloodgood', Acer rubrum 'October Glory' (median), Corymbia maculata 'Gamai', Brachychiton populneus

Lagerstroemia indica, Magnolia grandiflora 'Teddy Bear'

Tristaniopsis laurina 'Luscious', Lagerstroemia indica

Do not plant in locations under powerlines

Wide street with opportunity to extend verges or do in road planting

Also covered in the main roads list

Very narrow street, no street trees currently. Powerlines a major constraint. Possible options for in-road planting.

Street Name

Proposed Species

Proposed Species (under powerlines)

Lawrence St Ulmus parvifolia 'Todd' Ulmus parvifolia 'Todd'

Lindsay St Acer rubrum 'October Glory', Eucalyptus robusta ‘Matong’, Eucalyptus crenulata

Park St Eucalyptus camaldulensis, "Tilia × europaea (in parking bays on park edge), Zelkova serrata 'Green Vase' (western side)"

Racecourse Cr Platanus x acerifolia 'Bloodgood', Eucalyptus pulchella

Seaport Boulevard "Ulmus parvifolia 'Todd' (car park blisters)

Eucalyptus robusta 'Matong', Allocasuarina verticillata (embankment)

Shield St

St John St

Tamar St

William St

Quercus coccinea (future median), Geijera parviflora, Brachychiton populneus

Ginkgo biloba

Acer freemanii 'Autumn Blaze'

Ulmus davidiana 'Sapporo Autumn Gold', Zelkova serrata 'Green Vase'

Willis St Corymbia citriodora 'Scentuous', Liriodendron tulipifera

Melaleuca styphelioides, Geijera parviflora

Notes

Established avenue of Chinese Elm. High candidate for bundling of powerlines to reduce impact to canopies

Recent extensive planting of Acer rubrum along levy side. Interplant gaps with native species. Wide verge on powerline side allowing for larger species

No powerlines Adjacent Royal Park with mature established canopy. Reinforce existing Lime tree planting.

Carpinus betulus 'Fastigiata' (in road), Corymbia citriodora ‘Babycit’

Eastern side of road has large section of grass reserve planting. Reinforce London Plane tree avenue. Tree planting on powerline side needs to be in road car bays. Median sections need soil improvement and decompaction.

No powerlines Planting areas in car park blisters and grass embankment

No powerlines Wide street with opportunity for median planting and tree planting in parking bays.

No powerlines Footpath planting opportunities as well in road, continue planting palette from CBD zone

Lagerstroemia indica

Tristaniopsis laurina 'Luscious'

Eucalyptus pulverulenta 'Baby Blue'

Constraints from awnings at northern end. Footpath planting opportunities as well in road, continue planting palette from CBD zone

Footpath planting opportunities as well in road, existing established ulmus species doing well

Footpath planting opportunities as well in road

CBD core

Street Name

Proposed Species

Proposed Species (under powerlines)

Notes

Benders Lane No planting opportunities No planting opportunities Very narrow lane way connecting a car park - explore enhanced tree planting in car park

Bookmakers Lane Quercus palustris ' Pringreen' - Green Pillar No powerlines Very constrained narrow lane way, limited planting opportunities - will require detailed design

Brisbane St

Fraxinus pennsylvanica ' Urbdell'

Tristaniopsis ' Luscious'

Cameron St Acer rubrum ' October Glory' No powerlines

Charles St

Cimitiere St

Fraxinus pennsylvanica 'Cimmzam'

No powerlines

Liriodendron tulipifera Corymbia citriodora ‘Babycit’

Elizabeth St Pyrus calleryana Tristaniopsis ' Luscious'

George St Pyrus calleryana Magnolia grandiflora ‘Teddy Bear’

Kingsway Carpinus betulus No powerlines

Paterson St Ulmus parvifolia ‘ Todd’ No powerlines

St John St

Tamar St

Wellington St

Ginkgo biloba No powerlines

Acer freemanii 'Autumn Blaze'

Corymbia maculata ‘Gamai‘ (in road), Zelkova serrata ' Musashino' (in footpath)

York St

Lagerstroemia indica

Corymbia citriodora ‘Babycit’. Some sections are bundeled cableuse main proposed species.

Tilia cordata ‘Greenspire’ No powerlines

Dominant east west street, many constraints, including awnings, signage and street hardware. Footpath planting is possible in select locations, as is in road planting. Do not plant street trees along park edge.

Prominent central spine connecting Civic Square to City Park. Limited awning, opportunity for strong continuous ave

Many awnings, however the footpath extends out beyond awning allowing for tree planting. Investigate options for in-road planting.

Limted planting opportunities west of Charles Street.

Do not plant street trees along park edge

Some awnings at western end, opportunity for in road planting

Existing Pyrus calleryana in footpath. Only small section in north with powerlines.

Existing in road avenue of Carpinus

Limited existing awnings allowing for broader canopy

Footpath planting opportunities as well in road

Do not plant street trees along park edge

Busy road with heavy traffic. Planting opportunities exist in strategic location and in road.

Footpath planting opportunities as well in road

Table 3: CBD street trees list

3.6.3

Western gateway

Street Name Proposed Species Proposed Species (under powerlines)

Babington St Cercis canadensis, Elaeocarpus eumundi

Bathurst Street Populus simonii

Brisbane St

Canning St

Elizabeth St

Frederick St

Garnet St

Fraxinus pennsylvanica ' Urbdell'

Ulmus americana ' Valley Forge'

Do not plant in locations under powerlines

Lagerstroemia indica, Syzygium smithii ' Minor'

Corymbia citriodora ‘ Babycit ’

Malus spectabilis

Eucalyptus pulchella Tristaniopsis 'Luscious'

Carpinus betulus

Acacia melanoxylon, Eucalyptus pulchella

Eucalyptus leucoxylon ‘ Euky Dwarf’

Notes

Short street with narrow verges, no street trees currently. Explore options for in-road planting.

Do not plant street trees along park edge. Footpath planting opportunities as well in road

Street continues on from CBD zone, continue theme

Existing significant avenue of in-road Elms - continue theme. Do not plant street trees along park edge.

Street continues on from CBD zone, continue theme

Do not plant street trees along park edge

No powerlines Opportunity to plant in road reserve opposite

Margaret St Carpinus betulus, Corymbia maculata Tristaniopsis 'Luscious'

Middle St

Paterson St

Acacia melanoxylon, Eucalyptus pulchella, Brachychiton populneus

Ulmus davidiana ' Sapporo Autumn Gold

Wellington St Zelkova serrata ' Musashino' (in footpath)

York St Tilia cordata ‘Greenspire’, Corymbia ficifolia

Table 4: Western gateway street trees list

Footpath planting opportunities as well in road. Do not plant street trees along park edge

No powerlines Very narrow street. Planting opportunities exist at western end in road reserve

No powerlines Do not plant street trees along park edge

Tristaniopsis laurina, Magnolia grandiflora ‘Teddy Bear’

Eucalyptus leucoxylon ‘Euky Dwarf’

Some existing sections have Green Pillar Pin Oak planting in road, these are not performing well and offer little shade or amenity. Road/carriageway alignment in this section of Wellington allows for in road tree planting.

Street continues on from CBD zone, continue theme with introduction of new species to suits change of character

3.6.4 Residential escarpment

Street Name

Canning St

Proposed Species

Proposed Species (under powerlines)

Ulmus americana ' Valley Forge' Malus spectabilis

Earl St Carpinus betulus ' Fastigiata', Corymbia citriodora ' Scentuous', Quercus palustrius ‘Green Pillar’

Elizabeth St

Betula nigra ' BNMTF' Dura Heat™, Corymbia citriodora ' Scentuous', Quercus paulstrius ‘Green Pillar

Frederick St

George St

St John St

Notes

Existing significant avenue of in-road Elms, continue theme

No powerlines Opportunity for in road trees and along car park edge

Pittosporum eugenioides ' Variegatum', Tristaniopsis ' Luscious'

Ulmus americana 'Valley Forge' Eucalyptus leucoxylon ‘ Euky Dwarf’

Pyrus calleryana, Liriodendron tulipifera Corymbia citriodora ‘ Babycit’, Banksia marginata

Carpinus betulus, Acer campestre ' Elsrijk' (for median btw Frederick and Canning)

Lagerstroemia indica, Syzygium smithii ' Minor'

Tamar St Liriodendron tulipifera Tristaniopsis ' Luscious' (bare wire), Carpinus betulus (bundled cable)

Welman

Weymouth St

York St

Callistemon salignus, Brachychiton populneus, Eucalyptus amygdalina, Geijera parviflora

Betula nigra ' BNMTF' Dura Heat™

Tilia cordata ‘Greenspire’, Tristaniopsis 'Luscious', Eucalyptus leucoxylon ‘ Euky Dwarf’

Table 5: Residential escarpment street trees list

Syzygium smithii 'Minor', Malus spectabilis

No powerlines

Lagerstroemia indica, Syzygium smithii ' Minor'

Street continues from CBD zone and changes to a very residential character, switch to alternating species

Several established in road Elm trees, continue with this theme. Do not plant street trees along park edge

Street continues from CBD zone and changes to a very residential character

Do not plant street trees along park edge

Half the street is bundled power cable

Much of street is flanked by park/ reserve, do not plant street trees along these edges. Street splits with opportunity for diverse native planting.

Narrow steep street, possible locations for tree pits to be installed in asphalt

Street continues from CBD zone and changes to a very residential character. Footpath and in road opportunities. Do not plant street trees along park edges

Figure 30: Artist’s impression of Brisbane Street showing greening opportunities along road sides. Existing Situation pictured above

3.7 Main Roads

The main roads within the Launceston LGA include several major transport corridors that shape movement across the city. These major roads form corridors of movement through the area and are often considered somewhat separate in character to the precincts and suburbs they traverse, divide or bound. A key initiative of this STMP is to strengthen and re-define the character and role of most

of these roads with a more consistent and unified tree planting schemes for the decades to come.

The main road corridors that have been identified as part of this STMP are shown in figure 31 adjoining.

Major roads have been classified as main roads, gateways, and opportunity routes based on site assessments and the

identification of key arterial corridors connecting the city’s core precincts. It is recommended that main connector roads employ a more conventional method, predominantly utilising a single tree species palette to achieve clarity and visual continuity. This focused selection will elevate the distinctiveness of the route and help visually emphasise its role as a primary corridor.

Street Name Suburb

East Tamar Highway Invermay

Elphin Rd Launceston , Elphin , Newstead

Georgetown Rd Mayfield

Henry St Ravenswood , Launceston

High St Launceston

Hobart Rd Kings Meadows

Hoblers Bridge Rd Newstead , Ravenswood

Invermay Rd Invermay , Mowbray

Lambert St Ravenswood

Penquite Rd Newstead , Norwood

Prossers Forest Rd Ravenswood

Quarantine Rd Kings Meadows , Norwood

St Leonard Rd Waverley - St Leonards

Talbot Rd South Launceston

Wellington St South Launceston , Launceston West Tamar Highway Trevallyn

Westbury Rd South Launceston , Prospect

Table 6: Main roads classification

INVERMAY RD INVERMAY RD

LEGEND

LGA

CBD Boundary Roads St Leonard Growth Area

Main roads Waterway POS

PROSSERSFORESTRD

HENRYST

ELPHINRD

HOBLERSBRRD

WELLINGTONST PENQUITERD

STLEONARDRD

Figure 31: Main roads within Launceston LGA

3.8 Main Roads Tree Schedule

A central aim of the STMP is to redefine the identity and function of these main roads by introducing more consistent, unified tree planting schemes over the coming decades, strengthening their character and integrating them better with surrounding precincts.

The southern part of the East Tamar Highway is a vital corridor for freight, existing White Poplar trees along this segment must be retained.

Proposed species

Populus alba, Ulmus parvifolia ‘Todd’

Proposed species - under powerlines

Cercis siliquastrum, Eucalyptus pulverulenta ‘Baby Blue’

This section has a very different character to the south section with wide road reserves (flood zones). Species need to tolerate saturated soil.

Proposed species

Allocasuarina verticillata, Eucalyptus ovata, Eucalyptus spathulata, Eucalyptus robusta ‘Matong’, Eucalyptus crenulata

East Tamar Highway - between Linsday st and Brewer st

Figure 32: East Tamar Highway

East Tamar Highway - between Brewer pl and Mowbray link

Figure 33: East Tamar Highway

Elphin Road features on-road bike lanes and functions as a main bus corridor. Dominant existing species: Pittosporum eugenioides, ‘Variegatum’ and Nyssa sylvatica. Limited space in verges (some narrow grass verge sections). Its width offers opportunity for in-road tree blisters.

Proposed species

Quercus palustris, Pyrus calleryana ‘Chanticleer’ (in road blisters) , Elaeocarpus reticulatus (in grass verge or footpath cut outs)

Proposed species - under powerlines

Lagerstroemia indica, Pittosporum eugenioides

This section provides direct access to two educational hubs. Wider grass verge on powerline side. This area offers opportunity for in road tree blisters.

Proposed species

Quercus palustris (in road blisters), Nyssa sylvatica ‘NXSXF’ Forum™ (in grass verge)

Proposed species - under powerlines

Lagerstroemia indica, Pittosporum eugenioides

The powerline side of the road features a mainly grass verge with sufficient width for tree planting, while the non-powerline side has full-width pavement, with space to install tree pits in most sections.

Proposed species

Zelkova serrata ‘Musashino’ (outside shopping/ commercial nodes), Melaleuca styphelioides (in residential sections)

Proposed species - under powerlines

Syzygium smithii ‘Minor’, Corymbia citriodora ‘Babycit’

Elphin road

Figure 34: Elphin Road

Elphin road - between Dowling st and College st

Figure 35: Elphin Road

Georgetown road

Figure 36: Georgetown Road

Henry Street features large sections with no formal road edge or footpath through wet river edge zones. Species need to tolerate saturated soil.

Proposed species

Allocasuarina verticillata, Eucalyptus ovata, Eucalyptus spathulata, Eucalyptus robusta ‘Matong’, Eucalyptus crenulata

Proposed species - under powerlines

Melaleuca linariifolia, Tristaniopsis laurina, Corymbia citriodora ‘Babycit’’

A wide variety of verge conditions are present along this corridor, and some concrete cutting will be required to facilitate tree planting. Several sections adjoin existing parks (e.g. St Georges Square); in these locations, street tree planting is not recommended. Instead, additional planting should be integrated along park edges to strengthen the landscape interface. Existing heritage date palms should be replaced with the same species in the event of failure to maintain the established character.

Proposed species

Fraxinus pennsylvanica ‘Cimmzam’, Quercus palustris, Melia azedarach (fruitless cultivar), Acer rubrum ‘October Glory’, Phoenix canariensis (for existing section)

Proposed species - under powerlines

Syzygium smithii ‘Minor’, Arbutus unedo

Henry street

High street

Figure 37: Henry street

Figure 38: High street

Hobart Road - Carr Street to Quarantine Road

Residential section with grass verge. Eastern side has powerlines, with heavily constrained planting opportunities.

Proposed species

Lophostemon confertus, Fraxinus americana ‘Sparticus’

This section provides direct access to two educational hubs. Wider grass verge on powerline side. This area offers opportunity for in road tree blisters.

Proposed species

Zelkova serrata ‘Green Vase’

Proposed species - under powerlines

Tristaniopsis laurina ‘Luscious’, Syzygium smithii ‘Minor’

Residential section with narrow grass verge on western side, eastern side has powerlines. Several constraints including traffic guard rails and retaining walls. Existing pencil pines to be gradually replaced.

