cjj

Dear Readers,

It’s now been quite a few weeks since returning back to Cincinnati from our shul trip to Eretz Yisroel. Although quite a bit of the initial inspiration has receded, there are quite a few insights that I’ve been mulling over since.

Perhaps one of the most fundamental is this. Throughout our trip there were certain things that we kept noticing. Bookcases leaning at impossible angles. Home repairs that had no business still being nailed to the wall. Additions perched atop rickety supports that would have given a building inspector an uncontrollable tic. Children barelling down steep hills atop scooters that had never been intended to be used at such speeds. And let’s not even get into how people drive!

and only deviations from it register as Hashem stepping in.

The issue, then, is not the presence of miracles. It is a question of calibration.

A person waits for something extraordinary because he assumes Hashem is only visible above the line of “normal.” But “normal” is simply the texture of miracles you have stopped noticing.

In Eretz Yisrael the contrast is sharper, the hand of Hashem closer to the surface. Elsewhere, the same hashgacha is more carefully dressed in predictability - less obvious, but no less present. The avodah is therefore not to keep watch for the unusual, but to retrain the eye so that the usual itself becomes visible as divine.

The upshot of it all is that the Divine management is rather closer to the surface in Eretz Yisrael than it is elsewhere. It’s just more obvious that there’s Someone quietly taking care of things in the Holy Land. And yet for the people who live there, it doesnt feel miraculous. It simply feels normal.

This is my point.

Hashem runs the world using the plot as a medium. The story unfolds so seamlessly, so naturally, that, from the inside, it feels like teva - plain, ordinary nature. We only spot hashgacha when something breaks the pattern: when what actually happens clashes with what we expected to happen.

But expectations are not objective. They are learned, local, and subjective. Get used to a certain level of chaos and you stop calling survival a nes. Whatever baseline you live with eventually becomes your “normal,”

If recognition of Hashem depends on surprise, you will always need a bigger deviation from routine to feel Him. But if everything—every quiet arrival home, every uneventful day—is equally authored by Him, then the ordinary is no less deliberate, no less planned, than the dramatic rescue.

It is simply perspective.

What you call “normal” is merely the level of miracle you have learned to ignore.

So instead of waiting for a nes that startles, we must choose to appreciate that everything already is one.

grins, Berish

Please send comments and feedback to publisher@cincinnatijewishjournal.com.

CJJ is distributed to the Jewish Community and available for pickup in Amberley, Blue Ash, Montgomery, Mason, Hyde Park, Golf Manor, Roselawn, and Deer Park.

Around the Community

Kollel’s Community Learning Going Strong

Around the Community

Mesivta of Cincinnati’s Sof Zman Kumzitz

Volunteers Help Packing up Food for Rebbeim & Moros for Pesach

Partnership Renewed - CZE Deepens its Adopt-a-Kollel Partnership

After an uplifting visit to a kollel in Israel, our community gathered for a meaningful “Adopt-a-Kollel” renewal breakfast, filled with inspiration, gratitude, and a strengthened sense of purpose.

During the recent trip, participants had the unique opportunity to witness firsthand the dedication and diligence of the avreichim who devote their days and nights to Torah learning. The atmosphere in the kollel was one of deep focus, humility, and unwavering commitment. Conversations with the םימכח ידימלת brought to life the impact that sustained support has on their ability to continue learning without distraction.

Returning home, attendees felt a renewed responsibility to ensure that this vital Torah environment continues to thrive. The breakfast served as both a

reflection on the visit and a call to action.

The renewal initiative is not just about financial partnership—it is about building a lasting relationship. By “adopting” the kollel, community members become active participants in its growth, sharing in

Rosh Chodesh Nissan Seudah & Siyum

its successes and sustaining its future.

The morning concluded with a collective commitment to continue and expand this partnership, ensuring that the light of Torah remains strong for generations to come.

Golf Manor Synagogue Welcomes New Executive Director

Golf Manor Synagogue has announced the hiring of Rabbi Naftali Savin as its new Executive Director, reflecting the congregation’s continued growth and momentum. Rabbi Savin brings a blend of operational leadership and entrepreneurial experience, with a background that includes healthcare administration and organizational management.

Rabbi Savin also brings meaningful rabbinic and educational training. He studied in the Jerusalem Kollel under Rabbi Yitzchak Berkovits and completed the Ner Le’Elef rabbinic leadership program, which focuses on community en-

GMS Trivia Night Fun

gagement, public speaking, and organizational leadership. Throughout the years he has mentored students, taught Torah, and built relationships across a variety of communities.

In his new role, Rabbi Savin will help oversee synagogue operations and support the shul’s expanding programs as it continues building for the future.

Hamantaschen Bake 5786

Springing into Learning at CHDS

Around the Community

Recent Happenings Around OTC

Nashim Tzidkanios:

At Ohr Torah in preparation of Pesach, we have chosen to focus on the nashim tzidkaniyos. At our recent Rosh Chodesh assembly, we discussed how, although the imahos were not always in the spotlight, they quietly guided events and shaped our history from behind the scenes. This powerful role continued with the women in Mitzrayim, and it was in their merit, through their devotion, that we were ultimately redeemed.

We then invited mothers to join their children in exploring the stories of these remarkable women. The program took place on March 24 for boys, and on Thursday, March 26 for girls. In addition to the learning special stories about mothers and grandmothers were shared. Through this experience, we hoped our children would come to recognize and appreciate the countless Jewish mothers who have served as the quiet backbone of Am Yisrael throughout history.

Ohr Torah’s Matzah Baking Experience: A Schoolwide Journey

This past week, Ohr Torah brought together students from across the school for a meaningful and hands-on matzah baking program. From our youngest preschoolers through our 8th grade students, boys and girls alike participated in this special experience, creating a true sense of unity and shared purpose.

One of the highlights of the program was the opportunity for older students to partner with younger ones. As they worked side by side through each step of the matzah-making process, the older students guided, encouraged, and supported their younger peers. This created a warm and collaborative environment where relationships were strengthened and a sense of responsibility and leadership naturally emerged.

Beyond the excitement of baking, the program

offered a rich educational experience. Students gained a deeper understanding of the process of making matzah, connecting in a tangible way to the traditions of Pesach. The hands-on nature of the activity helped bring learning to life, allowing students to experience concepts they had discussed in the classroom in a real and memorable way.

Equally meaningful was the sense of connection built across grades. The pairing of younger and older students fostered a spirit of achdus and mutual respect, creating moments of shared accomplishment and pride. It was a beautiful example of how learning can extend beyond academics to include character development and community building.

This multi-faceted program reflects Ohr Torah’s commitment to providing experiences that are both educational and deeply meaningful.

Around the Community

Purim Around Town

Around the Community

Purim Around Town

Around the Community

Purim Around Town

Around the Community

Purim Around Town

A Stream of Consciousness

By Bubby Edelman

Missiles and miracles. Shelter/ Maamad simchas. Car crashes and Tehillim. Wonderous yeshuos. Babies born on the side of the highway during a siren alert with Divinely placed paramedics nearby. Travelling trauma.

It has been quite a month.

One moment we are up - with the news of evil ones eliminated, and missiles falling into ‘empty spaces’, and the next we are down - with all kinds of losses and hits.

The call to teshuva is loud in my ears. I am trying everything i can think of to up my game.

This past week my sister’s mother in law returned her soul after 98 years here. Naomi bas Dovid. To hear of some of the events in her life - growing up in Shanghai, spending two years in a displacement camp, settling in Memphis, Tennessee (another kind of spiritual desert) and building community there - joined by Rav Nota Greenblatt zt’l - and eventually leaving behind a family of doros of shomrei Torah and chashuva talmidei chachamim... It’s all so powerful and inspiring. Transformative.

I was also blessed to witness my dear sister and brother in law host Naomi bas Dovid for 30 years. What a lesson in kibud av va’em and family.

Last night i had the zechus to give a woman a ride home from a wedding. In the car she shared with me that thirty seven years ago she was able to come to Baltimore from Iran with Rabbi Herman Neuberger zt’l’s efforts. When she came it was only with the clothes she was wearing.

As she was speaking I couldn’t help but think of all the stuff i was hoping to bring to eretz Yisroel in the coming months. Suitcases... a lift...

As she described their literal exodus i saw and could feel her greatness. I’m still processing it.

Each of us has a story - a journey we are on - a personal transformation... but some of us have experienced huge upheaval. Actual physical escape. She told me her son was only able to leave Iran eight years after her (can you imagine?), and she did not recognize him when he came. She still was wowed by that.

Two amazing souls lihavdil bain chaim li chaim - their stories are epic - but it is also our story. Klal Yisroel.

We have come a long way. We don’t recognize ourselves much of the time. Parts of us ascribe to very different ways than the others. Sadly at times we can come to division and strife because of that. I feel Hashem’s pain when that occurs.

When we are under attack we manage to put all differences aside. Is that one possible reason the attacks keep coming?

This is the season to admit it. Our birthday as a people. To consider where have we started and where are we now.

The entire world (it seems) is calling us out as Jews. We have become the ones to blame for the price of gasoline and the ones to look to for the technology to solve things.

Our Father is the One designing and determining it all. The blame games and the solutions..

There is no lack of sonei Yisroel. They all seem to be on the same page. Poking us to turn even more to our Father.

It is the same with the money issue. We are living in times when costs seem to be rising with no end in sight. Yet, just when we think our budget is maxed out - the undeniable needs of our brothers and sisters call out to us to dig deeper into our pockets, minimize our personal spending even more, and give give give.

We are being stretched in new ways.

So many families in eretz Yisroel have been displaced. So many here in Baltimore are struggling.

Still the hum of geula is present. Things are happening. Major world powers are stirring. There is the sense that at any moment all we know can change.

Personally, i am ready.

I cannot wait for a time when people stop asking that most insulting and offensive of questions, “Where is G-d?” and finally can see what has been staring us in the face. The open Kindness and clarity of Reality.

It has been instructive to see how some of us emerge from darkness into light. Listening to a few of those held captive by chamas is another light bulb experience.

We are moving onward hopefully towards greater connection.

Our people are once again gathering in united effort to remove chometz, improve our behaviors, and come together to thank Hashem for redeeming us from slavery over four cups of wine.

It’s a time for family unity. A time to increase our love for each other.

A time to know Hashem is behind every single thing we are experiencing.

Chag Kasher ve Sameach

T H I S Y E A R C H D S WAS A B L E TO H E L P 3 2 ST U D E N TS.

