CFM China Fastener Magazine Issue 37

Tengda Technology Successfully

Listed on SZSE, Marking the Birth of the First Fastener-listed Company in 2024

On January 19, 2024, Shandong Tengda Fasten Tech. Co., Ltd. (Stock Code: 001379), a leading Chinese stainless steel fastener manufacturer, successfully conducted its initial public offering (IPO) on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE). This signifies a significant milestone in China's fastener industry for the year 2024, as Tengda Technology becomes the first listed fastener enterprise of the year.

In the listing hall of SZSE, Chairman Chen Peijun, along with various leaders and distinguished guests, jointly witnessed the historic moment of the company ringing the bell, ushering in new opportunities for the development of China's stainless steel fastener industry.

Since its inception, Tengda Technology has been dedicated to the research, production, and sales of stainless steel fastener products, including bolts, nuts, screws, washers, etc. The IPO raised about RMB 849 million, which is planned to be used for the expansion and technical transformation of stainless steel fasteners, the expansion of fastener product lines and the construction of supporting

production lines, the construction of production and intelligent storage bases for stainless steel fasteners, as well as the replenishment of working capital.

Chairman Chen emphasized that Tengda Technology's successful entry into the capital market is a pivotal and milestone achievement for the company. Tenda Technology will strictly comply with laws and regulations, and operate in a honest and standardized manner. The company will rigorously fulfill its disclosure obligations and effectively safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of investors. Simultaneously, Tengda Technology pledges to continue creating more returns for investors and generating greater value for society.

Looking ahead, Tengda Technology will always maintain a humble and respectful attitude towards the industry, steadfastly advancing towards the goal of becoming a "worldrenowned stainless steel fastener manufacturer, sales integrator, and provider of specialized fastener technology solutions".

The Third Session of the First Membership Conference of Yongnian Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export was Successfully Convened

On January 8, 2024, the Third Session of the First Membership Conference of Yongnian Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export took place at the Yongnian Fastener Expo Center, China. The conference brought together elites from the foreign trade, hardware and fasteners industries from all over the country to collectively explore and embark on a new chapter in the development of Yongnian's foreign trade.

In attendance at the event was Zhang Ning, the Chief of Yongnian District, who delivered a significant address. He emphasized the crucial role of the Yongnian Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export in driving regional economic development, and expressed high expectations for the future development of the Chamber. He affirmed the government's commitment to further supporting the Chamber's initiatives, providing more policy and resource support for member enterprises, and jointly propelling the economic prosperity of Yongnian District.

Yang Zhuqiang, the President of the Yongnian Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export, presented a comprehensive summary of the work in 2023 and outlined the work plan for 2024. She meticulously reviewed the

outstanding achievements of the Chamber over the past year and acknowledged the remarkable results achieved through the collaborative efforts of Chamber members under the guidance of the Yongnian District Committee, District Government, and District Commerce Bureau. Looking ahead, the Chamber will continue to strengthen organizational development, expand its scale, enhance cohesion, and better serve its member enterprises, contributing to the global influence of "Yongnian Manufacturing."

The meeting also featured a splendid commendation ceremony, where the Chamber awarded honor medals to the Top Ten Leading Export Member Enterprises, the Top Ten Member Enterprises with the Most Export Potential, Excellent Member Enterprises, and Outstanding Groups, recognizing their outstanding performance over the past year.

Furthermore, the conference invited several distinguished guests to share their valuable experiences in overseas trade, providing participants with a valuable platform for exchange and learning. This gathering not only strengthened interaction and collaboration among Chamber members but also injected new vitality into the further development of the Yongnian Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export.

YuXing Fastener (Jiaxing) Co., Ltd. Successfully Passes the Deliberation Meeting of the Listing Committee of BSE

On January 8, 2024, the result of the first deliberation meeting of the listing committee of Beijing Stock Exchange (BSE) in 2024 showed that the initial application of YuXing Fastener (Jiaxing) Co., Ltd. has been approved, marking the official initiation of its journey towards listing.

As one of the leading enterprises in China's fasteners industry, Yuxing Fastener has been committed to the research, production and sale of nut series products. With top-notch products and exceptional services, Yuxing Fastener has established itself as a globally trusted brand. The company employs high-quality raw materials and advanced cold heading processes to ensure the high quality and reliability of its products. Its nuts, produced using these processes, are widely distributed globally and well-received by users, primarily in countries such as Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Italy,

the United States, South America, as well as China's industrial developed regions.

Yuxing Fastener consistently adheres to strict quality control, capable of producing nuts that comply with Chinese GB standards, international ISO standards, German DIN standards, American ANSI standards, British BS standards, Italian UNI standards, and various non-standard nuts. This commitment ensures its products maintain a competitive edge in the global market.

As outlined in the prospectus, Yuxing Fastener plans to raise a total of 290 million yuan in funds, primarily allocated to the investment project for an annual output of 35,000 tons of high-strength fasteners. This investment plan will further solidify the company's leading position in the fastener industry and meet the growing market demands.

FAA Update: United and Alaska Air Discover Loose Hardware Issues with Boeing 737 Max 9s

United and Alaska Airlines revealed loose hardware issues on Boeing 737 Max 9s following the grounding spurred by a blownout panel incident during an Alaska Airlines flight.

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) grounded dozens of 737 Max 9s after the midflight panel blowout on Alaska Flight 1282.

Alaska Airlines emphasized safety as a priority, stating that no aircraft would resume service until formal reviews were complete. United acknowledged installation issues found during preliminary inspections and was dedicated to remedying them for safe operations.

Boeing issued a statement and expressed regret over the impact on passengers. The company was committed to meeting safety and quality standards.

According to the investigation, no one was seriously injured in the accident. The National Transportation Safety

Board underscored potential risks at cruising altitude. Boeing CEO Dave Calhoun reassured stakeholders of ongoing improvements and canceled a company leadership summit.

The latest report from the US "Wall Street Journal (WSJ)" on January 29 stated that there are signs suggesting the Alaska Airlines plane lacked bolts when it left Boeing factory.

The Solid Foundation of China's Antarctic New Station: The "Antarctic Bolts" Made in China

In the vast expanse of the southernmost ice fields on Earth, China is actively constructing its fifth Antarctic research station, the Ross Sea New Station. This new station marks not only a new milestone in China's Antarctic scientific exploration, but also a significant stride for humanity in the quest to explore uncharted territories. The Ross Sea has the largest ice shelf in the world, the Ross Ice Shelf, and its unique geographical location provides unique conditions for scientific research, allowing China to improve its scientific research level and make contributions to global environmental protection and climate research.

However, building in the harsh conditions of the Antarctic frontier is no easy feat. In such extreme temperatures as those at the Ross Sea New Station, ordinary steel will become fragile and prone to fracture. Coupled with frequent strong winds in the region, ensuring the structural integrity of the new station's steel framework posed a significant challenge.

Due to the absence of welding conditions on-site in Antarctica, a special connection method called bolted connection was employed in the construction of the Ross Sea New Station's steel structure. Over 70,000 sets of high-strength bolts made in China played a crucial role in this process. These bolts not only had to withstand extreme cold, but also face the

challenges of strong winds and ice and snow.

These "Antarctic bolts" are not ordinary fasteners, they are specially designed and manufactured fasteners. Yang Zhaojun, the general manager of a fastener enterprise in Anhui, said that these steel bars are actually special weather-resistant steel, which contains more than a dozen special elements compared to ordinary steel. These special elements enhance the steel's cold resistance and toughness, enabling it to maintain stable performance in extremely low-temperature environments.

Moreover, the manufacturing process of these bolts is highly rigorous. The "warm forging" process ensures that the steel does not crack during processing. Subsequently, these formed bolts undergo heat treatment and chemical treatment to enhance their weather resistance and delayed cracking resistance. Among every 3,000 sets of bolts, 8 sets are randomly selected for impact performance testing in simulated extreme cold conditions to ensure their reliability.

Behind a seemingly ordinary bolt lies the dedication and intelligence of research teams and workers. It is these carefully crafted "Antarctic bolts" that have become the key cornerstone ensuring the sturdiness and durability of the steel structure of the Antarctic New Station, making outstanding contributions to China's Antarctic scientific exploration.

Hillman Celebrates 60th Anniversary

Hillman Solutions Corp. ("Hillman"), a preeminent provider of hardware products and merchandising solutions, proudly commemorates its 60th anniversary on January 29, 2024.

Established in 1964 and headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio, Hillman and its subsidiaries stand at the forefront of North American enterprises offering complete hardware solutions.

Since its inception, Hillman has transcended its origins as a modest distributor of fasteners and hardware catering to independently owned hardware stores in Southern Ohio and Northern Kentucky. Over the decades, it has evolved into the leading provider of hardware solutions, protective solutions, and robotics and digital solutions within the home improvement industry across North America, with an annual revenue of $1.5 billion.

Doug Cahill, Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer of Hillman, expressed, "The Hillman Group's culture, values, and business model have withstood the test of time for

a reason. Our commitment to our customers is second to none, something our company's founder, Max Hillman, instilled and fostered from the start and his two sons, Mick and Rick Hillman, continued for 30 years. We continue to honor the Hillman Family's humble beginnings and the roots of this company: ensuring exemplary service, support, and always going the extra mile. We look forward to celebrating this major achievement with our greatest asset, our dedicated associates, throughout 2024."

Despite Hillman's expansion to serve over 46,000 locations nationwide with a diverse product portfolio of 112,000 SKUs, the company continues to adopt a small-company approach to customer service. Hillman consistently receives the Vendor of the Year Awards by top customers.

Jeffrey F. Koehl: New Chairman of SPIROL International Holding Corporation

SPIROL, a leading expert in fastening, joining and assembly, announced the appointment of Jeffrey F. Koehl as the new Chairman of SPIROL International Holding Corporation.

Jeff has been a part of SPIROL since 1997 and has served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of SPIROL International Corporation since 2010. He succeeds his father, Hans H. Koehl, who passed away on November 30, 2023. Hans transformed SPIROL from a small, family-owned business in Northeast Connecticut into a worldrenowned manufacturing company with locations on four continents and in 13 countries.

Established in 1948 (then called Connecticut Engineering and Manufacturing Company), SPIROL was co-founded by Hans' father and Jeff's grandfather, Herman J. Koehl, Hans A. Prym, and Walther G. von Conta. Remarkably, 75 years later, the families of the three founding members are all still intimately

involved with the company, with two serving as Directors on the Board.

Jeff holds a bachelor's degree in biomedical engineering from Brown University and an MBA from Boston College. Accumulating over 26 years of experience at SPIROL, he has held a number of leadership positions prior to his appointment as Chairman and CEO of SPIROL International Corp. Under his direction, SPIROL has achieved profound success and growth, marked by the establishment of numerous wholly-owned subsidiaries, and the recent acquisition of Ford Aerospace in South Shields, England.

With his proven accomplishments and demonstrated capacity to lead the company through numerous challenges, Jeff has the complete faith of the shareholders and support of the Board of Directors. According to Peter von Conta, NonExecutive Director of SPIROL and grandson of co-founder Walther G. von Conta, " As we embark on an increasingly complex period of industry transformation, Jeff is uniquely equipped to lead us through this pivotal era. We are excited about the future of SPIROL and look forward to the Company's next chapter under Jeff's strategic leadership as Chairman of the Board."

Würth Group: Sales Surpass EUR 20 Billion in 2023

The Würth Group, a prominent global market leader specializing in the development, production, and sale of assembly and fastening materials, reported a historic milestone with annual sales surpassing EUR 20 billion, as revealed in its preliminary financial statements for the fiscal year 2023.

Despite challenging global economic and political conditions, the Group achieved sales growth of 2.4%. Adjusted for currencies, with a sales increase of 3.5%. The operating result is expected to be below the previous year's result at EUR 1.4 billion (EUR 1.6 billion in 2022), representing the secondbest result in the Group's history.

