Major Design_Practise Research Report 2024

MALA 705 Major Design Advanced Landscape Architecture

Practice Research Report

MALA 705 Major Design Advanced Landscape Architecture

Christin Rajan Leeds Beckett University

Table of Content

1. Introduction 1.1 Project intent ……...………….…………………….…………………………………….1 1.2 Site Introduction …..………….…………………….…………………………………….1 1.3 Location ….…………...….....…………………………………………………………….2 1.4 History ….……………...……….…………………………………………………………3 2. Background Research 2.1 Liverpool City Council’s Vision .………………….…………………………………….5 2.2 State of health in Liverpool 2040 – Health Dept. of City Council ..………………….6 2.3 The Liverpool Local Plan 2013–2033 ………………………………………………….7 2.4 Green Spaces and Public Health ………………………………………………………8 2.5 Blue Spaces and Public Health …………………………………………………………9 3. Site Analysis 3.1 Site Character ..….…………….………………….…………………………………….10 3.2 Site Connectivity ……………………………………………………..………………….13 3.3 Heritage & Designated Areas………..………………………………………………….14 3.4 Green Spaces …………………..………………………………………………………15 3.5 Deprivation Map .……………..…………………………………………………………16 3.6 Flood Risk ……..……………..…………………………………………………………17 3.7 Soil Character ………………..…………………………………………………………18 3.8 Existing Habitats ……………..…………………………………………………………20 3.9 Topography …….……………..…………………………………………………………21 3.10 Landuse ……….……………..…………………………………………………………22 3.11 Building-Use …..……………..…………………………………………………………23 3.12 Wildlife ………………………..…………………………………………………………24 3.13 SWOC Analysis ……………..…………………………………………………………26 4. Case Studies 4.1 Hangzhou Riverfront Public Space, China …….…………………………………….28 4.2 Shenzhen Shenwan Street Park, China ..………………………..………………….30 4.3 Ecodistrict laMercedes, Barcelona, Spain .………………………………………….32 4.4 Conclusion ….…………………..………………………………………………………34 4.5 Design Takeaways .…………..…………………………………………………………35 5. Concept Development

5.1 Design Brief ………………………………….…….…………………………………….36 5.2 Concept ……………………………………..………………………..………………….37 5.3 Concept Development – Schwarzplan …….………………………………………….38 5.4 Planting Inspiration ….…………………….……………………………………………39 5.5 Zoning .…………..………………………………………………………………………40 5.6 Vision Sketches .…………..……………….……………………………………………41 6. References …….…………………………………………………..………………….44

1.0 Site Overview: 1.1 Project Intent

1.2 Site Introduction

The primary aim of this project is to create a vibrant, inclusive, and environmentally sustainable waterfront district in Liverpool through innovative landscape architecture design. The project focuses on transforming the area from Collingwood Dock to M&S Bank Arena, with an emphasis on the following key objectives:

The project site encompasses a significant portion of Liverpool's iconic waterfront, stretching from Collingwood Dock in the north to the M&S Bank Arena in the south. This area has a rich maritime history, having transformed from the world's first commercial wet dock to a blend of historic landmarks and modern developments.

1. Enhance Public Access and Wellbeing: Increase green space availability and design accessible pathways to encourage walking, cycling, and community interaction.

2. Promote Ecological Restoration: Implement a plan for restoring native vegetation and habitats to increase biodiversity and improve water quality through sustainable stormwater management practices.

3. Foster Vibrancy and Inclusivity: Develop diverse community spaces catering to different needs and age groups, incorporating universal design principles to ensure accessibility for all.

4. Showcase Sustainability: Design a sustainable visitor center utilizing ecofriendly materials and technologies, promoting educational programs about environmental sustainability and the waterfront ecosystem.

The site is situated in an area considered to be among the most deprived in the region, presenting both challenges and opportunities for urban regeneration. It is well-connected by rail, with Sandhills railway station being the nearest to the northern part of the site.

The current landscape is dominated by hardscaping, with minimal green spaces and a notable lack of trees. The riverfront largely functions as a temporary parking lot, offering limited opportunities for public interaction with the River Mersey. The area is surrounded by a mix of residential areas, business parks, and retail zones, highlighting its potential to become a central hub for community life and economic activity.

This project aims to transform this underutilized waterfront into a thriving, green corridor that enhances public health, promotes biodiversity, and creates a sustainable urban environment for Liverpool's residents and visitors.

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1.3 Location - Liverpool’s Riverside

Collingwood Dock

Museum of Liverpool M&S Bank Arena

Festival Gardens

Liverpool District Liverpool

Studying the river and it’s surrounding and proposing the development.

• This project proposes a healthy development plan for the Liverpool waterfront, from Collingwood Dock to M&S Bank Arena, through landscape design and community engagement.

