Advanced Architectural Construction - Construction Solutions Report

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONS) IN ARCHITECTURE

ARC 60104 ADVANCED ARCHITECTURAL CONSTRUCTION

Assignment 2 Costruction Solutions

Goay Ching Theng 0332644 Tutor: Ar. Edwin Chan Yean Leong

CO N T E N T 1 Introduction

6. Design Scheme

2 Roof System

7. Sectional Perspective Drawings

2.1 Construction System 2.2 Construction Details 2.3 Advantage and Disadvantages of the System

8. Reference

3. Ventilation Block Facade System 3.1 Construction System 3.2 Construction Details 3.3 Advantage and Disadvantages of the System

4. Steel Louvre Screening Faรงade System 3.1 Construction System 3.2 Construction Details 3.3 Advantage and Disadvantages of the System

5. Structural System 4.1 Construction System 4.2 Construction Details 4.3 Advantage and Disadvantages of the System

I N T R O D U C T I O N TO S T U D I O D E S I G N P R OJ E C T NEIGHBORHOOD MARKET & FOOD COURT – Design Statement The neighborhood market and food court is located at Bandar Baru Bangi, Seksyen 1, the idea of the food market is to provoke

the connection with communities, reconnect the essential elements in food market, where the daily food resources is for the local.

Cluster arrangement with hierarchy proportion to emphasizing the dry market, the main elements in food market. Applying steel framing structure integrated with concrete ventilation block, allow the openness of structure giving penetration of natural ventilation and daylighting into spaces and the vertical and horizontal visual linkage between space. Pitched roof in certain angle to prevent rainwater intrusion and act as rainwater harvest system integrated with bioswales, channeling rainwater runoff to plants filtration and funnels rainwater into water cistern. The public facilities are distributed to the ground floor to enhance the accessibility from the site, allows visual attract to the eyes and rejuvenate the human interaction in the town. Introduce weekend market in first floor to increasing the business opportunity in the site and increase the vitality to the community. Greenery are distributing throughout the food market which blurred the boundary between site context and the building, act as a green buffer zone in between the operation areas.

ROOF SYSTEM

METAL ROOF FRAMING SYSTEM

ROOF SYSTEM

Construction system- Lightweight roof structure The design inspired by lightweight structure of steel, which major supported by grid organized columns. The Naoshima ferry terminal built by SANAA in Japan, the features of the structural contain elements of sheer support for the roof structure, and the roof is mostly flat . Similar application in

Children village by Rosenbaum, a thin, metallic roof supported by lightweight wood following regular grid of 5.90m by 5.90m.

ROOF SYSTEM Construction system- Grid Organization to Support Roof Structure

Naoshima Ferry Terminal Structural Plan

Children Village Floor Plan

ROOF SYSTEM Construction detailing- Metal Roof Cladding

This common type of cladding consists of a metal liner, a layer of insulation material, a spacer system and an outer metal sheet. The span of such systems is limited by the spanning capability of the cladding sheets, which is typically in the order of 2m to 2.5m depending on the applied loading. Built-up cladding systems must, therefore, be supported by secondary steelwork. These systems are built up from their constituent parts on site.

ROOF SYSTEM Advantages

Disadvantages

• Longevity. Metal roofs can last 40-70 years, depending on the material. Traditional asphalt roofing materials have an estimated life expectancy of roughly 12-20 years.

•Affordability. Metal roofs can be as much as two or three times more expensive than other roofing materials. While the life of a metal roof is much longer, investing in a metal roof only makes sense if you plan to stay in your home long enough to enjoy the cost benefits.

• Durability. Some metal roofs can sustain wind gusts up to 140 miles per hour, will not corrode or crack, and may be impact-resistant (depending on which metal you choose). In addition, metal roofs don't need the periodic costly maintenance that other roofing materials often require.

However, they should be inspected periodically to make sure no repairs are required.

• Safety. Metal roofs will not spark and ignite into flames during a wildfire or lightning strike.

• Energy efficiency. Metal roofs reflect solar radiant heat, which can reduce cooling costs by 10-25%.

