Reclaim! Remain! Rebuild!

Reclaim!

Remain!

Rebuild!

Center for the Study of Political Graphics

Posters on Housing, Posters onAffordable Affordable Housing, Gentrification & Resistance

Gentrification & Resistance

www.politicalgraphics.org

Reclaim! Remain! Rebuild!

Posters on Affordable Housing, Gentrification & Resistance

was funded by The California Endowment, California Arts Council, City of Los Angeles, Department of Cultural Affairs, with additional support from the Esperanza Community housing Corporation, The Getty Foundation, and the Los Angeles County Arts Commission.

TABLE OF CONTENTS I. The Fight For Our Homes & Communities II. Racism & Housing III. Gentrification IV. Displacement V. Housing & Health VI. Homelessness VII. Housing For People Not For Profit VIII. Organizing Resistance IX. Building Community

Reclaim! Remain! Rebuild!

Posters on Affordable Housing, Gentrification & Resistance

When housing is viewed as a profit making commodity, instead of a foundation for communities, neighborhoods become battlegrounds. As more real estate is claimed for alternative commercial uses, neighborhoods are demolished and affordable housing becomes scarcer and more expensive.

Whether it is to tear down homes for luxury housing, cultural centers, business districts, sports stadiums, university expansions, or freeways, one thing remains clear—gentrification destroys existing communities.

Gentrification targets low income and vulnerable communities, driving up rents and housing costs for existing residents. Lower income residents are uprooted and replaced by people who can afford higher costs. As the income gap widens, existing rent con-

trol legislation is unable to reconcile the gap between real wages and housing affordability.

Renters worry whether they can ever buy homes of their own—or keep their rentals through retirement. For a growing number of people, a missed paycheck, a health crisis, or an unpaid rent bill can easily push them onto the street. The homeless suffer chronic health problems, lowered mortality, and are at increased risk of victimization from crime.

In Los Angeles, gentrification is accelerating from the beach to the Eastside. Los Angeles also suffers an “end of the rainbow” syndrome, and is regarded as the homeless capital of the United States. Our inviting climate and spacious geography constantly draw seekers, including the very wealthy and the marginalized. Our civic policies, however,

facilitate developments for the rich, and often leave the poor with no place to call home.

Reclaim! Remain! Rebuild! Illustrates how gentrification and the lack of affordable housing are creating life-threatening conditions throughout the world—and posters are key for organizing resistance. They announce demonstrations, oppose demolitions, protest restrictive covenants, recruit for tenants unions, and support squatters’ rights to move into abandoned buildings. Powerful graphics document victories and ongoing confrontations. And whether the residents win or lose, they become empowered in the process of fighting for the stability of their communities—and the posters record their struggle and their empowerment.

As the corporate press rarely describes events from the protester’s perspective, posters are also critical historical documents for recording community resistance. They show that victory does not happen overnight—it can take years, even decades—but it is possible to fight city hall, speculators and developers and win. These posters show that policy choices have increased gentrification and homelessness, and policy reforms can reverse this disturbing trend.

These graphics document a crisis that is local, national, and international. They connect to the community’s imagination of what is possible, affirm that housing is a human right, and inspire people to action.

Center for the Study of Political Graphics www.politicalgraphics.org

I.THE FIGHT FOR OUR HOMES & COMMUNITIES

1 H ousing For The People Design Action Collective, Just Cause People’s Poster Project Offset, 2010 Berkeley, CA 2 W hy Are Apartments Expensive?

Seth Tobocman; Chuck Sperry; Frank Morales Black Cat Graphics Silkscreen , 1986 Brooklyn, NY *poster text is in italics

I.THE FIGHT FOR OUR HOMES & COMMUNITIES

1968-- Inner City Riots A Commission Was SetUp To Study The Riots. Consisting Of Representatives of The Military, Business And Government. They Did Not Believe That Poverty Caused The Riots They Blames The Riots On The People. Crowded Together In The Inner City Poor People Could Communicate And Organize And Create Resistance Thier [Their] Solution Was To Break Up This Mass Of People And Push Them Out Of The City. Already Bad Areas Would Be Allowed To Get Worse. Cops Would Turn A Blind Eye To Drugs & Arson Then People Would Be Offered Bribes To Leave. The Area Would Be Renovated For “Better” Class Of People. Rents Would Soar. People Would Have To Sleep On The Street While “Warehoused” Apartments Were Empty. This Plan Has Already Resulted In A Wave Of Homelessness What Are People Going To Do About It? City Owned Keep Out. RECLAIM! REMAIN! REBUILD!

3 White

Flight/White Blight THINK AGAIN Offset, 1999 Boston, MA White Blight Bulldoze The Projects, Buy A Loft, Drink A Starbucks, Revoke Welfare, Evict A Working Family, Shop The Gap, Step Over The Homeless, Displace Queers, Get A Retriever, Hire A Mexican Maid, Persecute Immigrants, Tune The Volvo, Demolish Affirmative Action, Take-out Nouveau Chinese, Hire More Police, Glorify Gentrification & Call It Community Revitalization. Economic Boom For Whom? THINK AGAIN

I.THE FIGHT FOR OUR HOMES & COMMUNITIES

4 J oin the National Rural Housing Coalition National Rural Housing Coalition Photo: George Ballis Offset, Circa 1970 Washington, D.C.

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5 D estruction Leichhardt Anti-Expressway Committee Silkscreen, early 1970s Sydney, Australia

I.THE FIGHT FOR OUR HOMES & COMMUNITIES

The large red “X” refers to houses marked for demolition in the Glebe Estates, a suburb of Sydney, Australia. The devil refers to the Anglican Church, owner of the property since the late 18th century, when Sydney was founded as a penal colony. The Glebe Estates includes the historic waterfront area known as “The Rocks,” where the prisoners first landed.

The area had become a low-income working class neighborhood, and the Anglican Church decided to sell it. Part of the property was to be used for an expressway that would have obliterated 25,000 homes through Glebe and nearby communities including Leichhardt.

Expensive homes and shops were planned for

“The Rocks” area. The Leichhardt Anti-Expressway Committee, including politicians and grass roots community members, formed to oppose the sale. They were so successful educating residents and organizing demonstrations, that the church was embarrassed and stopped the sale. The expressway was never built.

