Grammar Magazine

UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE BAJA CALIFORNIA FACULTAD DE CONTADURÍA Y ADMINISTRACIÓN

GRAMMAR RULES

ENGLISH

MAGAZINE

Unlocking the Power of Grammar Rules Cortes Fregoso Karla Stephanie Professor: Claudia Pineda

The Significance of Grammar Rules Grammar, the set of rules governing language structure, plays a pivotal role in effective communication.

It forms the foundation for clarity and precision in both written and spoken language.

Understanding and applying these rules is essential for expressing thoughts and ideas accurately. In this exploration of grammar, we will uncover the fundamental principles that enhance our ability to communicate confidently and coherently.

Embracing grammar's importance is the key to more effective expression and connection with others.

INDEX 1

NOUNS

2

ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY

3

1

PRESENT SIMPLE

4

PAST SIMPLE

5

CONCLUSION

NOUNS

A noun is a word that names something, such as a person, place, thing, or idea. In a sentence, nouns can play the role of subject, direct object, indirect object, subject complement, object complement, appositive, or modifier.

Some noun examples include: VICTORIA

CAT

BICYCLE

Nouns are everywhere in our writing. But what are all the types of nouns you come across, and how do you use them?

NOUNS FORM A LARGE PROPORTION OF ENGLISH VOCABULARY, AND THEY COME IN A WIDE VARIETY OF TYPES.

TYPES OF NOUNS

Nouns can name a person

Proper nouns vs. common nouns

A proper noun is a specific name of a person, place, or thing and is always capitalized.

The opposite of a proper noun is a common noun, sometimes known as a generic noun. A common noun is the generic name of an item in a class or group and is not capitalized unless appearing at the beginning of a sentence or in a title.

Nouns can name a place Nouns can name things: Things might include intangible things, such as concepts, activities, or processes.

Countable nouns vs. uncountable nouns Concrete and abstract common nouns can be further classified as either countable or uncountable.

Countable nouns Are nouns that can be counted, even if the resulting number would be extraordinarily high (like the number of humans in the world). Countable nouns can be singular or plural .

Uncountable nouns Are nouns that are impossible to count, whether because they name intangible concepts (e.g., information, animal husbandry, wealth), collections of things that are considered as wholes (e.g., jewelry, equipment, the working class), or homogeneous physical substances (e.g., milk, sand, air).

COUNTABLE NOUNS CAN BE USED IN THE SINGULAR OR PLURAL FORM.

UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS CAN ONLY BE USED IN THE SINGULAR FORM.

COUNTABLE NOUNS CAN BE USED WITH QUANTIFIERS, SUCH AS "MANY," "FEW," "SOME," AND "ALL."

UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS CAN BE USED WITH QUANTIFIERS, SUCH AS "MUCH," "LITTLE," "SOME," AND "ALL."

SOME NOUNS CAN BE COUNTABLE IN SOME CONTEXTS AND UNCOUNTABLE IN OTHERS.

AN

NO

FOR EXAMPLE, "MONEY" CAN BE COUNTABLE ("I HAVE TEN DOLLARS") OR UNCOUNTABLE ("I NEED SOME MONEY").

UNS

RUL ES

T N A O B C L E F O

DU

B A NCONT

E L

PROPER NOUN

COMMON NOUN

People: Mary, John, Barack Obama, Beyoncé, Frida Kahlo Places: London, Paris, Tokyo, Mount Everest, the Amazon rainforest Organizations: United Nations, Microsoft, Google, Red Cross, Greenpeace Brands: Coca-Cola, Nike, Apple, McDonald's, Gucci

People: teacher, doctor, student, friend, family member Places: city, country, school, hospital, park Things: book, car, house, computer, phone Animals: dog, cat, bird, fish, insect Food: bread, milk, meat, rice, pasta

EXAMPLES

CONTABLE NOUN

1

book dog house city person table car tree apple dollar hour week year problem answer

UNCONTABLE NOUN water air love happiness beauty knowledge information advice furniture luggage equipment homework money research traffic

EXERCISE

ADVERBS OF

FREQUENCY We use some adverbs to describe how frequently we do an activity.