•Environmentally friendly. Metal roofs not only have 25-95% recycled content, depending on the material used, but are also 100% recyclable at the end of their life as a roof. In contrast, most shingle tear-off waste ends up as part of the building-related waste stream — up to 20 billion pounds per year.

•Noisiness. Metal roofs can be noisy, especially during a heavy rain or hailstorm. Adding more insulation during installation usually solves this problem, but that may increase costs.

•Expansion and contraction. Metal roofing materials that are attached as large panels tend to expand and contract. If they are not properly installed with fasteners that allow the metal to "breathe," the panels may loosen.

•Inconsistency of color match. If a repair is required or a home extension is added years later, it may be difficult to find an exact match to the existing metal.

•Performance. If water accumulates anywhere on the roof because of poor-quality installation or repair, it can eventually cause serious damage. Low-grade metals may also be thinner and less durable. Some metals rust in certain climates or dent more easily than others during hailstorms or installation.

FA Ç A D E S Y S T E M

VENTILATION BLOCK FAÇADE SYSTEM The ventilation block is made out of concrete, which provides practical protection against heavy rains and winds while

allow sufficient amount of light and cross ventilation and air circulate into the spaces. The indoor air temperature will be cooler by at least 10% of the building. The various shapes and sizes of concrete ventilation blocks allows architects and designers to unleash their creativity into the design of the building by replacing traditional monotony wall surface to a façade wall that allows for natural light and air circulation.

FA Ç A D E S Y S T E M

VENTILATION BLOCK FAÇADE SYSTEM

Pj Trade Center seeking to develop a Malaysian-inspired office architecture rather than follow the ubiquitous aluminiumand-glass model seen from New York to Singapore, the architect innovatively used simple local materials - over-burnt bricks, concrete ventilation blocks and exposed concrete - for this 20-storey structure. The ventilation blocks are crafted into delicate full-height screens on the eastern and western facades, as sun-shading devices and to minimise highway

noise. The concrete vent block tightly arranged together to form façade while interior act as a design features for corridors, while users can enjoy screening views without the limitation of a solid wall.

FA Ç A D E S Y S T E M

VENTILATION BLOCK FAÇADE SYSTEM Construction Methods -

Floor framing is attached with standard ledgers anchored to the side of the AAC assembly adjacent to a bond beam.

Concrete Block

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First course is laid and leveled. Blocks are stacked together with a thin-bed mortar in a running bond with a minimum of 6-inch

Mortar Bed Bond beams with reinforcing bar Gypsum Block Coating with mesh at discontinuities

overlap.

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Walls are plumbed, leveled, and squared with a rubber mallet.

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Bond beams are placed at the top of the wall and can be used for heavy-duty fixture attachment.

FA C A D E S Y S T E M Advantages

Disadvantages

• Aesthetically pleasing. Flexibility of form according to design

•High embodied energy. Involved in the production of some aggregates , use of cement contributes to global warming.

• Resource efficiency. Pre-cast at factory, gives lower environmental impact in all phrase of its life cycle, from processing of raw material to the disposal of waste, lesser construction waste.

•Non-renewable materials. Prone to impact damage.

• Lower environmental impact. Light weight and save cost and energy in transportation.

• Shrinkage due to the movement of moisture. Shrinkage causes crack development and strength loss.

• Thermal Mass. The ability to store and absorbs heat, improved thermal efficiency reduced heating and cooling loads in building.

•Earthquake Resistance. Providing support for keeping soil in place, hence preventing sink holes and eliminating the eye sore of dirt piles and hills, also helpful in preventing flooding.

•Durable. Reusable, and profuct available with recycled aggregate.

• Resource depletion. Use of virgin aggregates and sand causes land or marine degradation and resource depletion.

•Tensile Strength. The tensile strength of reinforced concrete is about one-tenth of its compressive strength.

•Labor Performance. It required skill labor and supervisor from mixing to finishing.

•Concrete Block is Difficult to Insulate. In a typical wood construction, wooden support beams offer plenty of space between one another for the installation of insulation.

Concrete block, however, offers only two small holes which may be--but are not always--filled with insulation material.