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II.RACISM & HOUSING

Restrictive Covenants Restrictive Covenants were used to prevent integration of “white” neighborhoods by restricting the sale or rentals of homes or apartments on the basis of race, ethnicity, religion or social class. They were common in the U.S. from the 1890s through the 1940s. Although declared unconstitutional in 1948, their used continued until Congress passed the Fair Housing Act of 1968. Exclusionary covenants continue to exist in many original property deeds, although they are unenforceable. Although primarily targeting African Americans, many others were discriminated against by restrictive covenants, including Mexican Americans, Native Americans, Asians, Jews, and Catholics.

II. RACISM & HOUSING

6A W hy is Everyone talking Eagle Rock ?

Ad promoting “Whites Only” Eagle Rock, Offset, May 26, 1925 (p.9), LA Times

6B S ave Your Home! Vote for Segregation!

United Welfare Association postcard, Allied Printing, Offset, 1915, St. Louis, MO Image courtesy of the Missouri History Museum, St. Louis, MO

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6C Keep

Glendale the White Spot of California Front of Brochure promoting segregation in Glendale Offset, no date Image courtesy of Lanterman Historical Museum Foundation

II. RACISM & HOUSING

Organizing Against Racial Covenants 6D Wyvernwood Won’t Select You If you are a Negro! If you are a Mexican! If you are a Jew! mimeo, Circa 1939 Los Angeles, CA Image courtesy of Oviatt library, CSU Northridge Communist Party Flyer organizing against “Whites Only” housing restrictions in the Wyvernwood Garden Apartments.

Located in Boyle Heights, it was the first large-scale garden apartment complex built in Los Angeles.

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7 C ome Enjoy the Mission Cleaner Brighter Whiter San Francisco Print Collective Silkscreen, 2000 San Francisco, CA Advertisements often promise that their products will bring sparkle and happiness to people’s smiles, clothing, dishes, and lives. Using the visual language of 1950s advertising, this poster draws attention to the gentrification of San Francisco’s Mission District, a vibrant, working class Latino neighborhood. As evictions soared, luxury condominiums and expensive cafes replaced rent-controlled apartments and family owned businesses, and, as the poster satirically states, the neighborhood became increasingly whiter.

II. RACISM & HOUSING

8 K atrina Was a Problem HUD Is a Disaster John Fitzgerald Letterpress, Circa 2006 New Orleans, LA Hurricane Katrina (2005) ranks among the worst natural disasters of the 21st century. It demolished hundreds of miles of coastline along Louisiana, Alabama and Mississippi, displaced more than one million people, and caused an estimated $81 billion in property damage. Nearly 2,000 people died and tens of thousands were stranded for days. The slow and inadequate response to the crisis was caused both by the ineptitude of the Bush administration and by racism. Even the corporate press coverage expressed racist bias—whites taking food from stores were described as “survivors,” while African Americans doing the same thing were

described as “looters” and “criminals.”

Some were shot for trying to survive.

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9 F orced Out Artist unknown Silkscreen, Circa 2005 San Francisco, CA Comparing the forced relocation of two communities: African Americans in New Orleans and Palestinians in Israel and the Occupied Territories.

New Orleans was a majority black city, yet in a transparent attempt to force the African Americans to move out, it received fewer resources and less aid following the devastation of Hurricane Katrina. For example, FEMA provided trailers to 63% of the residents of St. Bernard Parish, a predominantly white area leveled by the flood, but only to 13% of the predominantly Black Lower Ninth Ward.

II. RACISM & HOUSING

Between 1967 and 2015, Israel demolished nearly 50,000 Palestinian homes in Jerusalem, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.

Additional homes have been destroyed in Palestinian villages within Israel (see poster #28). According to a report by Amnesty International in 1999, house demolitions are usually done without prior warning and the home’s inhabitants are given little time to evacuate. Some housing demolitions were intended to punish the families of Palestinians opposing the occupation and their displacement; others were demolished to provide land to build state subsidized housing for Israelis and Jewish immigrants.

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10 What

Will Happen to Black West Oakland?

Gentrification = Predatory Development Favianna Rodriguez Causa Justa::Just Cause Offset, Circa 2007 Oakland, CA

II. RACISM & HOUSING

What will happen to Black West Oakland?

Since 2000, 25% of Oakland’s Black Population has been forced to leave! Most of our families came in to West Oakland on the train, but now we’re being rail-roaded out!

Gentrification = Predatory Development

“We were forced to flee the South because of hatred and lack of opportunity and now we’re being forced to leave Oakland because of Jerry Brown-style predatory development.”

-Carrie Owens West Oakland for the people.

Do developers have to get rich for Oakland to develop? Do black people have to leave for Oakland to develop? We say hell no! Just Cause and the community are saying yes to opportunity and community control and no to predatory development.

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11 H ouse Keys Not Handcuffs San Francisco Print Collective, Western Regional Advocacy Project (WRAP) Offset, Circa 2010 San Francisco, CA House Keys Not Handcuffs is the main slogan for the Homeless Bill of Rights Campaign, a grassroots organizing campaign fighting to end the criminalization of poor and homeless people’s existence. It was developed by the Western Regional Advocacy Project (WRAP), a coalition of organizations fighting homelessness on the West Coast.

The Homeless Bill of Rights strives to ensure that all people have the basic right to live where they choose, as well as the right to sit, lie, rest, sleep and eat II. RACISM & HOUSING

while poor and/or homeless, without fear of harassment and criminalization at the hands of the police.

The United States has a long history of using mean-spirited and often brutal laws to keep “certain” people out of public spaces and out of public consciousness. Jim Crow laws segregated the South after the Civil War and Sundown Towns forced people to leave town before the sun set. The anti-Okie law of 1930s California forbade poor Dustbowl immigrants from entering the state and Ugly Laws (on the books in Chicago until the 1970s) swept the country and criminalized people with disabilities for allowing themselves to be seen in public. Today, such laws target mostly homeless people and are commonly called “quality of life” or “nuisance crimes.” They criminalize sleeping, standing, sitting, and

even food-sharing. Just like the laws from our past, they deny people their right to exist in local communities. Three connected statewide campaigns are currently taking place in California, Colorado, and Oregon under the WRAP coalition umbrella.

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III.GENTRIFICATION

12 C ondozilla Josh MacPhee Stencil, 2000 Chicago, lL

III. GENTRIFCATION

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13 R énovation= Ville de Riches Renovation = City of the Rich Atelier Populaire Silkscreen, 1968 Paris, France

III. GENTRIFICATION

In 1968, massive demonstrations occurred around the world protesting the Viet Nam War, imperialism, consumerism, police violence, and other issues. The largest took place in France, beginning with students in Paris and quickly spread into factories.

