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ZHEHUI CHANG|PORTFOLIO ARCHITECUTRE AS AN INSTRUMENT OF CULTURE SELECTED WORK AT GSAPP 2015-2016

Architecture as an Instrument of Culture As architects we are responsible not only for the construction of new architectures, but also for the management of the built environment at large.

Although its important to get to know objects themselves, it’s more important to focus on the way they relate to others.

In this respect, I try to do architecture that works more as an medium through which people could express themselves, than as a container. This way of designing has very little to do with sustainability, but a lot with political ecology.

1 HUMAN GRAZING ACCELERATORS WITH REVOLTING PIPES Living Archive of Nightclub Preservation

2 CHINA WALLS

Hybrid Residential Infrastructures

3 NYSNYD CIRCUS

Spectacle Juxtaposition of Homeless People and Urban Environment

4 OTHER WORKS

Human Grazing Accelerator with Revolting Pipes Instructor: Andres Jaque, Patrick Craine 2015 Sep-2015 Dec

Nightclubs works as romance accelerators to help people build relationship. For a long period of time New York was famous for its club culture. However, throughtout history, we lost a lot of famous nightclubs in New York city due to various reasons. By studying how nightclub accelerate human grazing and how this historical famous nightclubs died, I try to revive the lost clubs in this city and build an ecosystem of club-goers and neighbourhood, making the whole city accelerate human grazing if one wants.

Chapter 1 COORDINATION OF TECHNICS OPERATED BY CLUBS TO ACCELERATE HUMAN GRAZING

Light

Music

Temp

Scent

Alcohol

New York is famous for its club culture. Everyn The truth is, nightclubs works as h People are more easy to hook up, make friends and buil niques used by nightclubs cooperate to

Crowd

Sex

Food

Show

night in every club, different stories go on. human grazing accelerators. ld further relationship in nightclubs. All the techtogether to make things happen.

...

01:36 AM Dopamine 4.5 μmol/L Roof, got a great view of Manhattan Endorphins drove to start another, more private topic

Yellow light on the roof

Create romantic atmospher

Super bright light at background Twinkle with beats Strengthen beats DJ Transmitter of energy DJ’s consideration: 1. Frequency 2. Melody

Air conditioner Keep room tempeture 4 oC Keep beer fresh

Sound system Prefer bass frequencies with long waves Carry bigger amount of energy (6 times bigger than normal)

Resonance is also echoed between bodies

Air conditioner Keep room tempeture 20~22 oC Keep skin cool

NE/NA released from central nervous system caused more dopamine to release Willing to talk to strangers 12:25 PM Dopamine 3.9 μmol/L Resonance happened between music and movements

Bartender

Restroom 320 people per hour Average waiting time: 4 min

Bouncer Check ID Let 21 people in per minute

3.5 min/cup of cocktail 18 people/hour

1 T

102 people/night

1 beer Barrel = 5376 oz = 478 glasses 1.4 Barrel this bar counter per night

24 Hour Water heater system For restaurant and residences

9:00 PM Dopamine 3.5 μmol/L Shopping around (Dopamine released)

re

Staff Distribute tissue to 180 people per hour

7:03 PM, Bedford Avenue Station(L) 84 People got out of station in 2 minutes 23 People got into station in 2 minutes

7:09 PM Search for restaurant 7:03 PM, Bedford Avenue Station(L)

Got off subway Got 5 “Like”s; 2 comments “hook up a handsome guy!!’’ “wooooooow enjoy!”

10:20 PM Dopamine 3.7 μmol/L Line up Average waiting time 24min Facebook time Reply comment “I’ve seen some cute guys!”

10:45 PM Dopamine 3.0 μmol/L Ticket $30

Taxi Line up outside Output from 1:30 15 min/taxi to get a passenger 37 min/ passenger to get a taxi

Food Truck Ice cream $5/ chocolate scoop 3 min/ people to line up Chocolate help release PEA

They are organized, forming a sequence that resonates with the music we have been listening to all night long.