Proposed species

Banksia serrata, Koelreuteria paniculata

Proposed species - under powerlines

Lagerstroemia indica, Magnolia grandiflora ‘Teddy Bear’’

Hobart road - Machen st to Carr st

Hobart road - Machen st to Punchbowl rd

Figure 39: Hobart road

Figure 40: Hobart road

Figure 41: Hobart road

Hoblers Bridge road

Hoblers Bridge Road transitions from a predominantly residential street fronts into wider road reserves. The section close to Elphin rd presents narrow verges, here consider in road opportunities.

Proposed species

Brachychiton populneus, Eucalyptus cordata, Eucalyptus crenulata, Melaleuca styphelioides

Characterised by mixed commercial, industrial, and residential development. Verges are fully paved and will require tree pits to be installed. Several sections include awnings. There is also an opportunity for median tree planting.

Proposed species

Pistacia chinensis, Carpinus betulus ‘Fastigiata’, Zelkova serrata ‘Green Vase’ (in median)

Proposed species - under powerlines

Tristaniopsis laurina ‘Luscious’, Lagerstroemia indica

Existing ave of London Plane trees to be retained.

Proposed species

Platanus x acerifolia ‘Bloodgood’, Acer rubrum ‘October Glory’ (median), Corymbia maculata ‘Gamai’, Brachychiton populneus

Proposed species - under powerlines

Tristaniopsis laurina ‘Luscious’, Lagerstroemia indica

Invermay road - south of Elm st

Invermay road - north of Elm st

Figure 44: Hobart road

Figure 42: Hoblers Bridge road

Figure 43: Hobart road

Lambert street has numerous driveways. Planting opportunities on property side of footpath (not against road edge).

Proposed species

Liriodendron tulipifera, Corymbia maculata ‘Gamai’, Callistemon salignus, Quercus rubra (feature trees in front of ‘Ravenswood’ village sign).

Proposed species - under powerlines

Melaleuca linariifolia, Corymbia citriodora ‘Babycit’

Penquite road will continue with Elphin Road species palette. Many sections have limited verge or footpath space, including some narrow grass verges. There is an opportunity for in-road tree blisters.

Proposed species

Quercus palustris, Pyrus calleryana ‘Chanticleer’ (in road blisters), Elaeocarpus reticulatus (in grass verge or footpath cut outs)

Proposed species - under powerlines

Lagerstroemia indica, Pittosporum eugenioides

Short section near shopping village. It presents numerous wide verges with powerlines on one side and a few established trees on the opposite.

Proposed species

Fraxinus pennsylvanica ‘Cimmzam’ (on shopping village side), Eucalyptus robusta ‘Matong’ (on park side).

Lambert street - Ravenswood rd and Buffalo cr

Penquite road

Figure 45: Lambert street

Figure 46: Penquite road

Prossers Forest road

Figure 47: Prossers Forest road

Quarantine road

The road primarily serves residential areas, with many driveways and medium-width verges. Some wider reserve sections can accommodate large tree species, as most residential verges have generous grass verges.

Proposed species

Brachychiton populneus, Eucalyptus cordata, Eucalyptus crenulata, Melaleuca styphelioides, Acacia melanoxylon

Proposed species - under powerlines

Melaleuca linariifolia, Corymbia citriodora ‘Babycit’

St Leonard road

St Leonards Road is the main north–south arterial serving the growing St Leonards area. In many sections, the verge is too narrow for planting and will require in-road tree installation. The northern section includes some grass verges, with planting located along the private boundary edge of the footpath.

Proposed species

Brachychiton populneus, Carpinus betulus ‘Fastigiata’, Elaeocarpus reticulatus (in grass verge or footpath cut outs), Malus spectabilis (in grass verge or footpath cut outs and ‘activity centre’)

Proposed species - under powerlines

Melaleuca linariifolia, Tristaniopsis laurina, Corymbia citriodora ‘Babycit’’

Figure 48: Quarantine road

Figure 49: St Leonard road

This road is characterised by steep topography and most of it presents a verge too narrow for planting. There is opportunity for in road tree planting.

Proposed species

Quercus palustris ‘Pringreen’ - Green Pillar, Fraxinus pennsylvanica ‘Cimmzam’ (in road blisters), Carpinus betulus ‘Fastigiata’, Elaeocarpus reticulatus (in grass verge or footpath cut outs)

Proposed species - under powerlines

Syzygium smithii ‘Minor’, Cercis siliquastrum

This section is defined by commercial activities, and has a distinctly urban atmosphere. A connection with CBD species would help create a gateway.

Proposed species

Zelkova serrata ‘Musashino’ (in footpath)

Proposed species - under powerlines

Tristaniopsis laurina, Magnolia grandiflora ‘Teddy Bear’

Talbot road

Wellington street - between Canning st and Midland Hwy

Figure 50: Talbot road

Figure 51: Wellington street, City of Launceston

Wellington Street - between Hobart Rd and Midland Hwy

This section of Wellington Street presents a residential character changing to commercial in the north. Verges are a mixture of fully paved footpath and grass verge. There is a possibility of road median tree planting in strategic locations accounting for intersections and driveways.

Proposed species

Zelkova serrata ‘Green Vase’ (in median between Lithgow and Westbury)

Quercus palustris ‘Pringreen’ - Green Pillar, Betula nigra ‘BNMTF’ Dura Heat (in grass verge/ embankment)

Proposed species - under powerlines

Lagerstroemia indica, Tristaniopsis laurina (btw Vernon and Midland Hwy - other section too narrow). Requires concrete tree pits to be cut.

Significant opportunity for large tree planting in road median (section south Forest Road has powerlines - small trees only). Many sections are wide road reserve/ swale areas.

Proposed species

Allocasuarina verticillata, Eucalyptus spathulata, Eucalyptus robusta ‘Matong’, Eucalyptus crenulata (median and road reserve edges) , Corymbia maculata ‘Gamai’ (grass verge), Banksia serrata

Proposed species - under powerlines

Banksia marginata, Hakea laurina, Corymbia citriodora ‘Babycit’, Syzygium australe ‘Select’ (including median with powerlines)

West Tamar Highway

Figure 52: Wellington street, City of Launceston

Figure 53: West Tamar Highway

Westbury Road - between Wellington St and Prospect Rd

This section offers very narrow footpath and carriageway, grassed road edges offer opportunities for planting after carriageway.

Proposed species

Liriodendron tulipifera, Corymbia maculata ‘Gamai’, Callistemon salignus

Proposed species - under powerlines

Corymbia citriodora ‘Babycit’, Syzygium smithii ‘Minor’

Westbury Road - between Prospect Rd and Oakden Rd

Verge space is limited. There is potential for median tree planting in strategic locations, subject to intersections and driveway access.

Proposed species

Liriodendron tulipifera, Corymbia maculata ‘Gamai’, Pyrus calleryana (in median)

Proposed species - under powerlines

Callistemon vimialis ‘Kings Park Special’, Corymbia citriodora ‘Babycit’, Syzygium smithii ‘Minor’

Figure 54: Westbury road

Figure 55: Westbury road

Figure 56: Artist’s impression of Invermay road showing greening opportunities along median and side road. Existing situation pictured above

3.9 Street Typologies

In Launceston, street tree typologies are developed according to verge width, ensuring that the available space is matched with appropriate tree species for maximum canopy cover and urban greening benefits. Planting a small tree on a wide verge misses the opportunity to increase shade and tree-related benefits, while using a tree that’s too large for a narrow verge can cause maintenance issues and pose hazards to infrastructure and users.

Typical verge widths are estimated from site inspections and are used to allocate suitable tree species. The verge refers to the area spanning from the edge of the footpath to the back of the kerb. For each typology, species are designated for both the powerline and non-powerline sides of the street. Where feasible, the Council will collaborate with utilities to upgrade power infrastructure (e.g., undergrounding or bundling cables) and consider reallocating road space to widen verges for tree planting.

Selection of trees for these typologies aims to choose species whose mature size fits the available space, helping to avoid future damage to footpaths, roads, and utilities and ensuring safe pedestrian and vehicle movement. Maximising canopy size remains a core objective to deliver shade, cleaner air, and reduced urban heat. By balancing species selection and planting locations, the STMP seeks to minimise infrastructure conflicts and maximise the benefits of a robust urban forest.

Verge Width Description

Small <1m verge

Small-medium

1 to 2m verge

Medium-large

2m to 4m verge

Large >4m verge

Road reserves

Tree pits

Roundabouts

These streets will be assessed on a case-by-case basis for planting due to their small size. The heights of trees selected for these locations will generally range between 3m and 8m.

Trees selected for these locations will generally have heights ranging from 4 to 12m.

The trees selected for these locations will generally range between 8 to 18m in height.

Trees selected for this category be large tree species that will generally range between 14m and 20m in height.

These locations will be assessed on a case-by-case basis for planting and may include more than one row of trees on each verge. Trees selected for this category will range between 14m and 25m in height.

These are planting areas surrounded by pavement. Trees selected for this category will generally range between 6 and12m depending on the size of the tree pit.

Plant selection and placement must maintain clear sight lines for drivers and pedestrians, especially in the central island where mature trees can be placed on larger roundabouts, and low ground covers are preferred on arterial roads to ensure optimal visibility.

Table 7: Classifications of road verge widths and respective sized trees for planting

3.9.1 Small verge <1m verge

These are small verges where there is limited space for large trees. Species selection for this typology will focus on specifying small trees with upright canopy to avoid conflicts with vehicular and pedestrian movements.

Objectives

• Introduce canopy in highly constrained streetscapes.

• Avoid conflicts with driveways, footpaths, and services.

• Use species with minimal root and canopy spread.

• Improve microclimate and street character where possible.

Figure 58: Small verge

Figure 59: Typical street profile with a small verge showing proposed tree size

Species selection for small verge

Acer buergerianum Trident Maple Sapindaceae

Arbutus unedo Irish Strawberry Tree Ericaceae

Banksia marginata Silver Banksia Myrtaceae

Callistemon vimialis ' Kings Park Special' Kings Park Bottlebrush (+ Cultivars)

Carpinus betulus 'Fastigiata' Upright European Hornbeam

Cercis canadensis Eastern Redbud ( 'Forest Pansy')

Cercis siliquastrum Judas Tree

Corymbia citriodora ' Babycit ' Baby Cit LemonScented Gum

Dodonaea viscosa Hop-Bush Sapindaceae

Elaeocarpus eumundi Eumundi Quandong Elaeocarpaceae

4-6m 4-6m Evergreen

3-5m 3-4m Evergreen

5-8m 4-6m Deciduous

6-8m 4-6m Evergreen

Elaeocarpus reticulatus Blueberry Ash Elaeocarpaceae Native 6-10m 3-5m Evergreen

Eucalyptus pulverulenta ' Baby Blue' Baby Blue Gum Myrtaceae Native 3-4m 2-3m Evergreen

Lagerstroemia indica Crepe Myrtle (+ Hybrids) Lythraceae Exotic 4-6m 3-4m Deciduous

Leptospermum laevigatum Coastal Tea-Tree Myrtaceae Native 3-5m 3-5m Evergreen

Magnolia grandiflora ' Teddy Bear' Teddy Bear Magnolia Magnoliaceae Exotic 3-5m 2-4m Evergreen

Melaleuca armillaris Bracelet Honey Myrtle Myrtaceae Native 6-8m 4-6m Evergreen

Ozothamnus ferrugineus Tree Everlasting Asteraceae Native 2-5m 2-4m Evergreen

Photinia glabra ‘ Robusta’ Photinia ‘Robusta’ Rosaceae Exotic 3-5m 2-3m Evergreen

Pittosporum bicolor Bicolour Kohuhu / Cheesewood Pittosporaceae Tasmanian native 4-6m 3-5m Evergreen

Pittosporum eugenioides ' Variegatum' Variegated Lemonwood Pittosporaceae Exotic 4-6m 3-5m Evergreen

Pomaderris apetala Common Dogwood / Native Hazel Rhamnaceae Native 5-6m 3-5m Evergreen

Tristaniopsis laurina ' Luscious' Water Gum Myrtaceae Native 6-10m 4-6m Evergreen

3.9.2 Small to medium verge - 1m to 2m wide

These verges are common in older suburbs and provide enough room for modest canopy development. They strike a balance between available space and planting potential, requiring careful species selection to minimise maintenance issues.

Objectives

• Establish consistent tree planting in narrow but viable spaces.

• Provide moderate shade and visual relief for pedestrians.

• Minimise pruning and infrastructure conflicts through form-appropriate species.

• Increase diversity using small to medium species adapted to urban stress.

Figure 60: Small verge

Figure 61: Typical street profile with a small verge showing proposed tree size

Species selection for small to medium verges

Botanical

Acer buergerianum Trident Maple Sapindaceae Exotic 6-8m 5-7m Deciduous

Acer campestre 'Elsrijk' Field Maple Sapindaceae Exotic 6-8m 6-8m Deciduous

Acer rubrum 'October Glory' Red Maple Sapindaceae Exotic 10-12m 7-10m Deciduous

Acer freemanii 'Autumn Blaze' 'Autumn Blaze' Maple Sapindaceae

Allocasuarina littoralis Black She-Oak Casuarinaceae

10-12m 7-10m Deciduous

8-10m 3-5m Evergreen

Arbutus unedo Irish Strawberry Tree Ericaceae Exotic 4-6m 4-6m Evergreen

Banksia serrata Old Man Banksia Proteaceae Native 8-10m 6-8m Evergreen

Betula nigra ' BNMTF' Dura Heat™ Silver Birch Betulaceae Exotic 8-10m 4-7m Deciduous

Brachychiton populneus Kurrajong (+ Cultivars) Malvaceae

8-10m 3-4m Evergreen

Callistemon vimialis ' Kings Park Special' Kings Park Bottlebrush (+ Cultivars) Myrtaceae Native 3-6m 2-3m Evergreen

Callistemon salignus Weeping Bottlebrush (Tree Form) Myrtaceae Native 5-8m 3-5m Evergreen

Callistemon viminalis Weeping Bottlebrush Myrtaceae Native 5-7m 3-5m Evergreen

Carpinus betulus European Hornbeam Betulaceae Exotic 8-10m 4-8m Deciduous

Carpinus betulus ' Fastigiata' Upright European Hornbeam Betulaceae Exotic 8-10m 3-5m Deciduous

Cercis canadensis Eastern Redbud ('Forest Pansy')

Cercis siliquastrum Judas Tree

5-8m 4-6m Deciduous

5-6m 4-6m Deciduous

Corymbia citriodora ' Scentuous' Scentuous LemonScented Gum Myrtaceae Native 6-8m 3-5m Evergreen

Corymbia eximia 'nanna' Dwarf Yellow Bloodwood Myrtaceae Native 6-8m 4-6m Evergreen

Corymbia maculata ' Gamai' 'Gamai' Spotted Gum Myrtaceae Native 10-12m 6-8m Evergreen

Elaeocarpus eumundi Eumundi Quandong Elaeocarpaceae Native 6-8m 4-6m Evergreen

Elaeocarpus reticulatus Blueberry Ash Elaeocarpaceae Native 6-10m 3-5m Evergreen

Eucalyptus leucoxylon subsp. ' Megalocarpa' Yellow Gum (Incl. Pink-Flowering Forms) Myrtaceae Native 10-12m 6-8m Evergreen

Botanical name

Eucalyptus leucoxylon ' Euky Dwarf' Dwarf Yellow Gum Myrtaceae Native 6-8m 4-6m Evergreen

