The original question that spurred this work was whether small community water supply interventions in South Africa were beneficial to their recipients and to what extent? The purpose of the research was two-fold - to develop a methodology to measure impacts of small-community water supply service interventions. This report presents the method and the research to develop and apply it. The results showed that there were significant and seemingly beneficial function changes brought about by the water supply interventions – incrementally (from no service to rudimentary service to basic service) as well as direct intervention (no service to basic service). These did not appear to translate into any beneficial effects for the households in terms of the effect indicators used in this study.