CCScity450 Comunidades | Seminario 2 | Design and the Just City | Toni Griffin

My Just City is Black and White

seeking justice through planning and design

assaults

body|women

body|black

body|brown

body|white

body|LGBTQ

body|health

urban|planet

urban|city

urban|violence

urban|profiling

voice|identity

voice|resistence

voice|protest

the just city

equity inclusion diversity access justice voice The absence of these values (and others), still unrealized in

many cities, leaves the city “unfinished” – urban landscapes where the work of uplifting people and place remains a large task.

INJUSTICE

as defined by Fainstein and Young

Actions that disadvantage those already excluded from entitlement enjoyed by those more deserving.

A Just City is where all people and communities, but

especially the least not included, have equitable and inclusive access to environments that offer the opportunities and resources to be productive and prosperous, advancing the social and economic mobility and agency of both people and place.

can design impact justice?

new urbanism

everyday urbanism

tactical urbanism

sustainable urbanism

landscape urbanism

just urbanism

A disruptive framework of policies and practices that produce outcomes designed to break down historic structures and systems of oppression, inequality and access

restorative accountability

disruptive

political

grassroots

just urbanism

grasstops community expertise

values-based

cultural competency

cross disciplinary

how will we know it when we see it?

engagement

The process of finding a way to make two different ideas, facts, or points of view coexist or be true at the same time

Respect A mutually earned and shared honoring of different voices, opinions, behaviors, and cultural expressions

Tolerance The acceptance of difference

Trust

The accep ptance of disa agree ement or oppo osition in pursuiit of nec cessary y cha ang e orr im mprove ement

Delight

Deb batte

Creating places, spaces, and processes that promote happiness and joy

Acceptting g and providing g forum ms forr the disscu ussion off differen nt vo oices and points of view in orde er to o achieve e grea aterr in nclu usion n in proce essess and decisio on-m making g

Happiness A state of well being that brings about joy, contentment, or ease

The possibility of fulfillment of a desire, aspiration, outcome, or happiness

Inspiration The result of creative thinking and collaboration that has the potential to produce new and innovative outcomes

Diiverssity y An intentio ona al state of mixed d people e, in nstitutio ons, and d culturral norm ms

Cooperation The process by which individuals or collective groups work together to do something

Participation

The act of objectiion or diisapprroval in n th he form of pub blic c demon nstra ation

The active engagement Belonging of individuals and To community feel accepted members in and comfortable matters, both in a setting despite formal andage, gender, informal, affrace, ecting sexuality, or social and spatial income wellbeing

Voic ce

Empathy Togetherness

Alllowing g the articula ation of differe ent poiints of view and cu ulttural no orm ms to help sha ape de ecisionmaking g

A sense of to the ability solidarity within recognize and and understand across the feeling and point populations

Protest

Hope

A group of individuals or collective groups having shared or common interests

Exercising

of view of another

Inclusion The acceptance of difference and the intention to involve diverse opinions, attitudes, and behaviors

Healthiness

Beauty Equalitty The prrovision of equa al or equiva ale ent distributio on, sttatuss, rightss, pow wer, and amenity y

Eq quity The distrribution n of ma aterial an nd no onmatterial good ds in a manner that brin ngs the greatest ben nefit required d to any y particular commun nity

Meritt A good qua ality, featurre, process, or outcom me that deserves to be praise ed and assigned worrth or value e

Transpa arency The op penness of process, rules, righ hts, and proced dure es through the sh haring of knowle e dge e and Creative infforrmatio on

A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being that supports the absence of disease or infirmity

Everyone’s right to well-made, well-designed environments

Character

Adaptability y

Features or attributes used to separate distinguishable qualities of place

Accountability The acceptance of responsibility by individuals or collective groups to contribute to the creation and maintenance of just conditions for all

Pride A respect and admiration arising from feeling good and confident about some act, space, place, or relationship

Spirituality The presence of places and attitudes that support religious expression, practice, and beliefs

Vitality An energetic, integrated community with opportunities for and support of cultural, civic, and economic involvement

Agency

Access

Enabling the confidence, rights, and status of individuals or groups to act on behalf of their own interests

The conveniient proximity to o, qu uality of, or connecttiv vity to basic nee eds, amenitties, ch hoicess, and decisions

Connectiv vity

Empowerment

The e ability to cha ange or be chan nged in order to fit or work better in some e situation or for so ome pu urpose

Prosperity The condition of being successful or thriving in terms of social, economic, civic, cultural, and health indicators

