NACE MR0175- Carbon Steel Written Exam Part:1

Understanding NACE MR0175-Carbon Steel Written Exam NACE MR0175 C b St NACE-MR0175-Carbon Steell -001 001

Reading 1 (Part 1 Complete)

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NACE MR0175 Oil And Gas Production Industry Certified User UserCarbon Steel

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Oil And Gas Production Industry

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Oil And Gas Production Industry

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Oil And Gas Production Industry

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闭门练功

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闭门练功

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NACE MR0175 MR0175-Carbon Carbon Steel Written Exam NACE-MR0175-Carbon Steel -001 Exam Preparation Guide May 2017

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NACE MR0175-Carbon Steel W i Written Exam E NACE-MR0175-Carbon Steel -001 Exam Preparation Guide May 2017

Introduction The MR0175-Carbon Steel written exam is designed g to assess whether a candidate has the requisite knowledge and skills that a minimally qualified MR0175 Certified User- Carbon Steel must possess. The exam comprises 50 multiple-choice questions that are based on the MR0175 Standard (Parts 1 and 2).

multiple-choice p Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

https://www.naceinstitute.org/uploadedFiles/Certification/Specialty_Program/MR0175-Carbon-Steel-EPG.pdf

EXAM BOK Suggested Study Material  NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 Standard (20171015-OK)  EFC 17  NACE TM0177  NACE TM0198 NACE TM0316 Books  Introductory Handbook for NACE MR0175

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READING#1 The MR0175 Standard.

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NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 Standard

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International Standard ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-1:2015 Petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H2S containing environments in oil and gas production — Part 1: General principles for selection of cracking-resistant materials An American National Standard Approved November 23, 2015 Item No. 21307

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Contents Foreword F d Introduction p 1. Scope 2. Normative references 3. Terms and definitions 4 Abbreviated terms 4.

5. General principles 6. Evaluation and definition of service conditions to enable material selection 7. Selection of materials resistant to SSC/SCC in the presence of sulfides from existing lists and tables 8 Qualification of materials for H2S service 8.

9. Report of the method of selection or qualification Bibliography

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ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 consists of the following parts, under the general title: Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H2S containing environments in oil and gas production: -

Part 1: General principles for selection of cracking-resistant materials Part 2: Cracking resistant carbon and low-alloy steels, and the use of cast irons Part 3: Cracking resistant CRAs (corrosion resistant alloys) and other alloys

KeyPoints: cracking resistant materials  selection of cracking-resistant  Materials for use in H2S

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Introduction The consequences of sudden failures of metallic oil and gas field components components, associated with their exposure to H2S-containing production fluids, led to the preparation of the first edition of ANSI/NACE MR0175, which was published in 1975 by the National Association of Corrosion Engineers Engineers, now known as NACE International International.

The original and subsequent editions of ANSI/NACE MR0175 established limits of H2S partial pressure above which precautions against sulfide stress cracking (SSC) were always l considered id d necessary. Th They also l provided id d guidance id ffor th the selection l ti and d specification of SSC-resistant materials when the H2S thresholds were exceeded.

In more recent editions, NACE MR0175 has also provided application limits for some corrosion-resistant alloys (CRA) , in terms of; ((1)) environmental composition p and (2) pH, (3) temperature, and (4) H2S partial pressures.

In separate developments, the European Federation of Corrosion issued EFC Publication 16 in 1995 and EFC Publication 17 in 1996 1996. These documents are generally complementary to those of NACE though they differed in scope and detail.

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In more recent editions, NACE MR0175 has also provided application limits for some corrosion-resistant corrosion resistant alloys (CRA) , in terms of; (1) environmental composition and (2) pH, (3) temperature, temperature and (4) H2S partial pressures.

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In separate developments, the European Federation of Corrosion issued EFC Publication 16 in 1995 and EFC Publication 17 in 1996.

These documents are generally complementary to those of NACE though they differed in scope and detail. detail

NOT in BOK

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In separate developments, the European Federation of Corrosion issued EFC Publication 16 in 1995 and EFC Publication 17 in 1996.

These documents are generally complementary to those of NACE though they differed in scope and detail. detail

In BOK

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In more recent editions, NACE MR0175 has also provided application limits for some corrosion-resistant alloys, in terms of (1) environmental composition and (2) pH, (3) temperature, and (4) H2S partial pressures pressures.

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In 2003, the publication of the three parts of ISO 15156 and ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 was completed for the first time time. These technically identical documents utilized the above sources to provide requirements and recommendations for materials qualification and selection for application in environments containing wet H2S in oil and gas production systems systems. They are complemented by NACE TM0177 and NACE TM0284 test methods.

The revision re ision of this part of ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 involves in ol es a consolidation of all changes agreed and published in the Technical Circular 1, ANSI/NACE MR0175/ ISO 15156-1:2009/Cir.1:2014(E), published by the ISO 15156 Maintenance Agency secretariat i at DIN DIN. The changes were developed by, and approved by the ballot of, representative groups from within the oil and gas production industry. The great majority of these changes stem from issues raised by document users. A description of the process by which these changes g were approved pp can be found at the ISO 15156 maintenance website www.iso.org/iso15156maintenance .

Note: TM0177-2016, Laboratory Testing of Metals for Resistance to Sulfide Stress Cracking and Stress Corrosion Cracking in H2S Environments TM0284-2016, Evaluation of Pipeline and Pressure Vessel Steels for Resistance to Hydrogen-Induced Cracking

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Note:  TM0177-2016, Laboratory Testing of Metals for Resistance to Sulfide Stress Cracking and Stress Corrosion Cracking in H2S Environments  ANSI/NACE TM0284-2016, TM0284 2016 Evaluation of Pipeline and Pressure Vessel Steels for Resistance to Hydrogen-Induced Cracking

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Sulfide Stress Cracking in H2S Environments

Corrosion C i under d anaerobic bi condition diti commonly l ffound d iin oilfield ilfi ld production: Anode: Fe + H2O → Fe2+ + 2e- + H2O Cathode: H2S + H2O → H+ + HS- + H2O HS- + H2O → H+ + S2- + H2O

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TM0177-2016, Laboratory Testing of Metals for Resistance to Sulfide g and Stress Corrosion Cracking g in H2S Environments Stress Cracking

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TM0177-2016, Laboratory Testing of Metals for Resistance to Sulfide g and Stress Corrosion Cracking g in H2S Environments Stress Cracking

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TM0177-2016, Laboratory Testing of Metals for Resistance to Sulfide g and Stress Corrosion Cracking g in H2S Environments Stress Cracking

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TM0177-2016, Laboratory Testing of Metals for Resistance to Sulfide g and Stress Corrosion Cracking g in H2S Environments?

Stress Cracking

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ANSI/NACE TM0284-2016, Evaluation of Pipeline and Pressure Vessel Steels for Resistance to Hydrogen Hydrogen-Induced Induced Cracking

TM0284 2016 TM0284-2016

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When found necessary by oil and gas production industry experts, future interim changes to this part of ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 will be processed in the same way and will lead to interim updates to this part of ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 in the form of Technical Corrigenda* or Technical Circulars. * An erratum or corrigendum (plurals: errata, corrigenda) (comes from Latin: errata corrige) is a correction of a published text.

Document users should be aware that such documents can exist and can impact the validity of the dated references in this part of ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156.

The ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 Maintenance Agency at DIN was set up after approval by the ISO Technical Management Board given in document 34/2007. This d document t describes d ib th the makeup k off th the agency, which hi h iincludes l d experts t ffrom NACE NACE, EFC, and ISO/TC 67, and the process for approval of amendments. It is available from the ISO 15156 maintenance Web site and from the ISO/TC 67 Secretariat. The Web site also provides access to related documents that provide more detail on ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 maintenance activities.

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DIN: Deutsches Institut fĂźr Normung e.V. (DIN; in English, the German Institute for Standardization)

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Oil And Gas Production Industry

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Oil And Gas Production Industry

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Oil & Gas P Produc ction- N New & IIn-Serv vice

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Petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H2S-containing environments

in oil and gas production

Part 1: General principles for selection of cracking-resistant materials An American National Standard Approved November 23, 2015

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—

Petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H2S-containing environments

in oil and gas production

Part 1: General principles for selection of cracking-resistant materials An American National Standard Approved November 23, 2015

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—

Petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H2S-containing environments

in oil and gas production

Part 1: General principles for selection of cracking-resistant materials An American National Standard Approved November 23, 2015

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—

Petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H2S-containing environments

in oil and gas production

Part 1: General principles for selection of cracking-resistant materials An American National Standard Approved November 23, 2015

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—

Petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H2S-containing environments

in oil and gas production

Part 1: General principles for selection of cracking-resistant materials An American National Standard Approved November 23, 2015

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—

NOT MR0175 NACE MR0103 is a new standard entitled "Materials Materials Resistant to Sulfide Stress Cracking in Corrosive Petroleum Refining Environments."

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NOT MR0175 NACE MR0103 is a new standard entitled "Materials Materials Resistant to Sulfide Stress Cracking in Corrosive Petroleum Refining Environments."

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Petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H2S-containing S containing environments in oil and gas production — Part 1: General principles for selection of cracking-resistant materials WARNING — Metallic materials selected using ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 are resistant to cracking in defined H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production but not necessarily immune to cracking under all service conditions. It is the equipment user's responsibility to select materials suitable for the intended service.

Keywords: defined H2S S-containing containing environments not necessarily immune to cracking under all service conditions.

Keywords: - Defined D fi d environment i t (pH, pH2S , temperature, Env. Composition) ( ) - Service condition (?)

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Keywords: ď ą defined H2S-containing S containing environments ď ą not necessarily immune to cracking under all service conditions.

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1 Scope This partt off ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 describes Thi d ib generall principles i i l and d gives i requirements and recommendations for the selection and qualification of metallic materials for service in equipment used in (1) oil and gas production and in (2) natural-gas sweetening plants in H2S-containing environments, where the failure of such equipment can pose a risk to the health and safety of the public and personnel or to the environment.

It can be applied to help to avoid costly corrosion damage to the equipment itself.

It supplements, but does not replace, the materials requirements given in the appropriate design codes codes, standards standards, or regulations regulations.

My notes: -

Health & safety Environmental Cost

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Natural-gas Sweetening Plants https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amine_gas_treating

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Natural-gas Sweetening Plants https://en wikipedia org/wiki/Amine gas treating https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amine_gas_treating

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Natural-gas Sweetening Plants

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Natural-gas Sweetening Plants

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Natural-gas Sweetening Plants https://en wikipedia org/wiki/Amine gas treating https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amine_gas_treating

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Natural-gas Sweetening Plants https://en wikipedia org/wiki/Amine gas treating https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amine_gas_treating

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Natural-gas Sweetening Plants https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amine_gas_treating https://en wikipedia org/wiki/Amine gas CO2 treating Gases containing H2S or both H2S and are commonly referred https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amine_gas_treating to as sour gases or acid gases in the hydrocarbon processing industries.

The chemistry involved in the amine treating of such gases varies somewhat with the particular amine being used. For one of the more common amines, monoethanolamine (MEA) denoted as RNH2, the chemistry may be expressed as: RNH2 + H2S ⇔ RNH3+ + HSA typical amine gas treating process (the Girbotol process, as shown in the flow diagram below) includes an absorber unit and a regenerator unit as well as accessory equipment. In the absorber, the downflowing amine solution absorbs H2S and CO2 from the upflowing sour gas to produce a sweetened gas stream (i (i.e., e a gas free of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide) as a product and an amine solution rich in the absorbed acid gases. The resultant "rich" amine is then routed into the regenerator (a stripper with a reboiler) to produce regenerated or "lean" amine that is recycled for reuse in the absorber The stripped overhead gas from the regenerator is absorber. concentrated H2S and CO2.

CH2 Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

CH2

This part of ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 addresses all mechanisms of cracking that can be caused by H2S, S including; 1.

2 2.

3.

4.

5 5.

6.

7.

sulfide stress cracking, (SSC) stress corrosion cracking, cracking (SCC) hydrogen-induced cracking and (HIC) stepwise cracking, (SWC) stress-oriented t i t dh hydrogen-induced d i d d cracking, ki (SOHIC) soft zone cracking, and (SZC) galvanically induced hydrogen stress cracking. (HSC)

Table 1 provides a non-exhaustive list of equipment to which this part of ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 is i applicable, li bl including i l di permitted itt d exclusions. l i

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This part of ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 addresses all mechanisms of cracking that can be caused by H2S, including; 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

sulfide stress cracking, (SSC) stress corrosion cracking, (SCC) hydrogen-induced cracking and (HIC) stepwise cracking, (SWC) stress-oriented hydrogen-induced cracking, (SOHIC) soft zone cracking, and (SZC) galvanically induced hydrogen stress cracking. (HSC)

Examples of SSC observed in the heat affected zone. A, Type I; B, Type II.

http://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/published-papers/susceptibility-to-sohic-for-linepipe-andpressure-vessel-steels-review-of-current-knowledge-march-2007/ Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

This part of ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 addresses all mechanisms of cracking that can be caused by H2S, including; 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

sulfide stress cracking, (SSC) stress corrosion cracking, (SCC) hydrogen-induced cracking and (HIC) stepwise cracking, (SWC) stress-oriented hydrogen-induced cracking, (SOHIC) soft zone cracking, and (SZC) galvanically induced hydrogen stress cracking. (HSC)

Soft Zone Formation (a) Lath martensitic structure in modified 9Cr-1Mo base metal, (b) recovered sub-grain structure in inter-critical HAZ and (c) Z-phase in the inter-critical HAZ http://www.igcar.ernet.in/benchmark/science/11-sci.pdf

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This part of ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 addresses all mechanisms of cracking that can be caused by H2S, including; 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

sulfide stress cracking, (SSC) stress corrosion cracking, (SCC) hydrogen-induced cracking and (HIC) stepwise cracking, (SWC) stress-oriented hydrogen-induced cracking, (SOHIC) soft zone cracking, and (SZC) galvanically induced hydrogen stress cracking. (HSC)

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

This part of ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 addresses all mechanisms of cracking that can be caused by H2S, including; 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

sulfide stress cracking, (SSC) stress corrosion cracking, (SCC) hydrogen-induced cracking and (HIC) stepwise cracking, (SWC) stress-oriented hydrogen-induced cracking, (SOHIC) soft zone cracking, and (SZC) galvanically induced hydrogen stress cracking. (HSC)

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

This part of ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 addresses all mechanisms of cracking that can be caused by H2S, including; 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

sulfide stress cracking, (SSC) stress corrosion cracking, (SCC) hydrogen-induced cracking and (HIC) stepwise cracking, (SWC) stress-oriented hydrogen-induced cracking, (SOHIC) soft zone cracking, and (SZC) galvanically induced hydrogen stress cracking. (HSC)

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This part of ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 applies to the (1) qualification and (2) selection of materials for equipment designed and constructed using load controlled design methods. For design utilizing strain based design methods, see Clause 5.