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1.4 History

1901 Tobacco Warehouse construction

1988

• Built at Stanley Dock • World's largest brick warehouse upon completion

1960s Liverpool's docks thrive • North Docks, including Bramley Moore, handle significant cargo

1911

Bramley Moore Dock opens

Completion of the "Three Graces“ Royal Liver Building

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• Named after John Bramley-Moore, chairman of the dock committee • Part of the North Docks expansion

• Redeveloped as a cultural and leisure destination

1981

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1848

Albert Dock reopens

Albert Dock closes

• Cunard Building • Port of Liverpool Building • Become iconic symbols of Liverpool's waterfront

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1.4 History

2004 Liverpool Waterfront becomes UNESCO World Heritage Site • Includes the Three Graces and Albert Dock

2012

2011 Museum of Liverpool opens

Liverpool Waters project progresses

2022

Everton FC stadium construction starts at Bramley Moore Dock

Present: Ongoing developments

• Part of wider North Docks regeneration

• Continued work on Everton stadium • Further regeneration of North Docks and Tobacco Warehouse areas • Efforts to balance modernization with historical preservation

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• Large-scale regeneration plan for North Docks area

2021

Liverpool loses UNESCO World Heritage status • Due to concerns over waterfront developments

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• Plans to convert into apartments and mixed-use spaces

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• Located between Albert Dock and the Three Graces • Focuses on the city's social, historical, and cultural development

Stanley Dock Tobacco Warehouse restoration begins

2015

Liverpool's riverfront has transformed from the world's first commercial wet dock to a blend of historic landmarks and modern developments. This iconic waterfront continues to evolve, balancing its rich maritime heritage with contemporary urban renewal.

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2.0 Background Research: 2.1 Liverpool looking to define next chapter for its World-famous waterfront

L

iverpool’s world-famous waterfront is to be the subject of an ambitious new masterplan to ensure its continued growth as a global destination and major economic engine.

A report to Liverpool City Council’s Cabinet next Tuesday (September 19th) is seeking approval to launch the search for a team of planning and placemaking specialists, to prepare a strategy and masterplan that will guide the waterfront’s development for the next 10-15 years. https://liverpoolexpress.co.uk/liverpool-looking-to-define-next-chapter-for-its-world-famouswaterfront/

Liverpool City Council is currently in the process of developing a new masterplan for the waterfront.

• Maximize the economic potential of the waterfront, from Festival Gardens in the south to Bramley-Moore Dock in the north.

• Create a series of vibrant and inclusive waterfront districts that benefit residents, workers, and visitors.

• Develop opportunities for businesses, startups, and entrepreneurs.

• Enhance the attractiveness of the waterfront to attract national and international investors.

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2.2 State of health in Liverpool 2040 Challenges: • Many areas lack affordable, healthy food options and accessible green spaces for physical activity and nature connection.

• Air pollution exceeds legal limits, contributing to respiratory illnesses and deterring outdoor activities.

• High rates of child poverty and economic disparities significantly impact health outcomes.

Council's Vision:

https://liverpool.gov.uk/media/y 45lmvvm/health-in-liverpool2040.pdf

• Report predicts a one-year decline in life expectancy for women and a decrease in healthy life expectancy by four years for both men and women by 2040.

• A significant rise in the number of people with multiple long-term conditions like high blood pressure, cancer, diabetes, asthma, and chronic kidney disease is predicted.

• The report projects a doubling of adults experiencing depression by 2040.

• Obesity and mental health are highlighted as key concerns for children and young people.

• Increase life expectancy and healthy life expectancy.

• Reduce health inequalities and ensure equitable access to healthcare.

• Promote healthy lifestyles and preventative measures.

• Create a more sustainable and greener city.

How this project can contribute: • Parks and community spaces: Provide opportunities for physical activity, social interaction, and stress reduction, contributing to mental and physical well-being.

• Access to healthy food: Integrate features like community gardens or farmers markets to improve access to nutritious options.

• Green spaces: Designate areas for nature connection and recreation, promoting mental health and physical activity.

• Accessibility: Ensure inclusive design features cater to diverse needs and abilities, encouraging participation from all residents.

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2.3 The Liverpool Local Plan 2013–2033 The Liverpool local plan does address some aspects relevant to waterfront development, including: • Public Realm: The plan emphasizes the importance of creating high-quality public spaces. This could include waterfront areas.

• Green Infrastructure: The plan prioritizes increased access to quality open spaces. This could be achieved through waterfront development incorporating green spaces.

• Sustainable Development: The overarching principle of the plan is sustainable development. This means the design should consider using eco-friendly materials, promoting energy efficiency, and potentially incorporating renewable energy sources. https://liverpool.gov.uk/planning-and-buildingcontrol/plan-making-in-liverpool/the-liverpoollocal-plan-2013-2033/

The Local Plan provides a long-term spatial vision, strategic priorities and policies for future development in the city over the next 15 to 20 years, specifically with regard to the quantity and location of new homes, employment provision, shops, facilities and other services, transport and other infrastructure provision, climate change mitigation and adaption and the conservation and enhancement of the natural and historic environment.