11,000,000 workers—more than 22% of the total population of France at the time— went on strike for two continuous weeks in May. The student occupations and wildcat general strikes initiated across France were met with forceful confrontation by university administrators and police.

Art students, faculty and staff from the Ecole des Beaux Arts (School of Fine Arts) established the Atelier Populaire (the Popular Workshop). They produced hundreds of silkscreen posters, including the one shown here, in an unprecedented outpouring

of political graphic art. May ‘68 had a resounding impact on French society that would be felt for decades to come. It is considered to this day as a cultural, social and moral turning point in the history of the country.

Gentrification was one of the many issues targeted during the 1968 uprising in Paris.

The round area in the center of this poster is an outline of the city of Paris, the double line running through it is the river Seine. A cigar smoking developer or speculator stands behind a bulldozer about to displace the residents.

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14 G entrification Stops Here! / ¡Aburguesamiento para aquí !

Artist Unknown Offset, Early 21st Century Miami, FL 15 P rofits Are Destroying Our Homes Homefront Silkscreen, circa 1975 New York, NY

III. GENTRIFICATION

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16 T heir Profit vs. Our Community Christopher Cardinale in partnership with Families United for Racial and Economic Equality (F.U.R.E.E.) Offset, 2007 Brooklyn, NY

III. GENTRIFICATION

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17 R äumt Den Knast Und Nicht Die Häuser Bulldoze Jails and Not Homes Arnim Stauth Offset, late 20th Century Germany 18 F ight Back! !Despierta! Join!

Eric Drooker, The Public Works Project Offset, Circa 1999 New York, NY

III. GENTRIFICATION

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IV.DISPLACEMENT

19 F ight for the International Hotel Rachael Romero San Francisco Poster Brigade Offset, 1977 In the 1960s and 70s, the development of San Francisco’s Financial District displaced thousands of people. Four out of every five low-rent residential hotels in the area were gone by the end of the 1970s.

In October 1968, eviction notices were served to residents of the International Hotel, a low cost residential hotel inhabited by 196 Filipino and Chinese, primarily elderly men. When news of the eviction reached students at the University of California at Berkeley and San Francisco State College (renamed San Francisco State University in 1974), the Hotel IV. DISPLACEMENT

became a rallying point for political organizing.

Large and well-publicized demonstrations to save the hotel and prevent the evictions included human barricades seven to eight people deep around the entire block. These led to a temporary reprieve from the parking lot plans and the evictions were repeatedly delayed while the issue was decided in the courts. Finally, in August 1977, the remaining 50 tenants were forcibly evicted in one of the most violent street battles in San Francisco’s history. Approximately 400 police in full riot gear broke through the 3000 people barricading the hotel with their bodies. The demonstrations delayed plans to convert the site into a parking lot for over ten years.

This poster features portraits of residents, including Felix Ayson (center), a resident of the International Hotel since 1928. Ayson died

soon after being evicted. The poster’s text – translated into English, Tagalog, Spanish, and Chinese – addresses the diverse coalition that mobilized around the Hotel.

Although it was demolished in 1979, the site remained vacant because city officials and activists rejected any development plan that didn’t include low-income housing. In 2005, a new I-Hotel was completed containing 105 apartments of senior housing. A lottery was held to determine priority for occupancy, with the two remaining living residents of the original I-Hotel given priority. The new building also contains a ground-floor community center and a historical display commemorating the original I-Hotel.

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20 A fter a Successful Colonization, the Mother Ship Lands Janet Koenig Offset, 1987 New York, NY Janet Koenig’s photomontage transforms the Guggenheim Museum into a space ship. Although the Guggenheim was built in 1956 and thus pre-dates the antigentrification movement of the 1970s and 1980s, this poster uses wit and humor to criticize the effect of art institutions on the real estate market. The reference to “colonization” refers to the unequal power relationship between developers and residents.

IV. DISPLACEMENT

21 M onument to the Death of Art and Life in Venice Carlos Callejo Venice City Council Silkscreen, CA 1970s Venice, CA Community organizing slowed gentrification in Venice–almost thirty years separate posters 21 & 22. It was still possible to find affordable housing in Venice until 2015, when Snapchat, Google and Yahoo began buying all available office and residential spaces in order to expand their operations and house their employees.

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22 S ave Lincoln Place from Developers!

Stephen Scheffler Digital Print, 2001 Los Angeles, CA Lincoln Place was built in 1949-51 as part of the Garden City Movement to address the urgent post World War II need for quality housing at reasonable rents. It is an important example of how innovative housing design can create beauty, functionality, and community, while keeping rents affordable. Since the 1980s, concerned citizens have fought real estate speculators intent on demolishing this historic complex in order to replace it with luxury housing.

With 800 units, Lincoln Place had been a major source of affordable housing in IV. DISPLACEMENT

Venice for decades. In 2003 the Denver-based owner, Aimco or Apartment Investment Management Company—the largest landlord in the country—acquired the complex. The company evicted residents and illegally bulldozed 100 apartments. Of the nearly 700 remaining apartments, most stood empty for years because Aimco refused to rent them in the midst of an affordable housing crisis. They planned to build 800 -1,000 luxury apartments at the Lincoln Place location. On December 6, 2005, the remaining 52 families were forcibly removed by more than 100 police, who gave residents only two minutes to get out of their apartments. It was the largest number of evictions in a single day in Los Angeles history.

It also mobilized the community to fight back.

agreement with Aimco. The tenants, organizers and attorneys who joined forces, successfully prevented demolition—most of the buildings were preserved—and postponed displacement of remaining tenants. But despite their victories, Lincoln Place is now home to only about 10% of its original tenants, with the remaining 700 or so units renting at exorbitant market rates.

In 2010, after years of struggle, the Los Angeles City Council ratified a settlement RECLAIM! REMAIN! REBUILD!

23 S omos Wyvernwood / We are Wyvernwood Alfonso Aceves Stencil and Silkscreen, 2013 Los Angeles, CA

IV. DISPLACEMENT

Built in 1939, the Wyvernwood Garden Apartments in Boyle Heights was the first large-scale garden apartment complex in Los Angeles backed by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA). This residential complex spans more than 70 acres and is a successful example of architecture designed to provide affordable housing while building community. In January 2008, Wyvernwood’s current owner, Miami-based Fifteen Group, began seeking approval to replace the historic community with a $2 billion, 4,400-unit mixed-use project that would quadruple the site’s density and significantly impair Wyvernwood’s historic layout and park-like setting. Residents have expressed opposition to the complex’s demolition, attesting to the site’s cultural and architectural significance. 6,000 residents are in jeopardy of losing their homes.

