CFM China Fastener Magazine Issue 36

CFM 2023 Global Business Tour - Japan Station ——Exploring the success of "Made in Japan"

Follow CFM to the 2023 Manufacturing World Osaka CFM Lands at International Fastener Expo 2023!

FASTENEX 2023 —— CFM takes you to explore the development trends of the Russian fastener market!

CFM Speed-Runs to 2023 Korea Metal Week! Manufacturing World 2023 Fukuoka: Shaping the Future of Industry in Kyushu

Revenue and Net Profit Rose in the First Half of the Year: Finework Posts Strong First Financial Report Since Its IPO

On August 23, Finework, a wellknown Chinese wind power fastener company, disclosed its 2023 interim report, which showed that in the first half of the year, the company realized operating income of 710 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 25.79%; the net profit attributable to shareholders of listed companies was 46.723 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 16.90%; and the net profit after deducting non recurring profits and losses was 45.3118 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 27.41%.

Finework attributed the increase in performance to two factors. Firstly, the

company continued to deeply cultivate the fastener track and rely on its profound technological advantages and good brand advantages to seize the opportunities for the upstream wind power industry. Secondly, through lean management, the company continuously promoted cost reduction and efficiency improvement, achieving certain results.

SPIROL Celebrates 75 Years of Business

SPIROL, a global manufacturer of precision-engineered components for fastening and joining, is celebrating its 75th anniversary. Since the company's inception in 1948, the company has been focused on helping customers be more competitive through innovative fastening solutions. Today, that number includes 15,000 customers, globally.

SPRIOL is also committed to serving its constituents, who have made the company what it is. This includes shareholders, employees, customers, and their community.

This tenet is in lockstep with the founding families of SPIROL, who after three-quarters of a century, are all still intimately involved with the inner workings of the company.

ITW Names New CEO

Illinois Tool Works has tapped Christopher O'Herlihy to succeed E. Scott Santi at the helm of the maker of industrial products and equipment.

The Glenview, Ill., company on Thursday said O'Herlihy, who currently serves as vice chairman, will become president and chief executive on Jan. 1.

Illinois Tool Works said Santi will remain chairman

until March 1, when he will transition to non-executive chairman.

Santi, who joined Illinois Tool Works as a summer intern in 1982, has been CEO since 2012 and chairman since 2015.

O'Herlihy, 59 years old, has spent more than three decades with Illinois Tool Works and has been vice chairman since 2015.

Bocast Successfully Developed Zirconia Ceramic Fasteners

On September 15th, Bocast announced at the technical exchange meeting for new product release that zirconia ceramic fasteners would enter mass production soon after 8 months of technical research.

It is understood that the R&D team of Bocast, under the guidance and collaboration of Professor Xiong Yan from the School of Materials at Hubei University of Technology, overcame multiple technical difficulties such as cracking and sintering deformation in the development of zirconia ceramic fasteners, and achieved one-time molding of the final product form through mold design.

Zirconia ceramic fasteners solve the non-conductive, nonresistant to high temperature and strong acid and alkali problems of non-metallic fasteners. They can be widely used in electronics, shipbuilding, medical, aerospace and other fields, with an annual total market demand of over 400 million pieces.

The Digital Factory of Tong Ming Enterprise Co., Ltd. was Officially Opened

On October 20th, Tong Ming Enterprise Co., Ltd.'s new digital factory in Jiaxing officially opened. At this important moment, Tong Ming received visits from numerous customers and suppliers, and worked with many partners to jointly witness the company's digital transformation and upgrading.

Tong Ming's new factory is a high-end stainless steel fasteners digital factory project, representing a significant milestone in the company's development. In the new factory, Tong Ming has invested in high-end environmentally friendly intelligent equipment, and introduced advanced intelligent digital systems such as APS, WMS, MES, and electronic board management to focus on screw cap production, achieving a doubling of nut production capacity. The new factory also features over 15,000 tons of automated storage, complemented by intelligent logistics handling systems, resulting in doubled shipment efficiency and providing highquality products to customers around the country.

Qifeng Precision Industry's Self-Developed "Variable-Tooth-Type Anti-Loosening Nut" Meets Technical Standards

Recently, the railway industrial product "variable-tooth-type anti-loosening nut" developed and produced by Qifeng Precision Industry, a company listed on the Beijing Stock Exchange, has passed the trial detection of relevant units in the railway system. It is recognized that this product conforms to the technical standard of Q/CR 484-2015 "variabletooth-type anti-loosening nut". The successful research and development of this product will promote the application of the company's products in the railway transportation field and meet the safety requirements of railway construction and maintenance.

The anti-loosening nut developed and produced by Qifeng Precision Industry has excellent resistance to transverse vibration, can effectively solve the problem of thread loosening, and can be applied to aerospace industry, shipbuilding industry, railway transportation, agricultural machinery and other fields.

Plate and Strip Plant of Northeast Light Alloy

Successfully Rolls High-Magnesium Aluminum Alloy Fasteners

Recently, the plate and strip plant of Northeast Light Alloy successfully rolled a certain high-magnesium aluminum alloy fastener, laying a solid foundation for rolling more highmagnesium content alloys in the future. During the production debugging stage, after multiple rounds of debugging and production failures, the manufacturer's debugging personnel confirmed that this machine did not have the ability to produce such high-magnesium rods. However, the plate and strip plant, with an unyielding spirit, established a special group composed of equipment technical experts and pooled their efforts to tackle the production work of this fastener, even when the equipment manufacturer's personnel had all left.

NEFCO Acquires Edge Construction Supply in Spokane Brighton-Best and Parker Fasteners Announce Strategic Partnership

East Hartford, Connecticut-based fasteners and construction supply distributor NEFCO entered into the Pacific Northwest with the completion of its acquisition of commercial and industrial equipment supplier Edge Construction Supply.

The acquisition of the Spokane, Washington-based distributor furthers NEFCO's expansion to the West Coast, company officials said in an Oct. 19 news release. It is NEFCO's ninth acquisition since 2017 and brings the total number of NEFCO locations to 35.

"Through this partnership, we will be able to expand both our footprint and product offering," said President of Edge Construction Supply Eric Grabowski. "NEFCO's expertise in SHARP products, engineered pipe supports, and supply chain will benefit our current contractor customers throughout the Northwest."

Brighton-Best International (BBI), a distributor of fasteners, tools, and safety gear, and Parker Fasteners, which specializes in providing high-precision fasteners to critical and demanding industries, have announced the formation of a strategic partnership.

According to the company, this partnership is likely to be a game-changer for the fastener industry, offering quicker lead times on domestic stainless sockets.

Parker Fasteners, a manufacturer with a strong foothold in the domestic market, has been operational for over a decade and has earned a reputation for being customer-centric. BBI has been operational for nearly 100 years and is known for its commitment to socket products and national high levels of stock.

The agreement focuses on promoting the expansion of BBI's stainless steel lines. The partnership is expected to support distributor companies to expand their reach and increase their revenue and product offerings of stainless steel.

Nitto Seiko Launches New Screw Driving Machine with 2.5 Times More Fastening Locations to Support Various Products

On October 1 Nitto Seiko released the new SR580/RC7000 screw fastening robot that can handle a wide variety of products. The number of screw fastening locations on a workpiece that can be registered per robot has been increased to 100 which is 2.5 times the number of conventional models, and the number of screw fastening conditions has been increased to 20, which is 4 times the number of conventional models. Flexible settings enable the robot to handle a large amount of screws and a wide range of products with different screw fastening conditions.

Two robot models are available: the SR580Y0 with two simultaneous control axles and the SR580Y0-Z with three simultaneous axles, each of which comes with theRC7000-S controller and a screw supply unit. A two-step motion has been added to the robot, which descends to a position away from the screw fastening position, stops once and then moves to a position above the screw fastening location. This enables fastening of screws at screw fastening locations that are difficult to approach from directly above, reducing the possibility of workpiece damage.

India Probes Dumping of Imported Fasteners and Unframed Glass Mirrors from China

The Directorate General of Trade Remedies (DGTR), a division of the Commerce Ministry, has launched an anti-dumping investigation into the import of fasteners and unframed glass mirrors from China. This action was prompted

by both sectors' associations, which reported substantial harm to their respective industries due to a significant influx of these goods from China at dumped prices.

Indian producers have made representations before the Authority claiming that prima facie evidence exists, indicating the injury suffered by the domestic industry because of the dumped imports. The associations have highlighted a significant rise in both the absolute and relative volume of these imports from China. The DGTR has expressed its contentment with the accuracy and sufficiency of the information presented in the representations.

The DGTR said that in light of the well-substantiated representations submitted by Indian producers of the specified goods, and after a thorough assessment of the prima facie evidence provided therein regarding the dumping of these goods from the subject country, the resulting harm to the domestic industry, the Authority has initiated an anti-dumping investigation. Sources:

European News

www.fastenerandfixing.com

Global slowdown in demand

After an already challenging second quarter, Bossard Group's third quarter was further characterised by a weakening in demand, with low growth impulses from Europe and Asia. This is reflected in Bossard's sales in the third quarter, which fell by 14.3% to CHF 249.8 million (prior year: CHF 291.6 million). In local currency, the decrease in sales was 9.4%.

Even in a more challenging economic environment, Bossard is continuing to pursue the implementation of its Strategy 200 – with extensive investments in future growth and further efficiency improvements made in the third quarter including the successful continuation of the roll-out of the new ERP system in Malaysia and Thailand. Moreover, the digitisation of processes was also the focus of customers. In an environment marked by a shortage of skilled labour and inflation, Bossard's Smart Factory services drew even more attention.

In Europe, Bossard posted a Q3 drop in sales of 9.8% to CHF 136.5 million (2022: CHF 151.3 million). The combination of ongoing inventory reduction on the part of customers and weakening demand continued in the third quarter. In an environment characterised by economic uncertainty, positive accents were set in the railway and electromobility industries.

Following a phase of high double-digit growth rates, demand in America began to normalise. Sales fell by 16% to CHF 69 million (prior year: CHF 82.1 million). The strong Swiss franc was a significant factor in this development. The

successful expansion of the customer base was particularly evident in the positive development of the electromobility focus industry.

In Asia, Bossard recorded a 23.9% decline in sales to CHF 44.3 million (prior year: CHF 58.2 million). The appreciation of the Swiss franc was also evident in this market region. Demand in the Asia region was subdued overall, with the exception of the positive development in India.

Future outlook

Based on the currently observable market trends, Bossard expects restrained sales development for the fourth quarter of 2023. For the full year 2023, sales of CHF 1.06 billion to CHF 1.08 billion and an EBIT margin slightly above 10% are expected. Bossard Group's operating cash flow will continue to develop positively due, among other things, to the re- duction in inventories. Notwithstanding the current volatility, Bossard is optimistic about the future and, following a phase of consistent investment in Strategy 200, is adhering to its medium-term financial targets.

SFS achieves constant development

SFS Group reported sales of CHF 1.58 billion (€1.65 billion) for the first half of 2023, along with a renewed strong sales growth of 29.2% - driven by the inclusion of Hoffmann. At CHF 189.9 million, operating profit (EBIT) rose by 16.6% year-on-year.

While SFS Group benefited from opportunities arising from its broad positioning across different end markets and regions, it still felt the impact of challenging regional and global developments. Business in the first half of 2023 clearly reflects this by a mixed performance and effects from destocking.

Consolidation effects led to growth of 32.7%, stemming from the inclusion of Hoffmann as of 1st May 2022. Currency effects reduced sales growth by -4.3%. On a like-for-like basis, a slight organic growth of 0.8% was achieved.

Profitability was impacted by a mixture of factors, uneven capacity utilisation from new programme 'ramp ups' and partially increased cost basis. The Distribution & Logistics segment developed positively and contributed significantly to the increase in operating profit.

To guarantee a strong customer focus and better leverage cross-selling potentials, as well as both operational and application-oriented synergies, the current Automotive and Industrial divisions are being complemented with

the respective end market specific business areas of the Riveting division. This change will be implemented within the organization as of 1 st January 2024. The growth and profitability targets of the EC and FS segments will remain unchanged.

Expectations for the 2023

Looking forward, SFS Group has updated its outlook on the 2023 financial year and expects sales of between CHF 3.1 billion and CHF 3.3 billion, including the first time consolidation of Hoffmann for the full year. This corresponds to an expected sales growth on a like-for-like basis along the mid-term guidance of 3% – 6%. For the SFS Group as a whole, an EBIT margin of around 12% is expected, at the lower end of the mid-term guidance of 12% – 15%. The outlook is based on the assumption that there will be no significant deterioration in the underlying economic conditions or geopolitical, energy or pandemic-related restrictions.

Five years of year-on-year growth

TensionPro, the UK-based bolt tensioner specialist, has just celebrated five years in business by announcing record annual sales, a growing order book and the opening of additional production and office facilities.

TensionPro provides what is calls a 'one stop shop' for all bolt tensioning requirements covering equipment sales, repairs and refurbishment, spares, special tool designs, load calculations and new tensioner advice. Its core business spans the oil and gas, power generation, wind, civil and industrial markets.

After year-on-year growth since 2018, the business is now firmly established in the bolt tensioning market with a wide range of proven, innovative products, a global customer base, and a worldwide network of distributors. Indeed, the company recently announced more local partnerships with distributors in key markets, having teamed up with Marcem in Australia to

target the country's wind and mining sectors, as well as Kinetic Energy Services in the UK, a leading independent service and maintenance provider to the wind turbine industry.

To satisfy demand for product, the company has also expanded its UK manufacturing operation by acquiring additional facilities adjacent to its current base in Norton Canes, Staffordshire. This will provide extra space for a dedicated refurbishment section, a training and demonstration area, and a large open plan office for the sales and engineering teams to work together in one location.

The company also has an expanding workforce, which was further strengthened this year with a number of new appointments. Most recently, Georgina Orford joined as design engineer, bringing with her nine years of experience in bolt tensioner design – gained in positions with Hydratight and Boltight. As part of TensionPro's engineering team, she will help design bolt tensioner solutions, develop next generation

bolting products and provide technical support to customers and distributors.

Dave Metzger, director at TensionPro, explained: "Our first five years have flown by. There have been plenty of hurdles along the way and it's not always been easy, but we have stuck resolutely to our focus as a specialist supplier of hydraulic bolt tensioning solutions, delivered with excellent customer support and service. Our business model is to work predominantly through distributors and we have developed some excellent relationships within our global network."

A quarter of higher sales for Bulten

Bulten Group has reported that net sales amounted to SEK 1.378 billion for the third quarter of 2023, an increase of 25.9% on the same period the previous year (2022: (SEK 1.095 billion). Adjusted operating earnings totalled SEK 36 million, equating to an adjusted operating margin of 2.6%.

Bulten highlighted that the operating earnings have been charged with transaction costs of SEK 5 million –attributable to the acquisition of Exim & Mfr Holdings Pte Ltd, an Singapore-based distributor of fasteners and other components with annual sales of SG$ 40 million. Bulten explains that the acquisition provides it with a good platform to grow in new sectors, where the distribution stage is a pivotal sales channel.

Anders Nyström, president and CEO at Bulten

Group, commented: "The acquisition of Exim brings business opportunities in new customer groups. We had the highest ever Q3 sales in Bulten's history and the capacity boosting measures have produced results, if later than anticipated, and have burdened the quarterly figures."

From January to September, Bulten's net sales amounted to SEK 4.18 billion, an increase of 33.4% compared to the same period in 2023 (SEK 3.13 billion). Operating earnings (EBIT) totalled SEK 197 million, equating to an operating margin of 4.7%.

Hilti's positive momentum continues

Hilti Group increased sales by 11.3% in local currencies over the first eight months of the year. In Swiss francs, growth amounted to 5% at a total of CHF 4.31 billion (€4.48 billion). At CHF 466 million, the operating result was 18.9% higher than in the same period last year.

In Europe, sales growth in local currencies was 11.9%. In the Americas, Hilti Group saw an increase in sales of 11.9% and in the Asia/Pacific region, the Group posted double-digit growth (+16.5%) as well. The Eastern Europe / Middle East / Africa region saw, as expected, a year-on-year sales decline of -2.3%.

The appreciation of the Swiss franc against all major currencies led to a negative currency impact of 6.3% points on sales growth.

"These results are in line with our expectations," explained Jahangir Doongaji, CEO at Hilti Group. "While the overall supply chain situation is rapidly stabilising, the construction market outlook remains uncertain and varies in different parts of the

world. Despite this uncertainty we continue with our long-term investments to strengthen our company strategically."

Following the particularly strong level of sales growth during the last four months of 2022, Hilti Group expects the sales and operating result growth to come down by the end of the year, with sales growth leveling out at high single digits in local currencies.

Business process management acquisition completes

Following on from Hilti Group's announcement of the acquisition of the 4PS Group at the beginning of July 2023, Hilti has now confirmed the competition authorities have approved the acquisition.

With this acquisition, Hilti has expanded its software offering beyond asset management (ON!Track), and jobsite management (Fieldwire), to now include 4PS' specialist business process management software for the construction industry. By joining forces, the two companies will now play a greater part in driving the digital transformation of the construction industry.

Hilti has stated its commitment to retaining the approximately 350 strong 4PS team, including its management, with the former owners remaining on the board of directors of 4PS to support its integration in the coming years. It will also continue to operate under its existing 4PS Group brand name.

Celebrating 40 years of clamping craftsmanship

Italian industrial clamp and cabling solutions innovator, Clamp Srl, is celebrating its 40th anniversary after four decades of excellence in the European industrial clamp market.