Keywords: ď ą load controlled design methods (Stress Method of Design ?) ď ą strain based design methods This part of ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 is not necessarily applicable to equipment used in refining or downstream processes and equipment.

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This part of ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 is not necessarily applicable to equipment i t used d in i refining fi i or downstream processes and equipment. q p

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This part of ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 is not necessarily applicable to equipment i t used d in i refining fi i or downstream processes and equipment. q p

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Table 1 — List of equipment

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Table 1 — List of equipment

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Wells, including subsurface equipment, gas-lift equipment wellheads, equipment, wellheads and christmas trees

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Wells, including subsurface equipment, gas-lift equipment wellheads, equipment, wellheads and christmas trees

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Permitted Exclusion: Surface and Intermediate Casing

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Permitted Exclusion: Surface and Intermediate Casing

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Wells, including subsurface equipment, gas-lift equipment, wellheads, and christmas trees

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Work String: A generic term used to describe a tubing string used to convey a treatment or for well service activities. Both coiled and jointed tubing strings are referred to as work strings.

Wire Line: A general term used to describe well-intervention operations conducted using single-strand or multistrand wire or cable for intervention in oil or gas wells wells. Although applied inconsistently inconsistently, the term commonly is used in association with electric logging and cables incorporating electrical conductors. Similarly, the term slickline is commonly used to differentiate operations performed with single-strand wire or braided lines.

Slips: A device used to grip the drillstring in a relatively nondamaging manner and suspend it in the rotary table.

Riser: A large-diameter g pipe p p that connects the subsea BOP stack to a floating g surface rig g to take mud returns to the surface. Without the riser, the mud would simply spill out of the top of the stack onto the seafloor. The riser might be loosely considered a temporary extension of the wellbore to the surface.

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http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Terms/w/work_string.aspx

Permitted E l i Exclusion: Wireline

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Permitted Exclusion: Wireline

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Permitted Exclusion: Wi li Wireline

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Permitted Exclusion: Wi li Wireline

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Permitted Exclusion: D illi Riser Drilling Ri System S t

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Permitted Exclusion: Drilling Riser System:

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Permitted Exclusion: Drilling Riser System

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Permitted Exclusion: Drilling Riser System

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2 Normative references The ffollowing Th ll i d documents, t iin whole h l or iin part, t are normatively ti l referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For pp For undated references,, the dated references,, onlyy the edition cited applies. latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. (conforming to or based on norms )

 ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2:2015, 15156 2:2015 Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production — Part 2: Cracking-resistant carbon and low alloy steels, and the use of cast irons  ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-3:2015, 15156 3:2015 Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production — Part 3: Cracking-resistant CRAs (corrosion resistant alloys) and other alloys

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3 Terms and definitions F the For th purposes off this thi d document, t th the ffollowing ll i tterms and dd definitions fi iti apply. l 3.1 blowout preventer BOP mechanical device capable of containing pressure, used for control of well fluids and drilling fluids during drilling operations 3.2 braze, verb jjoin metals by y flowing g a thin layer y ((of capillary p y thickness)) of a lower-melting-point gp nonferrous filler metal in the space between them 3.3 carbon steel alloy of carbon and iron containing up to 2 % mass fraction carbon and up to 1.65 % mass fraction manganese and residual quantities of other elements, except those intentionally added in specific quantities for deoxidation (usually silicon and/or aluminium) Note 1 to entry: Carbon steels used in the petroleum industry usually contain less than 0.8 % mass fraction carbon.

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3.3 carbon steel alloy of carbon and iron containing up to 2 % mass fraction carbon and up to 1 1.65 65 % mass fraction manganese and residual quantities of other elements, except those intentionally added in specific quantities for deoxidation (usually silicon and/or aluminium) Note 1 to entry: Carbon steels used in the petroleum industry usually contain less than 0 8 % mass fraction carbon 0.8 carbon.

C 2% Mn + Residual of others 1.65 upto

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upto

3.4 christmas tree equipment at a wellhead for the control of fluid production or injection 3.5 cold work, verb deform metal plastically under conditions of temperature and strain rate that induce strain hardening, usually, but not necessarily, conducted at room temperature 3.6 3 6 corrosion corrosion-resistant resistant alloy allo CRA alloy intended to be resistant to general and localized corrosion of oilfield environments that h are corrosive i to carbon b steels l (3.3) (3 3) 3.7 ferrite body-centred cubic crystalline phase of iron-based alloys 3.8 ferritic steel steel whose microstructure (3.15) at room temperature consists predominantly of ferrite (3.7)

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3.9 hardness resistance of metal to plastic deformation deformation, usually measured by indentation 3.10 heat-affected zone HAZ portion of the base metal that is not melted during brazing, cutting, or welding, but whose microstructure (3.15) and properties are altered by the heat of these processes 3.11 heat treatment heating and cooling a solid metal or alloy in such a way as to obtain desired properties Note 1 to entry: Heating for the sole purpose of hot working is not considered heat treatment.

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3.12 hydrogen-induced cracking HIC planar cracking that occurs in carbon and low alloy steels when atomic hydrogen diffuses into the steel and then combines to form molecular hydrogen at trap sites Note 1 to entry: Cracking results from the pressurization of trap sites by hydrogen. No externally applied stress is required for the formation of hydrogen-induced cracks. Trap sites capable of causing HIC are commonly found in steels with high impurity levels that have a high density of planar inclusions and/or regions of anomalous microstructure (3.15)(e.g. banding) produced by segregation of impurity and alloying elements in the steel. This form of hydrogen-induced cracking is not related to welding.

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3.12 hydrogen-induced cracking HIC planar cracking that occurs in carbon and low alloy steels when atomic hydrogen diffuses into the steel and then combines to form molecular hydrogen at trap sites Note 1 to entry: Cracking results from the pressurization of trap sites by hydrogen. No externally applied stress is required for the formation of hydrogen-induced cracks. Trap sites capable of causing HIC are commonly found in steels with high impurity levels that have a

anomalous microstructure (3.15)(e.g. banding) produced by segregation of impurity and alloying elements in the steel. This form of hydrogeninduced cracking is not related to welding. high density of planar inclusions and/or regions of

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3.12 hydrogen-induced cracking HIC planar cracking that occurs in carbon and low alloy steels when atomic hydrogen diffuses into the steel and then combines to form molecular hydrogen at trap sites Note 1 to entry: Cracking results from the pressurization of trap sites by hydrogen. No externally applied stress is required for the formation of hydrogen-induced cracks. Trap sites capable of causing

anomalous microstructure (3.15)(e.g. b di ) produced banding) d db by segregation ti off iimpurity it and d alloying ll i elements l t iin th the steel. t l Thi This fform off hydrogen-induced cracking is not related to welding.