The position of an adverb of frequency can affect the emphasis of the sentence.

For example, if we place the adverb of frequency at the beginning of the sentence, it emphasizes the frequency of the action.

Adverbs of frequency are words that modify verbs in a sentence to indicate how often an action occurs.

Adverbs of frequency are an important part of English grammar. They can be used to add more information to a sentence and to make our writing and speaking more precise.

ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY Adverbs of Definite Frequency

These are also known as Adverbs of INDEFINITE frequency as the exact frequency is not defined.

We can also use the following expressions when we want to be more specific about the frequency: every day once a month twice a year four times a day every other week daily monthly

These are also known as Adverbs of DEFINITE frequency as the exact frequency is specified.

The Position of the Adverb in a Sentence An adverb of frequency goes before a main verb (except with To Be).

An adverb of frequency goes after the verb To Be.

Subject + adverb + main verb

Subject + to be + adverb

I always remember to do my homework.

He normally gets good marks in exams.

When we use an auxiliary verb (have, will, must, might, could, would, can, etc.), the adverb is placed between the auxiliary and the main verb.

Subject + auxiliary + adverb + main verb She can sometimes beat me in a race.

They might never see each other again.

They could occasionally be heard laughing.

They are never pleased to see me.

She isn't usually bad tempered.

We use hardly ever and never with positive, not negative verbs: She hardly ever comes to my parties.

They never say 'thank you'.

We use ever in questions and negative statements: Have you ever been to New Zealand?

I haven't ever been to Switzerland. (The same as 'I have never been Switzerland').

EXAMPLES I always go to the gym on Mondays.

I usually eat breakfast at home.

I sometimes go to the movies on the weekend.

I rarely drink coffee.

I never go to bed late.

Frequency adverbs with specific frequency: I go to the gym twice a day.

I eat breakfast at 7am every day.

I go to the movies on Saturday.

I drink coffee once a week.

I go to bed at 10pm every night.

FREQUENCY ADVERBS CAN BE USED IN A VARIETY OF CONTEXTS, INCLUDING DESCRIBING HABITS, ROUTINES, PREFERENCES, AND EVENTS.

EXERCISE

S E E R P SIMPLENT The present simple tense is a verb tense that is used to talk about habitual actions, general truths, and fixed arrangements.

T

he simple present is a verb tense with two main uses. We use the simple present tense when an action is happening right now, or when it happens regularly (or unceasingly, which is why it’s sometimes called present indefinite). Depending on the person, the simple present tense is formed by using the root form or by adding s or es to the end.

How to form the simple present In the simple present, most regular verbs use the root form, except in the third-person singular (which ends in s).

First-person singular: I write.

Second-person singular: You write.

Third-person singular: He/she/it writes.

(Note the s.)

For a few verbs, the third-person singular ends with es instead of s. Typically, these are verbs whose root form ends in o, ch, sh, th, ss, gh, or z.

First-person singular: I go.

Second-person singular: You go.

Third-person singular: He/she/it goes.

(Note the es.)

Simple Present Tense: How to Use It, With Examples How to make the simple present negative The formula is do/does + not + [root form of verb]. You can also use the contraction don’t or doesn’t instead of do not or does not.

Pauline does not want to share the pie.

She doesn’t think there is enough to go around.

Her friends do not agree.

How to ask a question The formula for asking a question in the simple present is do/does + [subject] + [root form of verb].

Do you know how to bake a pie?

How much does Pauline love pie?

EXAMPLES For habits He drinks tea at breakfast.

She only eats fish.

They watch television regularly.

THIRD PERSON SINGULAR He goes to school every morning.

She understands English.

It mixes the sand and the water.

He tries very hard.

She enjoys playing the piano.

For general truths For repeated actions or events We catch the bus every morning.

It rains every afternoon in the hot season.

They drive to Monaco every summer.