Chapter II HISTORICAL ECOSYSTEM OF LOST CLUBS

Danceteria

Supermarket Club

Mudd Club

Studio 54

Danceteria

Supermarket Club

Mudd Club

Studio 54

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Multi-function

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on es

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Loft

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Communication between spaces

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Temperory space

Multi-definition space

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Outdoor or open space

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Outdoor or open space

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Long space

Narrow space

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Long space

Narrow space

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Tdj

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Shelter Club

Area Club

The Loft

Office Party

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Ls

Ads

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Advertisement Service

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Cg

Long space

Narrow space

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Ads

Advertisement Service

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Nature conservation

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Cg Ts

Ac

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Nature conservation

Art Communication

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Culture conservation

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Art Communication

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Cf

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Tdj Sp

PeLaw

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Multi-definition space

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Garage or Temperory parking space lot retrofit

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Law

Secret party

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Sewage treatment plant retrofit

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Ppr Power plant retrofit

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Multi-definition space

Secret party

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Station or bus stop retrofit

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Multi-definition space

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Plant Club

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Road or railway Multi-definition retrofit space

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Road or railway retrofit

Temperory space

Art Communication

Changeable functions

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Temperory space

Art Communication

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Garage or parking lot retrofit

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Love Parade Office Party

Travelling Secret DJs party

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Culture conservation

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Travelling DJs

Celebrity gathering

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Station or bus stop retrofit

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Sewage treatment plant retrofit

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Power plant retrofit

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Water flush

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Bubble & foam

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Warning lights

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From the glitz and glamour of Studio 54 during the late 1970s to the fashion show of Mudd during the 1980s, we took a look back at some ofPlant theClub city’s former nightlife hotspots.But New York lost these great Office Party clubs due to crabat law, neighbor’s complain, and many other reasons.

Now it’s time to discuss how to make the clubs coexist with the society

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Travelling DJs

Celebrity gathering

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Tdj

Travelling DJs

Celebrity gathering

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Office Party

Temperory Celebrity space gathering

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The Loft

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Long space

Communication between spaces

Area Club

Studio 54 The Loft

Ss Co

Function combined with partitions

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Shelter Club

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Fp

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Love Parade

Fashion show

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Studio 54

Crowded space

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Self- service

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Mudd Club

Fashion show

d Club Club

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Self- service

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Changeable functions

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ermarket Club

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Chapter III NEW YORK LIVING ARCHIVE OF HUMAN GRAZING ACCELERATORS To revive the nightlife in New York, we rebuild the lost nightclubs in its original site, nightclubs will become a distributed collection of infrastructures, overlapped to the architecture of office buildings, the collective spaces of residential buildings, transportation infrastructures.

The city environment becomes its container.

New Technic & Property Table

Cs Changeable Space

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Cooperation

Fashion show

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Space Definition

Multi-definition space

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Roof space

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Mechanical Devices

Ads

Advertisement Service

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Nature conservation

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Culture conservation

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Art Communication

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Cfr

Sif

Changeable furniture

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Information Technics

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Soft partitions

Wide space

Narrow space

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Sound insulation with water

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Md

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Rail system

Waste pipe reuse

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Projectors

Sharing of lighting system

Ea

Garage or parking lot retrofit

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Multi- function Appliance

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Selfies

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Mobile devices App

IT

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Electric Appliance

Sound insulation Furniture

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Social media

Long space

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Infrastructure Retrofit

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Infrastructure system

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Multi-function of water

Lighting alert

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Ea

Ma

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Multi-function of furniture

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Me

Multi-function of electric appliance

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Road or railway retrofit

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Station or bus stop retrofit

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Sewage treatment plant retrofit

Ppr Power plant retrofit

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Service Provider

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Multi-function of commodities

Ma

Mv

Multi-function of vehicles

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Ad

Ga

Alcohol dispenser

Gg

Green area

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Group gathering

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Wf

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Water flush

Bubble & foam

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That’s the beauty of club- it’s flexibility.

