Uganda Presentation

In Search of Clean Water in Uganda Building Solutions through Community-Based Planning Multi-Disciplinary Venture through the Colleges of Regional & City Planning, Architecture, Engineering, Business, & Education Image Source: Christopher LĂŞ

Background: Joseph Kony and the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) ✤

The LRA was created in 1987 to overthrow the Ugandan government

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Serves as a personality cult around it’s leader, Joseph Kony

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Kony & the LRA murdered, tortured, raped, and abducted children

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The children were forced into to perform the same atrocities

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The women became “wives” of the soldiers, sex slaves held in captivity, forced to bore children Image Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/lra-kidnapping_us_56955c35e4b05b3245dab29b?utm_hp_ref=joseph-kony

Background: Night Commuters

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Estimated 30,000-40,000 children abducted through 2005

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Children lived in fear of abduction

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Most abductions from rural villages

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“Night Commuters” would walk miles into urban areas to seek refuge

Image Source: http://viiphoto.com/articles/africas-forgotten-conflict/

Timeline Lord’s Resistance Army

Challenges Life in Uganda after IDP Camp Closures ✤

Breakdown of Family Structure

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Collapse of Cultural Values

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Increase in Drug & Alcohol Use

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Increase in Domestic Violence

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Increase in Communicable Diseases

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Idle Lifestyle in IDP Camps lead to idleness / laziness

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Culture of Dependency created in IDP Camps Image Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/warchildcanada/2298530292

Sister Rosemary Nyirumbe She has given hope to more 2,000 young women, many of whom were horribly affected as soldiers in Kony’s army.

St. Monica’s provides a safe harbor for the former abductees, who are shunned by the people of their own villages.

She offers support through job training in tailoring, catering and other skills.

Currently, approximately 250 girls and 250 children live at St. Monica’s.

Image Source: https://timedotcom.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/sister-rosemary-nyirumbe-time-100-feat.jpg?quality=85&w=1100

Professors, Students pose with Sister Rosemary Nyirumbe June 13, 2016 Image Source: Christopher LĂŞ

Objectives Collaborative Learning Project ✤

Immersive cross-cultural, professional contexts and experiences

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Data collection regarding local water- use issues

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Developing water plans for St Monica’s campuses at Gulu and Atiak

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Interdisciplinary team collaboration with local community involvement

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Analysis of St Monica’s café operations with a best practices report

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Development of educational opportunities and adult education outreach Image Source: Christopher Lê

Goals Collaborative Learning Project

In collaboration with the communities of Gulu, Atiak, and Adjumani, in the highlighted region of Northern Uganda.

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Conduct water analysis in Northern Uganda

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Better understand local water systems

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Find opportunities to improve quality of life

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Understand water systems through cultural context in Northern Uganda

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Use Community-Based Research to empower local communities

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Analyze water demand for St Monica’s sites

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Establish long-term relationships

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Establish evolving collaborative learning projects

Image Source: Christopher Lê

Method of Research Interviews / Tours / Concept Mapping / Calculations Women of Atiak discussing Water Issues Image Source: Christopher LĂŞ

Community-Based Planning Research ✤

Conducted 16 Group Interviews

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16 Villages and Communities in 3 Areas: ✤

Atiak / Gulu / Adjumani

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600 participants

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Identified issues

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Calculate & Measure based on data, norms, and assumptions

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Recommend Options

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Present Findings Image Source: Christopher Lê

Our Process & Findings Concept Diagramming / Problem Assertion / Findings Report

Image Source: Christopher LĂŞ

Concept Diagramming Process to organize large amounts of data collected from multiple groups at different times

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Organizing information heard in interviews

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Team members write a phrase or key concept heard

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Aligning phrases and words in a diagram that explains the particular situation (in this case, water issues)

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Graphic representation of interviews

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Presented back to community to ensure clarity and accuracy

Concept Map: Adjumani

Concept Map: Atiak

Concept Map: Rural Gulu

Concept Map: Urban Gulu

Water Challenges ✤

Too Few Sources

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Distances to Travel is too long

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Long Wait Times (sometimes over an hour)

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Overuse and Maintenance Issues

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Seasonal Variable Water Tables

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Issues lead to Conflicts

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Contaminated Water lead to Health Issues Image Source: Jane Wyrick

Measurements & Analysis Data Collection on Water Demand / Rainwater Harvesting / Toilet Analysis

Image Source: Christopher LĂŞ

Water Demand Analysis

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Identify water use and user groups

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Calculate future water demand

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Provide recommendations for conservation efforts

Image Source: Christopher Lê

Rainwater Harvesting ✤

Investigate opportunities to lessen demand on water supply

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Calculate rooftop rainwater collection capacity

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Assume historic averages for monthly rainfall

Image Source: Christopher Lê

Toilet Facilities Analysis ✤

Understand importance of toilets in day-to-day lives

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Tabulation of types of facilities, accessible by differing user groups

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Calculate toilet-to-person ratios ✤ WHO Baseline 1:20 Adults ✤ WHO Baseline 1:40 Children

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Recommend future toilet facilities, quantity, layout

Image Source: Christopher Lê

Design Options for Exploration Using the Interviews, Analyses, & Diagramming to Create Design Options

Image Source: Christopher LĂŞ

Option One Use Existing Expansion Plan + Recommending Renovation of Existing Adjacent Toilet Block Potential Cost Savings by using 1 construction crew to do both / Minimum number of toilet facilities Image Source: Christopher LĂŞ

Option Two Build Two Toilet Blocks to Meet Demand / Add Adjacent Composting Area for Gardening Meets Toilet Quantity Requirements / Takes Advantage of Location Near Existing Gardens for Composting Image Source: Christopher LĂŞ

Option Three Re-Assignment of Existing Spaces / Easily Tie-In to Existing Sewer Line Re-Allocation of Toilets to Students / Build New Staff Toilets / Minimal Cost Image Source: Christopher Lê

1. Gravity will help feed the collection of rainwater tanks.

2. Multiple small rainwater storage tanks lessen the dependency on a few, large tanks. If one spoils, the impact is lessened and rainwater can still be collected.

3. Gravity will help flush the toilets/feed the sinks, eliminating the need for a pump A valve can be used for external access and non-potable use.

4. The height prevents people from tampering with or playing on them, which can cause accidental damage.

5. The areas where large tanks would go, are now cleared and can be reclaimed for pathways or courtyards.

6. No pump means a simple manual valve can be implemented in order to switch over to the traditional water supply system, as needed.

New Design For Rainwater Collection Small Cisterns / Retrofittable/ Minimal Maintenance / Minimize Dependency on Water Loss of Cistern ≠Loss of System / No Large Cistern / Uses Gravity for Use Image Source: Christopher Lê

Image Source: Christopher Lê

Image Source: Christopher Lê

Image Source: Christopher Lê