Clamp Srl has made remarkable strides during this time in manufacturing and engineering, earning a welldeserved reputation for quality and reliability, innovation and craftsmanship.

"Since our 1983 inception, we have been at the forefront of technological advancements, consistently pushing boundaries and revolutionising various sectors," stated the company proudly. "From precision engineering to sophisticated manufacturing processes, we have

displayed our expertise across diverse industries, including automotive, aerospace, and energy. By consistently embracing innovative technologies and fostering a culture of creativity, we have not only stayed relevant, but have thrived as a leader in a competitive market."

One of the cornerstones of Clamp Srl's success has been its unwavering commitment to delivering superior quality products and exceptional customer service. Throughout its 40 year journey, it has prioritised customer satisfaction, tailoring

its solutions to meet specific requirements. This customercentric approach has cultivated strong relationships with clients throughout Italy and Europe, earning their trust and loyalty.

"As we celebrate our remarkable 40 year milestone,

the team is setting its sights on the future with confidence. Together with Tridon Europe and Ideal Tridon Group, the company remains dedicated to innovation, service and continuing to exceed customer expectations," concluded Clamp Srl.

PEM® Europe announces distribution partnership with Rivit

PEM® Europe, a leading provider of self-clinching fasteners and precision engineered components, has announced a new distribution partnership with Rivit S.rl, whichw will enable the Italian distributor to offer PEM® Europe's range of self-clinching fasteners and Haeger® insertion presses to its customers throughout Italy.

Mary Ann Fleming, president at PEM® Europe, commented: "We are excited to announce Rivit. as an authorised distributor and bring our range of PEM® selfclinching fasteners and Haeger® machines to a wider audience throughout Europe."

Gerard Quaid, vice-president of sales and marketing EMEA at PEM® Europe, added: "Rivit's extensive experience in the distribution of fasteners and industrial supplies, combined with our precision engineered products, will provide customers with the fastening solutions they need to succeed."

PEM® self-clinching fasteners provide a reliable and costeffective solution for attaching components to thin sheets of metal and other materials, including PC boards. They are widely used in the automotive electronics, consumer electronics, medical, and telecom industries. Haeger® insertion presses provide automated and high-speed insertion of PEM® fasteners, making them ideal for high volume production environments.

"We are thrilled to partner with PEM® and offer their range of self-clinching fasteners and Haeger® insertion presses to our customers," said Francesco Montanari, assistant director at Rivit. "We believe that this partnership will enhance our

offering and help us better serve our customers' needs."

Rivit has been serving the European market for over 40 years and is committed to offering its customers the best products and services. Rivit believes this partnership with PEM® Europe reinforces that commitment and ensures the company continues providing customers with a reliable and efficient solution for their fastening needs.

ARaymond invests in US manufacturing plant

ARaymond is planning to invest US$12 million (€11.2 million) in its Logansport manufacturing plant in Indiana, USA – solidifying its long-term commitment to the region. The investment will include the installation of new pre-finish and coating lines, which will help streamline and improve the company's overall operations.

Larry Barker, ARaymond plant manager at Logansport, stated: "We're excited to continue our commitment to the region and to grow our investment in the Logansport community. This new equipment will allow us to better serve our customers."

The new equipment will arrive at ARaymond's Logansport facility in December 2023, and will be fully operational by August 2024. The addition of the new coating lines is part of ARaymond's overall reimagining of its North American operations, including processes that were spread across multiple locations into one facility.

ARaymond Logansport will process 80% of its coating work and serve as the primary shipping location for both the Hamilton, Ontario and Logansport sites. These changes will provide its customers with benefits, such as avoiding the need

to pick up products in two different locations, crossing borders, reducing administrative work, and aligning with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) engagements.

To celebrate the investment, the plant welcomed ARaymond's global leadership team this past July for a tour of the facility and to learn details of the impacts the US$12 million investment will have on operations.

ARaymond's leadership expressed their full support of this investment as it aligns with both their goals to continually improve the efficiency of their products and services and to being active players in their local communities. "Our company has been in business for 155 years,"highlighted Larry. "Our mission is to continue our story, by making the improvements that respond to our customer's needs and in parallel bring value to our surrounding communities."

Bodegraven Metaal opens Bomet UK

Belgian manufacturer of threaded rods, Bodegraven Metaal, has opened a new entity, Bomet UK, in the west Midlands, to supply threaded bar to UK customers in a move to overcome the challenges, beauracracy and costs associated with BREXIT's impact on its business.

The Belgian company had a previous UK production unit in Willenhall, which it closed in 2007. "Since BREXIT, transport costs to the UK have risen enormously," states Bodegraven Metaal "Due to the extra import and export charges, but also due to the disappearance of many transporters who, because of known start-up problems, chose not to ship to the UK anymore."

Due to these challenges Bodegraven Metaal decided to set up Bomet UK and ship its threaded rods (DIN976-1), which is only 60° thread angle, directly to the UK subsidiary, which means that customers can now buy their studding from an English supplier, saving them a lot of time and cost.

"Bomet UK was actually opened earlier this year, but is now ready to meet the sector's demands from its new branch in the West Midlands," explains Bodegraven Metaal. "We have also invested in new cutting machines in Belgium, which means that special lengths can be delivered quickly and inexpensively to the company's warehouse in Birmingham."

Bomet UK works together with Paul Ponsonby Warehouse, located on the M6 north of Birmingham to handle orders.

Based on Small Packaging Service

CHINFAST Expands DIY Fasteners Market in Europe and America

In order to further strengthen the link with the demand of first-tier retailers and distributors in Europe and the U.S., CHINFAST, having deeply engaged in the industrial fastener production for nearly 20 years, has been actively expanding its business from the production of advanced multi-purpose screws, timber fixing screws and decking screws made of 10B21 and C1022 to the DIY fasteners packaging service over the past 5 years. In the ever-changing global market, it hopes to create a new milestone for sustainable business development.

Diverse DIY fasteners packaging service intelligent ERP production management

Unlike typical mass production lines, DIY fasteners packaging are characterized by small quantities and diverse categories, which are more time-consuming and labor-intensive, and therefore must be adjusted in a timely manner according to product attributes and quantities. In view of this,

CHINFAST not only provides various tool boxes, plastic boxes/ bins, blisters, blister boxes, cardboards, polybags and various color boxes for customers to choose, but also provides 100% customized service according to customers' requirements.

"Backed by a strong professional team, we have introduced the ERP smart factory management system from production to packaging to ensure the flexibility and traceability. All products are controlled by the automated warehouse, and the automatic

packaging line with more than 10 semi-automatic packaging machines is also directly connected to the stereoscopic warehouse, and the AGV automatic shuttle vehicles are applied to transport the goods directly to each packaging table, which effectively saves the goods delivery time and enhances the packaging efficiency and flexibility," said CHINFAST.

Professional packaging team and equipment create a smooth one-stop service

CHINFAST has nearly 60 packaging staff with years of experience to assist customers in designing the optimized packaging methods to achieve twice the result with half the effort. At the same time, it has also worked with the automated packaging equipment factory to successfully develop 4 models (totally 12 sets) of packaging equipment which best fit the characteristics of their products, enabling them to significantly

improve the packaging efficiency. From production to packaging, it completely follows the ISO 9001 specification. There are 6 QC employees to conduct strict quality inspection from raw materials to finished products, and all testing data are kept in record to ensure traceability.

"As an emerging DIY fastener factory, although DIY fastener packaging service currently only accounts for 6% of our annual export volume and in 2022 our total sales reached 7,500 containers, we are confident that we can perform better in the next few years," said CHINFAST.

CE certified ETA certification application in progress

CHINFAST has been active in increasing its competitive edge in recent years. In addition to getting many screws CE certificates, its wholly-owned Haiyan Yousun Enterprise Co.,Ltd (Factory code:C788) has also successfully obtained the favorable 39.6% tax rate in Europe. In the future, if it successfully obtains the ETA certification, together with DIY fastener packaging service, it is expected to increase its proportion and competitiveness of screws exported to Europe.

"With the challenges of global economic contraction, customer demand weakening, unstable raw materials prices and exchange rates, we will continue to refine our capability, cherish every order, provide the best service, and be more dedicated to the DIY fasteners' field. " said CHINFAST.

Analysis of the EU's Initiation of CBAM Levy

Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), also known as carbon border tax, is a tax levied by the EU on the carbon emissions of some imported goods. This mechanism requires that high carbon products imported into or exported from the EU must pay corresponding taxes or refund corresponding carbon emission quotas.

The carbon border tax covers six sectors, namely cement, fertilisers, iron and steel, aluminium, electricity, and hydrogen. As a transitional arrangement, the carbon emission accounting of cement, electricity and fertilisers industries includes direct emission and indirect emission; The carbon emissions of the iron and steel, aluminum and hydrogen, are only accounted for direct emissions.

The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) has come into effect on May 17th, 2023, and on October 1st, CBAM entered into a transition period for implementation. Products exported to the EU are required to report the carbon emissions in their production process (but no payment is required for carbon emissions at this time). After a transition period of 27 months, starting from January 1st, 2026, products exported to the EU will need to pay carbon border tax for carbon emissions.

Goals of CBAM

Prevent "carbon leakage" and promote emission reduction by EU enterprises

For a long time, the European Union Emission Trading System (EU-ETS) has retained a large number of free quotas in order to prevent "carbon leaks" (that is, to prevent European enterprises from transferring high carbon production from Europe to regions with low carbon prices or replacing production in Europe with imports). But free quotas seriously weaken the price signal of the EU carbon market and its function in promoting emissions reduction. In the future, CBAM will replace free quotas as the main means to prevent "carbon leaks".

Protect the competitiveness of European enterprises

Because a higher carbon price will raise the cost of European enterprises and reduce their international competitiveness.

Promote global emissions reduction

A CBAM on producing countries would force them to raise their own carbon prices.

Increase fiscal revenue

CBAM and EU revenues from carbon market auctions (free quota withdrawal) are expected to exceed €2 billion in 2030, most of which will go to the EU's public budget.

Compete for the discourse and rule-making power in global climate governance

Addressing climate change requires global coordination and cooperation, and one country's climate policies have spillover effects on the economies of other countries and regions. Taking the initiative on global climate governance will not only help shape international rules in line with regional interests, but also strengthen the EU's global leadership.

Calculation of carbon emissions

The CBAM Act divides all types of goods into "Simple Goods" and "Complex Goods", and provides the calculation

Figure 1: Six industries covered by carbon border tax levy

method of the actual embedded emissions of the two types of goods respectively.

Simple goods

Simple goods refer to goods that require only zeroemission input materials and fuels in the production process. When calculating the actual embedded emissions of simple goods, both direct and indirect emissions must be considered, which can be calculated using the following formula:

Under certain system boundary constraints, the attributable carbon emissions of commodities during the reporting period can be calculated using the following formula:

Complex goods

Complex goods refer to those goods that require consumption of simple goods during the production process. When calculating the actual embedded emissions of complex goods, only direct emissions need to be considered, and the calculation formula is as follows:

EEInpMat represents the carbon emissions contained in simple goods consumed during the production of complex goods, and its calculation formula is as follows:

Calculation of CBAM fee

The calculation formula for CBAM fee is as follows:

CBAM fee =(carbon price of EU-ETS - carbon price of the producing country) x (carbon emissions of products - free quotas obtained for similar products in the EU)

The impact of CBAM

Firstly, for the EU, CBAM will help reduce the potential carbon leakage in transnational trade, prevent local industries from losing competitiveness due to the first significant reduction in carbon emissions, and help seize the discourse power of climate governance.

Meanwhile, CBAM will also promote the reform and innovation of world rules such as international

trade and international finance aiming at carbon emission reduction, thus shaping a new international political and economic order.

So, what kind of impact will CBAM have on China? CBAM covers six industries, namely cement, fertilisers, iron and steel, aluminium, electricity, and hydrogen. However, since China does not export electricity to the EU, it actually only covers five industries: cement, fertilisers, iron and steel, aluminium and hydrogen. Data released by EU customs shows that, in 2022, the total industry covered by CBAM in China's exports to the EU was about 20 billion euros, while the total export to the EU was 626 billion euros, with only 3.2% of the total export volume affected by CBAM. From this ratio, the impact of CBAM on China is limited. But in the long run, how much impact will CBAM have on China? It must be noted that in the future, the EU may further expand the industries covered by CBAM, and the implementation of CBAM is highly likely to cause a chain reaction, prompting other developed countries to quickly follow up and formulate their own CBAM laws. At that time, the impact on China's industry will be more difficult to predict.

There is no doubt that CBAM will also have a certain impact on China's fastener industry. Based on the EU customs data that has been released, China's exports of steel and aluminum to the EU account for the first place in the EU's total imports. In 2022, their amounts were 15.1 billion euros and 4.5 billion euros respectively. It can be seen that CBAM has a significant impact on steel exports. Data released by the World Steel Association showed that global steel production reached 1.885 billion tons in 2022. Among them, China's steel industry produced the largest amount, with a total output of 1.018 billion tons of steel, accounting for about 54% of the global production. Judging from the current status of carbon emissions, China's steel industry accounts for about 15% of the country's total carbon emissions, making it the industry with the largest carbon emissions among the 31 categories of manufacturing industries.

Using data from the General Administration of Customs o f the PRC, in 2022, China's cumulative exports of steel reached 67.323 million tons, an increase of 0.9%. The implementation

Figure 2: The world's top 10 steel producers in 2022

of carbon border tax will drive up the production costs of the steel industry, leading to an increase in product prices and export pressures. The fastener industry is a downstream industry of steel and has a close connection with it. As the main raw material for fasteners, the rise in steel prices will inevitably lead to an increase in the cost of fasteners. Meanwhile, due to the rise in steel prices, the profits of the steel industry will also decrease accordingly, which may have a certain impact on steel supply and thus affect the production and supply of fasteners.

Methods for dealing with CBAM

Government departments need to incorporate addressing CBAM as an important matter into various strategies and policies, and steadily promote the achievement of the country's goals of "peak carbon dioxide emissions" and "carbon neutrality", transform the growth mode of the economy and foreign trade, and improve the quality of development. Furthermore, it is necessary to accelerate the technological development in the industrial field, significantly reduce the carbon emission level in the industrial field, and thereby reduce the carbon emission intensity of the entire economy. This is a fundamental strategic measure to address all carbon border taxes.

Industry organizations and think tanks need to provide technical support to governments and businesses to cope with CBAM, which involves a wide range of aspects, including technology, process, data collection, etc. Industry organizations and think tanks can give full play to their own advantages and provide support for government departments to formulate relevant policies and standards.

Export enterprises need to speed up technological

transformation and upgrading to achieve low carbon or even zero carbon production as soon as possible, which will be a fundamental measure to deal with the possible introduction of CBAM in all countries. Export enterprises can implement a progressive low-carbon model according to the actual situation, that is, from energy saving and resource recycling to fully zero-carbon production, to cope with the impact of CBAM.

Fastener companies need to deepen their understanding of carbon border tax policies in order to accurately evaluate its impact on the fastener industry. Reducing carbon emissions during the production process by adopting more efficient production processes and purchasing more environmentally friendly production materials is worth considering. Furthermore, fastener companies should actively pay attention to changes in the upstream market, anticipate and plan in advance, and adopt diversified procurement strategies to reduce the impact of rising raw material prices. In short, the fastener industry should actively respond to the carbon border tax to adapt to future development trends.

Summary

As mentioned above, the implementation of CBAM will affect the global economy and trade. Especially for countries that export goods to the EU, their economies will likely be hit hard. Therefore, it is imperative to quickly adapt to new policies, accelerate the development of low-carbon energy and industrial transformation, effectively resolve the adverse effects that CBAM may bring, and prepare for future challenges.

Figure 3: China's steel imports and exports in 2017-2022

Situation of China's Photovoltaic Industry and Opportunities for Fasteners in 2023

Situation of China's photovoltaic industry in 2023

China's photovoltaic industry is undergoing rapid development. Currently, China's photovoltaic industry has formed a relatively mature industrial chain system, with a favorable development trend driven by cost advantages and economies of scale.

In the first half of 2023, China's photovoltaic industry added 78.42GW of grid-connected capacity, an increase of 154%. Among them, centralized photovoltaic power stations installed 37.46GW of capacity, while distributed photovoltaic power stations installed 40.963GW of capacity, which remains the main driver of photovoltaic capacity growth; household photovoltaic power stations installed 21.52GW of capacity, an increase of 142%.

However, export data is slightly inferior: in the first half of 2023, China's photovoltaic module exports reached 23.37

billion US dollars, an increase of 9.5%, with an export volume of 108.1GW, an increase of 37.5%. Cell exports reached 2.4 billion US dollars, an increase of 44.1%, and its export volume was 19.1GW an increase of 83.1%.

Opportunities and challenges of photovoltaic industry

Global energy transition

In recent years, the global shortage of fossil fuels such as natural gas, crude oil, and thermal coal, as well as environmental degradation, have been constantly emerging. Under the dual drive of addressing energy crises and strengthening environmental protection, the transition of energy structures towards diversification, cleanliness, and low-carbonization is an irreversible trend. The photovoltaic industry plays an prominent role in the global energy structure due to its wide distribution and abundant resources, and is strongly supported by policies in various countries worldwide. A report by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) revealed that the global photovoltaic installed capacity reached 192GW in 2022, an increase of 22%. The global renewable energy power capacity increased by 295GW during the same period, which means that photovoltaic power capacity accounts for 65.1% of the global renewable energy power capacity growth.