Whatever influence is brought about becomes part of that organism.

Mudd Club

Studio 54

Love Parade

MUDD CLUB 77 White Street Acting as a casual fashion show club, new Mudd circles around apartments outside the window in a linear form.

It’s transparent façade enable visitors to show themselves.

In the daytime, the “cat walk” works as balconys with grass and flowers.

Cs

Crowded space

Ns

Ls

Cg

Long space

Narrow space

Ss

Ss

Tdj

The Loft

Plr

Travelling DJs

Celebrity gathering

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Pe

Pe

Office Party

Garage or parking lot retrofit

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Sr

Road or railway retrofit

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Str

Station or bus stop retrofit

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Plant Club

Sewage treatment plant retrofit

Ppr Power plant retrofit

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Ir

MUDD CLUB 77 WHITE STREET Mudd Club is an architecture taking the strategy of narrowness to create wall of people, making parties into fashion shows.

An expanded catwalk is now growing on the buildings of its original site, making the fashion shows visible to offices and apartments.

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Temperory space

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Secret party

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Multi-definition space

Law

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Temperory space

Multi-definition space

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Water flush

Bubble & foam

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Warning lights

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Movable toilets provide club goers great convience.

These toilets collect and purify urine and vomit at night, and water the flowers in the day time.

Water mixed with a little alcohol help flowers to stay longer.

DANCETERIA 30 WEST 21ST STREET The original site now works as a gallery. Movable exhibition panels in the day time join together to work as a sound-isulation facade of the nightclub. Projectors project advertisements on the road.

PLANT BAR 217 E 3RD ST

The original site works as a residential basement with washing machines, boiler, and trash chute.

These tubes and machines can be joined together to hold foam parties

Area Club

The Loft

Plant Club

Office Party

Plant Bar 217 E 3rd St The trash chutes in the daytime are used as sliders at night. When “party mode” is turned on in the basement, the washing machines will produce foams. When party mode is turned off, water would flush away the foams and clean the floor, the boiler would provide hot water for bath after parties.

Ac

Art Communication

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Art Communication

Changeable functions

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Temperory space

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Secret party

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Multi-definition space

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Temperory space

Multi-definition space

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Wf

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Water flush

Bubble & foam

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Warning lights

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DANCETERIA 30 WEST 21ST STREET The original site now works as a gallery. Movable exhibition panels in the day time join together to work as a sound-isulation facade of the nightclub. Projectors project advertisements on the road.

Danceteria

Danceteria 30 West 21st Street Projectors , exhibition panels have different functions at night. Projector project advertisements on the road. Exhibition panels are the new facade of the nightclub.

Mf

Cf

Multi-function

Tf

Changeable functions

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Temporary functions

Ff

Ff

Fp

Self- service

Ff

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Function combined with partitions

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Shelter Club

Fas

Fashion show

Co

Ads

Advertisement Service

Co

Nc

Cc

Nature conservation

Ac

Culture conservation

Co

Art Communication

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Co

Area Club

The Loft

Office Party

Plant Club

AREA 157 Hudson Street Combined with compacted housing, Area Club works as public living room in the daytime. Residents play cards, talk, eat together here.

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Art Communication

Changeable functions

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Multi-definition space

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Water flush

Bubble & foam

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Warning lights

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AREA 157 HUDSON STREET The club famous for compeletely changing its decoration is now a residential building. To revive the lost club, compact residence part is sepetated from the club by closet. Residence can walk through the closet to join the parties.

In the daytime, the club works as a public living room.

Sp

SUBWAY STATION AT BEDFORD AVENUE Musicians in subway station with bright background lighting would attract more passengers

BILLBOARD TELPHERS

Billboards on the top of buildings can move along the track to take people to clubs. Moving advertisements attract more club goers.