HIC are commonly found in steels with high impurity levels that have a high density of planar inclusions and/or regions of

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3.13 hydrogen stress cracking HSC cracking that results from the presence of hydrogen in a metal and tensile stress (residual and/or applied) Note 1 to entry: HSC describes cracking in metals that are not sensitive to SSC but which can be embrittled by hydrogen when galvanically coupled, as the cathode, to another metal that is corroding actively as an anode anode. The term “galvanically galvanically induced HSC” HSC has been used for this mechanism of cracking.

Key points:  Metal that are not sensitive to SCC  Can be embrittled by hydrogen when galvanically coupled Remember:  HSC describes cracking in metals that are not sensitive to SSC Question: Material that comply with NACE MR0175 on material type and hardness requirement may crack when coupled as cathode in CP system and during galvanizing. These type of cracks were classified as HSC?

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3.13 hydrogen stress cracking HSC cracking that results from the presence of hydrogen in a metal and tensile stress (residual and/or applied)

galvanically coupled, as the cathode, to another metal that is corroding actively as an anode. The term “galvanically induced HSC� has h been b used d for f this thi mechanism h i off cracking. ki Note 1 to entry: HSC describes cracking in metals that are not sensitive to SSC but which can be embrittled by hydrogen when

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3.14 low-alloy low alloy steel steel with a total alloying element content of less than about 5 % mass fraction, but more than specified for carbon steel (3.3) Key Points:  total alloying element content of less than about 5 % mass fraction 3.15 microstructure structure off a metall as revealed l db by microscopic i i examination i i off a suitably i bl prepared d specimen

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3.16 partial pressure pressure that would be exerted by a single component of a gas if present alone alone, at the same temperature, in the total volume occupied by the mixture Note 1 to entry: For a mixture of ideal gases, gases the partial pressure of each component is equal to the total pressure multiplied by its mole fraction in the mixture, where its mole fraction is equal to the volume fraction of the component.

3.17 residual stress stress present in a component free of external forces or thermal gradients (?)

Discussion: Thermal gradient External thermal gradient?

Thermal gradient during processing?

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WIKI: partial pressure

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3.18 soft-zone cracking SZC form of SSC that can occur when a steel contains a local “soft zone” of low-yieldstrength material Note 1 to entry: Under service loads, soft zones can yield and accumulate plastic strain locally, increasing the SSC susceptibility to cracking of an otherwise SSC-resistant material S material.

Such ch soft zones ones are ttypically picall associated with ith welds elds in carbon steels (3.3) (3 3) (including weld HAZ?) .

Keywords: K d soft zones can yield and accumulate plastic strain locally Ponder? accumulate plastic strain locally → Hardening?

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3.19 sour service exposure to oilfield environments that contain sufficient H2S to cause cracking of materials by the mechanisms addressed by this part of ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156

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3.20 stepwise cracking SWC cracking that connects hydrogen-induced cracks on adjacent planes in a steel Note 1 to entry: This term describes the crack appearance. The linking of hydrogen-induced cracks to produce stepwise cracking is dependent on the local strain between the cracks and the embrittlement of the surrounding steel by dissolved hydrogen. HIC/SWC is usually associated with low-strength plate steels used in the p p production of p pipes p and vessels.

3.21 stress corrosion cracking SCC cracking of metal involving anodic processes of localized corrosion and tensile stress (residual and/or applied) in the presence of water and H2S Note 1 to entry: Chlorides and/or oxidants and elevated temperature can increase the susceptibility of metals to this mechanism of attack.

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3.21 stress corrosion cracking SCC cracking of metal involving anodic processes ? of localized corrosion and tensile stress (residual and/or applied) in the presence of water and H2S Note 1 to entry: Chlorides and/or oxidants and elevated temperature can increase the susceptibility of metals to this mechanism of attack.

Cracking is due to ionization of Fe + H2O → Fe2+ + 2e- + H2O at Anode?

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Sulfide Stress Cracking in H2S Environments

Corrosion C i under d anaerobic bi condition diti commonly l ffound d iin oilfield ilfi ld production: Anode: Fe + H2O → Fe2+ + 2e- + H2O Cathode: H2S + H2O → H+ + HS- + H2O HS- + H2O → H+ + S2- + H2O

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3.22 stress-oriented hydrogen-induced cracking SOHIC staggered small cracks formed approximately perpendicular to the principal stress (residual or applied) resulting in a “ladder-like� crack array linking (sometimes small) pre pre-existing existing HIC cracks Note 1 to entry: The mode of cracking can be categorized as SSC ca sed b caused by a combination of external e ternal stress and the local strain around hydrogen-induced cracks. SOHIC is related to SSC and HIC/SWC. It has been observed in parent material of longitudinally welded ld d pipe i and d iin the h heat-affected h ff d zone (HAZ) (3.10) (3 10) off welds ld iin pressure vessels. SOHIC is a relatively uncommon phenomenon usually associated with low-strength ferritic pipe and pressure vessel steels.

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SOHIC is related to SSC and HIC/SWC. It has been observed in parent material of longitudinally welded pipe and in the heatheat affected zone (HAZ) (3.10) of welds in pressure vessels.

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3.23 sulfide stress cracking SSC cracking of metal involving corrosion and tensile stress (residual and/or applied) in the presence of water and H2S Note 1 to entry: SSC is a form of hydrogen stress cracking (HSC) (3.13) and involves the embrittlement of the metal by atomic hydrogen that is produced by acid corrosion on the metal surface.

Hydrogen uptake is promoted in the presence of sulfides. The atomic hydrogen can diffuse into the metal, reduce ductility, and increase susceptibility to cracking. High-strength metallic materials and h d weld hard ld zones are prone tto SSC SSC.

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Contradicting: 3.13 hydrogen stress cracking HSC Note 1 to entry: HSC describes cracking in metals that are not sensitive to SSC but which can be embrittled by hydrogen when galvanically coupled, as the cathode, to another metal that is corroding actively as an anode. The term “galvanically induced HSC� has been used for this mechanism of cracking. g 3.23 sulfide stress cracking Note 1 to entry: SSC is a form of hydrogen stress cracking (HSC) (3.13) and involves the embrittlement of the metal by atomic hydrogen that is produced by acid corrosion on the metal surface surface. Hydrogen uptake is promoted in the presence of sulfides sulfides. The atomic hydrogen can diffuse into the metal, reduce ductility, and increase susceptibility to cracking. High-strength metallic materials and hard weld zones are prone to SSC.

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3.24 weld, verb join two or more pieces of metal by applying heat and/or pressure with or without filler metal, to produce a union through localized fusion of the substrates and solidification across the interfaces 3.25 yield strength stress at which a material exhibits a specified deviation from the proportionality of stress to strain Note 1 to entry: The deviation is expressed in terms of strain by either the offset method (usually at a strain of 0.2 %) or the total-extension-under-load method (usually at a strain of 0.5 %).

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Material Strength & Susceptible Mechanism Mechanism

Ext. Stress

Affected Material

SWC Step-Wise Cracking

No

HIC/SWC is usually associated with low-strength plate steels used in the production of pipes and vessels.

HIC Hydrogen Induced g Cracking

No

Cracking results from the pressurization of trap sites by hydrogen. No externally applied stress is required for the y g cracks. formation of hydrogen-induced

SOHIC Stress Oriented Hydrogen Induced Cracking

Yes

SOHIC is a relatively uncommon phenomenon usually associated with low-strength ferritic pipe and pressure vessel steels.