In September 2022, the EU passed the Renewable Energy Directive, deciding to set the target for renewable energy development in 2030 as 45% of total final energy consumption, in order to achieve the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% compared to 1990 levels by the end of 2030. In March 2021, "peak carbon dioxide emissions" and "carbon neutrality" were written into the government work report of the State Council of the PRC, officially becoming a national strategy. China aims to achieve peak carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. In the future, as a critical part of renewable energy, household photovoltaic has broad development space and huge development potential.

National industrial policy support

In recent years, the central and local governments of China have successively issued policies to support household photovoltaic power stations, creating a favourable policy environment for the development of the household photovoltaic power generation industry and promoting its healthy and rapid development. In February 2022, China's No.1 central document mentioned that it is necessary to consolidate the effectiveness of the photovoltaic poverty alleviation project, develop photovoltaic industries in eligible povertystricken areas, carry out rural infrastructure construction in key areas, and promote the construction of clean energy such as rural photovoltaic and biomass energy.

In June 2022, the "14th Five-Year Plan (FYP) on Renewable Energy Development" jointly issued by nine departments including the NDRC, National Energy Administration, and Ministry of Finance mentioned that firstly, in order to achieve the goal of non-fossil energy consumption accounting for about 20% by 2025, it is essential to promote the development and utilization

of renewable energy; meanwhile, during the "14th FYP" period, to achieve the proportion of renewable energy generation increment of more than 50%, and doubling the amount of wind and solar power generation, it is imperative to facilitate the multi-scenario of photovoltaic power generation and facilitate the development of household distributed photovoltaic.

Drop in photovoltaic power generation costs

With the development of technology, photovoltaic power generation has caught up with or even surpassed traditional fossil energy in terms of the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) as early as around 2020 in many major countries. Photovoltaic modules account for about 30% to 50% of the cost of photovoltaic power generation systems. Due to high competition in the supply chain, suppliers are actively seeking ways to reduce costs and have promoted rapid iteration of production technology, resulting in significant improvement in the cost per watt of modules, mainly including thinning of silicon wafers and increasing their size, as well as improving battery efficiency. This has effectively promoted the drop in photovoltaic power generation costs.

In the future, with the further rise of traditional fossil energy prices, the cost advantage of photovoltaic power generation will be highlighted. The cleanliness and low-cost characteristics of photovoltaic power generation will further promote the development of the household photovoltaic industry.

Expansion and overcapacity coexist

Under the rapid development trend, the photovoltaic industry is facing overcapacity and production expansion challenges. In the first half of this year, photovoltaic companies announced over 260 expansion plans.

Among them, 44% of the capacity of polysilicon has been built, but no capacity has been put into operation; 42% of the capacity of silicon wafers has started construction, and 2% of the capacity has been put into operation; 29% of the capacity of cells has been constructed, and 9% of the capacity has been put into operation; 17% of the modules have been built, and 8% of the capacity has been put into operation.

Currently, the photovoltaic industry's scale has always

been in a dynamically balanced state of relative overcapacity, which can better lay a proactive foundation for future industry demand. However, blind expansion and disorderly competition must be avoided. Excessive expansion of production capacity or large-scale replication of low-end products without sufficient market research and self-assessment may lead to a new round of industry fluctuations.

The competition has extended to the depth of the industrial chain

Facing the complex international environment, the challenges faced by China's photovoltaic industry are extremely severe. Unlike in previous extreme situations where more than 90% of the products depended on exports, as of last year, China's photovoltaic export share still accounted for more than 50% of the total market production.

The current trade situation in the photovoltaic industry is severe and complex. In addition to previous measures such as AD/CVD investigations, tariff policies, low-carbon certification qualifications, etc., new measures have emerged, especially the passage of Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA) by the European Parliament on September 14. The act agrees to diversify the supply of key raw materials such as lithium and silicon, and plans to ensure that by 2030, any strategic raw material supply from a single country shall not exceed 65%.

Photovoltaic companies in other countries are also continuously strengthening their efforts in areas such as photovoltaic glass, adhesive films, and brackets. Taking the United States as an example, it announced the expansion of production capacity involving five categories of photovoltaic modules, cells, silicon ingots and wafers, and inverters, focusing on building an integrated photovoltaic industry chain.

Overall, China's photovoltaic industry has broad development prospects. China Photovoltaic Industry Association (CPIA) predicts that China's newly installed photovoltaic capacity will reach 120-140GW in 2023. Meanwhile, with the increasing emphasis and demand for renewable

energy globally, photovoltaic power generation will become one of the crucial development directions in the future global energy field. Third-party institutions predict that the global photovoltaic installed capacity will reach 350GW, 430GW, and 540GW respectively from 2023 to 2025.

The opportunities of fastener industry under the rapid development of photovoltaic industry

The rapid development of the photovoltaic industry has also brought many opportunities to the fastener industry. Photovoltaic modules, inverters, brackets, etc. all use a large number of fasteners, especially those with characteristics such as corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, impact resistance, and good weather resistance. The most commonly used and widely applicable ones mainly include stainless steel hex bolts and nuts, serrated washers, double fold washers, T-groove bolts, Torx screws, etc.

Taking a look at the photovoltaic bracket market, whose market size in China reached 19 billion yuan in 2022, an increase of 8.6%. With the continuous increase of photovoltaic installed capacity in China, it is expected that the market size of photovoltaic brackets will continue to increase steadily in the future. AskCI predicts that the market size of China's photovoltaic brackets will reach 21 billion yuan in 2023 and increase to 25.3 billion yuan in 2024. From the general situation of the photovoltaic industry, the cost of fasteners including connectors and bent anchor bolts accounts for about 11%, while the gross profit margin of photovoltaic bracket companies is basically between 10% and 15%. Roughly estimated, the market value of photovoltaic bracket fasteners in China reached about 2 billion yuan in 2022, and the total demand for photovoltaic fasteners in the whole photovoltaic industry is expected to exceed 10 billion yuan.

At the same time, governments across China are actively promoting the integrated layout of the photovoltaic industry chain. In September 2023, Zhejiang Province issued the "Implementation Opinions on Promoting High-Quality Development of New Energy Manufacturing Industry (20232025)", supporting Jiaxing, Jinhua and other regions to accelerate the integrated layout of large-scale photovoltaic bases and photovoltaic equipment manufacturing. It is expected that by 2025, the operating income of energy electronic industries will exceed 700 billion yuan, of which photovoltaic energy will exceed 550 billion yuan. Anhui, Shanxi, Qinghai and other regions have successively introduced policies to support the development of photovoltaic industry chain this year. As an intermediate industry in the photovoltaic industry chain, the fastener industry will undoubtedly seize new opportunities for development with this opportunity.

Forecast of global new photovoltaic installed capacity from 2022 to 2025 (Unit: GW)

Market and Opportunities of Fasteners in Mexico

Economic situation of Mexico

Mexico is located in the southern part of the North American, bordering the United States to the north and with a population of about 128 million. Mexico is the world's 14th largest economy, with a GDP of $1.4 trillion in 2022, a year-on-year increase of 3.1%. Its total GDP ranks second in Latin America, with a per capita GDP of about $11,000. Secondary industries such as manufacturing have achieved an annual growth rate of 3.3%. Mexico is also a member of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which provides a more convenient environment for Mexico's trade with the United States and Canada, and Mexico enjoy zero tariff trade with neighboring countries, which promotes exports and foreign investment.

Fastener import-export in Mexico

In 2022, the total import value of fasteners in Mexico

reached $3.63 billion, a year-on-year increase of 13.08%; the total export value was $280 million, a year-on-year increase of 13.48%. Based on Mexico's import and export trends of fasteners in the past five years, the import and export volume in 2023 will continue to grow rapidly.

The top ten import sources for fasteners in Mexico in 2022 were: the United States ($1.6 billion), China ($630 million), Taiwan ($510 million), Germany ($200 million), Japan ($150 million), Korea ($140 million), Italy ($80.63 million), Canada ($75.93 million), India ($30.11 million), France ($25.53 million).

The top ten export markets in 2022 were: the United States ($240 million), Canada ($7.57 million), Panama ($4 million), China ($3.75 million), Brazil ($2.82 million), Guatemala ($2.82 million), Nicaragua ($1.91 million), El Salvador ($1.82 million), Thailand ($1.75 million), Colombia ($1.43 million).

From the import and export data of Mexico in 2022, we can find that the import scale of fasteners is 12 times that of exports. On the one hand, there is a strong demand for

fastener imports, with the top ten import sources including Europe, America, and the Asia Pacific region. Generally speaking, fastener products in the European and American regions are mainly aimed at the high-end market, while those in the Asia Pacific region are mainly aimed at the mid to lowend market, indicating that there is a huge demand for both high-end and low-end products in Mexico. On the other hand, Mexico's overall export of fasteners is not prosperous, at only $280 million. The United States dominates the export market, accounting for over 80% of Mexico's fastener exports.

Opportunities in Mexican fasteners market

In recent years, Mexico has attracted international capital in the manufacturing industry. A research report by the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas indicates that Mexican manufacturing attracted 36% of foreign direct investment in 2022, with automotive manufacturing attracting 8% and automotive components attracting 4%. The booming manufacturing industry has brought a large demand for fasteners.

Meanwhile, the consumption of fasteners in Mexico is closely related to the United States. Most fasteners are not only produced for the Mexican market, but most industrial finished products (such as automobiles, machinery, building parts, and white goods) assembled in Mexico are exported, with most exports going to North American markets.

Automotive industry

In 2022, Mexico's passenger car production reached 3.3 million units, making it the seventh largest automobile manufacturing country in the world. It is also the fourth largest component manufacturer in the world. The world's top ten fuel vehicle companies have production capacity layout in Mexico,

among which Japanese and American car companies have laid out earlier and nurtured mature industrial chain supporting facilities.

In 2021, Mexico exported 2.86 million automobiles, accounting for 87% of total production, with nearly 90% going to North America. The proportion of cars exported from Mexico to the United States is 77.5%, mainly SUVs and pickup trucks, and their proportion is still increasing year by year, reaching 80% in 2022. Although the penetration rate of new energy vehicles in Mexico is low, it has been growing rapidly in recent years. Tesla has also established a new factory in Mexico, with an expected annual production capacity of 1 million vehicles, including next generation of compact cars.

Aviation industry

Although the aviation industry in Mexico started relatively late compared to the automotive industry, it is rapidly developing due to its geographical advantages of being close to the United States and Canada and strong support from the government and associations. In 2018, the total output value of the Mexican aviation industry reached $8.5 billion, accounting for about 1.5% of Mexico's manufacturing industry output value.

The Mexican aviation industry mainly relies on attracting foreign-funded enterprises to invest in Mexico, and provide related components and supporting services for internationally renowned brands. In the past ten years, Mexico's aviation exports have experienced an average annual growth rate of 15%, higher than other manufacturing industries.

Construction industry

The Mexican construction industry has a positive outlook, as shown in the 2023 Global Construction Industry Survey. The government's infrastructure stimulus measures, renewable energy revolution, increased capital investment in strategically important industries, and the release of post-pandemic business demand have created significant opportunities for engineering and construction companies to thrive. A report by Global Data indicates that, with a construction market size of $177.8 billion in 2022, Mexico has emerged as the largest construction market in Latin America, having surpassed Brazil.

Fastener Statistics in India E

conomic situation and fastener import-export in India

In recent years, the Indian economy has continued to grow, with a GDP of $3.39 trillion in 2022, making it one of the fastest-growing major economies in the world. Based on the United Nations demographic research, India is the world's largest populated country, with a total population of 1.41 billion, exceeding China in mid-to-late April 2023. The rapidly developing economy and huge population size have also created a thriving fastener market in India.

Using data from the Indian customs' import-export statistics, the import of fasteners exhibited a clear "V" pattern from 2018 to 2022. The total import value in 2018 was $951 million, which then declined for two consecutive years, reaching its lowest point of $608 million in 2020, mainly due to the impact of the global economic slowdown and the pandemic. However, starting from 2021, with the recovery of India's import-export trade, the import of fasteners has rebounded and grown again. In 2022, the total import value of fasteners basically returned to and exceeded the level of 2018, reaching $961 million, and it is expected to expand further in the future.

In terms of exports, except for a slight decline in 2020, the export of fasteners has generally maintained stable growth from 2018 to 2022, rising from $580 million to $833 million, with a growth rate of 43.6%.

Details of fastener imports in India in 2022

In 2022, India's total imports of fasteners amounted to $961 million, a year-on-year increase of 10.51%. The top ten import source countries and regions are China, South Korea, Germany, Japan, the United States, Singapore, Thailand, Taiwan, Italy, and the United Kingdom.

China is the largest source country for India's fastener imports. The value of fasteners imported from China in 2022 is about $251 million, with a share of 26.2%;

South Korea, Germany, and Japan rank second, third, and fourth among the source countries of imports. Their import values are around $100 million each and account for about 10% of the total;

The source countries and regions ranking fifth to tenth account for less than 10% of the total share and their values are between $26.084 million and $64.478 million.

Details of fastener exports in India in 2022

India is also one of the world's major exporters of fasteners. In 2022, the total export value of fasteners was $833 million, a year-on-year increase of 15.79%. Ranked by amount, the export markets of Indian fasteners in 2022 were: the United States, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Italy, Poland, Spain, and France.

The United States is India's largest export market for fasteners. The total amount of fasteners exported to the United States in 2022 is about $210 million, accounting for 25.2% of India's total fastener exports;

The second largest export market is Germany. The export value is about $100 million and accounts for 12% of total fastener exports;

The third largest export market is the Netherlands. The export value is $96.984 million, accounting for 11.6% of India's total fastener exports;

The export market shares ranked fourth to tenth are all below 10%, with amounts ranging from $19.382 million to $57.733 million.

Future outlook for the Indian fastener market

As one of the world's emerging economies, India's fasteners market is growing rapidly. The growth of the automotive industry has driven India's demand for fasteners. Local automakers such as Maruti Suzuki, Tata Motors, and Mahindra & Mahindra consume a large amount of automotive fasteners every year. Due to the growth of the automotive industry and other manufacturing sectors, India's demand for fasteners will likely continue to rise in the next few years. A report by market research firm Straits Research predicts that the Indian industrial fasteners market will reach $17.9 billion by 2030, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.9% from 2023 to 2030.

The Indian fastener market has long relied on foreign imports. Although there are over 10,000 fastener manufacturers in India, they do not have an advantage in price and quality compared to imported fasteners. Local Indian manufacturers have always regarded imported fasteners, especially Chinese fasteners, as a major threat. In July, India announced that it would implement a quality control order (QCO) for imported fasteners, allowing only products meeting Indian standards to be imported; in September, India announced the initiation of anti-dumping investigations on fasteners originating in or imported from China. These measures are designed to limit the import of Chinese fasteners and safeguard the interests of the local fasteners industry.

Due to India's favorable market environment, potential customer base, and lucrative business opportunities, many large companies from developed countries such as the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, and France have invested. In the future, with the development of India's economy, the global fasteners industry will also embrace new opportunities.

CFM 2023 Global Business TourJapan Station

--Exploring the success of "Made in Japan"

As a long-established developed country, Japan's manufacturing industry is well-known globally. For a long period of time in the past, "Made in Japan" was synonymous with high quality and excellent performance. So what is the secret of "Made in Japan" to go to the world? What is the current situation of Japan's manufacturing industry?

From October 3 to 9, the CFM Global Business Tour's fourth session went to Japan. The CFM visiting delegation visited exhibition and well-known companies to gain a deep understanding of the current situation of Japan's manufacturing industry, providing valuable experience for the fastener industry.

Japan is the world's third-largest economy, after the United States and China. The country's real GDP for 2022 was 546 trillion yen, an increase of 1.1%. This was the second consecutive year since the COVID-19 pandemic that Japan has achieved economic growth, but the increase was smaller than the 2.1% in 2021. As a highly modernized and industrialized country, Japan has formed a series of mature industrial clusters during its rapid development in the past few decades, including the automotive industry, electronics industry, cultural industry, etc. These industries play an extremely prominent role in the stable development of Japan's economy.

On October 4th, CFM arrived at the scene of the wellknown exhibition in Japan's manufacturing industrythe 2023 M-Tech Osaka. Taking this opportunity, CFM had indepth communication with foreign counterparts and learned about the latest trends in Japan's fastener industry.

As a sub-exhibition of Manufacturing World Osaka, M-Tech Osaka attracts the participation of global fastener companies every year, with exhibits including various mechanical components, materials, equipment, and technology. Statistics reveal that a total of 1,367 exhibitors were present at the event.

Japan is an distinguished importer and exporter of fasteners in the world. Based on Japanese customs data, Japan's total import of fasteners in 2022 was $998,539,270, and its total export was $2,560,248,986. China is Japan's largest source country for fastener imports, and it is also Japan's largest export market for fasteners. In 2022, Japan imported

MANUFACTURING WORLD OSAKA

$370 million of fastener products from China, and other major import sources include the United States and Taiwan. In terms of exports, Japan exported $610 million of fastener products to China in 2022, and the United States and Southeast Asia are also its major export markets.

SUNCO

After bidding farewell to the exhibition, CFM went to SUNCO, a leading fastener distributor in Japan. The procurement manager and international business manager of SUNCO received us. SUNCO was founded in 1948 and its headquarters is located in Osaka, currently employing nearly 800 staff. It maintains a product inventory of over 300,000 items and is supplied by nearly 1,300 manufacturers from Japan and abroad.

A highlight of SUNCO is their self-built automatic warehouse system. They have established a logistics center in Higashi-osaka, where orders are efficiently processed from start to finish in just 15 minutes on average, with a daily output of 35,000 units. This efficient logistics system is closely connected to Japan's well-developed fastener industry.