Eucalyptus mannifera ' Little Spotty' Little Spotty Brittlegum Myrtaceae Native 6-8m 3-5m Evergreen

Eucalyptus pulverulenta ' Baby Blue' Baby Blue Gum Myrtaceae Native 3-4m 2-3m Evergreen

Eucalyptus risdonii Risdon Peppermint Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 6-8m 4-6m Evergreen

Eucalyptus spathulata Swamp Mallet Myrtaceae Native 6-10m 4-6m Evergreen

Eucalyptus torquata Coral Gum Myrtaceae Native 6-8m 2-4m Evergreen

Fraxinus americana ' Spartacus' Spartacus White Ash Oleaceae Exotic 10-14m 6-8m Deciduous

Fraxinus pennsylvanica ' Cimmzam' Cimmaron Ash Oleaceae Exotic 10-12m 6-8m Deciduous

Fraxinus pennsylvanica ' Urbdell' Urbanite Ash Oleaceae Exotic 10-12m 6-8m Deciduous

Geijera parviflora Wilga / Australian Willow Rutaceae Native 6-12m 4-6m Evergreen

Hakea laurina Pincushion Hakea Proteaceae Native 3-5m 3-4m Evergreen

Koelreuteria paniculata Golden Rain Tree Sapindaceae Exotic 6-8m 5-7m Deciduous

Lagerstroemia indica Crepe Myrtle (+ Hybrids) Lythraceae Exotic 4-6m 3-4m Deciduous

Leptospermum laevigatum Coastal Tea-Tree Myrtaceae Native 3-5m 3-5m Evergreen

Leptospermum petersonii Lemon-Scented TeaTree Myrtaceae Native 4-8m 3-5m Evergreen

Magnolia champaca Golden Champaca Magnoliaceae Exotic 8-12m 6-8m Evergreen

Malus spectabilis Chinese Crabapple Rosaceae Exotic 4-6m 3-5m Deciduous

Malus tschonoskii Crab Apple Rosaceae Exotic 6-8m 3-4m Deciduous

Melaleuca armillaris Bracelet Honey Myrtle Myrtaceae Native 6-8m 4-6m Evergreen

Melaleuca linariifolia (+ cultivars) Snow In Summer Myrtaceae Native 6-10m 4-6m Evergreen

Melaleuca styphelioides Prickly Paperbark Myrtaceae Native 6-10m 4-6m Evergreen

Melia azedarach (fruitless cultivar) White Cedar Meliaceae Native 6-10m 5-8m Deciduous

Nyssa sylvatica ' NXSXF' Forum™ Black Gum / Tupelo Nyssaceae Exotic 8-10m 5-8m Deciduous

Parrotia persica Persian Ironwood (+ Cultivars) Hamamelidaceae Exotic 6-8m 4-6m Deciduous

Botanical name

Pistacia chinensis Chinese Pistachio Anacardiaceae Exotic 8-10m 6-8m Deciduous

Pomaderris apetala Common Dogwood / Native Hazel Rhamnaceae Native 5-6m 3-5m Evergreen

Pyrus calleryana Ornamental Pear (+ Cultivars) Rosaceae Exotic 9-12m 3-7m Deciduous

Quercus palustris ' Pringreen' - Green Pillar Green Pillar Oak Fagaceae Exotic 10-14m 2-3m Deciduous

Sophora microphylla Kowhai Fabaceae Exotic 6-10m 4-6m Deciduous

Syzygium australe Lilly Pilly (+ Cultivars) Myrtaceae Native 4-8m 3-5m Evergreen

Syzygium australe ' Select' Select Lilly Pilly Myrtaceae Native 4-8m 3-5m Evergreen

Syzygium smithii ' Minor' Dwarf Lilly Pilly Myrtaceae Native 3-6m 2-4m Evergreen

Tilia cordata ' Greenspire’ Greenspire’ Lime Malvaceae Exotic 8-10m 6-8m Deciduous

Tristaniopsis laurina (inc. ' Luscious') Water Gum Myrtaceae Native 6-10m 4-6m Evergreen

Zelkova serrata ' Musashino' Japanese Elm Ulmaceae Exotic 10-12m 6-10m Deciduous

Zelkova serrata ' Green Vase' Japanese Zelkova Ulmaceae Exotic 10-15m 6-10m Deciduous

3.9.3 Medium to large verge - 2m to 4m wide

These medium to large verge width ranging from 2 to 4 meters were observed in numerous locations around the LGA. They offer significant opportunities for tree planting and increased canopy. This wider verge allows for the selection of larger tree species with broad canopies and larger root volumes.

Objectives

• Maximise canopy cover and shade where space allows.

• Enhance walkability and cooling of residential and collector streets.

• Support a broader palette of resilient, climate-ready species.

• Improve long-term tree health through better soil and root volume.

Figure 63: Typical street profile with a medium to large verge showing proposed tree size

Figure 62: Small verge

Species selection for medium to large verge

Botanical name

Acacia pendula Weeping Myall Fabaceae Native 6-10m 4-6m Evergreen

Acer campestre ' Elsrijk' Field Maple Sapindaceae Exotic 6-8m 6-8m Deciduous

Acer rubrum ' October Glory' Red Maple Sapindaceae Exotic 10-12m 7-10m Deciduous

Acer freemanii 'Autumn Blaze' 'Autumn Blaze' Maple Sapindaceae Exotic 10-12m 7-10m Deciduous

Acer truncatum Shantung Maple Sapindaceae Exotic 6-8m 5-8m Deciduous

Allocasuarina torulosa Forest Oak / Rose She-Oak Casuarinaceae Native 8-15m 4-8m Evergreen

Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping She-Oak Casuarinaceae Tasmanian native 8-10m 4-6m Evergreen

Angophora costata Sydney Red Gum Myrtaceae Native 12-18m 8-12m Evergreen

Betula nigra ' BNMTF' Dura Heat™ Silver Birch Betulaceae Exotic 8-10m 4-7m Deciduous

Brachychiton populneus Kurrajong (+ Cultivars) Malvaceae Native 8-10m 3-4m Evergreen

Carpinus betulus European Hornbeam Betulaceae Exotic 8-10m 4-8m Deciduous

Casuarina cunninghamiana River She-Oak Casuarinaceae Native 12-20m 6-10m Evergreen

Catalpa bignonioides (inc. 'nana') Southern Catalpa / Indian Bean Tree Bignoniaceae Exotic 6-10m 6-8m Deciduous

Corymbia citriodora ' Babycit ' Baby Cit LemonScented Gum Myrtaceae Native 5-6m 4-6m Evergreen

Corymbia citriodora 'Scentuous' Scentuous LemonScented Gum Myrtaceae Native 6-8m 3-5m Evergreen

Corymbia eximia 'nanna' Dwarf Yellow Bloodwood Myrtaceae Native 6-8m 4-6m Evergreen

Corymbia ficifolia Red Flowering Gum Myrtaceae Native 8-12m 6-8m Evergreen

Davidia involucrata Dove Tree / Handkerchief Tree Nyssaceae Exotic 8-12m 6-8m Deciduous

Eucalyptus cinerea Argyle Apple / Silver Dollar Gum Myrtaceae Native 8-15m 6-10m Evergreen

Eucalyptus cordata Heart-Leaf Silver Gum Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 8-12m 6-8m Evergreen

Botanical name

Eucalyptus crenulata Buxton Gum / Silver Gum Myrtaceae Native 8-12m 4-6m Evergreen

Eucalyptus gunnii Cider Gum Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 10-15m 6-10m Evergreen

Eucalyptus leucoxylon subsp. 'Megalocarpa' Yellow Gum (Incl. Pink-Flowering Forms) Myrtaceae Native 10-12m 6-8m Evergreen

Eucalyptus nicholii Narrow-Leaved Black Peppermint Myrtaceae Native 8-12m 4-6m Evergreen

Eucalyptus ovata Swamp Gum Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 12-15m 8-12m Evergreen

Eucalyptus pulchella White Peppermint Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 10-15m 4-6m Evergreen

Eucalyptus risdonii Risdon Peppermint Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 6-8m 4-6m Evergreen

Eucalyptus robusta ' Matong' Matong Swamp Mahogany Myrtaceae Native 12-15m 6-8m Evergreen

Eucalyptus sideroxylon 'Rosea' Red Ironbark Myrtaceae Native 10-15m 6-8m Evergreen

Eucalyptus spathulata Swamp Mallet Myrtaceae Native 6-10m 4-6m Evergreen

Fraxinus americana ' Spartacus' Spartacus White Ash Oleaceae Exotic 10-14m 6-8m Deciduous

Fraxinus ornus Manna Ash Oleaceae Exotic 10-14m 1012m Deciduous

Fraxinus pennsylvanica ' Cimmzam' Cimmaron Ash Oleaceae Exotic 10-12m 6-8m Deciduous

Fraxinus pennsylvanica ' Urbdell' Urbanite Ash Oleaceae Exotic 10-12m 6-8m Deciduous

Geijera parviflora Wilga / Australian Willow Rutaceae Native 6-12m 4-6m Evergreen

Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo / Maidenhair Tree Ginkgoaceae Exotic 10-15m 6-10m Deciduous

Koelreuteria paniculata Golden Rain Tree Sapindaceae Exotic 6-8m 5-7m Deciduous

Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip Tree Magnoliaceae Exotic 12-16m 8-15m Deciduous

Lophostemon confertus Brush Box / Queensland Box Myrtaceae Native 10-15m 6-12m Evergreen

Melia azedarach (fruitless cultivar) White Cedar Meliaceae Native 6-10m 5-8m Deciduous

Nyssa sylvatica ' NXSXF' Forum™ Black Gum / Tupelo Nyssaceae Exotic 8-10m 5-8m Deciduous

Parrotia persica Persian Ironwood (+ Cultivars) Hamamelidaceae Exotic 6-8m 4-6m Deciduous

Platanus x acerifolia ' Bloodgood' Bloodgood' Plane Tree Platanaceae Exotic 12-15m 6-10m Deciduous

Botanical name

Populus simonii Simons Poplar Salicaceae Exotic 15-18m 6-8m Deciduous

Pyrus calleryana Ornamental Pear (+ Cultivars) Rosaceae Exotic 9-12m 3-7m Deciduous

Quercus bicolor Swamp White Oak Fagaceae Exotic 12-18m 1012m Deciduous

Quercus ilex Holm Oak Fagaceae Exotic 10-15m 8-12m Evergreen

Quercus palustris 'Pringreen' - Green Pillar Green Pillar Oak Fagaceae Exotic 10-14m 2-3m Deciduous

Tilia americana American Linden / Basswood Malvaceae Exotic 10-14m 8-12m Deciduous

Tilia cordata Small-Leaved Lime Malvaceae Exotic 12-16m 8-12m Deciduous

Tilia cordata ' Greenspire’ Greenspire’ Lime Malvaceae Exotic 8-10m 6-8m Deciduous

Tilia × europaea European Linden / Lime Malvaceae Exotic 12-18m 8-12m Deciduous

Ulmus americana ' Valley Forge' American Elm Ulmaceae Exotic 15-20m 1015m Deciduous

Ulmus davidiana var. japonica x pumila ' Sapporo Autumn Gold' Sapporo Autumn Gold Elm Ulmaceae Exotic 12-15m 8-10m Deciduous

Ulmus davidiana David’s Elm Ulmaceae Exotic 10-15m 8-10m Deciduous

Ulmus parvifolia ' Todd' Chinese Elm Ulmaceae Exotic 8-10m 8-10m Semideciduous

Zelkova serrata ' Musashino' Japanese Elm Ulmaceae Exotic 10-12m 6-10m Deciduous

Zelkova serrata ' Green Vase' Japanese Zelkova Ulmaceae Exotic 10-15m 6-10m Deciduous

3.9.4 Large verge >4m verge

Large verges in excess of 4m offer exceptional opportunity for large tree planting. They are generally located on arterial streets with deep setbacks from the kerb. This expansive verge allows for the selection of iconic larger tree species that will define the character of the area. These generous verges offer the chance to incorporate additional green infrastructure elements, such as rain gardens or bioswales, further enhancing the environmental benefits of the urban forest.

Objectives

• Establish prominent, largecanopy street trees with high visual and environmental impact.

• Enable long-term tree growth without constraint.

• Create opportunities for passive irrigation and WSUD elements.

• Enhance biodiversity and urban forest structure.

Figure 64: Large verge

Figure 65: Typical street profile with a large verge showing proposed tree size

Species selection for large verges

Botanical name

Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood Fabaceae Tasmanian native 10-15m 6-10m Evergreen

Acacia pendula Weeping Myall Fabaceae Native 6-10m 4-6m Evergreen

Acer rubrum Red Maple (+ Cultivars 'Autumn Blaze') Sapindaceae Exotic 10-12m 7-10m Deciduous

Acer truncatum Shantung Maple Sapindaceae Exotic 6-8m 5-8m Deciduous

Allocasuarina torulosa Forest Oak / Rose She-Oak Casuarinaceae Native 8-15m 4-8m Evergreen

Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping She-Oak Casuarinaceae Tasmanian native 8-10m 4-6m Evergreen

Angophora costata Sydney Red Gum Myrtaceae Native 12-18m 8-12m Evergreen

Casuarina cunninghamiana River She-Oak Casuarinaceae Native 12-20m 6-10m Evergreen

Catalpa bignonioides (inc. 'nana') Southern Catalpa / Indian Bean Tree Bignoniaceae Exotic 6-10m 6-8m Deciduous

Celtis australis Nettle Tree Cannabaceae Exotic 12-16m 8-12m Deciduous

Corymbia ficifolia Red Flowering Gum Myrtaceae Native 8-12m 6-8m Evergreen

Corymbia maculata Spotted Gum Myrtaceae Native 18-25m 8-12m Evergreen

Eucalyptus amygdalina Black Peppermint Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 12-18m 8-12m Evergreen

Eucalyptus cinerea Argyle Apple / Silver Dollar Gum Myrtaceae Native 8-15m 6-10m Evergreen

Eucalyptus cordata Heart-Leaf Silver Gum Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 8-12m 6-8m Evergreen

Eucalyptus crenulata Buxton Gum / Silver Gum Myrtaceae Native 8-12m 4-6m Evergreen

Eucalyptus dalrympleana Mountain Gum Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 15-20m 8-12m Evergreen

Eucalyptus gunnii Cider Gum Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 10-15m 6-10m Evergreen

Eucalyptus mannifera Brittle Gum Myrtaceae Native 10-18m 6-10m Evergreen

Eucalyptus ovata Swamp Gum Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 12-15m 8-12m Evergreen

Botanical name

Eucalyptus pauciflora Snow Gum (Incl. 'Little Snowman') Myrtaceae Native 8-15m 6-10m Evergreen

Eucalyptus pulchella White Peppermint Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 10-15m 4-6m Evergreen

Eucalyptus robusta 'Matong' Matong Swamp Mahogany Myrtaceae Native 12-15m 6-8m Evergreen

Eucalyptus rubida Candlebark Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 12-18m 8-12m Evergreen

Eucalyptus sideroxylon 'Rosea' Red Ironbark Myrtaceae Native 10-15m 6-8m Evergreen

Eucalyptus viminalis Manna / White Gum Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 18-20m 12-18m Evergreen

Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo / Maidenhair Tree Ginkgoaceae Exotic 10-15m 6-10m Deciduous

Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum (+ Cultivars) Altingiaceae Exotic 15-20m 8-12m Deciduous

Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip Tree Magnoliaceae Exotic 12-16m 8-15m Deciduous

Platanus x acerifolia 'Bloodgood' Bloodgood' Plane Tree Platanaceae Exotic 12-15m 6-10m Deciduous

Populus simonii Simons Poplar Salicaceae Exotic 15-18m 6-8m Deciduous

Quercus bicolor Swamp White Oak Fagaceae Exotic 12-18m 10-12m Deciduous

Quercus canariensis Algerian Oak Fagaceae Exotic 12-19m 10-13m Deciduous

Quercus cerris Turkey Oak Fagaceae Exotic 12-18m 10-14m Deciduous

Quercus coccinea Scarlet Oak Fagaceae Exotic 15-18m 10-12m Deciduous

Quercus garryana Garry Oak / Oregon White Oak Fagaceae Exotic 15-20m 10-15m Deciduous

Quercus ilex Holm Oak Fagaceae Exotic 10-15m 8-12m Evergreen

Quercus palustris Pin Oak Fagaceae Exotic 15-18m 10-12m Deciduous

Quercus robur English Oak Fagaceae Exotic 15-18m 12-16m Deciduous

Quercus rubra Northern Red Oak Fagaceae Exotic 15-18m 10-15m Deciduous

Quercus × bimundorum Hybrid White Oak Fagaceae Exotic 10-15m 8-10m Deciduous

Tilia americana

American Linden / Basswood Malvaceae Exotic 10-14m 8-12m Deciduous

Tilia × europaea European Linden / Lime Malvaceae Exotic 12-18m 8-12m Deciduous

Ulmus americana ' Valley Forge' American Elm Ulmaceae Exotic 15-20m 10-15m Deciduous

Ulmus davidiana David’s Elm Ulmaceae Exotic 10-15m 8-10m Deciduous

Ulmus minor Field Elm Ulmaceae Exotic 15-20m 10-15m Deciduous

Ulmus parvifolia 'Todd' Chinese Elm Ulmaceae Exotic 8-10m 8-10m Semideciduous

Ulmus procera English Elm Ulmaceae Exotic 16-20m 12-14m Deciduous

Zelkova serrata Japanese Zelkova Ulmaceae Exotic 10-15m 6-10m Deciduous

3.9.5 Road reserves

Road reserves offer significant opportunity for establishing canopy. Taking advantage of the abundant space available, road reserves exceeding can be transformed into vibrant green corridors with multiple rows of trees. These areas hold the opportunity to not only increase canopy and improve the streetscape but also promote biodiversity, collect, and mitigate the effects of stormwater, and enhance community well-being.

Objectives

• Create green corridors with multiple tree rows where feasible.

• Significantly boost canopy coverage across the broader street network.

• Integrate stormwater management and biodiversity outcomes.

• Ensure alignment with future transport, access, and infrastructure planning.

Figure 66: Road Reserve

Figure 67: Typical street profile with a road reserve showing proposed tree size

Species selection for road reserves

Botanical name

Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood Fabaceae Tasmanian native 10-15m 6-10m Evergreen

Allocasuarina littoralis Black She-Oak Casuarinaceae Native 8-10m 3-5m Evergreen

Allocasuarina torulosa Forest Oak / Rose She-Oak Casuarinaceae Native 8-15m 4-8m Evergreen

Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping She-Oak Casuarinaceae Tasmanian native 8-10m 4-6m Evergreen

Angophora costata Sydney Red Gum Myrtaceae Native 12-18m 8-12m Evergreen

Casuarina cunninghamiana River She-Oak Casuarinaceae Native 12-20m 6-10m Evergreen

Corymbia maculata Spotted Gum Myrtaceae Native 18-25m 8-12m Evergreen

Eucalyptus cinerea Argyle Apple / Silver Dollar Gum Myrtaceae Native 8-15m 6-10m Evergreen

Eucalyptus dalrympleana Mountain Gum Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 15-20m 8-12m Evergreen

Eucalyptus gunnii Cider Gum Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 10-15m 6-10m Evergreen

Eucalyptus ovata Swamp Gum Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 12-15m 8-12m Evergreen

Eucalyptus pauciflora Snow Gum (Incl. 'Little Snowman') Myrtaceae Native 8-15m 6-10m Evergreen

Eucalyptus pulchella White Peppermint Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 10-15m 4-6m Evergreen

Eucalyptus rubida Candlebark Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 12-18m 8-12m Evergreen

Eucalyptus sideroxylon 'Rosea' Red Ironbark Myrtaceae Native 10-15m 6-8m Evergreen

Eucalyptus viminalis Manna / White Gum Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 18-20m 12-18m Evergreen

Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum (+ Cultivars) Altingiaceae Exotic 15-20m 8-12m Deciduous

Quercus canariensis Algerian Oak Fagaceae Exotic 12-19m 10-13m Deciduous

Quercus cerris Turkey Oak Fagaceae Exotic 12-18m 10-14m Deciduous

Quercus garryana Garry Oak / Oregon White Oak Fagaceae Exotic 15-20m 10-15m Deciduous

Quercus ilex Holm Oak Fagaceae Exotic 10-15m 8-12m Evergreen

Quercus palustris Pin Oak Fagaceae Exotic 15-18m 10-12m Deciduous

Quercus robur English Oak Fagaceae Exotic 15-18m 12-16m Deciduous

Quercus rubra Northern Red Oak Fagaceae Exotic 15-18m 10-15m Deciduous

Ulmus minor Field Elm Ulmaceae Exotic 15-20m 10-15m Deciduous

Ulmus procera English Elm Ulmaceae Exotic 16-20m 12-14m Deciduous

3.9.6 Tree pits

Tree pits are found mostly in Town Centres and CBD areas. They are in areas that are fully paved were grass verges are not an option. Tree pits vary in size greatly but are generally confined space for trees to grow with the likelihood of compacted surrounding soils being high. Tree species selected for these locations will need to be highly robust and well adapted to urban situations. They will generally be deciduous species to allow for solar access in these urban areas.

Objectives

• Provide shade and greenery in fully paved town centres and commercial areas.

• Select species that tolerate compacted soils and limited rooting space.

• Maintain sight lines, access, and commercial frontage visibility.

• Support seasonal solar access and contribute to urban character.

Figure 68: Tree pits

Figure 69: Typical street profile with a tree pit showing proposed tree size

Species selection for tree pits

Botanical name

Acer buergerianum Trident Maple Sapindaceae Exotic 6-8m 5-7m Deciduous

Acer campestre ' Elsrijk ' Field Maple Sapindaceae Exotic 6-8m 6-8m Deciduous

Acer rubrum ' October Glory' Red Maple Sapindaceae Exotic 10-12m 7-10m Deciduous

Acer freemanii 'Autumn Blaze' 'Autumn Blaze' Maple Sapindaceae

Acer truncatum Shantung Maple Sapindaceae

10-12m 7-10m Deciduous

6-8m 5-8m Deciduous

Allocasuarina littoralis Black She-Oak Casuarinaceae Native 8-10m 3-5m Evergreen

Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping She-Oak Casuarinaceae Tasmanian native 8-10m 4-6m Evergreen

Arbutus unedo Irish Strawberry Tree Ericaceae Exotic 4-6m 4-6m Evergreen

Banksia marginata Silver Banksia Myrtaceae Native 3-5m 3-4m Evergreen

Brachychiton populneus Kurrajong (+ Cultivars) Malvaceae

Callistemon vimialis ' Kings Park Special' Kings Park Bottlebrush (+ Cultivars) Myrtaceae

Callistemon salignus Weeping Bottlebrush (Tree Form) Myrtaceae

Callistemon viminalis Weeping Bottlebrush Myrtaceae

8-10m 3-4m Evergreen

3-6m 2-3m Evergreen

5-8m 3-5m Evergreen

5-7m 3-5m Evergreen

Carpinus betulus European Hornbeam Betulaceae Exotic 8-10m 4-8m Deciduous

Carpinus betulus ' Fastigiata' Upright European Hornbeam Betulaceae Exotic 8-10m 3-5m Deciduous

Cercis canadensis Eastern Redbud ( 'Forest Pansy') Fabaceae Exotic 5-8m 4-6m Deciduous

Cercis siliquastrum Judas Tree Fabaceae Exotic 5-6m 4-6m Deciduous

Corymbia citriodora ' Babycit' Baby Cit LemonScented Gum Myrtaceae

Corymbia citriodora ' Scentuous' Scentuous LemonScented Gum Myrtaceae

5-6m 4-6m Evergreen

6-8m 3-5m Evergreen

Corymbia eximia 'nanna' Dwarf Yellow Bloodwood Myrtaceae Native 6-8m 4-6m Evergreen

Dodonaea viscosa Hop-Bush Sapindaceae Native 2-4m 2-3m Evergreen

Botanical name

Elaeocarpus reticulatus Blueberry Ash Elaeocarpaceae Native 6-10m 3-5m Evergreen

Eucalyptus leucoxylon ' Euky Dwarf' Dwarf Yellow Gum Myrtaceae Native 6-8m 4-6m Evergreen

Eucalyptus pulverulenta ' Baby Blue' Baby Blue Gum Myrtaceae Native 3-4m 2-3m Evergreen

Eucalyptus torquata Coral Gum Myrtaceae Native 6-8m 2-4m Evergreen

Fraxinus americana ' Spartacus' Spartacus White Ash Oleaceae Exotic 10-14m 6-8m Deciduous

Fraxinus pennsylvanica ' Cimmzam' Cimmaron Ash Oleaceae Exotic 10-12m 6-8m Deciduous

Fraxinus pennsylvanica ' Urbdell' Urbanite Ash Oleaceae Exotic 10-12m 6-8m Deciduous

Geijera parviflora Wilga / Australian Willow Rutaceae Native 6-12m 4-6m Evergreen

Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo / Maidenhair Tree Ginkgoaceae Exotic 10-15m 6-10m Deciduous

Hakea laurina Pincushion Hakea Proteaceae Native 3-5m 3-4m Evergreen

Koelreuteria paniculata Golden Rain Tree Sapindaceae Exotic 6-8m 5-7m Deciduous

Lagerstroemia indica Crepe Myrtle (+ Hybrids) Lythraceae Exotic 4-6m 3-4m Deciduous

Leptospermum laevigatum Coastal Tea-Tree Myrtaceae Native 3-5m 3-5m Evergreen

Leptospermum petersonii Lemon-Scented TeaTree Myrtaceae Native 4-8m 3-5m Evergreen

Lophostemon confertus Brush Box / Queensland Box Myrtaceae Native 10-15m 6-12m Evergreen

Magnolia champaca Golden Champaca Magnoliaceae Exotic 8-12m 6-8m Evergreen

Magnolia grandiflora ' Teddy Bear' Teddy Bear Magnolia Magnoliaceae Exotic 3-5m 2-4m Evergreen

Malus spectabilis Chinese Crabapple Rosaceae Exotic 4-6m 3-5m Deciduous

Malus tschonoskii Crab Apple Rosaceae Exotic 6-8m 3-4m Deciduous

Melaleuca armillaris Bracelet Honey Myrtle Myrtaceae Native 6-8m 4-6m Evergreen

Melaleuca linariifolia (+ cultivars) Snow In Summer Myrtaceae Native 6-10m 4-6m Evergreen

Pittosporum bicolor Bicolour Kohuhu / Cheesewood Pittosporaceae Tasmanian native 4-6m 3-5m Evergreen

Pittosporum eugenioides 'Variegatum' Variegated Lemonwood Pittosporaceae Exotic 4-6m 3-5m Evergreen

Platanus x acerifolia 'Bloodgood' Bloodgood' Plane Tree Platanaceae Exotic 12-15m 6-10m Deciduous

Pomaderris apetala Common Dogwood / Native Hazel Rhamnaceae Native 5-6m 3-5m Evergreen

Pyrus calleryana Ornamental Pear (+ Cultivars) Rosaceae Exotic 9-12m 3-7m Deciduous

Syzygium australe Lilly Pilly (+ Cultivars) Myrtaceae Native 4-8m 3-5m Evergreen

Syzygium australe 'Select' Select Lilly Pilly Myrtaceae Native 4-8m 3-5m Evergreen

Syzygium smithii 'Minor' Dwarf Lilly Pilly Myrtaceae Native 3-6m 2-4m Evergreen

Tristaniopsis laurina (inc. 'Luscious') Water Gum Myrtaceae Native 6-10m 4-6m Evergreen

Tilia cordata 'Greenspire’ Greenspire’ Lime Malvaceae Exotic 8-10m 6-8m Deciduous

Ulmus davidiana var. japonica x pumila ' Sapporo Autumn Gold' Sapporo Autumn Gold Elm Ulmaceae

Ulmus davidiana David’s Elm Ulmaceae

12-15m 8-10m Deciduous

10-15m 8-10m Deciduous

Ulmus parvifolia ' Todd' Chinese Elm Ulmaceae Exotic 8-10m 8-10m Semideciduous

Zelkova serrata ' Musashino' Japanese Elm Ulmaceae Exotic 10-12m 6-10m Deciduous

Zelkova serrata ' Green Vase' Japanese Zelkova Ulmaceae

10-15m 6-10m Deciduous Botanical

3.9.7 Roundabouts

Roundabouts offer opportunities to integrate planting that enhances safety, visibility, and character. Understorey planting and strategically placed trees can signal intersections as low-speed environments while improving streetscape quality. Larger roundabouts may accommodate mature trees in central islands, while local roads can support medium-sized trees with low understorey planting that maintains sight lines. These treatments transform roundabouts from purely functional infrastructure into green, legible elements that contribute to safety, identity, and the overall urban forest.

Objectives

• Creating a lower speed environment.

• Landscaping can make the intersection a focal point.

Figure 70: Roundabout

Figure 71: Typical street profile with a roundabout showing proposed tree size

Species selection for roundabouts

Botanical name

Acer freemanii 'Autumn Blaze' 'Autumn Blaze' Maple Sapindaceae Exotic 10-12m 7-10m Deciduous

Acer truncatum Shantung Maple Sapindaceae Exotic 6-8m 5-8m Deciduous

Angophora costata Sydney Red Gum Myrtaceae Native 12-18m 8-12m Evergreen

Betula nigra ' BNMTF' Dura Heat™ Silver Birch Betulaceae Exotic 8-10m 4-7m Deciduous

Brachychiton populneus Kurrajong (+ Cultivars) Malvaceae Native 8-10m 3-4m Evergreen

Carpinus betulus European Hornbeam Betulaceae Exotic 8-10m 4-8m Deciduous

Eucalyptus crenulata Buxton Gum / Silver Gum Myrtaceae Native 8-12m 4-6m Evergreen

Eucalyptus gunnii Cider Gum Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 10-15m 6-10m Evergreen

Eucalyptus leucoxylon subsp. ' Megalocarpa' Yellow Gum (Incl. Pink-Flowering Forms) Myrtaceae Native 10-12m 6-8m Evergreen

Eucalyptus nicholii Narrow-Leaved Black Peppermint Myrtaceae Native 8-12m 4-6m Evergreen

Eucalyptus pulchella White Peppermint Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 10-15m 4-6m Evergreen

Eucalyptus robusta ' Matong' Matong Swamp Mahogany Myrtaceae Native 12-15m 6-8m Evergreen

Fraxinus pennsylvanica ' Cimmzam' Cimmaron Ash Oleaceae Exotic 10-12m 6-8m Deciduous

Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo / Maidenhair Tree Ginkgoaceae Exotic 10-15m 6-10m Deciduous

Melia azedarach (fruitless cultivar) White Cedar Meliaceae Native 6-10m 5-8m Deciduous

Nyssa sylvatica ' NXSXF' Forum™ Black Gum / Tupelo Nyssaceae Exotic 8-10m 5-8m Deciduous

Parrotia persica Persian Ironwood (+ Cultivars) Hamamelidaceae Exotic 6-8m 4-6m Deciduous

Pistacia chinensis Chinese Pistachio Anacardiaceae Exotic 8-10m 6-8m Deciduous

Platanus x acerifolia ' Bloodgood' Bloodgood' Plane Tree Platanaceae Exotic 12-15m 6-10m Deciduous

Populus simonii Simons Poplar Salicaceae Exotic 15-18m 6-8m Deciduous

Pyrus calleryana Ornamental Pear (+ Cultivars) Rosaceae Exotic 9-12m 3-7m Deciduous

Quercus palustris Pin Oak Fagaceae Exotic 15-18m 10-12m Deciduous

Ulmus parvifolia ' Todd' Chinese Elm Ulmaceae Exotic 8-10m 8-10m Semideciduous

Zelkova serrata 'Green Vase' Japanese Zelkova Ulmaceae Exotic 10-15m 6-10m Deciduous

3.10 Understorey planting

Understorey planting, enhances ecological value, improves water quality through filtration, and contributes to urban cooling.

Understorey planting refers to the use of low-growing vegetation, typically not exceeding 600mm in height (or 250mm for corner locations), installed in nature strips, street side verges, kerb extensions, medians, and tree pits. These plantings visually and environmentally complement street tree plantings, helping to create attractive, biodiverse streetscapes. This solution is especially ideal in streets where excessive existing parking bays are present, as it provides an excellent opportunity to replace impermeable surface with understorey planting, thereby enhancing biodiversity while maintaining visibility and safety.

Environmental and amenity benefits

Including understorey planting in streets boosts visual interest, supports local biodiversity, filters stormwater pollutants (especially in swales and rain gardens), and can reduce maintenance needs compared to turf grass. In busy pedestrian zones, such planting helps guide foot traffic to designated crossings and creates a pleasant environment for adjacent businesses and outdoor dining spaces.

Design and maintenance requirements

• Plantings must comply with height restrictions and maintain minimum visual

clearance distances from kerbs, footpaths, bus stops, intersections, driveways, and public utilities.

• Plant selection should avoid environmental weeds and plants exceeding the prescribed height, as indicated in ‘City of Launceston’ naturestrip policy, to ensure visibility and public safety are not compromised.

Understorey planting in Launceston’s streets should be locally appropriate, enhance biodiversity and amenity, support water-sensitive urban design, and be managed in accordance with council guidelines for height, placement, and species selection.

Figure 72: Understorey planting at UTAS, Invermay

Figure 73: Nature strip in Melton, Place Design Group

Species selection for understorey planting

Botanical

Atriplex cinerea Grey Saltbush

Banksia marginata Silver Banksia

Brachyscome multifida Native Daisy

Bulbine bulbosa Bulbine Lily

Callistemon pallidus Lemon Bottlebrush

Callistemon viminalis ' Better John' Bottlebrush 'Better John'

Carpobrotus rossii Pigface

Casuarina glauca Cousin It Casuarina

Chrysocephalum apiculatum Yellow Buttons

Correa alba White Correa Rutaceae

Craspedia globosa Billy Buttons

Dianella brevicaulis Short Stem Flax Lily

Dianella caerulea Blue Flax-Lily Asphodelaceae

Dianella tasmanica Flaxy Liy Liliaceae

Dichondra repens Kidney Weed Convolvulaceae

Diplarrena moraea Flag Iris

Goodenia ovata Hop Native Primrose Goodeniaceae

Grevillea ‘ Bronze Rambler’ Bronze Rambler Grevillea

Hardenbergia violacea Bushy Blue

Hibbertia scandens Guinea Flower Dilleniaceae

Kennedia prostrata Running Postman Fabaceae

Leucophyta brownii Cushion Bush

Lomandra longifolia Spiny-Headed Mat-Rush

Myoporum parvifolium Creeping Boobialla Scrophulariaceae

Poa labillardierei Tussock Grass Poaceae

Poa poiformis Blue Tussock Grass Poaceae

Rhagodia spinescens Spiny Saltbush Amaranthaceae

Scaevola aemula ‘Aussie Crawl' Fan Flower

Scaevola humilis Fan Flower

Scleranthus biflorus Twinflower Knawel Caryophyllaceae

Themeda triandra Kangaroo Grass

Viola hederacea Native Violet

Westringia brevifolia Coastal Rosemary Lamiaceae

Westringia fruticosa + CVS Coastal Rosemary Lamiaceae

Xerochrysum viscosum Sticky Everlasting Daisy Asteraceae

3.11 Containerised planting

Containerised planting is a practical and flexible solution for increasing urban greening, especially where limited space, excessive underground services, or small root zones make standard tree planting impractical.

In areas where in-ground tree planting is not possible, such as narrow footpaths, high pedestrian zones, or constrained CBD streets, containerised planting provides an alternative way to introduce greenery. While not a substitute for street trees, planters can deliver visual relief, seasonal interest, and small-scale cooling benefits in hard-surfaced environments.

Containerised plantings may be used temporarily or permanently, offering immediate shade, biodiversity, and amenity while fostering community engagement

with street greening. Strategically placed along footpaths, intersections, or plazas, they can guide pedestrian movement and contribute to more inviting public spaces, complementing broader urban greening outcomes in Launceston’s urban core.

Benefits of containerised planting

• Enable urban greening where limited space or underground servicing makes tree planting impractical.

• Help mitigate urban heat and improve microclimate conditions in dense city environments.

• Provide immediate and flexible greening solutions, suitable for temporary or permanent installation.

• Foster community engagement and social interaction by creating attractive, inviting public spaces.

• Serve as barriers to guide pedestrian movement, control traffic flow, and separate designated zones for safety and comfort.

• Support council efforts to involve residents in street and urban greening programs.

Figure 74: Containerised planting in the CBD

Figure 75: Parklets and containerised planting along George street, Nickhvisuals

Species selection for containerised planting

hybrids Kangaroo Paw

multifida Native Daisy

Bulbine bulbosa Bulbine Lily

Casuarina glauca Cousin It Casuarina

Chrysocephalum apiculatum Yellow Buttons

Convolvulus cneorum Silver Brush Convolvulaceae

Correa alba White Correa

Correa reflexa Native Fuchsia Rutaceae

Craspedia globosa Billy Buttons

tasmanica Flaxy Lily Liliaceae

Dichondra repens Kidney Weed

moraea Flag Iris

violacea Bushy Blue

brownii Cushion Bush

Liriope muscari Lily Turf

Lomandra ' Tanika' Mat Rush

Poa labillardierei Tussock Grass

indica Indian Hawthorn

Scleranthus biflorus Twinflower Knawel Caryophyllaceae

Xerochrysum viscosum Sticky Everlasting Daisy Asteraceae

Table 8: Species Selection for containerised planting

3.12 Connecting the Biodiversity Corridor

In order to implement Biodiveristy corridors, this sections identifies streets that form parts of the ecological corridor, where ground cover, middle storey shrubs and an over storey could foster wildlife habitat. The STMP recognises that broader biodiversity corridors exist across the city, particularly along waterways, however, the scope of this document is limited to the street network, focusing on streets as key connectors between these biodiverse areas.

Street Name

Alma St

Ashleigh Ave

Belgrave Pde

Bluegum Rd

Brougham St

Bushland Gr

Cambridge St

Casuarina Dr

Denison Rd

Encee Dr

Ernest St

Fraser St

Gibson St

Granville St

Hardwicke St

Havelock St

Henrietta Gr

Highland Rse

Jillian St

Jinglers Drive

Leith St

Lorne St

Morshead St

Norwood Ave

Opossum Rd

Outram St

Peel St West

Street Name

Poplar Pde

Punchbowl Rd

Quarantine Rd

Redwood Crs

Rowland Cr

Salisbury Cr

Southgate Dr

Techno Park Dr

Vaux St

Walnut Grove

Waroona St

Warragul St

Wilhelmina Ave

LEGEND

LGA Roads Areas connecting Biodiveristy zone

Figure 76: Biodiversity corridor gaps

Waterway Bushland

Species selection for biodiversity corridors

Botanical name

Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood Fabaceae Tasmanian native 10-15m 6-10m Evergreen

Acacia pendula Weeping Myall Fabaceae Native 6-10m 4-6m Evergreen

Allocasuarina littoralis Black She-Oak Casuarinaceae Native 8-10m 3-5m Evergreen

Allocasuarina torulosa Forest Oak / Rose She-Oak Casuarinaceae Native 8-15m 4-8m Evergreen

Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping She-Oak Casuarinaceae Tasmanian native 8-10m 4-6m Evergreen

Angophora costata Sydney Red Gum Myrtaceae Native 12-18m 8-12m Evergreen

Banksia marginata Silver Banksia Myrtaceae Native 3-5m 3-4m Evergreen

Banksia serrata Old Man Banksia Proteaceae Native 8-10m 6-8m Evergreen

Callistemon salignus Weeping Bottlebrush (Tree Form) Myrtaceae Native 5-8m 3-5m Evergreen

Callistemon viminalis Weeping Bottlebrush Myrtaceae Native 5-7m 3-5m Evergreen

Casuarina cunninghamiana River She-Oak Casuarinaceae Native 12-20m 6-10m Evergreen

Corymbia eximia 'nanna' Dwarf Yellow Bloodwood Myrtaceae Native 6-8m 4-6m Evergreen

Corymbia ficifolia Red Flowering Gum Myrtaceae Native 8-12m 6-8m Evergreen

Corymbia maculata Spotted Gum Myrtaceae Native 18-25m 8-12m Evergreen

Corymbia maculata ' Gamai' 'Gamai' Spotted Gum Myrtaceae Native 10-12m 6-8m Evergreen

Eucalyptus amygdalina Black Peppermint Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 12-18m 8-12m Evergreen

Eucalyptus cinerea Argyle Apple / Silver Dollar Gum Myrtaceae Native 8-15m 6-10m Evergreen

Eucalyptus cordata Heart-Leaf Silver Gum Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 8-12m 6-8m Evergreen

Eucalyptus crenulata Buxton Gum / Silver Gum Myrtaceae Native 8-12m 4-6m Evergreen

Eucalyptus dalrympleana Mountain Gum Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 15-20m 8-12m Evergreen

Eucalyptus gunnii Cider Gum Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 10-15m 6-10m Evergreen

Eucalyptus leucoxylon subsp. 'Megalocarpa' Yellow Gum (Incl. Pink-Flowering Forms) Myrtaceae Native 10-12m 6-8m Evergreen

Botanical

Eucalyptus leucoxylon ' Euky Dwarf' Dwarf Yellow Gum Myrtaceae Native 6-8m 4-6m Evergreen

Eucalyptus mannifera Brittle Gum Myrtaceae Native 10-18m 6-10m Evergreen

Eucalyptus ovata Swamp Gum Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 12-15m 8-12m Evergreen

Eucalyptus pulchella White Peppermint Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 10-15m 4-6m Evergreen

Eucalyptus pulverulenta ' Baby Blue' Baby Blue Gum Myrtaceae Native 3-4m 2-3m Evergreen

Eucalyptus risdonii Risdon Peppermint Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 6-8m 4-6m Evergreen

Eucalyptus rubida Candlebark Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 12-18m 8-12m Evergreen

Eucalyptus sideroxylon 'Rosea' Red Ironbark Myrtaceae Native 10-15m 6-8m Evergreen

Eucalyptus spathulata Swamp Mallet Myrtaceae Native 6-10m 4-6m Evergreen

Eucalyptus torquata Coral Gum Myrtaceae Native 6-8m 2-4m Evergreen

Eucalyptus viminalis Manna / White Gum Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 18-20m 12-18m Evergreen

Leptospermum laevigatum Coastal Tea-Tree Myrtaceae Native 3-5m 3-5m Evergreen

Leptospermum petersonii Lemon-Scented TeaTree Myrtaceae Native 4-8m 3-5m Evergreen

Melaleuca armillaris Bracelet Honey Myrtle Myrtaceae Native 6-8m 4-6m Evergreen

Melaleuca linariifolia (+ cultivars) Snow In Summer Myrtaceae Native 6-10m 4-6m Evergreen

Melaleuca styphelioides Prickly Paperbark Myrtaceae Native 6-10m 4-6m Evergreen

Pomaderris apetala Common Dogwood / Native Hazel Rhamnaceae Native 5-6m 3-5m Evergreen

4. STREET TREE PLANTING DETAILS

4.1 Street Tree Planting Details

Detailed technical guidance has been prepared to establish a clear and consistent approach to street tree planting across the range of street conditions commonly found throughout the city. The pages that follow set out the standard details intended to guide implementation.

Planting within carriageways and median strips will vary according to the specific constraints and opportunities of each street typology. As such, these situations will require site-responsive design solutions. The indicative details provided here outline the expected principles and performance standards for tree planting in these contexts.

Where appropriate, advanced planting systems such as continuous soil trenches, structural cells and other treesupport technologies may be incorporated in response to site

conditions and infrastructure constraints. All final planting designs are to be submitted to the City of Launceston for review and approval prior to construction.

Passive irrigation

Applying WSUD in Launceston’s streets can support healthier street trees, create cooler microclimates through increased moisture, and enhance urban biodiversity. Typical street-based WSUD elements include features such as passive irrigation kerbs, raingardens and swales, alongside complementary measures like permeable paving.

Passive irrigation should be treated as the preferred approach for street design, as it offers a sustainable water source for vegetation and delivers stronger stormwater management outcomes.

In a typical street section, kerbs sit between the traffic lanes and the footpath, helping to contain vehicles and channel runoff into the drainage system. By modifying these edges to create passive irrigation kerbs, stormwater can be directed into adjacent tree pits and planted areas rather than straight into pits, turning kerb lines into a key WSUD element.

Figure 77: Broken kerb

Figure 78: Kerb cuts for passive irrigation, Simon Wood

Passive irrigation engineered solutions

• Tree planting in road blistersmaintaining existing gutter Tree planted within garden area created in a ‘bump-out’ into the roadway, which can also be used for traffic calming or parking delineation. The adjoining kerb and channel can be designed to provide passive irrigation by directing stormwater into the planted area.

• Broken kerb on road side Form a shallow rain garden or “moat” around trees planted in grass verges so they can be irrigated by runoff from the road. This is achieved by introducing a kerb cut or lowered kerb section that allows water to flow from the carriageway into the planted area.

• Infiltration trench Infiltration trenches adjacent to trees are a limited budget solution to provide passive irrigation without under drainage.

Figure 79: Broken Kerb Median

NATURE STRIP INFILTRATION TRENCH

Kerb adapter and subsurface ø150mm ag-pipe loop

Existing kerb to be retained and made good

5mm gauge steel fin placed 45% to kerb alignment. Steel fin directs water into kerb adaptor

Permeable geotextile surrounding trench

Kerb adapter with ø100mm ag-pipe graded min. 1:10 toward trench

Extent of existing kerb to be demolished and removed off site. Make good adjacent existing kerb.

Gravel trench behind back of kerb to 400mm deep. Even graded hard rock mix. (e.g. railway ballast)

Permeable Geotextile surrounding trench

Broken kerb on road side

Inspection riser with PVC cap connected to Ø150mm PVC pipe directed to infiltration trench

100mm Extened detention depth for surface water ponding to irrigate tree

Rock batter. Extend 400mm beyond existing concrete footpath. Rock D100 = 150mm

Refer to typical tree planting detail for tree planting technique.

Sandy loam soil media to 1000mm depth. Hydraulic conductivity of 50mm/hr.

Dense understory planting like mowed grass to protect from soil scouring.

Indicative structural zone of influence.

Opening in standard concrete kerb to allow water to enter system from gutter.

Indicative structural zone of influence

Ag-drain to service tree pit and adjacent road. Lay ag-drain within gravel trench along entire length of tree pit at 300mm above base of tree pit to allow water retention and infiltration.

Footpath

Steel edge

Subsurface Ø150 PVC pipe connected to infiltration trench

Open tree pit with tree planting and gravel mulch.

Rock batter extend 400mm out from existing concrete footpath rock D100 = 150mm

Subsurface Ø150 AG-pipe

Inspection riser located 200mm off back of kerb at the top of PVC pipe line

300mm wide insitu concrete stormwater inlet. Slope towards open tree pit min 1:100

Steel edge

Existing kerbe with additional length added into open tree pit

Existing verge mowed turf

Tree

planting in-road

blister - maintaining the gutter

Tree in-road blister maintaining the gutter

50mm depth of mulch as specified to the base of the tree

Original kerb retained and protected

New flush kerb to facilitate passive irrigation via flow of stormwater from road surface

Container rootball Tree placed centrally in tree planting pit

Temporary tree guards using three hardwood stakes around tree. Arrange in triangular form to minimise conflict with opening car doors. Remove after successful establishment.

Hardwood stakes as described above and hession band stappled to stake.

50mm of specified mulch as specified to the base of the tree, finiish just below road and gutter level

Soil type A - Imported organic topsoil mix as specified to a maximum of 300mm depth

Existing concrete kerb and gutter

Containerised tree as specified

Grade mulch so that it is kept at least 50mm clear of the stem collar

Form small bermed dish close to edge of potted rootball to facilitate establishment water.

Soil type B - loosely consolidated within planting hole. Include additives as specified.

Broken kerb inlet on roadside.

IN ROAD BLISTER

Tree planting in-road blister

Concrete edge strip as required or specified (delete if verge is concrete paved).

removed.

Container rootball Tree placed centrally in tree planting pit

Temporary tree guards using three hardwood stakes around tree. Arrange in triangular form to minimise conflict with opening car doors. Remove after successful establishment.

WIDTH MIN 2100mm

2500mm PREFERRED

Hardwood stakes as described above and hession band stappled to stake.

75mm of specified mulch as specified (Chipped recycled wood waste, no fines, if nothing specified) to the base of the tree.

Soil type B - subgrade imported soil or existing excavated site topsoil loosely consolidated within planting hole.

Concrete edge strip as required or specified (delete if verge is concrete paved).

Containerised tree as specified

Form small bermed dish close to edge of potted rootball to facilitate establishment water.

Soil type A - Imported organic topsoil mix as specified to a maximum of 300mm depth

Optional root barrier to protect kerb and road.

Footpath

New Concrete Barrier Kerb

Original kerb demolished and

Small verge

Small Verge ( < 1m)

Temporary tree guards using three hardwood stakes around tree. Arrange in triangular form to minimise conflict with opening car doors. Ensure stakes are driven outside of supplied container rootball.

Container rootball

Planting hole to be three (3) times the diameter of the container rootball diameter.

75mm depth of mulch as specified (Chipped recycled wood waste, no fines, if nothing specified) to the base of tree to the extent of planting hole excavation. Tree planting area edging as specified by Council. (No edge if nothing specified)

Hardwood stakes as described above and hession band stappled to stake.

75mm of specified mulch to base of tree, ensuring 50mm clearance from the stem collar.

Soil type A - Imported organic topsoil mix as specified to a maximum of 300mm depth

Soil type B - subgrade imported soil or existing excavated site topsoil loosely consolidated within planting hole.

Rootball to be placed on undisturbed site soil to prevent settlement.

Containerised tree as specified

Form 100mm high bermed dish close to edge of potted rootball to facilitate establishment water.

Planting hole to be the same depth as potted rootball and three time the diametre or as limited by the kerb and adjacent footpath.

Optional root barrier to protect kerb and road.

Small / medium verge

Small - Medium Verge ( 1 to 2m

Temporary tree guards using three hardwood stakes around tree. Arrange in triangular form to minimise conflict with opening car doors. Ensure stakes are driven outside of supplied container rootball.

Container rootball

Hardwood stakes as described above and hession band stappled to stake. Arrange in a traingular form. Ensure stakes are driven outside of supplied container rootball.

75mm of specified mulch to base of tree, ensuring 50mm clearance from the stem collar.

Soil type A - Imported organic topsoil mix as specified to a maximum of 300mm depth

Soil type B - subgrade imported soil or existing excavated site topsoil loosely consolidated within planting hole.

Rootball to be placed on undisturbed site soil to prevent settlement.

Containerised tree as specified

Form 100mm high bermed dish close to edge of potted rootball to facilitate establishment water.

Planting hole to be the same depth as potted rootball and three time the diametre or as limited by the kerb and adjacent footpath.

Optional root barrier to protect kerb and road.

Kerb Road

Footpath

CENTRE IN GRASS VERGE

Medium, large verge & road reserve

Medium - Large Verge (2 to 4m)

Planting hole to be three (3) times the diameter of the container rootball diameter.

75mm depth of mulch as specified

(Chipped recycled wood waste, no fines, if nothing specified) to the base of tree to the extent of planting hole excavation. Tree planting area edging as specified by Council. (No edge if nothing specified)

Temporary tree guards using three hardwood stakes around tree. Arrange in triangular form to minimise conflict with opening car doors. Ensure stakes are driven outside of supplied container rootball.

75mm of specified mulch to base of tree, ensuring 50mm clearance from the stem collar.

Soil type A - Imported organic topsoil mix as specified to a maximum of 300mm depth

Soil type B - subgrade imported soil or existing excavated site topsoil loosely consolidated within planting hole.

Rootball to be placed on undisturbed site soil to prevent settlement.

Optional root barrier to protect utilities

Indicative shared utility trenchliase with authorities for correct protection measures and clearance.

Containerised tree as specified

Hardwood stakes as described above and hession band stappled to stake. Arrange in a traingular form. Ensure stakes are driven outside of supplied container rootball.

Form 100mm high bermed dish close to edge of potted rootball to facilitate establishment water.

Planting hole to be the same depth as potted rootball and three time the diametre or as limited by the kerb and adjacent footpath.

Kerb

Footpath

Container rootball

Tree planting in-road median

75mm of specified mulch as specified (Chipped recycled wood waste, no fines, if nothing specified ) to the base of the tree.

Soil type B - subgrade imported soil or existing excavated site topsoil loosely consolidated within planting hole.

Subsoil drainage to stormwater pits (refer engineers details) unless in sandy, free draining soil area.

Containerised tree as specified

Grade mulch so that it is kept at least at 50mm clear of the stem collar

Soil type A - Imported organic topsoil mix as specified to a maximum of 300mm depth

Median kerb to engineers detail

Sand transition layer 100mm depth

Tree pit in paving Tree Pits in paving section

Standard tree guard integrated with tree grate

Pavement specified by Council.

Geotextile fabric and construction plastic film installed between structural soil system and concrete slab.

Structurally supportive soil system (eg. Structural Soil) under paving and linking as a trench between tree pits. Depth dependent on system or product used beneath the pavement profile.

Geofrabric layer

Drainage and Under-drains to civil engineer's design

Containerised tree as specified

50mm dual inlet areation pipe without geotextile sleeve around rootball connected to watering grate (or Kerb hole if WSUD option used).

Soil Type A- imported topsoil mix as specified to a maximum of 300mm depth. lndude additives as specified.

Soil mix B or Structural soil consolidated within planting hole. Include additives as specified.

Standard tree guard integrated with tree grate

Pavement specified by Council.

Geotextile fabric and construction plastic film installed between structural soil system and concrete slab.

Structurally supportive soil system (eg. Stratavault or StrataCell) under paving and linking as a trench between tree pits. Depth dependent on system or product used beneath the pavement profile.

Geofrabric layer

Drainage and Under-drains to civil engineer's design

(OR AS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED BY COUNCIL)

Containerised tree as specified

50mm slotted watering pipe without geotextile sleeve around rootball connected to watering grate (or Kerb hole if WSUD option used).

Soil Type A- imported topsoil mix as specified to a maximum of 300mm depth. lndude additives as specified.

Soil mix B or Structural soil consolidated within planting hole. Include additives as specified. Backfill around rootball and consolidate soil in 200mm layers to creat soil profile shown.

Footpath

Footpath

Edge of pavement, supported on structural soil system

Container rootball

50mm diameter slotted watering pipe

Structurally supportive soil system under paving and linking as a trench between tree pits. Depth dependent on system or product used beneath the pavement profile.

Watering inlet grate at surface

Standard tree guard integrated with tree grate as per CoL Urban Design Guidelines.

Standard steel tree grate with paving infill

Paving as per CoL Urban Design Guidelines.

4.2 Implementation guidelines

4.2.1 Clearance and sight line

The street is a highly contested space, and the placement of street trees often comes with many restrictions. When choosing final planting locations, it’s crucial to consider the distance from infrastructure components, such as intersections, pedestrian crossings, light and power poles, stormwater inlets, underground service pits, and bus stops. It is critical that Before You Dig Australia is consulted during the design phase to establish a clear understanding of below-ground services and identify any constraints, risks or protection requirements early in the design process.

Position street trees to minimise interference with existing usage of the streets, such as:

• Vehicular movement through the street.

• Entries to buildings and businesses.

• Clearance for pedestrians, vehicular traffic, light poles and other infrastructure/ services.

• Vehicle, cycle and pedestrian sight lines.

Planting trees will typically always require an individual site assessment and the final planting location decided on an individual basis.

Trees must be planted in a street with consideration for existing or potential road components and infrastructure. Trees must be strategically positioned within the streets to preserve appropriate

sight lines and clearances to intersections, signs, light poles, crossings, and other road components. The criteria used by Councils for tree placement should be guided by the individual utility or authority’s standards.

Table below outlines the minimum distances to be applied when determining a tree planting location. Existing established trees in the streetscape that have been planted within these distances will not be removed by Council unless the impacts of keeping the tree are deemed undesirable and cannot be otherwise addressed through suitable pruning.

Street intersection - distance from projected line of the intersecting kerb line on nonapproach side

Stormwater inlet pit - distance from nearest edge of pit structure

Driveway - distance from driveway edge on approach side

Driveway - distance from driveway edge on non-approach side

Traffic Lights - distance from signal pole on approach side

Pedestrian crossings - distance from outer edge of crossing on either side

Street lighting pole - minimum distance from pole to centre of tree trunk (unless there are other light sources to consider) 3m

Electrical pole - minimum distance from pole to center of tree trunk 3m

(on approach)

(on departure)

Cycle ways - clearance from edge of cycleway path to centre of tree trunk 0.5m

Table 9: Tree clearance distances

4.2.2 Tree pruning clearances

To ensure safe, accessible and functional public spaces, Council maintains clearances around street trees in accordance with established standards. These clearances are applied during both formative and remedial pruning and guide new planting design.

Figure 80: Minimum clearance distances for local roads and major arterial roads

5. TECHNICAL GUIDELINES

5.1 Tree Supply TECHNICAL GUIDELINES

5.1.1 Authority and application

This section sets out the requirements for the procurement, inspection and supply of advanced tree stock for planting within the Launceston City Council public domain. Its purpose is to ensure that all trees installed are structurally robust, botanically correct, healthy and suited to achieving sustained canopy performance over time.

All tree stock must comply with AS 2303:2018 – Tree Stock for Landscape Use.

This tree supply standard applies to:

• Council capital works.

• Developer-delivered public domain works.

• Street tree replacement programs.

• Infrastructure projects.

• Trees required under development consent.

5.1.2 Minimum size and proportional standards

Tree stock must demonstrate proportional balance between:

• Height (m).

• Stem calliper at 300mm above ground (mm).

• Root ball diameter (mm).

• Container volume (L).

Height alone is not acceptable as a quality measure. Stock must demonstrate appropriate size index values relative to container size and species habit.

Indicative minimum parameters are:

Proportional Proportional

Note: Actual dimensions may vary depending on species form and growth habit. Trees must demonstrate proportionality between height, calliper, and rootball size.

Root ball depth

Container-grown trees: maximum 660 mm root ball depth (excluding palms).

Ex-ground trees with Size Index ≤1144: maximum 850 mm root ball depth.

Ex-ground trees with Size Index >1144: maximum 1200 mm root ball depth.

Bare-root stock

Bare-root stock is not permitted for public domain street tree planting unless explicitly approved in writing by Council. Where approved, root mass diameter must be no less than 10 × trunk calliper.

5.1.3 Species verification and labelling

All trees must:

• Be true to type, correctly labelled with botanical name and cultivar (if applicable).

• Be suited to the planting location, local soil conditions, and streetscape objectives.

• Match the approved species palette in this Street Tree Master Plan.

Suppliers must clearly label each tree and provide a batch manifest or delivery note listing:

• Species and cultivar.

• Container size.

• Batch quantity.

• Nursery origin.

Where sun acclimation is relevant, the nursery must mark northfacing orientation on the trunk or container.

5.1.4 Nursery practices and tree handling

Nurseries must demonstrate:

• Consistent irrigation and fertilisation.

• Appropriate spacing to ensure even canopy development.

• Pest and disease control measures.

• Good hygiene to prevent weed or pathogen spread.

• During transport and delivery:

• Trees must be well-watered prior to loading.

• Secured to prevent wind damage.

• Delivered within 24 hours of loading.

• Rootballs must be protected from drying or mechanical shock.

• Trees should be delivered upright and inspected upon arrival.

Council reserves the right to reject any stock that arrives damaged, dehydrated, or showing signs of transport stress.

Transpiration must be minimised during transport to prevent wilting or premature defoliation.

Root balls must remain fully supported and contained. Trees with fractured, slumped, deformed or compromised root balls will be rejected.

Stock arriving dehydrated, wilted or structurally damaged will not be accepted irrespective of prior inspection.

5.1.5 Health and physiological condition

Trees must be healthy and vigorous at dispatch and delivery.

They must:

• Exhibit foliage consistent in size, colour and density for species.

• Demonstrate active extension growth.

• Be free of active pest infestation.

• Be free of fungal infection.

• Be free of invasive weeds.

Evidence of minor historic native insect activity may be acceptable provided it affects less than 15% of foliage and no active infestation is present.

5.1.6 Structural form and canopy development

Self-supporting stability

All trees must be self-supporting at time of supply. Trees must remain upright without root ball displacement, soil cracking, stem failure or excessive lean during normal handling.

Stem taper

Stem diameter must progressively reduce toward the apex, excluding species with natural atypical form.

Lean

Deviation from vertical shall not exceed 15°.

Crown balance

Crown asymmetry shall not exceed 20% across the vertical stem axis.

Leader and branch structure

Excurrent species must retain a defined central leader with intact apical bud.

Decurrent species must exhibit sound primary scaffold structure.

No stem division below nominated clean stem height unless characteristic of species.

Branch diameter must not exceed 50% of trunk diameter at point of attachment.

Included bark

Branch and stem junctions must display convex bark ridges. Trees exhibiting included bark or weak co-dominant junctions will be rejected unless species-specific approval is provided.

5.1.7 Pruning standards

All formative pruning must comply with AS 4373 – Pruning of Amenity Trees

• Cuts must be clean and located at the branch collar.

• No lopping or canopy reshaping prior to dispatch.

• Formative pruning must not remove more than 20% of the live canopy in a single pruning event.

• Wound diameter must not exceed 50% of stem calliper above the cut.

Clean stem height should typically represent 35–40% of total tree height.

5.1.8 Root system structure

Root collar

Root crown must be positioned at the uppermost surface of the root ball.

Root direction

Roots must grow radially outward and downward from initiation point. Deviation from radial growth must be less than 45°.

Prohibited root defects

Trees shall be rejected where any of the following are present:

• Circling roots.

• Girdling roots.

• J-roots.

• Kinked primary roots.

Woody roots turning back into the root ball.

Roots greater than 10 mm diameter exhibiting structural defects are not acceptable.

Root division

• Trees ≤45L: primary root division must have occurred at least once within the root ball.

• Trees >45L: primary root division must have occurred at multiple intervals within the outer 50% of the root ball and at intervals less than 100 mm.

Root ball occupancy

• Upon removal from container and gentle handling, at least 90% of growing media must remain intact.

• Root ball diameter must be equal to or greater than root ball depth.

5.1.9 Graft compatibility

For grafted stock:

• Graft union must be structurally sound around entire circumference.

• Scion and rootstock diameters must not vary by more than ±20%.

• Rootstock must be nonsuckering.

• No active suckers or water shoots permitted at dispatch.

3.2.9 Inspection and compliance

Suppliers must submit compliance documentation:

• At least 7 days prior to dispatch.

• For each batch and species supplied.

• Confirming compliance with AS2303:2018 standard sampling rates:

- 4 All trees 5 - 20 At least 4

- 50 At least 6

- 100 At least 10

Inspection will cover:

• Height, calliper, rootball dimensions.

• Structural defects or abnormalities.

• Root collar exposure.

• Pest, weed, or disease presence.

Where non-conformance is identified, the entire batch may be rejected. Trees that fail to meet any one of the minimum standards will not be accepted for planting in the public domain.

5.1.10 Rejection and replacement

Any tree not meeting the requirements shall be rejected.

Council may require:

• Immediate replacement with compliant stock

• Removal and replacement at supplier’s cost

• Council-sourced replacement stock at supplier expense where repeated nonconformance occurs

Definitions

Terms below align with those used in AS 2303:2018 and expanded by Council where required:

• Batch: A group of trees of the same species, container size, type, and age from the same source.

• Calliper: Trunk diameter measured 300 mm above the root collar or at 50% of the tree height (whichever is lower).

• Central Leader: A clearly defined, vertical main stem, particularly important for species with apical dominance.

• Clean Stem Height: The length of trunk from the top of the root ball to the first lateral branch.

• Container-grown: Trees grown in a nursery container that meets structural root development and stability standards.

• Partial Root Ball Inspection: Non-destructive method where a segment of the root ball is removed for inspection.

• Self-supporting: A tree that maintains upright posture without staking or support.

• Size Index (SI): Product of tree height (m) × calliper (mm); used to determine maturity class.

• Included Bark: Junctions where bark is compressed between Root ball occupancy s or branches, indicating potential structural weakness.

5.2 Tree Installation Specifications

5.2.1 Purpose

The long-term success of Launceston’s street tree program depends not only on selecting the right species, but on how trees are installed. Tree planting must create the physical and environmental conditions that allow trees to establish strongly, grow to maturity and contribute meaningfully to the City’s canopy, cooling and biodiversity objectives.

Installation practices must support the broader ambition of the Street Tree Master Plan, particularly the target of achieving 40% canopy cover by 2040, by ensuring that each planting opportunity is used to its full potential. Trees are to be treated as essential urban infrastructure, planned and delivered with the same care and coordination as roads, drainage and utilities.

5.2.2 Site assessment and coordination

Before excavation, each planting location must be verified against approved species selection, street classification and service layouts. Underground utilities, shared utility trenches, drainage infrastructure and overhead services must be confirmed to ensure that the proposed tree can reach maturity without structural conflict.

In flood-prone areas identified within the Environmental Conditions section of this document, soil profile and drainage capacity must be carefully assessed. Trees planted within these zones must be supported by free-draining subgrade conditions and, where necessary, subsurface drainage to prevent prolonged root saturation. Tree locations must be adjusted where service conflicts compromise long-term canopy potential.

5.2.3 Excavation and planting pit dimensions

Planting pits must maximise available soil volume within the road reserve. As a minimum:

• The surface opening of a standard verge planting pit should not be less than 1.5m x 1.5m where space permits.

• In constrained footpaths, elongated pits (e.g. 1.0m x 2.0m or greater) are preferred to maximise rooting area.

• Subsurface excavation should extend beyond the surface opening wherever possible.

• Excavation must remove construction debris, compacted fill and deleterious material. Glazed or compacted pit walls must be scarified to allow root penetration into surrounding soils.

5.2.4

Soil specification and preparation

Planting soil must be free of contaminants, rubble and organic waste and conform to AS 44542012 Standard - Composts, soil conditioners and mulches. The soil profile must be friable, welldraining and capable of retaining moisture during dry periods.

Subgrade soils must not be excessively compacted. Where compaction is identified, subsoil ripping or amelioration must occur to a minimum depth of 600mm.

5.2.5 Water sensitive urban design integration

Consistent with the typical street sections illustrated in this document, tree pits should function as part of the broader water management system wherever feasible.

This may include the incorporation of passive kerb inlets, low-flow runoff capture, swales or permeable pavement edges. In collector and local streets, passive irrigation kerbs should be used to direct stormwater into planting zones where design allows.

Tree pits must be designed to prevent sediment build-up and allow overflow during heavy rainfall events without compromising pavement stability.

5.2.6 Tree placement and backfilling

Trees must be planted so that the root flare sits at finished ground level. Planting too deep is a common cause of premature decline and must be avoided.

The root ball must be inspected prior to planting. Circling or girdling roots greater than 10mm in diameter must be corrected where possible. The root ball must be positioned centrally within the pit and aligned vertically.

Backfilling must occur in layers, lightly consolidating the soil to eliminate air voids while maintaining porosity. Excessive mechanical compaction is not permitted. No soil or mulch is to be mounded against the trunk.

5.2.7 Mulching

Mulch must be free of contaminants, rubble and waste and conform to AS 4454-2012

Standard - Composts, soil conditioners and mulches. Mulch type shall be recycled or organic composted leaf mulch (arborist mulch) and must be applied immediately following planting. Mulch depth shall be between 75mm and 100mm across the entire exposed soil surface.

Mulch must be kept clear of the trunk by a minimum of 50mm to prevent collar rot and fungal development. Create bermed edges to form a watering ‘dish’ around the rootball. The mulch layer must be uniform in depth and free of weed contamination. Much to firmly tamped in place (not compacted) and placed so that it is level with the surrounding edges.

In paved environments, the full extent of exposed soil within the pit must be mulched unless covered by approved permeable treatment.

5.2.8 Staking and protection

Tree stakes shall only be used for tree protection during establishment. If a tree requires stakes for stability it should not be installed.

Install as per tree planting details, two stakes shall be positioned outside the root ball. Stakes or hessian strapping must not abrade bark or restrict the trees natural development. In high wind areas where ties are necessary to prevent the tree being damaged or snapped flexible ties may be used to prevent excessive wind throw.

Stakes and ties must be inspected regularly and removed once the tree is self-supporting, typically within 12 - 24 months.

In high-traffic environments such as the CBD core or civic spaces, tree guards, bollards or grates may be required to prevent damage from vehicles or pedestrian movement, refer to the City of Launceston’s Urban Design Guidelines. Protective devices must not restrict trunk expansion, soil aeration or water infiltration.

5.2.9 Establishment period

All newly planted street trees must undergo a minimum 24- 12 month establishment period. During this time:

• Trees must receive regular watering sufficient to maintain soil moisture through the first two growing seasons.

• Watering frequency must increase during extended dry periods.

• Mulch levels must be maintained at 75–100mm.

• Formative pruning must be undertaken in accordance with AS 4373.

• Tree alignment and stability must be monitored and corrected if required.

5.2.10 Inspection and performance standards

At practical completion of planting works, trees must demonstrate:

• Correct planting depth.

• Stable anchorage.

• Adequate soil settlement.

• Integration with adjacent pavement and drainage systems.

Successful establishment is evidenced by healthy leaf development, active extension growth and absence of decline attributable to installation error.

Trees that fail to establish due to installation-related deficiencies must be replaced in accordance with Council requirements to ensure canopy targets remain on track.

5.2.11 Soil volume requirements

Adequate soil volume is fundamental to achieving long-term canopy performance. Soil volumes must be determined by the intended mature size of the tree and the level of site constraint.

The following table sets out minimum and preferred soil volumes for street trees within the City of Launceston.

Minimum and Preferred Soil Volumes per Tree:

5.3 Soil Mix Requirements

Street tree soil mixes must provide a stable, well-drained and biologically active growing environment that supports longterm canopy development. Soil mixes must balance drainage performance with moisture retention, particularly in Launceston’s cool-temperate climate where winter saturation and summer drying can both occur.

All manufactured soil mixes must comply with the intent of AS 4419 – Soils for Landscaping and Garden Use, unless otherwise approved.

Type A soil mix

Premium manufactured sandy loam organic mix

Type A is the primary imported planting soil used within the upper soil horizon of street tree planting zones.

Type A must be a commercially available, premium grade sandy loam organic garden mix that is:

• Free of building waste, rubble, plastics or contaminants.

• Free of declared weeds and viable propagules.

• Screened to remove stones greater than 20mm.

• Uniform in texture and free draining.

Physical characteristics

Type A soil must:

• Be sandy loam in texture (approx. 50–70% sand content).

• Exhibit friable structure suitable for root penetration.

• Have moderate organic matter content (typically 3–8%).

• Have a hydraulic conductivity sufficient to prevent waterlogging (target range 30–80 mm/hr for

general verge conditions). The soil must retain sufficient moisture to support tree growth through dry periods while allowing excess water to drain freely during high rainfall events.

Chemical characteristics

Indicative ranges:

• pH (CaCl₂): 5.5 – 7.5 .

• Electrical Conductivity (EC): < 1.2 dS/m.

• Low salinity and non-sodic.

• Nutrient levels suitable for initial tree establishment but not excessively fertilised.

Excessively rich compost-based mixes are not suitable, as they may shrink, settle or become hydrophobic over time.

Application depth

Type A soil shall be used:

• As the upper planting layer to a maximum depth of 200 mm.

• As the primary media in smaller planting pits where imported soil is required throughout.

Type B soil mix

Blended site-recovered soil

Type B soil mix is intended to increase usable soil volume while promoting soil continuity between imported and existing site soils.

Type B must comprise:

• 50% recovered existing site topsoil (free of contaminants and weed seed).

• 50% Type A Soil Mix.

• Recovered site soil must:

• Be screened to remove debris and stones greater than 40mm.

• Be free of construction waste or subgrade clay contamination.

• Be friable and capable of supporting root growth.

Heavy clay subsoils, compacted fill or reactive materials are not acceptable for inclusion in Type B without amelioration.

Performance requirements

The blended Type B mix must:

• Maintain structural integrity under light compaction.

• Allow root penetration beyond the initial planting pit.

• Exhibit moderate drainage capacity.

• Avoid abrupt texture transitions between soil layers.

Type B is typically used:

• Below the 200 mm Type A horizon.

• Within extended trench systems.

• In larger planting zones where soil volume exceeds 1m depth.

5.4 Establishment Maintenance

5.4.1 Purpose

The first year following installation is critical to achieving long-term canopy performance. Establishment maintenance ensures that newly installed street trees successfully transition from nursery stock to resilient components of Launceston’s urban forest.

Appropriate soil volume and installation practices create the conditions for growth; establishment maintenance ensures those conditions are realised. Without structured early care, street trees are unlikely to achieve their intended mature form, structural integrity or canopy contribution within the street classification framework identified in this Master Plan.

5.4.2 Establishment period

All newly installed street trees must undergo a minimum 24 month establishment period, commencing at practical completion of planting works.

The establishment period supports:

• Root extension beyond the initial planting zone.

• Structural anchorage and trunk development.

• Healthy canopy formation consistent with the intended mature size.

• Reduced early mortality and replacement rates.

Street trees located within highexposure environments, including arterial corridors, elevated streets, highly compacted urban conditions or flood-affected areas, may require additional monitoring beyond the 24 month period.

5.4.3 Watering and irrigation

Adequate watering is the primary determinant of successful establishment. Street trees must be watered thoroughly at planting to achieve full soil saturation within the planting zone and surrounding soil volume

During the establishment period, supplemental watering must occur as required to maintain soil moisture, particularly through the first summer following installation. Watering frequency should respond to rainfall patterns, seasonal variations, soil profile characteristics and exposure conditions.

Where passive irrigation systems have been incorporated in accordance with the Street Tree Planting Details, inlets and entry points must be inspected regularly to ensure they remain free of sediment and debris and continue to function as designed.

Over-irrigation must be avoided in areas with slower drainage or known waterlogging risk.

5.4.4 Mulch management

Mulch within the planting zone must be maintained at a depth of 75–100 mm throughout the establishment period.

Mulch must:

• Remain clear of the trunk collar by a minimum of 50 mm and formed into a bermed watering dish.

• Be replenished where decomposition or displacement occurs.

• Remain free of weed growth and debris.

Consistent mulch management supports moisture retention, moderates soil temperature and reduces competition within the soil volume allocated to the street tree.

5.4.5 Weed and turf control

The full extent of the planting zone must remain free of turf and invasive weeds during establishment.

Competition within the allocated soil volume reduces moisture and nutrient availability and can significantly delay canopy development. Weed and

turf suppression is therefore required for the duration of the establishment period.

5.4.6 Structural stability and staking

Street trees must be monitored to ensure structural stability during establishment.

Where staking has been installed to support initial anchorage:

• Ties must be inspected and adjusted to prevent abrasion or constriction.

• Stakes must allow controlled trunk movement to promote structural strength.

• Stakes must be removed once the street tree is selfsupporting, typically within 6–12 months.

Permanent staking is not acceptable, as it compromises trunk development and long-term stability.

Where settlement or lean occurs within the planting zone, corrective realignment must be undertaken promptly.

5.4.7 Formative pruning

Formative pruning during the establishment period supports the development of appropriate canopy structure consistent with species characteristics and street context.

Pruning must:

• Comply with AS 4373 – Pruning of Amenity Trees.

• Remove damaged or poorly attached branches.

• Support development of a dominant leader where characteristic of the species.

• Avoid excessive canopy reduction.

No more than 20% of live canopy should be removed during a single pruning intervention within the establishment period

5.4.8 Monitoring and performance

Regular inspections must be undertaken during the 24 month establishment period to assess:

• Canopy health and leaf density.

• Extension growth.

• Pest and disease presence.

• Soil settlement within the planting zone.

• Irrigation function

• Mulch condition.

Increased monitoring may be required during climatic stress events, including extended dry periods or high rainfall events.

5.4.9 Failure and replacement

A street tree is considered to have failed during establishment if it exhibits:

• Mortality.

• Severe canopy decline.

• Structural instability.

• Persistent health issues attributable to installation or maintenance deficiencies.

Failed street trees must be replaced during the next appropriate planting season to

maintain continuity within the street typology and to support the canopy targets set out in this Master Plan.

Replacement stock must comply with the Tree Supply and Soil Requirements sections of this document.

5.4.10 Transition to ongoing urban forest management

At the completion of the 24-month establishment period, street trees should demonstrate:

• Stable anchorage without staking.

• Healthy canopy development.

• Active extension growth consistent with species performance.

Following establishment, street trees transition into Council’s ongoing urban forest management regime, where cyclical pruning, risk management and asset monitoring will occur in accordance with Council’s broader tree management practices.

APPENDIX - TREE MASTER LIST

Tree Species Selection Master List

Botanical Name

Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood Fabaceae Tasmanian native 10-15m 6-10m Evergreen

Acacia pendula Weeping Myall Fabaceae Native 6-10m 4-6m Evergreen Y

Acer buergerianum Trident Maple Sapindaceae Exotic 6-8m 5-7m Deciduous

Acer campestre 'Elsrijk' Field Maple Sapindaceae Exotic 6-8m 6-8m Deciduous

Acer rubrum 'October Glory' Red Maple Sapindaceae Exotic 10-12m 7-10m Deciduous

Acer freemanii 'Autumn Blaze' 'Autumn Blaze' Maple Sapindaceae Exotic 10-12m 7-10m Deciduous

Acer truncatum Shantung Maple Sapindaceae Exotic 6-8m 5-8m Deciduous

Allocasuarina littoralis Black She-Oak Casuarinaceae Native 8-10m 3-5m Evergreen Y

Allocasuarina torulosa Forest Oak / Rose She-Oak Casuarinaceae Native 8-15m 4-8m Evergreen

Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping She-Oak Casuarinaceae Tasmanian native 8-10m 4-6m Evergreen

Angophora costata Sydney Red Gum Myrtaceae Native 12-18m 8-12m Evergreen Y

Arbutus unedo Irish Strawberry Tree Ericaceae Exotic 4-6m 4-6m Evergreen Y

Banksia marginata Silver Banksia Myrtaceae Native 3-5m 3-4m Evergreen Y

Banksia serrata Old Man Banksia Proteaceae Native 8-10m 6-8m Evergreen Y

Betula nigra ' BNMTF' Dura Heat™ Silver Birch Betulaceae Exotic 8-10m 4-7m Deciduous

Brachychiton populneus Kurrajong (+ Cultivars) Malvaceae Native 8-10m 3-4m Evergreen

Callistemon vimialis ' Kings Park Special' Kings Park Bottlebrush (+ Cultivars) Myrtaceae Native 3-6m 2-3m Evergreen Y

Callistemon salignus Weeping Bottlebrush (Tree Form) Myrtaceae Native 5-8m 3-5m Evergreen

Callistemon viminalis Weeping Bottlebrush Myrtaceae Native 5-7m 3-5m Evergreen

Carpinus betulus European Hornbeam Betulaceae Exotic 8-10m 4-8m Deciduous

Carpinus betulus ' Fastigiata' Upright European Hornbeam Betulaceae Exotic 8-10m 3-5m Deciduous

Casuarina cunninghamiana River She-Oak Casuarinaceae Native 12-20m 6-10m Evergreen Y

Catalpa bignonioides ( inc. 'nana') Southern Catalpa / Indian Bean Tree Bignoniaceae Exotic 6-10m 6-8m Deciduous Y

Cercis canadensis Eastern Redbud ( 'Forest Pansy') Fabaceae Exotic 5-8m 4-6m Deciduous

Cercis siliquastrum Judas Tree Fabaceae Exotic 5-6m 4-6m Deciduous Y

Frost Tolerance : Y (Yes) / LF (Light Frost)

Form : O (Oval) / W (Weeping) / U (Upright) / V (Vase)

Botanical Name Common Name Family Origin

Corymbia citriodora 'Babycit' Baby Cit LemonScented Gum

Corymbia citriodora 'Scentuous' Scentuous LemonScented Gum

Mature Height (m) in urban conditions Crown Spread (m) Leaf Type Under wires Trial Species

Myrtaceae Native 5-6m 4-6m Evergreen Y

Myrtaceae Native 6-8m 3-5m Evergreen

Corymbia eximia 'nanna' Dwarf Yellow Bloodwood Myrtaceae Native 6-8m 4-6m Evergreen Y

Corymbia ficifolia Red Flowering Gum Myrtaceae Native 8-12m 6-8m Evergreen

Corymbia maculata Spotted Gum Myrtaceae Native 18-25m 8-12m Evergreen

Corymbia maculata 'Gamai' 'Gamai' Spotted Gum Myrtaceae Native 10-12m 6-8m Evergreen

Davidia involucrata Dove Tree / Handkerchief Tree Nyssaceae Exotic 8-12m 6-8m Deciduous Y

Dodonaea viscosa Hop-Bush Sapindaceae Native 2-4m 2-3m Evergreen Y Y

Elaeocarpus eumundi Eumundi Quandong Elaeocarpaceae Native 6-8m 4-6m Evergreen Y

Elaeocarpus reticulatus Blueberry Ash Elaeocarpaceae Native 6-10m 3-5m Evergreen

Eucalyptus amygdalina Black Peppermint Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 12-18m 8-12m Evergreen Y

Eucalyptus cinerea Argyle Apple / Silver Dollar Gum Myrtaceae Native 8-15m 6-10m Evergreen

Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red Gum Myrtaceae Native 15 -20m 10-16m Evergreen

Eucalyptus cordata Heart-Leaf Silver Gum Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 8-12m 6-8m Evergreen Y

Eucalyptus crenulata Buxton Gum / Silver Gum Myrtaceae Native 8-12m 4-6m Evergreen

Eucalyptus dalrympleana Mountain Gum Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 15-20m 8-12m Evergreen Y

Eucalyptus gunnii Cider Gum Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 10-15m 6-10m Evergreen

Eucalyptus leucoxylon subsp. 'Megalocarpa' Yellow Gum (Incl. PinkFlowering Forms) Myrtaceae Native 10-12m 6-8m Evergreen

Eucalyptus leucoxylon 'Euky Dwarf' Dwarf Yellow Gum Myrtaceae Native 6-8m 4-6m Evergreen Y

Eucalyptus mannifera Brittle Gum Myrtaceae Native 10-18m 6-10m Evergreen

Eucalyptus mannifera 'Little Spotty' Little Spotty Brittlegum Myrtaceae Native 6-8m 3-5m Evergreen

Eucalyptus nicholii Narrow-Leaved Black Peppermint Myrtaceae Native 8-12m 4-6m Evergreen

Eucalyptus ovata Swamp Gum Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 12-15m 8-12m Evergreen

Eucalyptus pauciflora Snow Gum (Incl. 'Little Snowman') Myrtaceae Native 8-15m 6-10m Evergreen

Eucalyptus perriniana Spinning Gum Myrtaceae Native 8-10m 4-8m Evergreen

Eucalyptus pulchella White Peppermint Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 10-15m 4-6m Evergreen

Eucalyptus pulverulenta 'Baby Blue' Baby Blue Gum Myrtaceae Native 3-4m 2-3m Evergreen Y

Eucalyptus risdonii Risdon Peppermint Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 6-8m 4-6m Evergreen

Eucalyptus robusta 'Matong' Matong Swamp Mahogany Myrtaceae Native 12-15m 6-8m Evergreen

Small Verge Small/ Medium Verge 1 to 2m verge Medium/ Large Verge 2 to 4m verge Large Verge >4m verge Road Reserve Tree pit

Roundabout Biodiversity

Soil Tolerance (Clay / Sand / Loam ) Frost Tolerance Drought Tolerance Form

Botanical Name

Common Name Family Origin

Mature Height (m) in urban conditions Crown Spread (m) Leaf Type Under wires Trial Species

Eucalyptus rubida Candlebark Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 12-18m 8-12m Evergreen

Eucalyptus sideroxylon 'Rosea' Red Ironbark Myrtaceae Native 10-15m 6-8m Evergreen

Eucalyptus spathulata Swamp Mallet Myrtaceae Native 6-10m 4-6m Evergreen

Eucalyptus torquata Coral Gum Myrtaceae Native 6-8m 2-4m Evergreen

Eucalyptus viminalis Manna / White Gum Myrtaceae Tasmanian native 18-20m 12-18m Evergreen

Fraxinus americana 'Spartacus' Spartacus White Ash Oleaceae Exotic 10-14m 6-8m Deciduous

Fraxinus ornus Manna Ash Oleaceae Exotic 10-14m 10-12m Deciduous

Fraxinus pennsylvanica 'Cimmzam' Cimmaron Ash Oleaceae Exotic 10-12m 6-8m Deciduous

Fraxinus pennsylvanica 'Urbdell' Urbanite Ash Oleaceae Exotic 10-12m 6-8m Deciduous

Geijera parviflora Wilga / Australian Willow Rutaceae Native 6-12m 4-6m Evergreen Y

Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo / Maidenhair Tree Ginkgoaceae Exotic 10-15m 6-10m Deciduous

Hakea laurina Pincushion Hakea Proteaceae Native 3-5m 3-4m Evergreen Y Y

Koelreuteria paniculata Golden Rain Tree Sapindaceae Exotic 6-8m 5-7m Deciduous

Lagerstroemia indica Crepe Myrtle (+ Hybrids) Lythraceae Exotic 4-6m 3-4m Deciduous Y

Leptospermum laevigatum Coastal Tea-Tree Myrtaceae Native 3-5m 3-5m Evergreen Y

Leptospermum petersonii Lemon-Scented TeaTree Myrtaceae Native 4-8m 3-5m Evergreen

Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum (+ Cultivars) Altingiaceae Exotic 15-20m 8-12m Deciduous

Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip Tree Magnoliaceae Exotic 12-16m 8-15m Deciduous

Lophostemon confertus Brush Box / Queensland Box Myrtaceae Native 10-15m 6-12m Evergreen

Magnolia champaca Golden Champaca Magnoliaceae Exotic 8-12m 6-8m Evergreen Y

Magnolia grandiflora 'Teddy Bear' Teddy Bear Magnolia Magnoliaceae Exotic 3-5m 2-4m Evergreen Y

Malus spectabilis Chinese Crabapple Rosaceae Exotic 4-6m 3-5m Deciduous Y

Malus tschonoskii Crab Apple Rosaceae Exotic 6-8m 3-4m Deciduous

Melaleuca armillaris Bracelet Honey Myrtle Myrtaceae Native 6-8m 4-6m Evergreen

Melaleuca linariifolia (+ cultivars) Snow In Summer Myrtaceae Native 6-10m 4-6m Evergreen

Melaleuca styphelioides Prickly Paperbark Myrtaceae Native 6-10m 4-6m Evergreen

Melia azedarach (fruitless cultivar) White Cedar Meliaceae Native 6-10m 5-8m Deciduous

Nyssa sylvatica 'NXSXF' Forum™ Black Gum / Tupelo Nyssaceae Exotic 8-10m 5-8m Deciduous

Botanical Name Common Name Family Origin

Mature Height (m) in urban conditions Crown Spread (m) Leaf Type Under wires

Ozothamnus ferrugineus Tree Everlasting Asteraceae Native 2-5m 2-4m Evergreen Y Y Parrotia persica Persian Ironwood (+ Cultivars) Hamamelidaceae Exotic 6-8m 4-6m Deciduous

Photinia glabra ‘Robusta’ Photinia ‘Robusta’ Rosaceae Exotic 3-5m 2-3m Evergreen Y

Pistacia chinensis Chinese Pistachio Anacardiaceae Exotic 8-10m 6-8m Deciduous Pittosporum bicolor Bicolour Kohuhu / Cheesewood Pittosporaceae Tasmanian native 4-6m 3-5m Evergreen Y Y

Pittosporum eugenioides 'Variegatum' Variegated Lemonwood Pittosporaceae Exotic 4-6m 3-5m Evergreen Y Y

Platanus x acerifolia 'Bloodgood' Bloodgood' Plane Tree Platanaceae Exotic 12-15m 6-10m Deciduous

Pomaderris apetala Common Dogwood / Native Hazel Rhamnaceae Native 5-6m 3-5m Evergreen Y Y

Populus simonii Simons Poplar Salicaceae Exotic 15-18m 6-8m Deciduous Pyrus calleryana Ornamental Pear (+ Cultivars) Rosaceae Exotic 9-12m 3-7m Deciduous

Quercus bicolor Swamp White Oak Fagaceae Exotic 12-18m 10-12m Deciduous

Quercus canariensis Algerian Oak Fagaceae Exotic 12-19m 10-13m Deciduous Y

Quercus cerris Turkey Oak Fagaceae Exotic 12-18m 10-14m Deciduous Y

Quercus coccinea Scarlet Oak Fagaceae Exotic 15-18m 10-12m Deciduous

Quercus garryana Garry Oak / Oregon White Oak Fagaceae Exotic 15-20m 10-15m Deciduous Y

Quercus ilex Holm Oak Fagaceae Exotic 10-15m 8-12m Evergreen

Quercus palustris Pin Oak Fagaceae Exotic 15-18m 10-12m Deciduous

Quercus palustris 'Pringreen' Green Pillar Green Pillar Oak Fagaceae Exotic 10-14m 2-3m Deciduous

Quercus robur English Oak Fagaceae Exotic 15-18m 12-16m Deciduous

Quercus rubra Northern Red Oak Fagaceae Exotic 15-18m 10-15m Deciduous

Quercus velutina Black Oak Fagaceae Exotic 12-18m 10-15m Deciduous Y

Quercus × bimundorum Hybrid White Oak Fagaceae Exotic 10-15m 8-10m Deciduous

Sophora microphylla Kowhai Fabaceae Exotic 6-10m 4-6m Deciduous Y

Syzygium australe Lilly Pilly (+ Cultivars) Myrtaceae Native 4-8m 3-5m Evergreen Y

Syzygium australe 'Select' Select Lilly Pilly Myrtaceae Native 4-8m 3-5m Evergreen Y

Syzygium smithii 'Minor' Dwarf Lilly Pilly Myrtaceae Native 3-6m 2-4m Evergreen Y

Tilia americana American Linden / Basswood Malvaceae Exotic 10-14m 8-12m Deciduous Y

Tilia cordata Small-Leaved Lime Malvaceae Exotic 12-16m 8-12m Deciduous

Tilia cordata 'Greenspire’ Greenspire’ Lime Malvaceae Exotic 8-10m 6-8m Deciduous

Tilia × europaea European Linden / Lime Malvaceae Exotic 12-18m 8-12m Deciduous

Tristaniopsis laurina (inc. 'Luscious') Water Gum Myrtaceae Native 6-10m 4-6m Evergreen Y

Ulmus americana 'Valley Forge' American Elm Ulmaceae Exotic 15-20m 10-15m Deciduous Y

Botanical Name

Ulmus davidiana var. japonica x pumila 'Sapporo Autumn Gold' Sapporo Autumn Gold Elm Ulmaceae Exotic 12-15m 8-10m Deciduous

Ulmus minor Field Elm Ulmaceae Exotic 15-20m 10-15m Deciduous

Ulmus parvifolia 'Todd' Chinese Elm Ulmaceae Exotic 8-10m 8-10m Semideciduous

Ulmus procera English Elm Ulmaceae Exotic 16-20m 12-14m Deciduous

Zelkova serrata 'Musashino' Japanese Elm Ulmaceae Exotic 10-12m 6-10m Deciduous

Zelkova serrata 'Green Vase' Japanese Zelkova Ulmaceae Exotic 10-15m 6-10m Deciduous