Water concept paper

WATER RESOURCES PLAN

July 2014

Table of Contents PROJECT BACKGROUND

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PROPOSED PLAN

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PLANNED ACTIVITIES AND OUTPUTS

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INNOVATION

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MONITORING AND EVALUATION

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SUSTAINABILITY

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GENDER

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CAPACITY BUILDING

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Project Background

Current Community Challenges

This project initiative forms part of a proposed series of economic and social development initiatives for three rural communities located in Cape Sena, New Ireland Province (NIP), Papua New Guinea (PNG). The target communities lie south of Namatanai NIP and as with all rural communities, suffers economic and social disadvantage including great distances to markets in Namatanai (2 hours north) and Kavieng (NIP capital- 8 hours north). This region also suffers from lack of power and communication as well as no water supply infrastructure.

In the case of the target communities as in most rural NIP communities, their access to this resource is dependent on the occurrence of fresh water rivers and streams in their immediate village location. For example Sena village (Cape Sena) is characterised by a lack of nearby rivers and streams, forcing the community people to access fresh water from dug wells near the beaches and carrying this back to their homes for their drinking and cooking needs. They generally do their bathing and clothes washing at the beach using the fresh water from dug wells located near the beach. Community people will generally use the sea for their waste (human) or through dug pits (ablution). This presents risk of contamination of the ground water resource (basal aquifer) and as the ground flows come near contact at these points to the sea, the risk of saline contamination also exists.

Strategic Objectives

Strategic objective 1: This project proposal aims through ensuring adequate water resource protection through the water shed activities which aim to identify and implement protection measures including community training, as part of a water resource management plan output for the target communities. The project also aims to implement suitable water access and treatment technologies to

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provide safe and consistent fresh water supplies to the communities and options for investigation will include portable (mobile) WTP units or community built sand-filtration units.

Strategic objective 2: The second project component will focus on establishing commercial enterprise opportunities for the target communities in bulk water supplies for NIP (local) markets short term and other PICs (including PNG) regional markets longer term. This initiative provides these communities with economic benefits to alleviate current burdens, establishes an SME for the Fanamaket and provides skills training to manage and operate water enterprises.

Project aims

The social and economic constraints combine to present ongoing generational challenges to these communities and this project proposal will focus on addressing the water access burdens and economic disadvantages through two broad objectives:

1. Community water access: This project proposes to undertake initial feasibility studies (drilling, mapping programs) across the three village locations of the target communities, to establish suitable sites for water access infrastructure installations (GES-Mr. Simon Egara-see Attachments). The aim of this phase will be to alleviate the social burdens to the communities in travelling to access and carry water back to their villages for cooking, digging wells to access ground water sources, wash their clothes in areas of accessible ground water exit points, bath in available surface or ground water access points and lastly having to deposit human waste nearby these water access points.

Another key aspect to this objective will be to develop a water resource management plan for the target communities including identification and establishment of suitable water pumps and storage tanks for emergency/natural disaster events and thereby reduce risk of water access constraints in these circumstances. The plan will be to locate such infrastructure on higher grounds above the coastal village dwellings and to implement adequate emergency evacuation plans and links to establish food and other resources storages in these areas. A large part of this project component will be to identify all watershed areas above these villages and deliver protection and other management plans and activities to ensure water resources are protected from degradation and flow impediments.

2. Water enterprise development: This project also proposes to address the economic burdens to the target communities through establishing feasibility studies to creating commercial enterprise opportunities for their water resources. Options to explore supply of treated or untreated water (bulk water) to markets, will enable these communities to generate economic benefits and skills. NIP has an abundance of surface and ground water resources being classified as a high volcanic island and enjoys abundant water flows year round, providing the communities with commercial opportunities to sell some of this surplus through an established enterprise, undertake training and develop skills for water infrastructure maintenance and supply operations.