L E A R N H OW YO U CA N H E L P U S

H E L P M O R E AT N O C O ST TO YO U ! R E D I R ECT YO U R O H I O STAT E TA X E S B E FO R E A P R I L 1 5.

MILES WITH SMILES

Oil Prices Are the New Enemy of Cheap Travel

By Zalmy Reisman

The conflict that ignited in late February between the United States, Israel, and Iran has done something that reverberates far beyond the Middle East: it has sent global oil prices into a spiral that is now working its way directly into your airfare.

The mechanics are straightforward. Jet fuel is one of an airline’s largest costs, representing 20 to 30 percent of total operating expenses. Jet fuel prices have more than doubled in just three weeks, and those prices get passed to passengers.

A recent analysis of U.S. airline ticket prices by Deutsche Bank analysts found that average domestic airfares for travelers booking flights later this month have climbed by between 15 and 124 percent. The numbers are eye-popping in some markets — a traveler recently went looking for a domestic flight expecting to pay $400 or $500 and found the cheapest available seat going for over $1,500.

Of course, the big question is what happens over the next few months with oil prices. That will play a big role in if there is a price increase for flights.

How This Affects Award Tickets

The current oil environment creates a wrinkle that those using miles may not have seen: fuel surcharges on award tickets.

The most important move right now is to book trips through loyalty programs that don’t impose fuel surcharges on award tickets. Programs including Avianca LifeMiles, Air Canada, and almost all US programs are among those that do not charge fuel surcharges on award redemptions — a significant advantage when surcharges on other programs are running into the hundreds of dollars.

When Your Flight Gets Canceled:

Don’t Touch That Cancel Button

War, weather, mechanical problems — whatever the cause, flight cancellations are an unfortunate reality. And when it happens, most travelers’ instinct is to open the airline app and immediately rebook or cancel on their own. That’s often a costly mistake.

Here is what most travelers don’t realize: when you buy a plane ticket, you are entering into a contract. That contract obligates the airline to get you to your destination. When the airline cancels a flight, it has breached that contract — and the law gives you considerably more leverage than most people ever use.

If you voluntarily cancel your ticket first, you surrender that leverage entirely. You’re now outside the contract, and your options are limited to whatever the airline chooses to offer — often a voucher with an expiration date, or rebooking on a flight that may not work for your schedule.

But if you hold your ticket and require the airline to rebook you, the situation changes entirely. The airline is obligated to accommodate you. That may mean routing you through a different hub, placing you on a competing carrier, or putting you on a flight with better availability than you could have found on your own. For longer overnight delays, you may also be entitled to meal vouchers and hotel accommodations depending on the airline’s policies.

Practically speaking: when a flight is canceled, call the airline immediately. Keep your ticket. Ask them to rebook you. If hold times are crushing

during a mass disruption, try the airline’s support account on X (formerly Twitter), which is frequently faster. Document everything. And never cancel unless you have decided a full refund — and nothing more — is what you want.

TSA Lines Grow

As I write this, the TSA officers are still going unpaid, and lines at airports are getting longer and longer. While we in Cincinnati have not really experienced the full brunt of this - unlike airports in Atlanta, New Orleans, and Huston, it’s just a matter of time before this becomes too much for the public to tolerate. Of course, I never understand why this happens. Everyone knows the TSA will eventually have to be paid so might as well do it now. Here’s to hoping gets resolved as soon as possible, and doesn’t cause any issues for those traveling for Yom Tov.

LaGuardia: A Tragedy and a Warning

Just this past Sunday night, a tragedy unfolded at New York’s LaGuardia Airport that has shaken the aviation community. An Air Canada Express regional jet from Montreal collided with a Port Authority fire truck on the runway, killing both pilots and injuring 41 others. The plane was carrying 72 passengers and four crew members. Passengers who survived credit the pilots with saving their lives by braking hard in their final moments — at the cost of their own.

The investigation has already turned up troubling details. The fire truck involved was not equipped with a transponder to help air traf-

fic controllers track its location, and the airport’s surface detection equipment failed to generate a collision alert. The NTSB found that only two controllers were in the tower at the time, with at least one simultaneously performing the duties of multiple controllers while also managing a separate in-progress emergency on the runway.

This is not a one-airport problem. The FAA has been chronically understaffed for years, with air traffic controllers routinely working overtime and six-day weeks while dealing with outdated equipment. If you listen to the workload of some air traffic controllers like those based in the New York area, you would be shocked at how busy they are, and how many planes they are managing at once.

American aviation remains remarkably safe by historical standards, but there are troubling signs that the system is overloaded. There are too many close calls that the public doesn’t hear about, and there are those in the aviation community who believe it’s just a matter of time until there is a tragedy. With that said, it’s important to keep in mind that there are 45,000 flights a day in the US alone, which gives you an idea of how statistically safe air travel is right now. The amount of skill amongst pilots, and the technology that is currently available for air travel is light years ahead of what we used to have.

Zalmy Reisman is a licensed independent social worker in private practice. He sees adolescent and adults ages 14+ and specializes in treating trauma and anxiety disorders. Some insurance plans are accepted. He can be reached at 513-400-4613 or at Sheldon@TherapyCincinnati.com

Health & F tness

The Exodus from Overeating A Pesach Survival Guide

By Aliza Beer MS, RD, CDN

Pesach is a beautiful and meaningful yom tov, but it also presents unique challenges when it comes to maintaining healthy eating habits. With an abundance of matzah, multi-course meals, and late-night sedarim, it’s easy to overindulge and end the holiday feeling sluggish or seeing unwanted weight gain. However, with mindful planning and balanced choices, you can enjoy Pesach without compromising your health.

Matzah Consumption

Matzah is an integral part of Pesach, but it’s also easy to overconsume. Stick to the required portions during the sedarim, and for the rest of the holiday, be mindful of your intake. Whole wheat or spelt matzah is a better choice than white flour matzah, as it contains more fiber and will keep you full for longer. During meals, pair your matzah with protein or healthy fats to slow digestion and maintain balanced blood sugar levels.

Wine/Beverages

The four cups of wine or grape juice at the sedarim can add loads of sugar and calories. If you drink wine, opt for dry varieties, which contain less sugar. If you prefer grape juice, choose a light version to cut down on excess sugar. For the rest of Pesach, stick to water or seltzer instead of sugary drinks.

Stay Hydrated

Pesach meals can be heavy, and matzah is notorious for causing digestive discomfort. Drinking at least 8 cups (64 oz.) of water daily can help prevent bloating and constipation. If plain water is difficult for you, try herbal teas or infuse your water with lemon, orange slices, or fresh herbs. Limiting caffeine and alcohol will also help keep you properly hydrated.

Eat Mindfully at the Sedarim and Beyond

Late-night meals can make it difficult to listen to your hunger cues, especially when the Seder is long, and you’re hungry by the time the meal begins. To prevent excessive hunger and ultimately overeating, try having a light, protein-based snack or mini-meal before the Seder, such as a hard-boiled egg, tuna, or Greek yogurt and a small salad or a vegetable-based soup. These options provide steady energy without making you too full to enjoy the meal.

During the Seder and seudos, practice mindful eating by slowing down and paying attention to your body’s hunger and fullness signals. Start your meal with fiber-rich vegetables and protein sources, like fish or chicken, which help keep you satisfied and prevent overindulging in carb-heavy dishes later. Take small bites, chew thoroughly, and pause between courses to assess how hungry you still are; the slower you eat your meal, the less food you will consume at that meal. Drinking water throughout the meal can also help with digestion and prevent

mistaking thirst for hunger.

During the daytime, the same mindful eating principles apply. Be intentional with your meals and snacks by choosing nutrient-dense foods that provide energy without leading to sluggishness. Opt for balanced meals that include proteins, healthy fats, and fiber, such as eggs with avocado, a salad with nuts and grilled chicken, or a baked sweet potato with olive oil. Avoid grazing on matzah or carb-based foods all day, as they can be heavy and lead to bloating. Instead, plan structured meals and snacks to avoid mindless nibbling.

Balance Your Meals

With multiple yom tov and Shabbos meals over eight (nine, this year!) days, it’s important to balance your intake:

• Protein: Choose lean options like chicken, turkey, fish, or eggs. Limit red meat to no more than 3-4 meals over the holiday.

• Vegetables: Every meal should include vegetables—roasted, raw, or in salads. They provide fiber and help with digestion.

• Healthy Carbs: Instead of relying solely on matzah-based dishes, incorporate sweet potatoes, quinoa, and fresh fruit.

Snack Wisely

Unplanned snacking can add unnecessary calories and leave you feeling sluggish. Stick to fresh fruit, nuts (about 12 nuts per serving and avoid honey glazed or sugar coated, but salted is fine), cut-up vegetables, and simple proteins like hard-boiled eggs or cheese. Avoid processed Pesach snacks, which are often filled with potato starch and unhealthy oils.

Desserts

Pesach desserts have greatly improved over the years, but many are still loaded with sugar and refined ingredients. If you want to indulge, do so in moderation. The best time to have a treat is earlier in the day when your body can use energy. Choose fresh fruit with a bit of whipped cream, compote, or small portions of almondflour-based baked goods instead of heavy, starch-filled desserts.

Chocolate

Pesach is often a time when chocolate takes center stage, with many households stocking up on kosher l’Pesach treats. From barks to rich chocolate desserts, it’s easy to indulge. However, choosing dark chocolate with a high cocoa content (70% or higher) can be a healthier option, as it contains less sugar and more antioxidants. Dark chocolate also provides beneficial compounds like flavonoids, which support heart health. To enjoy chocolate in a balanced way during Pesach, opt for small portions and savor it mindfully. This way, you can still enjoy Pesach’s signature treat while simultaneously making healthier choices.

Physical Activity

Pesach often means long meals and little physical activity. Make an effort to move

daily—take a walk after meals, play outside with family, or schedule a Chol Hamoed activity that involves exercise, such as hiking, biking, or even dancing with the kids. Staying active will help with digestion and overall well-being.

Plan Ahead

While some may be at home and others will be guests, it is important to plan ahead as much as you can. A well-thought-out meal plan will set you up for success. Before Pesach, map out meals with a focus on lean proteins, vegetables, and healthy fats. If you’re traveling, bring healthy snacks so you’re not tempted by whatever is available.