Sources:

www.luosi.com

www.tdfastener.com

www.hdyn.gov.cn

www.yuxingnuts.com

tv.cctv.com

Robert Friedmann, Chairman of the Central Management Board of the Würth Group, said, "Considering the prevailing global economic conditions, we are content with the performance in the past fiscal year. The attainment of the EUR 20 billion sales mark represents a significant milestone for us, signifying a doubling of our sales volume over the last nine years."

The Press Conference on the Annual Financial Statements of the Würth Group for the 2023 fiscal year is scheduled to take place in a hybrid format at the Reinhold Würth Innovation Center CURIO in Künzelsau, Germany, on Tuesday, May 14, 2024.

www.cnbc.com

www.wsj.com

www.hillmangroup.com

www.wuerth.com

www.spirol.com

Based

on Small Packaging Service

CHINFAST Expands DIY Fasteners Market in Europe and America

In order to further strengthen the link with the demand of first-tier retailers and distributors in Europe and the U.S., CHINFAST, having deeply engaged in the industrial fastener production for nearly 20 years, has been actively expanding its business from the production of advanced multi-purpose screws, timber fixing screws and decking screws made of 10B21 and C1022 to the DIY fasteners packaging service over the past 5 years. In the ever-changing global market, it hopes to create a new milestone for sustainable business development.

Diverse DIY fasteners packaging service intelligent ERP production management

Unlike typical mass production lines, DIY fasteners packaging are characterized by small quantities and diverse categories, which are more time-consuming and labor-intensive, and therefore must be adjusted in a timely manner according to product attributes and quantities. In view of this,

CHINFAST not only provides various tool boxes, plastic boxes/ bins, blisters, blister boxes, cardboards, polybags and various color boxes for customers to choose, but also provides 100% customized service according to customers' requirements.

"Backed by a strong professional team, we have introduced the ERP smart factory management system from production to packaging to ensure the flexibility and traceability. All products are controlled by the automated warehouse, and the automatic

packaging line with more than 10 semi-automatic packaging machines is also directly connected to the stereoscopic warehouse, and the AGV automatic shuttle vehicles are applied to transport the goods directly to each packaging table, which effectively saves the goods delivery time and enhances the packaging efficiency and flexibility," said CHINFAST.

Professional packaging team and equipment create a smooth one-stop service

CHINFAST has nearly 60 packaging staff with years of experience to assist customers in designing the optimized packaging methods to achieve twice the result with half the effort. At the same time, it has also worked with the automated packaging equipment factory to successfully develop 4 models (totally 12 sets) of packaging equipment which best fit the characteristics of their products, enabling them to significantly

improve the packaging efficiency. From production to packaging, it completely follows the ISO 9001 specification. There are 6 QC employees to conduct strict quality inspection from raw materials to finished products, and all testing data are kept in record to ensure traceability.

"As an emerging DIY fastener factory, although DIY fastener packaging service currently only accounts for 6% of our annual export volume and in 2022 our total sales reached 7,500 containers, we are confident that we can perform better in the next few years," said CHINFAST.

CE certified ETA certification application in progress

CHINFAST has been active in increasing its competitive edge in recent years. In addition to getting many screws CE certificates, its wholly-owned Haiyan Yousun Enterprise Co., Ltd (Factory code:C788) has also successfully obtained the favorable 39.6% tax rate in Europe. In the future, if it successfully obtains the ETA certification, together with DIY fastener packaging service, it is expected to increase its proportion and competitiveness of screws exported to Europe.

"With the challenges of global economic contraction, customer demand weakening, unstable raw materials prices and exchange rates, we will continue to refine our capability, cherish every order, provide the best service, and be more dedicated to the DIY fasteners' field. " said CHINFAST.

Dynamics and Future Vision of China's New Energy Vehicle Market in 2023

1 Introduction

As global concerns over climate change and environmental issues intensify, the spotlight on new energy vehicles grows brighter for governments and consumers. In the context of being the world's largest automotive market, China's developments in the new energy vehicle sector are particularly noteworthy. This article delves into the current state of China's new energy vehicle market in 2023, explores the challenges and opportunities it faces, and envisions future trends.

2 Current landscape

2. 1 Data analysis

·Market share continues to expand: In recent years, the Chinese new energy vehicle market has exhibited a rapid and robust growth trajectory. Based on the information provided by the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM),

in 2023, the production and sales of vehicles in China reached 30.161 million and 30.094 million units, respectively, marking year-on-year increases of 11.6% and 12%. Compared to the previous year, the growth rate of production rose by 8.2%, while the sales growth rate increased by 9.9%. Notably, the development of the new energy vehicle segment has been particularly remarkable. In 2023, the production and sales of new energy vehicles reached 9.587 million and 9.495 million units, reflecting year-on-year growth rates of 35.8% and 37.9%, respectively. The market share reached 31.6%, a 5.9% increase compared with last year.

The information released by the China Passenger Car Association (CPCA) reveals a remarkable surge in the sales of new energy passenger vehicles in 2023, reaching 7.736 million units, marking a substantial year-on-year growth of 36.2%.

Figure 2 illustrates the proportion of sales between internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles and new energy vehicles (NEV) from December 2022 to December 2023. The percentage

Figure 1: Sales volume and growth rate of new energy vehicles from 2013 to 2023

INSIGHT

of new energy vehicle sales exhibits a fluctuating upward trend, indicating the development potential of the new energy vehicle market.

These data underscore the significance of China's new energy vehicles as a driving force in the vehicle industry. With sustained policy support and an increasing consumer focus on environmental sustainability and energy efficiency, the new energy vehicle market is poised to maintain rapid growth, further expanding its market share.

·Impressive performance in exports: China's vehicle exports have reached a new peak, playing a crucial role in driving the growth of vehicle production and sales. The statistics from the CAAM show that in 2023, China's vehicle exports reached 4.91 million units, marking a remarkable year-on-year growth of 57.9%. Exports contributed significantly to a 55.7% increase in the overall sales volume. Among them, internal combustion engine vehicle exports reached 3.707 million units, showing a growth of 52.4%.

Notably, exports of new energy vehicles reached 1.203 million units, registering a remarkable growth of 77.6% and standing out as a highlight in China's vehicle export growth. Chinese new energy vehicles have seen significant improvements in technology, quality, and brand recognition, offering high cost-effectiveness and competitiveness, gaining acknowledgment in the international market. The future prospects of the new energy vehicle market are vast, and China's new energy vehicles have immense export potential.

2. 2 Policy support and industry development

The Chinese government is committed to propelling the development of the new energy vehicle industry through a series of supportive policies, including:

·Purchase tax reduction: Consumers purchasing new energy vehicles enjoy tax reductions, effectively lowering the cost of ownership.

·Free parking and charging: In certain cities, new energy vehicle owners benefit from free parking in public spaces and enjoy discounted or free charging services.

·Government subsidies: The government provides certain subsidies to relevant enterprises and individuals to encourage the R&D and promotion of new energy vehicles.

·Infrastructure development: Increased government investment in infrastructure, including charging and exchanging stations, ensures robust support for the widespread adoption of

new

energy vehicles.

Under policy impetus, China's new energy vehicle industry experiences rapid progress and significant momentum. Additionally, China actively engages in the establishment of international standards for new energy vehicles, fostering global cooperation and communication. This proactive involvement serves to enhance the international competitiveness of China's new energy vehicle industry.

2. 3 Continuous technological advancements

Chinese new energy vehicle enterprises achieve noteworthy breakthroughs in technology, particularly in battery technology, motor control, and intelligent driving.

·Battery technology: China has officially formulated national development strategies for "carbon peak" and "carbon neutrality", and the development of advanced battery technology is a key to achieve these goals. Chinese companies make notable progress in battery range, charging speed, and safety. Advances in high-energy-density batteries contribute to increased range and shorter charging times, instilling confidence in consumers.

·Motor control technology: Through independent research and innovation, Chinese enterprises develop efficient and stable motor control systems, providing strong support for the dynamic performance and driving stability of new energy vehicles.

·Intelligent driving technology: Leveraging

Figure 2: Proportion of sales between internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles and new energy vehicles (NEV)

developments in artificial intelligence and sensor technology, Chinese new energy vehicle enterprises make remarkable strides in intelligent driving. Technologies such as autonomous driving, smart navigation, and internet of vehicles (IOV) enhance the driving experience.

These technological advancements not only elevate the performance of new energy vehicles but also reinforce consumer trust, laying a solid foundation for the market's sustainable growth.

2. 4 Intensifying market competition

As the market expands, competition in China's new energy vehicle market grows fiercer. Major automotive brands strategically enter the market, launching their own new energy vehicle products. The escalating competition stimulates progress in technology and product quality.

·Innovative development by enterprises: Faced with intense market competition, Chinese automotive enterprises increase R&D investments, actively driving technological innovation and product upgrades. Some companies enhance their brand image, market share, and competitiveness by introducing high-end brands or expanding into niche markets.

·Cross-industry entry of emerging tech companies: Some emerging technology companies venture into the new energy vehicle sector, injecting new vitality into the Chinese market through technological and business model innovations. Through independent R&D or cooperation with automotive enterprises, these companies introduce competitive new energy vehicle products.

The intensification of competition will also strongly promote the progress of China's new energy vehicle market.

3 Challenges and opportunities

3. 1 Technological bottlenecks

Despite notable breakthroughs in technology by Chinese new energy vehicle enterprises, they still face challenges posed by technological bottlenecks. Areas such as battery range, charging times, and safety have substantial room for improvement. Moreover, in emerging technologies like autonomous driving and artificial intelligence, China lags behind developed countries. Exploring strategies to overcome these technological barriers and enhance product performance is crucial for the development of the new energy vehicle market.

3. 2 Lagging infrastructure development

Charging infrastructure, as the foundational support for new energy vehicles, significantly influences the convenience and popularity. Currently, China's charging infrastructure development lags behind, with the quantity and distribution density of charging stations falling short of market demands. Various factors contribute to this situation, encompassing issues related to land, funds, and electricity. To expedite the widespread adoption of new energy vehicles, concerted efforts from the government and various sectors of society are required to propel the development of charging infrastructure.

3. 3 Escalating international competition

As the new energy vehicle market experiences rapid growth, international competition intensifies. More foreign brands are entering the Chinese market, engaging in fierce competition with advanced technology and brand advantages. International brands hold a strong position in technology, performance, and brand recognition, capturing a certain market share and exerting pressure on the Chinese new energy vehicle market. Therefore, Chinese new energy vehicle enterprises must strengthen independent innovation to enhance the core competitiveness of their products.

Furthermore, the uncertainty in the international trade environment poses risks and challenges to the Chinese new energy vehicle market. With the rise of global trade protectionism, some countries are imposing tariffs and trade restrictions on imported new energy vehicles, potentially impacting China's exports. Chinese new energy vehicle enterprises need to remain vigilant about the dynamics of the international market and flexibly address various challenges.

4 Future vision

4. 1 Sustained expansion of market scale

With technological advancements and increasing consumer awareness, the outlook for the Chinese new energy vehicle market indicates sustained expansion. Government support for policies will continue to strengthen, infrastructure development will accelerate, and consumer acceptance of new energy vehicles is expected to rise continuously. Over the coming years, it is anticipated that the sales volume of new energy vehicles in China will maintain a high-speed growth trend.

4. 2 Continuous elevation of technological standards

In the future, the Chinese new energy vehicle market will strive to achieve significant breakthroughs in technology. Considerable improvements are expected in battery range, substantial reductions in charging times, and enhanced safety measures. Simultaneously, emerging technologies like autonomous driving and artificial intelligence will find widespread applications, unlocking more possibilities for new energy vehicles. The continuous progress in technology will further propel the rapid development of China's new energy vehicle market.