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Proposed Plan

Community water component: This project proposes to undertake the pre-feasibility phase into effective mapping and drilling programs across the target community locations including higher ground, to determine suitable site locations having regard to minimized water shed disruption, fresh water (basal) pollution risks from salinity and human waste, ease of water access benefits to these communities and adequate distribution and storage options. These project components will provide safe and consistent fresh water supplies to the target communities (Sena, Muliama, Wharangansau villages), ensure vital water shed protection measures delivered through the communities and provide for emergency water access facilities to these communities in times of natural disasters. NIP in particular is highly vulnerable to above normal seismic activities and the island is characterized by steep slopes and narrow coastal strips, exposing all rural communities to tsunami threats.

This data will inform a second phase infrastructure implementation component through adequate location sites for hand pumps to access ground water sources, installation of water storage tanks and effective toilets and wastewater treatment options. This project also proposes to alleviate current burdens to the communities and risks from water born diseases as well as salinity pollution.

Water enterprise development This component allows for the project to extract maximum benefits to the communities from all installed water infrastructure, training and alleviates economic burdens to the communities. The creation of an enterprise for the community to market and sell surplus fresh water resources provides these communities with localized and appropriate development options.

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Planned Activities and Outputs Strategic Objective 1: Improved Natural Resource and Water Resource Management Illustrative areas: Water management technologies

Planned activities: • Investigate options for costeffective sand-filtration WTP’s; • Install hand/solar pumping equipment; • Investigate mobile/modular powered WTP plants; • Install ablution and wastewater solutions

Fresh water access

• Conduct exploration (drilling/mapping) phase; • Develop fresh water RMP for target communities; • Implement water access infrastructure and • Deliver community training on WTP/wastewater operations • Create emergency water access and infrastructure for communities • Assess and map water catchment locations • Integrate protection measures in RMP • Deliver community awareness and training activities

Water catchment

Outputs: • Fresh water access installations across coastal and high ground locations; • Infrastructure implementation across all three target villages; • Community members trained in construction (sand filtration) and operation of WTP and wastewater management • 100% fresh water access success rates for three villages • Skills improvements to the communities for infrastructure construction and maintenance • Measured social benefits through reduced water access demands (time/effort) • Installed emergency water RMP (including training) and infrastructure • Detailed mapping on catchment areas • Protection activities delivered through community projects • Ongoing fresh water quality/flow rate monitoring

Strategic Objective 2: Livelihood Development and Income Diversification Illustrative areas: Livelihood development/ Income diversification

Planned activities: • Investigate commercial development for water enterprise markets • Assess market feasibility planning for water (bulk) supplies locally (NIP)

Outputs: • Business plan for water based enterprise • Training in water supply to communities

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Innovation

For this specific project concept there will be scope to implement innovative benefits to the water access technologies in this project including tailored solutions to align access and WTP infrastructure solutions. For example ground water (aqua-fed) resources will require drilling to tap the access points; this will then need to be transferred through feeder pipes to a WTP unit and finally a series of access infrastructure (pumps, wash basins, shower points etc.). Toiletry needs will need to be fed from either sand filtered or semi-treated water and solutions identified for wastewater treatment (including recycling options).

Monitoring and Evaluation

This project will create alignments of the program schedule and budget to those key tasks/activities and outputs, as the primary control framework for monitoring and subsequent evaluation. This will consist of initial project logical framework that will enable our project to align to the key objectives across each strategic component (Strategic Objective 1: Improved Natural Resource and Water Resource Management; Strategic Objective 2: Livelihood Development and Income Diversification).

This will enable our program to create a control for both identifying all key tasks along with supporting activities, defining key results and outputs required, sequencing to timelines and milestones and assignment resources and costs to each component. From this log/frame we will then develop the detailed implementation plans that includes identifying quality/quantity measures (KPIs) for each key task/activity, results areas including analysis and measurement methodologies.

For example water technology (Strategic Objective 1) key results measures will include rate of increased/improved water access across all three communities as measured through simple observation and community feedback surveys. In consultations with local clinics and using medical records (where available) improved community health will be measured through reduced reported water borne diseases through reduced reported illness especially to children.