SSC sulfide stress cracking HSC Hydrogen Stress Cracking

Yes and/or No

•

SCC

Yes and/or No

Anodic ? processes of localized corrosion and tensile stress (residual and/or applied) in the presence of water and H2S

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•

High-strength metallic materials and hard weld zones are prone to SSC SSC. SSC is a form of hydrogen stress cracking (HSC)

4 Abbreviated terms          

BOP blowout bl t preventer t CRA corrosion-resistant alloy HAZ heat-affected zone HIC hydrogen-induced cracking HSC hydrogen stress cracking SCC stress-corrosion cracking SOHIC stress-oriented hydrogen-induced cracking SWC step-wise cracking SSC sulfide stress cracking g SZC soft-zone cracking

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5 General principles Users off th U the ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 series i shall h ll fifirstt assess th the conditions diti tto which the materials they wish to select can be exposed. These conditions shall be evaluated, defined, and documented in accordance with this part of ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156.

The equipment user shall determine whether or not the service conditions are such that the ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 series applies. g the requirements q and recommendations of Materials selection shall be made following ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2 or ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-3, as appropriate.

Keypoints: ď Ž These conditions shall be evaluated, defined, and documented in accordance with this part of ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156.

15156 ď Ž the service conditions are such that the ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 series applies.

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The equipment user shall determine whether or not the service conditions are such that the ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 series applies. applies

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The equipment user shall determine whether or not the service conditions are such that the ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 series applies. applies

Severity increasse with cidity ac Severity increase with PH2S

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The service conditions are such that the ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 series applies applies.

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Keypoints: ď Ž These conditions shall be evaluated evaluated, defined defined, and documented in accordance with this part of ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156.

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The use of ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2 or ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-3 can require an exchange of information (for example example, concerning required or suitable service conditions) between the (1) equipment user and the (2) equipment or materials supplier. If necessary, the equipment user should advise other parties of the service conditions. conditions NOTE It can be necessary for the equipment supplier to exchange information with the eq ipment manufacturer, equipment man fact rer the materials ssupplier, pplier and/or the materials man manufacturer. fact rer Qualification, with respect to a particular mode of failure, for use in defined service conditions di i also l qualifies lifi a material i l ffor use under d other h service i conditions di i that h are equall to or less severe in all respects than the conditions for which qualification was carried out.

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It is the equipment user's responsibility to ensure that any material specified for use in their equipment is satisfactory in the service environment environment.

It is the equipment or materials supplier's responsibility to meet the metallurgical and manufacturing requirements and, and when necessary, necessary any additional testing requirements of the ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 series for the material selected in the condition in which it enters into service.

Keywords: f the for h material i l selected l d iin the h condition di i iin which hi h iit enters iinto service. i Ponder: Who select?

Equipment’s User?

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It is the equipment user's responsibility to ensure that any material specified for use in their equipment is satisfactory in the service environment.

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It is the equipment or materials supplier's responsibility to meet the metallurgical and manufacturing requirements and, and when necessary, necessary any additional testing requirements of the ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 series for the material selected in the condition in which it enters into service.

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Key Points:  shall first assess the conditions to which the materials they wish to select can be exposed.  These conditions shall be evaluated, defined, and documented  The equipment user shall determine whether or not the service conditions are such that the ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 series applies.  Materials selection shall be made following the requirements and recommendations  The use of ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2 or ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-3 15156 3 can require an exchange of information.  It is the equipment user's responsibility to ensure that any material specified for use in their equipment is satisfactory in the service environment. i t  It is the equipment or materials supplier's responsibility to meet the g and manufacturing g requirements q and,, when necessary, y, metallurgical any additional testing requirements

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It is the equipment or materials supplier's responsibility to meet the metallurgical and manufacturing requirements and, and when necessary, necessary any additional testing requirements of the ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 series for the material selected in the condition in which it enters into service.

It is the equipment or materials supplier's responsibility to comply with the requirements for the marking/documentation of materials in accordance with ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2:2015, 15156 2 2015 Clause Cla se 9 or ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-3:2015, 7.2, as appropriate.

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This part of ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 applies to the qualification and selection of materials for equipment designed and constructed using load controlled design methods.

For designs utilizing strain based design methods methods, use of this part of ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 might not be appropriate and other test methods, not addressed in ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156, might be required. The equipment/ material supplier, in conj conjunction nction with ith the equipment eq ipment user, ser shall define and agree on other testing requirements and acceptance criteria.

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NACE MR0175 Only applicable to Load Controlled Design method!

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NACE MR0175 Might not be appropriate for St i B Strain Based dD Design i Method

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ssssssssssssssssssssssss

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6 Evaluation and definition of service conditions to enable bl material i l selection l i 6.1 Before selecting or qualifying materials using ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2 or ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-3,, the user of the equipment q p shall define,, evaluate,, and document the service conditions to which materials can be exposed for each application. The defined conditions shall include both intended exposures and unintended exposures that can result from the failure of primary containment or protection methods. Particular attention shall be paid to the quantification of those factors known to affect the susceptibility of materials to cracking caused by H2S. Factors, other than material properties, known to affect the susceptibility of metallic materials to cracking in H2S service include: (1) H2S partial pressure, (2) in situ pH, (3) the concentration of dissolved chloride or other halide, (4) the presence of elemental sulfur or other oxidant, (5) temperature, (6) galvanic effects, effects (7) mechanical stress, and (8) time of exposure to contact with a liquid water phase.

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1 2 3 4 5 6

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• PH • PH2S • Environmental Composition

• Stress • Galvanic • Time

6.2 The documented service conditions shall be used for one or more of the following purposes: a) to provide the basis for selection of SSC/SCC-resistant materials from existing lists and tables (see Clause 7); b) to provide the basis for qualification and selection based upon documented field experience (see 8.2); c) to define the laboratory test requirements to qualify a material for H2S service with respect to one or more of SSC, SCC, HIC, SOHIC, SZC, and/or galvanically induced HSC (see 8.3); d) to provide the basis for the reassessment of the suitability of existing alloys of construction, using Clause 7, 8.2, and/or 8.3, in the event of changes to the actual or intended service conditions.

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The documented service conditions shall be used for one or more of the following purposes: a) b) c)

d)

to provide the basis for selection of SSC/SCC-resistant materials from existing lists and tables (see Clause 7); t provide to id th the b basis i ffor qualification lifi ti and d selection based upon documented field experience (see 8.2); to define the laboratory test requirements to qualify a material for H2S service with respect to one or more of SSC, SCC, HIC, SOHIC SZC, SOHIC, SZC and/or galvanically induced HSC (see 8.3); to provide the basis for the reassessment of the suitabilityy of existing g alloys y of construction, using Clause 7, 8.2, and/or 8.3, in the event of changes to the actual or intended service conditions.

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The documented service conditions shall be used for one or more of the following purposes: a) b) c)

d)

to provide the basis for selection of SSC/SCC-resistant materials from existing lists and tables (see Clause 7); to provide the basis for qualification and selection based upon documented field experience (see 8.2); to define the laboratory test requirements to qualify a material for H2S service with respect to one or more of SSC, SCC, HIC, SOHIC, SZC, and/or galvanically induced HSC (see 8.3); to provide the basis for the reassessment of the suitability of existing alloys of construction, using Clause 7, 8.2, and/or 8.3, in the event of changes to the actual or intended service conditions.

