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CONTENTS:
1.– Health and illness.
2.
Types of diseases: infectious / non-infectious.
3.– Science and health. Medical treatment.
4.- Preventive medicine: . – Healthy diet.
. – Hygiene habits.
. – Regular exercise…
. – Avoid accidents.
. – Go to the doctor…
. – Don’t smoke, avoid alcohol...
5.
First aid care.
6.– Our secret character
1.– HEALTH AND ILLNESS.
We can speak about two types of health: – Physical health: when organs in our body work properly, and we do not feel any pain.
Mental health: when we feel good with ourselves and with the rest of people.
When we are sick, our body does not work properly and we don’t feel good. We use to have some symptoms like fever, cough, sneezes, headachache... or we have some types of pain.
When we have a mental disorder, we do not feel good with ourselves like in depression, stress, anorexia...
Health is a state of physical and mental well-being.
2.– TYPES OF DISEASES.
We are going to divide diseases in two great groups, depending on their origin:
2.1.– INFECTIOUS diseases: are caused by infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, fungi…). When they get into your body, you will be ill.
We can be infected by air (air with bacteria or viruses), or when we touch infected objects or by an open wound in our skin...
a.- Contagious diseases: when the disease is transmitted from person to person. Example: the flu...
b.– Non-contagious diseases: when the disease can’t be transmitted from person to person.
2.2.– NON-INFECTIOUS diseases: are casused by other reasons: allergies, intoxications, cancer...
USEFUL WORDS: .
Infected
Many of these diseases are caused by bacteria, fungi and they can be treated with antibiotics Others are caused by viruses and antibiotics do not work on them.
We can see some examples of infectious diseases:
Salmonellosis: produce vomits and diarrhea
Pneumonia, the flu, common cold: problems to breath… Hepatitis: problems on the liver, and the hole body...
Examples of non-infectious diseases:
Arteriosclerosis, high blood pressure can provoque a heart attack. Asthma, allergies… cause problems to breath, on the skin... Kidneys stones provoke problems in our cxcretory system Cancer is a very serious problem caused when our cells reproduce in a bad way
3.– SCIENCE AND HEALTH. Nowadays, medicine has improved a lot, and people can go to the Community Health Centre or to a hospital, to solve their health problems.
3.1.– Main steps on a medical treatment are different steps to solve health problems from one person.
A.– Symptoms: health problems that a person has got ( pain, or bad feelings, fever, cough, sore throat…)
B.– Tests: they are different tests in order to get information about the disease (auscultation, blood/urine tests, Xray, scanner…)
C.– Diagnosis: the doctor knows the name of the disease because of the results of the tests.
D.– Treatment:
. – Drugs or medicines: pills, painkillers, antibiotics... that the patient will take.
– Surgery treatment: a surgical operation to solve the pain, or the disease.
– Radiation: treatment with radioactive substan ces to cure tumors, cancers
E.– Recovery period: period of time while the patient becomes healthier and stronger.
Medicine is the science of diagnosing, treating, or preventing disease and other damages to the body or mind.
4.– PREVENTIVE MEDICINE: consists of measures to avoid to be sick.
4.1.– Healthy diet: if you eat a balanced diet, your organs and systems will work better.
Eating a great variety of foods is needed for a good health. Remember the foodpyramid:
1.– Eat most: vegetables, cereals, pasta, fruits… These foods countain different nutrients (minerals, vitamins, fibre…) and energy from carbohydrates. And don’t forget to drink a lot of water or liquids.
2.– Eat moderately: fish, meat, eggs, dairy foods (milk, yogourt…) will provide proteins, minerals and vitamins.
3.– Eat in small amounts: sugars, oil and fats.
4.2.– Hygiene habits: if our house and clothes are clean, if we wash fruit and vegetables before eating them, and we have a good personal higiene (wash sur hands, clean our teeth, take a shower regularly) we will avoid infections. Many health problems are caused by bad higiene habits.
4.3.– Exercise, posture and rest: Practising regularly some kind of exercise (walking, running, playing sports…) is very important for our health. These activities improve our physical condition and prevent mental disorders (stress, depression…). At the same time, our body needs enough time to rest and sleep. Children need to sleep more than ten hours a day.
Finally, to keep a good position while we are sitting, studying,… and to change the position from time to time, will avoid some damages in our spine and locomotor system.
4.4.– Avoid accidents: to take some precautions in our daily life can help to avoid accidents:
Wear a helmet when we ride a bike.
Fasten your seatbelt in cars.
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Watch the traffic before to cross a road. .
In the kitchen: .
Take care with knives. . – And with hot oil, soups… . – Take care with electricity. - Do not play near a swimming pool.
4.5.– Go to the doctor, dentist…
To visit the doctor is very important. To vaccinate young children for preventing diseases, when we feel ill, to do a check-up to control that our health is good…
This is very important because they can do some tests (blood test, urine test, electrocardiogram...) that can detect and treat very important diseases (heart diseases, diabetes, cancer…).
4.6.– Do not smoke and avoid alcohol and other drugs.
Do not smoke, do not have alcohol or other drugs. They are very bad for your health, and they can produce dangerous physical, mental and social disorders.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE:
1.– Healthy diet.
2.– Hygiene habits.
3.– Exercise, position and rest
4.– Avoid accidents.
5.– Go to the doctor, dentist…
6.– Don’t smoke and avoid alcohol and other drugs.
USEFUL WORDS: .
.
exercise
posture .
rest .
vaccinate .
avoid accidents
check-up
5.- FIRST AID CARE:
First Aid Care are the actions that a person does on an injured person before the doctor arrives.
There are lots of situations where we could help to another person before the doctor arrives.
A.– Sunburn: Cool the area with water, apply an aftersun lotion, and if it is very severe, call the doctor.
B.– Wounds and cuts: clean the area with antiseptic lotion, and apply a sterile bandage to protect the wound.
C.– Nosebleed: Hold the tip of your nose with your finger for five minutes while breathing through the mouth.
D.– Stings and insect bites: Wash the bite with soap and water, then cool the skin with ice cubes. If necessary, use a painkilling cream or an antihistamine gel. If the person is allergic, talk to the doctor.
E.– First-aid kit: It's always a good idea to keep a firstaid kit at home or at school, or in the car...
First Aid Care: The most important thing is to stay calm and to call the emergency service (ambulance, doctor…)
If the accident is at school, go to the teacher and tell him/ her about the problem.
6.- OUR SECRET CHARACTER:
You have to complete some sentences about our famous character.
You can use internet to look for information and complete these sentences.
1.– She was born in __________________, a city in Italy.
2.– In 1860, she created the first nursing school in the city of ____________.
3.– In 1854, she went to a war to help to injured soldiers. This war was called __________________________.
4.– She used to walk around the hospital, and the soldiers called her: “The lady with _________________”
5.– Queen Victoria gave her a medal called “________________________________________”
6.– Her name is __________________________________________, and she is considered the mother of modern nursing.
If you can’t find the information on internet for the previous sentences, you can scan this QR .
