CITYSCAPES I

CITYSCAPES

Chattanooga Streetscapes Part One: Current Conditions

CITYSCAPES

Chattanooga Streetscapes Part One: Current Conditions

Authors and Acknowledgements Chattanooga Design Studio

719 Cherry Street, Suite 100

Chattanooga, TN 347402 chattanoogastudio.com

With Gratitude Stroud Watson Eric Myers Blythe Bailey

Christian S. Rushing, AICP LEED AP

Bert Kuyrkendall

Roy Wroth

Jenny Park

Ryan Sandwick

Michael Walton

Ann Coulter

2016 Summer Interns

Board of Directors 2016

Katie Hines, University of Virginia

Ethan Collier

Christian Rushing

Briana Keith, Kennesaw State University

Kelly Fitzgerald

Virginia Anne Sharber

Xiao Zhang, Harvard Graduate School of Design

Lisa Flint

Rob Taylor

Mitch Patel

Macon Toledano

Jeff Pfitzer

Kim White

Stacy Richardson

Contents Celebrating the Public Realm in Chattanooga

1

Qualities of the Urban Room

2

A Public–Private Partnership

5

Urban Design Vocabulary

8

Chattanooga’s Public Realm

10

Streetscape Character

12

Weighted Streetscape Quality

29

Observing Streetscapes: Visual Inventory

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Conclusion and Next Steps

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About This Study In 2016, Chattanooga Design Studio initiated a baseline study of Chattanooga’s public realm. Our goal is to increase the public’s awareness and understanding of public space downtown and to promote quality urban design.

The Cityscapes project defines the essential qualities of good urban spaces, collects expressions of the community’s values, and inventories the current condition of Chattanooga’s streetscapes.

As we evaluate the basic elements of streetscapes in the downtown area, we are creating opportunities for the public to participate in the urban design process. In future years, we will continue adding to the baseline data and gaging public opinion.

Visual representations of the urban environment at a variety of scales increases community awareness of the importance of streetscapes. A better informed public can have a greater influence on Chattanooga’s future vision.

The streetscape and public realm improvements surrounding Miller Plaza are examplary and can serve as a template for work throughtout the downtown.

Celebrating the Public Realm in Chattanooga While it is a city’s architectural landmarks that dominate the skyline and populate its picture postcards, it is its public spaces that truly contain the life and heart of the community. Streets, parks, plazas, pedestrian walks and passages - all of these places are built and maintained for the use and benefit of all citizens, and together make a network of spatial experiences we call the “Public Realm.”

The Public Realm consists of a series of “outdoor rooms” visually enclosed spaces that hold activities and promote social interactions. Most of the outdoor rooms in any city are quite ordinary streets, providing light, air, visibility and access to the buildings along them. The character of these ordinary streets has a significant impact on the civic culture of a city. Streetscape is the sum of all the factors that contribute to the character of a street, and make it an effective part of the Public Realm.

In Chattanooga, several decades of effort has gone into improving and restoring the character of our streetscapes.

We have rediscovered and preserved aspects of 19th century streetscapes, and we have also invented new types of streetscapes according to the fashions and perceived needs of each generation.

We can be proud of the convivial atmosphere that has developed in the downtown. Chattanooga’s public realm has entered a virtuous cycle, attracting the activities and businesses that inspire further investment in our streetscapes.

The Urban Room As we continuously refine Chattanooga’s streetscapes, we must hold a common understanding of the purposes and functions that our streets serve.

Making wise choices about possible improvements to our streets requires a shared standard against which to measure proposals and results.

The basic unit of the Public Realm is a single block-long segment of one street, including everything in the street and the facades of the buildings lining it.

The word ‘block’ can be ambiguous: sometimes meaning a group of buildings with streets on all sides, and sometimes referring to the urban room, a one-block long section of a street, with buildings on both sides. In this study, we will call this unit an “urban room” to maintain our focus on the spatial qualities of the street, rather than the architectural qualities of the buildings.

Public realm improvements can also include street furniture and publicly accessible builings.

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Qualities of the Urban Room Great spaces support great social experiences, great social experiences attract local businesses, and commercial activity helps sustain the activity of the street. Spatial, social and economic factors combine to strengthen and enrich the public realm.

A. Spatial Qualities Public space in cities draws upon and combines age-old instincts related to both landscapes and dwellings. Good streetscape provides a balance of protective enclosure and open vistas; a balance of comfort and exposure; and a balance of memorable wayfinding and exploration of the unknown.

Enclosure The simplest quality of any space is containment. Views out from the space are mostly limited and return the viewer’s attention to the activities within the space. Enclosure provides focus and some elements of security.

Consistency and Legibility We “read” the urban environment, both to help us navigate and to help us make emotional sense of our participation in the life of the city. Consistency and predictability in streetscapes helps us feel at home and comfortable in the city.

Market Street, 1917. The unique character of this street has outlasted many of the individual buildings along it.

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Complexity and Surprise City life offers some enlivening surprises, with diverse environments and experiences in close proximity. A spatially complex urban environment, with unexpected transitions and connections, engages the imagination and makes room for cultural diversity.

B. Social Qualities The urban room provides the place and occasion for certain kinds of social interactions which are vital to community. These beneficial interactions can be prompted by the design of urban space, but cannot be fully planned or controlled. They rely on the spontaneous agency of many thousands of citizens over time. Good streetscapes allow for a variety of social activities, encourage beneficial behaviors, offer an inclusive welcome, and support diverse cultural expressions.

C. Economic Qualities The economic function of public space is inseparable from its civic purpose. Commerce creates ordinary occasions for citizens to enter the public realm; and the public realm creates an amenity that attracts workers and customers to local businesses. Good streetscape provides context and continuity to the local economy, increases the visibility and supports the reputations of local businesses, and supports the quality of life of workers and visitors.

Visibility and Imageability People need to be able to find, identify, and remember the locations of social activities in the public realm. Good public places are distinctive, highly visual, and easily connected to widely shared cultural concepts and narratives.

Access and Exposure The public realm provides access and visibility to local businesses allowing them to reach a wide base of customers; and for all citizens to participate in the local economy on an equal footing. Public space lets each business present itself to the public.

Welcome and Belonging Public spaces are constantly being ‘found’ by new people, and must welcome them in many ways, boldly and also subtly. In great public spaces, returning and regular visitors develop a sense of belonging and of local pride.

Formality and Maintainability Participating in public life requires self-awareness and awareness of social context. Good social places have an element of formality to remind us of the presence of others. A clean and easily cleanable space sustains the dignity of every user of the space and maintains our confidence in the ‘social contract’ of the public realm.

Integration and Identity Public space helps to integrate businesses into an ensemble of experiences which can reflect diversity and consistency. Places and businesses can inherit uniqueness, authenticity and identity from each other.