In trying to convince the City of Los Angeles to approve demolition over rehabilitating the historic buildings, the developers have exaggerated or misconstrued facts—from the level of crime at Wyvernwood to the myth that preserving Wyvernwood would prevent simple updates like installing washers and dryers.

The Boyle Heights community has a history of successfully preventing gentrification–such as in 2015 when they preserved the landmark Mariachi Plaza from being replaced by a shopping center and medical office development.

The Wyvernwood redevelopment is still being opposed.

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24 Schon

Wieder Mehr Miete!

Gabi and Klaus are stunned…Another rent increase! They are out of their minds!

Die Grünen/Alternative Liste [Green Party] Offset, circa 1991 Germany

IV. DISPLACEMENT

Gabi and Klaus were stereotypical inhabitants of Eastern Germany (GDR) after the Berlin wall came down. It started off with jokes like “Gabi and Klaus with their first banana,” showing a couple holding cucumbers in their hands. They couldn’t buy bananas in the GDR. But in the GDR, there was a “right of an apartment”—by law. In general, everything absolutely essential for living (apartment, food, job, healthcare) was guaranteed and subsidized by the state.

So rents were very low. When the wall came down, rents, although regulated, began to rise dramatically. Housing near the former border—which had been known as the “death strip”—became very desirable as it was now in the center of Berlin. As a result, many former East Berliners were displaced by increasingly higher rents.

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25 Stop

Evictions of Our Elders in Chinatown Christine Wong, Jesus Barraza Mission GrĂĄfica Silkscreen, 2003 Oakland, CA Stop Evictions of Our Elders In Chinatown The owner of the Pacific Renaissance Plaza, Lawrence Chan, wants to evict 50 families from their homes at 898 Webster Street.

These tenants are our neighbors. They are low-income people, seniors and disabled people from the Asian community. The tenants of the Pacific Renaissance want to stay in their homes. They want the evictions to stop. They want affordable housing. Help win this victory for the whole community. Stop Chinatown Evictions Committee. Many organizations from the Asian community and from the IV. DISPLACEMENT

Tenants’ movement have united with the tenants of the Pacific Renaissance to keep them in their homes.

26 Stop

Tech Buses - Stop Evictions Ryan Harrison San Francisco Poster Syndicate Silkscreen, 2014-2015 San Francisco, CA In late 2013, San Francisco Bay activists began protesting the use of shuttle buses

by Google and other tech companies to ferry employees from their homes in San Francisco and Oakland to corporate campuses in Silicon Valley about 40 miles away. This sparked other groups in Oakland and even Seattle to protest private tech commuter buses in their areas.

Protesters understood that the buses facilitated gentrification and displacement in a city where the rapid growth of the tech sector was driving up housing prices.

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27 ยกLuchar

Contra Los Desalojos!

Fight the Evictions!

Mission Anti-Displacement Coalition (MAC) Silkscreen, Circa 2009 San Francisco, CA

IV. DISPLACEMENT

Latino Families Fight to Save Their Homes!

Landlord and Developer Allen McCarthy is trying to evict and displace 6 Latino and Immigrant Families in the Heart of the Mission District. He is also planning on displacing a Latino-owned business and storefront Church with a predominantly Latino congregation. In the midst of a brutal economic crisis he is raising rents $600.00-$800.00 per month, in order to push out these tenants. Some of the resident families have lived there for 20 years, and include toddlers, children, teenagers, adults, senior and disabled residents. The Residents of 2789 Harrison are committed to fighting this injustice, and are joining with community supporters to say no more displacement of working class Latino Families, businesses and community institutions from the Mission District and San Francisco. Fight for your rights!

Housing is a human right!

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28 Is This Acceptable?

Ramya Solidarity Committee Offset, 1991 Israel Expropriation For Public Use Immigrant Housing To Be Built Here

IV. DISPLACEMENT

In Summer 1991, 96 Palestinian Bedouin residents of the village of Ramya, in the Galilee region of Northern Israel, were evicted, and their homes demolished, so that apartment complexes for new Russian Jewish immigrants could be built on their land. The Ramya Solidarity Committee formed to protect the village. Using posters like this, the committee enlisted support in Israel and abroad. Organizations and individuals around the world joined the struggle. The ambassadors of Britain, the U.S., and the European Union visited Ramya or received delegations from the village.

The U.S. State Department’s Report on Human Rights for 1991-92 mentions Ramya as an example of discrimination on the basis of nationality.

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29 Eviction

= Death Fernando Martí Justseeds Silkscreen, 2014 San Francisco, CA The poster’s design and slogan appropriate the iconic 1987 “Silence = Death” poster

by Gran Fury and ACT UP/NY. The inverted Pink Triangle was used by the Nazis to identify and shame homosexuals held in the concentration camps. In the 1970s, the Gay Rights movement reclaimed the image and transformed it into a symbol of pride

IV. DISPLACEMENT

Artist’s statement: “In the middle of the latest tidal wave of rent increases, evictions, speculation, and condo conversions in San Francisco, I heard about the death of Castro travel agent Jonathan Klein, who had just committed suicide at the Golden Gate Bridge after facing an Ellis Act eviction. A friend wrote about Jonathan: “People survived the [AIDS] plague years in this city only to fall victim to the new plague. Gentrification is the 21st century epidemic.” Jonathan’s associate, Peter Greene, also facing eviction, wrote: “We are not just spaces, contracts, leases, and commodities to be traded away in exchange for money.

We have a history with the neighborhood.

We’re living, and contributing, human beings.

Some people don’t know the faces they’re displacing, because their own faces are buried in their cell phones.

Speculators especially target long-term tenants in rent-controlled apartments: the opportunistic evictions of seniors, people with disabilities, and people living with AIDS. I created this poster in the spirit of ACT UP, and in memory of Jonathan Klein and so many others for whom eviction is the last straw, for distribution at the 2014 San Francisco Tenants Convention. EVICTION = DEATH, Housing = Healthcare. We’ve since used the image in a variety of other anti-eviction actions.”