FA Ç A D E S Y S T E M

ALUMINIUM LOUVRE SCREENING FAÇADE SYSTEM Square Vitruve / Atelier du Pont. Completely remodeling the facade of this social housing block in Paris, French firm atelier du pont have added a new skin of balconies over the existing structure. Designed as an oversized meccano kit, the balconies are suspended from the roof, with the applied materials and technical solutions avoiding overloading on the existing building. the new skin was installed without putting machinery on the concrete slab and by using no cranes or pods, which helped to have minimal disruption on the resident’s daily lives during construction.

Square Vitruve Call Out Details Section

Square Vitruve Section

FA Ç A D E S Y S T E M

Construction system- Vertical Slats Pivot System The perforated aluminum louver system wraps one portion of the south facade in an intricately textured design. The louvers are spaced twenty-two-inches apart on center on the south facades, with a more generous spacing on the southeast-facing side. The louvers are then attached to a vertically suspended steel truss anchored into steel plates embedded in the concrete structure. A drainable exterior insulation finishing system (EIFS) is applied to the concrete as a backdrop to the aluminum louvers. Each louver has a unique rotation which results in an pixelated pattern stretching

across the three continuous facades. Every louver’s angle of rotation is set with screws and required coordination with the subcontractor to achieve the specific angle.

FA Ç A D E S Y S T E M Construction details

Aluminium Grate Flooring Horizontal Extrusion for Upper Unit Vertical Cross Bracing Cables Triple Glazed Inner Facade Vertical Extrusion for Upper Unit Spandrel Panel

Aluminium Louvre - Because of their metallic properties, aluminum louvers are inherently non-flammable. Available in 3-1/2� widths, aluminum louvers come standard with no bottom chain. Nickel-plated steel bead bottom chain is available as an option and is attached by installing the chain into center keyhole cutouts.

FA C A D E S Y S T E M Advantages •

Flexibility. Aluminum is versatile enough to be shaped to match just about any customer’s requirements and liking to fit into the space designated for a louver without much difficulty. There are also several types of louvers that can be fabricated from aluminum depending on the kind of ventilation system needed.

• Protection. Aluminum shutters protect the room from excess amounts of sun, heat, wind, and cold. Exterior shutters are permanent, so you don’t have to install plywood over windows before a storm. Aluminum shutters are durable, which provides good protect from high winds and debris.

• Environmentally Friendly. Since it is 100 percent recyclable, aluminum is often reprocessed and reused many times without ever losing its physical properties. This also impacts the environment greatly in a positive way since there is no need for it to ever be dumped into a landfill.

Creating a louver from aluminum only adds to the sustainability that this type of ventilation system already exhibits through its energy efficiency.

• Aesthetics. Little maintenance will need to be used on aluminum louvers. Aluminum does not rust and is resistant to corrosion, thus allowing designs made of the material to have a long life. Louvers made of aluminum don’t have to be built just for functional purposes. They are highly accepting of coatings and can be transformed into an aesthetically pleasing add-on that becomes integrated into the building’s appearance when the right finish and color are chosen.

Disadvantages • Appearance. Most homeowners find that aluminum is much less attractive than wood. Wood has an authentic look while aluminum can look cheap.

• Durability. Unlike vinyl and wood, which won’t crack, rust, or dent, aluminum will rust and dent over time.

STUCTURAL SYSTEM

Concrete Composite Steel Decking The composite steel floor construction with integrated services represents a highly established, fast, light, structurally efficient and economic floor construction method. The structural efficiency and hence economy is derived from the fact that the deep steel section offer high structural capacity and stiffness when working compositely with a thin concrete deck. Conventional composite steel-concrete floor framing consists of rather deep steel beams and girders which provide the most cost-effective design in terms of tonnage of structural steel used. This system has been developed for use in building floor construction, specifically for typical rectangular or square column bay areas of around 1,000 square feet. One of the most economical and widely used floor framing systems is the third-point loading of two in-fill beams on girders which span between columns.

STUCTURAL SYSTEM Construction Details - Concrete Composite Connection Detail

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM Advantages

• Reduced structural steel frame cost compared to noncomposite steel construction.

• Reduction in time and labor cost due to composite deck serving as both the form deck (which in most cases does not require shoring) and the positive reinforcement in the final structure.

• Reduce the construction schedule. Compared to cast-inplace construction which requires shoring and re-shoring, composite construction can drastically reduce the construction schedule.

• Reduction in weight of structural steel frame which also can lead to a less costly foundation.

• Reduced live load deflection and improved vibration performance due the composite construction being stiffer than comparable systems.

• Potential for shallower beams which can reduce building height.

• Increased span lengths are possible.

Disadvantages • Higher Cost. Material cost typically higher compared to cast-in-place concrete systems.

• Required Specialized Skills. Installation of shear connectors requires specialized equipment (automatic stud welders) which typically mean having to bring on a specialty sub-contractor.

• Performance. Introduction of camber can create issues with concrete levelness and finishing.

Design Scheme

Application of Aluminium Louvre Screening and Concrete Ventilation Blocks

Front Elevation Scale 1:150

Application of Lightweight Roof Structure and Concrete Composite Floor Decking

Rear Elevation Scale 1:150

Sectional Perspectives

Details of Roof, Columns, and Floor Structure System

1

2

6

3 5

7

Sectional Perspective Scale 1:50

4

1 Roof Structure - Corrugated Metal Layer - Steel Stud Joint - Perlin - Acoustic Ceiling Panel 2 Concrete Composite Steel Decking - Structural concrete floor - Galvanized steel flooring - Shear joint - Steel Beam

3 Gravel Ground Floor - Gravel Pavement - Concrete cement - Filtration Soil - Damp proofing - Gravel 4 Column to Foundation - Base plate - Concrete slab

5 Bioswales earth soil 6 Bioswales Mulch 7 Concrete Foundation Footing

Call out details of Roof to Wall Connection Structural Detail

Aluminium Layer Insulation

Perlin Acoustic Ceiling Panel

Steel Column

Concrete slab Galvanized Steel Flooring Steel Beam

Scale 1:25

Overall Structural Perspective

Sectional Perspective B-B’ Scale 1:50

I N T R O D U C T I O N TO S T U D I O D E S I G N P R OJ E C T Smith, T. (2016, October 05). Roofing Systems . Retrieved July 20, 2020, from https://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/buildingenvelope-design-guide/roofing-systems Understand Roof Systems: Learn All about Roofing Systems: Building Construction. (n.d.). Retrieved July 20, 2020, from http://www.understandconstruction.com/roofing-systems.html Roof, T. (n.d.). The Millennial Roof. Retrieved July 21, 2020, from http://dip9.aaschool.ac.uk/the-millennial-roof/ *, N. (2019, April 12). Introduction to Beam and Block Flooring.

Retrieved July 21, 2020, from https://www.firstinarchitecture.co.uk/introduction-to-beam-and-block-floors/ Kamrul Hasan Sagar Follow. (2016, May 27). Concrete block. Retrieved July 22, 2020, from https://www.slideshare.net/KamrulHasanSagar/concrete-block-62472254 AAC (Autoclaved Aerated Concrete) Blocks. (n.d.). Retrieved July 22, 2020, from http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/b2b_expert-1882985-aac-autoclaved-aerated-concrete-blocks/ Sรกnchez, D. (2013, September 19). Square Vitruve / Atelier du Pont. Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/428770/square-vitruveatelier-du-pont?ad_medium=gallery IES Roseta Mauri. (n.d.). Retrieved July 22, 2020, from https://www.filt3rs.net/case/vertical-louvers-high-school-batlle-roig-500 Ferello, J. (2018, June 21). At Arizona State University, pixelated aluminum louvers shade residence hall. Retrieved July 22, 2020, from https://www.archpaper.com/2018/06/at-arizona-state-university-pixelated-aluminum-louvers-shade-residence-hall/ Composite Steel Buildings. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.maverickengineers.com/disciplines/composite-steel-buildings Dudley, D. (2018, July 02). Composite Structural Steel Beams and Deck. Retrieved July 22, 2020, from https://dudleyengineering.com/composite-structural-steel-beams-and-deck/ Amritpal G. (2015, July 01). Retrieved July 22, 2020, from http://www.kpucadd.com/amritpalg/steel-design-and-detailing/