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7 Selection of materials resistant to SSC/SCC in the presence off sulfides lfid from f existing i i lists li and d tables bl SSC-resistant carbon and low-alloy steels may be selected from the materials identified in ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2:2015,, Annex A. SSC, SCC-resistant CRAs and other alloys may be selected from the materials identified in ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 15156-3:2015 3:2015, Annex A A. Generally, no additional laboratory testing of materials selected in these ways is required The materials listed have given acceptable performance under the stated required. metallurgical, environmental, and mechanical conditions based on field experience and/or laboratory testing. The equipment user should, nevertheless, give consideration to specific testing of materials for applications where they consider the potential consequences of failure make this justifiable (see WARNING).

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The equipment user should, nevertheless, give consideration to specific testing of materials for applications where they consider the potential consequences of failure make this justifiable (see WARNING).

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WARNING — Metallic materials selected using ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 are resistant to cracking in defined H2S-containing S containing environments in oil and gas production but not necessarily immune to cracking under all service conditions. It is the equipment user's responsibility to select materials suitable for the intended service.

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8 Qualification of materials for H2S service 8.1 8 1M Material t i ld description i ti and d documentation d t ti The material being qualified shall be described and documented, such that properties p likely y to affect p performance in H2S-containing g media are those of its p defined. The tolerances or ranges of properties that can occur within the material shall be described and documented.

Metallurgical properties known to affect performance in H2S-containing environments include: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

chemical composition, method of manufacture, product form, strength, hardness hardness, amount of cold work, heat treatment condition, and microstructure. i t t

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8.2 Qualification based upon field experience A material may be qualified by documented field experience. experience The material description shall meet the requirements of 8.1. The description of the service conditions in which the experience has been gained shall meet the relevant requirements of 6.1. The duration of the documented field experience shall be at least two years and should preferably involve a full examination of the equipment following field use. use The severity of intended service conditions shall not exceed that of the field experience for which documented records are available.

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Qualification based upon field experience

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Qualification based upon field experience

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8.3 Qualification based upon laboratory testing 8 3 1 General 8.3.1 Laboratory testing can only approximate field service. Laboratory testing in accordance with the ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 series may be used for the following: ď ą to qualify metallic materials for their resistance to SSC and/or SCC under service i conditions diti up tto th the lilimits it th thatt apply l tto materials t i l off similar i il ttypes listed in ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2 and ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 3; 15156-3; ď ą to qualify metallic materials for their resistance to SSC and/or SCC under service i conditions diti with ith other th lilimits; it EXAMPLE Qualification up p to a higher-than-normally-acceptable g y p level of H2S,, to a lower-than-normally required test stress or to revised temperature limit(s) or to a lower pH. Comments: Where does the MR specified stress level and test temperature?

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 to qualify carbon and low-alloy steels with respect to their resistance to HIC SOHIC HIC, SOHIC, or SZC;  to qualify corrosion-resistant or other alloys with respect to their resistance to galvanically induced HSC;  to provide qualification data for a material not currently listed in ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2:2015, Annex A and ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-3:2015, Annex A in such a form that it may be considered for inclusion at a later date.

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ď ą to qualify carbon and low-alloy steels with respect to their resistance to HIC SOHIC HIC, SOHIC, or SZC; ď ą to qualify corrosion-resistant or other alloys with respect to their resistance to galvanically induced HSC;

Is it to say that the ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2:2015, Annex A materials listed are only resistance to cracking g to SCC & SSC only? y

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8.3.2 Sampling of materials for laboratory testing The method of sampling the material for laboratory testing shall be reviewed and accepted by the equipment user.

The test samples shall be representative of the commercial product.

For multiple batches of a material produced to a single specification, an assessment shall be made of the properties that influence cracking behavior in H2S S-containing containing environments (see 8 8.1).

1) The distributions of these properties shall be considered (?) when selecting samples for testing according to the requirements of ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2 and ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-3. The materials in the metallurgical condition that has the greatest susceptibility to cracking in H2S service shall be used for the selection of the test samples.

-

Materials M t i l source, method of preparation, and p for testing g shall be documented. surface condition of samples

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-

Materials source,

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8.3.3 Selection of laboratory test methods For carbon and low low-alloy alloy steels steels, test methods for SSC SSC, HIC HIC, SOHIC and/or SZC shall be selected from ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2 as required.

For CRAs and other alloys, test methods for SSC, SCC, and galvanically induced HSC shall be selected from ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-3 as required. required

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8.3.4 Conditions to be applied during testing For qualification of carbon and low low-alloy alloy steels for general sour service applications or for more restricted application ranges, standardized test environments and mechanical test conditions shall be chosen from those described in ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2.

For qualification of CRAs or other alloys for the restricted application ranges appropriate to each alloy type, the standardized test environments and mechanical test conditions shall be chosen from those described in ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-3.

For qualification of a material for use in application-specific application specific service conditions, the equipment user shall take care to ensure that the test conditions and the test results obtained from them are appropriate for those specific service conditions. diti All the th test t t conditions diti applied li d shall h ll b be att lleastt as severe, with ith respect to the potential mode of failure, as those defined to occur in the field ) The pH p applied pp shall represent p the service in situ p pH. service ((see 6.1).

The justification of the selection of the (1) test environment and (2) mechanical test conditions (?) with respect to a specific application shall be documented by the equipment user user.

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8.3.5 Acceptance criteria Test acceptance criteria shall be as defined for each test method in ANSI/ NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2 and ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-3.

Question: What is mechanical test conditions ?

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9 Report of the method of selection or qualification Materials M t i l selected l t d or qualified lifi d iin accordance d with ith thi this partt off ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 shall have the method of selection documented by p g item a)) from the following g list,, together g with one other item [[b), ), c), ), or reporting d)]: a) for all materials materials, evaluation of the service conditions (see 6 6.1); 1); b) for a material selected with respect to SSC and/or SCC resistance, from lists and tables (see Clause 7), documentation making reference to the relevant subclauses of ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2 or ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-3; c) for a material selected on the basis of field experience experience, documentation describing the following: 1) mechanism(s) of cracking for which qualification and selection has been made; 2) material used (see 8.1); 3) field experience (see 8 8.2); 2);

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d) for a material selected on the basis of qualification by laboratory testing, a test report describing the following: 1. mechanism(s) of cracking for which qualification and selection has been made; 2. material selected for laboratory testing (see 8.1); 3 selection, 3. selection sampling sampling, and preparation of test specimens (see 8 8.3.2); 3 2); 4. justification of the test environment and physical test conditions for qualification (see 8.3.3); 5. test results that demonstrate compliance with ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2 or ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-3 (see 8.3).

The equipment user shall be responsible for ensuring that the required documentation is prepared.