The Japanese fastener industry has experienced a process from imitation to innovation, from import to export, and from standardization to customization. After decades of development, a high-level and large-scale fastener industry chain has emerged. As revealed by the Fasteners Institute of Japan (FIJ), there are currently about 3,000 fastener manufacturers in Japan, with an annual production value of about 1 trillion yen, as well as about 400 distributors and trading companies with annual revenue of about 45 billion yen.

NITTOSEIKO (Yata Plant)

On October 5th, after the trip to Osaka, CFM came to Kyoto. CFM visited NITTOSEIKO's local Yata plant. NITTOSEIKO is a well-known Japanese manufacturing company, founded in 1938, with 1,990 employees, including fastener division, industrial machinery division and control system division. Mr. Tadashi Uehara, the vice minister and minister of management of the fastener division, personally received us.

As a veteran Japanese manufacturing company, NITTOSEIKO has extensive experience in automation. Robots are applied in the workshop to replace manual feeding, which not only improves production efficiency but also reduces labor costs. Furthermore, they have a strict system for workshop management, which further enhances their competitiveness.

Japan is a manufacturing powerhouse, with manufacturing accounting for about 20% of GDP, supporting it's core industries. Automobiles, electronics, machinery, chemicals and other fields are particularly noteworthy. However, due to the aging population and intensified international competition, Japan's manufacturing output has shown a downward trend.

In recent years, Japan's manufacturing industry has shown a trend of reflux. Japan Federation of Construction Contractors (JFCC) released a survey showing that in 2022, the domestic construction order in Japan increased by 8.4% year-on-year to 16 trillion yen, reaching a new high in the past 20 years. This

trend is driven by Japanese manufacturing's pursuit of highquality and sustainability as well as the support of local supply chain. The reflux of the manufacturing industry has driven the growth of Japanese economy, and the fastener industry, as an key component of the manufacturing industry, will also benefit from this trend.

DOWA THERMOTECH (Hamamatsu-Kita Plant)

On October 6, CFM embarked on a journey to Shizuoka, our destination was the Hamamatsu-kita plant of DOWA THERMOTECH, a subsidiary of DOWA, which is one of Japan's leading industrial furnace manufacturers and heat treatment processing specialists. Under the guidance of the Japanese receptionists, we toured the R&D center, manufacturing plant, and heat treatment plant. DOWA Group was founded in 1844 and headquartered in Tokyo with 7,569 employees.

Japan's heat treatment and industrial furnace industry is at the forefront of the world. In terms of technological R&D, Japan has been committed to improving the efficiency and effectiveness of heat treatment processes to meet changing market demands. Meanwhile, with increasing environmental awareness, Japanese heat treatment enterprises are actively developing environmentally friendly heat treatment technologies, such as vacuum heat treatment, gas nitriding, ion nitriding, etc., to reduce their impact on the environment.

During this visit, DOWA showed their latest heat treatment equipment: the new generation of heat treatment furnaces of Z-TKM series, which can effectively reduce carbon emissions and achieve green production.

DOWA also has a subsidiary in China - Kunshan DOWA Thermotech Co., Ltd., mainly providing industrial furnace manufacturing and heat treatment processing services. It is particularly worth mentioning that Ms. Su Yajun, the marketing department head of Kunshan DOWA, came specifically to receive CFM and made thoughtful arrangements for this visit. We would like to express our sincere gratitude.

KYOCERA

After visiting NITTOSEIKO, CFM arrived at the KYOCERA Corporation. CFM watched a biography of Mr. Inamori Kazuo, the founder of KYOCERA. He is known as the god of contemporary business management and has founded two Fortune 500 companies. Many people are familiar with his experience and his "Amoeba Management". CFM had a guided tour of the KYOCERA Museum to learn about the latest technologies and applications of precision ceramics in the industrial field.

Toyota Commemorative Museum of

and Technology

Industry

CFM also visited the Toyota Commemorative Museum of Industry and Technology, the birthplace of Toyota's industry.

The actual production process of Toyota's automobiles is exhibited here, as well as the historic cars such as the first standard AA-model sedan and the first truck produced by Toyota. In the components display area, the operating mechanism of transmissions and engines can also be observed closely.

Japan is one of the most prominent and largest automotive manufacturers in the world. The automotive industry accounts for 40% of its industrial output value and around 10% of its GDP. Since the 1960s, Japan has consistently ranked in the top three countries in terms of automobile production, surpassing Germany. From the 1970s to the 1990s, the Japanese automotive industry developed rapidly and surpassed the United States in the 1980s and 1990s, with an annual production of up to 13 million vehicles, becoming the world's largest car producer at that time.

In recent years, due to competition in new energy vehicles, as well as factors such as the chip and component supply shortages, Japan's automobile production has been gradually decreasing. Data from the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA) reveals that Japan produced 7.84 million vehicles in 2022, a year-on-year decrease of 16.3%; in the first half of 2023, Japan produced 4.02 million vehicles, a year-on-year decrease of 8.4%. In today's new energy era, the Japanese automotive industry is undoubtedly facing unprecedented pressure.

Despite the impact of economic stagnation and international competition, Japan's fastener import and export remains generally stable. Data released by Ministry of Finance Japan indicates that in the first half of 2023, Japan's total import value of fasteners was 68,893,693 thousand yen (about $474 million), with a total import volume of 145,644 tons; the total export value of fasteners was 152,360,499 thousand yen (about $1.047 billion), with a total export volume of 137,450 tons. Due to competition from fastener companies in Asia Pacific and other regions, Japan has lost some international market share, but with advanced technology, it still holds a certain position in the high-end market. The fastener industry in Mainland China, Taiwan, India, Southeast Asia and other regions still has a long way to go to surpass Japan.

"It's not where you go that matters, but who you go with." Only by traveling with excellent people can we become more excellent. In 2024, the CFM visiting delegation will set off again. You are welcome to join us!

China General Machine Components Industry Association (CMCA)

The First Session of the Second Conference of China Machinery Basic Components Innovation Alliance and the First Fasteners and Thread Technology Exchange Conference held in Beijing

On September 1, the "First Session of the Second Conference of China Machinery Basic Components Innovation Alliance and the First Fasteners and Thread Technology Exchange Conference" was successfully held at the Huairou Science and Technology Innovation Base in Beijing. About 300 representatives from the machinery general components industry as well as upstream and downstream related industries attended the conference. Tang Jun, the director of General Machinery Division in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology's Equipment Industry Bureau, attended the conference and delivered a speech.

Director Tang believes that basic components are the core link of advanced industrial foundation and modern industrial chain, and also the basic unit of high-quality development of equipment manufacturing industry. Regarding the highquality development of basic components, he put forward three requirements: firstly, to enhance the understanding of the importance of laying a solid foundation for the high-quality development of basic components; secondly, to conduct an in-depth analysis on the current situation of high-end basic components' development status and plan scientifically with targeted approach; at the same time, to concentrate on the goal of high-quality development of basic components, and work together to achieve practical results.

Regarding the innovative development of basic components industry, the conference invited Qu Xianming, Deputy Director of National Industrial Basis Expert Committee; Li Weirong, Secretary-General of China General Machine Components Industry Association (CMCA); Shi Yuhong, Special Deputy Chief Engineer of China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT) to give keynote speeches respectively on "Industrial Basis Development Lagging behind is the Biggest Bottleneck of China's Manufacturing Development", "Building a Strong Foundation and Strengthening the Chain in the Components Industry" and "Current Situation and Prospects of Aerospace Fastening Connection Technology Development".

Ding Baoping, Chairman of National Fasteners Standardization Technical Committee, presided over the fasteners and thread technology exchange. Eight experts including Li Xiaobin, Deputy Director of National Thread Standardization Technical Committee, Xu Chunguang, Professor of Beijing Institute of Technology, etc. made technical reports; 10 enterprises including China Railway Shanhaiguan Bridge Group Co., Ltd. (CRSBG), Beijing Shouhang Science Technology Development Company, etc. conducted a "onestop" application demonstration exchange of high-strength fasteners. The conference also held an award ceremony for outstanding papers of "The First Fasteners and Thread Technology Exchange Conference".

Guangdong Fastener Industry Association

The third session of the 4th congress of member representatives was held grandly

On October 31st, the third session of the 4th congress of member representatives of the Guangdong Fastener Industry Association was successfully held in Foshan. The president of the Guangdong Fastener Industry Association, Chen Jutian, along with all members and leaders of other fastener industry associations attended the meeting.

At the meeting, President Chen provided a comprehensive review of the significant opportunities in the current fastener industry, including favorable policies for the manufacturing industry such as "Made in China 2050", the "Belt and Road" initiative, and the RCEP agreement; the Canton Fair has reached new heights, and positive factors for foreign trade continue to accumulate; the automotive and photovoltaic industries are developing rapidly, and demand from downstream application markets is increasing. He also mentioned the challenges facing the fastener industry such as transformation and upgrading, energy conservation, and emission reduction, and encouraged industry colleagues to uphold the spirit of "persevering in our resolve" and create a new glory for China's fastener industry.

Ms. Zhang Meijiao, Secretary-General of the Association, presented a report on the Secretariat of the Association's work. The meeting also included the presentation of the Guangdong Fastener Industry Association's plaque for special lawyers, the plaque for high-end equipment supporting fastener industry demonstration base, and the plaque for the second quarter of 2022 to 2023's new members and council adjustment members.

The meeting awarded the "Pioneer" honorary title to five outstanding fastener entrepreneurs in recognition of their contributions to the Guangdong fastener industry. Chen Minhua, General Manager of Fuying Metal and Iron Wire Product Co., Ltd., Xu Fusheng, General Manager of Dongguan Kelee Wire & Technologies Co., Ltd., Chen Jutian, Chairman of Foshan Kuiloon Metal Products Co., Ltd., Zhang Zhikai, General Manager of Foshan Shunde District Zhichuang Xianghong Industry Co., Ltd., and Yang Junfeng, Chairman of ChinaFastener.com, were awarded this title.

Yangjiang Fastener Industry Association

The third session of the 1st congress of member representatives was successfully held

On September 9th, the third session of the 1st congress of member representatives of Yangjiang Fastener Industry Association was grandly held. Leaders of Yangjiang municipal government and various associations in the fastener industry, representatives of member companies and guests from all walks of life attended the meeting.

Mr. Chen Shengshan, the president of the Yangjiang Fastener Industry Association, addressed the meeting and expressed his heartfelt gratitude to all the guests, hoping that industry peers could develop and strengthen the fastener industry, strive to make fasteners a benchmark industry in Yangjiang, and promote its economic development.

The congress approved the work report and financial report of the association from 2022 to 2023. Mr. Liu Yuanping, President of Dongguan Fastener Industry Association, also presented a watercolor painting to Mr. Chen Shengshan, fully demonstrating the strong friendship between the fasteners

industries in Dongguan and Yangjiang.

After the meeting, the host also prepared a banquet for the guests. At the banquet, the association presented plaques to new members.

Yangjiang is located in the southwestern coast of Guangdong, adjacent to the Pearl River Delta, with an excellent geographical location. Since 2017, Yangjiang has actively hosted the industrial transfer of fasteners in the Pearl River Delta.

The government of Yangjiang has made every effort to build a fasteners industry base with industrial parks such as Yangdong Economic Development Zone and Jiangcheng Yinling Technology Industrial Park as a carrier, successfully attracting more than 100 fasteners enterprises including STL and Boito to invest and settle down. Currently, Yangjiang has become an important production base of fasteners in China with an annual output value exceeding RMB 10 billion.

Dongguan Fastener Industry Association

Dongguan Fastener Industry Association's visit to Yangjiang

To enhance the communication and cooperation between associations, and explore the future development of the industry, on September 8th, led by Dongguan Fastener Industry Association's President Liu Yuanping, the association organized a visit to Yangjiang.

After arriving in Yangjiang, Dongguan Fastener Industry Association first held an exchange meeting with Yangjiang Machinery Equipment Industry Association.

The colleagues of Yangjiang Association introduced in detail the current production and management situation of the settled Dongguan enterprises. Both sides conducted friendly discussions on topics such as industrial transfer and enterprise service. Both sides also further confirmed the intention of deep cooperation to promote the healthy development of the fasteners industry in both places. After the meeting, the association members set out to visit fasteners enterprises in Yangjiang.

This visit promoted the communication and understanding between fastener enterprises in Dongguan and Yangjiang, laying a solid foundation for expanding and deepening cooperation fields, promoting information sharing and resource integration, and achieving win-win cooperation in the future.

Hong Kong Screw and Fastener Council

Hong Kong Screw and Fastener Council attended the AUTO TECH 2023 South China

From November 1st to 3rd, AUTO TECH 2023 South China —— the 10th China Guangzhou Automotive Technology Expo 2023, was held at the Guangzhou Poly World Trade Exhibition Hall. The Hong Kong Screw and Fastener Council participated in this exhibition as a group.

Thanks to the rapid development of China's automotive industry and the transfer of the global automotive supply chain to China, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) centered on Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hong Kong, and Zhuhai has the largest automotive production base and automotive industry cluster in China, making it the focus of the automotive market.

The Hong Kong fastener industry has advanced intelligent Multi-Task Machining (MTM) technology and applies it to the production of high-value customized fasteners for the automotive manufacturing industry.

This exhibition is an important opportunity, and the association has specially established the "Hong Kong Pavilion" at the exhibition, hoping to provide efficient, reliable, and professional customized fastener solutions for automakers in mainland China through a series of promotional activities in the Chinese market.

European Industrial Fasteners Institute (EIFI)

EIFI elects new president

It is safe to say that Paolo Pozzi has earned his credentials in the field.

With a degree in Aerospace Engineering from the Politecnico Institute of Milan, he joined the Agrati Group in 1995, where he held various positions until becoming General Manager of the parent company "Agrati SpA" and then a member of the Board of Directors. He was appointed Managing Director of the Group in 2008 and CEO in 2016.

Under his leadership and in line with the Presidency, the Agrati Group has undergone a transformation that is clearly visible today through the achievement of important goals. These successes can be summarized by an annual turnover exceeding 680 million euros and a staff of more than 2400 employees operating across 12 manufacturing establishments situated in Europe, the United States and China.

Paolo Pozzi's innate talent for diplomacy, coupled with his engaging personality, has garnered him recognition and respect within the social sphere of his profession, both nationally and internationally. He has carried out and continues to carry out

intense professional and membership activities. Therefore, it came as no surprise when he was unanimously elected as EIFI President for the period of 2023-2027 during the EIFI General Shareholders' Meeting held on 12 May 2023 in Meissen (Germany).

British & Irish Association of Fastener Distributors (BIAFD)

BIAFD's Autumn Meeting was held

Seven insightful presentations were delivered at this year's Autumn meeting, which took place on October 12 at the Delta Hotels by Marriott Forest of Arden Country Club.

Following requests from members, BIAFD took a closer look at Russian sanctions, CBAM and anti-dumping duty, and

the implications each of these important topics had for the fastener distributor industry.

With more businesses being put under the microscope than ever before, the Health and Safety Executive explained how health and safety breaches were investigated and what to expect if one did not comply. This was followed by Ian Doherty, BIAFD chairman and CEO of Hexstone, who delivered a session on how to change a health and safety culture and keep one's most important assets safe.

NatWest's Neil Parker delivered a presentation on the current state of the economy, which included an update on interest and exchange rates.

Finally, BIAFD's new Secretariat introduced the first of a series of new member benefits.

BIAFD's AGM was held following the conclusion of the talks.

Fastener Manufacturers Association of India (FMAI)

Messe Stuttgart India and FMAI Join Hands for FASTNEX India 2024

Messe Stuttgart India, a prominent name in the exhibition and trade fair industry, has joined forces with the Fastener Manufacturers Association of India (FMAI) to present FASTNEX India 2024, an eagerly anticipated event that promises to be a game-changer in the fastener and fixing industry. The partnership marks a significant step towards fostering cooperation and leveraging each other's strengths to create a dynamic platform for knowledge sharing, business collaborations, and showcasing the latest advancements in fasteners and related technologies.

The signing of this collaboration was marked by the presence of distinguished members from both organizations, including FMAI President, Narinder Bhamra, and key

representatives from Messe Stuttgart India, including Mukesh Kharia, Hitesh Khanna, Suresh Babu Pigilam, Oyindrila Ghosh, and Vainshi Khatiyan.

The Fasteners Institute of Japan (FIJ)

On October 1st, the "Memorial Award Ceremony and Gratitude Gathering for Mr. Shoichiro Tsubaki" was held in Yokohama

On October 1st (Sunday), at the Hotel New Grand in Yokohama, the "Memorial Award Ceremony and Gratitude Gathering" was held in honor of Mr. Shoichiro Tsubaki, the former president of both the Fasteners Institute of Japan (FIJ) and the Japan Research Institute for Screw Threads and Fasteners (JFRI) (current chairman of the Gosho Works Ltd.). Over 100 personnel from the fastener industry attended and expressed congratulations.

Mr. Shoichiro Tsubaki was recognized for improving the recognition and professional ability of the fastener industry, creating a foundation for technological innovation, promoting the transformation and collaboration of the FIJ and the JFRI, widely promoting the importance of fasteners while introducing skill testing, and making contributions to the development of the industry and association.

At the "Gratitude Gathering," a string trio performed to welcome the guests. Mr. Shoichiro Tsubaki then gave an opening speech expressing his gratitude.

Following Mr. Shoichiro Tsubaki's speech, Mr. Yoshinori Sato delivered a speech on behalf of the FIJ. Mr. Toshiyuki Sawa, representing the JFRI, also gave a speech. Finally, everyone raised their glasses to celebrate.