4. 3 Accelerated infrastructure development

To expedite the widespread adoption of new energy vehicles, the government will increase investments in

the construction of new energy vehicle infrastructure. The quantity and distribution density of charging stations will see improvements and making usage more convenient. On December 20, 2023, during the opening ceremony of the 2023 China Electric Vehicle Charging and Exchanging Ecosystem Summit, the China Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Promotion Alliance (EVCIPA) officially released the "20222023 Annual Report on the Development of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure in China." The report covers the development of the charging infrastructure industry, the development priorities and innovative models of charging and exchanging policies, etc. For the future development direction, the report believes that the charging and exchanging industry will experience increased innovation and integration. Simultaneously, the rapid deployment of charging stations will facilitate a shift towards high-quality charging services. The accelerated development of infrastructure will provide solid support for the growth of the new energy vehicle market.

5 Conclusion

In summary, the Chinese new energy vehicle market demonstrated notable growth in 2023. The market scale continues to expand, and technological standards are on a continual rise. However, it is not without challenges, including technological bottlenecks, lagging infrastructure development, and escalating international competition. In the upcoming years, the Chinese new energy vehicle market is poised for sustained expansion, accompanied by continuous technological advancements and accelerated infrastructure development. A collaborative effort from the government, enterprises, and consumers is imperative to propel the development of the new energy vehicle market, making substantial contributions to addressing climate change and environmental concerns.

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Steel Horizons 2023: Navigating the Chinese Steel Market

1 Introduction

China, as a key participant in the global steel industry, its market changes have a significant impact on the worldwide steel market. In 2023, within the context of intricate changes in China's external environment, the steel market displayed remarkable resilience and potential despite facing formidable challenges. This article comprehensively analyzes the state of the Chinese steel market in 2023 from various perspectives and provides a forward-looking outlook on its future development trends.

2 Production and consumption

In 2023, the Chinese steel industry, which was grappling with factors such as global economic fluctuations, environmental policy pressures, and technological upgrade challenges, demonstrated a resilient developmental trajectory.

In the realm of production, the Chinese steel market exhibited a relatively stable modest increase. As per data released by the China Iron and Steel Association, in 2023, China produced 1.019 billion tons of crude steel, which was flat year-on-year. Pig iron production reached 871 million tons, reflecting a 0.7% year-on-year increase, while steel production amounted to 1.363 billion tons, indicating a 5.2% year-on-year growth.

Meanwhile, the production of high-quality steel products experienced rapid growth. The market share of these products continued to grow, further propelling the structural optimization and upgrading of the entire industry. This indicates that Chinese steel enterprises are gradually moving away from the traditional development model with low technological content, transitioning towards high-quality and high-tech domains.

In terms of consumption, the Chinese steel market was struggling with evolving demands. With the steady

development of the Chinese economy and the adjustment of industrial structures, the demand for steel in manufacturing and infrastructure construction remained robust. Particularly, driven by the growth of emerging industries and new energy, there was a continuous increase in the market demand for high-end steel products.

However, the contraction in steel demand for the construction sector had a certain impact on the overall steel consumption. This phenomenon reveals a diminishing role of real estate in driving steel demand for construction. Besides, the transformation of building structures in the urbanization process also had an impact on the consumption structure of steel. This indicates that the steel consumption market is evolving towards diversification and quality-oriented development.

3 Factors influencing the steel industry

3.1 Factors affecting steel production

• Market demand: In 2023, the Chinese market demand showed a slight downward trend. However, with the continuous development of China's economy, emerging steel demands such as those for new energy consistently

Table 1: China's steel production in 2023 (10,000 tons)

rose. The rapid development of industries such as wind power, photovoltaics, and new energy vehicles not only propelled the increase in steel production but also sparked strong market demand for high-quality steel. This provided steel enterprises with abundant market opportunities and vast development space.

On the international front, Chinese steel exports showed a noticeable upward trend. In the light of the latest data from the General Administration of Customs of the People's Republic of China, China's steel exports reached a staggering 90.26 million tons in 2023, marking a remarkable 36.2% year-onyear growth. As depicted in Figure 1, this year's steel export volume reached a new high since 2017. This significant growth not only highlighted the strong competitiveness of Chinese steel in the global market but also reflected international recognition of Chinese steel. The increase in exports indicated a rise in international demand for Chinese steel, and this growing demand would directly drive steel enterprises to expand production scale and enhance output to meet the requirements of export orders.

• Raw material price: Within the production cost of steel, raw materials such as iron ore and coking coal hold a significant proportion. In 2023, the price of iron ore exhibited a pattern of initial increase, subsequent decrease, followed by another upswing. Simultaneously, the market price of coking coal experienced fluctuations, demonstrating a trend of initial decline followed by an ascent. The volatility in these

raw material prices can impact the production costs of steel enterprises and potentially influence output.

In summary, under the combined influence of factors such as market demand and raw material prices, Chinese steel production in 2023 showed a certain growth trend. However, it also faced challenges and uncertainties.

3. 2 Factors affecting steel consumption

• Economic: In 2023, economic factors undeniably occupied a central position among the factors influencing steel consumption in China. Data released by the National Bureau of Statistics clearly reflected this, concurrently revealing trends in steel consumption. Among them, infrastructure investment increased by 5.9%. The increase in infrastructure projects typically requires substantial material support, including steel. Therefore, this growth drove the demand for steel, providing the steel industry with a larger market space. Manufacturing investment saw a growth of 6.5%, further driving the increase in steel consumption. The close association between the development of the manufacturing sector and steel consumption arises from the significant reliance on steel in the production processes of manufacturing. This growth indicated an increasing demand for steel in the manufacturing industry, ultimately fueling the overall growth in steel consumption. However, real estate development investment declined by 9.6%, exerting a certain negative impact on steel consumption.

Figure 1: China's steel export volume and growth rate from 2017 to 2023 (10,000 tons)

• Industry structural adjustment and technological advancement: Apart from economic factors, industry structural adjustment and technological advancement also played crucial roles in influencing steel consumption in China in 2023. As the manufacturing industry underwent a transformation towards highend and intelligent processes, and with the rapid development of emerging industries such as new energy vehicles and wind power equipment, the demand for special and high-quality steel continued to rise. Simultaneously, research and application of new materials, the promotion of new processes, etc., contributed to a gradual reduction in traditional steel consumption areas, providing opportunities for the development of new consumption sectors.

Taking these factors into account, the steel consumption landscape in China in 2023 presented a complex scenario. While the growth in infrastructure and manufacturing investments provided impetus to steel consumption, the decline in real estate development investment exerted a certain suppressive effect. Additionally, the upgrading of traditional industries and the development of emerging industries increased the demand for high-end steel. Overall, the steel consumption in China in 2023 exhibited a situation where slight decline coexisted with opportunities, and future trends would be influenced by macroeconomic conditions and policy factors.

4 Technological innovation

In 2023, the Chinese steel industry made significant strides in technological innovation and green development, setting a new benchmark for the global steel sector. Through technological innovation and green transformation, Chinese steel enterprises achieved substantial improvements in resource utilization efficiency and a notable reduction in pollutant emissions, laying a solid foundation for the industry's sustainable development.

Reducing carbon emissions in the steel industry is a key lever for the Chinese government to achieve the goals of "peak carbon" and "carbon neutrality". In pursuit of this, the Chinese steel industry has persistently focused on technological innovation and has achieved multiple results. The development and application of lowcarbon steel-making technologies have become industry highlights, enhancing production efficiency, reducing energy consumption, and significantly lowering emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. This not only serves as a crucial demonstration and leading role for the green and low-carbon development of the steel industry but also makes a positive contribution to global climate change. Additionally, Chinese steel enterprises have achieved notable success in the circular economy. Through the recycling of scrap steel and metallurgical waste, companies have realized the circular utilization of resources. This development model of a circular economy is not only beneficial for environmental protection but also brings substantial economic benefits to the steel industry.

INSIGHT

With the increasing global awareness of environmental protection and the expanding market for green consumption, steel enterprises are facing increasing pressure and challenges. Against this backdrop, Chinese steel enterprises can focus on the following aspects to achieve sustainable development goals:

• Increase research and development investment: Steel enterprises should actively explore and apply low-carbon steel-making technologies, energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies, etc., to enhance production efficiency, reduce energy consumption, and minimize greenhouse gas emissions. Collaboration with research institutions and universities for joint development of proprietary green technologies is encouraged.

• Optimize industrial structure: Steel enterprises should adjust product structures, develop high-valueadded, low-energy-consumption, and low-emission products to enhance product quality and competitiveness. Gradual elimination of outdated capacity is essential to drive industrial upgrading and transformation.

• Promote digital transformation: Steel enterprises should actively embrace information technology and big data, promoting digital transformation. Improving production efficiency through intelligent production and management contributes to green development.

5 Future outlook

In the future development of the Chinese steel market, numerous challenges and opportunities will be encountered.

The persisting issue of overcapacity remains a formidable challenge for the development of the Chinese steel industry. This may lead to intensified market competition, compressing the profit margins of enterprises. However, with the continuous enhancement of environmental standards and the gradual elimination of outdated capacity, the capacity utilization rate in the Chinese steel market is expected to improve. Enterprises need to increase investments in technological upgrades and environmental governance, driving the development of green production technologies and the circular economy to enhance capacity utilization and reduce production costs.

The adjustment and upgrading of product structures will be a focal point for the development of the Chinese steel industry. As traditional industries undergo upgrading and emerging industries thrive, the demand for high-quality products continues to rise. Enterprises must strengthen product research and development, fostering innovation to

elevate product quality and meet the market's demand for high-performance steel.

On the international stage, Chinese steel enterprises also face certain challenges. Among them, the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is a factor that cannot be ignored. Since October 1, 2023, the CBAM has entered the implementation transition period, potentially impacting Chinese steel enterprises. Furthermore, other trade policies such as tariff barriers restrict the export of Chinese steel products. These policies create pressure for Chinese steel enterprises in the international market. Faced with these challenges, Chinese steel enterprises need to closely monitor the evolving dynamics of international trade policies for timely adjustments to production and export strategies. Meanwhile, strengthening technological research and development, upgrading processes, improving production efficiency, and reducing energy consumption are vital steps to enhance international competitiveness.

It can be seen that the Chinese steel market will continue to encounter challenges in the future, but opportunities are equally evident. Enterprises must proactively address challenges, seize opportunities, and enhance technological innovation and green development to achieve sustainable development goals. Moreover, cooperation between the government and enterprises is essential to drive industry upgrades and transformation. Only through such efforts can the Chinese steel market maintain a competitive edge in the global market and usher in broader prospects for development.

6 Conclusion

In the dynamic and complex landscape of 2023, the Chinese steel market demonstrated remarkable resilience and potential. Despite facing numerous challenges, the industry's development trends show a positive trajectory. Through means such as technological innovation, green development, and industrial structural adjustments, the Chinese steel industry is poised to achieve high-quality development goals. Looking ahead, the Chinese steel market will continue to play a crucial role on the global stage, contributing to the advancement of the world steel industry. Sources:

Grand Metal : Fastening the Future with Quality and Innovation

As a seasoned enterprise in the fastener industry, Dongguan Grand Metal Company Limited (DGM) has been dedicated to the research and production of self-clinching fasteners, rivet nuts and precision parts since its establishment in 2003. DGM is committed to providing high-quality products and excellent services. Throughout its long-term development, DGM has not only accumulated extensive industry experience but has also emerged as a shining star in the fastener industry through continuous innovation. Recently, we had the privilege of interviewing Mr. Zhu, the General Manager of Dongguan Grand Metal Company Limited, who shared the company's secrets to success and future plans.