Sounddomes are attached to play music for passengers!

SUPERMARKET PARTY! After the supermarket is closed at night, it reopen as a nightclub. The curtains join fragments together to create a continous space with lighting, music, fragrance and intimate atmosphere.

Danceteria

Supermarket Club

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Supermarket Party!

Temporary occupancy of the mall by removing part of it and make use of the supermarket, appliance store, showcases.

Mf

Cf

Multi-function

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Changeable functions

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Temporary functions

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Self- service

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Function combined with partitions

Shelter Club

Fas

Fashion show

Co

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Communication between spaces

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Temperory space

Multi-definition space

Sd

Ff

Sd

Area Club

Ads

Advertisement Service

Co

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Cc

Nature conservation

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Culture conservation

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Art Communication

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Co

Art Communication

Changeable functions

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Outdoor or open space

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Tem spa

Office Party after Work Once the party mode is turned on, beer dispensers on the ceiling fall down to provide beers. The desks are hung up to leave large space for party. The computers are controled to play music and projectors works as lighting system.

Shelter Club

Area Club

Office Party

The Loft

Office Party!

Hang up desks, pull down beer dispenser tubes on the ceiling, make use of computers to play music.

Fas

Fashion show

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Advertisement Service

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Nature conservation

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Studio 54 254 West 54th Street Studio 54 was a night club famous for broadcasting live performance to foreign countries and attracting celebrities in 1970s.Now it is a broadway theatre.

To combine the functions of theatre and nightclub together, and revive the uniqueness of Studio 54 the nightclub, lifters move up and down for club goers to selfie. When connected with moble apps, the photos could be uploaded to social media and some will be chosen to show on big screen in the club. Everyone could be the super star at night!

Water Tower Parties at Chelsea Late in midnight, when residence’s water demand decrease, clubgoers sneak into water tower to have secret parties, drinking beers hidng on the roof.

Dopamine Dispenser on Bedford Ave After dinner time, the conveyor belts are moved to serve people on the street, to dispense chocolates, icecreams, and other snacks.

Chocolate help release PEA; Ca, Mg in the food help release dopamine Restaurants on Bedford Ave work as dopamine dispensers!

That’s the beauty of club- it’s flexibility.

Whatever influence is brought about becomes part of that organism.

CHINA WALLS HYBRID RESIDENTIAL INFRASTRUCTURES IN MANHATTAN: OCCUPYING CHINATOWN Instructor: Juan Herreros June 2015-August 2015

PREFACE Immigrant residential community in Chinatown express themselves by occupying facades with diverse elements, which show and meet their needs at the same time, but also requires negotiation.

Billboards are climbing upwards to the roof, blocking some of the windows. Fire escapes are occupied by potting and air conditioners, causing potential security problems. Oil smoke is directly released through holes dug by restaurant owners on the wall. Wires are spreading all across in confusion, connecting air conditioners and billboards. Courtyards inside the blocks become a stove due to the heat released by restaurants, the hot wind and noise blew by air conditioners.

Facades, as containers where people’s activities happen, are far less than what people need. As an identity of Chinatown, the crowded elements on the façade should be reorganized with new order, but not be removed. Façade is an arena of neighborhood with negotiation and collective wills.

Therefore, a system of negotiation between individuals is created as a second facade. Collective and individual activities and expressions can be brought together, over time, to form a diverse whole through the introduction of this infrastructure that brings in education, employment and public space.

The project deals with the facades of Chinatown, and Chinatown’s facades also suggest it is the façade of neighborhood.

URBAN INTERVENTIONS New, high-rising living towers provide more living units that are not disturbed by noise from Manhattan Bridge.

It’s like a facade of chinatown, showing new expression of comunity, and blocking the noise outside the comunity.

TYPOLOGICAL CORRECTIONS New gargets expand the facades and improve the quality of life.

Residents could choose their own inflatable gargets and combine/connect with other units for more complex use.