中国十大紧固件上市公司2023年三季报

Fatigue Failures of Threaded Fasteners

First author: Wang Bin

Corresponding author: Wang Hui (huiwang@chinazbj.com)

Third author: Qi Yongdong

Zhejiang National Inspection and Testing Technology Co., Ltd (No. 777 Fengtan Road, Haiyan, Zhejiang)

Abstract: Fatigue failure of threaded fasteners has a significant impact on the reliability of threaded connections. The author discusses the factors affecting the fatigue performance of threaded fasteners from the perspective of geometric shape, thread forming process, heat treatment and surface treatment process, environmental factors, assembly quality and external load through laboratory case statistics.

Keywords: Threaded Fasteners; Fatigue Failure; Geometry; Process Technology; Environmental Factors; Assembly Quality and External Loads.

Application and failure characteristics of fasteners

Fasteners, known as "industrial rice", are widely used in various fields of industrial applications, such as automotive, wind power, rail transportation, etc., due to their fast and interchangeable characteristics. According to statistics, about 70% of the connected components and combination devices are connected by fasteners[2]. The failure of fasteners often brings serious consequences, so it has always been a concern of people.

The Kempa Gymnasium in the United States was built in 1974, with a load-bearing structure consisting of three threedimensional steel frames. The roof steel frame is suspended on the three-dimensional frame beam, and each suspension node is connected with four A490 high-strength bolts. On the evening of June 4, 1979. The high-strength bolt broke and the central part of the roof suddenly collapsed. After analysis, it was found that the main reason for the collapse of the gymnasium was: under the action of wind load, the creep of the plastic cushion layer of the high-strength bolt caused a loss of bolt pre-tension, thereby exacerbating the fatigue failure of the bolt.

At 16:45 on June 29, 2010, a major safety accident occurred in the "Space Trek" entertainment project of OCT East of Shenzhen Training Center, resulting in 6 deaths and 10 injuries. According to the investigation team, the cause of the safety accident was that a bolt with a diameter of 16 millimeters was not considered to withstand alternating loads in the design, and corresponding fatigue calculations were not conducted. Due to the looseness of the bolt, the relative movement between the flange of the guide pillar and the piston rod during

operation was intensified, which worsened the stress condition of the bolt and led to fatigue failure of the bolt [4] .

Due to the common and serious nature of the failure of threaded fasteners, analyzing the causes of failure modes, proposing targeted preventive measures, and proposing improvement measures from various aspects such as design, manufacturing, and installation of threaded fasteners are of great significance in preventing major accidents caused by the failure of threaded fasteners [5]. The author sorted out 344 cases of failure of threaded fastener carried out in the laboratory from 2015 to 2017. As shown in Table 1, there are 225 fatigue parts in the fields of automobiles, wind power, rail transit, and mechanical engineering, accounting for 65%. It can be seen from Table 1 that the fatigue failure rate of threaded fastener is more than 75% in the field of wind power and rail transit, and 60% in the automotive industry. This is mainly because the automotive industry uses more grade 12.9 high-strength bolts, and the probability of hydrogen embrittlement is relatively high. At present, railway vehicles mainly use 8.8 and 10.9 bolts, which have a low probability of hydrogen embrittlement, so the fatigue failure of these bolts is relatively high. Among them, fatigue fracture is the most common failure mode of threaded fasteners [6] .

Definition and causes of fatigue fracture

The American Society for Testing and Materials defines fatigue as a process in which a material undergoes a gradual and permanent change in its structure, resulting in a change in stress and strain at one or more points on the material, which ultimately leads to cracking or complete fracture after a sufficient number of changes. This process is irreversible [7]

Many fasteners bear alternating loads during service, such as tension, compression, and bending, which cause fatigue fracture of fasteners under alternating stress, such as wind tower bolts, blade bolts, engine cylinder head bolts, etc. But there are also some fasteners whose working load is not an alternating load, and the fatigue fracture of such fasteners is often related to the vibration stress of the system or adjacent systems. The most common locations for fatigue failure of fasteners are at the corresponding thread of the nut washer,

the transition between the thread and the screw, or the transition between the bolt head and the rounded corner of screw [8]

Identification of fastener fatigue

Fatigue failure has the following characteristics [9]:

1) The stress level that leads to fatigue fracture is low, and the fatigue limit is lower than the tensile strength of the material, or even lower than the yield strength of the material. It is a cumulative damage process, and it is destroyed after several stress cycles, usually thousands or even millions of times.

2) After fatigue fracture, there will be no significant plastic deformation. Generally, three parts can be seen on the fatigue fracture surface: fatigue source, fatigue crack propagation zone (usually showing fine porcelain like and beach like lines) ,and the

static fracture zone (where the remaining area after the crack extends to a certain depth suddenly fractures in one or few instances, forming a rough fracture zone in the form of crystals or fibers).

Fatigue failure is very sensitive to material defects, and the fatigue source usually originates from high stress

concentration areas of components or connections, or surface defects such as inclusions, cracks, mutations, soft spots, and notches. The common failure locations of threaded fasteners are at the root of the first tooth in the mating part with the nut, at the transition point between the bolt head and the screw, and at the transition zone between the thread and the polished rod.

Fatigue testing standards for fastener products [2]

The fatigue strength of bolts is generally measured using the axial tensile fatigue test method. For more detailed information, please refer to GB/T13682-1992 "Axial Load

Table 1 Statistics of bolt failure cases (2015-2017)

Figure 1 Macroscopic image of fatigue fracture [10]

Fatigue Test Method for Threaded Fasteners", ISO 3800: 1993 "Threaded Fasteners-Axial Load Fatigue Testing-Test Methods and Evaluation of Results". The fatigue test sample is a finished bolt and cannot be reprocessed. Different types of axial load fatigue testing machines can be used, such as electromagnetic resonance high-frequency fatigue testing machines or electrohydraulic and servo-controlled material testing machines. Generally, it should be loaded as a sine wave, with a frequency range of 4.2-250Hz. The test fixture should be able to transmit the test load to the specimen and automatically align it. The test is generally conducted continuously under a constant average load, and the average load of the test is generally 40%~70% of the nominal tensile load of the bolt. According to the service bearing characteristics of bolts, the test can also be carried out continuously under constant minimum stress or constant stress ratio until the sample fails or reaches the specified number of cycles.

The fatigue performance of bolts is usually characterized by fatigue strength or S-N curve, and the strength index used is generally the load borne by the parts. The lifting and lowering method is generally used to determine the fatigue limit, and in order to shorten the test time, the SAFL method can also be used. Basically, the measurement method of bolt fatigue S-N curve is the same as that of material test, and the overload part of the fatigue curve should generally take 4 load levels, and each load level should have at least 3 data points.

Due to the fact that bolts are components with sharp notches, their fatigue performance is more sensitive to factors such as material, process, and test conditions, resulting in a high degree of scatter in fatigue strength. In order to achieve the same test accuracy, the number of bolt specimens required is often greater than other parts.

Factors affecting the fatigue performance of threaded fasteners

The factors that affect the fatigue life of bolts can be divided into internal and external factors. Internal factors include geometric shape, processing technology, and material metallurgical quality (with a relatively small impact), while external factors include environmental factors, assembly quality, and external loads. These factors are interconnected and mutually influencing. Therefore, when evaluating and analyzing the fatigue life of bolts, it's necessary to comprehensively consider these factors.

Geometric appearance

When the bolt and nut engage, the force distribution on the thread is uneven. As shown in Figure 2, the thread closest to the bearing surface of the nut is subjected to the maximum static force, accounting for approximately one-third of the total force. At the same time, this thread also bears the maximum

force when subjected to alternating loads. Therefore, most fatigue fractures occur in this thread.

The root of thread is an obvious stress concentration area, and the thread stress concentration coefficient is 4~9, which is the most important reason why the fatigue strength of bolts is lower than that of the material itself. The fatigue strength of bolts is usually only 10%~20% of the fatigue strength of the material. In GB/T 197, the minimum radius of the thread root is 0.125 times of the thread pitch. There are two kinds of threads in ASME B1.1, UN and UNR threads. The minimum radius of the root of the UNR thread is 0.108 times the pitch, while the flat root of the UN thread is allowed. In GJB 3.2A, there is a MJ thread with a minimum thread radius of 0.150 times of the thread pitch. The smaller the arc of the thread root, the worse the fatigue strength of the bolt, therefore, MJ is the recommended thread form for fatigue loading.

Processing Technology

Thread forming process

Due to limitations in the manufacturing process, the actual thread is not perfect. As shown in Figure 3, the circular root of the thread in Figure (1) is made into a flat root, resulting in more pronounced stress concentration and the formation of fatigue cracks at the corners. Figure (2) shows the fatigue fracture of the automotive wheel hub bolt due to the sharp angle at the end of the thread.

Figure 2 Force model

Figure 3 Thread defects

In addition, discontinuous defects on the thread, such as micro-cracks and folds, are also important causes of fatigue. Figure 4 shows a batch of aviation titanium alloy bolts that failed laboratory fatigue testing. Through microscopic observation of the thread structure, it was found that there is a tiny fold at the bottom of the thread, which is the key factor leading to the rapid initiation of fatigue cracks.

The thread forming process generally adopts several methods of rolling before heat treatment, rolling after heat treatment and turning. Among them, the turning method is usually used for nuts and rarely for bolts due to its poor fatigue performance.

According to VDI2230, for stress cross sections As in accordance with DIN 969 and ISO 3800, DIN EN ISO 898-1, and for high strength bolts with standard threads of 6g/6H, the following formula can be used to calculate:

For bolt threads rolled before heat treatment, the fatigue stress limit σASV is calculated according to the following formula:

σASV =0.85(150/d+45) (5.2.3/1)

d——Nominal diameter

For bolt threads rolled after heat treatment, the fatigue stress limit σASG is calculated according to the following formula:

σASG =(2-FSm/F0 , 2min)*σASV (5.2.3/2)

FSm——Average bolt load

F0 , 2min——Bolt load at minimum yield point (no torsional stress)

The fatigue stress limits of formulas 5.2.3/1 and 5.2.3/2 are only applicable when the alternating cycle exceeds ND= 2*106. When there are only a few thousand alternating cycles (NZ>104) and the stress amplitude is greater than the fatigue limit that occurs at work, the following formula should be used:

Rolling before heat treatment (SV): σAZSV =σASV (ND/ NZ)1/3 (5.2.3/3)

Rolling after heat treatment (SG): σAZSG =σASG (ND/ NZ)1/6 (5.2.3/4)

ND——Number of alternating cycles under continuous load

NZ——Number of alternating cycles loaded within the fatigue strength range

To study the fatigue performance of two rolling processes, the laboratory used two methods to produce two batches of bolts for testing. The bolt size is 3/8 inches, with UNR threads, and the bolt material is 35 steel. Figure 5 shows the thread structure of two types of bolts, with no discontinuous defects on the two lines. Among them, there is a clear metal flow line on the thread of the rolling wire after heat treatment, but it is not shown on the thread of the rolling wire before heat treatment. The process of thread forming can be distinguished by the presence or absence of metal flow lines.

Figure 4 Titanium alloy bolts

Figure 6 Tensile test curve

Figure 5 Thread structure

Rolling wire after heat treatment Rolling wire before heat treatment

The mechanical performance test results of two batches of bolts are shown in Figure 6. The yield strength of the two bolts is about 45KN, equivalent to 900MPa. The yield preloading force of the two batches of bolts is about 36KN, which is about 80% of the tensile yield. It can be seen that the static strength of the two batches of bolts is similar.

The author tested the fatigue performance of two bolts. A sine wave load was used in the test, with an average load set at 32KN, which is approximately 70% of the yield strength of the bolt. The fatigue limit was determined to be 5 million cycles. As shown in Figure 7, the S-N curves of the two bolts show no significant difference in fatigue life between the two batches of bolts under high loads. However, as the load decreases, the bolts of the rolling wire after heat treatment exhibit good fatigue performance, which is 15% higher than the fatigue limit of the bolts of the rolling wire before heat treatment. This is mainly because there is residual compressive stress on the surface of the thread during the rolling process, which is beneficial to the fatigue performance of the bolt.

Heat treatment and surface treatment process

cracks to appear in the decarburized layer, resulting in fracture failure. Figure 8 shows the fatigue crack on the decarburized layer of wind power bolts.

Surface treatments such as hot dip galvanizing, zinc infiltration, dacromet, etc. have adverse effects on the fatigue performance of fasteners. When bolts made of austenitic steel and non-ferrous metals are treated with hot-dip galvanizing, their fatigue strength will be reduced by approximately 20%.

Stress coupled environmental corrosion

Some bolts may be used in corrosive environments, such as by the sea or in areas with acid rain. In the laboratory case, a certain type of double-head bolt experienced fatigue under small loads, as shown in Figures 9 and 10. By observing the fracture surface, we found that the bolt had both fatigue and corrosion characteristics, with the main corrosion element being chlorine.

The heat treatment process is also a factor that affects the fatigue of fasteners. Carburization and decarburization are both harmful to the fatigue of fasteners. Carburization will cause the surface of fasteners to appear blocky coarse or reticulate carbides. The production of this hard and brittle material will cause a sharp decrease in the toughness of the carburized layer, making cracks more prone to appear. Decarburization will cause the overall strength of fasteners to decrease, making it easy for surface

In order to study the effect of environmental corrosion on the fatigue performance of bolts, the author placed the bolts in a 3.5% sodium chloride solution with a PH value of 5. The testing frequency was reduced to 1Hz, and the average load was set at 32KN. Three different amplitude loads were applied in the experiment.

As can be seen from Figure 11, the fatigue limit load amplitude of the bolt in salt solution is less than 2KN, while that in air is greater than 2KN. Therefore, bolts are more prone to fatigue in salt solutions. The fatigue performance of the bolts of the rolling wire after heat treatment is always better than that of the bolts of the rolling wire before heat treatment.

Figure 7 S-N curve of rolling wire before and after heat treatment

Figure 9 Element content of a certain double-head bolt

Figure 10 Fracture location

Figure 8 Wind power bolts

Figures 12 and 13 show the fatigue fracture of bolts in air and salt solution. At the fatigue fracture of the bolt in the salt solution, intergranular cracks can be seen to appear. This is a typical cracking characteristic caused by corrosion and stress. This indicates that corrosion accelerates the initiation of fatigue cracks and reduces the fatigue performance of bolts.

Effects of preloading force and external loads

In a standard fatigue test, the load is applied directly to the fastener. However, in practical applications, fasteners are usually preloaded on the connector, through which the load is transferred to the fastener. The author designed a fixture to test the fatigue performance of bolts in a tightened state. As shown in Figure 14, the stiffness ratio of the bolt to the fixture is 1:4. Assuming the maximum working load of the connecting components is 29KN, and the overload of the fatigue test is set to 29KN, with a load amplitude of 14KN, which is approximately

5 times the fatigue limit of the bolt itself. Before the test, we tighten the bolts to four different preloading forces of 36, 33, 31 and 23KN respectively, and then test the fatigue performance of the connectors.

From the Figure 15, it can be concluded that the preloading force of bolt 1 is 36 KN, which means that the preloading force has reached its yield point. The preloading force of bolt 4 is only 23 KN, which is less than the maximum working load of the fatigue test, indicating that the contact surface of the clamp will be pulled apart during the test. The higher the preloading force, the better the fatigue performance of the connector. Even if the bolt is preloaded to its yield point, the fatigue performance of the connector is still acceptable. However, when the preloading force is less than the maximum load of the fatigue test, the fatigue performance of the connector is the worst, and the bolt will fracture after only 30,000 cycles. This result may suggest that, with constant external loads, higher preloading forces have a positive effect on the anti-fatigue performance of connectors.

Figure 11 Test results of environmental corrosion test

Figure 14 Fixture

Figure 15 Fatigue performance test results under different preloading forces

Figure 12 Fatigue fracture in air

Figure 13 Fatigue fracture in salt solution

High strength bolted connection must apply a certain preloading force. Reasonable preloading force can not only improve the anti-loosening ability of bolts, but also increase the fatigue life of bolts and the reliability of connected parts [11] .

The influence of assembly consistency on fatigue performance

In addition to the characteristics of the bolt itself and the external environment play a decisive role in the fatigue performance of the bolt, different installation methods also have an important impact.

Tensioner and hydraulic wrench are commonly used in field installation fastening methods. The error of accuracy of the tensioner's preloading force is up to ±51%. Due to the eccentric load effect of the reaction arm during fastening, the hydraulic wrench will result in uncontrollable rotational friction caused by the eccentric load, even if each nut obtains the same rotational torque. After the fastening is completed, the accuracy error of the preloading force of bolt also reaches ± 15%~30%. Due to the harsh wind environment, there is often sand and dust on the surface of the flange during lifting, and the nut cannot fit the flange surface, which leads to the inaccurate load of the bolt and the uneven load of a circle of bolts [12]

The research by Cao Guangqi [13] and others shows that poor assembling can lead to gaps between the flange joint surfaces after the tower drum is lifted. This gap not only increases the stress amplitude of the bolt, thereby affecting its fatigue life, but also allows rainwater to enter the interior of the tower and cause the bolt to rust, which also has a detrimental effect on its fatigue life. If L-shaped flanges are used for tower installation, filling the gaps by adding gaskets can effectively avoid gaps caused by installation and enhance the fatigue

performance of the overall structure.