• Healthy Communities: The plan aims to create vibrant, mixed, healthy, inclusive communities. This suggests the waterfront development should encourage social interaction and cater to people of all ages and abilities.

• Connectivity and Active Travel: The plan emphasizes enhanced connectivity and supporting healthier lifestyle choices. This indicates creating pedestrian and cycling paths along the waterfront to encourage walking, cycling, and overall physical activity.

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2.4 Green Spaces and Public Health This background research focuses on how green spaces impact the public health of people living in urban areas, drawing insights from two key studies: "Beyond greenspace: An ecological study of population general health and indicators of natural environment type and quality" (Wheeler et al., 2015) and "Does urban green space justly improve public health and well-being? A case study of Tianjin, a megacity in China" (Yang et al., 2020).

Introduction: Urban green spaces are fundamental to the vision of a healthy, thriving Liverpool waterfront. As we reimagine the Mersey's edge, research from the UK and China offers compelling evidence for integrating diverse, highquality green areas into our design. These spaces are not just aesthetic features, but powerful tools for enhancing public health and well-being in our city.

Key points: 1. Varied natural environments positively affect general health • Different types of green spaces contribute to better health outcomes • Quality of green spaces matters as much as quantity 2. Urban green spaces improve public health and well-being • Physical health benefits: increased physical activity, reduced obesity • Mental health benefits: stress reduction, improved mood 3. Equitable access to green spaces is crucial for community health • Proper distribution ensures all residents can benefit • Green space quality affects usage and health outcomes

In conclusion, these studies provide strong evidence that urban green spaces significantly contribute to public health. They demonstrate that diverse, high-quality green areas in cities can improve both physical and mental well-being. This research underscores the importance of integrating well-designed green spaces into urban environments, supporting the rationale for incorporating substantial green areas in the Liverpool waterfront project to promote community health and vitality.

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2.5 Blue Spaces and Public Health This research examines the impact of blue spaces on urban public health, drawing from two key studies: "The importance of nature in mediating social and psychological benefits associated with visits to freshwater blue space" (de Bell et al., 2017) and "Does urban green space justly improve public health and well-being? A case study of Tianjin, a megacity in China" (Yang et al., 2020).

Introduction: The Mersey River is more than a geographical boundary; it's a vital blue space with immense potential to boost public health. As we develop our waterfront design, studies highlight the unique benefits of aquatic environments in urban settings. By thoughtfully integrating blue spaces, our project can create a waterfront that not only connects Liverpool to its river but also promotes the well-being of its residents and visitors.

Key points: 1. Freshwater blue spaces offer unique health benefits • Rivers, canals, and lakes contribute to urban well-being • Proximity to blue spaces associated with better mental health 2. Social and psychological benefits of blue spaces • Increased social interaction and community cohesion • Enhanced mood and reduced stress levels 3. Blue spaces complement green spaces in urban environments • Combined effects of green and blue spaces maximize health benefits • Waterfront development opportunities for health-focused urban planning In conclusion, these studies highlight the unique and valuable contributions of blue spaces to urban public health. They demonstrate that access to water bodies like rivers and canals can enhance mental well-being, promote social interaction, and complement the benefits of green spaces. This research supports the integration of blue space elements in the Liverpool waterfront project, emphasizing the potential of the River Mersey to significantly improve public health and create a more vibrant urban environment.

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3.0 Site Analysis: 3.1 Site Character

Freeport Engineering

Euroclutch

Dan’s Tyres

Warbreck Engineering & Construction

• The sketch depicts the site's industrial character, dominated by warehouses near Collingwood Dock. Currently, the open space functions as a temporary parking lot, lacking greenery and trees.

• The lack of trees and green space highlights an aspect to consider for future development promoting health and well-being.

Temporary Parking space

Warehouses near Collingwood Dock 10

3.1 Site Character

Liverpool Museum

Costco Parking Area

Tobacco Warehouse

Festival Gardens

• The site character of this area on the north side is dominated by hardscaping, with a substantial portion dedicated to parking spaces and paved surfaces. Even iconic heritage sites like the Liverpool Museum appear to be surrounded by expansive hardscaped areas, with minimal softscaping or green spaces present.

• The Tobacco Warehouse, a historical building, is also nestled amidst a hardscaped environment, with roads and parking facilities encircling it.

• While the Festival Gardens area offers a glimpse of greenery and a pedestrian pathway, the overall impression is that of a landscape heavily dominated by impervious surfaces, infrastructure, and vehicular access.

• This site character highlights the potential for introducing more softscaping elements, such as landscaping, vegetation, and green infrastructure, to create a more balanced and visually appealing environment. Incorporating these elements could not only enhance the aesthetic appeal but also contribute to improving the area's sustainability, reducing urban heat island effects, and providing spaces for pedestrians and recreational activities.