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V.HOUSING & HEALTH

30 Untitled

[Girl with Rat] Leslie Bender Political Art Documentation and Distribution (PADD) Stencil, Circa 1983 New York, NY 31 V ote Environment Cara Cox; The Center for Environmental Citizenship; Social Impact Studios Offset, 2004 Philadelphia, PA

V. HOUSING & HEALTH

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32 L ead Paint Damages Your Brain‌Join the General Rent Strike Seth Tobocman Housing Solidarity Network Offset, 1996 New York, NY Lead paint damages your brain. We demand removal of lead paint enforcement of housing codes, repairs + services. We demand a rent reduction. General Rent Strike! Join the General Rent Strike If you have lead paint, holes in walls or ceilings, falling ceilings, leaking pipes, broken stoves + refrigerators, peeling paint, clogged toilets, defective lights + outlets, lack of water pressure, no heat or hot water, broken locks, no security, no maintenance or cleaning, mice, rats, roaches, broken stairs, loose steps, these and other V. HOUSING & HEALTH

conditions are violations of housing code and give you the right to withhold rent payments!

A child plays with paint peeling off the cracked wall of an old building; the flaked-off paint forms a skull and crossbones above a toddler eating a fallen paint chip. “Lead Paint Damages Your Brain,” is written across the adjacent wall.

Although indoors, the children are dressed in winter clothing, indicating the lack of heat.

The poster encourages tenants to withhold rents until services improve and repairs are made.

irreversible learning disabilities and behavioral issues in children. The rent strikes put pressure on the city government and saved the homes of thousands of people facing eviction.

In the 1990s, the Housing Solidarity Network organized rent strikes in Harlem, a majority black neighborhood where thousands of tenants were facing threats of eviction. Many of these tenants lived in buildings owned by New York City’s Housing Preservation and Development (HPD). These units were often unsafe, violated city housing codes, and exposed tenants to hazardous lead paint, which can cause RECLAIM! REMAIN! REBUILD!

33 E xide Wendy Gutschow for the University of Southern California, Southern CA Environmental Health Sciences Center in collaboration with East Yard Communities for Environmental Justice, Digital print, 2016, Los Angeles, CAÂ In 2000, Exide Technologies purchased a battery recycling plant that had operated since 1922 in Vernon, California. The plant operated around the clock seven days a week, crushing, melting, and processing car and truck batteries to extract lead to create new batteries. In 2013, residents of the low-income Latino communities around the facility learned that the plant had been spewing lead and arsenic emissions into their neighborhoods for decades; it V. HOUSING & HEALTH

was also discovered that the state agency responsible for overseeing the plant had never demanded that Exide meet all the requirements for a full permit.

Outraged community members and environmental justice groups in East and Southeast Los Angeles demanded that the plant be shut down and that the soil around their homes be tested. In March 2015, Exide signed an agreement with the U.S. attorney’s office to close the plant permanently in exchange for avoiding prosecution for years of environmental crimes. After testing the soil, state officials found lead contamination as far as 1.7 miles away from the plant, meaning that up to 10,000 homes were affected. Lead has been found to cause irreversible learning disabilities and other behavioral problems in children, even at low levels. The arsenic that

the plant had emitted into the air also posed an increased cancer risk to 100,000 residents.

Community advocates continue to fight for faster action to clean up the contamination, which may take several years and tens to hundreds of millions of dollars. USC’s Community Outreach and Engagement Program developed this poster and East Yard Communities for Environmental Justice created the hashtag #NoMoPlomo to continue raising awareness.

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34 W ould you let your children play near a power plant?

Communities for a Better Environment Offset, 2001 Los Angeles, CA In 2000, L.A.-based Sunlaw Energy Partners began moving forward with a proposal to build a power plant in South Gate, CA. The plant was to be called Nueva Azalea as a nod towards the community’s largely Latino population as well as the official city flower. While the name Nueva Azalea [New Azalea] carries connotations of vibrancy and health, the power plant itself would only increase pollution in the small, working-class city that was already strained by two dozen state-designated toxic sites.

V. HOUSING & HEALTH

Communities for a Better Environment (CBE), along with local community members, launched a successful, grassroots campaign to stop the power plant from being built. At the start of the campaign, many felt that it would be impossible to defeat the multimillion dollar corporation, which was spending hundreds of thousands of dollars to promote the plant through parades, festivals, and newspaper and television ads. The issue of whether the plant would be built was put on a ballot for the 2001 local elections. For months, CBE organized community education meetings, held marches from South Gate High School to City Hall, voiced opposition at public hearings, and held a solar powered festival in the park to demonstrate alternatives to fossil fuels. These educational and outreach efforts culminated in an election victory and the project was abandoned.

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VI.HOMELESSNESS

35 B outique Political Art Documentation and Distribution (PADD) Stencil, Circa 1983 New York, NY 36 S ociety Calls Me a Beggar Asian Social Institute Communication Center Offset, Date Unknown Manila, Philippines

VI. HOMELESSNESS

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37 W hat You Don’t Know About Homelessness...over 1.2 million American children do.

Andrea Stern; Homes for the Homeless Offset, 1996 New York, NY

VI. HOMELESSNESS

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38 H omelessness - It’s not just for poor people anymore!

San Francisco Print Collective Silkscreen, 2001 San Francisco, CA

VI. HOMELESSNESS

39 W hat’s the Difference between a Prisoner of War and a Homeless Person?

Guerrilla Girls Offset, 1991 New York, NY

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40 H omeless Does Not Mean Voteless Anthony Anaya AIGA’s Get Out the Vote Digital Print, 2012 Miami, FL When registering to vote homeless people may use a shelter, park or street corner as their residence

VI. HOMELESSNESS

41 I ’ve begged Guerrilla Girls Offset, 1991 New York, NY

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42 T his Is Not an Invitation to Rape Me Charles Hall, detail of photo by Howard Schatz, Los Angeles Commission on Assaults Against Women Offset, 1993 Los Angeles, CA

VI. HOMELESSNESS

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43 3 3% of the Homeless are Veterans San Francisco Print Collective Silkscreen, 2006 San Francisco, CA In the months before tax day 2006, the San Francisco Print Collective (SFPC) launched a poster campaign for the Northern California War Tax Resistance. They wheatpasted more than 1,000 posters around the Bay Area to publicize tax resistance as a concrete tactic to stop the U.S. military.

They also wanted to show how national politics and military spending affect poverty, housing and homelessness in San Francisco. On the evening of April 15th, 2006, slides of SFPC posters were projected at the West Oakland Post Office to reach BART commuters, evening car traffic and last minute tax-filers.