During the maintenance of high-strength double-head studs connecting the blades and pitch bearings in the hub of a certain wind turbine, it was found that one of the 54 studs in the entire circle had undergone fatigue fracture. After research, it was found that the reason for the fatigue fracture of this stud was that the preloading force of the blade connecting double-head stud is inconsistent, and the preloading force of the double-head stud is insufficient or too large, resulting in excessive stress amplitude and increased alternating load, resulting in a decrease in clamping degree and loosening of the double-head stud, and ultimately leading to bidirectional bending fatigue fracture of the stud [14]

Conclusion

1.Threaded fasteners can improve their fatigue strength from three aspects: geometric shape, thread forming process, heat treatment and surface treatment process.

2. The fatigue strength of the fastening connection structure is not only related to the fatigue strength of threaded fasteners themselves, but also to factors such as the preloading force of assembly and service environment.

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[12] The path of innovation is getting wider and wider, the control technology of the preload force of the Kettke bolt can effectively prevent fan overturning accidents [J] Equipment Management and Maintenance 2015, (12)

[13] Analysis of influence of flange clearance on fatigue life of tower cylinder connection bolt [J]. Cao Guangqi, Chen En, JI Jian. Equipment Machinery. 2015(04).

[14] Fracture causes analysis of high strength stud connecting fan blade and variable propeller bearing [J]. Wang Zhenhai. Equipment Management and Maintenance. 2019(17).

The 21st Hand Tools and Fastener ExpoHuge Potential in Emerging Market

From September 1st to 3rd (local time), the three-day 21st Hand Tools and Fastener Expo (HTF) was held in Mumbai, India.

HTF is one of the largest exhibitions of hardware tools in Asia, and it's also the largest and most recognized hardware professional exhibition in India. Since 2002, it has successfully held 20 sessions. According to the organizers' data, more than 300 exhibitors participated in this year's exhibition, with more than 12,000 professional visitors and an exhibition area of 15,000 square meters. The exhibition includes various electric tools, manual tools, fasteners, and building hardware.

Every year, HTF attracts more than 20,000 professional buyers from India and neighboring countries such as Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Pakistan, etc. to visit and negotiate business. Through on-site communication, it is learned that most of the participants in this exhibition are practitioners in the machinery manufacturing, automotive, construction, furniture and other industries, and they have a high demand for highquality and low-priced fasteners.

Rising fastener market in India

India is one of the world's leading importers and exporters of fasteners. The statistics show that the total import of Indian fasteners in 2021 was $869,883,156 and the total export was $719,697,921. Both imports and exports rank among the top in the world.

From the relevant industry reports can be known, it is expected that by 2023, the demand for fasteners in the Indian market will reach 460 billion rupees, with a compound annual growth rate of about 9.6%. Industries such as automotive, construction, machinery, aviation, and railway will drive the growth of the Indian fastener market. With the promotion of "Made in India", India's economic and industrial policies have also given strong support to fastener demand.

The automotive industry is the largest user of industrial fasteners in India, accounting for about 75% of the fastener market share. In terms of car sales, India has surpassed Germany to become the world's fourth largest car market and is expected to become the world's third largest passenger car market in the near future, relevant media reported. It is evident that the Indian automotive fastener market has huge potential.

The rise of local fastener industry in India

The local fastener industry in India is currently in a highspeed development stage. The Indian Fastener Association

stated that there are more than 10,000 fastener manufacturers in India, with more than 70% of fastener production factories concentrated in Ludhiana. Raw materials, molds and consumables, surface treatment, heat treatment, fastenerrelated equipment and so on can be found in many local factories. In recent years, with the promotion of the "Made in India" policy and the industrial transfer in the context of the Sino-US trade war, the Indian fastener industry has rapidly emerged, not only to meet local demand but also to export to Europe, America, the Middle East and other countries.

Indian fasteners rely on low labor costs to maintain cheap product prices, which has taken a share of China's low-end market. In particular, in the European and American markets, Chinese fasteners still need to face high tariffs, which gives India an opportunity. In recent years, India has tried to improve product quality by introducing advanced equipment and technology to enhance its international competitiveness. In the future, Chinese fasteners will face greater pressure in the international market.

Follow CFM to the 2023 Manufacturing World Osaka

Manufacturing World Osaka is the largest industrial exhibition in Western Japan and the leading manufacturing trade show in Asia. From October 4 to 6, the 26th Manufacturing World Osaka was held at INTEX International Exhibition Center. At the same time, the subexhibition M-Tech Osaka was held. CFM brought the 35th "China Fastener Magazine (CFM)" to participate in the exhibition, and explored the latest trends in Japan's fastener market.

This exhibition brought together 1,030 exhibitors from around the world, with more than 33,000 visitors coming to visit and purchase. The exhibition focused on DX, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things solutions, additive manufacturing, factory automation, motion control, machine parts, factory facilities and equipment.

This Manufacturing World Osaka attracted buyers from countries and regions around Japan, such as mainland China, Taiwan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, as well as Europe and the United States to visit and purchase. Most of these purchasers come from the heavy industry and machinery manufacturing industries, mainly including home appliances, steel, shipbuilding, chemicals, textiles and paper making industries.

Due to the geographical proximity, many buyers at the exhibition participated in the Fastener Expo Shanghai in June. This kind of "connection" has also brought each other closer. During active communication with buyers, CFM enthusiastically invites them to participate in the 14th Fastener Expo Shanghai, which will be held at the National Exhibition and Convention Center (Shanghai) from March 20 to 22 next year, receiving positive responses from many buyers.

Fastener industry in Japan

As one of the world's economic powers, Japan has a huge consumer market. In 2022, Japan's real GDP reached 546 trillion yen, an increase of 1.1%, making it the third largest

economy in the world.

After decades of development, Japan has created a high-level and large-scale fastener industry chain. According to data from Japan's Ministry of Finance, in the first half of 2023, Japan's total import value of fasteners was 68,893,693 thousand yen (about 4.74 billion US dollars), with an import volume of 145,644 tons. The total export value of fasteners was 152,360,499 thousand yen (about 10.47 billion US dollars), with an export volume of 137,450 tons. Through sorting out relevant data, it can be seen that Japan's largest import source and export destination for fasteners are both mainland China. In 2022, Japan's top five import sources for fasteners were mainland China, Taiwan, South Korea, Vietnam and Thailand.

Manufacturing reflux - bring opportunities for fastener industry

In recent years, Japan's manufacturing industry has shown a trend of reflux. According to a survey released by the Japa n Federation of Construction Contractors, in 2022, Japan's domestic construction orders increased by 8.4% year-on-year to reach 16 trillion yen, creating a record high over the past 20 years. The growth of Japan's domestic construction orders means an increase in factory infrastructure and a faster reflux of manufacturing industry. Manufacturing requires a large number of fasteners, which provides rare opportunities for global fastener exports.

CFM Lands at International Fastener Expo 2023!

From October 9th to 11th (local time), International Fastener Expo (IFE) 2023 was held at the Mandalay Bay Convention Center. As the largest and most professional fastener exhibition in North America, IFE attracts dealers, distributors, suppliers, and manufacturers from all over the world every year. This year, CFM sent a professional team to the United States to participate in the exhibition and boost the morale of the Chinese fastener industry!

This exhibition attracted 567 fastener companies from more than 30 countries worldwide. The exhibits covered a wide range, including various fasteners, related processing equipment, and hardware tooling components. In addition, the exhibition featured multiple themed areas such as fastener manufacturing equipment, fastener surface treatment, and fastener application.

On site, CFM also saw the presence of many Chinese fastener companies. As a well-known fastener producing area, Haiyan organized 38 companies to jointly participate in the exhibition. The CFM team and their global counterparts exchanged cordially at the US exhibition and explored new ideas for international trade in the fastener industry. The 35th issue of "China Fastener Magazine (CFM)" was also launched at the exhibition and distributed to global buyers.

US fastener Industry - highly developed and specialized

The US fastener industry has developed into a highly developed and specialized industry. According to data from the National Fastener Distributors Association (NFDA) and the Industrial Fasteners Institute (IFI), production and sales in the US fastener industry are mainly concentrated in the Midwest and Southeast regions. Among them, Illinois and Michigan in the Midwest are the largest production centers, while Virginia

and North Carolina in the southeast also have significant production capacity. Illinois Tool Works (ITW), Stanley Black & Decker, Fastenal, Howmet Aerospace, and other leading global fastener suppliers are all American-based.

US fastener import demand is huge

As one of the three major fastener demand markets in the world, the US is a major importer of fasteners globally. In 2022, total imports of US fasteners amounted to $8.533 billion, a year-on-year increase of about 30%. CFM reporters also saw suppliers from various countries and regions such as Taiwan, India, Mexico, and Turkey at the exhibition, many of whom regarded this exhibition as a crucial opportunity to open up the US market and compete for market share.

International Fastener Expo is one of the three major fastener exhibitions in the world alongside Fastener Fair Global and Fastener Expo Shanghai.

From March 20th to 22nd, 2024, the 14th Fastener Expo Shanghai will be held at the National Exhibition and Convention Center (Shanghai). The exhibition welcomes global counterparts to visit and participate in order to promote transnational communication in the fastener industry.

FASTENEX 2023

—— CFM takes you to explore the development trends of the Russian fastener market!

FFASTENEX is a concurrent exhibition of Weldex, the largest welding exhibition in Russia, attracting more than 1,500 professional buyers every year. FASTENEX covers various product areas, including industrial fasteners and fittings, building fasteners, assembly and installation systems, fastener manufacturing equipment, information, communication and services, accessories and tools, etc.

CFM reporters found through on-site visits that most of the buyers at this exposition were representatives from fields such as machinery manufacturing, transportation engineering, shipbuilding, oil and natural gas, metallurgy, and construction and energy. The exhibitors were basically fastener enterprises from China, with about 50 participating.

The CFM booth (Booth number: A1039) attracted many buyers. In addition to reading the latest 35th issue of CFM, many people also inquired about information about Chinese suppliers. CFM staff patiently answered various inquiries and actively invited Russian buyers to participate in the 14th Fastener Expo Shanghai, which will be held at the National Exhibition and Convention Center (Shanghai) from March 20th

to 22nd next year. Among them, many Russian buyers are old friends who have participated in the exhibition for many years.

Relying on imports: the Russian fastener market

In recent years, due to the thriving development of Russia's automotive, aviation, and machinery industries, the domestic supply has been unable to meet the strong demand for fasteners, resulting in a deep dependence on imports. According to data in 2021, the amount of fasteners imported by Russia reached 461,000 tons, with an import amount of 1.289 billion US dollars. Among them, mainland China is the largest source of fasteners imported by Russia, with a market share of 44%. And the fasteners produced in Russia are mainly exported to neighboring countries such as Kazakhstan and Belarus. In 2021, the export volume of fasteners in Russia was 77,000 tons, and the export value was US$149 million.

Opportunities for Asian fastener companies under Western sanctions

The Russian fastener market has not been easy in the past three years due to the COVID-19 pandemic and Western sanctions. However, the market is gradually recovering. It is worth noting that participants from China, Turkey and India have seized the opportunity to fill the vacant sub-markets.

In the past three years, several large international manufacturers such as DMG Mori, Danieli and Hitachi have rom October 10th to 13th (local time), the four-day FASTENEX 2023 was held in Moscow. The CFM team brought the 35th issue of "China Fastener Magazine (CFM)" to participate in the exhibition in Russia, taking you to explore the latest development trends of the Russian fastener market.

left the Russian market. Part of their supply has been parallel imported or replaced by products from Chinese, Turkish and Indian companies. The import share of the metal fittings market accounts for about 30%, and China, which accounts for more than 70% of the total imports of fittings, is in a leading position in terms of supply. The main problem facing manufacturers is a lack of machine tools and other technical equipment, which means not only cannot buy new machines from Europe, but software updates are also quite difficult. Therefore, in addition to the products themselves, various equipment is also currently needed. It can be predicted that under Western sanctions, the Russian market will provide more opportunities for fastener companies in Asia and other regions.

CFM Speed-Runs to 2023 Korea Metal Week!

On October 18, 2023, the three-day 2023 Korea Metal Week was grandly opened at the Korea International Exhibition Center. As a well-known media in the fastener industry, CFM brought the latest 35th issue of "China Fastener Magazine (CFM)" to the exhibition site.

Korea Metal Week is the largest international comprehensive exhibition for the metal industry in South Korea. This year's exhibitors and exhibiting brands total 379, including companies from mainland China, Taiwan, Japan, Russia, Dubai, Turkey, India, Malaysia and other countries and regions. The entire exhibition consists of eight sub-exhibitions and integrates metal products such as fasteners and wire, automotive and mechanical parts, pipes, as well as production

technologies such as die-casting and foundry, stamping and forging, metal surface treatment and painting.

The latest issue of CFM was sought after by on-site buyers, who have consulted with CFM staff for reference. Through friendly interactions with attendees from various countries, we discovered that the highly anticipated aspect of the exhibition was the extensive display of metal industry-related exhibits. Numerous buyers expressed that they were able to source the majority of their company's annual procurement needs at this exhibition.

South Korea is an important producer and importer of fasteners in the world. Data from the South Korean Customs show that in 2022, the total import of fasteners in South Korea was $609 million, with an import volume of 170,804 tons. The total exports amounted to $1.01 billion, with an export volume of 210,973 tons.

The South Korean automotive industry is well developed. Data from the Korea Automobile & Mobility Association (KAMA) reveals that the annual output of South Korean automobiles increased by 8.5% to 3.76 million vehicles in 2022, becoming the world's fifth-largest automobile producer. In the first half of 2023, Korean car companies led by Kia and Hyundai achieved an export value of US$35.7 billion worldwide, a year-on-year increase of 46.6%, creating a record high export value for the same period in Korean history. The developed automotive industry also brings a large demand for fasteners. With the economic recovery of South Korea after the COVID-19 pandemic, the fastener market will also expand.

Manufacturing World 2023 Fukuoka: Shaping the Future of Industry in Kyushu

FUKUOKA, Japan - Marking its debut in this vibrant city, Manufacturing World Fukuoka is expanding its horizons to provide an extensive international exhibition that focuses on the latest advancements in the manufacturing industry, set to take place at Marine Messe from November 29 to December 1, 2023.

Fukuoka is part of the Kyushu province, the fourth-largest economic area in Japan has grown into a manufacturing hub over the years. According to the Japan External Trade Organization, the city has a production capacity of over 1.5 million cars annually. It also houses a cluster of partsmanufacturing plants and R&D bases. Kyushu has a history of hosting major electronics and semiconductor manufacturers' factories and is renowned for being the birthplace of Japan's first large-scale steelworks.

Taking this into account, RX Japan, the country's largest exhibition organizer, fittingly brings Manufacturing World to Fukuoka, after being held in Tokyo for 34 years, Osaka for 26 years, and Nagoya for 8 years. The show will comprise eight concurrent shows, each dedicated to a specific product category, and will focus on key areas, including DX (Digital Transformation), AI (Artificial Intelligence), IoT solutions, additive manufacturing, factory automation, motion control, mechanical components, and factory facilities/equipment.

The conference program of Manufacturing World 2023 Fukuoka will be highlighting cutting-edge case studies and insights from industry leaders, and will present a distinguished line-up of speakers, each recognized for their expertise and contributions to the industry, such as Masanori Shimazoe, who serves as the General Manager of Kumamoto Factory and holds the position of Vice President at Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Mr. Shimazoe will shed light on the initiatives at the Kumamoto Plant, Honda's fourth largest domestic site in Japan.

In addition, Manufacturing World 2023 Fukuoka will feature special lectures on Mitsubishi Heavy Industries' space business initiatives, to be delivered by Atsutoshi Tamura. As the Vice President and Senior General Manager of the Space Systems Division within the Integrated Defense & Space Systems of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd., Mr. Tamura will bring invaluable insights into this dynamic sector.

Moreover, attendees will have the privilege of engaging with experts from teTra aviation Corp., including Hidemi Arai, and many other industry leaders who will lead discussions on Japan and International Trends in eVTOL.

Natsuko Shiraishi

Manufacturing World 2023 Fukuoka will likewise highlight rich and diverse content, offering industry professionals a valuable opportunity to gain insights and forge connections with experts in their respective fields. To view the conference program, go to https://biz.q-pass.jp/f/7454/mwf23/seminar_ register .

Discover Fukuoka and Kyushu

In addition to the enlightening experience offered by Manufacturing World 2023 Fukuoka, participants can explore the rich cultural and natural offerings of Fukuoka and the Kyushu region. Beyond the manufacturing industry, Kyushu is celebrated for its culinary delights, offering some of Japan's finest seafood and local dishes. Visitors can indulge in the region's natural beauty, which boasts numerous hot springs, providing a tranquil and relaxing escape from the bustling world of manufacturing.

Don't miss this opportunity to be a part of Manufacturing World 2023 Fukuoka and explore the wonders of Kyushu. For more information and registration details, visit the official event website at https://www.manufacturing-world.jp/kyushu/ en-gb.html.

About Manufacturing World Japan

Manufacturing World Japan is a leading international manufacturing event that brings together industry experts, innovators, and decision-makers to exchange knowledge, showcase technologies, and shape the future of manufacturing. With a diverse range of exhibitors, informative conferences, and networking opportunities, Manufacturing World Japan provides a comprehensive platform for industry professionals to stay abreast of emerging trends, establish connections, and drive business growth.

International Sales & Marketing Group, RX Japan Ltd.

E-mail: visitor-eng.mfg.jp@rxglobal.com

Website: https://www.manufacturing-world.jp/kyushu/en-gb.html

2024 FASTENER EXHIBITIONS

Mar.

Apr.

May

Jun.

Jul.