DOMESTIC TRANSFORMATIONS While highly compacted living units inside of the towers could meet basic needs, the expansion of facades could realize people’s luxury desires. Residents could have private yoga room, tea house, and even study for children in the neighbourhood doing homework together.

Both individual and generate activity are happening at the same time on and between facades.

NEW EXPRESSION OF CHINATOWN Standing at the end of Manhattan Bridge, the high-rising towers become a symbol of chinatown, showing a welcoming gesture to others.

NEIGHBORHOOD IMAGINATIONS The gargets not only expand space, but also build connections between neighbours, and create perfect sightseeing spot to get the view of Manhattan.

NYSNYD C

Now You See No

SPECTACLE JUXTAPOSITION OF HOMELESS

Individual W Instructor: Mario Gooden January 2016-Ma

CIRCUS

ow You Don’t

S PEOPLE AND URBAN ENVIRONMENT

Work n, Carson Smuts ay 2016

7383 Homeless 4862 Live on Open Streets

I. The Real Cape Town Behind It’s Myth

Invisible homeless in Cape Town According to the “Street People Research 2014/15”, there are 7383 homeless people in Cape Town in 2015, and 4862 of them lives on streets without shelter. 63% of these street people live on open streets. Furthermore, Cape Town city bowl, where most tourist stay, is also an area in which lives 27% of the homeless. As the most popular place among these two bunches of people, it seems the city bowl is facing a complex situation.

The Game of Occupy and Reoccupy

The flow of two bunches of people form a special ever-changing landscape of Cape Town. It’s like an interactive performance take place between tourists and the homeless. It’s like hide and seek in urban environment. In the daytime, tourists occupy the beach and the mountain, enjoy the sunshine, some homeless disguise as normal people to work, some others take a rest in the shadow, those who go begging would like to expose themselves to the public. At night, the situation reverses, the tourists go back to the city, the homeless go to rural area.

It’s a game of appear and disappear, presence and absence, and a performance of some places being occupied and reoccupied again and again, day by day.

7383 Homeless 4862 Live on Open Streets

Invisible homeless in Cape Town According to the “Street People Research 2014/15”, there are 7383 homeless people in Cape Town in 2015, and 4862 of them lives on streets without shelter. 63% of these street people live on open streets. Furthermore, Cape Town city bowl, where most tourist stay, is also an area in which lives 27% of the homeless. As the most popular place among these two bunches of people, it seems the city bowl is facing a complex situation.

The Game of Occupy and Reoccupy

The flow of two bunches of people form a special ever-changing landscape of Cape Town. It’s like an interactive performance take place between tourists and the homeless. It’s like hide and seek in urban environment. In the daytime, tourists occupy the beach and the mountain, enjoy the sunshine, some homeless disguise as normal people to work, some others take a rest in the shadow, those who go begging would like to expose themselves to the public. At night, the situation reverses, the tourists go back to the city, the homeless go to rural area.

It’s a game of appear and disappear, presence and absence, and a performance of some places being occupied and reoccupied again and again, day by day.

II. MODEL STUDY Shadow of the City I made part of the situationist map into a physical model. With both day and night street views printed on film papers on a ring, I could get the street view of a certain small area (like a crossroad) when twirling the ring. Some places, like parking lots, are open to the homeless at night, because no one else is using it, but it is closed to the homeless in that it is occupied by cars during the day. There’s diverse mode of occupation at the same place. The model shows the exactly how these places are open and closed to homeless people, and the changes run in a cycle.

The Grand Parade is a typical place with homeless people show up at night, and disappear during the day. In addition, it’s already a big soup kitchen for homeless. The surrounding neighborhood includes almost all kinds of spaces that homeless people like, such as Cape Town Station, overpass, residential area, hospital and local markets. Therefore, the Grand Parade and its surrounding blocks could be an ideal area for further study.

