Portfolio
Chu Kin Wing C22049456
Welsh School of Architecture Year 1 Semester 1
Architectural Design 1 + Architectural Technology 1
Chu_Kin Wing_Spring Portfolio.pdf
1
Concept Design Development
Changes in Design after Crit
Precedents
Drawings
Detail Model
Atmospheric Drawings
3
16
Site Analysis
Concept
Design Development- Form Design Development - Interior
Precedents
Drawings
Detail
Site Model Model
Techtonic Model
Atmospheric Drawings
Site Analysis
Climate and Solar Analysis
Thermal Comfort and Ventilation
Design Measures
Lighting and Daylight Analysis
Sustainability
Construction Layering
Construction
Structure 1
2
DP4 DP5 AT 34
Site
Structure 2
DP4
CULINARY KIOSK
3
SITE
The view of the area in front of the Pierhead Building is blocked by the Pierhead Building. Thus, The kiosk is placed to give a contrast of light and shadow to improve its noticibility to attract customers. Therefore, it is also oriented in a way facing away from the sun to give a dark interior.
CIRCULATION SUN PATH VIEW 1 VIEW 2
SITE ANALYSIS 1:500 4
Left Approach View (View 1)
Right Approach View (View 2)
CONCEPT
Mining culture of both towns inspired a cave idea.
Ikuno, Japan - Mining town
Welsh Coal Industry
Cave / Mine
5
Hayashi Rice - Created in Ikuno
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
Initial Idea: Inspiration from onion (from ingredients of Hayashi rice)
Further developments to onion form Onion form eventually turned into cave-like structure because of similarities
Further changes to cave-like form to enhance cave-like feeling, columns added to resemble mines
6
CHANGES IN DESIGN AFTER CRIT
Design is changed after crit to enhance cave-like feeling:
1. Darker Interior
2. Jagged and uneven interior
Details of the new design is on the next page.
Design before crit
Design after crit
7
Blocks are placed on a foundation.
Blocks are then moved to create converging effect. Stair to green roof is also added at the back.
8
Blocks are finally pulled or pushed randomly.
PRECEDENTS
Columns and beams joined by traditional joinery support roof to include japanese culture
Japanese noodle bar styled seating area
Initial inspiration for cave idea, feeling of going in using converging walls
Cave-like architecture with jagged and uneven interior
Japanese Joinery Watari-ago-niju-hozo-shikuchi
Abstract Gallery Yin Peiru Architecture Studio
Archery Hall & Boxing Club FT Architects
Japanese Noodle Bar
9
Chapel of Sound OPEN Architect
SECTION BB’ SECTION CC’ 1:500 SECTION AA’ PLAN 1:50 1:50 1:50 C C’ B B’ A A’
10
DRAWINGS
HAZEL SLATE RECYCLED PLASTIC KEY WALES DETAIL 11
MODEL
12
13
ATMOSPHERIC DRAWINGS
Pre-crit atmospheric drawing
14
Post-crit atmospheric drawing showing contrast between interior and exterior lighting
15
DP5
FESTIVAL STAGE
16
SITE ANALYSIS
Stage is placed on a noticable spot on the pier and oriented against the wind. Fences are removed to allow easier access to stage. Mainly residential areas are around the pier and a skate park is far from site by walking. The stage is therefore designed for children and teenagers after Eisteddfod.
TECHNIQUEST THEMOUNTSTUART
SITE ANALYSIS 1:1000
VIEW 1 VIEW 2 VIEW 3 FLAT GROUND SYMMETRICAL VIEW SITE IS VIEWABLE SITE IS VIEWABLE A
WIND CIRCULATION VIEW 1 VIEW 3 VIEW 2 REMOVE ACCESSIBILITY Roads Pedestrian/Cycling Skate Park
17 BUILDING USE ANALYSIS Residential Child use
CONCEPT
As Eisteddfod is a music festival, I explored Welsh folk music. Inspired by the lyrics in the Welsh national anthem, I designed my stage based on the story of Moses splitting the Red Sea, creating walls at the side.
Mae hen wlad fy nhadau yn annwyl mi, Gwlad beirdd a chantorion, enwogion o fri; Ei gwrol ryfelwyr, gwladgarwyr tra mâd, Tros ryddid gollasant eu gwaed.