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3.1 Site Character

Warehouses

Limited Greenspaces

Warehouses

Highrise Buildings

• This images captures the current character of the Collingwood Docks site. The dominant feature is the lack of green space along the waterfront. A vast expanse of paved surface serves as a temporary parking lot, offering limited opportunities for public interaction with the river. The images reveals a collection of high-rise buildings, hinting at the urban context surrounding the site. The overall impression is one of industrial functionality, lacking the vibrancy and ecological elements often associated with a healthy waterfront.

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3.2 Site Connectivity Sandhills railway station is the nearest to the site, with three other stations nearby. The area is wellserved by motorways and cycle paths, though the current cycle route diverts from the riverside.

The proposed design aims to extend the cycle track along the water's edge, enhancing the area's appeal and improving the cycling experience. This riverside path would offer a more scenic route, beautifying the area while providing a user-friendly journey for cyclists.

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Legend

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Railway 1 Liverpool Lime Street 1 Liverpool Central 1 James Street 1 Sandhills

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2

3 3

8

2

9

Motorway Cycling Lane

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11 10

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3.3 Heritage & designated areas These designated areas as stated in the legend contribute to the site's historical backdrop and impose development restrictions to preserve the heritage character. These areas act as prime landmarks to locate and know about the site.

Notably, Liverpool lost its UNESCO World Heritage status, primarily due to concerns that modern development projects were compromising the historical integrity of the city's iconic dock areas.

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Legend 1. Stanley Dock 2. Castle Street 3. Albert Dock 4. William Brown Street 5. Shaw Street 6. Kensington Fields 7. Edge Hill 8. Mount Pleasant 9. Duke Street 10. Rodney Street 11. Canning Street 12. Princes Road

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7 2 8 3

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11 10

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3.4 Green spaces

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The site and Merseyside riverfront lack nearby green spaces, with the urban landscape dominated by built environments. The only notable green area is the Festival Gardens, located farther south.

These gardens offer the sole substantial glimpse of nature in the vicinity, standing out as a distant green oasis in the largely developed riverfront.

Hence, the design proposed includes the incorporation of natural areas and recreational spaces amidst the built environment so as to increase the ratio of green to built spaces, providing residents and visitors with accessible areas for recreation, relaxation, and connection with nature.

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Legend 1. Museum of Liverpool 2. Great George Square 3. St James Mount and The Gardens 4. St John’s Gardens 5. Rupert Lane Recreation Ground 6. Everton Nature Garden 7. Vaux Hall 8. Canalside Park 9. William Collins Playing Fields 10. Stanley Park & Garden

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2 3

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3.5 Deprivation Data Most deprived decile 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th Least deprived decile

Collingwood Dock

Museum of Liverpool

M&S Bank Arena

Festival Gardens

The chosen site is regarded as to being close to a most deprived one.

Source: (CRDC) 16

3.6 Flood Risk The site falls likely near to the high-risk zones but not so close to the river.

Site

Museum of Liverpool

M&S Bank Arena

Legend High Medium Low Very Low Source: (Digimap) 17

3.7 Soil Character

Site

Museum of Liverpool

Legend Lightest Soils Medium to Light Soils Medium Soils

M&S Bank Arena

Medium Soils Heaviest Soils Mixed or Organic Soils NA Source: (Digimap) 18

3.7 Soil Character

Site

Museum of Liverpool

Legend

M&S Bank Arena

Clay > Loam Loam Clay > Clayey Loam Sand > Sandy Loam Source: (Digimap) 19

3.8 Existing Habitats The site's varied environment offers a unique chance for ecological integration. By incorporating existing habitats, such as improved grasslands and freshwater habitats, the design creates a resilient and biodiverse environment that connects urban life with nature. This approach enhances ecosystem services and user experience, supporting both aquatic and terrestrial species, and potentially creating green corridors that benefit local biodiversity.

Site

Museum of Liverpool

Legend Broadland Woodland Neutral Grasslands Literal Sediment Suburban Urban

M&S Bank Arena

Improved Grasslands Freshwater Source: (Digimap) 20

3.9 Topography

Site

Legend 76m

49m

73m

46m

70m

44m

67m

41m

64m

38m

61m

35m

58m

32m

55m

30m

Museum of Liverpool

M&S Bank Arena

52m Source: (Leeds topographic map) 21

3.10 Land Use The site falls under Agricultural – Mixed use zone majorly, surrounded by residential areas, business and retail parks. The proximity to residential areas can foster a sense of community and encourage pedestrian-friendly design while the adjacent business and retail parks can provide opportunities to enhance the site's economic vitality.

Site

Legend Inland Water Agriculture – Mainly Crops Agriculture – Mixed Use Farms Deciduous Woodland Coniferous Woodland

Principle Transport Recreational Land Large Complex Buildings

Museum of Liverpool

Low Density Residential Medium Density Residential High Density Residential Urban Centres Industrial Areas

M&S Bank Arena

Business Parks Retail Parks Source: (Digimap) 22

3.11 Buildings Use The site's proximity to residential, commercial, and public squares makes it a valuable spot.

The designed park and activity zones offer a tranquil retreat, improve air quality, and attract foot traffic, benefiting nearby businesses and fostering community engagement. This creates a thriving hub that supports well-being, boosts the local economy, and enhances community life.