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Bibliography [1] ANSI NACE1 MR0175:2003, MR0175:2003 Metals for Sulfide Stress Cracking and Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance in Sour Oilfield Environments [2] ANSI NACE TM0177, Laboratory testing of metals for resistance to sulfide stress cracking and stress corrosion cracking in H2S environments [3] ANSI NACE TM0284, Evaluation of pipeline and pressure vessel steels for resistance to hydrogen induced cracking [4] NACE MR0176, Metallic materials for sucker-rod pumps for corrosive oilfield environments [5] EFC2 Publication 16, Guidelines on materials requirements for carbon and l low alloy ll steels t l ffor H2Scontaining S t i i environments i t iin oilil and d gas production d ti [ ] EFC Publication 17,, Corrosion resistant alloys [6] y for oil and gas g p production: guidelines on general requirements and test methods for H2S service

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END of Part1

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Q&A -

-

Part 1 is the general requirements Part 2 deals with carbon steel materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and g gas p production Part 3 deals with CRA materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production NACE C MR0175 0 5 dea deals s with t se selection ect o o of ccrack ac resistance es sta ce materials ate a s Type of corrosion mechanism; HIC hydrogen-induced cracking, HSC hydrogen stress cracking’ SCC stress-corrosion cracking, SOHIC stress-oriented hydrogeninduced cracking cracking, SWC step-wise step wise cracking, cracking SSC sulfide stress cracking cracking, SZC softsoft zone cracking Carbon steel: up to 2 % mass fraction carbon and up to 1.65 % mass fraction manganese and residual quantities of other elements Low alloy steel: total alloying element content of less than about 5 % mass fraction Responsibilities: Owner? / Manufacturer?

Wh t are the What th environmental i t l properties ti affecting ff ti selection? l ti ?

What are the metallurgical properties known to affect performance in H2S environment?

NACE MR0175 is a MR for selection (SCC & SSC) and testing of material resistance to SCC & SSC and others mechanisms.

Other interesting Q&A

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

Question?

-

Material used for sour service requires to resist SZC, HIC, SOHIC, HSC needs to be qualified by testing (?)

The material listed in Annex A is onlyy resiatnce to SCC/SSC under the specified p environment and not intended for failure mechanism involve s SOHIC, HIC. SZC and HSC (?)

XX

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More Reading

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Fion Zhang Xitang 2016 Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

NACE MR0175-Carbon Steel Written Exam NACE-MR0175-Carbon Steel -001 Exam Preparation Guide June 2017

Copyright ©2017 by NACE International Institute. All rights reserved.

NACE-MR0175-Carbon Steel -001

Exam Preparation Guide—June 2017 | 1

Table of Contents Introduction..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Target Audience...................................................................................................................................................... 3 Requirements........................................................................................................................................................... 4 Exam Blue Print............................................................................................................................................................... 5 Types of Questions......................................................................................................................................................... 7 Description of Questions...................................................................................................................................... 7 Sample Questions................................................................................................................................................... 7 Answer Key................................................................................................................................................................ 7 Preparation....................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Training....................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Suggested Study Material.................................................................................................................................... 8 Books........................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Other............................................................................................................................................................................ 8 Reference Material Provided During the Exam................................................................................................... 9 Calculator................................................................................................................................................................... 9

NACE-MR0175-Carbon Steel -001

Exam Preparation Guide—June 2017 | 2

Introduction The MR0175-Carbon Steel written exam is designed to assess whether a candidate has the requisite knowledge and skills that a minimally qualified MR0175 Certified User- Carbon Steel must possess. The exam comprises 50 multiple-choice questions that are based on the MR0175 Standard (Parts 1 and 2).

Test Name Test Code Time Number of Questions Format Passing Score

NACE- MR0175-Carbon Steel Written Exam NACE-MR0175-Carbon Steel -001 4 hours 50 Computer Based Testing (CBT) Pass/Fail

Target Audience An MR0175 Certified User-Carbon Steel is recognized as persons working in the following areas: §§ User oil and gas production equipment §§ Equipment designers §§ Manufacturers, suppliers and purchasers §§ Construction and maintenance contractors §§ Equipment operators §§ Industry regulators

NACE-MR0175-Carbon Steel -001

Exam Preparation Guide—June 2017 | 3

Requirements MR0175-Carbon Steel Requirements for MR0175- Carbon Steel: 1 Core Exam n Work Experience

n 2 Core exams

n Application

Work Experience Requirements Two (2) years relevant experience (documented) and a degree in one of the following: metallurgy, material science, chemical engineer, applied chemistry, mechanical engineer, corrosion Or Five (5) years relevant experience, including 2 years of responsible charge.

Core Exam Requirements The following exam is required: MR0175 Carbon Steel Written Exam

Certification Application is required - An application must be submitted prior to taking the examination to allow time for NACE to verify work experience requirements. The application is subject to approval.

Certification renewal requirements – Recertification application* required every 3 years – including the following §§ A minimum of 1.5 years of Carbon Steel sour service work experience §§ A completed re-certification application (subject to approval) §§ A minimum of 20 Professional Development hours (PDHs) per year/60 PDHs every 3 years.

Upon successful completion of all requirements, the candidate will be awarded a MR0175 Certified User Carbon Steel. *Approval required

NACE-MR0175-Carbon Steel -001

Exam Preparation Guide—June 2017 | 4

Knowledge and Skills Areas Tested NOTE: The percentages are an approximation and are not intended to inform scores on the exam but are provided to guide your preparation for the exam.

Domain 1- 16 - 20 % Understanding the significance of sour service, and the roles and responsibilities for the selection of materials for use under such conditions. §§ Understanding the value of awareness of potential specifications sour service cracking damage to the operation of §§ Understanding the roles and responsibilities of oil and gas production. those involved in the optimum selection and use §§ Understanding the potential sour service cracking of materials in sour service mechanisms as the apply to §§ Understanding the limitations of the scope of the §§ Understanding the relationship of the standard to standard other codes, standards, regulations and

Domain 2 - 16 - 20 % Evaluation, & definitions of service conditions to enable materials selection §§ Understanding the roles of environmental with the different materials and cracking service conditions in sour service cracking mechanisms §§ Understanding the definition of sour service §§ Understanding service stresses and their roles and the thresholds for cracking associated in sour service cracking Domain 3 - 8 - 12 % Understanding how personnel work together: purchasing, project engineers, consulting, and others to consider all factors in materials selection, to define roles and responsibilities with respect to information gathering evaluation, and execution of materials selection §§ Equipment user as owner §§ Equipment User on behalf of owner §§ Engineers contributing to fitness for purpose §§ Engineers contributing to materials selection decisions made evaluation of plant Domain 4 - 8 - 12 % Basic understanding of the materials types included in the standard §§ Carbon and low alloy steels §§ Cladding, overlays and wear-resistant alloys §§ Cast irons §§ Free machining steels and alloys §§ Other alloys Domain 5 - 2 - 6% Understanding and demonstrating compliance with metallurgical properties that govern the behavior of materials in H2S containing environments §§ Basic understanding of the roles of nominal/ treatment conditions actual chemical composition §§ Basic understanding of the roles of amount of §§ Basic understanding of the roles of method of cold work/plastic deformation manufacture §§ Basic understanding of the roles of §§ Basic understanding of the roles of product form microstructure §§ Basic understanding of the roles of tensile §§ Basic understanding of the roles of metal strength hardness and its relation to cracking involving §§ Basic understanding of the roles of heat H2S NACE-MR0175-Carbon Steel -001