Practical Healthy Foods

For Pesach, you can take advantage of the many whole foods that are naturally non-chometz and keep them stocked in your home. Fresh fruits and vegetables like apples, bananas, oranges, berries, cucumbers, zucchini, and sweet potatoes are great staples. Other nutritious options include eggs, fish, chicken, nuts, seeds, and unprocessed meats. Dairy products like plain yogurt and cheese are also chometzfree if they have proper certification. You can make simple yet delicious Pesach-friendly meals such as vegetable om-

elets, roasted chicken with sweet potatoes, homemade applesauce, or a fresh salad with avocado and nuts. For a filling side dish, mashed cauliflower can be a great substitute for potatoes or make zucchini noodles or “zoodles” instead of the potato starch-filled Passover noodles; you can bake nut-based treats using almond flour. Keeping these wholesome, non-processed ingredients on hand will make it easy to prepare healthy and satisfying meals throughout the holiday.

Staying Balanced at a Pesach Program

Going away to a Pesach program can be an amazing experience, but with unlimited food options and constant meals, it’s easy to overindulge. The key to maintaining your weight or minimizing weight gain is making smart choices while still enjoying yourself.

Start your day with a healthy breakfast. Most programs offer great options like omelets, Greek yogurt, or cottage cheese. Try to avoid daily pancakes and waffles; instead, treat yourself once or twice.

For lunch, focus on proteins and vegetables. Many programs have salad bars with fresh vegetables, grilled chicken, or fish. Opt for proteins like fish or a balanced

matzah-based meal instead of heavier options like pasta or Pesach dough pizza which can be calorie-dense and leave you feeling heavy. If you’re craving pizza, matzah pizza is a more controlled option than a plate of “pasta.”

Dinners should be balanced with a protein, a vegetable, and a healthy carb like quinoa or sweet potatoes. Since yom tov meals are often heavy with meat dishes, try incorporating fish for some dinners to balance your intake. Avoid French fries, which are commonly served, or limit them to an occasional treat.

Pesach programs often include endless eating events—BBQs, tea rooms, dessert parties, and late-night events. Plan ahead so you’re not eating at every event. If you want to enjoy a BBQ, skip the next food event rather than eating five or six meals daily. Stick to three meals with light snacks and avoid unnecessary late-night eating. If there’s a late-night event, brushing your teeth beforehand can help curb unnecessary snacking. The tearoom can be a trap— opt for fruit, a handful of nuts, or a small piece of chocolate instead of cakes loaded with sugar, margarine, and potato starch. A helpful tip is to avoid keeping food in your room, thereby allowing you to have three portioned meals a day.

While there is an abundance of food, it doesn’t all have to be eaten! Allow yourself a treat to avoid deprivation but indulge mindfully and in moderation.

Pesach programs also offer plenty of ways to stay active. Take advantage of the hotel gym or any given exercise classes. If you’re in a warm climate, enjoy swimming, playing tennis, or taking a walk. By making mindful choices and staying active, you can enjoy the program while feeling your best.

Pesach is a time for celebration – family, meaningful minhagim, and food is a big part of that experience. However, you don’t need to sacrifice your health to enjoy the holiday. By consistently making smart choices, staying mindful of portions, and keeping active, you will feel great at the conclusion of Pesach rather than feeling weighed down by guilt or pounds.

Wishing you a happy, healthy, and fulfilling yom tov. Chag kasher v’sameach!

Aliza Beer is a registered dietitian with a master’s degree in nutrition. She has a private practice in Cedarhurst, NY. Patients’ success has been featured on the Dr. Oz show. Aliza can be reached at alizabeer@gmail.com, and you can follow her on Instagram at @alizabeer

Forgotten Her es Pesach on the Frontlines

By Avi Heiligman

Celebrating holidays for soldiers, sailors, and other service members while on duty is no easy task. It gets even harder for those service members on foreign soil and on the frontlines. Throughout modern history, putting together a Seder and having provisions for the entire Pesach for these soldiers has been a challenge. Many Jews that have served in uniform, whether it’s for Israel, the U.S. or any other country, have been successful in procuring matzah, kosher wine and other necessities to have a Seder. Here a few of their stories and pictures that document their celebration of Pesach.

Around 10,000 Jews served on both sides of the conflict during the American Civil War. Twenty-one-year-old Isaac J. Levy was a Confederate soldier with the 46h Virginia Infantry Regiment. He was killed during the Battle of Petersburg in August 1864. Just a few months earlier, he had written to his sister back home that their brother, also a soldier, had purchased matzah in Charleston. In his letter, he wrote they were “observing the festival in a truly Orthodox style.”

There are several similar stories of soldiers making a Seder during the Civil

War. In 1862, about 20 Jewish soldiers from the 23 rd Ohio Infantry Regiment were granted leave by the regimental commander so they could celebrate Pesach. The commander of the regiment was none other than future President Rutherford B. Hayes. One of the soldiers sent matzah and haggadahs from his hometown of Cincinnati, but they were unable to obtain horseradish. Instead, they “found a weed whose bitterness ... exceeded anything our forefathers enjoyed.”

Myer Levy was a corporal in Company C of the 5th Pennsylvania Cavalry, also called the Cameron Dragoons. Several other Jewish soldiers also served in the unit. Myer was in Virginia during Pesach 1865 and noticed a boy on the steps of his house eating a piece of matzah. He asked the boy if he could get some matzah. The boy ran inside, screaming, “Mother, there’s a Yankee Jew outside!” The mother came outside and invited Myer to come for the Seder that night.

During World War II, service members tried their best to put together a Seder wherever they were stationed. The commanding officer of the battleship USS Iowa ordered the only Jewish officer on

board to put together a Seder for the enlisted sailors in his command.

Chaplains were on the frontlines putting together Sedarim and helping the Jewish soldiers prepare for Pesach. Chaplain Rabbi Aaron Paperman of Baltimore had learned in Telz and in 1944 was stationed in Italy. He was very involved in helping the spiritual needs of the Jewish soldiers, and this included arranging minyanim and obtaining lulavim and esrogim for Sukkos. Before Pesach, he went above and beyond to acquire kosher wine and matzah for the troops. In 1944, he arranged a Seder for 1,500 servicemen in Naples, and it was attended by Fifth Army commander Mark Clark whose mother was Jewish. The next year, Rabbi Paperman led the seder for an incredible 4,000 service members in Naples. Kosher wine was brought in from Algiers on the general’s private plane

American soldiers weren’t the only ones making a Seder in 1945 while in uniform in Italy. Jewish soldiers from the British Army’s Jewish Brigade were in the middle of battling the Nazis and were preparing for Pesach at the same time. Wine was brought in from Eretz Yisrael, and matzah was provided by the army. A

 A U.S. soldier celebrating Pesach in Germany, 2016

shochet went around with the headquarters unit to provide kosher meat for the soldiers. The British Eight Army was very helpful in helping the chaplain obtain the necessary items. In fact, they even provided Rabbi Paperman with real potatoes for his Seder as the American Army usually used powered potatoes which posed kashrus concerns. Many soldiers in the Jewish Brigade had their Seder while under fire from enemy mortars and guns. Since World War II, there have been many Pesach Sedarim for those serving in the military. These include for American soldiers in Korea, Vietnam, and Iraq. Israeli soldiers have been celebrating Pesach and other yomim tovim on the frontlines since the establishment of Israel in 1948. For the soldiers serving on the frontlines, having a Seder is a time to remember the miracles done for the Jewish people so many years ago as well as a time to relax (if possible) from the harsh realities of war.

Avi Heiligman is a weekly contributor to The Jewish Home. He welcomes your comments and suggestions for future columns and can be reached at aviheiligman@gmail.com.

A Seder for American soldiers in 1944

Isaac J Levy of the 46th Virginia Infantry Regiment

Matzah being unloaded by the quartermasters for the 77th Division in 1919

The cover of the program for the Seder led by Rabbi Paperman in Italy, 1945

Moshe Sharett and soldiers  from the Jewish Brigade on Pesach in Naples, Italy, 1945

Stories for the Seder

The Four Sons

Tam: What Does Hashem Yisbarach Think of Us?

Pesach with Rav Belsky from Rav Chaim Yisroel Belsky, compiled by Rabbi Dovid Abramowitz

Everyonce in a while, I relate this incident involving one of the great tzaddikim:

A chassid was traveling to be with his rebbe for the Seder. Along the way, something happened — the wagon axle broke, or something similar — and the chassid was stuck in some small village for Pesach. He ended up staying with a simple Jew and was his guest at the Seder. The Jew was religious and pious but not learned.

This simple Jew was reciting the Haggadah, and when he reached the Arbah Banim and said, “Tam, mah hu omer,” he began crying and couldn’t stop. He said over and over again, “Tam, mah hu omer?” Afterward, he continued simply reading and translating the Haggadah for his family, and that was it.

After Yom Tov the chassid finally managed to get to his rebbe. The rebbe asked him, “Nu, what did you see in the village?”

The chassid replied that he had seen nothing beneficial and described his great sorrow at wasting his time being surrounded by people so devoid of learning.

The rebbe asked, “You saw absolutely nothing?”

The chassid replied that he had seen something, but it was very foolish. When the host said, “Tam, mah hu omer,” he was crying. Why should he cry at that point?

Then the tzaddik told him that the man meant something else entirely. Tam in Russian means there. (Actually, it is also the same word in Targum. We say hasam in Hebrew, but the Talmud Yerushalmi, writing in Targum, leaves out the hei and writes tam, which means over there.) So Tam, mah hu omer means, “Over there, what are they saying?” What are they saying about us up in Heaven? We say all kinds of good and nice things, but what does Hakadosh Baruch Hu say about us? We are trying to do the mitzvos, but do we really make the grade?

I sometimes compare that with a Litvishe story.

One Yom Kippur, after davening a long Shemoneh Esrei, the Mirrer mashgiach, Rav Yerucham Levovitz, went off to a corner and buried his head in his hands. He was heard weeping and saying something over and over, but no one could make out the words. Someone went close enough to hear without making his presence felt. Rav Yerucham was repeating the words of the pasuk, “Ulai yemusheini avi v’hayisi v’einav kimsatei’a” (Bereishis 27:12), which means, perhaps my Father will feel me and I shall be as an imposter in his eyes. You have to know, Tam, mah hu omer — What does the Ribbono Shel Olam say about us?

Seder Sensitivity

at the Maggid’s sedeR by Rabbi Paysach J. Krohn

RavSholom Schwadron, zt”l, the Maggid of Yerushalayim, was a deeply sensitive man who understood the pain and the anguish of orphans and widows. He was only seven years old when his father, Reb Yitzchok, died in 1920. He never forgot his loneliness or the isolation of his mother, Freida Leah.