Eisenwarenmesse Fair 德国（科隆）五金展览会

Cologne·Germany

14th Fastener Expo Shanghai 第14届上海紧固件专业展

Shanghai·China

Manufacturing World Nagoya 名古屋工业展

Nagoya·Japan

Wire and Tube 2024

2024德国杜塞尔多夫管材、线缆及线材展览会

Dusseldorf·Germany

FASTENER EXPO EURASIA 土耳其伊斯坦布尔紧固件展览会

Istanbul·Turkey

METALTECH & AUTOMEX

马来西亚国际机床、金属加工设备与自动化科技展

Kuala Lumpur·Malaysia

Fastener Fair USA 美国紧固件展览会

Taiwan International Fastener Show 台湾高雄扣件展

Kaohsiung·Taiwan

Manufacturing World Japan 日本工业展

Tokyo·Japan Cleveland·USA

Manufacturing Expo

泰国机械制造博览会

Bangkok·Thailand

Fastener Fair India

印度紧固件展览会

New Delhi·India

Aug.

For more information on overseas exhibitions, please feel free to contact us.

Mobile: +86-18588814900

Sep.

Oct.

如需咨询海外展会，请随时与我们联系

Tel: +86-20-82270630

Date to be

Hanoi·Vietnam

Email: editor@chinafastener.com

Date to be

Fastener Expo Southeast Asia 2024 2024东南亚（印尼）紧固件专业展

Jakarta·Indonesia

Hand Tools & Fastener Expo

印度国际五金工具展

New Delhi·India

Fastener Fair Mexico

墨西哥紧固件展览会

Guadalajara·Mexico

International Fastener Expo 2024

2024美国拉斯维加斯国际紧固件展

Las Vegas·USA

Manufacturing World Osaka 大阪工业展 Vietnam Manufacturing Expo 越南制造业博览会

Osaka·Japan

FASTENEX

莫斯科国际紧固件、配件和工具展览会

Moscow·Russia

Korea Metal Week

韩国金属周

Seoul·South Korea

FastTec

俄罗斯莫斯科国际紧固件及五金展览会

Moscow·Russia

Fastener Fair Italy

意大利（米兰）紧固件展

Milan·Italy

Fastener Poland

波兰（克拉科夫）紧固件展览会

Krakow·Poland

Hardware & Hand Tools Expo

越南五金及手动工具展

Ho Chi Minh City·Vietnam

Ningbo ABC Fasteners Co.,Ltd. 宁波联欣标准件有限公司

Ningbo ABC Fasteners Co.,Ltd. is one of the main manufacturers for building anchor in China. We are able to provide various kinds of anchor such as drop in anchor, wedge anchor, metal frame anchor, sleeve anchor, etc. We also provide standard & non standard parts.

+86-574-62468311

budifast@yahoo.com， sales@abcfasteners.cn

www.abc-fasteners.com / abcfastener.chinafastener.com

Jiaxing Xingxin Trade Co., Ltd. 嘉兴兴欣贸易有限公司

Jiaxing Xingxin Standard Heat Treatment Co., Ltd is found in July 2005. It has grown to the leader of fastener heat and surface treatment in China. The main products including hex bolt, hex nut, drywall screw, threaded rod and washer etc.

Anchors

Jiaxing Haina Fastener Co., Ltd.

嘉兴海纳紧固件有限公司

Jiaxing Haina Fastener Co., Ltd. mainly deals in the sales of fasteners, stainless steel bolts, nuts, screws, solar mounting systems and solar photovoltaic accessories. Welcome interested parties to consult.

+86-18668368299

tony@hainafastener.com

www.hainafastener.com / haina.chinafastener.com

FIXDEX

+86-573-86058220

allen@jx-xingxin.com

www.jx-xingxin.com / xingxin.chinafastener.com

Wenzhou FengDing Fastener Manufacturing Co., Ltd. 温州市丰鼎紧固件制造有限公司

Wenzhou FengDing Fastener Manufacturing Co., Ltd. was founded in 1997. The company mainly produces flange bolts, hex bolts, machine screws, big large flat top products of GB DIN JIS and other international standards. Parts can be produced according to customer requirements.

+86-577-86500568

wzfdjgj@163.com / jxfengding@163.com

Bolts

GOODFIX & FIXDEX GROUP

The national high-tech and giants enterprise, covering over 300,000㎡ with over 500 employees and the products includes post-anchoring systems, mechanical connection systems, photovoltaic support systems, seismic support systems, installation, positioning and screw fixing systems. We are not only professional solutions provider but the large leading manufacture for following: Wedge anchors ( through bolts) / Threaded Rods / Short thread rods / Double end threaded rods / Hex bolts / Nuts / Screws / Chemical anchors / Foundation Bolts / Drop in Anchors / Sleeve Anchors / Metal Frame Anchors / Shield Anchors / Stub pin / Self drilling screws / Hex bolts / Nuts / Washers / Photovoltaic Brackets etc.

+86-18002570677

info@fixdex.com

www.fixdex.com

fixdex.chinafastener.com

Bolts

固耐安工业 (Goodfix Share)

Beijing Jinzhaobo High Strength Fastener Co., Ltd.

北京金兆博高强度紧固件有限公司

www.wzfengding.com / fengding.chinafastener.com

Beijing Jinzhaobo High Strength Fastener Co., Ltd, established in 2000, is an industrial company with large-scale production of highstrength fasteners in Beijing. The products are widely used in various types of steel industrial buildings.

Bolts

+86-15130012227

info@jzbolts.com

www.jzbolts.com

www.bjzhaobo.com

Anchors

High Strength Fastener

Jiangsu Xing Chang Jiang Group Co., Ltd.

江苏新长江实业集团有限公司

Our products are Cap screws & Hex bolts, Stocket bolts, Flange bolts,Carriage bolts, Guardrail bolt, Hexagon nuts, Nylon Lock nuts, Thread rods, Washers, Chipboard screws etc fasteners.

+86-510-86167954

yangxi@xcjgroup.com.cn www.xcjgroup.com / changjiang.chinafastener.com

Haiyan Hongrun Fastener Co., Ltd.

海盐宏润紧固件有限公司

Haiyan Hongrun Fastener Co., Ltd. is a professional manufacturer of hexagonal flange bolts(including anti slip flange bolts, wheel hub bolts, and seat belt bolts), specializing in the production of high-strength automatic distribution fasteners.

+86-13506664650

674245335@qq.com www.wz-hr.com / 98109.chinafastener.com

Haiyan Sichen Metal Products Co., Ltd.

海盐思辰金属制品有限公司

Our company, Haiyan Sichen Metal Products Co., Ltd. is a manufacturer specialized in high quality stamping parts, CNC machining parts, die casting parts and welding parts in China. 90% of our products are exported to America and Europe markets.

+86-13758371187

jason@cn-sichen.com

www.cn-sichen.com / 121414.chinafastener.com Other

Jiaxing Hogo Technology Co., Ltd.

嘉兴豪固科技有限公司

Hogo is an ISO 9001:2015 certified company. We never compromise on quality and services provided to you. Top management ensures all employees comply with the Quality Management System and Continuous Improvement System to be your reliable partner.

+86-18057307868

nick@cnhogotech.com www.cnhogotech.com / hogotech.chinafastener.com

Haiyan Jinggong Standard Parts Factory

海盐精工标准件厂

Haiyan Jinggong standard parts factory, which has 20 years history and an ISO9001 Professional Fastener Manufacturer of the Standard inch and Metric fasteners. The main productions are Hex Bolt, Carriage Bolt, Hex flange Bolt. All of the products are exported to market such as South/North American.

+86-13858261867

alexzhao@nbdingte.com

www.nbdingte.com / hyjgbzj.chinafastener.com

Bolts

Cixi Jingeng Fastener Co.,Ltd.

慈溪精耕紧固件有限公司

Cixi Jingeng Fastener Co.,Ltd. is located in Room 1208, Shinger Mansion, 1277 kaifa road, Gutang street, Cixi, Zhejiang, China. Being in the shore of the East China Sea and the South of Hangzhou Bay Sea-spanning Bridge, it is a private enterprise engaging in all kinds of fasteners--- expansion series fasteners, bolts, nuts and sorts of non-standard parts.

+86-13484243398

sales@chinaluosi.com

www.chinaluosi.com / jingeng.chinafastener.com

Anchors

Bolts

Bolts

Bolts

Haiyan Shangjia Hardware Co.,Ltd.

海盐上嘉五金有限公司

Our company was established in 2008 and mainly engages in non-standard bolts and screws. We have CNC lathes, precision automatic lathes, and various processes such as cold heading, thread rolling, tapping, cutting material, etc. There are also several sets of optical screening machines to control the quality of products.

+86-15888395797

sjzhz@hyshangjia.com www.sjujcn.com / 101532.chinafastener.com

Handan Jiurui Fasteners Co., Ltd.

邯郸市久瑞紧固件有限公司

Handan Jiurui Fastener Co.,Ltd. is a fastener manufacturer, located in handan city,hebei province, our factory is mainly producing hex nuts, hex bolts, flange nuts, flange bolts, wedge anchor and non-standard fastener.

+86-13080407111 / +86-13021868690

snowfasteners@foxmail.com jiurui.chinafastener.com

Ningbo Gangtong Zheli Fasteners Co., Ltd.

宁波港通浙力紧固件有限公司

Ningbo Gangtong Zheli Fasteners Co., Ltd is a manufacturer in China which mainly produces high strength standard fasteners. Our products consist of bolts & nuts assembled, threaded rod or studs, washers, which are made from both carbon steel and stainless steel. The company always carries forward the spirit of “Employee is footstone, customer first, technique expert, quality first”.

0574-86657588

sales4@gtzl-cn.com

www.gtzl-fasteners.com

nbzheli.chinafastener.com

Hex Bolts

Hex Nuts

Threaded Rods

Yuyao Biaoer Trading Co., Ltd.

Yuyao No.2 Standard Fastener Factory

EYE BOLT

GB798，JB/ZQ 4318, QC190/191,CNS 4490/4492，DIN444， PN 82425, GOST 3033, UNI 6058，AN165/170...

HINGE

SINCE 1973

+86-574-62003777 / +86-574-62003860 +86-15306621777 Mrs.lao/Mr.ruan ruanlifei@biaoer.com biaoer.chinafastener.com

Eyebolt/ Hinge

Haiyan Guangda Hardware Co., Ltd.

海盐光大标准件股份有限公司

The company established in 1992, covering an area of 11,100square meters, with 24 forging machines and 24 threading machines, mainly produce hex bolts, flange bolts, carriage bolts, square head bolts, and non-standard bolts as required, assured with ISO 9001 and CE certificate.

0573-86408016

Guangda05@hygdbzj.com

www.hygdbzj.com / guangda.chinafastener.com

Handan Xinzhufeng Hardware Products Co., Ltd.

邯郸新朱峰五金制品有限公司

Our main products are hex bolts,hex nuts,flat washers,spring washers and all other standard and non-standard fasteners.

+86-13111353435

admin@everestfasteners.com

www.everestfasteners.com / xinzhufeng.chinafastener.com

Bolts

Bolts

Bolts

Bolts

Jiaxing Chinafar Standard Parts Co., Ltd. 嘉兴市华远标准件股份有限公司

We are specialized in producing all kinds of Threaded Rods and Short Studs. Grade 4.8, 5.8, 8.8, 10.9, 12.9; A2-70, A2-80, A4-70, A4-80; ASTM A307, SAEJ429 Grade 2 & 5; ASTM A193 B7, B7M, B8, B8M, L7; Brass etc.

+86-15067318829

yanyan.pan@chinafar.cn

www.chinafar.cn / chinafar.chinafastener.com

Handan Daoning Fastenes Manufacturing Co.,Ltd. 邯郸市道宁紧固件制造有限公司

Our main products are bolts,screws,nuts,self tapping screws,studs,washers,pins,rigging part and many other hardware products, For finishing, we provide black oxide, zinc electroplating Cr+3, phosphate, hot dip galvanization, Dacromet and other kinds. The products are produced in conformity with DIN, ANSI, AS, BS, JIS, GB, ISO or nonstandard.

+86-18731035721

heiyup@hotmail.com

www.dao-ning.com / daoning.chinafastener.com

Jiaxing Qimu Trading Co.,Ltd. 嘉兴齐慕贸易有限公司

The company professionally engaged in fastener manufacture and trading.The company have ourself produce factory , electroplating factory and heating factory, Annual production capacity exceeds 20,000 tons.we are specialized in screw, thread rod, anchor, bolt and so on products.Conforming DIN,ANSI,ISO standards.

+86-573-82693306

sales@qiimu.com

www.qiimu.com / qimu.chinafastener.com

Bolts

Screws

Haiyan Secon Imp. & Exp. Ltd.

海盐欣承进出口有限公司

SECON FASTENER, was founded in 2008 and is located in Lianyungang Economic Development Zone. With a total investment of 3 million US dollars, Our factory covers an area of more than 50,000 square meters.

Main Products: Threaded Rod, Bolt, Nut, Screw, Washer, Anchor, Rigging.....

+86-15757315053

info@seconfastener.com www.secon-fastener.com secon.chinafastener.com

CHINFAST Co., Ltd.

嘉兴市锋捷贸易有限公司

Thread Rods & Studs

CHINFAST was established in 2005, with two whollyowned factories, JOYSTART and YOUSUN. Currently CHINFAST export around 8,000 containers annually. lt has actively expanded its business over the past five years from the main focus on manufacturing of multipurpose wood screws, timber screw and decking screws to the DIY fasteners packaging services. In the ever-changing global market, we hope to create a new milestone for sustainable business development.

+86 573 82119831

chinfast@chinfast.com

www.chinfast.com / chinfast.chinafastener.com

Screws

Hebei Chengzhi Fastener Manufacturing Co., Ltd.

河北诚制紧固件制造有限公司

HEBEI CHENGZHI FASTENER MANUFACTURING

CO.,LTD，located in Ximingyang Village, Industrial Zone, Yongnian District, Handan City, Hebei Province, China, is a professional fastener manufacturer dedicated to focus on fasteners' explore more than 10 years, which has advanced mechanical and inspection equipment and good after-sales service. Our company mainly produces bolts, nuts, wedge anchors, drilling screws and stainless steel products in ASTM, DIN, GB, ISO,JIS standard.

+86-15512775506

info@cz-fasteners.com

www.cz-fasteners.com / chengzhi.chinafastener.com

Screws

Thread Rods & Studs

Jiaxing Cavort Hardware Co., Ltd. 嘉兴卡沃德五金有限公司

Cavort Hardware Company dealing with fasteners more than 15 years . Our products is bolt, screw, nut, washer, Nylon and Metal Expansion Anchors,S helf Bracket , Steel Corner, hardware fittings to Furn iture, fittings etc.Monthly , We export more than 30 containers to Russia , Brazil , Mexico , Chile , Poland , Germany ...ect

Any fasteners inquiry is welcome to us . Thank you.

+86-573-82646333

exp.manager@nbcavort.com

www.nbcavort.com / cavortgroup.chinafastener.com

Screws

Jiaxing Hongcheng Fastener Co., Ltd. 嘉兴宏诚精工科技股份有限公司

We are a professional screw manufacturer, making fastener products of high quality at a competitive price.

Our products include self-drilling screws, drywall screws, self-tapping screws, roofing screws, sandwich panel screws, etc. Size: as per customer’s requirement. We can also make the customization according to your drawings or samples.

+86-13656733611

tony@hc-fastener.com

www.hc-fastener.com www.hcseiko.com hongcheng.chinafastener.com

Screws

Shanghai Kingpluse Industry Co., Ltd.

上海劲烁实业有限公司

KINGPLUSE, ISO9001:2008 certified, is a professional manufacturer and exporter of screws, bolts and nuts, as well as an exporter of a wide range of industrial and constructive fasteners. Main products are self-driling screws, roofing screws, hex head bolts, and customized products.

+86-21-57733852

bacon@kp-industry.com

www.kp-industry.com / kingpluse.chinafastener.com

Screws

Zhejiang Excellent Industries Co.,Ltd. 浙江天开实业有限公司

Zhejiang Excellent Industries Co., Ltd. focus on the Household fastener production and we supply the Fortune Global 500 retail supermarkets 27 years,We have world leading devices for screws,plastic products. Stamping products and blisters,as well as the Automatic packing machine and the packaging lines.

+86-18257387376

fangx@excellenthardware.com

www.excellenthardware.com excellenthardware.chinafastener.com

Dongguan AOYI Hardware Products Co., Ltd

东莞市奥亿五金制品有限公司

AOYI specializes in custom non-standard screws, bolts, rivets, special parts, CNC parts, etc. We are committed to providing customized fastening solutions with independent research and development, production, and sales. We possess comprehensive abilities in quick response, short delivery times, stable quality, and customized design solutions.

+86-769-8355 9961

sales01@dgaoyi.com

www.dgaoyi.com / jiacheng.chinafastener.com

Screws

Yuyao Hongfeng Metal Co., Ltd.

余姚宏丰五金有限公司

Yuyao Hongfeng Metal Co., Ltd. specializes in manufacturing various types of stainless steel fasteners such as self-drilling screw, machine screw self-tapping screw, chipboard screw and Deck Screw. We can process special parts as per customers’drawings and samples.

+86-574-62712703

hongfeng.2011@aliyun.com

hongfeng.chinafastener.com

Screws

Screws

Shanghai Welfast Enterprise Co., Ltd.

上海瑞固实业有限公司

We are specialized in producing and exportin g fasteners according to the standards of DIN, ANSI/ASME, ISO, BS, etc. Our products are mainly Hexagon nuts, Flange nuts, Couple r nuts, Nylon nuts, U-Bolts,and so on.