1 Evolution Highlights

Since its inception, Dongguan Grand Metal Company Limited has consistently kept pace with market demands and

continuously optimized its product line. Through unremitting efforts and sustained innovation, the company has gradually grown into a leader in precision parts manufacturing with modern production lines. In this process, DGM has not only made significant progress in technology and quality but has also gained widespread recognition and positive reputation in the global market with its outstanding products and services.

In 2018, DGM achieved the IATF16949 certification for automotive industry product quality, marking a significant milestone in the industry. This certification not only demonstrates the company's capability to produce highquality automotive components but also signifies further acknowledgement of its position in the industry. The certification holds crucial significance for the company's future development, opening up broader markets and development opportunities.

2 Core Innovations

Dongguan Grand Metal Company Limited consistently places product innovation at the core of its development. The company's core products encompass a variety of fasteners, including self-clinching, riveting, cage nuts, brass inserts, coil insets, rose riveting, welding, CNC and other types of machining parts. These products play a crucial role in applications across various industries.

In its extensive production practices, Dongguan Grand Metal Company Limited follows the business philosophy of "integrity management, professional service, pragmatic work, and efficient execution" as a core principle. This commitment not only garners consistent praise from customers for the company's products and services but also establishes a positive corporate image and market reputation.

To ensure the quality and reliability of its products, DGM places special emphasis on quality control. Through 100% manual and optical screening, each fastener undergoes rigorous inspection, ensuring that its quality and performance meet customer expectations and requirements. This meticulous quality control system not only guarantees

product quality but also enhances the company's market competitiveness.

3 Tech Breakthroughs

In recent years, with the rapid development of technology and intensified market competition, technological innovation has become increasingly crucial in the fastener industry. For Dongguan Grand Metal Company Limited, the driving force behind technological innovation primarily stems from the pursuit of product quality and a keen insight into market demands. To maintain a competitive edge, the company has undertaken a series of innovations and breakthroughs in technology.

DGM has successfully obtained six technical patents related to the optimization of riveting products and associated processing technologies. These patents have ensured the performance and reliability of the company's products. Meanwhile, for large-scale products, the company successfully tackled technical and equipment challenges and achieved the goal of reducing costs and increasing efficiency. This not only enhances the company's reputation and brand image, but also delivers additional economic benefits to customers.

Furthermore, in addition to cold heading technology, under the guidance of external German technical experts, the company has conducted in-depth research and improvement in machining technology and assembly fixtures. These innovations have yielded remarkable achievements, not only enhancing the company's strength but also injecting new vitality into the overall development of the fastener industry.

4 Global Expansion

In the wave of globalization, Dongguan Grand Metal Company Limited steadfastly adheres to a market strategy of "rooted in China, with a global perspective". In recent years, with the rise of China's manufacturing sector and the enhancement of international competitiveness, DGM actively seizes opportunities to extend its development into overseas markets, with the goal of establishing enduring and stable partnerships with influential manufacturers and clients worldwide.

5 Future Goals

Looking ahead, Dongguan Grand Metal Company Limited has formulated clear and ambitious plans for its own development. DGM seeks a substantial scale-up, targeting a growth rate of 50% within the next 3-5 years. To realize this goal, the company will intensify investments in talent development, technical research and development, and market expansion. This strategy aims to enhance production efficiency and product quality to meet the continuously growing market demands.

• In talent development, Dongguan Grand Metal Company Limited places a high emphasis on the construction of core

technical personnel and service teams. Over the next few years, the company plans to cultivate a professional technical team of 10 individuals, and provide them with comprehensive training and career development planning to maintain its leading position in the industry. Meanwhile, the company will enhance the training of service teams to elevate customer satisfaction, and further solidify collaborative relationships with clients.

• Regarding product innovation, the company will continue to increase research and development efforts, consistently launching new products to diversify its product line. Within the next 3-5 years, the company plans to introduce 5-10 new product categories to meet the diverse market needs. Through ongoing technological innovation and market research, the company will continuously introduce more competitive products, driving business growth and expanding market share.

• International market expansion is also a crucial component of Dongguan Grand Metal Company Limited's development strategy. When conditions are favorable, DGM will consider setting up overseas manufacturing facilities for cooperation to better integrate into the international market and enhance its brand awareness and influence.

Conclusion

Dongguan Grand Metal Company Limited, guided by a developmental strategy centered on innovation, quality, and service, has demonstrated its strength in the fastener industry, earning the trust and support of clients. Facing the changing global market and increasing competition in the future, DGM is confident to cope with various challenges and seizing opportunities. In conclusion, as a dynamic and promising enterprise, we have every reason to believe that DGM will continue to write new chapters in the fastener industry.

Maintenance-Free Bolt and Nut Dual Interlocking Anti-Loosening Device

Authors: Shen Yimin[1], Li Yunyi[2], Shao Jianhua[2]

1 Shanghai Huanya Tool Factory (Hongkou 200082)

2 Shanghai Alefa Marine Equipment Co., Ltd. (Chongming 202156)

1 Cause of threaded connection loosening

TAbstract: The current online contact system components of China's electrified railway predominantly employ threaded connections. In practical operation, these threaded connections often experience loosening, and in some cases, even nut detachment, leading to safety accidents. The key to preventing loosening of threaded fasteners lies in inhibiting the relative rotation of the threaded connections. This article introduces a maintenance-free bolt and nut dual interlocking anti-loosening device, which has been granted a national utility model patent. Under vibrational conditions, the use of dual interlocking anti-loosening for threaded connections proves to be an exceptionally effective method. Through testing by relevant professional testing organizations, the antiloosening effect of this device is unique and novel, especially under static condition, the loosening torque value significantly exceeding the tightening torque value. This is a rarity in current anti-loosening measures for threaded connections, providing a solid technical foundation for the anti-loosening effect of this device and offering a novel selection for antiloosening devices in the domestic fastener industry.

Keywords: Thread, Anti-Loosening, Fastener, Technology

he acquisition of stable axial clamping force by threaded fasteners is essential to prevent connected components from experiencing displacement under working loads. Attaining stable axial clamping force with threaded fasteners is a crucial focus in the study of thread anti-loosening. The torque method, utilizing the linear relationship between torque values and preload force, is a controlling approach. However, during the tightening of threaded fasteners, 90% of the tightening torque is consumed by thread friction torque and bearing surface friction torque. To ensure the reliability of threaded connections, preload force should be determined based on actual usage condition and strength. Initial preload force must be achieved during installation and use. Relationship between clamping torque and preload force within the elastic range:

Tf=Ts+Tw=KFfd

where the thread torque Ts is related to the thread friction coefficient s, and the bearing surface torque Tw is related to the bearing surface friction coefficient w. Both s and w are related to the torque coefficient K. However, in extreme harsh working environments with severe vibrations or drastic temperature fluctuations, variations in friction coefficients, vibrations, changes in external alternating loads, and other factors contribute to a continuous loss of axial clamping force in threaded fasteners. This directly results in the weakening of axial clamping force. When the lateral stress applied to the fastener exceeds the axial clamping force, relative movement occurs between the fastener and the connected components. The clamping torque of the connected components continuously diminishes, gradually deteriorating into loosening and detachment. In essence, the key to preventing thread fastener loosening lies in inhibiting the relative rotation between the threaded connections and the connected components[1]

2 Common anti-loosening techniques

In recent years, various innovative anti-loosening fasteners have emerged, posing a new challenge for users in selecting the

most suitable ones. As fundamental mechanical components, fasteners are transitioning from structural to functional designs[2] The primary function of threaded connections is to ensure the reliable transmission of force or motion between connected structures. The most prevalent form of failure in threaded connections is loosening, marked by a decrease in clamping force. Threaded connection failure can lead to anything from minor abnormal sounds to significant safety incidents, emphasizing the crucial engineering and theoretical significance of studying the mechanism of anti-loosening. The axial clamping force is paramount in preventing thread loosening, which needs to be controlled during the tightening process. Currently, common tightening methods include torque control, torque-angle control, and yield point control.

Considering the rail vehicle industry, especially with components like bogies operating under varying loads, vibrations, and impacts, choosing reliable anti-loosening mechanisms is crucial for enhancing product quality and operational safety. One prevalent form of anti-loosening is structural anti-loosening[3] , utilizing the inherent structure of threaded connections to improve anti-loosening performance and has the characteristics of reusable. The maintenance-free bolt and nut dual interlocking anti-loosening device exemplify a structural anti-loosening method.

Based on extensive experimental data from literature and an analysis of the anti-loosening principles and pros/cons of various structural anti-loosening fasteners, the following insights were gained:

1. Standard spring washers, due to their simple installation and low cost, have seen widespread use in the rail industry. However, their anti-loosening performance is not entirely reliable,

posing certain risks.

2. Variable wedge thread anti-loosening technology, introduced from abroad and has gradually adapted to the needs of China's rail transportation industry after over a decade of improvements, offers reliable anti-loosening performance and has become a commonly used anti-loosening fastener in the rail industry.

3. The test selected double-stacked self-locking antiloosening washers, which have stable and reliable anti-loosening performance, comes with a relatively higher cost. Establishing standards and achieving localization would facilitate its widespread use in the rail transportation sector.

Different tightening methods result in varying axial forces, and anti-loosening technologies of nuts remain a focal point in design research. Self-locking structures like double-nut configurations, flange pressure-point threads, and double-stacked self-locking anti-loosening washers aim to prevent self-loosening of nuts, especially for railway contact network equipment with strong vibration.

3 Design principle

Existing anti-loosening methods are either complex in process, poor in effect, inconvenient to use, or high in cost. Finding a solution that is safe, reliable, convenient, efficient, and costeffective has become a pressing challenge in the fastener industry. In response to this challenge, after extensive research and experimentation, we have innovatively created the maintenancefree bolt and nut dual interlocking anti-loosening device. This device has been granted two national utility model patents (Patent Numbers: ZL202021921964.7; 2022232664415).

3.1 Structure diagram

Figure 1: Structural Assembly Diagram

Maintenance-Free Bolt and Nut Dual Interlocking Anti-Loosening Device

Usage Instructions:

1 Tighten the main nut with left-hand torque to meet the specified requirements (railway industry standard).

2 Tighten the locknut with right-hand torque to meet the specified requirements (company standard), ensuring engagement of the main nut and locknut groove thread surfaces.

3.2 Characteristics

3.2.1 Operational principle

The device comprises a main bolt (represented by the 'L' section in the structural diagram), a main nut, and a locknut. After the main bolt is threaded through the connected component, the main nut is tightened first, followed by the locknut. The two nuts, with opposite rotations, engage and intermesh seamlessly through the grooved contact surfaces on both nuts. The locknut design incorporates a concave structure, ensuring the complete thread bonding length of the main nut and bolt connection. Simultaneously, it prevents the disengagement of threads between the main nut and the locknut caused by dimensional discrepancies in the clamped components. The main nut features a left-hand thread, while the locknut has a right-hand thread. The locking section of the main bolt is engraved with a right-hand thread on the basis of the left-hand thread of the 'L' section (represented by the 'L2' section at the end of the structural diagram). The diameter and pitch of this section match those of the main nut. As a result, the 'L2' section of the bolt can be engaged by both the left-hand main nut and the right-hand locknut. Anti-thread grooves are engraved on the contact surfaces of the two nuts with opposite rotations. When subjected to axial force from the locknut, these grooves create an interlocking relationship, securely locking the main nut and preventing loosening of the threaded connection during vibrations. The unique design, with the main nut and locknut having different thicknesses and opposite rotations, combined with the special thread length of 'L' and 'L2' sections (L > L2), enhances the distinguishability between the main nut and locknut. This design eliminates the possibility of on-site operators mistakenly installing the main nut and locknut in an inverted manner, providing a highly effective error-prevention measure. The locknut's internal bore is also designed with concave holes, overcoming the impact of thickness variations in the clamped component and ensuring proper engagement of teeth between the main nut and locknut.