Exam Preparation Guide—June 2017 | 5

Domain 6 - 14 - 18% Understanding the significance of changes to materials brought about by fabrication on their resistance to H2S, and their measurement. §§ Requirements for, and influence of, welding §§ Requirements for, and influence of other fabrication methods Domain 7 - 1 - 5% Basic Understanding of the oil/gas equipment/components included in the standard §§ Understanding the range and fabrication of §§ Understanding the equipment included in the list of permitted exclusions from the equipment and components applied in sour oil and gas production and natural gas requirements of the standard and the sweetening including: limitations of the list’s use Domain 8 - 4 - 8% Understanding/auditing the process of materials selection for sour service using the standard §§ Understanding the collection of data to mechanisms support materials selection process §§ For exceptional cases, understanding the options for the selection of materials not §§ Reviewing the decision to use or not use sour currently listed as qualified in the standard service materials §§ Understanding/auditing the documentation §§ Understanding, for sour service, the selection required/provided for the materials selection of currently qualified materials process to reflect the above requirements §§ Understanding the additional testing that may be required for other potential cracking Domain 9 - 10 - 14% Basic understanding of laboratory testing methods §§ Uses of laboratory qualifications for carbon and low alloy steels. §§ Requirements for tests for likely cracking §§ SCC testing with and without sulfur mechanisms. §§ SSC/SCC testing at intermediate temperatures §§ Requirements for tests for likely cracking §§ GHSC testing with carbon steel couple mechanisms §§ Documentation of full test results to §§ Applied test stresses/loads satisfaction of equipment user §§ SSC/SCC test environments Domain 10 - 2 - 6% Applying the standard to respond to case studies similar to those provided in the examination’s study resources §§ Understanding of roles and responsibilities of §§ Understanding of the influence of common all those involved in the supply, selection and fabrication methods on the sour service use of metallic materials in sour service cracking resistance of materials §§ Understanding the selection of suitable §§ Understanding of the documentation they materials for a series of example applications might expect to provide/find when reviewing using Annexes of P2 and P3 the use of materials proposed for, or in, sour §§ Understanding of additional materials testing service that may be required depending on the application

NACE-MR0175-Carbon Steel -001

Exam Preparation Guide—June 2017 | 6

Types of Questions Description of Questions The questions on this exam are multiple-choice and based on the knowledge and skills required in the industry for a certified user of the MR0175 Standard- Carbon Steel. While the NACE MR0175 Seminar is an excellent method of preparation, it is strongly recommended but not required. The primary reference used in the development of the questions is the MR0175 Standard. Additional references can be found in the Reference section.

Sample Questions The sample questions are included to illustrate the formats and types of questions that will be on the exam. Your performance on the sample questions should not be viewed as a predictor of your performance on the actual test.

1. You urgently need a replacement carbon steel valve to handle a sour fluid. You are offered a wrought steel valve with 0.020% sulphur from one supplier and a cast one with 0.026% sulphur from another. Both have hardness below 22HRC, but neither has been HIC tested. What is the position of the standard about accepting these two valves?

A. B. C. D.

Neither wrought nor cast is acceptable Wrought is not acceptable but cast is acceptable Wrought is acceptable but cast is not acceptable Both are acceptable

2. You require an ESP pump to handle a sour fluid containing 12kPa H2S and 100g/L chloride at 70°C. You are offered a pump with an alloy K-500 (UNS N05500) shaft. Which statement below best represents the position of the standard?

A. UNS G41420 steel that has been cold straightened, stress relieved at 620°C and has a hardness of 321 Brinell.

B. UNS G41420 steel that has been cold straightened, stress relieved at 460°C and has a hardness of 26 HRC. C. UNS G41400 steel that has been cold straightened, stress relieved at 605°C and has a hardness of 26 HRC. D. UNS G51400 steel that has been cold straightened, stress relieved at 605°C and has a hardness of 24 HRC. E. UNS G41400 steel that has a flush joint connection that has been cold formed with about 8% cold work, stress relieved at 575°C and has a hardness of 26 HRC.

Answer Key 1.

D

Reference: Section 8

2.

C

Reference: Table A.2.2.3

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Preparation Training (Strongly Recommended) §§ One day NACE MR0175 Workshop Designed to help you and your company prevent corrosion stress cracking in H2S containing oil production environments, attend a NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 One-Day Seminar to understand how the standard can be implemented to improve the quality of your company’s assets and what you can do to comply with the standard. NACE Internationals’ MR0175/ISO 15156 is the premier standard to reference in combatting corrosion cracking through material selection and qualification and the seminar is for anyone from entry level to experienced oil production professionals to gain a thorough knowledge of this globally mandated standard.

Suggested Study Material §§ §§ §§ §§ §§

NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 Standard EFC 17 NACE TM0177 NACE TM0198 NACE TM0316

Books §§ Introductory Handbook for NACE MR0175 Other Materials Performance inquires and answers (see NACE website) http://www.nace.org/resources/magazines-and-journal/

Reference Material Provided During the Exam §§ MR0175 Standard/ISO 15156 Standard (electronic)

NACE-MR0175-Carbon Steel -001

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Calculators Students will have access to either a TI Standard or TI Scientific (Link to PDF) calculator for use during the CBT Exam.

Standard Calculator

Standard Mode Functions Add Subtract

-

Multiply

x ÷ (-) % √ x

Divide Negative Percentage Square Root Reciprocal (Inverse) Store value to variable Access variable Clear variable Scientific Calculator

+

M+ MRC M- MRC

Example: 4 √ Example: 1 ÷ 2 = Example: 3 * 5 = M+ Example: 7 + MRC =

Scientific Mode Functions Add

+

Subtract

-

Multiply

x ÷ (-)

Divide Negative Percentage

2nd [%]

Square Root

√ X-1

Reciprocal (Inverse)

Example: 2nd √ 4 enter Example: 2 X-1 enter s

s

Store value to variable sto Xyzt Example: 3 * 5 enter sto Xyzt enter Example: 7 + 2nd [recall] enter enter Access variable Xyzt or 2nd [recall] Numeric Notation Standard (Floating Decimal) Notation (digits to the left and right of decimal

mode menu options NORM SCI ENG FLOAT 0 1 2 3 4 5 …

Scientific Notation (1 digit to the left of decimal and appropriate power of 10)

mode menu options NORM SCI ENG e.g. 1.2345678*105

Engineering Notation (numer from 1 to 999 times 10 to an integer power that is a multiple of 3)

mode menu options NORM SCI ENG e.g. 123.45678*103

NACE-MR0175-Carbon Steel -001

e.g. 123456.78 e.g. 123456.7800

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Fractions 2nd [Un/d]

Conversion b/w simple fraction and mixed number

2nd [n/d 2nd [f

s

Conversion b/w fraction and decimal

s

Mixed numbers

s

n/d

s

Simple fractions

Un/d]

d]

Powers, roots, and inverses Square a value

x2

Cube a value

<

Square root

2nd [√]

Example (√16): 2nd [√] 16

Reciprocal

x

Example (nth root): 5th root of 8: 5 2nd [x√] 8

Pi PI (π)

-1

<

<

Example (24) 2 4

Raise value to specified power

π

Toggle The scientific calculator might show the results of certain calculations as a fraction - possibly involving pi or a square root. To convert this kind of result to a single number with a decimal point, you will need to use the “toggle answer” button circled in the picture below. Pressing this button will change the display from a fractional to a decimal format.

Answer Toggle

If you find this onscreen calculator difficult to use, raise your hand and ask the TA to provide you with a hand-held scientific calculator instead.

NACE-MR0175-Carbon Steel -001

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Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong