Part D - Local Character Areas

D

CITY OF CANADA BAY Development Control Plan

Part D

Local Character Areas

PART D - LOCAL CHARACTER AREAS Housing character in Canada Bay..........................................................................................D-2 Late Victorian Cottages (1880-1895).......................................................................................D-2 Victorian Italianate Houses (1880-1895).................................................................................D-3 Federation Houses (1896-1918)...............................................................................................D-4 California Bungalow Style Houses (1918-1930).....................................................................D-5 Moderne Bungalows (1930s)....................................................................................................D-6 NOTE: Information will be added to this section following further studies and consultations.

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CITY OF CANADA BAY

Late VictorianControl Cottages Development Plan (1880-1895) Part D Local Character Areas

Throughout Canada Bay there are still examples of late Victorian cottages built during the 1880s and 1890s. Most of these are clad with weatherboard and corrugated iron roofing, although some have been built of brick and roofed with slates. Most are simple, symmetrically fronted workers’ cottages which show a strong Georgian influence.

Housing character in Canada Bay

Late Victorian Cottages (1880-1895)

These cottages are now rare and as such they are the last remnants The dominant housing styles in a street often Throughout Canada Bay there are still examples of of the early formative years of the suburban development of Canada contribute to the amenity of an area. In this regard, late Victorian cottages built during the 1880s and Baymany duringofthe second half of the 19th century. Their conservation 1890s. is the streets in Canada Bay have groups of Most of these are clad with weatherboard and therefore extremely important. houses with consistent form, scale and materials. corrugated iron roofing, although some have been It is not their specific historical significance nor Refer to Illustration 5.1. individual architectural merits that makes houses so crucial to the character of Canada Bay,but more significantly their value as a grouping of complementary houses.

Alterations to houses are possible, but only where the character of the street is maintained. This means that changes to (including first floor additions) and even replacement of these houses is possible, but the overwhelming criteria is the reinforcement of the original streetscapes.

built of brick and roofed with slates. Most are simple, symmetrically fronted workers’ cottages which show a strong Georgian influence.

These cottages are now rare and as such they are the last remnants of the early formative years of the suburban development of Canada Bay during the second half of the 19th century. Their conservation is therefore extremely important.

Although examples of other housing types are found in Canada Bay, there are five predominant styles which have fundamentally shaped the visual character of Canada Bay’s streets:

Simply detailed chimneys Corrugated iron roof

Front verandah Symmetrical facade to street Weatherboard cladding or masonry

Stylised example of a Victorian Cottage

Illustration 5.1 Stylised example of a Victorian cottage © 2009 | www.integrateddesignsolutions.com.au

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CITY OF CANADA BAY Development Control Plan

Part D

Local Character Areas

Victorian Italianate Houses (1880-1895) Victorian Italianate Houses (1880-1895)

Canada Bay has some good examples of Victorian Canada Bay has some good examples of Victorian Italianate houses Italianate houses built in the 1880s and 1890s. built in the 1880s and 1890s. These houses are usually built of These houses are usually built of rendered masonry rendered masonry with a roof of slates (sometimes replaced with with a roof of slates (sometimes replaced with tiles). tiles). The houses have asymmetric fronts, often with a projecting wing The houses have asymmetric fronts, often with houses a terminating a verandah.

Bay windows are common in these projecting wing terminating a verandah.

Bay windows and the window and door openings are usually embellished with are common in details. these houses and the window and decorative rendered door openings are usually embellished with decorative details.

A rendered small number of these houses survive in the older parts of Canada Bay and illustrate the early years of the suburban development of the A small number of these houses survive in the older area. Their conservation is extremely important. parts of Canada Bay and illustrate the early years of the suburban development of the area. Their Refer to Illustration 5.2. conservation is extremely important.

Chimney with decorative cornices and pots Slate or tiled roof

Bay window

Rendered walls with decorative details Verandah with decorative iron lace or timberwork Iron palisade fence with rendered or stone piers

Stylised example of a Victorian House

Illustration 5.2 Stylised example of a Victorian house © 2009 | www.integrateddesignsolutions.com.au

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Development Control Plan CITY OF CANADA BAY Development Control Plan

Part D

Local Character Areas

Federation Houses (1896-1918)

In some parts of Canada Bay, there are very fine examples of Federation Period houses, also known as Queen Anne Style or Edwardian houses. These were built around the turn of the century and in the years leading up to(1896-1918) World War 1. These houses showed Federation Houses an interest in the use and expression of natural materials such as In some of Canada very brick, timber,parts slate and tiles. TheBay, designthere of theare house wasfine usually examplesasymmetric of Federation Period houses, also known roof deliberately with interest taken in creating interesting as Queen Anne Style or houses.

These forms.

Generous verandahs areEdwardian a typical feature of the period. were built around the turn of the century and in the yearshouses leading up to World Thesethey houses These are significant in theWar area1. because represent the first signs coming middle and the growth showed anofinterest in theclass useaffluence and expression ofofAustralian Canada They are also the first naturalnationalism materialsinsuch as Bay. brick, timber, slate indicators of the suburbanisation of Canada houses, and tiles.

The design of the house Bay. was These usually particularly whereasymmetric they survive inwith groups, are also extremely deliberately interest taken in important tocreating the heritage and period roof character of Canada Bay. verandahs interesting forms.

Generous

These houses are significant in the area because they represent the first signs of coming middle class affluence and the growth of Australian nationalism in Canada Bay. They are also the first indicators of the suburbanisation of Canada Bay. These houses, particularly where they survive in groups, are also extremely important to the heritage and period character of Canada Bay.

are a typical feature of the period.

Refer to Illustration 5.3.

Prominent roof line includes chimneys Slate and / or terracota tiled roof with mix of hips and gables

Gabled front with decorative timber battens

Decorative timberwork to verandah Face brick walls

Stylised example of a Federation House

Variety of window types

Illustration 5.3 Stylised example of a Federation House © 2009 | www.integrateddesignsolutions.com.au

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CITY OF CANADA BAY Development Control Plan

Part D

Local Character Areas

California Bungalow Style Houses (1918-1930)

The California Bungalow Style cottage was influenced by the low pitched, ranch style houses of California advertised in popular magazines of the 1920s. The Australian version of (1918-1930) the style California Bungalow Style Houses incorporated terracotta tiled and/or slate roofing with brick walls. It The California Bungalow Style cottage was is typically identified by the use of low slung gabled roofsinfluenced facing the by the Alow pitched, ranchbestyle street. verandah will usually foundhouses under oneofofCalifornia the gables

advertised in popular magazines of the 1920s. The Australian version of theworking style incorporated Due to its popularity amongst class families andterracotta small builders the Californian Bungalow became typicalIthouse style in tiled and/or slate roofing with brickthe walls. is typically the 1920s and period when much ofroofs Canada Bay identified by early the 1930s, use ofthe low slung gabled facing underwent its greatest development.

Concord in particular has the street. A verandah will usually be found under large one areas where the California Bungalow is the dominant style of housing. of the gables Large groups of California Bungalow style houses have created some very attractive streetscapes.

Due to its popularity amongst working class families

and small builders the Californian Bungalow became Refer to Illustration 5.4. the typical house style in the 1920s and early 1930s, the period when much of Canada Bay underwent its greatest development. Concord in particular has large areas where the California Bungalow is the dominant style of housing. Large groups of California Bungalow style houses have created some very attractive streetscapes.

Brick chimney with terractota pots Terracotta tiled roof with gables facing the street

Timber shingles and / or battened fibro trim to gables Face brick walls Casement windows

Low fence of brick piers and panels with metal pipe rail

Stylised example of a California Bungalow

Illustration 5.4 Stylised example of a Californian bungalow house © 2009 | www.integrateddesignsolutions.com.au

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Development Control Plan CITY OF CANADA BAY Development Control Plan

Part D

Local Character Areas

Moderne Bungalows (1930s)

When the Great Depression began in 1929, many of the newer subdivisions of Canada Bay remained incomplete, and entire sections remained either unsold or undeveloped. Many of these sites remained vacant throughout the early 1930s, and by the time that they were Moderne Bungalows (1930s) developed during the late 1930s, a general change in social mood and When thetaste Great 1929, many community had Depression occurred. The began vibrancyin and spirit of hope evoked ofthe theCalifornian newer subdivisions Canada by Bungalow styleof cottages gaveBay wayremained to a more sombre incomplete, and entire remained either and less costly version of the sections Australian suburban house, which is unsold Many these remained known as or theundeveloped.

Moderne Bungalow style.ofThe stylesites of house was similar throughout by styles the time invacant bulk, scale and typicalthe floorearly plan to1930s, previousand house of the area, it was characterised by during a markedthe simplification of external that but they were developed late 1930s, a features and a relatively sombre choice of brickwork and roof tile colour general change in social mood and community taste emphasised by the low horizontal lines. Roofs were usually simple had occurred. hipped forms, sometimes with a secondary hipped roof over a deep The vibrancy andbrick spirit of hope evoked was by the verandah with heavy piers.

Embellishment often limited to Californian Bungalow style cottages way to a small areas of decorative brickwork and simplegave bay windows. more sombre and less costly version of the Australian Some areas of Canadawhich Bay, particularly west, have very suburban house, is knowntowards as thethe Moderne good examples of thisThe stylestyle in large Bungalow style. of groups. house The wasModerne similarbungalows in ofbulk, Canada Bayand blendtypical very well with plan the Californian Bungalow style scale floor to previous house houses, and reinforces the early Inter-War character of many of styles of the area, but it was characterised by a Canada Bay’s streets. marked simplification of external features and a

Roofs were usually simple hipped forms, sometimes with a secondary hipped roof over a deep verandah with heavy brick piers. Embellishment was often limited to small areas of decorative brickwork and simple bay windows.

Some areas of Canada Bay, particularly towards the west, have very good examples of this style in large groups. The Moderne bungalows of Canada Bay blend very well with the Californian Bungalow style houses, and reinforces the early Inter-War character of many of Canada Bay’s streets.

relatively sombre choice of brickwork and roof tile Refer to Illustration 5.5. by the low horizontal lines. colour emphasised

Dark red tiled hip roof Red or dark brick walls

Bay window with flat roof Low brick pier and panel fence

Stylised example of a Moderne Bungalow

Verandah with brick piers and balustrade

Illustration 5.5 Stylised example of a Moderne Bungalow © 2009 | www.integrateddesignsolutions.com.au

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