Site

Legend Commercial Commercial Derelict Educational Emergency Services Industrial Institutional Accommodation Office Office w Retail on Ground Floor Recreation

Religious Residential Residential (With Retail Below)

Museum of Liverpool

Retail Retail (Petrol Station) Retail (Vacant) Retail Retail (Office/Residential Above)

M&S Bank Arena

Transport Utilities Source: (Digimap) 23

3.12 Wildlife

Peregrine falcons

Harbor porpoises

Cormorants

Common terns

Gulls

Sea bass

Redshanks

Atlantic salmon

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3.12 Wildlife

Cockles

Mussels

Bat

Common Frog

Salt Marsh

Common Toad

Reed Beds

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3.13 SWOC Analysis Strengths Strategic Location: The project site spans a significant portion of Liverpool's iconic waterfront, from Collingwood Dock to M&S Bank Arena, offering prime real estate for development.

Rich Heritage: The area's maritime history and iconic structures like the Tobacco Warehouse provide a unique character and cultural significance.

Existing Infrastructure: Proximity to key transport links, including Sandhills railway station and cycle paths, provides good connectivity.

Cultural Assets: The presence of the Museum of Liverpool within the project area adds cultural value and attracts visitors.

Waterfront Setting: Direct access to the River Mersey offers scenic views and potential for water-based activities.

Opportunities

Weaknesses Current Underutilization: Large areas are currently used as temporary parking lots, not maximizing the potential of the waterfront.

Lack of Green Spaces: The site is dominated by hardscaping with minimal green areas, limiting environmental and recreational benefits.

Deprivation: The area is considered among the most deprived in the region, potentially affecting investment and development.

Limited Biodiversity: Current lack of diverse habitats and green spaces has resulted in limited wildlife and ecological value.

Flood Risk: Proximity to the river puts parts of the site at high risk of flooding, requiring careful planning and mitigation strategies.

Challenges

Urban Regeneration: Potential to transform an underutilized area into a vibrant, mixed-use district that enhances quality of life.

Balancing Development and Heritage: Need to carefully integrate new developments with the area's historic character and structures.

Green Infrastructure: Opportunity to significantly increase green spaces, improving public health, biodiversity, and climate resilience.

Environmental Concerns: Managing potential impacts on the River Mersey ecosystem and addressing flood risks.

Community Engagement: Potential to create inclusive public spaces that foster community interaction and social cohesion.

Funding and Investment: Securing adequate funding for a large-scale, long-term development project in a deprived area.

Economic Development: Possibility to attract new businesses, boost tourism, and create jobs through the development of the waterfront.

Stakeholder Management: Balancing the diverse interests of local residents, businesses, environmental groups, and governmental bodies.

Sustainable Design: Opportunity to showcase innovative, eco-friendly design solutions and promote environmental education.

Phasing and Implementation: Managing a complex, multi-phase development while minimizing disruption to existing activities and residents.

Active Transportation: Potential to extend cycling routes along the waterfront, encouraging sustainable mobility.

Climate Resilience: Designing for long-term sustainability in the face of climate change and rising sea levels.

Heritage Preservation: Chance to restore and repurpose historic structures, maintaining the area's unique character.

Accessibility: Ensuring the new development is fully accessible and inclusive, catering to diverse needs and abilities.

Long-term Maintenance: Planning for the ongoing maintenance and management of new green spaces and public facilities.

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3.13 SWOC Analysis

Nearest Train Station

Parking Spaces Lack of Green spaces Cycling Green Routes Infrastructure

Environmental Concerns

Rich Heritage

Riverfront

Strengths Weaknesses

High Flood Risk Public Spaces

Opportunities Long-term Maintenance

Challenges

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4.0 Case study 1: 4.1 Hangzhou Riverfront Public Space, China Hangzhou Riverside Public Space is a 12-kilometer riverside development project that transforms the city's waterfront into a vibrant, pedestrian-friendly space. This project includes various facilities such as parks, squares, walking paths and bicycle paths. The rainwater management system of the city has also been improved and the vegetation along the rivers has been restored. The project had a great impact on the social and economic life of the city and attracted both local residents and tourists.

Archdaily (2023)

RECREATION Boating, cycling, walking, jogging, picnicking, rollerblading, tai chi, birdwatching, kite flying LEISURE Open-air cafes and restaurants, public art installations, cultural performances, children's play areas, fitness equipment EVENTS Dragon boat races, outdoor concerts, festivals, markets

Skate park (Global Design News, 2023)

Source: Zhang, Y, 2023 , Archdaily

Floating blue path (Global Design News, 2023) 28

Asian Games micro hill

Sports interaction

Olympic sports center

Sun Lawn

Kinetic sculpture

Outdoor concert

Skate Park

Pier Source: Zhang, Y, 2023 , Archdaily

Wetland Park

Children’s playground

Recreation and leisure: Various parks, squares and walking paths along the river provide ample opportunities for recreation and leisure activities. The park is popular with families, runners and cyclists.