VI. HOMELESSNESS

44 N o More Homeless Deaths Ronnie Goodman; Western Regional Advocacy Project Offset, Circa 2011 San Francisco, CA THE OCCUPY WALL STREET MOVEMENT HOMES NOT PRISONS JOBS RIP POWER to THE 99% MORE LOW INCOME HOUSING NO MORE HOMELESS DEATHS

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45 T o Protect and Serve the Rich Mark Vallen Silkscreen, 1987 Los Angeles, CA Throughout the U.S., laws that prohibit sleeping, eating, sitting and panhandling in public spaces are used to arrest and funnel homeless people into the criminal justice system, thus criminalizing poverty.

Some community members have mobilized to defeat these laws. In 2012, voters in Berkeley, California defeated Measure S, which would have prohibited sitting and lying down in public areas.

VI. HOMELESSNESS

46 C hange the Priorities Art Hazelwood Digital Print, 2013 San Francisco, CA The Western Regional Advocacy Project (WRAP) is a US West Coast alliance of grassroots homeless people’s organizations that advocates for changes to Federal housing policy, and for an end to local and state policies that it considers to violate the civil rights of homeless people.

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VII.HOUSING FOR PEOPLE NOT FOR PROFIT

47 H ousing Is A Human Right Favianna Rodriguez, Jesus Barraza Causa Justa::Just Cause Comite De Vivienda Taller Tupac Amaru Tumi’s Design Silkscreen, 2003 Oakland, CA La Tierra as Para Quien la Trabaja The land belongs to those who work it Housing Is A Human Right La Vivienda Es Un Derecho Humano

VII. HOUSING FOR PEOPLE NOT FOR PROFIT

48 T ax the Rich Jed Brandt Right to the City Offset, Circa 2011 New York, NY The Right To The City Alliance (RTC) emerged in 2007 as a unified response to gentrification and a call to halt the displacement of low-income people, people of color, marginalized LGBTQ communities, and youths of color from their historic urban neighborhoods. They are a national alliance of racial, economic and environmental justice organizations.

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49 H alt Forclosures Now We Are Oregon Digital print, Date Unknown Oregon 50 F oreclose On The 1% Jesus Barraza, Dignidad Rebelde Offset, 2012 Oakland, CA

VII. HOUSING FOR PEOPLE NOT FOR PROFIT

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51 H ipsters Go Home Ernesto Vazquez Silkscreen, 2015 Los Angeles, CA

VII. HOUSING FOR PEOPLE NOT FOR PROFIT

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52 B egging for Change Meek Stencil, 2004 Melbourne, Australia

VII. HOUSING FOR PEOPLE NOT FOR PROFIT

53 T odo Ser Humano Merece Una Vivienda Digna / Every Human Being Deserves Decent Housing Ollin Offset, Circa 2000 Albuquerque, NM

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VIII.ORGANIZING RESISTANCE

54 T hey Want Us To Leave But We Are Here To Stay Black Cat Graphics Silkscreen, 1986 New York, NY

VIII. ORGANIZING RESISTANCE

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55 O peration Move In Artist Unknown Silkscreen, Circa 1970 New York, NY Operation Move-In was a New York City squatters’ movement that formed in Spring 1970. They began taking over both cityowned and privately owned buildings in New York’s Upper West Side that were slated for demolition or for renovation into more expensive apartments. More than 300 families were moved into vacant apartments across the city. Led by African-American and Latino families, the squatters’ movement gained significant media coverage, giving exposure to critical housing issues such as urban renewal, property speculation, long-term vacancies They also negotiated with landlords and sometimes succeeded in fighting evictions and and the need for affordable housing. obtaining repairs and services.

VIII. ORGANIZING RESISTANCE

56 N ew York City Solves the Housing Crisis?

Artist Unknown Offset, 1970 New York, NY In November 1970, police arrested more than 30 supporters of three families living in/squatting in a building owned by the City of New York, located on the Upper West Side. The building takeover was part of the local squatters’ movement organized by Operation Move-In. See poster #55.

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57 D efend the Squats Artist Unknown Late 20th Century New York, NY The squatters’ movement is direct action for housing. After moving into abandoned properties, squatters organize the resources to renovate the buildings and bring them up to code. In this poster, the international squatters’ symbol--a circle with a lightning-shaped arrow running through diagonally—has been altered. By transforming the arrow into a hammer and screwdriver, the collective renovation of the buildings is emphasized. note poster 17

VIII. ORGANIZING RESISTANCE

58 Housing Takeover!

Artist Unknown Graphics by Sabrina Jones (New York) Photocopy, Circa 2001 Washington D. C.

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59 Use Vacant Presidio Homes For People Who Are Homeless Homes Not Jails Offset, 1997 San Francisco, CA 466 units of good housing in the Presidio are held empty by the National Park Service/Presidio Trust, who have already spent 1.3 million dollars demolishing 58 of these houses and plan to destroy or remove the rest at taxpayer expense.

Meanwhile, 154 homeless residents died on the street last year and thousands of tenants are forced out of their homes by fraudulent “Owner Move In� evictions, skyrocketing rents, gentrification, demolition of public housing, and cuts in section 8 housing.

VIII. ORGANIZING RESISTANCE

Cosponsored by Act Up SF, SF Earth First!, Coalition on Homelessness, SF Tenants Union, Eviction Defense Network, SF Food Not Bombs, Prison Radio Project, Art & Revolution Convergence Join us. Homes Not Jails

Homes Not Jails emerged in 1992, from two San Francisco activist organizations: Food Not Bombs and the San Francisco Tenants Union.

It is an all-volunteer organization committed to housing homeless people through direct action, legislative advocacy and squatting (occupying empty buildings for free). Homes not Jails groups do “housing takeovers”—acts of civil disobedience in which vacant buildings are publicly occupied, to demonstrate the availability of vacant property and to advocate that it be used for housing. The group has done many such occupations. Homes Not Jails has also done and assisted with hundreds of “covert” squats in which vacant buildings are broken into so that people in need of housing can move in.

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60 Melbourne Housing Crisis Sam Wallman Risograph print, 2016 Melbourne, Australia

VIII. ORGANIZING RESISTANCE

61 We Need Rent Control Laws Berkeley Housing Coalition Offset, 1977 Berkeley, CA Image appropriates design of movie poster for “Jaws” (1975)

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62 W elcome to the Lower East Side Michael Corris, Mary Garvin Political Art Documentation and Distribution (PADD) Silkscreen, 1984 New York, NY 63 S top Demolition Artist Unknown Offset, Circa 2000 Los Angeles, CA

VIII. ORGANIZING RESISTANCE

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64 P rotect Your Rights, Join Your Local Tenants Union Rich Kees Offset, 1978 Minneapolis, MN

VIII. ORGANIZING RESISTANCE

65A T enants Organize and Let’s Fight Santa Barbara Tenants Union Silkscreen, Circa 1979 Santa Barbara, CA

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65B I nquilinos Organizense y Luchemos Santa Barbara Tenants Union Silkscreen, Circa 1979 Santa Barbara, CA

VIII. ORGANIZING RESISTANCE

Although rent control has been around since the early 1900s, demand for it escalated in the 1970s in response to the inflation caused by the Viet Nam War and the OPEC oil embargo.