Durrabiliity The ability y of all social and d spattial system ms to rema ain strong an nd in good d condition over a long period of time

Protection

Fre eedom

The ability to act or sp peak freely wiithout The quallity of not th hreat of exte ernal being g harrmfull restric ction to the e socia al or spattial we ellbeing or depletin ng re esource es, Authenticity Knowlledge and the erebyThe recognition The ability y to supporting lon gofnphysical n information term m social an nd social gain and or aware eness spattial balan nce characteristics thrrough h that are genuine ed ducattion and/ /or to a particular experiience place or culture

Sustain nability

To give formal authority or power The e physica al and d to a person or social nettworks collective group by thatt tie places and promoting action pe eople togeth her, or influence proviiding contact and opportunity nece essary for Community Representation soc c ia a l well l b eing A group of The accep ptance A balance of individuals or of disa agree ement collective groups or oppo osition a community’s havingdesires, shared or in pursuiit of common interests nec cessary y cha ange representative of orr im mprove ement its diversity, areEqualitty present in the The prrovision Cooperation of equa al or decision making Deb batte The process by equiva ale ent process

The state of being kept from harm or loss in social or spatial conditions

Safety An environment that minimizes physical and emotional vulnerability and threats to wellbeing

Security Social and spatial conditions that support the freedom from danger, exclusion, and harm

acceptance aspiration choice democracy engagement fairness identity mobility power resilience rights welfare

To promote a confidence earned through the demonstration of fulfilling commitments and promises made among people and institutions

Nurturing ingenuity in problem solving and intervention

Sp pontane eity

The pottenttial to allow forr the e unp planned, where individ dual s or groups can freely self-crea ate processes,, inte erventtions, orr activities

Reconciliation The process of finding a way to make two different ideas, facts, or points of view coexist or be true at the same time

Respect

A mutually earned and shared honoring of different voices, opinions, behaviors, and cultural expressions

Tolerance

The acceptance of difference

Trust

the JUST CITY index

Harvard Graduate School of Design The Just City Lab for Black in Design 2 0 1 7

Nurturing ingenuity in problem solving and intervention

Delight

Creating places, spaces, and processes that promote happiness and joy

Acceptting g and providing g forum ms forr the disscu ussion off differen nt vo oices and points of view in orde er to o achieve e grea aterr in nclu usion n in proce essess and decisio on-m making g

Happiness

A state of well being that brings about joy, contentment, or ease

Protest

The act of objectiion or diisapprroval in n th he form of pub blic c demon nstra ation

Hope

The possibility of fulfillment of a desire, aspiration, outcome, or happiness

Inspiration

The result of creative thinking and collaboration that has the potential to produce new and innovative outcomes

Diiverssity y

An intentio ona al state of mixed d people e, in nstitutio ons, and d culturral norm ms

and promote this recognition within communitiesOw wnersh hip

Beauty

which individuals or collective groups work together to do something

distributio on, sttatuss, rightss, pow wer, and amenity y

Participation

The distrribution n of ma aterial an nd no onmatterial good ds in a manner that brin ngs the greatest ben nefit required d to any y particular commun nity

The active engagement of individuals and community members in matters, both formal and informal, affecting social and spatial wellbeing

Voic ce

Togetherness

Alllowing g the articula ation of differe ent poiints of view and cu ulttural no orm ms to help sha ape de ecisionmaking g

A sense of solidarity within and across populations

Eq quity

Meritt

A good qua ality, featurre, process, or outcom me that deserves to be praise ed and assigned worrth or value e

Transpa arency The op penness of process, rules, righ hts, and proced dure es through the sh haring of knowle edge e and infforrmatio on

Th he ability y to ha ave a stake in n

Healthiness

th he prop perty y, Everyone’s right process, outc come, to well-made, and otther assets well-designed environments

Character

Features or attributes used to separate distinguishable qualities of place

Accountability The acceptance of responsibility by individuals or collective groups to contribute to the creation and maintenance of just conditions for all

Pride

A respect and admiration arising from feeling good and confident about some act, space, place, or relationship

Spirituality

The presence of places and attitudes that support religious expression, practice, and beliefs

Access

The conveniient proximity to o, qu uality of, or connecttiv vity to basic nee eds, amenitties, ch hoicess, and decisions

Agency

Enabling the confidence, rights, and status of individuals or groups to act on behalf of their own interests