This structural design incorporates a dual interlocking antiloosening method for bolt and nut, which is to tighten the main nut in the reverse direction and then tighten the locknut in the forward direction. Both the main nut and locknut feature grooved teeth on their ends. The locknut applies axial pressure to the bearing surface of the main nut until it reaches the specified torque and position. In operational scenarios where vibration-induced loosening is a potential concern, meaning the the main nut tends to rotate in the rightward direction, the grooved teeth of the locknut intermesh with those of the main nut. The main nut effectively "compels" the locknut to rotate in the same rightward direction. However, since the locknut is already tightened by rightward rotation, this "compelling" only serves to further tighten the locknut. Conversely, when the locknut exhibits a tendency to rotate in the leftward direction due to vibration, the grooved teeth of the main nut intermesh with those of the locknut. In this case, the locknut compels the main nut to rotate in the same leftward direction. However, since the main nut is already tightened by leftward rotation, the locknut cannot rotate in the leftward direction. This dual safeguard mechanism ensures an absolutely reliable anti-loosening effect.

3.2.2 Design calculation[4]

Using the example of M10 bolt and nut, with a material strength of 700MPa, a pitch of 1.5mm, a mean diameter (d2) of 9.026mm, and a minor diameter (d0) of 8.376mm, the spiral angle (α) of the thread's mean diameter can be calculated. The tangent value is 1.5/ π×9.026 = 0.05299. Referring to the table, α is found to be 3.03。 Assuming a friction coefficient of 0.1, the friction conical angle is 5。42"; since the spiral angle is smaller than the friction angle, the threaded connection can be securely tightened without vibration by overcoming the thread torque Ts and bearing surface torque Tw. Tf=Ts+Tw=KFfd …………………………··………(1)

Tf-Tightening Torque

Ts-Thread Torque

Tw-Bearing Surface Torque

K-Torque Coefficient

Ff-Initial Preload

d-Nominal Diameter

K=1/2d(P/π+μs^d2*seca'+μw*Dw)…………·…(2)

P-Pitch

μs-Thread Friction Coefficient

d2-Thread Mean Diameter

a'-Thread Flank Angle

μw-Bearing Surface Friction Coefficient

Dw-Equivalent Diameter of Bearing Surface Friction Torque

TS=F1/2(P/π+μs²d2*seca)…………···…………(3)

Tw=(Ff/2*μw*Dw)………………·····……………(4)

Dw=2/3*(dw³-dh³)/(dw²-dh²)……………………(5)

dw-Bearing Surface Outer Diameter

dh-Bearing Surface Inner Diameter

The K value is related to various parameters of the thread and friction, and its value lies between 0.1 and 0.3. Assuming K=0.15, the formula becomes Tf=0.15Ffd.

If Tf is 25NM and d is 10mm, then Ff=(25NX1000/10)/0.15=16667 N≈17KN;

If Tf is 34NM and d is 10mm, then Ff=(34NX1000/10)/0.15=23120 N≈23KN.

Calculating the safety factor of the thread:

(At the main nut)=700MPa/[17KN/(do²·π/4)]=2.27;

do-Thread Minor Diameter

(At the locknut)=700MPa/23KN/(do²·π/4)=1.68.

Calculating the anti-loosening torque T for the spline teeth:

Assuming 45 teeth, with an inner diameter of 10.9mm, outer diameter of 15.7mm, thread width of 0.928mm, and thread depth of 0.15mm;

T=0.928mm*45*0.15mm*400MPa*〔(15.7-10.9)mm/2〕 /1000=6.013NM.

The enhanced anti-loosening capability is 6.013NM/25NM=24%.

3.3 Elements in bolt and nut interlocking antiloosening

1. Concerning the safety factor, the thread connection typically takes 0.5-0.7 of the yield limit, which is between n=1/0.5=2 and

n=1/0.7=1.43. This is a slightly upper point on the linear segment (elastic section) of the material's tensile curve. Choosing a higher n value results in material wastage, while a smaller n value compromises safety. In our design, the n value at the main nut is 2.27, slightly exceeding 2, making it safer. At the locknut, n is 1.68, positioned between 2 and 1.43, providing an optimal balance.

2. The K value, a dimensionless parameter derived from measurable physical characteristics, depends on the surface type and geometry of the connection. The required measurement method is quite expensive. Determining the friction coefficient is challenging, and precise values often require experimental validation. We employ an estimation method based on principles, opting for either a optimization method (0.618 golden section method) within the range of 0.1 to 0.3 or a trial-and-error method. We select 0.15 as a practical choice.

3. Groove teeth have a roughly 24% of the anti-loosening effect. The maintenance-free bolt and nut are rated at 8.8 levels, with material choices of SWRCH35K or ML35 steel. Both the main nut and locknut feature grooved teeth on their ends. The locknut design incorporates concave structure, ensuring the complete thread bonding length of the main nut and bolt connection, significantly improving the anti-loosening performance. Utilizing the bolt and nut dual interlocking mechanism under vibrational conditions proves to be an exceptionally effective method.

4 Verification of effectiveness

In the railway vehicle industry, there are various forms of fastener anti-loosening mechanisms, but the lack of unified guidelines emphasizes the importance of evaluating their anti-loosening performance. Evaluation of anti-loosening performance is typically conducted through theoretical calculations and experimental comparisons during the design and selection phase[5]. Currently, two globally recognized test methods are widely used to assess the antiloosening performance of fasteners: the Accelerated Vibration Test Method and the Fastener Lateral Vibration Test Method. Generally, the GB/T10431 "Fastener Lateral Vibration Test" is commonly applied. The testing of the maintenance-free bolt and nut dual interlocking anti-loosening device conforms to the GB/T10431-2008 standard. The anti-loosening test results meet the requirements of the ISO161302015 standard. Additionally, the performance of the maintenancefree bolt and nut dual interlocking anti-loosening device complies with the risk level H requirements specified in the DIN25201-1-2004 standard. The thread friction coefficient meets the requirements of the DIN25201-2-2004 standard. A lateral vibration test was conducted on the maintenance-free bolt and nut dual interlocking anti-

loosening device to evaluate its thread connection anti-loosening performance, with the residual axial force/initial axial force of 92% to 96%, greatly exceeding the standard of 70%.

Results indicate

1. Within a reasonable range, that is, when the initial preload force ensures that the connected component does not slide and is below the yield axial force, increasing the initial preload force effectively enhances the anti-loosening performance of the threaded connection.

2. The thread engagement length must be appropriate. Too few engaged threads can lead to excessive load-bearing capacity for each thread, significantly reducing the anti-loosening performance of the connection components. Conversely, too many threads can result in some external threads not bearing the load, leading to material wastage.

3. The performance of different anti-loosening methods varies. The maintenance-free bolt and nut dual interlocking antiloosening device enhances the clamping force between the threaded connections and the clamped components, exhibiting excellent anti-loosening performance as a structural anti-loosening. In static tests, after the installation of the maintenance-free bolt and nut dual interlocking anti-loosening device, the loosening torque value of the main nut in the threaded connections is greater than the tightening torque value. Through testing conducted by relevant professional testing organizations, the ability to achieve this performance in the anti-loosening device used in railway contact systems is unique and innovative. It not only provides a solid technical foundation for fastener anti-loosening methods but also serves as the basis for designing anti-loosening devices for contact systems, and also provides a novel selection solution for anti-loose devices in the Chinese fastener industry.

5 Conclusion

In summary, the maintenance-free bolt and nut dual interlocking anti-loosening device functions as an anti-loosening mechanism through its unique structure. Compared to conventional antiloosening methods, the design of the maintenance-free bolt and nut dual interlocking anti-loosening device offers several advantages. It ensures a more reliable connection of fastener assemblies, higher standardization, increased error recognition, simplified installation procedures, lower overall costs, and a higher safety factor. This innovation provides a secure, practical, and reliable solution for antiloosening technology in threaded fasteners, making it a preferred new technology in the realm of anti-loosening devices.

[1] Jiang Yafei. "Current Situation and Development Trends of Fastener Industry in China." Metal Products, 2005(1):25-26.

[2] Zhu Qigao, Zhang Xianming. "Technical Development of Fastener Industry in China." Metal Products, 2010(1):11-13.

[3] Huo Yongjiu. "New Anti-Vibration and Anti-Loosening Solutions for Threaded Fasteners." China Metal Bulletin, 2020(11):124-126.

References:

[4] Machinery Industry Ministry, Institute of Mechanical Science Research, Fastener Research Institute of Dongfeng Motor Engineering Research Institute. GB/T16823.2-1997. Threaded Fasteners Fastening Rules [Standard]. Beijing: China Standards Press, 1997.

[5] Zheng Tianrui, Huang Zhijun, Jin Wei. "Comparative Analysis of Anti-Loosening Performance of Fasteners." Locomotive and Vehicle Technology, 2021(1):45-47+52.

Author:

Shen Yimin (1955-), native of Jiangsu, Senior Engineer, General Manager of Shanghai Huanya Tool Factory; Research Focus: Fasteners and related technologies, Contact: +86 13311601259.

Fastener Import and Export: Analysis of South Korea, China, Taiwan, Japan and Thailand in 2023

Introduction

In 2023, with the ongoing shifts and developments of the global economy, the fastener import and export market was also showing new dynamics and trends. In Asia, countries such as South Korea, China, Taiwan, Japan, and Thailand showcase distinctive features in their fastener industries, each possessing unique competitive advantages. These nations hold significant

CHINA

In 2023, the total value of fastener imports to China reached about $2,445,633,128. Notably, Japan, Germany, and the United States stood as the top three sources of fastener imports, showcasing their leadership in advanced and specialized fastener technologies and quality. Countries or regions in Asia such as Taiwan and South Korea also occupied an important position in China's fastener imports. Furthermore, European nations such as Italy, France, and the United Kingdom ranked prominently in China's fastener import landscape. Overall, this ranking reflects China's globalized orientation in the fastener trade.

In light of customs data, China's total fastener exports in 2023 amounted to about $11,105,303,000. Among these, steelmade fasteners categorized under code 7318 constituted the highest proportion, with an export value of around $9,149,168,531. The Chinese fastener industry exhibited a diverse profile in export trade, with the United States being the largest export market. Other major export destinations included traditional developed countries such as Germany, South Korea, and Japan, as well as emerging economies like Russia and India.

In 2023, in terms of the export situation of fasteners in various provinces in China, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Shandong

SOUTH KOREA

In 2023, the total value of fastener imports to South Korea amounted to approximately $648,001,649. As indicated by the data in the figure, South Korea's fastener imports were predominantly

positions in the global market and understanding their importexport dynamics is crucial for discerning the developmental trajectory of the global fastener market. This article conducts a detailed analysis of the fastener import and export scenarios in these five countries in 2023. Through in-depth insight into the fastener markets of these countries, it provides valuable references and insights to promote the healthy development of the global fastener market.

secured the top three positions, highlighting their remarkable strength and significant advantages of these provinces in the field of fastener exports. Meanwhile, Guangdong, Shanghai, and Hebei also demonstrated substantial fastener export volumes, indicating considerable development potential in these regions. Notably, the Yongnian Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export played a pivotal role in the development of fastener trade in Hebei, with numerous fastener enterprises contributing significantly to the overall growth. The export performance of these provinces positively contributes to the development of China's foreign trade.

IMPORT AND EXPORT

sourced from Asian, especially Japan, China, Taiwan, and Thailand. This pattern may be attributed to factors such as geographical proximity, strong industrial complementarity, and market demand. China was the country with the highest total amount of fastener imports to South Korea, indicating the close ties and significant transaction volume in fastener trade between the two countries. Additionally, fastener products from European countries like Germany and Italy enjoyed a certain degree of popularity, possibly due to quality assurance and brand influence.

In 2023, the total value of fastener exports from South Korea amounted to approximately $1,036,322,664. Examining the overall scenario, South Korea's fastener exports displayed a diversified trend during the year. The primary export markets

TAIWAN

In 2023, the total import value of fasteners in Taiwan was approximately $195,386,000. The main source countries or regions of imports included Japan, the United States, China, Germany, etc. These countries exhibit a high level of technological expertise and quality assurance in the field of fastener manufacturing, contributing to the significant competitiveness of their products in the Taiwanese market. Moreover, other countries or regions such as South Korea, the Netherlands, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Switzerland also held certain market shares in Taiwan.

In 2023, the total export value of fasteners from Taiwan reached approximately $4,587,647,000. Examining the top ten countries or regions in terms of export value, Taiwan's fastener export market encompasses a wide range of countries and regions with various differences in terms of geographical location, economic development levels, and market demands. This diversified export structure also provides broad market opportunities and development space for Taiwanese fastener enterprises. Among them, the United States stood as Taiwan's

JAPAN

In 2023, the total import value of fasteners in Japan amounted to about $825,820,138. China exported the highest amount of fasteners to Japan, occupying a considerable market share and ranking as the largest source country of fastener imports in Japan. This indicates that the Chinesemanufactured fasteners have strong competitiveness in the Japanese market. Taiwan and the United States also played pivotal roles as major import origins, ranking second and third, respectively. Countries such as South Korea, Vietnam, and Germany were also major sources of Japan's fastener imports, indicating that their fastener products hold a certain market

were concentrated in North America, Europe, Southeast Asia, and South America, with the United States, India, Mexico, China, and Vietnam emerging as the top five export destinations. The demand in these markets primarily stems from infrastructure construction, manufacturing development and other aspects. Leveraging its strengths in high quality, technological innovation, and competitive pricing, South Korea's fastener products exhibited robust competitiveness in the market.

largest fastener export market, capturing a significant market share. The United States exhibits a substantial demand for fasteners, and Taiwanese fastener products align well with the quality and technological requirements of the United States market. Additionally, European and North American markets also occupied an important position, with Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Canada being key markets for Taiwan's fastener exports. Germany and the Netherlands, in particular, ranked second and third, respectively.

IMPORT AND EXPORT

position in the Japanese market.

In 2023, the total export value of fasteners from Japan reached about $2,273,359,252. The United States was the largest export destination for Japanese fasteners, indicating high demand and recognition for Japanese-manufactured fasteners in the U.S. market. China was also a crucial

THAILAND

In 2023, the total import value of fasteners in Japan amounted to about $825,820,138. China exported the highest amount of fasteners to Japan, occupying a considerable market share and ranking as the largest source country of fastener imports in Japan. This indicates that the Chinesemanufactured fasteners have strong competitiveness in the Japanese market. Taiwan and the United States also played pivotal roles as major import origins, ranking second and third, respectively. Countries such as South Korea, Vietnam, and Germany were also major sources of Japan's fastener imports, indicating that their fastener products hold a certain market position in the Japanese market.

In 2023, the total export value of fasteners from Japan reached about $2,273,359,252. The United States was the largest export destination for Japanese fasteners, indicating high demand and recognition for Japanese-manufactured fasteners in the U.S. market. China was also a crucial

CONCLUSION

Asian countries such as South Korea, China, Taiwan, Japan, and Thailand hold significant positions in the global fastener market. Particularly, China, as a major producer and exporter of fasteners, holds a substantial share in the global market, and the diversification of its export markets reflects the development of China's fastener industry and the enhancement of its global competitiveness.

Furthermore, various factors, including geography, cultural, and market demand, influence the import and export patterns of fasteners for each country. The demand for high-quality, technological innovation, and price competitiveness has further

export destination for Japanese fasteners, reflecting that Japanese fastener enterprises have certain advantages and competitiveness in meeting the needs of the Chinese market. Additionally, countries such as Thailand, Indonesia, Mexico were also major export destinations for Japan's fastener exports.

export destination for Japanese fasteners, reflecting that Japanese fastener enterprises have certain advantages and competitiveness in meeting the needs of the Chinese market. Additionally, countries such as Thailand, Indonesia, Mexico were also major export destinations for Japan's fastener exports.

Notes:

driven the continuous upgrading of the global fastener industry. Certainly, the fastener industry faces challenges and opportunities on a global scale. Factors such as technological innovation, quality management, and international trade policies will shape the competitive landscape of the fastener industry in the future. Therefore, fastener enterprises worldwide should maintain keen market insights, enhance technological innovation, improve product quality, and proactively respond to changes in the global trade environment to ensure competitiveness and achieve sustainable development in the global market.

1. Data Source and Units: The data presented in the document is sourced from official customs statistics of various countries or regions and is provided for reference purposes only. (Import and export data for China, Taiwan, and South Korea are based on statistics from respective customs authorities, with currency unit in US dollars. Data for Japan and Thailand are derived from actual customs statistics and converted to US dollars using real-time exchange rates as of February 1, 2024.)

2. Definition of Fasteners: The fasteners referred to in this document pertain to steel-made fasteners categorized under code 7318.

2024 FASTENER EXHIBITIONS

Mar.

Apr.

May

Jun.

Jul.

Eisenwarenmesse Fair 德国（科隆）五金展览会

Cologne·Germany

14th Fastener Expo Shanghai 第14届上海紧固件专业展

Shanghai·China

Manufacturing World Nagoya 名古屋工业展

Nagoya·Japan

Wire and Tube 2024

2024德国杜塞尔多夫管材、线缆及线材展览会

Dusseldorf·Germany

FASTENER EXPO EURASIA 土耳其伊斯坦布尔紧固件展览会

Istanbul·Turkey

METALTECH & AUTOMEX

马来西亚国际机床、金属加工设备与自动化科技展

Kuala Lumpur·Malaysia

Fastener Fair USA 美国紧固件展览会

Taiwan International Fastener Show 台湾高雄扣件展

Kaohsiung·Taiwan

Manufacturing World Japan 日本工业展

Tokyo·Japan Cleveland·USA

Manufacturing Expo

泰国机械制造博览会

Bangkok·Thailand

Fastener Fair India

印度紧固件展览会

New Delhi·India

Aug.

For more information on overseas exhibitions, please feel free to contact us.

如需咨询海外展会，请随时与我们联系

Mobile: +86-18588814900 Tel: +86-20-82270630 Email: editor@chinafastener.com

Sep.

Oct.

7-9

21-23

29-31

5-7

9-11

25-26

2-4

8-11

16-18

22-24

29-30

Vietnam Manufacturing Expo

越南制造业博览会

Hanoi·Vietnam

Fastener Expo Southeast Asia 2024

2024东南亚（印尼）紧固件专业展

Jakarta·Indonesia

Hand Tools & Fastener Expo

印度国际五金工具展

New Delhi·India

Fastener Fair Mexico

墨西哥紧固件展览会

Guadalajara·Mexico

International Fastener Expo 2024

2024美国拉斯维加斯国际紧固件展

Las Vegas·USA

Fastener Poland

波兰（克拉科夫）紧固件展览会

Krakow·Poland

Manufacturing World Osaka 大阪工业展

Osaka·Japan

FASTENEX

莫斯科国际紧固件、配件和工具展览会

Moscow·Russia

Korea Metal Week 韩国金属周

Seoul·South Korea

FastTec

俄罗斯莫斯科国际紧固件及五金展览会

Moscow·Russia

Fastener Fair Italy 意大利（米兰）紧固件展

Milan·Italy

Dec.

5-7

11-13

Hardware & Hand Tools Expo

越南五金及手动工具展

Ho Chi Minh City·Vietnam

Manufacturing World Fukuoka

福冈工业展

Fukuoka · Japan

What is CAS?

Certificated Active Suppliers are competitive Chinese fastener suppliers with good reputation, credit and high quality which are audited by ChinaFastener.com regularly. Scan

Ningbo ABC Fasteners Co., Ltd.

宁波联欣标准件有限公司

Ningbo ABC Fasteners Co., Ltd. is one of the main manufacturers for building anchor in China. We are able to provide various kinds of anchor such as drop in anchor, wedge anchor, metal frame anchor, sleeve anchor, etc. We also provide standard & non standard parts.

+86-574-62468311

budifast@yahoo.com， sales@abcfasteners.cn www.abc-fasteners.com / abcfastener.chinafastener.com

Jiaxing Xingxin Trade Co., Ltd. 嘉兴兴欣贸易有限公司

Jiaxing Xingxin Standard Heat Treatment Co., Ltd is found in July 2005. It has grown to the leader of fastener heat and surface treatment in China. The main products including hex bolt, hex nut, drywall screw, threaded rod and washer etc.

+86-573-86058220

allen@jx-xingxin.com

www.jx-xingxin.com / xingxin.chinafastener.com

Anchors

Jiaxing Haina Fastener Co., Ltd.

嘉兴海纳紧固件有限公司

Jiaxing Haina Fastener Co., Ltd. mainly deals in the sales of fasteners, stainless steel bolts, nuts, screws, solar mounting systems and solar photovoltaic accessories. Welcome interested parties to consult.

+86-18668368299

tony@hainafastener.com

www.hainafastener.com / haina.chinafastener.com

Jiaxing Chinafar Standard Parts Co., Ltd. 嘉兴市华远标准件股份有限公司

We are specialized in producing all kinds of Threaded Rods and Short Studs. Grade 4.8, 5.8, 8.8, 10.9, 12.9; A2-70, A2-80, A4-70, A4-80; ASTM A307, SAEJ429 Grade 2 & 5; ASTM A193 B7, B7M, B8, B8M, L7; Brass etc.

Bolts

+86-15067318829

yanyan.pan@chinafar.cn

Thread Rods & Studs

www.chinafar.cn / chinafar.chinafastener.com

The

and giants enterprise,

over 300,000㎡ with over 500 employees and

products includes post-anchoring systems, mechanical connection systems, photovoltaic support systems, seismic support systems, installation, positioning and screw fixing systems. We are not only professional solutions provider but the large leading manufacture for following: Wedge anchors ( through bolts) / Threaded Rods / Short thread rods / Double end threaded rods / Hex bolts / Nuts / Screws / Chemical anchors / Foundation Bolts / Drop in Anchors / Sleeve Anchors / Metal Frame Anchors / Shield Anchors / Stub pin / Self drilling screws / Hex bolts / Nuts / Washers / Photovoltaic Brackets etc.

+86-18002570677

info@fixdex.com

www.fixdex.com

fixdex.chinafastener.com

(Goodfix Share)

Wenzhou FengDing Fastener Manufacturing Co., Ltd.

温州市丰鼎紧固件制造有限公司

Wenzhou FengDing Fastener Manufacturing Co., Ltd. was founded in 1997. The company mainly produces flange bolts, hex bolts, machine screws, big large flat top products of GB DIN JIS and other international standards. Parts can be produced according to customer requirements.

+86-577-86500568

wzfdjgj@163.com / jxfengding@163.com

www.wzfengding.com / fengding.chinafastener.com

Bolts

Bolts

Beijing Jinzhaobo High Strength Fastener Co., Ltd.

北京金兆博高强度紧固件有限公司

Beijing Jinzhaobo High Strength Fastener Co., Ltd, established in 2000, is an industrial company with large-scale production of highstrength fasteners in Beijing. The products are widely used in various types of steel industrial buildings.

+86-15130012227

info@jzbolts.com www.jzbolts.com www.bjzhaobo.com

High Strength Fastener

Jiaxing Hogo Technology Co., Ltd.

嘉兴豪固科技有限公司

Hogo is an ISO 9001:2015 certified company. We never compromise on quality and services provided to you. Top management ensures all employees comply with the Quality Management System and Continuous Improvement System to be your reliable partner.