Wages did not keep up with rapidly rising rents, and gentrification further reduced the supply of affordable housing. Tenant organizing radically increased during the late 1970s, and rent control laws were enacted in over 170 cities, mainly in the Northeast and California.

Berkeley and Santa Monica. Although it lasted approximately ten years, three unsuccessful electoral campaigns to vote-in rent control, ultimately drained the organization of its human and financial resources. During the organization’s early years, both Spanish and English versions of this poster were produced.

The Santa Barbara Tenants Union (SBTU) was founded in 1978—after rents had increased as much as 50% in one year. Faculty and students from the nearby University of California campus provided experienced organizers.

The SBTU organized tenants and tried to establish a rent control law in Santa Barbara comparable to other California cities, notably RECLAIM! REMAIN! REBUILD!

66 S upport San Francisco Tenants Union Jos Sances, Alliance Graphics San Francisco Poster Syndicate Silkscreen, 2016 Berkeley, CA

VIII. ORGANIZING RESISTANCE

The tenants’ rights movement in San Francisco began in 1971, when a small group of San Francisco State University students formed the Tenant Action Group, and sought to build a broader network of community members who shared their housing concerns. The San Francisco Tenants Union developed out of this network. A mostly volunteer-run organization, the SFTU has educated thousands of San Francisco renters on their rights under local, state and federal law, and empowered residents to assert those rights. The SFTU is also the only tenant rights advocacy organization for San Francisco renters which can endorse or withhold endorsements for politicians who pass laws that affect tenants. As a 501(c)(4) organization, the SFTU is not restricted in advocating for or against legislators, and organizes tenants to pressure the politicians on legislation.

The building behind the fist is known as the “Pigeon Palace,” a 6-unit building that was put on the market in 2015. The tenants, fearing eviction, creatively organized against the sale—including posting a sign that stated, “If you buy this house, you will have bad karma.”

With the help of the city, the tenants collectively bought the building from the landlord.

This poster was printed in the street during different actions against eviction and gentrification.

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67 C ommunity Control of the Land Favianna Rodriguez Center for the Study of Political Graphics (CSPG), Self-Help Graphics (SHG), Strategic Actions for a Just Economy (SAJE) Silkscreen, 2002 Los Angeles, CA

VIII. ORGANIZING RESISTANCE

Artist Statement: “Housing is a human right. The fight for land and housing is one that dates back to over 500 years, beginning with the rape of Indian land

by Spanish colonizers, the theft of Mexican territories, the racist policies that prohibited African and Indian people from owning land.

Today many working class communities are at the mercy of big business, which exploit the land for profit and destroy communities. The basic demand for community control of the land, which was set forth by our revolutionary predecessors throughout the civil rights movement, is still relevant to us today�

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IX.BUILDING COMMUNITY

68 I don’t watch my neighbors. I see them.

We make our community safer together Micah Bazant Digital Print, Circa 2013 Berkeley, CA

VIII. ORGANIZING RESISTANCE

69 M etro Listen Out Artist Unknown Silkscreen, early 21st Century Los Angeles, CA

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70 H ow To Build Community Karen Kerney Syracuse Cultural Workers Offset, 1998 Syracuse, NY Turn Off Your TV / Leave Your House Know Your Neighbors Look Up When You Are Walking Greet People / Sit On Your Stoop Plant Flowers Use Your Library / Play Together Buy From Local Merchants Share What You Have Help A Lost Dog Take Children To The Park / Garden Together Support Neighborhood Schools Fix It Even If You Didn’t Break It IX. BUILDING COMMUNITY

Have Pot Lucks / Honor Elders Pick Up Litter / Read Stories Aloud Dance In The Street Talk To The Mail Carrier Listen To The Birds / Put Up A Swing Help Carry Something Heavy Barter For Your Goods Start A Tradition / Ask A Question Hire Young People For Odd Jobs Organize A Block Party Bake Extra And Share Ask For Help When You Need It Open Your Shades / Sing Together

Share Your Skills Take Back The Night Turn Up The Music Turn Down The Music Listen Before You React To Anger Mediate A Conflict Seek To Understand Learn From New And Uncomfortable Angles Know That No One Is Silent Though Many Are Not Heard Work To Change This

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71 T hey Mistook the Determination in Our Eyes for Hopelessness Weston Teruya Center for the Study of Political Graphics (CSPG) Self-Help Graphics (SHG) Strategic Actions for a Just Economy (SAJE) Silkscreen, 2002 Los Angeles, CA Without Struggle there is no Victory

IX. BUILDING COMMUNITY

72 M arch for Community Alfonso Aceves Stencil and Silkscreen, 2013 Los Angeles, CA

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73 R aise Your Voice Because It’s Time to End Poverty, Racism and Sexism Steve Williams People Organized to Win Employment Rights (POWER) Offset, Circa 1999 San Francisco, CA We are living in dangerous times. While the U.S. government continues its bombing, occupation and starvation of countries all around the world, they’re also waging a war on our communities--attacking our homes, our families, our jobs and our lives in the Tenderloin, BayView, Hunter’s Point, the Mission and Chinatown.

It’s time we get together to create something better!

IX. BUILDING COMMUNITY

There’s a battle going on for the future of this City. The politicians and corporations have a plan for a new San Francisco, and we--poor and working class women, African-Americans, Latinos, Asians and Pacific Islanders--are not part of that plan. That’s why we’ve created our own.

On April 17th, we will take a historic step together in fighting for a better world, starting right here in San Francisco. Where will you be on April 17--are you willing to stand up for a new San Francisco for all of us?

We know this is no easy task--that’s why everyone who is affected by these problems needs to be part of the struggle for a solution.

Where will you be on April 17th? if not here, where? if not us, who? if not now, when? Food and child care will be provided.

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74 Take

Back Our City! Boston Right To The City, Boston Design Action Collective, Oakland Offset, 2011 Boston, MA Take Back Our City! Retome Nuestra Ciudad! [In Chinese and Korean] Whose Boston? Our Boston! Big banks and big businesses are destroying our communities.