Water freezes at zero degrees.

The Earth revolves around the Sun. Her mother is Peruvian.

COMMON VERBS IN THE SIMPLE PRESENT

EXERCISE

PAST SIMPLE The past simple is the most common way of talking about past events or states which have finished. It is often used with past time references (e.g. yesterday, two years ago).

T

he simple past tense, in English, is used to represent an action/event that took place in the past. With many verbs, the simple past tense is formed by adding an ‘ed’ or a ‘d’ to the end of the base verb. However, there are other verbs which behave differently and take different spellings when used in the simple past form.

What Do You Use the Simple Past Tense For? The simple past tense can be used to, Refer to an action or event that happened in the past Speak about something that was true for some time in the past Explain something that happened more than once in the past

Rules and Points to Remember When Using the Simple Past Tense

When conjugating a verb in the simple past tense, there are a few points you have to bear in mind.

Conjugating regular verbs – In order to present the main verb in the sentence, you just have to add ‘ed’ to the end of the regular verb and ‘-d’ to the end of a regular verb which ends with an ‘e’.

For example: Reach – reached, kick – kicked, walk – walked, confess – confessed, work – worked

11

Verbs that remain the same – Some verbs take the same spelling as the base verb and remain the same in the past tense.

For example: Cut – cut, put – put, hurt – hurt, set – set, hit – hit

Verbs that take different spelling patterns – Irregular verbs are seen to follow different spelling patterns and there is no rule as such to explain why they are so.

For example: Buy – bought, think – thought, draw – drew, drink – drank, see – saw

T C U U R R E T S

EXAMPLES To help you understand how the simple past tense can be used, here are a few examples.

Referring to an action that took place several times in the past I worked as an academic counsellor for six months.

We enjoyed playing Pictionary every time we met.

My father dropped me at school every day till I entered high school.

Referring to an action that was true for some time in the past Karthik played tennis when he was in school.

Miss Holly worked as a guest lecturer at our college.

Santana used to love reading fantasy novels when she was younger.

Referring to an action that happened in the past We went to the park yesterday evening.

I totally forgot about the meeting.

Manu opened the door for the guests.

You always use the simple past when you say when something happened, so it is associated with certain past time expressions Frequency: often, sometimes, always I sometimes walked home at lunchtime.

I often brought my lunch to school.

An indefinite point in time: the other day, ages ago, a long time ago People lived in caves a long time ago.

She played the piano when she was a child.

A definite point in time: last week, when I was a child, yesterday, six weeks ago We saw a good film last week.

Yesterday, I arrived in Geneva.

She finished her work atseven o'clock I went to the theatre last night

EXERCISE

RE

BS

R R E I GUL D N A A RV R A L E R U G

To use the Simple Present and Simple Past, it is necessary to use verbs. In the English language, there are two types of verbs: Regular verbs and irregular verbs. Their use is essential because they indicate the action that the subject will perform.

The following is a list of verbs.

Link for more verbs file:///C:/Users/Fanny%20Cor tez/Downloads/VERBS.pdf

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the understanding of countable and uncountable nouns is crucial in English. Countable nouns can be quantified with numbers, while uncountable nouns represent more abstract concepts. Knowing the distinction is essential for correct article usage and determining when to use "many" or "much."

Adverbs of frequency help us express how often an action occurs. They're like the puzzle pieces that fit perfectly into sentences, providing clarity to our ideas. Using words like "always," "usually," or "never" can make our conversations more precise and natural.

The Simple Present and Simple Past tenses are fundamental. Simple Present helps us discuss daily routines, general facts, and habitual actions.

Simple Past takes us back in time to describe specific events. Irregular verbs add complexity, but they're a vital part of storytelling.

In my journey to improve my English, I've come to appreciate these topics as building blocks for effective communication. By mastering countable and uncountable nouns, adverbs of frequency, Simple Present, and Simple Past, I'm taking significant steps toward fluency and confident expression.

These skills are the foundation for better English communication, and I look forward to continuing my language learning journey.