Guide
In Memoriam
Ways of Knowing and Being
BY DAN AND ALBERTA BILLY
Alberta Billy / Wadzeed
1941 – 2022
“PRECIOUS ONE”
“My involvement in this work is driven by my desire for visitors to listen to our people, and for our ways of life to be acknowledged and respected.”
As Indigenous people, we are part of a living culture. We move forward as a people by continuing the sacred teachings that our Ancestors kept alive for us.
Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ, when translated to English, means unkillable worm. It’s a sea creature that lives in the ocean and cannot be destroyed. If you cut it in half, it won’t die but will continue to multiply. No matter how you try to destroy this creature, it continues to live. The Liǧʷ łdax̌ʷ People will always be here. We are people of strength and resilience and are working towards reclaiming the strength that our Ancestors carried, as it was impacted due to colonization.
Our Elders find it hard to talk about who we are as a people in terms of heritage, and they feel that is not the right word.
The right way to talk about our people is in terms of our living culture that represents who we are as Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ People. Our culture comes from the land. Songs, dances, language, ways of viewing the world and how we lived are all rooted in our relationship to the natural world. We are Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ. We have existed since time immemorial, and we will always be here.
Acknowledgements
The City of Campbell River gratefully acknowledges the invaluable guidance and wisdom of the Elders, the Members of We Wai Kai and Wei Wai Kum First Nations, and their respective Chief and Council in the development of this Indigenous Tourism Guide.
We thank the staff at the Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ Research Centre for their dedication and leadership which formed the heart of this guide.
This guide was made possible through funding provided by the Indigenous Tourism Association of British Columbia and Destination BC.
Welcome
We are proud to introduce this first-of-its-kind Liǧʷiɫdax̌ʷ Tourism Guide, developed in collaboration with the Liǧʷiɫdax̌ʷ Nations, who for centuries have been stewards of the land now commonly known as Campbell River.
For thousands of years, the Liǧʷiɫdax̌ʷ people have nurtured and protected these lands, and this guide offers visitors an unparalleled opportunity to experience their rich cultural history and traditions. Led by the We Wai Kai, Wei Wai Kum, and Kwiakah Nations, the guide showcases Indigenous-owned businesses, cultural landmarks, and unique tourism experiences that highlight the enduring connection between the Liǧʷiɫdax̌ʷ Nations and their ancestral territories.
As you explore Campbell River, you will be invited to learn about the ancient practices, art, stories, and ways of life that continue to thrive in the region today. This guide will deepen your appreciation of the local Indigenous history and perspectives, which are intricately woven into the natural beauty and modern life of Campbell River.
Together, we celebrate the vibrant communities of the Liǧʷ ɫdax̌ʷ Nations, honoring their past, present, and future. We extend our heartfelt gratitude to the Liǧʷiɫdax̌ʷ Nations for their leadership in the creation of this guide and for their continued hospitality to all who visit the Campbell River region.
ROSE KLUKAS
Director of Economic Development & Indigenous Relations
The City of Campbell River
How to use this guide
This Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ Tourism Guide is designed to enrich your journey through Campbell River by highlighting the Indigenous culture and traditions that are deeply rooted in this land.
While the Campbell River Visitor’s Guide provides you with information about attractions, accommodations, and activities across the city, this guide serves as a companion to help you discover the cultural layers that make your visit truly unique.
We recommend using both guides together to explore all that Campbell River has to offer, with a focus on experiencing the living history of the We Wai Kai, Wei Wai Kum, and Kwiakah Nations. As you follow the recommendations in this guide, you’ll encounter Indigenous-owned businesses, historical sites, and cultural landmarks that showcase the vibrant traditions of the Liǧʷ łdax̌ʷ people.
Plan Your Visit
Review both the Campbell River Visitor’s Guide and the Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ Tourism Guide to map out your trip.
Look for destinations where natural beauty and Indigenous history intersect—whether it’s a cultural tour, an art gallery, or a locally owned business.
Engage with Indigenous Experiences
Seek opportunities to explore a window into the traditions, art, and stories of the Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ people.
These experiences will deepen your connection to the land and its original stewards.
Respect the Land and Culture
As you explore, remember that many of the sites you will visit are part of the Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ Nations’ ancestral territories. Approach these places with respect, mindful of their significance to the local communities.
Enhance Your Knowledge
Take the time to read the stories and background provided in this guide. Many locations featured have deep historical and cultural importance, and learning about them will give you a richer, more meaningful experience.
Support Indigenous Businesses
By choosing to engage with Indigenous-owned businesses and services, you contribute to the ongoing vitality of the Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ Nations.
We hope this guide helps you explore Campbell River through a new lens—one that highlights the enduring connection between the Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ Nations and their lands, and encourages you to learn from the history, stories, and wisdom that continue to thrive today.
Liǧʷiłda Territory
This map shows the unceded Territory of the Li Peoples. It shows historic use of the land and waters of Vancouver Island and the mainland of British Columbia, well beyond the modern boundaries of the Campbell River region today.
The Liǧʷiɫdax̌ʷ Story
The story according to oral history which has been passed down through generations is as follows: Wekai is the first ancestor of the Liǧʷ ɫdax̌ʷ people. His story begins at Təka, a place now known as Read Bay in Topaze Harbour. It is said that Wekai descended from the sky and took on human form, becoming the first of the Liǧʷ ɫdax̌ʷ people.
Later in his life, Wekai had a dream that warned him of a great flood. To protect his people, he began preparing. He wove a long cedar rope and tied it to a rock at the top of a mountain near Təka. He then carved several canoes, filled them with supplies, and secured them to the mountain using the rope. When the floodwaters came, Wekai’s preparations allowed him to save many people from his village.
Throughout his life, Wekai traveled to many places, gaining important rights and responsibilities for the Liǧʷiɫdax̌ʷ people, securing their place in the land and waters that have always been their home.
Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ History
Since time beyond memory, waterways and lands have been tended, stewarded and managed by Indigenous peoples. Each Nation has their own origin story and ancestor legends.