They take billions of our tax dollars as bailouts and tax breaks, but don’t pay their fair share. They force us out of our homes, kill our jobs and pollute our neighborhoods.

Together we can stop their greed. Let’s fight for an economy that works for us all.

It’s Time to Build Cities that are Democratic, Just, and Sustainable.

IX. BUILDING COMMUNITY

Alternatives for Community & Environment / Boston Workers Alliance / City Life Vida Urbana / Community Labor United / Cwa Local 1400 / Green Justice Coalition / Ibew T-6 Council / Lynn United For Change / Project / Neighbors United For A Better East Boston / New England United For Springfield No One Leaves / Ue Northeast Region / Ufcw Local 1445 / Right To The City / Chelsea Collaborative / Chinese Progressive Association - Boston / Direct Action For Rights & Equality / Dorchester People For Peace / Massuniting / Massachusetts Jobs With Justice / Merrimack Valley Justice / Right To The City Alliance / Service Employees Intl Union / Unite Here Local 26 / Worcester Anti-Foreclosure Team.

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75 Take

Back Our City! Los Angeles Right To The City Design Action Collective, Oakland Digital Print, 2017 Los Angeles, CA Big banks and big businesses are destroying our communities. They take billions of our tax dollars as bailouts and tax breaks, but don’t pay their fair share.

They force us out of our homes, kill our jobs and pollute our neighborhoods. Together we can stop their greed. Let’s fight for an economy that works for us all.

It’s Time to Build Cities that are Democratic, Just, and Sustainable.

IX. BUILDING COMMUNITY

Remain! Reclaim! Rebuild!

Posters on Affordable Housing, Gentrification & Resistance was produced by the Center for the Study of Political Graphics, with support from The California Endowment, California Arts Council, and the City of Los Angeles, Department of Cultural Affairs.

Additional support came from Esperanza Community Housing Corporation, The Getty Foundation, and the Los Angeles County Arts Commission.

To bring this exhibition to your community,or for more information on CSPG’s traveling exhibitions, please contact cspg@politicalgraphics.org www.politicalgraphics.org

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Reclaim! Remain! Rebuild! Posters on Affordable Housing, Gentrification & Resistance was an extraordinary collaborative effort. First and foremost, we thank the artists, cultural workers, activists, and organizations who produced the posters and everyone who saved and donated them to CSPG so that future generations might learn from these powerful graphics.

Alfonso Aceves American Friends Service Committee American Institute of Graphic Arts Anthony Anaya Atelier Populaire Jesus Barraza Micah Bazant Millie & Julius Bendat Leslie Bender Black Cat Graphics Jed Brandt Judy Branfman Carlos Callejo

Steve Clare Christopher Cardinale Eva Cockcroft Joel Cohen Michael Corris Cara Cox Justin Cram Gregory Cross Coral Cuthbertson Barbara Dane Rick Davidson Annette Delgado Design Action Collective John Doffing

Eric Drooker Fireworks Graphics John Fitzgerald Greg Foisie FUREE Garment Worker Center Mary Garvin Ronnie Goodman Guerrilla Girls Wendy Gutschow Gilda Haas Charles Hall Ryan Harrison Art Hazelwood

Joanne Heidkamp Inkworks Press Jay Mark Johnson Rich Kees Karen Kerney Janet Koenig David Kunzle David Kupfer Peggy Law Josh MacPhee Michael & Jill McCain Fernando Marti Frank Morales Peter Meyer

Missouri History Museum Claude Moller Frank Morales Brian Alfred Murphy Northland Poster Collective Peace Over Violence Patrick Piazza Political Art Documentation & Distribution William Price Ragged Edge Press Favianna Rodriguez

Mark Rogovin & Michelle MelinRogovin Rachael Romero Michael Rossman SAJE Jos Sances San Francisco Poster Syndicate San Francisco Print Collective Stephen Scheffler Seattle Print Arts Self-Help Graphics Shabaka

Social Impact Studios Chuck Sperry Arnim Statuth Moe Stavnezer Andrea Stern Mike Suhd Syracuse Cultural Workers Weston Teruya THINK AGAIN Seth Tobocman Jesus Torres Mark Vallen Ernesto Vazquez Sam Wallman

Mary Brent Wehrli Steve Williams Ann Wright Christine Wong Yap

Special thanks to The Curatorial Committee for their expertise to preserve and create affordable housing, and their passion to document stories that might otherwise be lost: Celina Alvarez (Housing Works of California), Justin Cram (KCETLink Public Media), Becky Dennison (Venice Community Housing), Channa Grace (Women Organizing Resources Knowledge & Services/WORKS), Gilda Haas (Dr. Pop), Nancy Halpern Ibrahim (Esperanza Community Housing), Marie Kennedy, Kelly Parker (KCETLink Public Media), Beatriz Solis (California Endowment), Cynthia Strathmann (SAJE), & Carol A. Wells (CSPG) Translators & Interpreters: Lis Barajas, Armida Corral, and Alejandra Gaeta for their patience and clarity.

Additional Research & Images: Paul Boden, Steve Clare, Lincoln Cushing, Tim Gregory, Jen Hoyer, Ellen E. Jarosz, Alison Sotomayor, Dale Steiber, Chris Tilly, Laura Verlaque, and the following institutions generously provided materials: Interference Archives; KCET; Lanterman Historical Museum Foundation; Occidental College Special Collections & College Archives; the Oviatt library, California State University, Northridge; and the Missouri History Museum, St. Louis, MO. Design, Production & Workshop: Qi Guo for his graphic design skills, Shervin Shahbazi for his creative installation, and Ernesto Vazquez for his talented and inspired teaching.

Deepest thanks to Esperanza Community Housing Corporation and Mercado la Paloma for hosting many CSPG exhibitions. We especially appreciate working with Nancy Halpern Ibrahim, Daniel Umana, and Eva Guardado.

CSPG Staff: Carol A. Wells, Founder & Executive Director Alejandra Gaeta, Archivist Emily Sulzer, Archivist Jerri Allyn, Office & Social Media Manager

Thank you to CSPG’s interns, volunteers and staff who are tireless in cataloguing, researching, writing, and giving moral support sincerest thanks go to: Sherry Anapol, Linda Esquivel, Ted Hajjar, Susan Henry, Nader Hotait, Lisa Kahn, Kate Kausch, Cheryl Revkin, Alejandro Santander, Anibal Serrano, and the 2016 Getty interns: Mario Almaraz and Cynthia Viramontes.

Digital Gallery Guide Designed by Howard Holcomb, 2017 Getty Intern