Hdb Env Chem Vol. 5, Part S/2 (2008): 37–101 DOI 10.1007/698_5_093 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Published online: 6 November 2007
Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) as an Advanced Wastewater Treatment Technology Jelena Radjenovi´c1 (u) · Marin Matoˇsi´c2 · Ivan Mijatovi´c2 · Mira Petrovi´c1,3 · Damià Barceló1 1 Department
of Environmental Chemistry, IIQAB-CSIC, c/ Jordi Girona 18–26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain jrdqam@cid.csic.es 2 Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology (PBF), Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia 3 Institució
Catalana de Reserca i Estudis Avanzats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Membrane Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Types of Membrane Bioreactor Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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4 4.1 4.2 4.3
Hydraulics of Membrane Bioreactor General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membrane Fouling . . . . . . . . . Methods to Control Fouling . . . .
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45 45 47 52
5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4
Biological Performance of Membrane Bioreactor . . Microbiological Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nitrification/Denitrification and Phosphorus Removal Removal of Organic Matter and Suspended Solids . . Bacteria and Virus Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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54 54 58 62 65
6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4
Removal of Trace Organic Compounds by a Membrane Bioreactor Removal of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . Removal of Hormones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Removal of Surfactants and Their Degradation Products . . . . . . Removal of Sulfonated Organic Compounds, Pesticides, Musk Fragrances and Other Micropollutants . . . . . . .
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69 70 77 80
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Advantages and Drawbacks of MBR Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Application and Cost Analysis of a Membrane Bioreactor . . . . . . . . .
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References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Abstract The development and application of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) for fullscale municipal wastewater treatment is the most important recent technological advance in terms of biological wastewater treatment. The MBR is a suspended growth-activated sludge system that utilizes microporous membranes for solid/liquid separation instead of secondary clarifiers. It represents a decisive step forward concerning effluent quality by