Chorus:
Gwlad, Gwlad, pleidiol wyf i’m gwlad, Tra môr yn fur i’r bur hoff bau, O bydded i’r heniaith barhau.
Hen Gymru fynyddig, paradwys y bardd; Pob dyffryn, pob clogwyn, i’m golwg sydd hardd Trwy deimlad gwladgarol, mor swynol yw si Ei nentydd, afonydd, fi.
- ChorusOs treisiodd y gelyn fy ngwlad dan ei droed, Mae hen iaith y Cymry mor fyw ag erioed, Ni luddiwyd yr awen gan erchyll law brad, Na thelyn berseiniol fy ngwlad.
- Chorus -
This land of my fathers is dear to me Land of poets and singers, and people of stature Her brave warriors, fine patriots Shed their blood for freedom
Chorus:
Land! Land! I am true to my land!
May the language endure for ever.
Old land of the mountains, paradise of the poets, Every valley, every cliff a beauty guards; Through love of my country, enchanting voices will be Her streams and rivers to me.
- Chorus -
Though the enemy have trampled my country underfoot, The old language of the Welsh knows no retreat, The spirit is not hindered by the treacherous hand Nor silenced the sweet harp of my land.
- Chorus -
Welsh National Anthem
Concept Collage
Prince of Egypt Concept Image
Samuel Michlap
As long as the sea serves as a wall for this pure, dear land
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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT - FORM
I sought out to design a stage based on using seas as walls. The linear form is chosen due to its potential.
Design Iteration 1
Design Iteration 2
19
Design Iteration 3
I experimented more with the linear form, taking elements from design iteration 2 and improving the form with the skate park idea.
Seating wrapping around stage
Design Iteration 2
Final Design
Seating around stage side
20
The backstage area and the stage feel unconnected. I then experimented how I can connect them using one form. A ribbon shape was chosen ultimately to tie the two parts together.
Final Design
Design 1 Design 2
21
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT - INTERIOR
The division of the interior started rigid then became free form and curved to match the form.
LOUNGE CONTROL STORAGE TOILET BACKSTAGE B Old interior New interior 22
PRECEDENTS
Inspired the cross-braced structure of the stage.
Inspired the curved elements of the stage, and connection between the front and back stage so as to “melt” into the ground.
Inspiration for the linear stage and skate park use.
Cardiff Bay Crane
Heydar Aliyev Centre Zaha Hadid Architects
23
Urban Podium In Rotterdam Atelier Kempe Thill
DRAWINGS
SITE PLAN 1:500 24
1 2 3 6 5 4 A B
A’ C
B’
C’
1 Stage
2 Lounge
3 Technical Room
4 Toilet
5 Backstage
6 Storage
SECTION AA’ 1:100 25
PLAN 1:200
SITE SECTION AA’ 1:200 26
SECTION BB’ 1:100
1 Double glazing: 10 mm safety glass + 16 mm argon-filled cavity + 12 mm lam. safety glass, c.o. 2≈ 6 mm toughened glass with mesh inlay
2 PVC Sealant
PFC
25mm blown stone wool Insulation
53mm deep joint
3 50mm lightweight concrete
200mm blown stone wool insulation
4mm vapour barrier
50mm lightweight concrete
4 CFC frame
10mm aluminium cladding
PFC and UB
100mm deep wood blocks
10mm aluminium cladding
5 10mm plasterboard
4mm vapour barrier
150mm blown stone
wool insulation
6 101.6mm lightweight concrete
4mm vapour barrier
101.6mm blown stone
wool insulation
101.6mm lightweight concrete
7 15mm hardwood floor
100mm rigid insulation
board
230mm concrete
foudation
50mm lean concrete
DETAIL
2 4 3 6 5 6 7 2 1 4 3 6 5 6 7 DETAIL SECTION CC’ 1:20 27
SITE MODEL
28
MODEL
29
TECHTONIC MODEL
30
ATMOSPHERIC DRAWINGS
Lounge area atmospheric Backstage area atmospheric 31
32
APPENDIX DP4 DP5
Concepts
1 Discover Taijima, “Ikuno Ginzan”, accessed 1/5/2023 https://discovertajima.com/history_and_culture/ikuno/?ReqViewing=pc
2 Coflein, “Cardiff Docks, Cardiff”, accessed 1/5/2023 https://coflein.gov.uk/en/site/91412/
3 Mirror, “Gleision mine in the Neath Valley, South Wales”, accessed 1/5/2023 https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/trapped-miners-body-found-as-families-154083
4 Nate Bowery, “Stephens Cap Cave ”, accessed 1/5/2023 https://www.pinterest.com/pin/714453928409224999/
Precedents
1 ArchDaily “Archery Hall & Boxing Club / FT Architects”, accessed 2/5/2023 https://www.archdaily.com/444857/timber-structure-archery-hall-and-boxing-club-ft-architects
2 The Joinery, “Watari-ago-niju-hozo-shikuchi”, accessed 1/5/2023 https://twitter.com/TheJoinery_jp/status/771307153583812610
3 JR Pass, “A Brief History of Ramen”, accessed 2/5/2023 https://www.jrpass.com/blog/the-beginner-s-guide-to-ramen
4 ArchDaily, “Abstract Gallery / Yin Peiru Architecture Studio”, accessed 1/5/2023 https://www.archdaily.com/903893/abstract-gallery-yin-peiru-architecture-studio?ad_medium=gallery
5 ArchDaily, “Chapel of Sound / OPEN Architecture ”, accessed 2/5/2023 https://www.archdaily.com/972823/monolithic-concert-hall-open-architecture
Concepts
1 Samuel Mischap, “Prince of Egypt Red Sea”, accessed 2/5/2023 https://www.artstation.com/artwork/xBQG1
Precedents
1 ArchDaily , “Heydar Aliyev Center / Zaha Hadid Architects”, accessed 2/5/2023 https://www.archdaily.com/448774/heydar-aliyev-center-zaha-hadid-architects
2 ArchDaily, “Urban Podium In Rotterdam / Atelier Kempe Thill”, accessed 1/5/2023 https://www.archdaily.com/228807/urban-podium-in-rotterdam-atelier-kempe-thill
Detail
1 Detail Inspiration, https://inspiration.detail.de/startseite.html
Goretti Church in Calabriam, Mario Cucinella Architects Greenhouse in Prague, Eva Jiricna Architects, London King’s Cross Station in London, John McAslan + Partners Glazed Atrium in London, Marks Barfield Architects
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Climate Facilities and amenities
Solar Analysis
Wind Analysis
Observations
- Lots of families and space for child use
Observations
- Lots of ways to site
- There is a skate park far from site (1560m away from Techniquest)
Observations
- South western wind could cause disrutptions or discomfort to users
- Sun could be used for warmth during the day
- Sun could cause glare to the users facing it
- Area of site: 2058m2
- Capacity of around 2000 people (1 person per m2)
Response
- Wind is blocked by walls: no wind can reach the audience and stage
- Audience are oriented so they cannot usually see the sun during the performance, sun is also blocked by the walls / buildings
Response
- Turn the stage into a skate park for children after performances
- Put the stage in the center of the pier, to be visible around the pier
AT 1 SITE
A 4160
BUILDING USE ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS
ACCESSIBILITY
Child use
Residential
Wind Direction Average Wind Speed[max](ms-1) Temperature(°C) Relative Humidity(%)
- December SW 4[18] 0 - 20 >70
Months
January
Map reference: Digimap Reference: Wind Wheel, Climate Consultant 6.0 London/Gatwick, GBR N VIEW WIND
Reference: Wind Wheel, Climate Consultant 6.0 London/Gatwick, GBR Map reference: Digimap Map reference: Digimap Map reference: Digimap Map reference: Digimap Map reference: Digimap Roads Pedestrian/Cycling Skate Park Parking m
Observations
Map reference: Digimap 34 N E W S N E W S
CLIMATE ANALYSIS
Response
- Situated stage in a spot with minimal shading for sunlight and heating
Spot 1 Spot 2
Observation
- Mostly
-
Psychometric Chart
Reference:https://drajmarsh.bitbucket.io/shading-box.html
Reference:https://drajmarsh.bitbucket.io/shading-box.html
Spot 2 is chosen because
1. It has a lower amount of sun shading
2. It has shading in summer, when heating and sunlight is surplus
3. Mostly less shading in other seasons, where it is required
Sun Shading Chart
Observation
- Mostly sunlight is needed throughout the year
- Little shading is needed, only in summer
Response
- Audience sitting on both wings can get sunlight and warmth depending on the time of day
Months Comfort (Hours) Heating (Hours) Cooling (Hours) Jan Dec 510 8225 23 Jan Feb 0 1416 0 Mar May 56 2152 0 Jun Aug 432 1750 23 Sep Dec 22 2907 0 Months Sun Needed(Hours) Shade Helps (Hours) Shade Needed (Hours) Winter Spring (Dec Jun) 2063 88 0 Summer Fall (Jun Dec) 1745 397 24
Reference: Psychometric Chart Climate Consultant 6.0 London/Gatwick, GBR Reference: Sun Shading Chart Climate Consultant 6.0 London/Gatwick, GBR
heating is needed throughout the year
Little cooling is required throughout the year, only in summer
Months Shading time Hours of Shading Jun Sep 20:00 - 2033 (2033 Sunset) 0.55 Sep Dec 1750 - 1810 (1810 Sunset) 0.33 Dec Mar 1300 -1420, 1445 -1606(1606 Sunset) 2.68 Mar Jun 1750 -1825 (1825 Sunset) 0.58
Months Shading time Hours of Shading Jun Sep 2033 (2033 Sunset) 0 Sep Dec 0600-0700, 1430-1630, 1730 - 1810 (1810 Sunset) 3.67 Dec Mar 1500-1606 (1606 Sunset) 1.1 Mar Jun 0600-0700, 1430-1630, 1730 - 1825 (1825 Sunset) 3.92 Total Hours of Shading: 8.69h
Total Hours of Shading: 4.14h
Months Shading time Jun Sep 0500-0530, 20:00 - 2033 (2033 Sunset) Sep Dec 1300-1810(1810 Sunset) Dec Mar 0800-1606 (1606 Sunset) Mar Jun 1300-1825(1825 Sunset) Months Shading time Jun Sep 0500-0900, 2000-2033 (2033 Sunset) Sep Dec 0600-0830, 1810(1810 Sunset) Dec Mar 1300-1400, 1500-1606 (1606 Sunset) Mar Jun 0600-0830, 1825(1825 Sunset)
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Reference:https://drajmarsh.bitbucket.io/shading-box.html Reference:https://drajmarsh.bitbucket.io/shading-box.html
THERMAL COMFORT AND VENTILATION
Dance Studio Backstage Medium Polluting
Concrete is used in the space, cement from it produces ammonia and other VOCs.1
The timber floor produces VOCs through resins and adhesives.2 However lots of glass is used in the space, which is a low emitting material3, replacing the concrete.
is used in the space with timber flooring. Glass is used in the space on the roof, replacing the concrete.
Storage High Polluting Lots of concrete is used in the space with timber flooring.
Technical Room High Polluting Lots of concrete is used in the space with timber flooring.
Toilet High Polluting Lots of concrete is used in the space with timber flooring.
Although spaces are medium to high polluting, the longevity of concrete as well as the use of high ventilation rates justifies it.
Space Area(m2) Volume (m3) Max no. of People, n Winter Operative Temperatures (°C) Summer Operative Temperatures(°C) Winter Heating (hours) Summer Heating (hours) Winter Cooling (hours) Summer Cooling (hours) Lounge 29 150 25 13-20 21-25 2159 1845 0 14 Dance Studio Backstage 15 45 10 21-23 22-25 2160 1948 0 45 Storage 8 30 5 19-21 21-25 2160 1845 0 14 Technical Room 8 30 5 19-21 21-25 2160 1845 0 14 Toilet 4 15 1 19-21 21-25 2160 1845 0 14 Space Ventilation Rate Needed (ach) Ventilation Rate Needed per person (Ls-1) Overall Ventilation Rate (Ls-1) Lounge
Backstage
Storage 1.2 10
Room 1.2 10
6 25 10 Space Indoor Pollution Category
Lounge Medium Polluting
0.24 10 250 Dance Studio
0.8 10 100
50 Technical
50 Toilet
Reasoning
Concrete
Space Ventilation Needed per
(Ls-1) (n x 7)
(Ls-1
m2) Total
EN
(Ls-1
Lounge 175 20.3 (x0.7) 195.3 Dance Studio Backstage 70 10.5 (x0.7) 80.5 Storage 35 11.2 (x1.4) 46.2 Technical Room 35 11.2 (x1.4) 46.2 Toilet 7 5.6 (x1.4) 12.6
Guide
EN 16798 References: Psychometric Chart Climate Consultant 6.0 London/Gatwick, GBR
https://media1.kumlin.biz/2016/02/Emissions-from-concrete.pdf 2 Lecture week 9 - Materials and Resources 3 Lecture week 9 - Materials and Resources Reference: CIBSE Guide A Table 1.5 EN16798-1:2019 Table B.6 CIBSE Guide A Table 1.5 EN16798-1:2019 Table B.7
person
Ventilation rate needed to remove pollutants
per
ventilation rate from
16798 standards
)
CIBSE
A
1
36
DESIGN MEASURES
The following design measures to achieve comfort requirements are taken from climate consultant.
1 Use of high efficiency heaters
2 Glass roof
3 Natural ventilation using windows
4 Ventilation using fans
5 Locate storage facing wind
The use of high efficiency heaters is essential in this climate due to the prevalence of cold days and will prove cost-effective.
The insulated glass roof to allow in lots of heat and light to all rooms while giving a view of the sky. This reduces daytime lighting energy and cooling loads.
LIGHTING AND DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS
The rooms are simplified as boxes in the lighting analysis due to the application’s limits. The rooms are designed to only meet US regulations of a threshold DA of 50% (IESNA, 2013) due to the glass roof compensating the lack of light, aside from the lounge area, which is meant to be a bright, open space.
Windows, vents and doors allow for air to travel around each rooms so that pollutants can be removed while rooms can be cooled in the summer.
Using mechanical fans, the efficiency of the ventilation is increased, and is not affected by the weather.
The storage area is oriented facing the wind to help insulate the building.
Reference: https://drajmarsh.bitbucket.io/daylight-box.html
Space Lighting Requirements (lux) Average percentage of time achieving illuminance requirements (%) Area of room above target value (%) Lounge 200 86.3 100 Dance Studio Backstage 300 51.67 67 Storage 50 69.43 100 Technical Room 300 55.43 79.2 Toilet 200 50.58 57
Reference: Psychometric Chart Climate Consultant 6.0 London/Gatwick, GBR
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SUSTAINABILITY
The each element in the sustainability appraisal is based on the highest sustainability ratings using the BRE Green Guide categories.
Concrete and metal were chosen due to their malleable nature. Concrete was especially chosen due to the use as a skate park and its ability to create curved shapes, which is used also for the backstage to give connection and coherence to front and back stage.
Concrete and steel are also long lasting materials so they are used due to the stage’s permanance
Reconstructed stone faced precast concrete sandwich panel, plaster skim, paint Fairfaced reinforced concrete
Powder coated aluminium clad softwood window, double glazed, water based translucent coating internally (WWA clip-on specification)
Precast concrete formwork with lattice reinforcement and in situ concrete, vapour control layer, insulation, EPDM single ply waterproofing membrane
Reference: BRE Green Guide https://tools.bregroup.com/greenguide/ggselectelement.jsp?buildingType=Offices
Concrete
Double glazed windows
Stone Wool Insulation
Recycled concrete for construction. Cement mix of lower CO2 emissions and clinker could also be used. Long lasting material fit for the stage’s permanent use.
Efficient in reducing heat loss as it has a higher U-value than single glazed windows. (U-value of single glazed and double glazed windows with argon filling are around 5.9 and 1.2 W/ (m²K) respectively)3
Stone wool is energy efficient as it has a higher R-value than fibreglass. It is also non-toxic and formaldehyde free.4
Concrete can be either broken into small pieces to be used as sub base gravel or dry aggregate in concrete mixes, or become big pieces to protect shorelines or stream beds.2
Glass can be recycled to become other products like glass bricks or glass wool insulation.
Can be reused in other projects as it is fire resistant and would not break.
Hardwood Timber is a renewable material. Timber could be dismantled removed and recused in other projects, or recycled as items like furnature.
1 https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/global-material-resources-outlook-to-2060_9789264307452-en;jsessionid=C57TRglAYaUPrpeoHNRWpuvI8ZxKrKoMka85mjTS.ip-10-240-5-8
2 Lecture week 9 - Materials and Resources
3 https://aspirebifolds.co.uk/2018/03/what-are-typical-u-values-on-windows-and-doors/
4 https://www.greenmatters.com/home/2018/03/07/ZYSamc/what-is-stone-wool-this-eco-friendly-insulation-repels-fire-and-water
External Walls Internal Walls Commercial Windows Roof construction Insulation Floor Finish Construction Rating Type
insulation density 30 kg/m³ Solid hardwood flooring (22mm) on underlay Rating C A A+ B A+ A+ Kg of CO2 eq. (60 years) 310 43 91.0 170 5.2 -48.0 Climate Change D B A+ B B A+ Water Extraction A A A B A+ A+ Mineral Resource Extraction A C A C C A+ Waste Disposal D A A B A+ A+ Human Toxicity A A+ A A A+ A+ Ecotoxicity to Land D A A C E A+ Ecotoxicity to Freshwater A+ A+ A+ A A+ A+ Materials Lifecycle End of Life / Material Separation Steel 40% Recycled content1 70% End of life recycling rate1 Aluminium 35% Recycled content1 55% End of life recycling rate1
Cavity blown stone wool
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CONSTRUCTION LAYERING
The backstage area would be discussed as it is the more complex construction and materials.
Walls Roof
The roof and the walls meet the minimum U-Value requirements. Due to the impracticality of the minimum concrete to insulation ratio until best practice, only the minimum requirements were met.
Limiting Fabric Parameters W/(m2 K) 0.3 Best Practice W/(m2 K) 0.13 U-Value W/(m2 K) 0.3 (0.32) Min. Concrete to Insulation ratio for best practice 1:300 Limiting Fabric Parameters W/(m2 K) 0.2 Best Practice W/(m2 K) 0.13 U-Value W/(m2 K) 0.186 Min. Concrete to Insulation ratio for best practice 1:300 Material mm R Value Inside Air Film 0 0.16 Lightweight Concrete 101.6 0.19 Blown Fibre 101.6 2.54 Lightweight Concrete 101.6 0.19 Outside Air Film 0 0.04 Material mm R Value Inside Air Film 0 0.16 Lightweight Concrete 50 0.09 Blown Fibre 200 5 Lightweight Concrete 50 0.09 Outside Air Film 0 0.04
Reference: Opaque 3.0 Beta London/Gatwick, GBR Reference: Opaque 3.0 Beta London/Gatwick, GBR Reference: Opaque 3.0 Beta London/Gatwick, GBR, The Building Regulations 2010 L1A Table 2, Table 4 Reference: Opaque 3.0 Beta London/Gatwick, GBR, The Building Regulations 2010 L1A Table 2, Table 4 39
Element
Purpose
The glass roof acts as a skylight to let in light in all rooms, while giving warmth. PVC Sealant: To protect PFC and the items inside it from the weather.
Glass Roof
PFC: to hold the glass, insulation and joint.
Joint: to connect the glass to the PFC and hence the roof.
Concrete Roof To hold the PFC holding the glass while insulating the interior from the exterior. Floor and Foundation
To hold the builiding in place. Floor also provides insulation. Rigid insulation board: To support weight of people walking on it.
Exterior Wall To support the structure and the cladding while insulating the interior from the exterior.
Interior Load Bearing Wall To support the roof and provide insulation.
CFC Frame Structure To support the aluminium cladding and the seating area.
Aluminium cladding
Seals the gap between the roof and the wall, while connecting them to the structure. Wood blocks: To connect the PFC and UBs while holding them in place.
Cladding: to seal the PFC and UBs.
1 Double glazing: 10 mm safety glass + 16 mm argon-filled cavity + 12 mm lam. safety glass, c.o. 2≈ 6 mm toughened glass with mesh inlay
2 PVC Sealant
PFC
25mm blown stone woolInsulation
53mm deep joint
3 50mm lightweight concrete
200mm blown stone wool insulation
4mm vapour barrier
50mm lightweight concrete
4 CFC frame
10mm aluminium cladding
PFC and UB
100mm deep wood blocks
10mm aluminium cladding
5 10mm plasterboard
4mm vapour barrier
150mm blown stone wool insulation
6 101.6mm lightweight concrete
4mm vapour barrier
101.6mm blown stone wool insulation
101.6mm lightweight concrete
7 15mm hardwood floor
100mm rigid insulation board
230mm concrete foudation
50mm lean concrete
2 4 3 6 5 6 7 2 1 4 3 6 5 6 7
CONSTRUCTION
Detail references: Detail Inspiration, https://inspiration.detail.de/startseite.html Goretti Church in Calabriam, Mario Cucinella Architects Greenhouse in Prague, Eva Jiricna Architects, London King’s Cross Station in London, John McAslan + Partners Glazed Atrium in London, Marks Barfield Architects 40
STRUCTURE 1
Loads on structure
Note: the cross-braced structure is connected to the foundation in the ground, not shown here.
Forces on the backstage either transfer loads to cross bracing or to the concrete walls. The ccncrete side walls rest on the cross braced structure. Loads of the side walls and the seating are hence transferred to the structure.
Wind Loading on structure
Forces on the whole stage Wind loads transfer to the ground through its nearest bracing to the end of the strucutre.
C+B B B C+B Wind Loading C C C+B
C C C+B T C C C C C C T C T C C T C C C
C
Wind Loading
C+B
41
STRUCTURE 2 LOAD CALCULATION
Materials:
Painted Steel Structure
Concrete Walls
Concrete and glass roof
Steel cladding (All chosen due to their ability to bend)
Gk Steel Frame + Masonry Walls (Approximation of concrete walls)
Qk Dance Studio, Stage (C5)
Wult = (1.35xGk) + (1.5xQk) = (1.35*20) + (1.5*5) = 34.5kN/SqM
Total Load: Floor = 34.5 x 70m2(1 floor) = 2415kN
Total Load: Roof = 34.5 x 75m2 = 3587.5 kN
MATERIAL SIZES
Compressive strength of steel: 275N/mm2
Area required for steel beams to support 3m2: 34.5
Dimensions of CHS section should be a diameter of 88.9 mm and 5mm thickness (From Blue Book) (1320 mm2 > 1129mm2)
Height/ Length of beams are 3m, within the typical heights of CHS beams.
Reference: Blue Book https://www.steelforlifebluebook.co.uk/
Compressive strength of concrete: 30N/mm2
Area required for concrete wall : 3587 x 1000 / 30 =119566mm2
Dimensions of wall section are 300mm x 6000mm = 1800000mm2 > 119566mm2
Height of walls are 3m, within the typical heights of concrete walls.
x 3 x 3 x
1000 / 275 = 1129 mm2
Type Amount (kNm−2)
20
5
Reference: Pamela Buxton, Metric Handbook: Planning and Design Data (Oxon: Routledge, 2015), p. 6.7. Density (kN/M3) Compression (N/mm2) Tension (N/mm2) Bending (N/mm2) Stiffness (N/mm2) Steel 78 235, 275, 355, 420 235, 275, 355, 420 235, 275, 355, 420 205 Density (kN/M3) Compression (N/mm2) Tension (N/mm2) Bending (N/mm2) Stiffness (N/mm2) Reinforced Concrete 24 10-100, 30-50 Values depend on steel reinforcement Values depend on steel reinforcement 10-30 Reference: Thomas Hill, Mann Williams, Structures 2B Reference: Pamela Buxton, Metric Handbook: Planning and Design Data Table XLV Steel-Vertical Support Elements Pamela Buxton, Metric Handbook: Planning and Design Data p.6.4 Reference: Pamela Buxton, Metric Handbook: Planning and Design Data p.6.7
42
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CIBSE Guide A
https://media1.kumlin.biz/2016/02/Emissions-from-concrete.pdf
Lecture week 9 - Materials and Resources
EN16798-1:2019
https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/global-material-resources-outlook-to-2060_9789264307452-en;jsessionid=C57TRglAYaUPrpeoHNRWpuvI8ZxKrKoMka85mjTS.ip-10-240-5-8
https://aspirebifolds.co.uk/2018/03/what-are-typical-u-values-on-windows-and-doors/
https://www.greenmatters.com/home/2018/03/07/ZYSamc/what-is-stone-wool-this-eco-friendly-insulation-repels-fire-and-water
Thomas Hill, Mann Williams, Structures 2B
Pamela Buxton, Metric Handbook: Planning and Design Data
Software / Online Resources Used:
Climate Consultant 6.0 London/Gatwick, GBR
OPAQUE 3.0
Daylight Autonomy histogram, https://drajmarsh.bitbucket.io/daylightbox.html
https://drajmarsh.bitbucket.io/shadingbox.html
Digimap
Detail Inspiration
BRE Green Guide
Blue Book
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