Strategic Objective 1: Improved Natural Resource and Water Resource Management Illustrative areas: Water management technologies

Fresh water access

Deliverables/Outputs: • Fresh water access installations across coastal and high ground locations; • Infrastructure implementation across all three villages; • Community members trained in construction (sand filtration) and operation of WTP and wastewater management • Installed water access infrastructure (pumps, tanks, WTPs) • Skills improvements to the communities for infrastructure construction and maintenance

M&E: Community surveys/observations • Increased water infrastructure • Numbers of training conducted Operational performance reviews • Proven WTP and related infrastructure installations • Minimal faults reported • Project management/cost reporting Community surveys/observations • Increased fresh water access rates • Numbers of training delivered Operational performance reviews • Water RMP reviewed through

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Strategic Objective 1: Improved Natural Resource and Water Resource Management Illustrative areas:

Water catchment

Deliverables/Outputs: • Measured social benefits through reduced water access demands (time/effort) • Installed emergency water RMP (including training) and infrastructure • Detailed mapping on catchment areas • Protection activities delivered through community projects • Ongoing fresh water quality/flow rate monitoring

M&E: stakeholders • Emergency drill reviews • Project management/cost reporting

Community surveys/observations • Numbers of activities delivered • Access infrastructure installations Operational performance reviews • Quality testing data reviews • Project management/cost reporting

Strategic Objective 2: Livelihood Development and Income Diversification Illustrative areas: Livelihood development/ Income diversification

Outputs: • Business plan for water based enterprise • Training in water supply capacity to communities • Sales channels created for target communities • Increased economic benefits to the communities generated

M&E: Business management reviews • Increased sales contracts • Increased revenues • Improved operations • Project management/cost reporting Community surveys/observations • Numbers of training delivered • Increased economic benefits (savings)

Sustainability

Water technologies A key selection criteria for all fresh water access, treatment and distribution procurements will be the requirement for minimal after-sales/installation servicing (where possible). This relates to numbers of wearable/replaceable parts in all plant and equipment water infrastructure, to alleviate risks of postimplementation failures, costs and non-sustainable project benefits. Any WTP unit for example will require to be cost-effective, have minimal requirement for external power sources, have easily operable components capable of being managed through community training and must meet scope of delivery expectations. Where practical (cost-effective) solar power solutions will be prioritized to support installed water infrastructure to operate pumps and WTP units and will be preferred over options for diesel fed P&E.

Training components will be delivered across all aspects of water access, treatment, delivery and maintenance components to ensure post-project continued performance on safe and consistent community water supplies. Adequate assessment and competency reviews will form part of the training management process to ensure increased capabilities within the community to maintain all installed water infrastructure.

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Gender

Improved water access

An important inclusiveness objective for this proposal (and all proposals) will be the targeted benefits to women as the primary collectors of household water for cooking, washing and bathing needs for their families across all three communities. The aim of this project through the water access installations components will be to create direct social benefits to women as will be measured (M&E) through reductions in time delays to conduct these water gathering activities. Through provision of site based water pumps, tanks, wash basins, toilets and bathing outlets, this project aims to alleviate this burden on women in these communities, increase their social and economic capacity through freed time for gardening, child caring, household chores and such. One key social benefit to women will be through measured reductions in water related illness to children in these communities.

Training benefits

To ensure these created benefits will flow to women in these communities all training components for water access, construction, maintenance and supply both on the communities and in emergency locations, will focus on consultations with women. This is to ensure all planning and implementation components for water are best able to meet the needs for household usage including for cooking, bathing, toilet and washing uses for the communities. Women as the primary agents for managing these household components to water usage, are best able to provide design insights to ensure optimal community benefits.

Capacity Building

Water management

This project proposal aims to provide direct social and economic benefits to the target communities through improved fresh water access technologies to alleviate current burdens and risks with improper access infrastructure, water borne diseases, time constraints on water access and associated general hardships. Through a feasibility and implementation phase this project will provide the communities (Sena, Muliama and Wharangansau villages-NIP) with skills and training benefits on water location, assessment, construction and delivery capabilities. This includes involvement in the installation of emergency water access infrastructure within their lands, training on water shed management processes and quality control testing of water supplies.

Enterprise development

A planned second project phase will align the installed water access infrastructure to provide for an enterprise development component for the communities. The target communities will benefit through business enterprise skills training.

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