Social and economic effects: Riverbanks have a significant impact on the social and economic life of cities. It attracted new businesses and residents and increased tourism.

Stormwater Management: This project improved the city's stormwater management system by creating new drainage channels and green infrastructure. This reduced flooding and improved water quality.

Continuous maintenance is required to maintain riparian areas in good condition. Overall, Hangzhou River Public Space is a success story. A vibrant, pedestrian-friendly waterfront was created that improved the social and economic life of the city.

Revival of vegetation: This project restored the vegetation along the river and has improved the aesthetics of the area and created a more attractive environment for people to enjoy.

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4.2 Shenzhen Shenwan Street Park, China Completed in 2019, Shenzhen Shenwan Street Park is a 1.16-hectare public space in the Shenzhen Bay Super Headquarters Base. It serves as an urban buffer, promoting ecology and community vitality. The park features diverse recreational facilities including a jogging track, skateboard ground, and pet area. Its central lawn, aqueduct waterscape, and natural zones offer various leisure activities, making it a popular spot for community gatherings and sports.Archdaily (2023)

RECREATION Cycling, walking, jogging, picnicking, skateboarding, pet zone LEISURE Central lawn, water features, natural leisure spots for community & sports EVENTS Small events

Top View(HAN Shuang, 2020 , Archdaily)

Source: HAN Shuang, 2020 , Archdaily

Skate park (HAN Shuang, 2020 , Archdaily) 30

First level filtering Rainfall

Cycle

Evaporation Rain garden

Windmill Runoff

Rain garden

Rainwater Collection

Underground pipes

Reservoir

Source: Shenzhen Shenwan Street Park / AUBE CONCEPTION" 12 May 2020. ArchDaily.

TOD-based public space solution: The park integrates diverse green spaces with pedestrian-friendly design and an efficient slow traffic system. Its metro station square combines multiple functions, enhancing accessibility and sustainable urban mobility.

Environmental aspects: A 283.5m³ rainwater storage tank and wind-powered rain park embody the sponge city concept. The wetland area aids in water sedimentation and purification, boosting the park's ecological functions.

Social and economic effects: The park fosters community engagement, attracts families, and provides a natural urban escape. It enhances the area's livability and potentially increases surrounding property values.

Shenzhen Shenwan Street Park enhances urban ecology and vitality, offering diverse recreation. It serves as a model for integrating environmental sustainability with community needs in high-density areas.

Unique design elements: Key features include an iconic windmill powering water circulation, an aqueduct waterscape with cascading falls, a 3,500 ㎡ central lawn, and a 320m permeable jogging track.

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4.3 Ecodistrict laMercedes, Barcelona, Spain Completed in 2012, Ecodistrict LaMercedes is a revitalization project in Barcelona, transforming a former Mercedes-Benz factory into a vibrant hub. The 9-hectare site blends residential and commercial spaces, focusing on innovation and industry 4.0.

Historic buildings are preserved, incorporating sustainable features. The project aim included to create a new social hub, boosting the local economy and community.

This urban regeneration made the area a dynamic and thriving urban center.

RECREATION Walking, picnicking LEISURE Open-air cafes and restaurants, cultural performances, children's play areas, amphitheater EVENTS Outdoor events, festivals, markets

Source: Damian Holmes, 2024

Source: Damian Holmes, 2024

Source: Damian Holmes, 2024 32

Key Features and Impact • Urban Integration: The project completes the urban grid, connecting previously isolated areas through new eastwest and north-south axes. It creates a new centrality that unifies diverse urban and social fabrics, enhancing connectivity in the broader neighborhood.

TERRACE

• Heritage and Innovation:

AUDITORIUM

MULTIPURPOSE SPACE

LaMercedes preserves key industrial buildings, repurposing them for cultural and educational facilities. The central building will become a public plaza housing a clean energy production center, blending heritage preservation with future-oriented design.

• Mixed-Use Development: The project combines housing (40% affordable), economic activities, services, local commerce, and facilities. This mix promotes synergies between innovation centers, residential areas, and public spaces, creating a vibrant, self-sufficient neighborhood.

• Environmental Design: The ecodistrict is designed to combat climate change, with green infrastructure that can reduce local temperatures by up to 3°C. It prioritizes permeable surfaces, biodiversity, and pedestrian spaces over vehicular traffic.

• Mobility and Accessibility: An innovative underground traffic system keeps the surface level vehicle-free, creating a peaceful, pedestrianized environment. This design promotes safe, accessible routes and integrates with the broader urban network.