+86-21-62442081

sales@welfast.com

welfast.chinafastener.com

Nuts

Haiyan Jindu Hardware Co., Ltd.

海盐金都科技股份有限公司

The factory mainly produces carbon steel nuts,include hex nuts,flange nuts,heavy hex nuts,thin nuts,nylon nuts,four claws nuts,weld nuts,wheel nuts, etc.Standards involved ISO,DIN,ANSI/ASME,BS,UNI,JIS,AS and GB,etc. annual output is 10,000 tons.

+86-15957354289; +86-573-86975838 sales@jinduhardware.com www.jinduhardware.com / jindu.chinafastener.com

Nuts

Zhejiang Leader Fastener Co., Ltd.

浙江励德紧固件有限公司

Zhejiang Leader Fastener Co.,Ltd.is a professional fasteners manufacturer, distributor. Our main products include all kinds of nuts used in automobile industry, Deutch Industrial Norm (DIN), American Standard (ANSI), Britain Standard (BS) and Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS), etc. We could also produce non-standard items and special fasteners according to your requirements.

+86-13757356800

even@leader-fastener.com

109901.chinafastener.com

Zhejiang Ansheng Automobile Parts Co., Ltd.

浙江安盛汽车零部件有限公司

The company always works faithfully, professionally and people oriented to increase the quality of products constantly and create famous corporation. Products: DIN985 DIN982 ANSI BSF NYLON LOCK NUT, DIN1587 CAP NUT, DIN6923 etc.

+86-573-86857371

sales@zjansheng.com.cn

www.zjansheng.com.cn / Pioneer.chinafastener.com

Nuts

Zhejiang Hystron Auto Parts Co.,Ltd.

浙江洪扬汽车零部件有限公司

HYSTRON is a professional designer and manufacturer of Standard Nuts like DIN9 29,DIN928,DIN6923,DIN934,DIN985.Also make Customized Nuts.we have monthly 500tons capacity and advanced production equipment. Trust us,get mutual benefit.

+86-573-86170668

chenzhen@hystron.com

www.hystron.com / hystron.chinafastener.com

Jiaxing Zhaofeng Hardware Technology Co., Ltd.

嘉兴市兆丰五金科技股份有限公司

Our company specializes in producing and selling fasteners.We hold advanced cold forging technology and equipment.we can produce manifold fasteners with standard of DIN,ANSI,GB,ISO AND BS.We adopt good raw materials and establish integrated system of quality control to ensure the high quality of our products.

Nuts

Nuts

+86-18057367878

kellenhoo@hynut.com

www.hynut.com / zhaofeng.chinafastener.com

Nuts

Handan Fanglutong Fasteners Co., Ltd.

邯郸市方路通紧固件有限公司

Manufacturing hex nut, flange nut, lock nut, hex bolt, all kinds of fasteners, exporting low price and high quality ,fast delivery

+86-150 2795 6898

kitty@fanglutongfastener.com fanglutong.chinafastener.com

Nuts

Uni-Protech Fasteners (Suzhou) Co., Ltd.

苏州致韦贸易有限公司

UNI-PROTECH WAS FOUND IN 1992, AND ESTABLISHED CHINA BRANCH IN 2010. OUR PRODUCTS ARE USED IN THE FIELD SUCH AS AUTOMOTIVE, SOLAR PANNEL, EV, MINING, CONSTRUCTION, ETC. WE PROVIDE ONE-STOP SOLUTION FOR YOUR FASTENERS NEEDS.

OUR LAB IS ISO17025 CERTIFIED AND WHOLE GROUP IS ISO9001 CERTIFIED TO ENSURE OUR PRODUC QUALITY AND RELIABILITY.

+86-512-68361603

eli@mail.uni-protech.com.tw

www.uni-protech.com.tw / uni-protech.chinafastener.com

Zhongshan

中山市火富五金制品有限公司

Our company specializes in custom-made non-standard fasteners from drawings, with complete production equipment models and guaranteed product quality and delivery time.

+86-14739592886

huofuhardware@aliyun.com

117868.chinafastener.com

Nuts

Haiyan Huasheng Fasteners Co., Ltd.

海盐华胜紧固件有限公司

Haiyan Huasheng Fastener Co., Ltd. is located in Haiyan County, Zhejiang Province, China. We specialize in the production of lock nuts, with main products including nylon insert lock nuts, flange nylon lock nuts, metal lock nuts, etc. The specifications range from DIN M3 to M24 (ANSI / ASME 6# to 1"). Haiyan Huasheng Fastener Co., Ltd. has a number of advanced production and testing equipment, and strives for excellence in product quality. We are committed to providing highquality products at competitive prices.

+86-13706738017

sia@haiyanfasteners.com huasheng.chinafastener.com

Handan Yougu Fastener Co.,Ltd.

邯郸优固紧固件有限公司

We are specialized in producing and exporting fasteners according to the standard DIN,ANSI/ ASME, ISO, BS etc. Our main products are Drop in anchor, anchor bolt, U bolt, hex nut, hex bolt, wedge anchor, 3pcs/4pcs Shield Anchor, Thread rod and so on.

Nuts

+86-15383102567

ave@hashardware.com www.hashardware.com / yougu.chinafastener.com

Nuts

Haiyan Linhui Standard Parts Co., Ltd.

海盐林辉标准件有限公司

Linhui is one of the professional Chipboard Screw, Drywall Screw, Wood Screw Self tapping Screw manufacturer. Superior quality, on time delivery, and nice package are the foundation of the company.

+86-13706835768

+86-0573 86851578

sales03@linhui-standard.com

www.linhui-standard.com

linhui.chinafastener.com

Tapping/Wood Screws

Nuts

huofu hardware Co.,Ltd.

Jiaxing Sunrise Import & Export Co.,Ltd. 嘉兴华昕贸易有限公司

“It takes months to earn a customer and seconds to lose one...”

Sunrise is one such company that understands this. Therefore, we offer high-quality products while ensuring customer satisfaction and longterm customer relationships.

+86-573- 84893440 admin@hxsunrise.com sunrisefastener.chinafastener.com

Cargin Fasteners Co.,Ltd. 嘉紧紧固件有限公司

Cargin Fastener Company is a manufacture of circlips,washers,rings based on many standards.With advanced machines and more than 20 year's experience, we provide our customers high-quality product,DIY package,reasonable price,on-time delivery and good service.Having customers from all around the world, we are here to wait for you.

+86-13906641106

asher@cargin.cn

www.cargin.cn / 107091.chinafastener.com

Non-Standard Fastener

Retaining Rings

SRC Metal (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.

恒昭金属制品（上海）有限公司

Established in 1983, SRC specializes in BLIND RIVETS, BLIND RIVET NUTS, & RIVETING TOOLS manufacturing. With two ISO 9001 certified facilities in mainland China, we can manufacture 6 billion blind rivets that meet DIN 7337, IFI and ISO standards annually – production power that most competitors simply can’t match. We also produce up to 2 million highquality riveters annually, leaving no doubt that we can cover your largest, most demanding orders. For more details, visit our website today.

+86-21-57745555

srcmetal@srcrivet.com

www.srcrivet.com

srcrivet.chinafastener.com

Rivets & Self-clinching

Jiangxi Kaixu Automobile Fitting Co., Ltd.

江西凯旭汽车部件有限公司

Jiangxi Kaixu Automobile Fitting Co., Ltd. Founded in 2017(Original Ruian Kaili auto parts factory which was founded in 1999). We specialize in circlips, snap rings, washers, disc springs, parallel keys, spring pins and so on. Standard and non-standard parts.

+86-794-7710888 info@cnkaixu.com www.cnkaixu.com kaixu.chinafastener.com

Circlips Washers Rings Pins keys

Shanghai Fast-Fix Rivet Corp.

上海飞可斯铆钉有限公司

Shanghai Fast-Fix Rivet Corp. is a Chinese leader in Blind riveting systems. We have two rivet factories We are ISO9001 and IATF196949 certified, with 80% products exported to worldwide. We offer a comprehensive line of blind rivet, including open type blind rivets, closed-end rivet, multi-grip rivet, tri-fold rivet, peel type, grooved, and high strength structural rivets.

+86-21-58912860

sales@rivet-china.com

www.rivet-china.com fastfixrivet.chinafastener.com

Rivets & Self-clinching

Foshan City Guangqingchang Metal Plastic Co., Ltd.

佛山市广庆昌金属塑料有限公司

We are a manufacturer of blind rivets in Foshan City, China, with a staff of over 100 employees, and the covered factory area has exceeded 10,000 m2. We have more than 30 years' experience in fastener industry, and had passed ISO 9001 and IATF 16949 certification.

+86-757-8661 0511

sales@qingchang.com.cn，jiaqi.guo@qingchang.com.cn

www.qingchangrivet.com / guangqingchang.chinafastener.com

Rivets

KD Metals (Jingjiang) Co., Ltd.

靖江市凯狄五金机械制造有限公司

KD is a manufacturer and has specialized in producing blind rivets for more than 20 years. Now KD can provide blind rivets in various types and materials according to ISO, DIN, and IFI standards, and can also customize according to customers' drawings.

+86-18061020391

kaidi@kdrivet.com

www.kdrivet.com / kdrivet.chinafastener.com

Rivets

Dongguan Raisesun Precision Hardware Co., Ltd.

东莞市瑞顺精密五金制品有限公司

Raise Sun is a Professional sheet metal fastener manufacturer, more than 10 years experience of developing and producing sheet metal fastener by forging technic. Focus on self-clinching and welding fastener, building full range stock for selfclinching nut , standoff , studs, pilot...etc series. ISO 9001 QMS certificated company and now pushing ISO/TS16949 to better quality requirements. Optical and visial sorting process to double guarantee product consistently. If you are looking for good quanlity and short lead time supplier of sheet metal fastener, we are the best choice for you.

Tel/Wechat：

+86-13712637183

Raisesunmetalqin@163.com

raisesun.chinafastener.com

OK Tech Co., Ltd.

欧开科技（嘉兴）有限公司

OK TECH CO.,LTD located in Haiyan Zhejiang province, established in 2019. Our company is professional manufacturer for hand tools,furniture fittings,auto parts,allen keys, screws, nuts, shelf support, special parts, bolts. Furniture screws, furniture nuts and connecting fittings, confirmat screws, connector bolts, hex bolts, hex socket furniture screws, hex socket machine screws… etc.

+86-15967385717

OK@OKTECH.CC

www.oktech.cc / oktech.chinafastener.com

Self-clinching nut

Standoff and studs

Zhongshan City Chehan Hardware Products Co.,Ltd.

中山澄翰五金制品有限公司

Furniture fittings

Zhongshan city chehan hardware products co., ltd. Was established in 2002, the factory is located in No. 10-3, Baofeng East Road, Xiaolan Town, zhongshan city, guangdong province. Specializing in the production of various rivets and fasteners, from Taiwan imports more than 40 rivets and screws heading mechanical equipment, the monthly production capacity of 200 tons.We have 20 years of strong professional development technology, advanced imported production equipment and precision testing instruments, dedicated to provide customers with quality products and excellent services.Our products are exported to Asia, Africa, Europe, Oceania and North America.Welcome to contact and cooperate with us.

+86-760-22284520

james@chfastener.com

Rivets & Self-clinching fastener & Stinless steel fastener

chfastener.chinafastener.com www.chfastener.com We chat/Whats app/Telegram:+86-13809682476

Dongguan Grand Metal Precision Tech Industrial Limited

东莞市昕艺精密五金有限公司

Grand Metal produces self-clinch nuts, standoff, studs equivalent to PEM standard, rivet nuts, weld studs, cage nuts, brass inserts and customized parts for CNC and cold forging, 200 millions stock, 5000+ items, PPAP and IMDS for automotive industry, IATF 16949 certificated . Most quotation can be obtained within 24-48 hours, with samples usually available within one week.

+86-13929204841

zhuyb@grandametal.com

www.grandametal.com

grandametal.chinafastener.com

Self-clinching nuts/screws

Shanghai Juhong Industrial Co., Ltd.

上海巨鸿实业有限公司

Shanghai Juhong is a company specializing in the production of hardware tools. The main products are screwdriver bits, drill bits, socket bits, hex key,and relative tool sets.

+86-13321985721

shanghaijuhong@163.com

juhong.chinafastener.com Tools

Jiaxing Chengyue International Trade Co., Ltd.

嘉兴诚跃国际贸易有限公司

Jiaxing Chengyue International Trade Co., Ltd. is an integrated enterprise of industry and trade from China. At present, the factory produces and sells plastic packaging materials. Factory uses recyclable plastics to produce sealingtapes, high-toughness PET plastic steel belts, PP packing belts for hot-melt machines, and fully transparent stretch wrapping films. These plastics are often used when customers' products need to be packaged and boxed.

+86-15757311052

1026372810@qq.com

www.chengyuetrade.com

105709.chinafastener.com

Plastic Packaging Materials

Kunshan Shengshirenhe Automation Techology Co., Ltd.

昆山市盛世人和自动化科技有限公司

Our company is a professional national hightech enterprise that integrates R&D, production, and sales of CCD Optical AI Automatic Inspection Equipment. Our products are primarily used to inspect dimensions and appearance defects in a range of precision parts, including screws, bolts, nuts, precision turned parts, precision stamping parts, precision injection molded parts, etc. We sincerely invite cooperative agents from various regions around the world to join us.

+86-18913215000/18913215029

18913215000@126.com

WWW.KSSSRH.COM

Equipment

INDEX OF ADVERTISERS

广告索引

Bolts

Ningbo ABC Fasteners Co., Ltd. 宁波联欣标准件有限公司

Jiaxing Haina Fastener Co., Ltd. 嘉兴海纳紧固件有限公司

GOODFIX INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.

FIXDEX FASTENING TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. 固耐安工业

Jiaxing Xingxin Trade Co., Ltd. 嘉兴兴欣贸易有限公司

Wenzhou Fengding Fastener Manufacturing Co.,Ltd. 温州市丰鼎紧固件制造有限公司

Beijing Jinzhaobo High Strength Fastener Co., Ltd. 北京金兆博高强度紧固件有限公司

Jiangsu Xing Chang Jiang Group Co., Ltd. 江苏新长江实业集团有限公司

Jiaxing Hogo Technology Co., Ltd. 嘉兴豪固科技有限公司

Haiyan Hongrun Fasteners Co., Ltd. 海盐宏润紧固件有限公司

Haiyan Jinggong Standard Parts Factory 海盐精工标准件厂

Haiyan Sichen Metal Products Co., Ltd. 海盐思辰金属制品有限公司

Haiyan Shangjia Hardware Co., Ltd. 海盐上嘉五金有限公司

Yuyao No.2 Standard Fastener Factory 余姚市高中压标准件二厂

Handan Jiurui Fastener Co., Ltd. 邯郸市久瑞紧固件有限公司

Studs

Jiaxing Chinafar Standard Parts Co., Ltd. 嘉兴市华远标准件股份有限公司

Haiyan Secon Imp. & Exp. Ltd. 海盐欣承进出口有限公司

Screws

CHINFAST Co., Ltd. 嘉兴市锋捷贸易有限公司

Jiaxing Qimu Trading Co.,Ltd. 嘉兴齐慕贸易有限公司

Hebei Chengzhi Fastener Manufacturing Co.,Ltd. 河北诚制紧固件制造有限公司

JJiaxing Cavort Hardware Co., Ltd. 嘉兴卡沃德五金有限公司

Zhejiang Excellent Industries Co.,Ltd. 浙江天开实业有限公司

Jiaxing Hongcheng Fastener Co., Ltd. 嘉兴宏诚精工科技股份有限公司

Ad Please contact +86-20-82270680

广告刊登请联系editor@chinafastener.com

Dongguan City Aoyi Hardware Products Co., Ltd. 东莞市奥亿五金制品有限公司

Nuts

Shanghai Welfast Enterprise Co., Ltd. 上海瑞固实业有限公司

Zhejiang Ansheng Automobile Parts Co., Ltd. 浙江安盛汽车零部件有限公司

Haiyan Jindu Hardware Co., Ltd. 海盐金都科技股份有限公司

Zhejiang Hystron Auto Parts Co.,Ltd. 浙江洪扬汽车零部件有限公司

Zhejiang Leader Fastener Co., Ltd. 浙江励德紧固件有限公司

Jiaxing Zhaofeng Hardware Technology Co., Ltd. 嘉兴市兆丰五金科技股份有限公司

Handan Fanglutong Fasteners Co., Ltd. 邯郸市方路通紧固件有限公司

Haiyan Huasheng Fasteners Co., Ltd. 海盐华胜紧固件有限公司

Tapping/Wood Screws

Haiyan Linhui Standard Parts Co, Ltd. 海盐林辉标准件有限公司

Washers

Jiangxi Kaixu Automobile Fitting Co., Ltd. 江西凯旭汽车部件有限公司

Rings

Cargin Fasteners Co.,Ltd. 温州华泰紧固件有限公司（温州嘉紧）

Rivets

Shanghai Fast-Fix Rivet Corp. 上海飞可斯铆钉有限公司

SRC Metal (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. 恒昭金属制品（上海）有限公司

Foshan City Guangqingchang Metal Plastic Co., Ltd. 佛山市广庆昌金属塑料有限公司

KD Metals (Jingjiang) Co.,Ltd. 靖江市凯狄五金机械制造有限公司

Tools and Other Fasteners

OK Tech Co., Ltd. 欧开科技（嘉兴）有限公司

Equipment

Kunshan Shengshirenhe Automation Techology Co., Ltd. 昆山市盛世人和自动化科技有限公司 Chairman Yang

广告索引