When he was 60, Reb Sholom gave his orphaned nephew a sefer as a bar mitzvah gift. He concluded his inscription, “Kamoni kamocha, I am as you are [an orphan].” This was 53 years after he had lost his father.

I recall one particular Pesach Seder we shared with Reb Sholom a few years after my father passed away. That year, the first Seder was on Motza’ei Shabbos. It is forbidden to prepare on Shabbos for the following evening, so the Seder started very late, since all the preparations began only after nightfall.

As an Israeli, Reb Sholom celebrated only one Seder. That night would be his only opportunity to fulfill the Seder mitzvos. Reb Sholom was very punctilious in his mitzvah observance, so he was extremely careful every year to eat the Afikoman before chatzos (halachic midnight).

At the Seder, it is customary and praiseworthy for participants to discuss divrei Torah (Torah thoughts) on the Haggadah. Children look forward to repeating that which they have learned in school — and rightfully so, as much of the Seder is primarily geared for them. All the younger children recite the Mah Nishtanah, there are songs to be sung, customs to be followed, recitations to be said, and food to be eaten. It is a time when parents and grandparents reap the rewards of their investment in their children’s education.

This all takes time, and I knew that if we were to continue at the pace we were keeping, we would eat the Afikoman well after chatzos. I therefore tried to rush things along. Reb Sholom realized what I was doing and said to me softly but sternly in Yiddish, “Eil zich nisht, Don’t rush!”

I tried to explain my intention to him, but he wouldn’t let me talk. He just motioned with his finger that I continue with no changes. A while later, I tried a second time to move things along more quickly, and once again he rebuked me. By the time we ate the Afikoman, it was after chatzos, and I was upset. I knew he had never violated this precept before, and I blamed myself.

After the Seder, when he and I were alone in the dining room reciting Shir HaShirim, I apologized for having caused him to eat the Afikoman so late. He responded, “Your mother waits all year for all her children to gather together for the Seder. Her biggest nachas is to hear them exchange divrei Torah and to see her grandchildren participate in the Seder. What right do I have to rush her Seder? Causing pain to a widow is a d’Oraisa (Biblical prohibition); eating the Afikoman after chatzos is a d’Rabbanan!” (a Rabbinic, and thus a lesser, violation).

And then he added a sentence that we should always ask ourselves before we act, “Where are your priorities?”

The great Maggid of Jerusalem often cited and lived by the credo of the verse: “V’lev almanah arnin – I would bring joyous song to the widow’s heart ” (Iyov 29:13). I can never forget that night’s practical application.

Perfect Solution

Rav chaiM k anievsky haggadah

compiled by Rabbi Avraham Yeshayahu Shteinman, adapted by Rabbi Dovid Hollander

Afamily was fighting bitterly about where to go for the Pesach Seder. The husband insisted that they go to his parents, and the wife was adamant that they go to hers. Someone suggested that the couple consult with Rebbetzin Batsheva Kanievsky – as she had much experience dealing with many different life situations — and do whatever she advised.

After the rebbetzin heard both sides of the issue, she came up with an idea that appealed to both parties: she invited them to her house for the Seder! The couple accepted the rebbetzin’s offer and joined the Kanievskys for the Seder, thus restoring domestic harmony.

Fulfilled by Waiting

t he chazon i sh h aggadah

Compiled by Rabbi Asher Bergman, adapted by Rabbi David Oratz and E. van Handel

“On this night — we all recline.”

One week before Pesach, a young scholar passed away in Yerushalayim, leaving a widow and seven orphans. The rosh yeshivah of Ruzhin, Rav Yehoshua Heschel Brim, supplied the family with all their holiday needs and even arranged for a young man to conduct the Seder for them. Before departing for shul on Erev Yom Tov, Rav Brim told his family that he would come home late. He planned to stop at the widow’s house after Maariv to help with last-minute preparations for the Seder. Rav Brim found the atmosphere in the widow’s house mournful. The young man who was to conduct

After the rebbetzin heard both sides of the issue, she came up with an idea that appealed to both parties: she invited them to her house for the Seder!

the Seder had inexplicably failed to appear. Without hesitating, the rosh yeshivah proclaimed, “Kadeish.” Joyously, he led the entire Seder, ate the festival meal with them, and sang the familiar melodies.

Half an hour before midnight, Rav Brim entered his own home, where his family was waiting for him to conduct their Seder. He immediately began Kadeish again. This time, he rushed through the Haggadah; the Afikoman had to be eaten before chatzos! Only after the Afikoman was eaten did Rav Brim apologize for the delay.

“True,” said one of the family members, “you did a great act of kindness for the widow, but your family, too, needed a Seder!”

Rav Brim explained by telling the following story.

“As a bachur, I frequented the home of the Chazon Ish. Once, he told my friend and me, ‘Reuven has reached marriageable age. You must help him find a wife.’ The words of the Chazon Ish were sacred to us. We made the necessary efforts and were successful. When we reported to the Chazon Ish, he said, ‘I would like to be present for the signing of the tena’im , but since my time is very limited, please come get me when the ceremony is about to begin.’ When we came for him, he was sitting in his study with a couple. They were reading a list of items and asking which ones were preferable and how and where to obtain each item. He answered all their questions patiently. For an hour and a quarter, we waited outside the open door. The Chazon Ish saw us but continued the conversation. Finally, the consultation ended. The couple rose, and the Chazon Ish escorted them out and bid them farewell.

As soon as they had left his home, the Chazon Ish quickly donned his hat and we hurried to the tena’im.

“You are surely wondering,” he said, “why I kept you and all of Reuven’s guests waiting.

“The couple with whom I was speaking are Holocaust survivors. They had told me that they had no source of income, and I advised them to open a store. Now they came to consult me about how to run it and what merchandise to buy.

“I could not help them financially, since I have no money. I was therefore obligated to assist them with advice, which is also a great mitzvah.

“This mitzvah was incumbent on you and Reuven’s other guests no less than on me. I fulfilled the mitzvah by advising them, and all of you fulfilled it by waiting for me.”

Rav Brim concluded: “Each of us was obligated to gladden the widow and orphans. I fulfilled the mitzvah by conducting the Seder, and you fulfilled it by waiting for me.”

•

Gratitude is Most Important

t he Rav s hach h aggadah

From Rav Elazar Menachem Man Shach, compiled by Rabbi Asher Bergman, adapted by Rabbi Yaakov Blinder

“Had not the Holy One, Blessed is Be taken our fathers out from Egypt, then we, our children and our children’s children would have remained subservient to Pharaoh.”

T his statement seems rather unlikely. The Pharaohs have not ruled Egypt for centuries. So utterly forgotten by history is the Pharaoh of the Exodus that no one even knows his true identity with certainty. Surely, over the millennia, the Jewish people would have shaken off the yoke of slavery under natural historical circumstances, even if not for the Exodus. There aren’t even any slaves anywhere in the world anymore!

The answer to this question, said Rav Shach in the name of the great rabbis of the Mussar Movement, is that if Hashem had not taken us out of Egypt, but we would have gained our freedom through some political or natural process, taking advantage of Pharaoh’s magnanimity, we might not have remained enslaved to Pharaoh, but we would have been subservient to him — that is, we would have been beholden to him with a debt of gratitude, which would remain an encumbrance upon us for all time. There is no greater responsibility than the indebtedness owed to a benefactor for his kindness.

Rav Shach himself exemplified this trait in his personal life, as the following anecdotes illustrate.

In 5749 (1989), Rav Shach founded a new party called Degel Hatorah, which split away from the old, established party called Agudas Yisrael. As the new party prepared itself to enter the political fray and participate in Knesset elections, Rav Shach was greatly concerned that it should not fail in its attempts to gain a foothold in Israeli politics. Such a debacle would bring about a chillul Hashem in the eyes of the general public, since so many Torah leaders had thrown their weight behind it. Anything less than two seats in the Knesset, Rav Shach felt, would constitute a failure at the polls. He invested a great amount of time, effort, and emotional energy into the nascent party, which, as it turned out, did achieve a second Knesset seat, but by only a handful of votes.

At that time, an individual who was the head of an organization of English-speaking olim (immigrants to Israel) went to Rav Shach with the following question. Their organization had received extensive assistance in several matters from a senior party activist of Agudas Yisrael. How, then, does Rav Shach instruct them to vote? Rav Shach knew very well — and he never missed an opportunity to stress to others — that the fate of Degel Hatorah depended on every single vote it could muster. Yet, despite his tremendous dedication to this cause, he told the representative of the olim organization, “Gratitude is the most important of traits! If your organization received assistance from Agudas Yisrael, you must vote for them!”

For many years, Rav Shach used to visit an elderly woman in Ramat Gan and inquire after her welfare, offering to help her in whatever way he could. Rav Shach explained the background to his connection with this woman:

“When I was a child, we lived in a little village called Vovoilnik. My mother had the practice of spending the entire Yom Kippur in shul davening, straight from Kol Nidrei until Ne’ilah. One year, when I was about 5 years old, I was playing outside, when a band of Gypsies came along and snatched me, pulling me into their wagon as they continued to ride along. It so happened that several girls saw what had happened and began to run after the wagon, crying, ‘Stop! Thief!’ The Gypsies became frightened and threw their ‘catch’ out of the wagon. Thus, I was saved from being kidnapped and from who knows what other forms of calamity. This woman living in Ramat Gan is one of those girls from Vovoilnik!”

Many decades had passed since that incident. Rav Shach had gone on to study in Ponevezh, in Slabodka, Slutsk, Kletzk, Luninetz, Novoardok and Vilna. He had moved to Eretz Yisroel and lived in Yerushalayim and then in Bnei Brak. But he never forgot his debt of gratitude to that woman!

Old and New

t he s ePha Rdic h eRitage h aggadah

By Rabbi Eli Mansour and Rabbi David Sutton

“ Initially, our fathers were idol worshippers.”

There is a powerful story about Rav Yitzchak Elchanan Spektor of Kovna that sheds an interesting light on this passage in the Haggadah. Rav Spektor was beloved by all Jews. Even the maskilim (the so-called enlightened Jews, most of whom had forsaken their precious heritage) admired him and thought that he was one of them, because in his rabbinical response, he seemed to them to have found leniencies in certain areas of halacha

Once, when Rav Spektor was returning from a railroad journey to St. Petersburg, he stopped at the Vilna station on his way back to Kovna. Many

people came to the station to greet him. One of the maskilim, who had been on the train but had not as yet seen Rav Spektor, became intensely curious as to the reason for the large crowd of well-wishers, and he was told that they had come out to greet Rav Yitzchak Elchanan of Kovna. At that point, the maskil wanted to meet the rav himself, and upon his being pointed out to him, the man saw a venerable chacham with a long beard and peyos, wearing a talis and tefillin

The maskil could not disguise his disappointment. He said, “Rabbi, we used to praise you as being one of us, one of the progressive elements, a member of the new generation. But now I see that you are from the old generation!”