• Social Impact: The project aims to build an inclusive urban environment that facilitates daily life and promotes social exchange. It introduces new housing models with flexible, versatile designs and communal spaces to encourage community interaction.

Overall, Ecodistrict laMercedes exemplifies sustainable urban regeneration, balancing economic revitalization, social inclusion, and environmental responsibility in a high-quality urban setting.

Source: Damian Holmes, 2024

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4.4 Conclusion The three case studies all share common goals, including creating sustainable public spaces, providing opportunities for recreation and leisure, implementing innovative environmental management systems, integrating green infrastructure, and enhancing the social and economic impact of their respective areas. However, there are also key differences between the projects.

1. Hangzhou Riverfront Public Space, China

Accessibility & visibility

Water connections

Accessibility & visibility

Design quality

Facilities

Physical activities

2. Shenzhen Shenwan Street Park, China

Health & Well-being

The Hangzhou Riverfront Public Space is a 12kilometer linear development along the river. It features parks, squares, and paths, with improved rainwater management and restored vegetation. The project has significantly impacted the city's social and economic life, attracting both locals and tourists.

Physical activities

Accessibility & visibility

Design quality

Facilities

Water connections

3. Ecodistrict laMercedes, Barcelona, Spain

Health & Well-being

Shenzhen Shenwan Street Park is a 1.16hectare urban park on a former industrial site. It includes innovative features like a wind-powered rain park and sponge city water management. With a central lawn, jogging tracks, and water features, it offers a natural escape in a dense urban setting.

Physical activities

Design quality

Facilities

Water connections

Health & Well-being

Ecodistrict laMercedes in Barcelona is a 9-hectare mixed-use development transforming a former Mercedes-Benz factory preserving industrial heritage while introducing sustainable urban design. Residential and economic spaces merge with innovation, pedestrian-friendly areas, and underground traffic, in this project.

These case studies demonstrate the creation of sustainable public spaces in urban areas, each with a unique approach. By incorporating diverse services, activities, and environmental strategies, they have revitalized their surroundings, enhanced urban ecology, and created vibrant spaces attractive to both locals and visitors. They exemplify how urban design can integrate sustainability with community needs in high-density areas.

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4.5 Design Takeaways Based on my understanding from the above three case studies, the following are the design takeaways which would be implemented in my design.

Integrate diverse amenities to cater to diverse needs and interests:

Foster community engagement and inclusivity:

My design envisions a multifunctional urban space catering to diverse users through a combination of green areas, recreational facilities, and innovative features. This inclusive environment will reflect the city's spirit, foster community engagement, and celebrate the area's unique character.

The design will create an inclusive and vibrant community hub through dedicated spaces for events, gatherings, and cultural expression.

Inspired by Shenzhen's community focus and Barcelona's mixed-use approach, this strategy ensures the space becomes cherished by all, reflecting the city's character and fostering social connections.

Restore vegetation to enhance aesthetics and ecological value:

Design Takeaways

The design will prioritize strategic vegetation integration, inspired by Hangzhou's aesthetic success and Barcelona's focus on biodiversity.

Native plantings will enhance beauty, create inviting spaces, and promote air quality, ensuring a visually captivating and environmentally beneficial urban landscape.

Preserve and integrate heritage:

Recognize the long-term investment and maintenance requirements:.

Recognizing the substantial long-term benefits of riverfront spaces, my design prioritizes sustainable and cost-effective solutions. Inspired by the lasting success of these case studies, I will meticulously consider future maintenance needs during the design process. This ensures the longevity and vibrancy of the space, maximizing its return on investment for the city and community.

Drawing from Barcelona's approach to industrial heritage, the design will thoughtfully incorporate historical elements, adding depth and context to the modern urban landscape. This integration will celebrate the area's past while creating a forwardlooking environment.

By implementing these design takeaways, these spaces can serve as vibrant hubs for recreation, relaxation, and community engagement, while also contributing to the health and sustainability of the surrounding environment.

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5.0 Design Development 5.1 Design Brief

Where Mersey Meets Metropolis: A Vision for a Thriving Waterfront and a Healthy City Aim: • To create a vibrant, inclusive, and environmentally sustainable waterfront district in Liverpool through landscape architecture design that prioritizes parks, community spaces, ecological restoration, and a sustainable visitor center which will contribute to the creation of the healthy city.

Objectives: Enhance Public Access and Wellbeing • Increasing green space availability within the designated waterfront area to provide passive recreational opportunities for residents.

• Designing accessible pathways and gathering spaces to encourage walking, cycling, and community interaction within the waterfront district.

Foster Vibrancy and Inclusivity

• Developing a diverse range of community spaces within the waterfront district catering to different needs and age groups.

• The design will incorporate universal design principles, making the waterfront district accessible and welcoming for everyone.

Showcase Sustainability • By designing a sustainable visitor center utilizing eco-friendly materials and technologies.

• By promoting educational programs and interactive exhibits within the visitor center to raise awareness about environmental sustainability and the importance of the waterfront ecosystem.