In night time mode, when I turn on the LED lights inside of the rings, there are projections of street views on the wall. The projections are overlapped, composing more complicated images. The darkest part in the image indicates the most ideal place for the homeless. The streets behind the darkest part are picked out, to drive the circus along.

III.NYSNYD CIRCUS Moving Vehicles of NYSNYD Circus NYSNYD means “now you see now you don’t”. The circus moving in the city should works as the Knight Bus in Harry Potter. It provides the homeless what they want, and one the other hand, it does not interrupt other people’s life. Homeless people have various needs from day to night. They need bath, clothes, food, education during the day, and beds, warmth at night.

The Grand Parade would be the home base of the mobile circus. In the daytime, small gadgets- inflatable public bathroom, free clothes store, mobile library, soup kitchen-are deployed to go into the shadow of the city along the daytime route, provide them safe places for various activities. On the Grand Parade, the empty “crane towers” work as a sight-seeing tower for tourist people, to enjoy the view of Cape Town city bowl.

At night, the small gadgets come back to the Grand Parade, and mobile cellular hotels come out to pick up homeless people.

NYSNYD Circus as Urban Infrastructure The NYSNYD Circus works as the door between the two worlds, through which we can donate food and clothes to who have needs, and homeless people could enter our world with clean clothes and healthy body. It’s the medium with which we could get in touch with each other in a gentle way. The two worlds could overlap, and finally merge into one.

The unique character of Cape Town - extreme happiness with spectacular scenery- could give another the circus another meaning. While it’s a moving service space, it could also be a space providing entertainment and pleasure. Overlapped function with the existing urban environment could serve more people.

The circus could be run by homeless people. In this way, it not only creates more job opportunities, but also shows us how the homeless could change the city.

1. Unload stuffs and trash, vehicle washing 2. Vehicle washing 3. Storage room which recycle the carriage on the frame; kitchen which produce and upload food onto vehicles before they are deployed into the city 4. Cooking class for homeless people 5. Food court with chefs and waiters trained inside circus; theatres offer both ourdoor and indoor performances 6. Sightseeing bar which goes through the frame, where tourists enjoy the view of table mountain and city of cape town

The entrance of vehicles is located on the north side of Grand Parade.

Vehicles go through markets and bring fresh ingredients to the kitchen.

Back Stage and Front Stage The track frame for vehicles divided Grand Parade into to parts: the north part, which works as the back stage of the circus, and the south part, which works as the front stage of the circus.

In back stage, homeless people who still want a job get dressed and trained for cooking, operating the vehicles, maintaince of gadgets and performing. Those who get enough trainned could go to the front stage, working in the food court and theatres.

On the ground of Grand Parade, there are laundry shop, baby sitting station and other daily service station run by trained homeless people. Citizens could drop and pick up on their way to work or back home.

The main entrance is located on Castle Street, with a Red Tour Bus Stop nearby.

The canopy provides shed for the bus stop.

The ground of Grand Parade now become a pleasant and fun place to sit and take a rest. The circus casts enough shadow here. You can see vehicles passing by and food being delievered above your head.

New Image of Cape Town Looking through the track frame of NYSNYD Circus, you could see the hope of Cape Town. It is dealing homeless problem in a positive way with fun and enjoyment.

OTHER WORKS 1 X-information New possiblities of Time Warner Center

Time Warner Center is a twin-tower building. The total floor area of 260,000 square metres (2800000 sq ft) is divided between offices, residential condominiums,the Mandarin Oriental and New York Hotel. The problem is that, it cast to much shadow on residential buildings north to it.

With grasshopper, we analysized all possiblities for one tower and two towers, to find out a most energy efficient volume for it.

Objectives

20%

10%

25%

20%

10%

15%

Comparisons of top 4

Shadow casting analysis at Columbus Circle of final choice

2 Super Flat Post-war Japanese Architecture Seminar 100 wired housing plan collection and analysis

間取り madori = ‘grasping space‘