Optimism and Generosity Over time, businesses and workplaces become part of the local landscape contributing a sense of confidence, permanence and community spirit to the place. Long-standing businesses, embedded and integrated into the public realm, can convey a spirit of generosity and stability, and reinforce these values in the community.

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The hallmark of the 21st Century Waterfront project was public private partnership. In this case, public and private entities joined to create one of the finest districts in the city, inclduing: the 1st Street Arts Walk, Holmberg Pedestrian bridge, and two phases of private housing development.

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A Public–Private Partnership The public realm consists of urban rooms that are defined by a unique combination of public and private elements. They are enclosed by the facades of private buildings, and populated by the various elements of the public streetscape, including sidewalks, trees, and street furniture.

Good decision-making about streetscapes must consider factors in both the public and private sectors, and must understand the dynamic interactions between the two.

Private Elements

Public Elements

What:

Land and buildings

What:

Streets, sidewalks and parks

Agency:

Landowners and tenants

Agency:

Governments

Means:

Private financing

Means:

Public expenditure

Motive:

Self interest and philanthopy

Motive:

Public benefit

Control:

Zoning ordinances and building codes

Control:

Policy, standards, and community engagement

PRIVATE

PRIVATE

PUBLIC

Public and Private Elements form the Public Realm

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PRIVATE

PRIVATE

Private Realm

How buildings contribute to the urban room Enclosure Buildings provide enclosure by simply building out the ‘streetwall,’ the spatial edge of the urban room. The height, location, and shape of the front facade of the building defines the shape of the space it helps to contain. All of the buildings surrounding an urban room work together to define the shape of the space. A missing building will detract from the sense of enclosure.

Frontage Any building can provide simple enclosure, even a parking garage or a building with blank walls. Frontage concerns various treatments of the front of the building that can enhance the social value of the space created in the public realm. Frontage includes massing treatments (setbacks, awnings, porches, arcades, entry courts); landscape treatments, and facade treatments (doors, windows, and decorative elements.)

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Transparency Businesses choose to locate on busy public streets because they want to share in the public life of the street. Although they control access to the building, they want to create inviting entrances and views into the building to attract customers. This experience then spills over and adds activity to the street and increases foot traffic to neighboring businesses.

Transparent facades are essential to creating a sociable commercial environment, and can include clear glazed windows, shop display windows, plate glass doors, doors that stay open during business hours, roll-up doors, and even trellised plantings that allow partial visibility.

Transparent facades allow passers-by to see whatever the business owner has chosen to share with them: activities, merchandise, visual displays and communications, and attractive interior spaces.

Activity Commercial activities provide the occasion for citizens to participate in the public life of the city. Social activities provide the occasion for citizens to participate in commerce. Just as businesses can invite the public inside for informal activities (browsing, eating, meeting, entertainment) so too can business activities spill out into the street (displays, sales, outdoor seating, meetings). Activity, places for activity, and visible traces of recent activities all attract more attention and increase participation in both commerce and public life.

PUBLIC

Public Realm

How streets contribute to the urban room Access and passage Streets provide access to private property and to the amenities of the public realm. Streets provide clear passage through the public room, which can often be the primary need of a visitor to the place. Good streetscape design, and the larger concerns of the Complete Streets philosophy, balances the demands of mobility through the space with the activities that happen within the space.

Gathering spaces The social life of the public realm requires a variety of types of gathering spaces, covering the spectrum of small and large gatherings, formal and informal, and specialized and multipurpose spaces. Our most important and memorable events take place in formal plazas and parks, but the great majority of our time is spent in the ordinary spaces of the public realm, in the streets. Each kind of space has its contribution to city life, and spaces will carry different meanings and values for different people.

Comfort and security With so many various reasons for people to participate in the public realm, the urban room must provide safety and comfort in ways that work for every kind of visitor to the space. Comfort and security are interrelated, because a comfortable space will attract more people, adding to the informal security of the space. Good streetscape design provides shade, light, visibility, and seating, and coordinates the sharing of space among pedestrians, bicycles and cars.

Views and expressions The public realm is a place for reflection, expression and celebration. The street can provide memorable views of city, spaces for reflection, and places for cultural expression of all kinds. Good streetscape design accommodates a variety of points of view, and must balance the need for individual expression with the potential for benefit to the whole society.

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Urban Design Vocabulary STREET COMPONENTS

STREETSCAPE ELEMENTS

TYPES OF STREETS

Roadway- paved lanes intended for through traffic.

Curb Cut- an interruption of the curb and sidewalk allowing vehicles to enter a parcel from the street, and creating a point of interaction between vehicles and pedestrians.

Avenue- a wide street lined with trees, providing a ceremonial approach to a landmark or destination.

Right-of-way- publicly-owned land containing roadway and sidewalk elements.

Travel Lanes- lanes intended for use by vehicles and bicycles.

Bicycle lanes- a lane reserved for use by bicycles.

On-street Parking- space for parking cars within the street right-of-way; onstreet parking creates a buffer between pedestrians and vehicles.

Planting Strip- the area between the street right-of-way line and the sidewalk, intended to provide a buffer between pedestrians and vehicles.

Streetscape- the elements within and along the street right-of-way that define its appearance, identity, and functionality, including adjacent buildings and land uses, street furniture, landscaping, trees, sidewalks, and pavement treatments.

Hardscape- paved surfaces including streets and sidewalks.

Bollards- short vertical posts arranged to exclude vehicles from a pedestrian area.

Signage- signs may be graphical and written, notices and advertisements, public or commercial, and may be posted in the right-of-way or on private land or buildings.

Connector Street- a complete street, serving bicycle, pedestrian, transit and vehicles, and carrying a moderate volume of traffic, mostly local.

Local Street- a complete street, carrying lower volumes of local traffic, such as a neighborhood street.

Bulb-outs- an extension of the sidewalk or curb line into the parking lane, that reduces the pedestrian crossing distance, visually and physically narrows the roadway, and improves the ability of pedestrians and motorists to see each other.

Plaza- a public gathering space with a predominance of hardscape and a close connection between the space and the adjoining commercial buildings.

Street Furniture- fixtures installed along the roadway, at or above grade level, including lamp posts, pedestrian lighting, fire hydrants, street signs, benches, trash cans, bike racks, newspaper boxes, water fountains, and planters.

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Boulevard- a wide street lined with trees, usually with a center median or medians that create side access lanes.

Crosswalks- marked portion of the street designated for pedestrian crossing, either mid-block or at an intersection.

Pedestrian Oriented Lightingoutdoor lighting designed to enrich the pedestrian experience, typically with lower lamp heights, warmer light temperatures, and more frequent spacing.

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Parkway- a highway, often divided with a median, with wide, open landscaped areas on both sides.

URBAN LANDSCAPES

Festival Ground- an assemblage of open space facilities intended to accommodate a variety of large community gatherings and events.

Pocket Park- a small public space, usually too small for formal recreational use, that increases access to open space for urban populations.

Urban Trail- a linear urban park, often following a riverbank or rail line.

Promenade- a paved walkway suitable for sociable pedestrian strolling.

BUILDING FRONTAGE

Front Facade- the wall planes of a building that face and are parallel to the street .

Setback- the minimum distance required between the property line and the building.

Build-to Line- a ‘maximum’ setback, specifying that the building must be built within a certain distance from the property line.

Storefront- the front facade of a commercial building, usually composed of entry doors and display windows.

Forecourt- an entry court or yard formed by increasing the setback of a portion of the building’s front facade.

Gallery- a continuous covered public walkway along the front of a building, consisting of a roof and columns built outside the building footprint, often with a second story porch above.

Arcade- a gallery built within the footprint of the building, with columns or arches, often with heated building space above.

Canopy- a permanent roof extending from the building over the sidewalk, typically protecting a storefront or entrance.

Awning- a canopy built of fabric or other temporary or movable materials.

Porch- an open, covered outdoor room, attached to the building, often serving to protect an entrance Stoop an small stair and platform leading to a building entrance; the entry may be covered with a canopy or awning.

HUMAN EXPERIENCE

Public Realm- the network of places and spaces which are accessible by the public and contribute to the cultural identification of a community and a locality.

Sense of Place- the characteristics that give a place its unique identity; especially those that foster a sense of human attachment and belonging.

Sight Line- an unobstructed space providing direct visibility of a landmark or vista from the observer’s position.

Terminated Vista- a street view that ends at a building or other landmark, increasing the sense of enclosure and memorability of the street.

Walkability- the degree to which a neighborhood or district provides close and comfortable pedestrian access between common destinations.

Wayfinding- the skillsets with which people navigate urban environments; the ways in which well-design places support navigation; and the signage and graphic information systems that supplement navigation.

VEHICULAR TRAVEL

QUALITIES OF STREETSCAPES

Posted Speed- the maximum legal speed of a roadway, posted and enforced by local government.

Transparency- the visual openness of the edges of a space, allowing people to partially see or understand things beyond the space, such as understanding the activities in a building from the street.

Design Speed- the anticipated vehicular speed used to guide design decisions about a roadway.

Operating Speed- the speed of the majority of traffic on a roadway, set by driver expectations.

Traffic Calming- strategies and features that make traffic safer, which may include slowing traffic reducing traffic volumes, and making it more predictable.

Speed Table- a traffic calming device consisting of a raised portion of the street long enough to lift the entire vehicle.

Enclosure- the spatial definition of a place, created by visual boundaries including buildings, walls, or trees.

Complexity- the visual richness of a space, arising from both the diversity of elements and their latent relational order.

Continuity- the visual coherence of a space, arising from similarities in its elements.

Imagability- the qualities of a place that makes it distinct, recognizable.

Mode Share- the percentage of travelers using each type of transportation.

Vision Cone- the extent of a driver’s visual awareness; the vision cone narrows as speed increases.

Barrier Free Design- an approach to the design of public space that ensure equal access to persons across the spectrum of physical ability, including factors in mobility, strength, vision, and hearing.

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The public relm near the corner of 3rd and Market is a rich tapestry of streetscape elements: pedestrian pavers, mature trees, understory planting, street furniture, and lighting.

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Riverfront Park

First St.

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High St.

Walnut St.

Market St.

Broad St.

Chestnut St.

Aquarium

Fourth St.

Sixth St.

The pubic realm of downtown Chattanooga emerges from a network of stories and pathways that trace the city’s history and portray its cultural identity. Each urban room has a unique sense of place and tells certain local stories.

There are also bigger stories, told across grouping of urban rooms corridors that run across the whole downtown, clusters of streets that form districts, and streets that join with parks to create great landmark gathering spaces.

Market St.

Broad St.

Pine St.

Chattanooga’s Public Realm

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County Courthouse

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Streets with established character

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Streets with emerging character Major open space

Private Realm Buildings and private land

Public Realm

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.

Streetscape Character Streetscape character is the sum of the qualities of real streets that promote the growth and enrichment of the public realm. We rarely have the opportunity to design and build a downtown street from scratch - usually we begin in the middle, with a street bearing many marks of the city’s history. Character just as often comes from the quirks of history as from a designer’s intent. Our needs and expectations of streetscapes change over time. Our streets and buildings may be left unfinished, or decay, or be neglected. And our budgets and priorities change, all leading to a great variety in streetscape character.

With close observation, we can discover the character of each street, emerging from its history, its typical activities, the proximity and juxtaposition of elements, and the ‘sense of place’ that collective memory builds.

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We must learn to distinguish between the enduring character and the passing character of a street.

At first impression, the character may seem to be set by the current business tenants and activities.

But on the city-building timescale, these factors change relatively rapidly, and the changes take relatively small investments. Enduring character, found in physical buildings and in cultural habits, changes much more slowly, and takes more resources to change.

City character is in a slow state of flux. It is reinforced or weakened by a steady stream of incremental actions undertaken by a variety of stakeholders, from building owners to passing pedestrians. The urban environment can be influenced by policies, plans, and cultural ideas that influence stakeholders.

Elements of Streetscape Character Streetscape character is the sum and interaction of numerous elements in the physical configuration of a street. Some are easy to observe and measure, like the presence of street trees. Recognizing the contribution of various elements of the streetscape requires observation and discussion because the impact of an element on the many kinds of activities and types of users of the street may not be apparent at first.

Buildings

Lighting

Do the buildings add activity and enclosure to the space?

Does the street have pedestrianscaled lighting fixtures?

Street Trees

Bike Lanes

Do street trees add shade and visual interest to the street?

Are there dedicated bike lanes in the street?

Street Parking

For the present study, we identified elements of streetscape that are easy to observe and measure, and contribute widely to the qualities of good streetscape discussed in the Introduction.

We started with the eight questions below, representing just a sample of the many aspects of streetscape character. A stronger streetscape will have more of these elements, but we don’t believe that every street needs all of these elements.

Public Seating

Is on-street parking available?

Does the street provide a place to sit and rest?

Sidewalks

Public Art

Does the sidewalk provide a continuous 6-foot clear walk zone?

Is any public art present, including sculpture and murals?

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Buildings According to Reid Ewing and Otto Clemente, authors of Measuring Urban Design: Metrics for Livable Places, “Active uses are defined as shops, restaurants, public park, and other uses that generate significant pedestrian traffic. Inactive uses include blank walls, parking lots, vacant lots, abandoned buildings, and offices with no apparent activity.�

Lots with active uses give people a reason to be in that space, encourage social interaction, and make the space safer. A block with more lots with active uses is more likely to be a space where people feel comfortable and want to spend time and therefore indicates a higher quality public realm.

Do the buildings add activity and enclosure to the space?

0 - Mostly absent on both sides of the street

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1 - Mostly present on one side of the street

2- Mostly present on both sides of the street

Street Trees According to Allan Jacobs, author of Great Streets, “Trees can transform a street more easily than any other physical improvement. For many people, trees are the most important single characteristic of a good street.� Trees provide environmental,

economic, aesthetic, psychological, social, and safety benefits for a space. From providing shade to make walking the street more comfortable to emphasizing the linearity of a street to increasing biodiversity, trees can do a lot for a space.

Do street trees add shade and visual interest to the street?

0 - Mostly absent on both sides of the street

1 - Mostly present on one side of the street

2- Mostly present on both sides of the street

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Street Parking Allan Jacobs claims, “On-street auto parking is permitted and provided for along many of the best streets, far more than where there is none, but almost certainly in amounts that are far below demand or what any contemporary standard would require. At best, drivers seem to have a long shot at finding a space in the block they are destined for; they take the chance, usually lose, then look elsewhere

nearby for a place to park. That may be enough: a chance.� The presence of on-street parking increases use of a space by those that travel by vehicle, but also can act as a form of protection to pedestrians on the sidewalk or bikers in a protected bike lane from traveling vehicles in the roadway. On-street parking offers economic, safety, accessibility, and connectivity benefits.

Is on-street parking available?

0 - Mostly absent on both sides of the street

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1 - Mostly present on one side of the street

2- Mostly present on both sides of the street

Sidewalks According to the FHWA Course on Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation, “Sidewalks require a minimum width of 5.0 feet. Walking is a social activity. For any two people to walk together, 5.0 feet of space is the bare minimum.” Sidewalks serve as the links between two places, and the process of getting from one place to another should be made enjoyable by maximizing the quality

of the sidewalk. According to Allan Jacobs, “There have to be walkways that permit people to walk at varying paces, including most importantly a leisurely pace, with neither a sense of crowding nor being alone, and that are safe, primarily from vehicles.” By providing at least 6 feet of clear, walkable space, pedestrians will have a comfortable travel experience.

Does the sidewalk provide a continuous 6-foot clear walk zone?

0 - Mostly absent on both sides of the street

1 - Mostly present on one side of the street

2- Mostly present on both sides of the street

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Lighting “Pedestrian-oriented lighting� refers to lighting fixtures that are specifically designed to light the space for pedestrians, rather than vehicles. Pedestrian lighting serves the functional purpose of providing light for people to safely inhabit the space during

the morning, evening, and night, increasing a block’s flexibility. However, pedestrian lighting can also have benefits beyond this immediate practical intent as well-designed fixtures can also provide aesthetic and placemaking benefits.

Does the street have pedestrian-scaled lighting fixtures?

0 - Mostly absent on both sides of the street

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1 - Mostly present on one side of the street

2- Mostly present on both sides of the street

Bike Lanes As a city with a bike share program, it is important for an extensive network of bike lanes to exist in order to promote biking culture. Bike lanes provide a safe space for bikers, making them feel more comfortable and more likely to bike rather than drive

or walk. Biking has sustainability, health, accessibility, and safety benefits that enhance the quality of a block as well as the overall city. Every street should be a safe place for bicyclists, but we shouldn’t expect every street to have dedicated bike lanes.

Are there dedicated bike lanes in the street?

0 - Mostly absent on both sides of the street

1 - Mostly present on one side of the street

2- Mostly present on both sides of the street

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Public Seating The existence of public seating along a block not only provides people with a place to rest, but also shows that this is a place in which people want to pause and spend time.

Public seating encourages social interaction

among members of the community, which is a fundamental function of public spaces. Welldesigned public seating can greatly enhance a space as it affects the sociability, flexibility, distinctiveness, and safety of the block.

Does the street provide a place to sit and rest?

0 - Mostly absent on both sides of the street

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1 - Mostly present on one side of the street

2- Mostly present on both sides of the street

Public Art According to Jack Becker, founder of Forecast Public Art, public art’s positive effects include: “engaging civic dialogue and community, attracting attention and economic benefit, connecting artists with communities, and enhancing public appreciation of art.” Public art can help to

define a space and create a sense of place.

It also adds a cultural dimension to a space as it helps form and express a community’s identity. From educational to economic to aesthetic benefits, public art is an important characteristic of a space.

Is any public art present, including sculpture and murals?

0 - Mostly absent on both sides of the street

1 - Mostly present on one side of the street

2- Mostly present on both sides of the street

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Streetscape Inventory Process In June 2016, three Design Studio interns surveyed 192 blocks within the downtown core using a Google Forms questionnaire. For each block, the team recorded the presence or strength of eight elements of streetscpae character.

In an effort to minimize surveyor bias, steps were taken to decrease the likelihood that the entire length of one street would be observed by a single respondent. Surveyors also carried with them a map of the labeled blocks and a document listing clarifications for possible issues that had previously been discussed and resolved for each of the elements.

The results of the inventory are presented on the following pages. Please note, that while we have identified certain facts about each street, that is has or lacks street trees, for example, we have not made a value judgement about each street. There will be many cases where a streetscape element would not be considered necessary, or would not be a valued contributor to the total character of the street.

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Tennessee River

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University of Tennessee at Chattanooga

Innovation District

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Study Area Boundary

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-02

Block Key Map

7E-02

00

KW

04

5E-03

6E-02

7E-01

8E-00

8W-00

8W-01

4E-

4E-03

4E-03

5E-02

6E-01

7E-00

7W-00

3E-

CM

8W-02

CR-04

MA-04

BR-04 BR-05 BR-06

PI-06

CS-06 7W-01

4E-02

5E-01

6E-00

6W-00

6W-01

7W-02

CR-01

MA-01

BR-03

CS-03 CS-04 CS-05 6W-02

3E-03

04

4E-01

5E-00

5W-00

5W-01

6W-03

4E-00

4W-00

4W-01

4W-02

2E-04

3E-02

3E-01

3E-00

3W-00 MA-03

3W-01

3W-02

AE-02

AE-01

MA-02

CS-02

PO-02

BR-01 AW-01

AW-02

AE-00

AW-00

BR-02

PO-01

CS-01

1E-00

AE

East Aquarium Way

AW

West Aquarium Way

BR

Broad Street

CA

Carter Street

CO

Columbia Street

CR

Cherry Street

CS

Chestnut Street

CU

Custom Street

DO

Douglas Street

FO

Foster Street

GA

Georgia Avenue

HI

High Street

HO

Houston Street

KE

East Martin Luther King Boulevard

KW

West Martin Luther King Boulevard

KI

King Street

LI

Lindsay Street

LO

Lookout Street

MA

Market Street

MB

Mabel Street

MC

McCallie Avenue

NB

Newby Street

OA

Oak Street

PI

Pine Street

PO

Power Alley

PP

Patten Parkway

SP

Spring Street

VI

Vine Street

WA

Walnut Street

BR-03

Indicates Street Name

Indicates Address Block

Block Naming Convention

Street Name Suffixes Cityscapes

I

Streetscape Inventory

23

Key 2 - Mostly present on both sides of the street 1-P artly present / only one side of the street 0-M ostly absent on both sides of the street

24

CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO

Do the buildings add activity and enclosure to the space?

Do street trees add shade and visual interest to the street?

BUILDINGS

STREET TREES

Key 2-M ostly present on both sides of the s treet 1 - Partly present / only one side of the street 0-M ostly absent on both sides of the street

Is on-street parking available?

Does the sidewalk provide a continuous 6-foot clear walk zone?

STREET PARKING

SIDEWALKS Cityscapes

I

Streetscape Inventory

25

Key 2 - Mostly present on both sides of the street 1 - Partly present / only one side of the street 0 - Mostly absent on both sides of the street

26

CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO

Does the street have pedestrian-scaled lighting fixtures?

Are there dedicated bike lanes in the street?

LIGHTING

BIKE LANES

Key 2-M ostly present on both sides of the street 1-P artly present / only one side of the street 0-M ostly absent on both sides of the street

Does the street provide a place to sit and rest?

Is any public art present, including sculpture and murals?

PUBLIC SEATING

PUBLIC ART

Cityscapes

I

Streetscape Inventory

27

Streetscape Characteristics Summary

Buildings

Street Trees

Street Parking

Sidewalks

Lighting

Bike Lanes

Public Seating

Public Art

Key 2-M ostly present on both sides of the street 1-P artly present / only one side of the street 0-M ostly absent on both sides of the street

28

CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO

Riverfront Park

Percent of total score attributed to each Streetscape Characteristic:

20%

Lighting:

10%

Bike Lanes:

5%

Public Seating:

10%

Public Art:

5%

ia A ve.

Sidewalks:

org

15%

Ge

Street Parking:

Sixth St.

County Courthouse

Eig

hth

Pat

ton

The combined score can help us identify streetscapes which are mostly complete and streetscapes which are in need of further improvement.

Weighting is a subjective process, reflecting the community’s priorities and preferences, and can be adjusted to reflect the interests of the intended user group.

MLK Jr. Blvd.

Miller Park and Plaza

Ma

rtin

Par

St.

kw

Lut

her

ay

Kin

gJ

r. B lvd .

Be ssie Sm it

h

Ten t

hS

Public Library

t.

TVA

Streetscape Quality Scale: 0

weaker

Cherry St.

15%

Market St.

Street Trees:

Broad St.

This map reflects our initial weighting model. We put greater emphasis on elements like sidewalk width and street trees, and less emphasis on bike lanes and public art. These are secondary elements that wouldn’t be essential to every streetscape.

20%

Fourth St.

Pine St.

Some streetscape elements have a greater impact on the quality of the public realm than others.

Buildings:

High St.

Weighting is the process of assigning greater or lesser value to each element of streetscape character, allowing us to arrive at a composite measure for each block-long urban room.

Market St.

Combined Measures

Broad St.

Weighting

Chestnut St.

Weighted Streetscape Quality

Walnut St.

First St.

Aquarium

5

10

stronger

Cityscapes

I

Streetscape Inventory

29

Observing Streetscapes: Visual Inventory Improvements to individual blocks will require close observation of the existing condition of each block.

In addition to the character elements inventoried distrcit wide, we have also made observations of the extent of these physical elements within each block.

Because the character of great streets varies, we have avoided making judgements about the presence or absence of streetscape elements in a given block. For example, while street trees are a broadly desirable design element, there may be many streets downtown where street trees would not be a desired or necessary part of the streetscape character.

Graphic Legend Travel Lane Street Parking Bike Lane Street Trees Sidewalk Lighting Facade Transparency Building Mass

30

CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO

GE

OR

GIA

AV E

CHERRY ST

12TH STREET

11TH STREET

10TH STREET

MARKET ST

M L KING, JR. BLVD

8TH STREET

7TH STREET

MILLER PARK

BROAD ST

CHESTNUT ST

Legend Travel Lane Street Parking Bike Lane Street Trees Sidewalk Lighting Facade Transparency Building Massing

Innovation District Streetscapes

Cityscapes

I

Streetscape Inventory

31

100 Broad Street street section type A weighted 5.6 streetscape score

Lighting •

• Public Art

• Public Seating

BR-02 200 Broad Street street section type B weighted 6.4 streetscape score

Bike Lanes •

300 Broad Street

street section type B weighted 6.4 streetscape score

Bike Lanes •

W6 ST

6TH STREET E6 ST

5TH STREET E5 ST Lighting •

• Public Seating

BR-03

• Parking Lanes

W11 ST

• Public Art

Street Trees • Buildings •

FSG Bank Street Trees •

• Sidewalks

Buildings •

• Public Art

Lighting •

• Public Seating

BR-04

400 Broad Street street section type B

• Parking Lanes • Sidewalks • Public Art

Bike Lanes •

E11 ST

Lighting •

Moonpie Store W10 ST

• Sidewalks

Bike Lanes •

W5 ST

W4 ST E4 ST

4TH STREET

3RD STREET E 3 ST E 3 ST

• Parking Lanes

Buildings •

• Public Seating

BR-05 500 Broad Street

street section type B

weighted 7.6 streetscape score

weighted 7.2 streetscape score

percent of 15% frontage built

percent of 67% frontage built

percent of 37% frontage built

percent of frontage 73% built

percent of frontage 72% built

frontage suitable 15% for retail

frontage suitable 63% for retail

frontage suitable 27% for retail

frontage suitable 66% for retail

frontage suitable 48% for retail

average building 2 height

average building 2.8 height

average building 1.7 height

average building 3 height

average building 3 height

travel lanes 2

travel lanes 5

right-of-way width 125.5 ft.

right-of-way width 120.5 ft.

roadway width 97 ft.

roadway width 96 ft.

BROAD STREET 32

Street Trees •

• Sidewalks

• Public Seating

BR-01

Market Court

E10 ST

• Public Art

• Parking Lanes

EML KING ST

Lighting •

Street Trees •

Buildings •

WML KING ST

• Sidewalks

EML KING ST

• Parking Lanes

W8 ST

Street Trees •

Lupi’s Pizza

Majestic Theater

The Block

Buildings •

Bike Lanes •

W7 ST

Mostly Present Partly Present Mostly Absent

W7 ST

Aquarium Plaza

WML KING ST

Travel Lane Street Parking Bike Lane Street Trees Sidewalk Lighting Facade Transparency Building Massing

W8 ST

Legend

Sports Barn

Blue Water

W AQU WAY W AQU WAY AQUARIUM WAY

Aquarium Annex

CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO

travel lanes 4 right-of-way width 121 ft. roadway width 95.5 ft.

travel lanes 4 right-of-way width 122 ft. roadway width 95 ft.

travel lanes 4 right-of-way width 120.5 ft. roadway width 96 ft.

• Parking Lanes

Reed House Hotel

UBS

Street Trees •

• Parking Lanes

• Parking Lanes

TVA

W11 ST

E12 ST

E11 11TH ST STREET

E10 10TH ST STREET

W10 ST

WML STSTJR. BLVD EML KING ST ST WML KING EML KING M LKING KING, Street Trees •

E6 ST

empty lot

W12 ST

EPB

W8 ST

Tivoli Theater

E5 ST

Elkins Building

W8 ST8TH STREET

W7STST E7 7TH STREET W12 ST

E6 ST 6TH STREET

W6 ST

W7W7 ST ST

TVAFCU

CWC/ Bancorp South Street Trees •

E 3 ST E4 ST

W AQU WAY

Regions Bank

Chattanooga Public Library

Street Trees •

• Parking Lanes

Street Trees •

TVA

• Parking Lanes

Street Trees •

• Sidewalks

Buildings •

• Sidewalks

Buildings •

• Sidewalks

Buildings •

• Sidewalks

Buildings •

• Sidewalks

Buildings •

Lighting •

• Public Art

Lighting •

• Public Art

Lighting •

• Public Art

Lighting •

• Public Art

Lighting •

• Public Art

Lighting •

Bike Lanes •

E12 ST

Buildings •

• Public Seating

BR-06 600 Broad Street street section type B weighted 5 treetscape score

Bike Lanes •

• Public Seating

BR-07 700 Broad Street street section type B weighted 4.4 streetscape score

Bike Lanes •

• Public Seating

BR-08 800 Broad Street street section type B weighted 6.4 streetscape score

Bike Lanes •

• Public Seating

BR-09

Bike Lanes •

• Public Seating

900 Broad Street

1000 Broad Street

street section type C

street section type C

weighted 3 streetscape score

• Sidewalks • Public Art

Bike Lanes •

BR-10

• Parking Lanes

• Public Seating

BR-11 1100 Broad Street street section type D

weighted 5.2 streetscape score

weighted 6.6 streetscape score

percent of 66% frontage built

percent of 90% frontage built

percent of 76% frontage built

percent of 73% frontage built

frontage suitable 60% for retail

frontage suitable 75% for retail

frontage suitable 60% for retail

frontage suitable 50% for retail

frontage suitable 0% for retail

frontage suitable 0% for retail

average building 4 height

average building 5.8 height

average building 4.4 height

average building 8.5 height

average building 4 height

average building 5.6 height

travel lanes 4 right-of-way width 120 ft. roadway width 96 ft.

travel lanes 4 right-of-way width 120 ft. roadway width 93 ft.

travel lanes 5

travel lanes 4

percent of 48% frontage built

percent of 75% frontage built

travel lanes 5

travel lanes 4

right-of-way width 120 ft.

right-of-way width 83 ft.

right-of-way width 82 ft.

right-of-way width 80 ft.

roadway width 94.5 ft.

roadway width 54 ft.

roadway width 56 ft.

roadway width 58 ft.

BROAD STREET

Cityscapes

I

Streetscape Inventory

33







 120’ Right of Way 96’ Curb to Curb

BROAD STREET SECTION TYPES 34

CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO



Section B





Section A









120’ Right of Way 96’ Curb to Curb









Section C

82’ Right of Way

56’ Curb to Curb

Section D

82’ Right of Way

56’ Curb to Curb

BROAD STREET SECTION TYPES

Cityscapes

I

Streetscape Inventory

35

e 3rd st.

e aq. way

bridge

Jacks Liquors

e 3rd st.

e aq. way

bridge

100 Market Building

a

a

a

Johnson Group

Parking Garage

empty lot

market street a a

Travel Lane Street Parking Bike Lane Street Trees Sidewalk Lighting Facade Transparency Building Massing

Mostly Present Partly Present Mostly Absent

Big River Brewing

Street Trees •

e 4th st.

• Parking Lanes

Street Trees e 5th st. •

6TH STREET

5TH STREET

4TH STREET

Street Trees • e 6th st.• Parking Lanes

Buehler’s e 7th st. Trees • Street

Market Court • Parking Lanes

Street Trees •

• Sidewalks

Buildings •

• Sidewalks

Buildings •

• Sidewalks

Buildings •

• Sidewalks

Buildings •

Lighting •

• Public Art

Lighting •

• Public Art

Lighting •

• Public Art

Lighting •

• Public Art

Lighting •

• Public Seating

MA-01 100 Market Street street section type A weighted 6.4 streetscape score

Bike Lanes •

• Public Seating

MA-02 200 Market Street

300 Market Street weighted 6 streetscape score

frontage suitable 44% for retail

average building 2.3 height

average building 1.6 height travel lanes 5 right-of-way width 98 ft. roadway width 69.5 ft.

MARKET STREET CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO

MA-03

weighted 6 streetscape score

frontage suitable 57% for retail

roadway width 69 ft.

• Public Seating

street section type A

percent of 44% frontage built

travel lanes 5

Bike Lanes •

street section type A

percent of 75% frontage built

right-of-way width 95 ft.

36

e 6th st.

b

Chattanooga Lifestyle Center

• Parking Lanes

e 5th st.

Buildings •

Bike Lanes •

a

e 5th st.

e 4th st.

a

a

Puckett’s

e 4th st.

e 4th st.

e 3rd st.

e aq. way

bridge

Legend

3RD STREET

1ST STREET

AQUARIUM WAY

a

a

a

a

percent of 100% frontage built

Bike Lanes •

• Public Seating

MA-04 400 Market Street street section type A weighted 5.6 streetscape score

• Parking Lanes • Sidewalks • Public Art

Bike Lanes •

• Public Seating

MA-05 500 Market Street street section type A weighted 5.6 streetscape score

percent of 76% frontage built

percent of 45% frontage built

frontage suitable 33% for retail

frontage suitable 68% for retail

frontage suitable for 32% retail

average building 1.6 height

average building 1.6 height

travel lanes 4 right-of-way width 98 ft. roadway width 68 ft.

travel lanes 5 right-of-way width 100 ft. roadway width 69 ft.

average building 3.4 height travel lanes 4 right-of-way width 101 ft. roadway width 69 ft.

e 6th st.

e 7th st. e 8th st.

e 4th st.

County Courts Building

700 Block

Miller Plaza

bc

Miller Park

Warehouse Row

b

aa

cc

a a

bc

Park Plaza Building

b

e 8th st.

11TH STREET

e mlk blvd. e mlk blvd.

e 8th st.

e 7th st.

10TH STREET

e 7th st.

e 7th st.

e 6th st.

M L KING, JR. BLVD

8TH STREET

7TH STREET

6TH STREET

houston st.

e 11th st.

e 11th st.st. e 11th

10thst.st. e e10th

b

b

Region’s Bank Street Trees •

• Parking Lanes

Buildings •

• Sidewalks

Lighting •

• Public Art

Bike Lanes •

houston st.

TVFCU

• Public Seating

600 Market Street weighted 7 streetscape score

houston st.

Street Trees •

• Parking Lanes

Street Trees •

• Parking Lanes

• Parking Lanes

Street Trees •

• Parking Lanes

Street Trees •

• Sidewalks

Buildings •

• Sidewalks

Buildings •

• Sidewalks

Buildings •

Lighting •

• Public Art

Lighting •

• Public Art

Lighting •

• Public Art

Lighting •

• Public Art

Lighting •

e 11th st.

Bike Lanes •

• Public Seating

MA-07 700 Market Street street section type B weighted 4.4 streetscape score

Bike Lanes •

• Public Seating

MA-08 800 Market Street street section type A weighted 6.2 streetscape score percent of 57% frontage built

frontage suitable 51% for retail

frontage suitable 67% for retail

frontage suitable 50% for retail

average building 3.9 height

average building 6.5 height

average building 3.2 height

roadway width 50 ft.

Street Trees •

TVA

Buildings •

percent of 98% frontage built

travel lanes 4

Puckett’s

• Sidewalks

percent of 74% frontage built

right-of-way width 99.5 ft.

EPB

e 11th st.

Buildings •

MA-06 street section type B

Fischer Evans Jewelry

travel lanes 4 right-of-way width 100 ft. roadway width 50 ft.

travel lanes 4

Bike Lanes •

• Public Seating

MA-09 900 Market Street street section type C weighted s 6.4 treetscape score percent of 100% frontage built

Bike Lanes •

• Public Seating

weighted 5.6 streetscape score

• Public Art • Public Seating

MA-11

1000 Market Street street section type A

• Sidewalks

Bike Lanes •

MA-10

• Parking Lanes

1100 Market Street street section type B weighted 6 streetscape score

percent of 50% frontage built

percent of 89% frontage built

frontage suitable 85% for retail

frontage suitable 50% for retail

frontage suitable 47% for retail

average building 7.3 height

average building 6.7 height

average building 5.6 height

travel lanes 5

travel lanes 5

travel lanes 4

right-of-way width 100 ft.

right-of-way width 100 ft.

right-of-way width 100 ft.

right-of-way width 96 ft.

roadway width 52.5 ft.

roadway width 53.5 ft.

roadway width 65.5 ft.

roadway width 45 ft.

MARKET STREET

Cityscapes

I

Streetscape Inventory

37

Section A

100’ Right of Way 70’ Curb to Curb

MARKET STREET SECTION TYPES 38

CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO

Section B

100’ Right of Way 50’ Curb to Curb

Section C

100’ Right of Way 70’ Curb to Curb

MARKET STREET SECTION TYPES

Cityscapes

I

Streetscape Inventory

39

Bike Lanes •

Buildings •

• Public Art

Lighting •

• Public Seating

Bike Lanes •

Buildings •

• Public Art

Lighting •

• Parking Lanes

• Public Art

Bike Lanes •

• Public Seating

CR-02

CR-03

100 Cherry Street

200 Cherry Street

300 Cherry Street

weighted 2 streetscape score percent of 47% frontage built

street section type E weighted 2.6 streetscape score percent of 84% frontage built

street section type C weighted 2 streetscape score percent of 0% frontage built

frontage suitable 7% for retail

frontage suitable 0% for retail

frontage suitable 0% for retail

average building 5 height

average building 3 height

average building 0 height

travel lanes 2

travel lanes 2

travel lanes 2

right-of-way width 42 ft.

right-of-way width 40 ft.

roadway width 24 ft.

roadway width 24 ft.

CHERRY STREET CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO

right-of-way width 40 ft. roadway width 25.5 ft.

E 3 ST

UNUM

E 6 ST 6TH STREETE 6 ST

E 5 ST5TH STREET E 5 ST

Don Close Building Street Trees •

• Sidewalks

E 3 ST

E AQU WAY

E 1 ST

E 4 ST E 4 ST4TH STREET E 4 ST Street Trees •

• Sidewalks

• Public Seating

E 7 ST

empty lot

CR-01 street section type F

40

• Parking Lanes

E 4 ST

E 3 ST 3RD STREET E 3 ST Street Trees •

• Sidewalks

E AQU WAY

E 1 ST Lighting •

Cherry Street Townhouses

E 6 ST

E 5 ST • Parking Lanes

UNUM Garage

E 7 ST

Street Trees • Buildings •

E 5 ST

E 4 ST

Mostly Present Partly Present Mostly Absent

empty lot

empty lot

E 6 ST

E 1 ST E 1 ST 1ST STREET

Travel Lane Street Parking Bike Lane Street Trees Sidewalk Lighting Facade Transparency Building Massing E 4 ST

Legend

Cherry Street Townhouses

E AQU WAY E AQU WAY AQUARIUM WAY

Museum Bluffs Condominium

empty lot

• Parking Lanes

Street Trees •

Buildings •

• Sidewalks

Buildings •

Lighting •

• Public Art

Lighting •

Bike Lanes •

• Public Seating

CR-04 400 Cherry Street street section type C weighted 4.4 streetscape score percent of 59% frontage built

• Parking Lanes • Sidewalks • Public Art

Bike Lanes •

• Public Seating

CR-05 500 Cherry Street street section type B, D weighted 3.4 streetscape score percent of 47% frontage built

frontage suitable 0% for retail

frontage suitable 0% for retail

average building 4.1 height

average building 3 height

travel lanes 2 right-of-way width 60 ft. roadway width 39.5 ft.

travel lanes 2 right-of-way width 60 ft. roadway width 38.5 ft.

E 4 ST

County Court Street Trees •

Chattanooga Billiards Club • Parking Lanes

Smart Bank

ST STREETE 8 ST E 8 8TH

E 7 ST E 7 ST 7TH STREET E 7 ST E 7 ST

River Street Architecture

Street Trees •

• Parking Lanes

MLK ST

M L KING, JR. BLVD

E 4 ST

E 3 ST E 6 ST6TH STREET E 6 ST

E 3 ST

Courts Garage

Loveman’s Building Street Trees •

Buildings •

• Sidewalks

Buildings •

• Sidewalks

Buildings •

Lighting •

• Public Art

Lighting •

• Public Art

Lighting •

Bike Lanes •

• Public Seating

Bike Lanes •

CR-06

CR-07

600 Cherry Street street section type C weighted streets- 4.6 cape score

• Public Seating

700 Cherry Street street section type B weighted streets- 4.4 cape score

• Parking Lanes • Sidewalks • Public Art

Bike Lanes •

• Public Seating

CR-08 800 Cherry Street street section type A, B weighted streets- 3.6 cape score

percent of frontage 83% built

percent of front- 85% age built

percent of front- 49% age built

frontage suitable 0% for retail

frontage suitable 76% for retail

frontage suitable 28% for retail

average building 4.1 height

average building 3.3 height

average building 5.3 height

travel lanes 2

travel lanes 2

right-of-way width 60 ft.

right-of-way width 60 ft.

roadway width 39 ft.

roadway width 41 ft.

travel lanes 2 right-of-way width 60 ft. roadway width 37.5 ft.

CHERRY STREET

Cityscapes

I

Streetscape Inventory

41

Section A

Section C

60’ Right of Way 40’ Curb to Curb

60’ Right of Way 40’ Curb to Curb

CHERRY STREET SECTION TYPES 42

CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO

Section B

60’ Right of Way 40’ Curb to Curb

Section D

60’ Right of Way 40’ Curb to Curb

Section E

40’ Right of Way 24’ Curb to Curb

CHERRY STREET SECTION TYPES

Cityscapes

I

Streetscape Inventory

43

E 6 ST

E 5 ST

E 4 ST

E 4 ST

CS-02

E 6 ST

E 4 ST

E 3 ST

E 4 ST

E 3 ST

W AQU WAY W AQU WAY

CS-01

CS-03

CS-04

CS-05

CHESTNUT STREET

E 7 ST

E 6 ST E 6 ST

E 7 ST

LK WM

E 5 ST

WML KING ST

ST W8

E 4 ST

E 4 ST

Travel Lane Street Parking Bike Lane Street Trees Sidewalk Lighting Facade Transparency Building Massing

ING

ST

Legend

CA-09

CA-10

CH ST

MA ST

BR ST

BR ST

S W8

T

CARTER STREET

7W-01

7W-00

CH ST

BR ST

BR ST

7W-02

MA ST

7th

7E-00

7E-01

7TH STREET

H ST

A ST

R ST

CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO R ST

44

7E-02

8W-02

8W-01 8W-00 CH ST

W8 ST

8E-00

NG S

L KI

CS-08 WM

T

W7 ST E 7 ST

CS-07

CH ST

MA ST

BR ST

BR ST

CS-06

MA ST

BR ST

BR ST

E 6 ST

CH ST

MA ST

BR ST

BR ST

BR ST

WML KING ST

CH ST

W8 ST

MA ST

E 7 STW7 ST BR ST

E 6 ST

7th

CHESTNUT STREET

8th

8E-01

8TH STREET

Cityscapes I Streetscape Inventory 45

46 TO N ST

ST

10E-01

US

CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO

10E-00 MA

ST

GIA AVE

ST MA

BR

ST

CH

T S MA

ST

GIA

AVE

GEORGIA AVE

OR

MA ST

ST

BR ST

BR

GE

KE-01

10E-02 KING ST

HOUSTON ST

LINDSAY ST

GEORGIA AVE

OR

GE

MA ST

KE-00

HO

10TH STREET MA ST

MLK BLVD KW-00

SAY

10W-00 T

Legend

S BR

ST

BR ST

KW-01

LIN D

10W-01 BR

BR ST

KW-02 KE-02

Travel Lane Street Parking Bike Lane Street Trees Sidewalk Lighting Facade Transparency Building Massing

S MA

T

BR

ST

ST

T YS ERR CH

CHERRY ST

MA ST

ST MA

BR ST

CH ST

CH

GEORGIA AVE

ST BR

S MA

US TO N

HO

ST

11E-00 DS AY ST

11TH STREET 11W-00 LIN

11W-01 11E-02

Cityscapes

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CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO

Conclusion and Next Steps Reflections on Part One Cityscapes is a portrait-in-progress of a downtown that is undergoing rapid growth. The project seeks to create a foundation of fact and analysis- a common ground for the many ongoing conversations guiding the growth of the city.

Cityscapes must take a holistic view: it must be comprehensive of all aspects of the downtown, and it must also be a principled process that unites many disparate actions within a shared vision of the goals and purposes that our downtown serves. That is, we must put our values into words and discuss them with each other. And we must connect our values to the concrete features and processes of the built environment.

Cityscapes relies on a categorization of the city into public and private spheres of activity and is primarily concerned with the public realm. Public and private will never be perfectly separate, and in fact it is common to characterize the city as a place where public and private concerns are productively mingled. We find private businesses relying upon and benefiting from public amenities like streets, and we also find the private sector making significant contributions to the vitality of the street. ‘Private contributions to the public realm’ is an awkward phrase, but describes a significant factor in the growth and character of cities. Individual accomplishments, like constructing a beautiful building facade, or planting a garden visible from the street, enrich the public realm in ways that no amount of public sector effort could.

That said, the responsibility for most of of the public realm rests with local government, which owns and maintains our streets, public facilities, and parks. In the ideal, every part of the city should be built in such a manner as to sustain the community’s deepest purposes and values. Concerning public amenities managed by local government, this ideal emerges as an imperative. We are all responsible for ensuring that public resources are used to increase the common good.

The city, considered physically, consists of many various parts which cannot be perfectly categorized. It is a complex system, made complex by the semi-independent contributions of many different people and organizations, and by the persistence of many of its physical elements over different time frames. Any systematic study of a city must consider as many aspects of the city as it can.

Next Steps As the Cityscapes project proceeds, we will continue to add new layers to the portrait of Chattanooga’s downtown.

We plan to include at least the following topics: Parks and Social Spaces; Landmarks; Streetscape Types; Building Types; Redevelopment Opportunities; and Cultural Heritage and Memories.

The Chattanooga Design Studio welcomes the participation of residents and local organizations. We will host a series of workshops to further develop the Cityscapes study; and we welcome any suggestions or collaborations.

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