Rav Spektor smiled as he answered, “No, it is just the opposite of what you are saying: I am from the new generation – and you are from the old generation! After all, we say in the Haggadah, ‘Originally, our fathers were idol worshipers.’ That is the old way, the way you maskilim practice your religion [by revering the ‘gods’ of the secular world around you]. However, the way I practice my religion is the new way — G-d’s way!”

Tears Over the Seder

Food Fo R t hought voluMe 2 by Rabbi

Yitzchok Hisiger

Afew days before Pesach, Rav Yekusiel Yehudah Halberstam, the Sanz-Klausenburger Rebbe, was hospitalized with a serious virus. On Erev Pesach, the physicians examined him and decided that he has to stay in the hospital for the Seder night. They added that due to the seriousness of his condition, no one, not even close family members, would be able to be with him.

While accepting the doctors’ decision, the rebbe broke down crying. He was seemingly devastated by what he had been told.

Toward the end of the month of Nissan, the rebbe was finally discharged and allowed to return home. At that moment, the rebbe explained why he had cried several weeks earlier. The

rebbe endured unspeakable tragedies in his life. His strength and fortitude were the things of legend. His faith was indestructible and his resilience rock-solid. Why had he suddenly broken down in the hospital?

“From the time I was born,” the rebbe explained, “I can honestly say that there has not been one tzarah that I have not endured, but I never cried or paid attention to my troubles. I was always concerned that someone might think that I may have even a tiny complaint against HaKadosh Baruch Hu, chas v’shalom. I accepted everything with love.

“But when the doctors told me that I will have to remain in the hospital for the leil haSeder, I cried, because I saw the pain on the faces of my wife and my children. I saw their pain of not being able to be together for the Seder.

“It was my pain over their pain that caused me to cry.”

The rebbe ’s close attendant, Rav Yosef Binyomin Williger, upon telling this story, would note that the rebbe was orphaned at a young age and went through the Holocaust, during which he lost his first wife and eleven children. Yet he never cried. He only cried when others were suffering, and he felt their pain along with them. All stories reprinted with permission from ArtScroll/Mesorah Publications.

Z3@CINCINNATI

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BEFORE APRIL 1: J MEMBERS: $18 | PUBLIC: $25

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Real conversations about Israel, Zionism, identity, and the future of Jewish life. Bold questions. Honest listening. Staying in the room when it gets hard. That’s Z3.

Z3 @ Cincinnati is our local version of the national Z3 Conference, built by the Mayerson JCC and the Jewish Federation of Cincinnati to reflect the voices and realities of Jewish life right here. We don’t find unity by avoiding hard questions. We find it by working through them together.

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Omer Shem Tov is a survivor of the October 7 Nova Music Festival massacre and a former hostage held captive by Hamas in Gaza for 505 days. Abducted during the attack, he endured prolonged captivity under brutal conditions-fighting not only to survive, but to remain human. In captivity, Omer chose faith over fear. Through a deep connection to God, inner discipline, and gratitude, he embraced positivity as an act of resistance-strengths that continue to guide his life. Today, Omer speaks with honesty and purpose, blending testimony with reflections on resilience, responsibility, and mindset. His message is not only about survival, but about how to live-choosing light, meaning, and life again and again.

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School of Thought

Starts and Stops are Not Fun

By Barbara Deutsch

Before my early morning Pilates class, I caught up with friends in America and Israel (early risers too), went to the supermarket in the Wolfson Towers for cleaning products, got breakfast from Green’s, rearranged my closet for the umpteenth time, showered and dressed for the rest of the day’s activities.

All of this before 10:00 a.m. – my life in Israel.

Operation Roaring Lion and sirens continue to dictate how and where we in Israel spend our days. I have decided to take control of my own narrative and not let wondering what will happen next limit my ability to function. I believe that what separates this war from all of its many predecessors is that Operation Roaring Lion is a proactive not a reactive battle for peace. This makes me proud, exhausted and happy to be living here as history unfolds.

I’m freezing as I hang out in my apartment babysitting the “fasting” skilled Arab installers. My apartment consists of a big studio front room with a small kitchen behind it. Towards the back, there is a master bedroom suite with a full bathroom. The hallway features a full bathroom, a small guest bathroom, and a second bedroom that serves as a fully protected mamad; very convenient these crazy days and sleep-deprived nights.

My home sits on a broken, steep and hilly street populated by ancient buildings. It is near Bob’s favorite hangout, the shuk. About 10 years ago, my apartment, as well as the building, was completely renovated by a Lubavitch gentleman. He sports a long white beard that sits under a warm, kind smile. The apartment, front to back, is on a slope and features floor to ceiling picture glass windows and doors that abut onto a small, sukkah-friendly garden.

The minute Bob saw the apartment, his eyes glowed. It was clear to everyone standing in the room that this light-filled

space would become our Israel home.

When the beautiful black grate doors started opening spontaneously, I called Gershon, my landlord. He came, as he always does, immediately. Gershon examined the doors and offered to replace all of them; in Israel, that rarely happens. Included would be every window – the two in the front plus the one in the master bathroom as well. Everything glass would be upgraded.

None of the workers spoke English; all three were fluent in Hebrew. The doors and windows had been ordered before the war so, of course, they arrived a day after war broke out. Despite the cold and meeting new tenants from the flying insect world, I was happy to finally not have to keep a heavy chair against the door to keep it closed.

Finding happiness during difficult times is precious.

The morning my brother Sydney and Debby, my sister-in-law, left to go home, I woke up at 4:00 a.m. to check on their status. Would they be among the chosen 100 (numbers change daily) people allowed onto the 5:30 a.m. flight to JFK? They are senior citizens with a confirmed ticket and seats. Somehow, depending on the hour, these are things that do or do not matter.

Sydney and Debby had to pack up and head to the airport the night “before” their flight to ensure their spot and await their fate. During that time, they enjoyed a little extra excitement and cardio activity when a siren sent all travelers down six flights of stairs to wait out the threat.

They were among the lucky 100.

Jonathan, my son-in-law, was bumped off numerous flights both before and when he got to the airport. As a precaution, before leaving Toronto, he double-booked himself flights on both Air Canada and El Al. This decision turned out to be a smart move.

As expected, Air Canada cancelled. A few days later, this airline offered Jon-

athan some kind of connection through Dubai, which was also cancelled. El Al, trying to manage a difficult scenario, has shut down new ticket sales till the end of March. For now, they are only honoring existing tickets which lucky Jonathan had.

Jonathan and his London El Al ticket got him home. I pointed out to him that his multiple series of cancelled tickets have taken him on trips around Europe and the Middle East without his ever leaving the airport.

Because he was finally able to connect with a “willing to explore options” helpful agent and his own tenacity, Jonathan made it onto a 6:00 a.m. flight to Budapest, with a short stopover in Frankfurt, to arrive at his Toronto home exhausted.

Not his luggage; he is still waiting for his suitcase with the now questionable gluten-free goodies for my daughter.

These are just small and simpler examples of what it takes to get home from Israel even when you have an El Al ticket.

During his memorable Israel stay, Jonathan lodged in one hotel, then transferred to another one when the hotel needed rooms for the displaced residents of Beit Shemesh. There are families from Tel Aviv and its surroundings who have homes and businesses that were destroyed by nasty bombs, which are filled with smaller ones, which randomly explode leaving harmful shrapnel everywhere.

Depending on where you live and what safety measures you should/are taking, when there is a warning signal, you have a few minutes before the sirens begin to blast. You are supposed to make your way to a miklat, usually a big public space outside your home that is utilized by numerous random and neighborhood people. I am told that neighbors become friends by spending “quality” time together in the building’s miklat.

If you are lucky, your apartment has a mamad, a room that is reinforced with metal doors and special glass. It’s a safe room within your own home. A mamad makes it a lot easier when a siren jolts you out of a “not easily acquired deep sleep.” And an in-your-apartment mamad keeps you from having to scramble for clothes (the dress code for miklats goes from the ridiculous to the sublime), grab some provisions, the kids, and dogs (a lot of Israelis own them) to run out into the night to find safety.

All new apartments in Israel are now being built with an internal miklat.

In deeply populated areas like Geulah or Meah Shearim, there is usually neither. Too many people in very congested areas leave little room for this kind of “luxury.” I hear that there are those who feel fully protected by the mezuzot that every Jewish home has affixed to the right side of their doors.

As I was doing some errands, another siren forced me to decide if I should stop to find safety somewhere or just keep walking. I walk this same path every day to the gym. I feel comfortable and safe. Sirens – that’s becoming a more disturbing and interruptive glitch. From out of nowhere, Lynn, a neighbor and my daughter-in-law’s nephew inlaw’s aunt, greets me. She lives behind the metal door in the alley that I pass

The men fixing my windows

through daily. I did not know.

Lynn invited me inside. I debated. In my head, a voice told me to accept her invitation; there must be a reason she appeared. I went inside.

An “all clear,” and I was on my way. Thank you, Lynn.

In the afternoon, I went to pick up the shoes that hurt and made holes in my feet. They still do, so I left them for more fixing. I retrieved my favorite watch – the pin on the band broke – from the Russian watch maker. I ate brunch with lovely women friends, and I worked on my papercutting with my much more talented artist group.

On Zoom, I attended the funeral of a young brave soul, a son, a husband and a father of four. He was a beloved Torah scholar and baal chessed, a real mensch. May his neshama have an aliyah.

That night, the Iron Dome deployed so close to my neighborhood that the loud sound of the explosions forced me to cower under my covers; I was heart-palpitatingly scared. This morning, I was in a fog and sluggish on my way to pilates. Even my usually cold and taciturn gym classmates talked to me. Everyone was shaken.

Later, on my way to meet my cousin Deena for breakfast, I got the warning signal on my phone. Once again, I debated: should I keep walking, as most were, turn back home, or seek shelter in the close by public miklat housed in Midrash Shmuel.