+86-18057307868

nick@cnhogotech.com www.cnhogotech.com / hogotech.chinafastener.com

Cixi Jingeng Fastener Co., Ltd. 慈溪精耕紧固件有限公司

Cixi Jingeng Fastener Co., Ltd. is located in Room 1208, Shinger Mansion, 1277 kaifa road, Gutang street, Cixi, Zhejiang, China. Being in the shore of the East China Sea and the South of Hangzhou Bay Sea-spanning Bridge, it is a private enterprise engaging in all kinds of fasteners--- expansion series fasteners, bolts, nuts and sorts of non-standard parts.

+86-13484243398

sales@chinaluosi.com

Jiangsu Xing Chang Jiang Group Co., Ltd.

江苏新长江实业集团有限公司

Our products are Cap screws & Hex bolts, Stocket bolts, Flange bolts,Carriage bolts, Guardrail bolt, Hexagon nuts, Nylon Lock nuts, Thread rods, Washers, Chipboard screws etc fasteners.

+86-510-86167954

yangxi@xcjgroup.com.cn

www.xcjgroup.com / changjiang.chinafastener.com

Bolts

Haiyan Sichen Metal Products Co., Ltd.

海盐思辰金属制品有限公司

Our company, Haiyan Sichen Metal Products Co., Ltd. is a manufacturer specialized in high quality stamping parts, CNC machining parts, die casting parts and welding parts in China. 90% of our products are exported to America and Europe markets.

Bolts

+86-13758371187

jason@cn-sichen.com

www.cn-sichen.com / 121414.chinafastener.com

Other

Haiyan Shangjia Hardware Co., Ltd.

海盐上嘉五金有限公司

www.chinaluosi.com / jingeng.chinafastener.com

Anchors

Our company was established in 2008 and mainly engages in non-standard bolts and screws. We have CNC lathes, precision automatic lathes, and various processes such as cold heading, thread rolling, tapping, cutting material, etc. There are also several sets of optical screening machines to control the quality of products.

+86-15888395797

sjzhz@hyshangjia.com

www.sjujcn.com / 101532.chinafastener.com

Bolts

Handan Yaze Fastener Co., Ltd.

邯郸市亚泽紧固件有限公司

Our main products are Machine screw,Hex Bolt,Hex flange Bolt,Threaded Rod and etc according to DIN,ANSI/ASME,BSW and ISO standard.

+86-155 3332 4271 / +86-156 1203 0826 sales@yzfasteners.com / katiezhao@yzfasteners.com www.yzfasteners.com

Handan Jiurui Fasteners Co., Ltd.

邯郸市久瑞紧固件有限公司

Handan Jiurui Fastener Co., Ltd. is a fastener manufacturer, located in handan city,hebei province, our factory is mainly producing hex nuts, hex bolts, flange nuts, flange bolts, wedge anchor and non-standard fastener.

+86-13080407111 / +86-13021868690

snowfasteners@foxmail.com jiurui.chinafastener.com

Yongnian

County Tianbang Fasteners Co., Ltd.

永年县天邦紧固件有限公司

Yongnian County Tianbang Fasteners Co., Ltd. was established in 2005. We specialize in the manufacturing of various types of hex bolts, hex nuts, flat washers, threaded rods, anchor bolts, and non-standard fasteners, etc. With over 10 years of experience in research, development, and production, our products are exported to Europe, the United States, Southeast Asia, Russia, and other regions.

+86-310-6731766

karryyan@hbtbls.com

www.hbtbls.com/hbtbls.chinafastener.com

Yuyao Biaoer Trading Co., Ltd.

Yuyao No.2 Standard Fastener Factory

EYE BOLT

GB798，JB/ZQ 4318, QC190/191,CNS 4490/4492，DIN444， PN 82425, GOST 3033, UNI 6058，AN165/170...

HINGE SINCE 1973

+86-574-62003777 / +86-574-62003860 +86-15306621777 Mrs.lao/Mr.ruan ruanlifei@biaoer.com biaoer.chinafastener.com

Eyebolt/ Hinge

Haiyan Guangda Hardware Co., Ltd.

海盐光大标准件股份有限公司

The company established in 1992, covering an area of 11,100square meters, with 24 forging machines and 24 threading machines, mainly produce hex bolts, flange bolts, carriage bolts, square head bolts, and non-standard bolts as required, assured with ISO 9001 and CE certificate.

0573-86408016 Guangda05@hygdbzj.com www.hygdbzj.com / guangda.chinafastener.com

Handan Daoning Fastenes Manufacturing Co., Ltd.

邯郸市道宁紧固件制造有限公司

Our main products are bolts,screws,nuts,self tapping screws,studs,washers,pins,rigging part and many other hardware products, For finishing, we provide black oxide, zinc electroplating Cr+3, phosphate, hot dip galvanization, Dacromet and other kinds. The products are produced in conformity with DIN, ANSI, AS, BS, JIS, GB, ISO or nonstandard.

Bolts

+86-18731035721

heiyup@hotmail.com

www.dao-ning.com / daoning.chinafastener.com

Bolts

Bolts

Bolts

Bolts

CHINFAST Co., Ltd. 嘉兴市锋捷贸易有限公司

CHINFAST was established in 2005, with two whollyowned factories, JOYSTART and YOUSUN (Factory code:C788). Currently CHINFAST export around 8,000 containers annually. lt has actively expanded its business over the past five years from the main focus on manufacturing of multi-purpose wood screws, timber screw and decking screws to the DIY fasteners packaging services. In the ever-changing global market, we hope to create a new milestone for sustainable business development.

+86 573 82119831

chinfast@chinfast.com www.chinfast.com

Screws

Jiaxing Kinfast Hardware Co., Ltd. 嘉兴海德五金有限公司

Jiaxing Kinfast Hardware Co., Ltd. is a professional manufacturer and distributor of screws and anchors since 2002. Our main products are:

Stainless Steel Screws

Wood Screws

Concrete Screws

Concrete Screw Anchors

Extra Long Screws and Nails

Collated Screws

86-13902953125

info@kfproduct.com

www.kinfast.com

Screws / Anchors

Jiaxing Zhengying Hardware Co., Ltd.

嘉兴正英五金有限公司

Jiaxing zhengying Hardware Co., Ltd. was founded in 2005. It is a Mainland-Hongkong joining venture company. Our productions include chipboard screw, drywall screw, drilling screw, machine screw, non-standard fasteners, etc. The annual production capability can reach The annual production capability can reach to 3000-5000 tons.

86-573-85535366

jxzywj@jxzywj.com

www.zhengying.chinafastener.com

Screws

Jiaxing Qimu Trading Co., Ltd.

嘉兴齐慕贸易有限公司

The company professionally engaged in fastener manufacture and trading.The company have ourself produce factory , electroplating factory and heating factory, Annual production capacity exceeds 20,000 tons.we are specialized in screw, thread rod, anchor, bolt and so on products.Conforming DIN,ANSI,ISO standards.

+86-573-82693306

sales@qiimu.com www.qiimu.com / qimu.chinafastener.com

Screws

Jiaxing Hongcheng Fastener Co., Ltd.

嘉兴宏诚精工科技股份有限公司

We are a professional screw manufacturer, making fastener products of high quality at a competitive price.

Our products include self-drilling screws, drywall screws, self-tapping screws, roofing screws, sandwich panel screws, etc. Size: as per customer's requirement. We can also make the customization according to your drawings or samples.

+86-13656733611

tony@hc-fastener.com

www.hc-fastener.com www.hcseiko.com hongcheng.chinafastener.com

Screws

Yangjiang Dmscrew Hardware Products Co., Ltd.

阳江市得盟五金制品有限公司

Our main products include carbon steel and SUS304, 316,410,550 Self-Drilling Screws, Collated Screws, Brass Screws, Aluminum Screws, long screws up to 600mm, Stainless Composite Screws, Machinery Screws, Electronic Screws, Automobile Screws, Nuts and Stamping Parts; We also customize standard and non-standard parts as per customers' drawings.

+86-662-6506999

sales@dm-screw.com

www.dm-screw.com

Tapping Screws

Shanghai Welfast Enterprise Co., Ltd.

上海瑞固实业有限公司

We are specialized in producing and exportin g fasteners according to the standards of DIN, ANSI/ASME, ISO, BS, etc. Our products are mainly Hexagon nuts, Flange nuts, Couple r nuts, Nylon nuts, U-Bolts,and so on.

+86-21-62442081

sales@welfast.com welfast.chinafastener.com

Haiyan Huasheng Fasteners Co., Ltd.

海盐华胜紧固件有限公司

Haiyan Huasheng Fastener Co., Ltd. is located in Haiyan County, Zhejiang Province, China. We specialize in the production of lock nuts, with main products including nylon insert lock nuts, flange nylon lock nuts, metal lock nuts, etc. The specifications range from DIN M3 to M24 (ANSI / ASME 6# to 1"). Haiyan Huasheng Fastener Co., Ltd. has a number of advanced production and testing equipment, and strives for excellence in product quality. We are committed to providing highquality products at competitive prices.

+86-13706738017

sia@haiyanfasteners.com huasheng.chinafastener.com

Jiaxing Lixin Fasteners Co., Ltd.

嘉兴立欣紧固件股份有限公司

We are the professional manufacturer for kind of nuts.Our main producuts are DIN980V/DIN6927/DIN929/DIN928/DIN6923/ DIN439/DIN936/DIN557 etc.

Nuts

Wenzhou Jinsheng Fastener Co., Ltd.

温州金盛紧固件有限公司

We mainly produce nylon insert lock nut, cap nut ,flange nut wing nut ,weld nut, hex nut ,tube sets, hydraulic parts, retaining nuts ,ferrule, according to DIN ,ANSI,GB,JIS ,Standard and other non-standard fasteners.

86+13758714736

jsjgj@wzjinsheng.com ally@wzjinsheng.com www.wzjinsheng.chinafastener.com www.wzjinsheng.com

Nuts

Zhejiang HMSTRUT Seiko Co., Ltd

浙江海默精工科技有限公司

Nuts

ZheJiang HMSTRUT Seiko Co., Ltd was founded in 2002, which is located in HAIYAN county. Covering an area of 27000 square meters, we have over 200 employees, including 16 engineers, 46 managers. Also we established the North America Service Center in Canada.

Aiming to be the industry leader in installation systems.

+86-0573-86981999

E-sales@hmstrut.com www.hmstrut.com

Uni-Protech Fasteners (Suzhou) Co., Ltd.

苏州致韦贸易有限公司

86-573-85583150

lxfasteners@vip.163.com

www.zhapuNUT.chinafastener.com

www.lxfasteners.com

UNI-PROTECH WAS FOUND IN 1992, AND ESTABLISHED CHINA BRANCH IN 2010. OUR PRODUCTS ARE USED IN THE FIELD SUCH AS AUTOMOTIVE, SOLAR PANNEL, EV, MINING, CONSTRUCTION, ETC. WE PROVIDE ONE-STOP SOLUTION FOR YOUR FASTENERS NEEDS.

OUR LAB IS ISO17025 CERTIFIED AND WHOLE GROUP IS ISO9001 CERTIFIED TO ENSURE OUR PRODUC QUALITY AND RELIABILITY.

+86-512-68361603

eli@mail.uni-protech.com.tw

Nuts

Nuts

www.uni-protech.com.tw / uni-protech.chinafastener.com

Nuts

BSC

Corporation Ltd.

博世诚五金股份有限公司

Established in 2005, BSC Corporation Ltd. is a reliable manufacturer and exporter of washers and other fasteners, with two factories which located in China's Jiangsu and Shandong, we not only produce the washers, anchors and stamping parts, also export other fasteners, our products have been exported to more than 60 countries.

86-21-54488960

export@bscmetal.com

www.bscmetal.chinafastener.com

www.bscmetal.com

Shanghai Fast-Fix Rivet Corp.