The Liǧʷiɫdax̌ʷ are made up of several groups who share a common history, ancestor and language. The Liǧʷiɫdax̌ʷ people have long called a vast territory their home, far
By the time foreign explorers first arrived, the Liǧʷiɫdax̌ʷ had established village sites in strategic locations across their territory, controlling the northern part of Liǧʷ łdax̌ʷ Passage
The colonial period brought profound changes for the
In the 1870s and 1880s, Indigenous lands were of interest to the Crown and settlers and the Liǧʷ łdax̌ʷ were forced onto small reserves. Despite this, they adapted quickly to new circumstances, becoming key players in the fishing industry by the early 1900s, working as fishing guides and for local canneries. Even though colonial laws outlawed traditional fish traps, the Liǧʷ ɫdax̌ʷ remained central to the fishing industry, and by the mid-20th century, their participation outnumbered that of any other Nation. Many Liǧʷiɫdax̌ʷ people also worked in the forestry sector or divided their time between fishing and forestry.
Today, the Liǧʷiɫdax̌ʷ continue to assert their right to self-governance through modern treaty processes. They actively work with the government to restore their traditional Lik̓ʷala names across their lands and waters and are seeking to regain management and decision-making authority throughout their territory. The strength of their culture and traditions endures, as the Liǧʷiɫdax̌ʷ people continue to thrive and shape the future of Campbell River.
Lik̓ʷala
Lik̓ʷala is the language of the Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ people. Throughout this guide, you will see several Lik̓ʷala words, often followed by their English translation.
Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ Art
Totem Poles
There are several totem poles easily accessible around Campbell River. Totem poles hold deep cultural significance for the Liǧʷ łdax̌ʷ people. Far more than just art, they serve as monumental storyboards that capture and preserve the histories, lineages, and significant events of the community. At the heart of many totem poles are family crests, known as kisu, which depict animals or beings with ancestral connections to each numayəm, or family group. These crests, along with the stories they represent, have been passed down through generations, serving as enduring symbols of the values and cultural traditions of Li
dax̌ʷ families.
Traditionally, totem poles were positioned to face the water, as it was the main route of travel in the region. Today, many poles are oriented to face modern access points such as highways and roads, ensuring that these powerful cultural symbols remain visible and accessible to all.
Totem poles come in various forms, including:
Memorial Poles
To honour deceased family members and ancestors.
Welcoming Poles
Positioned at village entrance ways by land and water to greet visitors and symbolize a community’s hospitality.
Totem Pole Visitation Etiquette
Respect the Poles
Totem poles are sacred cultural symbols. Please do not touch or climb on them.
Photography
While photography is usually allowed, always be respectful and mindful of any signage requesting no photos, especially near private homes or cemeteries.
Timing
Many totem poles are in public spaces and available to view year-round, but if you visit during a cultural festival, you might witness ceremonies or dances connected to these iconic works of art. Please be respectful of this and keep your distance.
Grave Poles and Mortuary Poles
Commemorative markers in cemeteries, with mortuary poles acting as coffins in traditional times.
Territorial Poles
To mark the boundaries of a group’s territory, signaling ownership and authority to outsiders.
Poles on Private Property
Please note there are some Indigenous poles that should not be visited by the public as they have sacred meaning. Please refrain from visiting or taking photographs of the following poles, should you encounter them:
• Kwanwatsi Bighouse - Memorial Pole for the late Ernest Getla Henderson
• Thunderbird Hall - Memorial Pole for the late Bill Roberts
• Carihi School - Friendship Pole
• Wei Wai Kum Cemetery - Memorial Poles
Reliefs and Carvings
Beyond totem poles, Liǧʷ łdax̌ʷ culture is showcased through a variety of art pieces found throughout Campbell River including various reliefs and carvings. The following collection highlights unique pieces that make Campbell River stand out for its celebration of Indigenous collaboration and its commitment to honoring the land and its people.
Campbell River Totem Pole Tour
The following tour through the City of Campbell River can be enjoyed at your own pace, using whichever mode of transportation is most comfortable for you—whether on foot, by bike, or by vehicle. For a deeper understanding of the area’s rich history, Elders recommend starting your journey at the Museum at Campbell River. Here, you’ll gain valuable insights into the long-standing history of the Indigenous peoples in the region, setting the stage for an enriched experience as you explore the city.
Museum at Campbell River (Treasures of Siwidi)
470 Island Highway
In a small, softly lit theatre, a dramatic light and sound show brings the story of The Treasures of Siwidi to life through a stunning display of masks. Among them is the mask of Komogwey, the “Chief of the Undersea World.” Visitors can enjoy a five-minute presentation featuring these remarkable masks, narrated by a local Chief who powerfully shares the ancient traditions of his ancestors.
Masked dance dramas are a key part of Kwakwaka’wakw potlatches, where performances re-enact legendary encounters between heroic ancestors and supernatural beings. The rights to these stories, and their artistic representation, are passed down through generations and remain the exclusive property of high-ranking Kwakwaka’wakw families.
Thunderbird Bear Pole (Museum at Campbell River)
470 Island Highway
Artist: Original carved by Sam Henderson; 1967 Replacement carved by Bill Henderson, Junior Henderson, Greg Henderson, the late Pat Hunt and William Henderson Jr.; 2017
The original 20-foot pole, carved in 1967 by the late Sam Henderson, was removed in 2001 as part of a downtown revitalization project. After being relocated to the new Museum at Campbell River grounds, the pole endured heavy southeastern rain and snow, becoming so deteriorated that further restoration was impossible.
Bill and Junior began carving a replacement pole, but the project was interrupted by the sudden passing of Bill’s brother. The late Mark Henderson, a skilled painter, had meticulously mixed the paints used on the pole, a detail that honored his involvement in this significant family project. The new pole was raised in 2017, placed in a protected spot on the Museum grounds, and blessed by the Henderson family.
Potlatches
Potlatches are significant ceremonial gatherings in many Indigenous cultures, particularly among First Nations on the Northwest Coast. These events are hosted to mark important occasions such as births, marriages, name-giving, and funerals. Potlatches are a way to share wealth, affirm social status, and strengthen community ties. During the ceremony, hosts express generosity and leadership by giving to their guests.
Traditionally, the intention was for the host to give everything, for giving all of one’s material wealth was an ultimate expression of generosity and care. Potlatches also include sharing ceremonial prerogatives, including dances, songs, and histories, reflecting deep cultural traditions and reinforcing connections to the past, land, and family. Potlatches are a vital part of Indigenous governance and cultural expression.
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Quinsam Crossing
Welcoming Figures
150 Brant Drive
The figures were inspired by three poles that once stood in the same poses at a Liǧʷiɫdax̌ʷ village near Cape Mudge, Quadra Island. The positions of these three figures are meant to represent a hospitable welcome, and a willingness to share food and stories.
Artist Spotlight: Max Chickite
Max Chickite, born in 1958, is a We Wai Kai artist and a proud member of the Liǧʷiɫdax̌ʷ Nation from Cape Mudge on Quadra Island, BC. As the great-grandson of Chief Johnny Chickite, Max’s deep connection to his culture has shaped his artistic journey from a young age. By age eleven, he was already drawing, painting, and carving, laying the foundation for a flourishing career.
In 1997, Max’s exceptional carving skills drew the attention of The Walt Disney Company, that hired him as a sculptor for the film “Eaters of the Dead.” That same year, he was nominated for “Citizen of the Year” in Campbell River. Max is passionate about sharing his knowledge of First Nations art, often volunteering at local schools to teach and inspire young artists.
Today, Max divides his time between carving, spending time with his grandchildren, and continuing to pursue his art, all while sharing his rich cultural history with the world.
Walmart Plaza Welcoming Figures
1477 Island Highway
Artists: Junior Henderson; Bill Henderson, Greg Henderson, 2006
Carved to stand as a reminder that the plaza remains Wei Wai Kum land. T´łisala, the Lik̓ʷala word for “sun,” is a figure from the sky who became the first ancestor of several Kwakwaka’wakw families. One story tells of T´łisala wearing abalone-shell earrings, and as he walks across the sky, the sunlight reflects off the shells, creating daylight for the world.
Adjacent is a pole featuring the Thunderbird atop the Wild Woman of the Woods, a powerful figure known by many names, including Tsonoqua, Dzunuk’wa, Th’owxiya, and the Wealth Giver. In Liǧʷiɫdax̌ʷ culture, she is a mysterious giantess, often depicted with pursed lips as she lets out her eerie cry, “Huuu! Huuu!” This call echoes through the forest, warning children who wander too far from safety. While she is feared for her role in keeping children close to home, she is also honored as a bringer of wisdom, good fortune, and the ability to shape-shift. She carries a basin of water with the power to transform the ugly into the beautiful and even revive the dead.
Artist Spotlight: Bill Henderson
Born into the Wei Wai Kum First Nation in 1950, Bill Henderson is the son of renowned carver Sam Henderson (1905–1982) and May Quocksister Henderson. From a young age, Bill was captivated by the world of carving, learning by watching his self-taught father at work.
At just seven years old, Bill carved a small whale plaque for his Grade 1 teacher—a piece that still hangs proudly at Campbellton School today. As a child, he spent countless hours in his father’s shed, sketching and painting figures from Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ history on scraps of plywood. Remarkably, this is the same shed where Bill continues to carve nearly 50 years later.
Bill follows traditional methods passed down through generations, crafting his own tools from old fishing net knives, which he bends, tempers, sharpens, and attaches to cedar handles with twine.
Now recognized as a Northwest Coast Master Carver, Bill shares his knowledge with the next generation. His masks, bowls, paddles, and other works of art can be found in collections around the world.
Arch on ʔuxstalis (Tyee Spit) 3200 Spit Road
Artists: Junior Henderson, Karver Everson & Ernie Puglas; 2024
The carvings on this arch depict two Xwi Xwi dancers as the pillars, with the Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ sea worm held above them. In the Lik̓ʷala language, “Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ” refers to a large sea worm that cannot easily be killed—when cut apart, its pieces survive and swim away. This remarkable arch was completed in just three days, a testament to the extraordinary skill of the carvers. Junior Henderson carved the sea worm crossbeam, while Ernie and Karver each carved one of the Xwi Xwi dancers.
There are many stories about how the Xwi Xwi dance became part of Liǧʷiɫdax̌ʷ culture. In one tale, the Xwi Xwi was included as part of a dowry in a marriage. The mask often features animals, typically birds, protruding from its head, and the dancer carries rattles made from scallop shells strung on a hoop, representing the shaking of the earth.
Chiefs Figure Pole
1482 Island Highway
Artists: John Henderson & the late Pat Hunt; 2009
This pole, a chief’s figure recognizable by the woven cedar headband and traditional cedar-bark skirt, symbolizes the deep cultural importance of cedar to the Liǧʷiɫdax̌ʷ people. The chief holds up a young girl to remind onlookers of the importance of holding on to our future. When the retail store was being built, Wei Kai Kum carvers wanted to acknowledge the employment opportunities it would create for the Nation’s youth.
Cedar, proclaimed British Columbia’s official tree in 1988, thrives in the cool, moist conditions of the province’s inland temperate rainforests. The tree has many names: Pacific redcedar, giant cedar, canoe cedar, and giant arborvitae. While not a true cedar, it belongs to the cypress family, and its Latin name, “arborvitae,” meaning “tree of life,” speaks to its vital significance.
Discovery Harbour Centre Welcoming Figures
“Thunderbird is kind of like the mascot of the plaza,” says carver Bill Henderson about his 1998 work. The Thunderbird, large enough to carry a whale in its talons, is often depicted this way. Known as a protector of the people, Thunderbird helps by lifting great house beams with its talons. The Thunderbird and salmon carvings celebrate the enduring connection between the Li 7 8
1416 Island Highway & 1360 Island Highway
Artists: Bill Henderson, Junior Henderson; 1998
Carved around 1998 and refurbished in 2013 by Bill’s nephews, Junior and the late Mark Henderson, these welcoming figures are depicted with outstretched arms, a traditional gesture of hospitality and invitation to the territory.