I chose to follow the rows of sleepy boys, some in flip flops and others

neutralized right in front of me; I now behave like an experienced Israeli. Within 30 minutes, over 150 rockets and missiles were fired at Israel by the IRGC in Iran and Hezbollah in Lebanon. Imagine if these deadly rockets and missiles, each one having the potential to kill tens or even hundreds, were fired into New Jersey. Now imagine

I have decided to take control of my own narrative and not let wondering what will happen next limit my ability to function.

wrapped in blankets covering their heads, into the miklat. Just as I was about to go down the steep flights of stairs in the building, I heard the familiar sound of plane engines (dating back to living near JFK) above my head. When I looked up, I noticed flashes of what looked like metal and white plumes of smoke spiraling.

Exploding live missiles were being

those same rockets and missiles resulting in zero deaths or injuries Chasdei Hashem.

Despite the horror of loss in Beit Shemesh, the casualties and injuries have been minimal. Even one Jewish victim is too much. We cannot measure the anguish and anxiety of those poor families who are once again waiting for their chayalim to return.

We are witnessing miraculous, Biblical, and Messianic times. Let’s not forget to say, “Thank you, Hashem!”

The Arab men who installed my doors were accommodating and friendly. Should/can I trust them? People I love and was excited to spend Pesach with, will they still come? When will we be able to stop jumping at sudden and unexpected loud noises? Will the sounds of sirens and exploding bombs not be a part of what we hoped would be an ordinary day?

Finding peace for Israel may well be the biggest miracle of all. We all have to believe.

I do!

I am back in my apartment with beautiful doors that stay closed and airtight new windows. I am safe; that’s what I choose to believe.

We are trying hard to stay OK!

Barbara Deutsch is the former associate principal at HANC, middle school principal at Kushner, and Dean of Students at Yeshiva of Flatbush. A not-retired educator, she is still trying to figure out life in Israel.

In The K tchen

Ultimate Pesach Cholent

Meat / Yields 8 servings

By Naomi Nachman

In order to make the “ultimate” Pesach cholent, I tried numerous versions over weeks and weeks but wasn’t so happy with the results. I mentioned my struggles to my friend Miriam (and photographer for my book Perfect For Pesach), and she told me that her father, Harry Pascal, a”h, made the most amazing Pesach cholent. His secret? He cuts potatoes into little pieces to give the cholent that bean-like texture. I tried that, and finally did have the ultimate Pesach cholent. Don’t skip the kishka in this recipe, because it really takes the cholent to the next level.

Ingredients

Kishka Layer

• 1 carrot, peeled

• 1 potato, peeled

• 1 stalk celery

• 1 small onion, peeled

• ¹/₃ cup oil

• 5 Tablespoons potato starch

• 1 cup non-gebrochts matzah ball mix

• 1 teaspoon salt

• 1½ teaspoons paprika

Preparation

1. In the bowl of a food processor fitted with the “S” blade, puree the vegetables.

2. Add remaining ingredients and mix to combine.

3. Place the mixture in a rectangular piece of parchment paper. Roll up tightly, making sure both ends are closed, to ensure that it doesn’t leak while cooking. Set aside.

4. Place kishka onto cholent at Step 4 in cholent recipe. Cook together with the cholent until ready to serve.

Ingredients

Cholent

• 1 tablespoon kosher salt

• 1 tablespoon paprika

• 1 tablespoon garlic powder

• 6 russet or Idaho potatoes, peeled and cut into ½-inch dice

• 2 sweet potatoes, peeled and quartered

• 2 onions, quartered

• 2 pounds bone-in flanken

• 2 Tablespoons potato starch

• 3 cups water

• 1 cup ketchup

• ½ cup red wine

Preparation

1. In a small bowl, combine salt, paprika and garlic powder. Set aside.

2. In a medium bowl, toss potatoes, sweet potatoes, onions and flanken with spice mixture. Place into a slow cooker.

3. In a small bowl, dissolve potato starch in the water. Add ketchup and wine. Add to slow cooker. Place prepared kishka into cholent.

4. Cook on low until ready to serve, 12 hours or overnight.

Recipe reprinted from Perfect for Pesach by Naomi Nachman, published by ArtScroll.

Naomi Nachman, the owner of The Aussie Gourmet, caters weekly and Shabbat/ Yom Tov meals for families and individuals within The Five Towns and neighboring communities, with a specialty in Pesach catering. Naomi is a contributing editor to this paper and also produces and hosts her own weekly radio show on the Nachum Segal Network stream called “A Table for Two with Naomi Nachman.” Naomi gives cooking presentations for organizations and private groups throughout the New York/New Jersey Metropolitan area. In addition, Naomi has been a guest host on the QVC TV network and has been featured in cookbooks, magazines as well as other media covering topics related to cuisine preparation and personal chefs. To obtain additional recipes, join The Aussie Gourmet on Facebook or visit Naomi’s blog. Naomi can be reached through her website, www.theaussiegourmet.com or at (516) 295-9669.

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Headlines Halacha

Through Thick and Thin

How Matzah Became This

By Rabbi Yair Hoffman

“Yes, no joke! There are hand matzos this year with an Eida Chareidis Hechsher that are only ten dollars a pound.!”

“Alright, I believe you. But, this place. What do they charge for the thin ones? My family only eats thin. Very thin. What do they charge for that one?”

“The thin is only twenty dollars a pound.”

“Can’t be. Last year I paid more than double.”

The above was a conversation heard between two shoppers outside a local supermarket, and then, inside, this shopper witnessed something fascinating. The teeming masses were purchasing thin – not the thicker one that was half of the price.

There is no question. Thin is in.

But how did matzah become so thin? Didn’t it used to not be the case? And what about that Syrian matzah that is sold?

To get into the thick of things on the issue (sorry, couldn’t help it), it might be a good idea to examine the history of matzah making. We can possibly trace the development of this history by ex-

amining at least four different types of sources. The Machon Moreshes Ashkenaz in Bnei Brak is an important resource when it comes to understanding Ashkenazic history in general and particularly when it comes to matzos (see Yerushasainu Volume VII).

• The first source is how the Rishonim and Acharonim describe matzah and the processes involved. The problem is that there are clearly different frames of references, and not always can we be sure as to what they mean exactly. Regardless, however, we need to know the Gemara background.

• The second method is, believe it or not, is through pictures found in old Haggadahs.

• The third method is through the halachos of Eruv Chatzeiros. How so? If an Eruv Chatzeiros spoils, rots or molds, it needs to be redone. Thick matzah spoils – thin matzos last.

• The fourth method is through the recollections of older people as to when specific changes happened and their mesorahs handed down from older people as to when they recall that specific changes happened.

How To Interpret the Bavli

The first mention of thickness is in the Jerusalem Talmud (Psachim 2:4). “One fulfills the obligation with thick matzah up to a hand-breadth, just like the Lechem HaPanim.”

The issue of thick versus thin is further found in the Babylonian Talmud (Psachim 36a-37a), and therein lies the heart of the matter. Bais Shammai says you cannot bake matzah aveh for Pesach*; Beis Hillel says you can. [Matzah aveh at this point seems to be translated as “thick matzah,” but we will soon see otherwise. Also, there is a possibility that the word here by the asterisk is yom tov and not Pesach, but we will also soon see what that is about.]

Rav Huna says, “And how much is thick? – a handbreadth.” Rav Yosef attacked with a number of objections: If they said it regarding a hot oven in the Bais HaMikdash, will they also say it is permitted with regard to a cool oven?

The Lechem Hapanim was baked in a metal oven that could be heated quickly. Will they say the same with regard to a clay oven which doesn’t? Rav Yosef rather answered that matzah aveh, thick

matzah, means merely that it required a large amount of kneading or that in this particular town it meant that there was a lot of bread.

Four Possible Understandings

There are no less than four different possibilities of understanding “Rav Yosef’s attack.” The first two possibilities are premised on the notion that Rav Yosef is only attacking Rav Hunah on his equating it to the Lechem HaPanim and that you can learn things out from there, but not on that the debate between Bais Hillel and Bais Shammai centers on whether there is a concern or not for thickness making things more susceptible to becoming chometz. But, according to this understanding, we do not know the parameters for what is the thick matzah that they are debating.

The next two possibilities (3 and 4) understand Rav Yosef as fundamentally disagreeing that the underlying issue is “chometzability,” rather, the issue is whether it is forbidden on yom tov because it is too much work.

1. The Bach and Bais Yoseph in Siman 460 learn, or seem to imply, that Bais Hil-

READ BETWEEN THE LINES

lel holds that as long as we keep it less than a tefach, thick matzah is permitted.

2. We should be machmir and not make it thick matzah, but we see from here that the matzah does not have to be the thinnest of the thin, since Bais Hillel holds that “thick” is okay.

3. We should be machmir and not make thick matzah, because only the Lechem HaPanim had safeguards in place to ensure that it not become chometz. We should, therefore, not make thick matzah but only because they had knowledgeable kohanim who knew what they were doing, and it had a controlled baking environment.

4. The first Lubavitcher Rebbe and the Machatzis HaShekel on the Mogen Avrohom 460:4 seem to understand that there are a number of other factors that cause the matzah to become susceptible to become chometz. They imply that we can only make tefach-thick matzah with the Lechem Hapanim, but if there was someone knowledgeable and careful who can address the other factors, it would be fine. Indeed, perhaps, even thicker than a tefach may be permitted.

The Three Possible Halachic Positions

These four different possibilities yield three different halachic positions.

5. Matzah less than a tefach is permitted to bake.

6. We should make the thinnest of the thin (based on possibility 2).

7. Any thickness is OK (based on possibilities 1 and 3).

Sefardic Rishonim

Many Rishonim, particularly among the Sefardic authorities, ruled like position B. Among them were the Rashba, the Ra’ah, the Ritva, the Maharam Chalava, and the Shita Mekubetzes on Baitzah.

The Raavad, Raavya, the Ohr Zaruah and the Rashbatz, on the other hand, were all lenient and adopted the first position that anything less than a tefach was permitted.

The Ohr Zaruah Hilchos Challah 26 seems to suggest that there was a practical reason for the more lenient position. He indicates that the need for thin was only because the individual ovens that the stringent poskim held (mostly among Sefardic poskim) took a long time to get hot. However, once the switch to larger, communal ovens transpired, they could be more lenient.

Eventually, matzos developed that had drawings on them. These drawings

were either stamped onto the matzos or quickly etched into the matzos by those manufacturing it. Evidence for this can be seen in the both the writings of the poskim immediately after the era of the Rishonim. There was a huge caveat here, however. The drawings could only be permitted if the matzos were thin. Otherwise, there would be significant problems of chometz.

There were geographic areas in Ashkenazic Europe where the trends went back and forth, but eventually the Ashkenazic community soon fully shifted to take the B position. Mind you, this was all before the advent of machine matzah. In other words, the eventual halachic ideal of position B combined with the technological advances brought on by machine matzah production eventually yielded the ability for matzos to get thinner.

The Machine Matzoh Revolution

1856 was the year everything changed, at least for some people. In Vienna, Austria, a Jewish baker created an international stir. He introduced machinery in the production of matzah. There was an earlier machine created in 1837 too, but that one did not stir up any controversy, perhaps because it did not automate as much as the latter version.

When the issue became known in Galicia, the controversy began. Rav Shlomo Kluger wrote a response about the issue to his student, Rabbi Chaim Nosson Dembitzer, the famous rabbi and historian in Cracow and Rabbi Leib Horowitz (Cracow’s chief rabbi). The responsa is found in HoElef Lecha Shlomo (Hashmatos 32).

The Hand/Machine War Begins

Later, in 1859, Rav Kluger joined up with Rav Mordechai Zev Ettinger, the author of the Maamar Mordechai, and published together the Modaah L’Bais Yisroel where the two great luminaries categorically forbade the use of machine matzos and placed it under the ban.

They gave a number of reasons for forbidding it. Rav Ettinger’s brother-in-law and chavrusah, Rav Yoseph Shaul Nathanson, author of the SHoel UMaishiv, was a world-class posek in his own right.

Shortly after the printing of the Modaah L’Bais Yisroel, Rav Nathanson printed a booklet permitting the matzos entitled Bittul HaModaah. Needless to say, the chavrusahschaft with his brother-in-law the Maamar Mordechai ended on a somewhat sour note. A 25-year collaboration on dozens of great halachic

works came to a tragic end because of the argument.

Initially, the Maharsham of Brezen (responsa Maharsham Vol. II #16) also issued a ruling permitting machine matzah, even for use at the Seder. This heter was based on the notion that the machinery required constant turning by human labor. Later, he rescinded the heter (Vol. IV #129) based upon the idea that the power was emanating from electricity and the human labor was merely a grama, a cause. The Divrei Malkiel, however, permitted it even with the electricity being the power source.

Another authority of those who permitted the matzos was the Ksav Sofer, the sonof the famed Rav Moshe Sofer, known as the Chasam Sofer.

What were Rav Kluger’s reasons forbidding the matzah?

There were four reasons for his strict ruling. 1) He felt the requirement of lishma was lacking; 2) he was concerned for crumbs and leftover dough that would stick to the machines; 3) he was concerned that the feeling for whole or broken wheat kernels which is normally done by hand would no longer be performed; and 4) he provided a sociological reason for the poor. Since the cost of

matzos would lower considerably, people would no longer provide them with charitable contributions.

The Sanzer Rebbe, Rav Chaim Halberstam (Divrei Chaim OC #23, and #24), agreed with the position that forbade the matzos. The Sochatchover in Avnei Naizer (OC #537) also came out strongly against machine matzos and cited the Sanzer Rebbe, as well as the Gerrer Rebbe forbidding it.

Rav Elyashiv, zt”l, vs. Rav Chaim, zt”l

In modern times, it is well known that Rav Elyashiv, zt”l, and his family used machine matzos. Rav Chaim, zt”l, and his family used hand matzos.

Let’s keep in mind that whatever matzah is used, we should remember that the more we eat of it the greater dveikus b’Hashem and emunah we develop. The Zohar calls it “food of emunah” for a reason.

Have a chag kasher v’sameach!

This article should be viewed as a halachic discussion and not practical advice. The author can be reached at yairhoffman2@ gmail.com.

U

U

U

U

U

U

TJH Centerfold

What Meteorologists Say Vs. What They Mean

“Partly Cloudy”

We truly have no idea which way this is going.

“Chance of Rain”

Somewhere, at some point, someone will get wet.

“Isolated Showers” It will rain exactly where you are.

“Scattered Thunderstorms”

Bring everything: umbrella, hoodie, backup plans.

“A Passing System”

This could last 20 minutes or your entire afternoon.

“Cooling Trend” You had your fun. It’s over.

Riddle Me This

U

“Unseasonably Warm”

Enjoy it because it will be freezing again tomorrow.

U

U

U

U

U

U“Wintry Mix”

We’ve officially lost control of the situation.

“Light Snow”

Either nothing…or 6 inches. No in-between.

“Accumulation Possible” It may just be time to panic-buy milk.

“Gusty Winds”

Yes, your garbage cans are in danger.

“Developing Later” We’ll deal with this problem in a few hours.

“We’re Monitoring the Situation” Things can get bad fast!

A meteorologist says there is a 100% chance of rain tomorrow.

Two people hear the forecast.

One brings an umbrella and stays dry.

The other does not bring an umbrella and also stays dry.

The forecast turns out to be completely accurate.

How is it possible that the person who did not bring an umbrella stayed dry?

Answer: He never went outside in the rain.

Under the Weather

1. According to Indeed, what is the average salary range for a meteorologist in the United States?

a. $71,000 to $109,000

b. $175,000 to $210,000

c. $240,000 to $270,000

d. $400,000 to $$500,000

2. What does a Doppler radar primarily detect?

a. Temperature changes

b. Air pressure

c. Movement of precipitation

d. Cloud color

3. What scale is used to measure the intensity of tornadoes?

a. Richter Scale

b. Saffir-Simpson Scale

c. Celsius Scale

d. Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale

4. What does humidity measure?

a. Wind speed

b. Cyclone

c. Jet stream

d. Monsoon

6. What type of cloud is most associated with thunderstorms?

a. Cirrus

b. Stratus

c. Cumulus

d. Cumulonimbus

7. What is the boundary between two different air masses called?

a. Front

b. Pressure line

c. Storm zone

d. Climate barrier

Answer Key:

Well Said

I tried to become a meteorologist, but I couldn’t handle the pressure.

b. Amount of water vapor in the air

c. Cloud thickness

d. Air pressure changes

5. What is the term for a fastmoving, narrow band of strong winds in the upper atmosphere?

a. Trade winds

Wisdom Key:

6-7 correct: You definitely have a weather vane on your roof, which means that you are totally not vain.

3-5 correct: You are right in the middle – need a spring jacket.

0-2 correct: You don’t even know what a meteorologist is. Is it a type of macaroon?

My weather app is like me –mostly wrong but confident. The meteorologist said “high pressure,” and I thought he meant my life.

Cloudy with a chance I stay indoors forever.

Hail is like snow’s angry cousin.

Storms come and go, but meteorologist puns reign forever.

Davenning times

Davenning times

Davenning times

ShABBoS

2:15 Kollel

5:00 Chabad BA pre ph CZE, Golf Manor

Schedules change seasonally, so look for updates in every issue. Minyan times were accurate at press time. If in doubt, please contact each mosad Please send corrections to creative@raubvogel.us

Weekdays

8,

ShAchAriS

Fri. m incha

Schedules change seasonally, so look for updates in every issue. Minyan times were accurate at press time. If in doubt, please contact each organization for the most accurate information.

Schedules change seasonally, so look for updates in every issue. Minyan times were accurate at press time. If in doubt, please contact each organization for the most accurate information.

Sha’arei Torah A

pre ss CZE, Mesivta / Sha’arei Torah B

S Sun Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Shabbos Legal holiday rosh ch . (M-F)

Shachari

M •Th T• W • F Rosh Chodesh

8:30

6:30 Golf Manor 0:10 early

minchA/m A’Ariv

Sun. M–Th

The Shul ch A bA d

Golf Manor 8, 9 6:306:306:306:306:30 8:20, 9 8:00 10 min. early chDS call 7:307:307:307:307:30 7:45 cZE 7:30, 8:30 6:50 7:007:00 6:50 7:00 7:15, 8:45 7:30, 8:30 10 min. early Kollel 8:15 7, 7:207, 7:207, 7:207, 7:207, 7:20 7, 7:20 7, 7:20

6:35 Sha’arei Torah 0:10 early

7:15 CZE

8:20 Golf Manor 8:45 CZE

Kollel 8:15 7, 7:207, 7:207, 7:207, 7:207, 7:20 7, 7:20 7, 7:20

6:50 7:00 CZE 0:10 early

7:00 Chabad BA Kollel (Annex) same 0:10 early

7:20 Kollel

Shacharis

Mesivta 7:457:457:457:457:457:45 8:30* 7:45 7:45

Mesivta 7:457:457:457:457:457:45 8:30* 7:45 7:45

8:55 Mesivta / 9:00 Golf Manor

Sha’arei Torah 8:00 6:356:356:356:356:35 9:008:00 10 min. early

Kollel 2:15 Mesivta / 2:35 Kollel, CHDS / 3:00 Communicare*

Sha’arei Torah 9:30 Chabad BA

Sha’arei Torah 8:00 6:356:356:356:356:35 9:008:00 10 min. early

10:00 The Shul ch A bA d

Golf Manor chDS cZE Kollel Mesivta Sha’arei Torah

7:30 CHDS /

7:45 Mesivta / , OTC / 8:00 CZE

Golf Manor chDS cZE Kollel Mesivta Sha’arei Torah

Sunday before p’lag** before sunset Mincha gedola, 8 2:15 before sunset***

Weekdays before p’lag** 2:12 before sunset 2:35, 6 4:00 before sunset*** Friday before p’lag** before p’lag & sunset before p’lag* before sunset***

9:05 YLC / 9:25 YGL /

Sundays & h olidays Sundays Holidays

7:30 CZE 7:30

7:45 Mesivta / 7:45

8:00 CHDS / Golf Manor

Sha’arei Torah 8:00 8:00

5:00 CZE, Sha’arei Torah 6:15 CZE

Shabbos 40 min. before sunset 5:00, 6:20 40 min. before sunset 90 min. before sunset 7:25 30 min. before sunset

Sunday before p’lag** before sunset Mincha gedola, 8 2:15 before sunset*** Weekdays before p’lag** 2:12 before sunset 2:35, 6 4:00 before sunset*** Friday before p’lag** before p’lag & sunset before p’lag* before sunset*** Shabbos 40 min. before sunset 5:00, 6:20 40 min. before sunset 90 min. before sunset 7:25 30 min. before sunset

3:47 OTC / 3:50 Mesivta / 4:20 YGL / 5:05 YLC / 6:00 Kollel m

Sha’arei Torah A pre ss CZE

S–W Thurs

Sha’arei Torah B

variable (minutes before ss) varies Mesivta / 90 Kollel

40 Golf Manor

Sha’arei Torah

30 Chabad BA, CZE

Golf Manor cZE Kollel Mesivta Sha’arei Torah Sunday after p’lag** after sunset 9:45, 10 at Kollel—9after sunset*** Mon.–Wed. after p’lag** after sunset 9:45, 10 M & W at Kollel—9after sunset*** Thursday after p’lag** after sunset10:00 (× 2) at Mesivta—9after sunset***

8:15 Kollel 7:20

8:30 CZE, Chabad BA OTC / 8:30

6:45 Mesivta / 8:45 Kollel (trailer) ‡ 8:50 Kollel (Annex)

The Shul ch A bA d

variable (minutes after ss)

Golf Manor cZE Kollel Mesivta Sha’arei Torah Sunday after p’lag** after sunset 9:45, 10 at Kollel—9after sunset*** Mon.–Wed. after p’lag** after sunset 9:45, 10 M & W at Kollel—9after sunset*** Thursday after p’lag** after sunset10:00 (× 2) at Mesivta—9after sunset***

Sha’arei Torah

Motzo’ei Shabbos (min. after sunset) 35 37 and 55 50 30 * on alternating weeks—see Mesivta scheduling ** changes to before/after sunset after Sukkos *** effective September 5

Motzo’ei Shabbos (min. after sunset) 35 37 and 55 50 30 * on alternating weeks—see Mesivta scheduling ** changes to before/after sunset after Sukkos *** effective September 5

9:00 CZE (Library) 9:00 9:05 YLC / 9:05

9:00 CZE, YLC / 9:05 Mesivta / 9:20 YGL / 10:00 Kollel (Annex) 10:15 CZE

CZE

Golf Manor

The Shul ch A bA d 43–48 (8.5°) Chabad BA

First Tallis & Tefillin (60 min.) Sunrise Last Sh’ma (Gr”a) Last T’fila (Gr”a) ch atzos Mincha Gedola P’lag haMincha Sunset ★★★ (50 min.)

First Tallis & Tefillin (60 min.) Sunrise Last Sh’ma (Gr”a) Last T’fila (Gr”a) ch atzos Mincha Gedola P’lag haMincha Sunset ★★★ (50 min.)

Kollel

CZE

Mesivta /

Sep 1 6:06:43 a 7:06:43 a 10:22:02 a 11:27:08 a 1:37:21 p 2:09:54 p 6:46:36 p 8:08:00 p 8:58:00 p

Sep 1 6:06:43 a 7:06:43 a 10:22:02 a 11:27:08 a 1:37:21 p 2:09:54 p 6:46:36 p 8:08:00 p 8:58:00 p

Sep 6 6:11:15 a 7:11:15 a 10:23:28 a 11:27:33 a 1:35:42 p 2:07:44 p 6:40:04 p 8:00:10 p 8:50:10 p

Sep 6 6:11:15 a 7:11:15 a 10:23:28 a 11:27:33 a 1:35:42 p 2:07:44 p 6:40:04 p 8:00:10 p 8:50:10 p

Sep 11 6:15:46 a 7:15:46 a 10:24:52 a 11:27:54 a 1:33:58 p 2:05:29 p 6:33:23 p 7:52:11 p 8:42:11 p

Sep 16 6:20:17 a 7:20:17 a 10:26:14 a 11:28:13 a 1:32:12 p 2:03:11 p 6:26:38 p 7:44:07 p 8:34:07 p

Sep 21

Sep 11 6:15:46 a 7:15:46 a 10:24:52 a 11:27:54 a 1:33:58 p 2:05:29 p 6:33:23 p 7:52:11 p 8:42:11 p

Sep 16 6:20:17 a 7:20:17 a 10:26:14 a 11:28:13 a 1:32:12 p 2:03:11 p 6:26:38 p 7:44:07 p 8:34:07 p

KEY: mg = Mincha Gedola B before Pesach ** Mondays & Wednesdays only ph = P’lag haMincha A after Pesach * Monday–Friday ss = sunset / when school is in session ‡ Tuesday only First T &T (60 min.) Sunrise Last Sh’ma (Gr”a) Last T’fila (Gr”a) Chatzos Mincha Gedola P’lag haMincha Sunset ★★★ (50 min.)

Sep 21 6:24:50 a 7:24:50 a 10:27:37 a 11:28:33 a 1:30:25 p 2:00:52 p 6:19:50 p 7:36:00 p 8:26:00 p

6:24:50 a 7:24:50 a 10:27:37 a 11:28:33 a 1:30:25 p 2:00:52 p 6:19:50 p 7:36:00 p 8:26:00 p

Sep 26 6:29:27 a 7:29:27 a 10:29:04 a 11:28:56 a 1:28:41 p 1:58:41 p 6:13:05 p 7:27:56 p 8:17:56 p

Oct 1 6:34:08 a 7:34:08 a 10:30:35 a 11:29:24 a 1:27:02 p 1:57:02 p 6:06:25 p 7:19:57 p 8:09:57 p

Mar 26 6:31:37 a 7:31:37 a 10:37:39 a 11:39:40 a 1:43:42 p 2:14:42 p 6:38:16 p 7:55:48 p 8:45:48 p Mar 31 6:23:43 a 7:23:43 a 10:32:57 a 11:36:02 a 1:42:12 p 2:13:44 p 6:41:50 p 8:00:42 p 8:50:42 p Apr 1 6:22:09 a 7:22:09 a 10:32:01 a 11:35:19 a 1:41:54 p 2:13:33 p 6:42:33 p 8:01:40 p 8:51:40 p

Sep 26 6:29:27 a 7:29:27 a 10:29:04 a 11:28:56 a 1:28:41 p 1:58:41 p 6:13:05 p 7:27:56 p 8:17:56 p

Oct 6 6:38:55 a 7:38:55 a 10:32:13 a 11:29:59 a 1:25:31 p 1:55:31 p 5:59:54 p 7:12:07 p 8:02:07 p

Oct 11

Oct 1 6:34:08 a 7:34:08 a 10:30:35 a 11:29:24 a 1:27:02 p 1:57:02 p 6:06:25 p 7:19:57 p 8:09:57 p Oct 6 6:38:55 a 7:38:55 a 10:32:13 a 11:29:59 a 1:25:31 p 1:55:31 p 5:59:54 p 7:12:07 p 8:02:07 p

Apr 6 6:14:22 a 7:14:22 a 10:27:24 a 11:31:45 a 1:40:27 p 2:12:37 p 6:46:06 p 8:06:33 p 8:56:33 p

6:43:49 a 7:43:49 a 10:33:59 a 11:30:43 a 1:24:10 p 1:54:10 p 5:53:36 p 7:04:31 p 7:54:31 p

Oct 11 6:43:49 a 7:43:49 a 10:33:59 a 11:30:43 a 1:24:10 p 1:54:10 p 5:53:36 p 7:04:31 p 7:54:31 p

Apr 10 6:08:16 a 7:08:16 a 10:23:49 a 11:29:00 a 1:39:22 p 2:11:57 p 6:48:59 p 8:10:28 p 9:00:28 p

Oct 16 6:48:51 a 7:48:51 a 10:35:56 a 11:31:37 a 1:23:01 p 1:53:01 p 5:47:33 p 6:57:11 p 7:47:11 p

Oct 16 6:48:51 a 7:48:51 a 10:35:56 a 11:31:37 a 1:23:01 p 1:53:01 p 5:47:33 p 6:57:11 p 7:47:11 p

Apr 10 6:08:16 a 7:08:16 a 10:23:49 a 11:29:00 a 1:39:22 p 2:11:57 p 6:48:59 p 8:10:28 p 9:00:28 p

Oct 21 6:54:01 a 7:54:01 a 10:38:04 a 11:32:45 a 1:22:07 p 1:52:07 p 5:41:51 p 6:50:13 p 7:40:13 p

Oct 21 6:54:01 a 7:54:01 a 10:38:04 a 11:32:45 a 1:22:07 p 1:52:07 p 5:41:51 p 6:50:13 p 7:40:13 p

Apr 11 6:06:46 a 7:06:46 a 10:22:56 a 11:28:19 a 1:39:06 p 2:11:47 p 6:49:41 p 8:11:26 p 9:01:26 p

Oct 26 6:59:20 a 7:59:20 a 10:40:25 a 11:34:06 a 1:21:30 p 1:51:30 p 5:36:32 p 6:43:40 p 7:33:40 p

Oct 26 6:59:20 a 7:59:20 a 10:40:25 a 11:34:06 a 1:21:30 p 1:51:30 p 5:36:32 p 6:43:40 p 7:33:40 p

Apr 16 5:59:24 a 6:59:24 a 10:18:38 a 11:25:02 a 1:37:52 p 2:11:04 p 6:53:19 p 8:16:20 p 9:06:20 p

Nov 1 7:05:52 a 8:05:52 a 10:43:31 a 11:36:04 a 1:21:10 p 1:51:10 p 5:30:46 p 6:36:28 p 7:26:28 p

Nov 1 7:05:52 a 8:05:52 a 10:43:31 a 11:36:04 a 1:21:10 p 1:51:10 p 5:30:46 p 6:36:28 p 7:26:28 p

Apr 21 5:52:19 a 6:52:19 a 10:14:33 a 11:21:57 a 1:36:47 p 2:10:29 p 6:56:59 p 8:21:15 p 9:11:15 p

Nov 6 7:11:24 a 8:11:24 a 10:46:19 a 11:37:58 a 1:21:15 p 1:51:15 p 5:26:32 p 6:31:06 p 7:21:06 p

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Nov 6 7:11:24 a 8:11:24 a 10:46:19 a 11:37:58 a 1:21:15 p 1:51:15 p 5:26:32 p 6:31:06 p 7:21:06 p

Apr 26 5:45:36 a 6:45:36 a 10:10:44 a 11:19:07 a 1:35:52 p 2:10:03 p 7:00:40 p 8:26:09 p 9:16:09 p May 1 5:39:18 a 6:39:18 a 10:07:14 a 11:16:33 a 1:35:10 p 2:09:49 p 7:04:24 p 8:31:03 p 9:21:03 p

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Halachic times calculated by Eli Reidler, based on the coordinates of Meadow Ridge Lane.

Halachic times calculated by Eli Reidler, based on the coordinates of Meadow Ridge Lane.

Sunrise and sunset times calculated by Eli Reidler, based on the coordinates of the frum community.