上海飞可斯铆钉有限公司

Shanghai Fast-Fix Rivet Corp. is a Chinese leader in Blind riveting systems. We have two rivet factories We are ISO9001 and IATF196949 certified, with 80% products exported to worldwide. We offer a comprehensive line of blind rivet, including open type blind rivets, closed-end rivet, multi-grip rivet, tri-fold rivet, peel type, grooved, and high strength structural rivets.

+86-21-58912860

sales@rivet-china.com

www.rivet-china.com

fastfixrivet.chinafastener.com

Washers

Suzhou Baisiwei Hardware Co., Ltd.

苏州柏斯威五金有限公司

Suzhou Baisiwei Hardware Co., Ltd.is one professional fasteners company, established in Suzhou City, China since 2008. We supply a wide range of fasteners. It includes both standard and customized washers, nuts, bolts, threaded rods, anchors, screws, stamping parts, threaded plates and assemble parts in carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum, etc.

86-18913557228

info@baswellhardware.com

www.baswellhardware.com

SRC Metal (Shanghai)

Rivets & Self-clinching

Foshan City Guangqingchang Metal Plastic Co., Ltd.

佛山市广庆昌金属塑料有限公司

We are a manufacturer of blind rivets in Foshan City, China, with a staff of over 100 employees, and the covered factory area has exceeded 10,000 m2. We have more than 30 years' experience in fastener industry, and had passed ISO 9001 and IATF 16949 certification.

+86-757-8661 0511

sales@qingchang.com.cn，jiaqi.guo@qingchang.com.cn

www.qingchangrivet.com / guangqingchang.chinafastener.com

Rivets

Washers

Co., Ltd.

恒昭金属制品（上海）有限公司

Established in 1983, SRC specializes in BLIND RIVETS, BLIND RIVET NUTS, & RIVETING TOOLS manufacturing. With two ISO 9001 certified facilities in mainland China, we can manufacture 6 billion blind rivets that meet DIN 7337, IFI and ISO standards annually – production power that most competitors simply can't match. We also produce up to 2 million highquality riveters annually, leaving no doubt that we can cover your largest, most demanding orders. For more details, visit our website today.

+86-21-57745555

srcmetal@srcrivet.com

www.srcrivet.com

srcrivet.chinafastener.com

Rivets & Self-clinching

KD Metals (Jingjiang) Co., Ltd.

靖江市凯狄五金机械制造有限公司

KD is a manufacturer and has specialized in producing blind rivets for more than 20 years. Now KD can provide blind rivets in various types and materials according to ISO, DIN, and IFI standards, and can also customize according to customers' drawings.

+86-18061020391

kaidi@kdrivet.com

www.kdrivet.com / kdrivet.chinafastener.com

Rivets

Dongguan Grand Metal Precision Tech Industrial Limited

东莞市昕艺精密五金有限公司

Grand Metal produces self-clinch nuts, standoff, studs equivalent to PEM standard, rivet nuts, weld studs, cage nuts, brass inserts and customized parts for CNC and cold forging, 200 millions stock, 5000+ items, PPAP and IMDS for automotive industry, IATF 16949 certificated . Most quotation can be obtained within 24-48 hours, with samples usually available within one week.

+86-13929204841

zhuyb@grandametal.com

www.grandametal.com grandametal.chinafastener.com

Self-clinching nuts/screws

Dongguan Raisesun Precision Hardware Co., Ltd.

东莞市瑞顺精密五金制品有限公司

Raise Sun is a Professional sheet metal fastener manufacturer, more than 10 years experience of developing and producing sheet metal fastener by forging technic. Focus on self-clinching and welding fastener, building full range stock for selfclinching nut , standoff , studs, pilot...etc series. ISO 9001 QMS certificated company and now pushing ISO/TS16949 to better quality requirements. Optical and visial sorting process to double guarantee product consistently. If you are looking for good quanlity and short lead time supplier of sheet metal fastener, we are the best choice for you.

Tel/Wechat：+86-13712637183

Raisesunmetalqin@163.com

raisesun.chinafastener.com

Self-clinching nut

Standoff and studs

Dongguan Yuet Chung Metalware

Manufacturing Limited

东莞悦忠金属制品有限公司

Over 50 years of experience in stamping forming non-standard parts with good quality, reasonable price and responsibility.

852-27562811

service@yuet-chung.com.hk

www.yuet-chung.com.hk

Non-Standard Parts

Zhongshan City Chehan Hardware Products Co., Ltd.

中山澄翰五金制品有限公司

Zhongshan city chehan hardware products co., ltd. Was established in 2002, the factory is located in No. 10-3, Baofeng East Road, Xiaolan Town, zhongshan city, guangdong province. Specializing in the production of various rivets and fasteners, from Taiwan imports more than 40 rivets and screws heading mechanical equipment, the monthly production capacity of 200 tons.We have 20 years of strong professional development technology, advanced imported production equipment and precision testing instruments, dedicated to provide customers with quality products and excellent services.Our products are exported to Asia, Africa, Europe, Oceania and North America.Welcome to contact and cooperate with us.

+86-760-22284520

james@chfastener.com

Rivets & Self-clinching fastener & Stinless steel fastener

chfastener.chinafastener.com www.chfastener.com We chat/Whats app/Telegram:+86-13809682476

Jiaxing Sunrise Import & Export Co., Ltd.

嘉兴华昕贸易有限公司

“It takes months to earn a customer and seconds to lose one...”

Sunrise is one such company that understands this. Therefore, we offer high-quality products while ensuring customer satisfaction and longterm customer relationships.

+86-573- 84893440

admin@hxsunrise.com

sunrisefastener.chinafastener.com

Non-Standard Fastener

Dongtai QB Stainless Steel Co., Ltd.

东台市溱标不锈钢有限公司

Dongtai QB Fasteners Factory (Dongtai Qindong High Strength Standard Factory) was founded in 1976, dedicated to the manufacture of stainless steel fasteners. It can produce all kinds of high quality products such as bolts, nuts, screws, drawn wire and other off-standard fasteners.

+86 515 85520679

DAVY@QBFASTENER.COM

www.QB.chinafastener.com

www.qbfastener.com

Stainless Steel Fastener

Kunshan Shengshirenhe Automation Techology Co., Ltd.

昆山市盛世人和自动化科技有限公司

Our company is a professional national hightech enterprise that integrates R&D, production, and sales of CCD Optical AI Automatic Inspection Equipment. Our products are primarily used to inspect dimensions and appearance defects in a range of precision parts, including screws, bolts, nuts, precision turned parts, precision stamping parts, precision injection molded parts, etc. We sincerely invite cooperative agents from various regions around the world to join us.

+86-18913215000/18913215029

18913215000@126.com

WWW.KSSSRH.COM

Equipment

Jiaxing Chengyue International Trade Co., Ltd.

嘉兴诚跃国际贸易有限公司

Jiaxing Chengyue International Trade Co., Ltd. is an integrated enterprise of industry and trade from China. At present, the factory produces and sells plastic packaging materials. Factory uses recyclable plastics to produce sealingtapes, high-toughness PET plastic steel belts, PP packing belts for hot-melt machines, and fully transparent stretch wrapping films. These plastics are often used when customers' products need to be packaged and boxed.

+86-15757311052

1026372810@qq.com

www.chengyuetrade.com

105709.chinafastener.com

Plastic Packaging Materials

Zhejiang Jiancai Machinery Co., Ltd.

浙江键财机械有限公司

Our headquarter was established in Taiwan in 1973, with the branch set up in China in 2001, with experiences spanning more than 50 years in serving thread rolling machines to the customers worldwide. The external diameter of thread rolling machines varies from 1mm to 38mm, with length up to 600mm.

+86-573-84775599

jiancai@jiancai.com.tw

https://www.jiancai.com.tw/

Equipment

P1

P6 P9 P18 P31 P33 P35 P39 P43 P55 P68 P41 P47

Front Cover

P4-5

P8 P19 P24 P57 P63 P67 P14-15

Bolts

Ningbo ABC Fasteners Co., Ltd.

宁波联欣标准件有限公司

GOODFIX INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.

FIXDEX FASTENING TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. 固耐安工业

Jiaxing Haina Fastener Co., Ltd. 嘉兴海纳紧固件有限公司

Jiaxing Xingxin Trade Co., Ltd. 嘉兴兴欣贸易有限公司

Wenzhou Fengding Fastener Manufacturing Co., Ltd. 温州市丰鼎紧固件制造有限公司

Beijing Jinzhaobo High Strength Fastener Co., Ltd. 北京金兆博高强度紧固件有限公司

Jiangsu XingChangJiang Group Co., Ltd. 江苏新长江实业集团有限公司

Jiaxing Hogo Technology Co., Ltd. 嘉兴豪固科技有限公司

Handan Yaze Fastener Co., Ltd. 邯郸市亚泽紧固件有限公司

Haiyan Sichen Metal Products Co., Ltd. 海盐思辰金属制品有限公司

Haiyan Shangjia Hardware Co., Ltd. 海盐上嘉五金有限公司

Yuyao No.2 Standard Fastener Factory 余姚市高中压标准件二厂

Handan Jiurui Fastener Co., Ltd. 邯郸市久瑞紧固件有限公司

Screws

CHINFAST Co., Ltd. 嘉兴市锋捷贸易有限公司

Shenzhen Dahe Industrial Co., Ltd. 深圳市大和实业有限公司

Jiaxing Qimu Trading Co., Ltd. 嘉兴齐慕贸易有限公司

Jiaxing Zhengying Hardware Co., Ltd. 嘉兴正英五金有限公司

Yangjiang Dmscrew Hardware Products Co., Ltd. 阳江市得盟五金制品有限公司

Jiaxing Hongcheng Fastener Co., Ltd. 嘉兴宏诚精工科技股份有限公司

Dongguan Aoyi Hardware Products Co., Ltd. 东莞市奥亿五金制品有限公司

Jiaxing Kinfast Hardware Co., Ltd. 嘉兴海德五金有限公司

Rivets

SRC Metal (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. 恒昭金属制品（上海）有限公司

P16-17

P27

P52 P65 P20

Shanghai Fast-Fix Rivet Corp. 上海飞可斯铆钉有限公司

Foshan City Guangqingchang Metal Plastic Co., Ltd. 佛山市广庆昌金属塑料有限公司

Dongguan Grand Metal Company Limited 东莞市昕艺精密五金有限公司

KD Metals (Jingjiang) Co., Ltd.

靖江市凯狄五金机械制造有限公司

Nuts

Jiaxing Lixin Fasteners Co., Ltd.

嘉兴立欣紧固件股份有限公司

Shanghai Welfast Enterprise Co., Ltd. 上海瑞固实业有限公司

Wenzhou Jinsheng Fastener Co., Ltd. 温州金盛紧固件有限公司

Haiyan Huasheng Fasteners Co., Ltd. 海盐华胜紧固件有限公司

Zhejiang HMSTRUT Seiko Co., Ltd. 浙江海默精工科技有限公司

Washers

BSC Corporation Ltd.

博世诚五金股份有限公司

Suzhou Baisiwei Hardware Co., Ltd. 苏州柏斯威五金有限公司

Studs

Jiaxing Chinafar Standard Parts Co., Ltd. 嘉兴市华远标准件股份有限公司

Stainless Steel Fastener

Dongtai QB Stainless Steel Co., Ltd. 东台市溱标不锈钢有限公司

Non-Standard Parts

Dongguan Yuet Chung Metalware Manufactory Limited 东莞悦忠金属制品有限公司

Die

Kunshan Datong Precision Dies Co., Ltd. 昆山大同精密模具有限公司

Equipment

Jiashan Sanyung Electric Furnace Industry Co., Ltd. 嘉善三永电炉工业有限公司

Zhejiang Jiancai Machinery Co., Ltd. 浙江键财机械有限公司

Kunshan Shengshirenhe Automation Techology Co., Ltd. 昆山市盛世人和自动化科技有限公司