The Thunderbird, a symbol of power, is one of the main crests of the Wei Wai Kum Nation. Known for creating storms, Thunderbird is believed to live high in the mountains and hunt killer whales using lightning snakes hidden beneath his wings. Often shown with wings spread at the top of a pole, Thunderbird resembles an eagle but can be distinguished by the curly horns on its head, symbolizing its supernatural powers.
Discovery Harbour
Wei Wai Kum House of Treasures Poles
1370 Island Highway
Artists: Bill Henderson & Junior Henderson; 1998
One pole depicts a kolus, young thunderbird, a whale, and a grizzly bear. The kolus is known for its thick coat of white down, as it is too young to have feathers. Another pole features the sun atop a tall pole, with a chief holding a copper, symbolizing wealth and power. The third pole shows an eagle and a sisiutl, a sea serpent. Unlike many other poles around town, these are not mounted on steel or cement bases; instead, they are sunk eight feet into the ground, making them a permanent part of the plaza.
Laichwiltach Family Life Society Pole
441 4th Avenue
Artists: Greg Henderson; 2015
The Laichwiltach Family Life Society is dedicated to supporting families and promoting their well-being. This totem, located outside the Laichwiltach Family Life Society office, symbolizes the powerful connections between mothers, Mother Earth, and the tree of life (cedar). It represents the passing of strength and wisdom through the generations, both now and into the future, symbolized by the sun.
Campbell River Labour Centre Pole
830 14th Ave
Artists: Chief John Speck, in honour of his father, the late Chief Henry Speck; 1997
This totem pole features a killer whale, a symbol of protection and a guardian of safe journeys. Known for traveling in close-knit family groups, the killer whale represents community and support. While not carved by a Liǧʷi
dax̌ʷ artist, it was carved by Speck as a project to teach carving techniques to members of the fishermen’s union during a strike, and it was praised by local First Nations, city officials, and labor leaders. Once painted in bold, vibrant colors, the pole has become weathered over time, with the trees overhead adding to its worn appearance. The orca’s fin has been missing for several years.
Ferry Ramp Pole
1003 Discovery Crescent
Artists: The late Sam Henderson; 1966
The late master carver Sam Henderson created this pole in 1966 as part of the ‘Route of the Totems’ initiative, commissioned by the Department of Highways to celebrate the centenary of the 1866 union of the colonies of Vancouver Island and mainland British Columbia. Originally placed at the Tsawwassen Ferry terminal, the pole was returned in 2005. Bill Henderson, Sam’s son, recalls helping to paint the pole at the age of 16 and later, as a master carver himself, restored it in 1995. Bill has restored several of his late father’s works over the years.
Foreshore Pavilion
985 Discovery Crescent
Artists: The late Sam Henderson, Henderson family, Ben Dick, Bob Neel, Eugene Alfred, Dodo (Dora) Cook; 1973
In 1972, thanks to a federal grant, the Campbell River Salmon Festival Committee embarked on a project to design and build a totem pavilion with the help of local First Nations artists. Two impressive 60-foot logs, donated from the Nimpkish Valley, part of one of the oldest timber-stands on northern Vancouver Island, were adzed (carved by hand tools) and left whole to showcase the grandeur of the region’s forests.
Master carver Sam Henderson and his family carved the two poles and crosspieces closest to the highway, while Bob Neel was responsible for the crosspiece and two totems with outstretched wings near the water.
Bob designed the poles, with carving assistance from Eugene Alfred, Nick Johnson, Carl Ashley, and Dora Cook, who also took on much of the painting.
Sequoia Park
The Pavilion’s design mirrors that of an open community house, traditionally used as a gathering place for conversations during long summer evenings. Dedicated at the 1973 Salmon Festival, the Pavilion was celebrated with songs and dances performed by members from Alert Bay, Campbell River, and Cape Mudge. It was then presented to the Municipality of Campbell River, with the responsibility of maintaining it for the enjoyment of both residents and visitors. 13 14
491 Island Highway
Artists: Max Chickite; 2012
Adorned with a beautiful abalone-inlaid cedar headband and holding a “copper,” a powerful symbol in Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ culture, this striking totem stands taller than the Torii Gate in the same park. The gate was a gift from Campbell River’s sister city, Ishikari, Japan. A totem, also carved by Bill Henderson, was gifted to Ishikari, further strengthening the bond between the two cities.
Simms Creek
1500 Block South Island Highway
Artists: Bill Henderson and Junior Henderson; 2011
This pair of human figures serves as a reminder of the people who once lived by this creek. The female figure is wrapped in a beautiful blanket adorned with a sisiutl (sea serpent) design, while the male figure holds a copper, a ceremonial symbol of wealth and high status. Each copper carries its own unique name, history, and value. In certain circumstances, coppers were broken for various reasons, and their value increased with each transfer of ownership. The purchase, sale, and even destruction of coppers are traditions that continue today in the big house ceremonies.
John Hart Dam
2200 Brewster Lake Road
Artists: Max Chickite, Jessica Chickite, Cody LaFrance, Thomas D. Hunt, Ray Shaw; 2019
The We Wai Kai Nation pole, carved by Max Chickite with assistance from Jessica Chickite and Cody LaFrance, features important cultural symbols, including an eagle, bear, salmon, and sisiutl (sea serpent). The Wei Wai Kum Nation pole, created by Thomas D. Hunt with his apprentice Ray Shaw, includes a thunderbird, bear, salmon, and a figure known as the human bubble man, all significant to the Nation’s history.
Reliefs on Home Depot
1482 Island Highway
Artists: The late Mulidzas-Curtis Wilson & Tom Hunt, 2008
In 2016, Ron Neufeld, the City of Campbell River’s general manager of operations, remarked that the poles provide “a real opportunity to tell the story of our watershed, share the history of the Snowden Forest, and reflect on how BC Hydro has utilized the watershed, while also celebrating our First Nations culture.” Wei Wai Kum Chief Councillor Chris Roberts reminds folks how the Nations “were never consulted on the original hydroelectric facilities or on its impact to our territory. The work done since 2007 has certainly helped, though deep emotions remain… we really appreciate BC Hydro’s idea to have these poles placed here, overlooking the river, to help to continue to move our relationship forward.”
There are three reliefs on the front of the Home Depot as a reminder that the plaza is on Wei Wai Kum land. The designs, including Thunderbird and salmon reliefs by Mulidzas-Curtis Wilson and a whale relief by Tom Hunt, celebrate the Nation’s culture and warmly welcome visitors to appreciate and respect the history of the area.
Displayed on several walls around the shopping centre, the two reliefs pictured here are of Eagle and Raven. Also featured are Thunderbird and it’s younger sibling Kolus, or “young thunderbird. Kolus is easily recognized by its blue beak and the eagle feather on its head, while Thunderbird is distinguished by its yellow beak and curling horns. These reliefs were beautifully repainted in 2023 by nephews of the original artist, Junior and Greg Henderson. 18
Cement Reliefs on Discovery Harbour Plaza
1416 Island Highway
Artists: Bill Henderson and the late Mark Henderson, 1998
final projects completed by the late Mark Henderson, these works carry special meaning. Thunderbird is depicted on the left, and Eagle on the right, both symbols of power and protection. The building also houses the Council Chambers and a small meeting room, reflecting the continued importance of leadership and community gatherings in Liǧʷiɫdax̌ʷ culture.
Quinsam Liquor Store & Starbucks
125 Brant Drive
Artists: Brent Smith, 2024
Brent’s intricate designs vividly reflect the traditions, stories, and natural landscapes of the region. Now a permanent feature at Quinsam Crossing, his artwork enhances the area’s beauty while fostering a deep sense of cultural pride within the community.
Recently, Brent’s custom privacy screens were unveiled at Canada’s first Indigenous-owned Starbucks, located on the We Wai Kai reserve. These unique screens transform an ordinary drive-through into an extraordinary art gallery, offering customers the opportunity to experience stunning Indigenous artwork while they wait, turning a routine coffee stop into a rich cultural journey.
Campbell River Community
Centre Chainsaw Carving
401-11th Ave
Artists: Rick Sewid, 2002
The cougar, known as bədi in the Lik̓ʷala language, is also referred to as the mountain lion, panther, or puma. As one of the most widespread large mammals in the world, the cougar is often called the “ghost cat” because it is rarely seen or heard by humans. Its ability to blend seamlessly into its surroundings and remain nearly scentless makes it elusive. For this reason, cougars are seldom depicted in Liǧʷi
dax̌ʷ masks or carvings. Typically solitary, these animals have territories that can stretch over 200 square kilometers.
Local Chainsaw Carving History
On Canada Day in 1996, the shores of Campbell River became the stage for something extraordinary. Renowned
Liǧʷiɫdax̌ʷ artist Max Chickite stood beside an old, weathered stump that had rested on the beach for years.
For ten hours, Max worked tirelessly, and from the rugged wood, a stunning figure took shape—a magnificent octopus, soon to be affectionately named “Octy.” This creation was Max’s gift to the city, symbolizing the artistry and deep connection to the sea that defines the region.
But just days after Octy’s completion, tragedy struck. Vandals severed and stole Octy’s head, leaving the community in shock. For 11 long days, the head was missing until it was discovered on a logging road, charred and damaged. Max, with his skilled hands and unwavering determination, repaired Octy’s head and restored the beloved octopus to its original glory.
This act of vandalism sparked something powerful in Campbell River. The community’s outrage over the damage to Octy inspired a new vision: if the city could rally so passionately around one carving, imagine how it might embrace a city filled with them. From this idea, the Driftwood-Carving Competition was born, leading to the launch of “Transformations on the Shore” in 1997. Since then, thousands of visitors and locals gather each year to watch carvers create stunning pieces, now displayed along the Sea Walk and throughout Campbell River.
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Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ Culture
iłdax̌ʷ territory is home to numerous culturally and naturally significant sites. Visitors will be captivated by
Kwanwatsi Big House
The Kwanwatsi Big House, meaning “House of Thunder,” is not a tourist attraction, and visitors are not encouraged to stop, though you may see it while driving through the city and wonder about its significance. Built in 1997, the Big House is used for cultural and social events and has a maximum capacity of 1,000 people. Located near Thunderbird Hall, the Big House features a stunning mural of Thunderbird and Sisiutl, painted by the late Mark Henderson. Inside, there are four traditional totem poles carved by his brother, Bill Henderson, representing the different family groups of the Wei Wai Kum First Nation.
Big Houses
Big Houses or the gukʷdᶻi, are the traditional homes of x̌ʷ people, and today are central to the culture and are important gathering places for a variety of community events. They are used for cultural ceremonies such as potlatches, weddings, and naming events, as well as for social and political gatherings. Big Houses are spaces where stories, traditions, and ancestral knowledge are shared, passed down through generations, and celebrated. They play a key role in maintaining cultural identity and fostering a sense of community, while also serving as places for spiritual practices and honoring connections to the land and ancestors.
Vancouver Island
1 2 3 4 5 6
Campbell River
Storytelling in Nature
Storytelling holds profound importance in Li
culture, serving as a way to pass down knowledge, values, and history through generations
It is not only a form of entertainment but also a powerful educational tool, preserving oral traditions and teachings about the land, ancestors, spirituality, and community. Stories are used to explain the origins of the world, convey moral lessons, and maintain cultural identity. Through storytelling, First Nations peoples ensure that their customs, language, and wisdom remain alive, fostering a deep connection to their roots and reinforcing the bonds between past, present, and future generations.
Stories and cultural significance for each numbered location are shared in the following pages. Every site features the Liǧʷi
dax̌ʷ history, traditional narratives, and deeper meaning behind these important places.
Miracle Beach
The name “Miracle Beach” comes from a Liǧʷiɫdax̌ʷ legend about a mysterious stranger who brought miracles to the Nation.
According to the story, the people of Cape Mudge welcomed this supernatural visitor with food and shelter. In return, he blessed them with wealth and prosperity but cautioned them against letting success lead to arrogance. Over time, the people grew too proud, and they were attacked by the Cowichans. The stranger returned to save them once more, and as a final reminder of his lesson, he performed one last miracle—transforming their princess into what we now know as Mitlenatch Island.
ʔuxstalis (Tyee Spit)
The history of ʔuxstalis, known today as Tyee Spit, stands as a powerful testament to the resilience and endurance of the Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ people.
Nestled along the scenic shores of Discovery Passage, this land holds stories of conflict, settlement, loss, and the ongoing journey toward reconciliation.
In the early 19th century, ʔuxstalis was a site of territorial conflict between the Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ and Salish-speaking peoples. Fortified villages and strategic defenses on the cliffs reflected the intensity of these disputes. By the late 1830s, the Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ had prevailed, expanding their territory to include the northern end of the Gulf of Georgia and the mouth of the Campbell River.
Once peace was established, the Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ built a permanent community at Discovery Passage, including ʔuxstalis. For generations, this area was home to traditional big houses and modern dwellings, surrounded by lands abundant in resources like plants, wildlife, and salmon. In 1863, recognizing the importance of this land to the Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ, the colonial government designated a reserve at the mouth of the Campbell River, including Tyee Spit. This reserve was officially surveyed and confirmed in 1888, securing ʔuxstalis as part of the Wei Wai Kum Indian Reserve.
However, the early 20th century brought challenges. The International Timber Company sought access to the Campbell River estuary, including parts of the reserve and Tyee Spit, for a sawmill. Under pressure from the Indian Agent and the RCMP, the Wei Wai Kum were coerced into selling 160 acres, including Tyee Spit, under questionable circumstances.
The community received minimal compensation and unfulfilled promises of lumber to rebuild. The Wei Wai Kum people believe this transaction was invalid, made under duress and without a proper understanding of the terms, especially during a time when their rights and cultural practices were severely restricted.
Though the sawmill was never built, the sale marked a significant shift for the Wei Wai Kum, who were forced to relocate southward. Today, after numerous transfers, ʔuxstalis is municipal property and a popular park for locals and visitors. However, the Wei Wai Kum continue to question the legitimacy of the original sale and seek reconciliation, envisioning a future where their ancestral lands are returned.
In the spirit of reconciliation, it is important to recognize the story of ʔuxstalis as part of our shared history. Wei Wai Kum Elders hold hope for the return of ʔuxstalis, allowing them to reclaim and strengthen their connection to the land. They invite the Campbell River community to join in this healing process, where addressing past injustices enriches everyone’s lives.
As you visit Tyee Spit, whether walking its shores or viewing the arch erected in 2024, imagine the grand cedar houses that once stood here, their painted fronts facing Quadra Island, a lasting testament to the Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ people and their rich history in this place.
Big Rock
Just south of the 50th parallel, along Campbell River’s SeaWalk, stands an impressive 10-meter glacial erratic known to locals as the Big Rock.
Its size is matched only by the legend that surrounds it. According to Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ tradition, this massive stone was once a mighty grizzly bear, determined to leap from the mainland to Vancouver Island. For days, the bear practiced, tearing up hills and valleys with his powerful paws, leaving deep marks across the land.
Despite a warning from the Great Spirit—that he would turn to stone if even a single paw touched the water—the bear grew increasingly confident with each attempt. On the day of the leap, filled with pride, he launched himself across the strait, his body soaring through the air.
However, in his overconfidence, he failed to account for unusually high tides. As he neared the island, his back paw brushed the water’s surface, and in that instant, the Great Spirit’s warning came true—the proud grizzly was transformed into the massive rock that stands today.
Some Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ Elders say that this moment not only sealed the bear’s fate but also explains why no grizzlies live on Vancouver Island, as if the island itself remembers the bear’s ill-fated leap. Now, Big Rock serves as a lasting reminder of the delicate balance between the land, its creatures, and the powerful forces that shape their stories.
Ripple Rock Trail
Just north of Campbell River lies a stunning 8.5 km out-and-back trail leading to the bluffs above the western entrance to Seymour Narrows.
Although considered a moderately challenging hike, this route takes you through an area steeped in history. Seymour Narrows was once the location of Ripple Rock, an underwater mountain known in Lik̓ʷala as mətane (ma-tawn-ay), named after the horse clam (Tresus capax). The waters around Ripple Rock, at the right tide, would shoot upwards like the water from a buried horse clam, making this section of the passage perilous. Boats of all sizes had to wait for slack tide—the calmest moment—before attempting to pass through.
The treacherous waters also made this a strategic location for the Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ people, who asserted their sovereignty over the region. Known as Yaculta Rapids until 1846, the area was named after the Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ, who charged tolls for travelers seeking safe passage. Some members of the Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ Nation were even skilled pilots, guiding vessels through the dangerous currents. Despite this, most mariners chose a longer, safer route, traveling south and then north along the island’s west coast to avoid the Narrows.
By the 1940s, Canada decided that Ripple Rock posed too great a hazard to maritime traffic. Responsible for sinking or damaging at least 20 large vessels and many smaller ones, and having claimed 114 lives, the decision was made to remove the obstacle. On April 5, 1958, in one of the largest non-nuclear explosions ever recorded, 635,000 tonnes of rock and water were blasted more than 300 meters into the air, forever removing mətane from the Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ world.
If you take this hike, as you sit overlooking the swirling whirlpools and currents below, reflect on what it must have been like to navigate these waters in a canoe, relying on intimate knowledge of the tides. Consider the early sailing ships, at the mercy of wind and currents, often assisted by Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ pilots. And finally, imagine the sheer force of the explosion in 1958—the sound, the shaking, and the impact it had on the land and people nearby. This unique place is well worth the visit.
Elk Falls
Elk Falls, known to the Li Kʷənkʷadᶻi, meaning “thunder river,” has long been a place of wonder and beauty, captivating all who visit.
Nestled in the heart of Campbell River, this majestic waterfall is more than just a scenic landmark—it holds centuries of stories, traditions, and memories for the Liǧʷiɫdax̌ʷ people.
When settlers arrived in the early 20th century, drawn to the rugged beauty of the land, they too were struck by the powerful presence of Elk Falls. Officially named in 1952, the falls had already been known by the Liǧʷiɫdax̌ʷ for generations. While proposals emerged to harness its power for industrial use, both settlers and the Li that Kʷənkʷadᶻi’s significance e
A visit to Elk Falls offers much more than a view of its thundering waters. Visitors can explore old-growth forests, cross the iconic suspension bridge, and immerse themselves in the serene natural surroundings. Whether you are drawn to the mist rising from the falls or the peaceful sounds of the river winding through the trees, Elk Falls provides an unforgettable experience that connects you to the wild beauty of Vancouver Island.
Although the John Hart Dam brought development to the area, the legacy of Kʷənkʷadᶻi endures. Today, as visitors marvel at the falls, they are not only witnessing a stunning natural wonder but also stepping into a place rich with stories and traditions that have spanned millennia. Elk Falls remains a place of reflection, reminding all who visit of the enduring connection between the Liǧʷiɫda that has always been, and always will be, at the heart of this sacred place.
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Future Attractions
CNA River Route
The Campbellton Neighbourhood Association, in partnership with the Campbell River Rotary Club, is currently working on revitalizing a network of trails designed to guide cyclists through the historic Campbellton area. As one of the region’s oldest communities and formerly a separate municipality, Campbellton is rich in local history. Once the trail system is finished, with interpretive signs, visitors will be able to enjoy not only the beauty of the area but also learn about Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ history and culture alongside the local history that shaped Campbellton.
named Climbing Routes
Local climbing enthusiasts will soon be delighted with another recreation area nearby Campbell River. The Nations were delighted by the opportunity presented when a local doctor and climbing enthusiast asked to work with them to give the climbing area and its routes names in Lik’ʷala. So
Baikie Island / Raven Trails
In the 1950s, the Baikie brothers purchased the land using money they earned from logging. After building their mill in the early 1960s, they eventually sold the property. Subsequent owners expanded the mill, dredged a pond, and created a channel, turning a peninsula into what is now known as Baikie “Island,” to facilitate the movement of large log booms. At one time, the Campbell River was one of the most important rivers for chinook salmon, with a run that numbered 8,000 fish in 1965. However, by 1993, the population had dwindled to just 219 salmon. As the logging industry slowed, the era of sawmills on the property came to an end in 1998. In recent years, significant efforts by conservancy groups have been made to restore the estuary to its natural state. As part of this environmental restoration, the Raven Trails system now features a new archway by Liǧʷ łdax̌ʷ master carver Bill Henderson, and there are discussions about potentially renaming the area to honor its cultural and environmental significance.
Liǧʷiɫdax̌ʷ Businesses
The Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ people have a long and proud history of stewardship over their lands and resources, and today, they continue to lead in building a vibrant, sustainable economy in the Campbell River region.
Their vision of prosperity is rooted in respect for the land and community, while fostering entrepreneurship, innovation, and growth across various sectors.
This section of the guide highlights the many Liǧʷ łdax̌ʷ-owned businesses and retail partners that contribute to the local economy. From unique retail experiences and cultural tourism ventures to service-based businesses and partnerships with local enterprises, doing business with Liǧʷ łdax̌ʷ-owned businesses offers an opportunity to support Indigenous entrepreneurship and experience authentic Indigenous products and services
By choosing to engage with these businesses, visitors not only enjoy high-quality products and services but also play a role in supporting the economic development and self-determination of the Liǧʷ łdax̌ʷ people. We invite you to explore the diverse range of Indigenous-owned enterprises in the region, each contributing to the continued growth and success of the local community.
Retail & Services
Discovery Harbour Shopping Centre
1416 Island Highway, Campbell River Discovery Harbour Marina
Discovery Harbour Shopping Centre is situated on the waterfront of downtown Campbell River. It overlooks the stunning Discovery Passage, and the Discovery Harbour Marina. The centre has a unique collection of 40 shops, banks, restaurants and services, as well as large international retailers including the Real Canadian Superstore, Staples, and Canadian Tire.
1374 Island Highway, Campbell River
Discovery Harbour Marina is a full-service marina offering boat moorage, power, water, washrooms, showers, laundry facilities and ice. This secure marina is located near Campbell River’s Discovery Harbour shopping Mall and offers easy access to a grocery store, restaurants, pubs and other shopping and amenities. The marina is close to boat repair facilities where radio and electronics repairs and marine equipment installation are also available.
Quinsam Crossing
125 Brant Drive, Campbell River
Quinsam Crossing includes a variety of commercial and retail services to meet the needs of the community, visitors, and commuters, in honour of the ancient nature of “Quinsam - the resting place.” The site currently includes a Shell fuel station, Starbucks, Lee’s Famous Recipe Chicken, Quinsam Liquor Store, and is constantly expanding. The Elders of the We Wai Kai Nation say the name “Quinsam” originated as a “resting place” for the people as they journeyed from the sea to inland destinations.
West Coast Wildflowers
1131 Shoppers Row, Campbell River
West Coast Wildflowers is an Indigenous retail store that is located on the traditional territory of the Li
Peoples on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Their mission is to support Authentic Indigenous artisans in a competitive retail market along with other talented makers across Canada. They offer sustainable and ethical premium gifting whether it’s a gift for yourself, friends, family or corporate gifting.
Wei Wai Kum House of Treasures
1370 Island Highway, Campbell River
The Wei Wai Kum House of Treasures is a Nation-owned and operated shop that features jewelry, clothing, masks, home accessories, prints, paddles and souvenirs created by Indigenous artists, most of them from Vancouver Island and from the Campbell River region in particular.
Smoke Signals
155 Brant Dr., Campbell River
In 2023, the We Wai Kai Nation launched Smoke Signals, a sovereign cannabis store focused on community health and economic empowerment. Providing CBD products to elders and creating jobs for Nation members, the store reinvests profits into rehabilitation programs and local
Java Shack
1041 Shoppers Row, Campbell River
Enjoy amazing food and coffee! Located across from the Quadra Island ferry terminal we are open for breakfast and lunch. Vegetarian friendly, featuring both Vegan and Gluten free options.
RavenSong Soap & Candle
103 B - 2266 S Island Highway, Campbell River
RavenSong Soap & Candle are creators of handcrafted artisanal soap. Created in small batches with care, using an ancient method with each premium natural ingredient selected to suit skin care benefits and desired scents. This luxury soap is made entirely by hand in the cold process tradition.
Facilities & Rentals
Thunderbird Hall
1420 Weiwaikum Rd.,
Campbell River
Phone: (250) 286-6949
Thunderbird Hall is a popular site for weddings, conferences, fundraisers, feasts, and sporting events. It can accommodate up to 350 people seated at tables and 500 people seated theatre-style. The Hall is close to downtown Campbell River. The dimensions of its main room are 21 meters wide by 30.5 meters long (70 by 100 feet). Its facilities also include a kitchen, stage, and a small meeting room.
We Wai Kai Sports Fields
Accessed through the parking lot across from 664
Seahawk Drive
Phone: (250) 914-1890
Two natural grass, professional sized 75-meter by 110-meter soccer fields and two baseball fields over a five-acre parcel of land in the center of the Quinsam Reserve. The main field is equipped with high mast LED lights allowing for a longer season.
To book a field contact: fieldrentals@wewaikai.com
Quinsam Wellness Center
2005 Eagle Dr., Campbell River
Phone: (250) 914-1890
The Quinsam Wellness Centre offers the rental of a boardroom, Gymnasium, and Kitchen, and can accommodate up to 375 people.
Accommodations
We Wai Kai Campground
428 Rebbeca Spit Rd., Quadra Island Phone: (250) 285-3111
Bordering Rebecca Spit Provincial Park, We Wai Kai Campground has 163 RV and Tenting sites and Laundry Facilities, Showers, a convenience store, and Kayak & Stand up Paddleboard rentals. Open year-round, but dry camp (No power/no water) is during the off-season (October 1st, 2024 - May 8th, 2025). Email campsite@wewaikai.com.
Cape Mudge RV Park and Cottages
1 Lighthouse Rd., Quadra Island Phone: (250) 287-0303
A scenic 10-minute ferry crossing from Campbell River brings you to Quadra Island. The RV Park is situated at water’s edge of an 1,100-acre forest where bald eagles soar and killer whales pass by.
There are 13 fully serviced RV sites (10 ocean view sites, 2 beachfront sites and 1 group site) nestled in naturally landscaped settings along the shore of Discovery Passage. Each site has a picnic table, campfire pit, and complete hookup facilities.
Thunderbird RV Park
& Resort
2660 Spit Rd., Campbell River Phone: (250) 286-3344
Located near downtown Campbell River and close to many amenities, Thunderbird RV Park and Resort offers year-round accommodation with serviced RV sites and four self-contained cottages.
Getting Here
Located in the geographic heart of Vancouver Island on the traditional territory of the Liǧʷiłdax̌ʷ Peoples, the City of Campbell River is approximately 265 km north of BC’s provincial capital, Victoria, and 238 km south of Port Hardy at the northwestern end of Vancouver Island.
By air
Campbell River Airport (YBL) features a 6,500 foot runway and is home to an array of aviation and aerospace companies that service the entire Pacific coast corridor, as well as a Canada Customs authorized airport of entry (AOE) and exit for privately operated and small chartered aircraft.
We Wai Kai and Wei Wai Kum are vibrant growing Nations with strong and stable governance.
The Nations are currently involved in land leasing, recreation, hospitality, tourism, environmental assessment, marine industry and retail, fisheries, forestry, education, fuel supply, cannabis, building supplies, and more.
If you are interested in a business partnership with the Nations, please feel free to reach out to the contacts below.
Please also call or email the contacts below if you are a Nation member-owned business and want to be included in future versions of the guide.
We Wai Kai Economic Development
Jason Wilson, Manager of Economic Development
Phone: (250) 914-1890 ext. 122 Jason.Wilson@wewaikai.com
Wei Wai Kum Economic Development
Cameron Salisbury, Economic Development Officer Phone: (250) 286-6949 ext. 108 CamSalisbury@weiwaikum.ca
Float plane and helicopter services are available year-round at the Tyee Spit and the Campbell River Airport. Seasonal float plane service is available to Campbell River from Powell River, Vancouver, and the Seattle area.
The Comox Valley Airport (YQQ) is 40 minutes south of Campbell River with daily flights to Calgary, Edmonton, and Vancouver.
By road
Travelling north along the smooth four-lane Highway 19 is a breeze. With a speed limit of 110 km/h, it takes ninety minutes to drive from Nanaimo’s ferry terminals. Add another two hours if you’re traveling north along the Trans-Canada Highway from Victoria.
Island Link Bus and Vancouver Island Connector provide daily bus services that connect Campbell River and its regions with ferry terminals and major Vancouver Island centres. Several car rental and charter bus agencies are located in the city, and there is also reliable tax service.
By sea
Many visitors travel to Vancouver Island via one of the main BC Ferries routes. BC Ferries offers daily vehicle and foot passenger sailings from two mainland terminals north and south of Vancouver at Horseshoe Bay and Tsawwassen. Those heading directly to Campbell River from the mainland can book passage to one of Nanaimo’s two ferry terminals: Departure Bay and Duke Point.
Private boats and yachts are warmly welcomed at our local marinas. These full-service havens for nautical visitors offer a range of service options. Access to refueling is easily accessible through Discovery Harbour Fuel Sales in the heart of Campbell River.
Chiefs figure pole at Home Depot
Welcoming figure at Discover Harbour Marina
Tourism Guide