Promote Ecological Restoration • By implementing a plan for restoring native vegetation and habitats within the waterfront area, increasing biodiversity.

• Integrating sustainable practices like rainwater harvesting and stormwater management within the design to improve water quality.

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5.2 Concept- Using Kevin Lynch’s five elements This concept diagram utilizes Kevin Lynch's five elements – nodes, landmarks, paths, edges, and districts – to illustrate a proposed transformation of the Collingwood Docks area. The current parking lot is envisioned as a potential node, a vibrant and active center within the waterfront district. The diagram strategically positions other key elements to encourage accessibility, interaction, and a strong sense of place.

Collingwood Dock

Museum of Liverpool M&S Bank Arena

Festival Gardens

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5.3 Concept Development – Schwarzplan Tobacco Warehouse

Figure 1 depicts the current built environment, while Figure 2 illustrates the resulting built form after the removal of selected warehouses and the Costco supermarket. This clearance aims to create space for a new development proposal, transforming the existing site layout.

Collingwood Dock

Museum of Liverpool

Fig 1

Fig 2 38

5.4 Planting Inspiration: Michael Van Valkenburgh

Brooklyn Bridge Park, New York City, USA

Teardrop Park, New York City, USA

Maggie Daley Park, Chicago, USA

This 85-acre post-industrial waterfront park showcases Van Valkenburgh's skill in creating diverse ecosystems. It's an excellent inspiration for its use of native plants, creation of varied habitats, and integration of sustainable stormwater management. The park features salt-tolerant species and creates a resilient landscape that supports biodiversity while offering recreational spaces.

This 1.8-acre park in Lower Manhattan is notable for its ecological approach in a dense urban setting. It's inspiring for its use of native plant communities that reflect New York's regional landscape. The park creates a naturalistic environment with a focus on children's play, demonstrating how to incorporate nature-based experiences in compact city spaces.

This 20-acre downtown Chicago park showcases innovative plant use, creating distinct "rooms" within the urban space. It combines native and adaptive species for year-round interest and ecological support. The park integrates seasonal plantings, vegetated climbing walls, and a play garden, blending recreation with diverse flora. Its successful balance of active areas and lush landscapes provides insights for combining recreational and ecological benefits in urban settings.

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5.5 Zoning

Parking

Public Square

Residential Blocks

Cycle Track

Riverfront park

Wetland Trails

Wetland

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5.6 Vision – Zone 1 Riverfront park Gathering Place

Native plants

Bird watching

Open landscape & Activity spaces (Courts, skate park, Dog park, etc.

Trails

Vegetation buffer along the edges

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Zone 2 Public square Reusing existing Green roofs warehouses Galleries & exhibition space

Flexible event space

Outside Seating

Food courts & Retail

Green roofs

Green pockets

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Zone 3 Residential blocks East- west orientation

Large openings on north side for diffused light

Greener streets

Mix of housing typologies

Courtyards

Green roofs

Green lungs

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& Depledge, M. H. (2015). Beyond greenspace: An ecological study of population

famous waterfront. Retrieved from https://liverpoolexpress.co.uk/liverpool-looking-

general health and indicators of natural environment type and quality. International

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5. Does urban green space justly improve public health and well-being? A case study

18. Lynch, K. (1960). The Image of the City. MIT Press.

19. Mostafavi, M., & Doherty, G. (Eds.). (2016). Ecological Urbanism. Lars Müller Publishers.

20. Project for Public Spaces. (2018). Placemaking: What if we built our cities around places? Retrieved from https://www.pps.org/article/what-is-placemaking 21. Sinnett, D., Smith, N., & Burgess, S. (Eds.). (2015). Handbook on Green

Infrastructure: Planning, Design and Implementation. Edward Elgar Publishing.

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22. Spirn, A. W. (2014). Ecological Urbanism: A Framework for the Design of Resilient

6. Archdaily. (2023). Hangzhou Riverfront Public Space.

Cities. In The Ecological Design and Planning Reader (pp. 557-571). Island Press.

7. Beatley, T. (2016). Handbook of Biophilic City Planning and Design. Island Press.

8. City of Liverpool. (n.d.). The Liverpool Local Plan 2013-2033. Retrieved from

23. UN-Habitat. (2015). Global Public Space Toolkit: From Global Principles to Local Policies

and

Practice.

Retrieved

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https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/2019/05/global_public_space_toolkit_from_g

liverpool-local-plan-2013-2033/

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14. Kuo, M. (2015). How might contact with nature promote human health? Promising mechanisms and a possible central pathway. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1093.

25. Yang, H., Chen, T., Zeng, Z., & Mi, F. (2020). Does urban green space justly improve public health and well-being? A case study of Tianjin, a megacity in China.

Journal of Environmental Management, 271, 111020.

26. Zhang, Y. (2023). [Images of Hangzhou Riverfront Public Space]. Archdaily.

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