Empowerment

Connectiv vity To give formal authority or power The e physica al and d An energetic, to a person or social nettworks integrated collective group by thatt tie places and community with promoting action pe eople togeth her, opportunities or influence proviiding contact for and support and opportunity of cultural, civic, Would we design better places if wefor put the values of equality, nece essary and economic inclusion or equity first? If a soc community it stood for, cia al wellarticulated lbeing whatRepresentation what it believed in, what it aspired to be as a city; as a neighborhood involvement A balance - would it have a better chance of creating and sustaining a more of a community’s healthy, vibrant place with positive economic, health, civic, cultural desires, and environmental conditions? Imagine that the issues of race, of income, education and unemployment inequality, and representative the resulting its diversity, segregation, isolation and fear, could be addressed by planning and are designing for greater access, agency, ownership, beauty,present diversity in or the empowerment. Now imagine the Just City - the cities, neighborhoods decision making and public spaces that thrive using a value-based aspiration for urban process Vitality

A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being that supports the absence of disease or infirmity

Adaptability y The e ability to cha ange or be chan nged in order to fit or work better in some e situation or for so ome pu urpose

Prosperity The condition of being successful or thriving in terms of social, economic, civic, cultural, and health indicators

Durrabiliity The ability y of all social and d spattial system ms to rema ain strong an nd in good d condition over a long period of time

Sustain nability The quallity of not being g harrmfull to the e socia al or spattial we ellbeing or depletin ng re esource es, and the ereby supporting lon ngterm m social an nd spattial balan nce

Protection

Fre eedom The ability to act or sp peak freely wiithout th hreat of exte ernal restric ction

Knowlledge The ability y to gain n information or aware eness thrrough h ed ducattion and/ /or experiience

The state of being kept from harm or loss in social or spatial conditions

Safety An environment that minimizes physical and emotional vulnerability and threats to wellbeing

Security Social and spatial conditions that support the freedom from danger, exclusion, and harm

acceptance aspiration alues choice ndicators democracy engagement fairness identity mobility power resilience rights welfare

To promote a confidence earned through the demonstration of fulfilling commitments and promises made among people and institutions

Innovation

Sp pontane eity

The pottenttial to allow forr the e unp planned, where individ duals or groups can freely self-crea ate processes,, inte erventtions, orr activities

stabilization, revitalization and transformation. Imagine the Just City.

The Just City Lab investigates the definition of urban justice and the Just City, and it examines how design and planning contribute to the conditions of justice and injustice in cities, neighborhoods and the public realm. The Lab has been developing and testing a set of core principles, values and metrics to assess and evaluate design’s role in achieving urban justice. The Lab also researches design practices that exemplify the achievement of the Just City and its values.

Toni L Griffin, Director, The Just City Lab, Professor in Practice of Urban Planning www.designforthejustcity.org

Ow wnersh hip

Th he ability y to ha ave a stake in n th he prop perty y, process, outc come, and otther assets

practice

measurement

MsC City Design and Social Science Toni Griffin

August 2015 Director, J. Max Bond Center on Design for the Just City, City University of New York

Public Life & Urban Justice in NYC’s Plazas

Gehl

PSPL Methodology is based on two core indicators:

Public Space Public Life

JMBC

The Just City Methodology, is based on eleven core indicators:

Urban Justice

How can we mesh these indicators together to study connections between public life, public space, and urban (social and spatial) justice?

How can we understand who benefits from new public spaces?

Gehl Studio and the J. Max Bond Center on Design for the Just City partnered up to study public life and space, and urban justice.

Equity Access Choice Connectivity Health & Wellbeing Diversity Ownership Participation Beauty Inclusion/ Belonging Creative Innovation

Gehl!

7 Plazas Gehl Studio and the J. Max Bond Center on Design for the Just City collected data on 7 Plazas

Manhattan Flatiron District Plaza Meatpacking District Plaza

Queens Diversity Plaza Corona Plaza

Brooklyn Putnam Plaza Zion Triangle New Lots Triangle

New Plazas: Areas Underserved by Open Space:

Next Generation World Class Streets, Plazas:

Meatpacking

Flatiron

Diversity Plaza

New Lots Triangle

Putnam Plaza

Corona

The plazas and neighborhoods all have very different characteristics‌which poses challenges (hard to compare findings) and opportunities (diversity of insights) for our analysis

New Lots*

Zion

Putnam

Corona

Diversity

Flatiron

Meatpacking

Some plazas have more events than others, and more events take Intensity of Programming, 2014 place in the summer.

Survey of Annual Programmi 2014 Programming Brea

Type

Audien

Flatiron

JAN

Meatpacking

FEB

Diversity

MAR

Corona

APR

Putnam

MAY

Zion

JUN

New Lots*

JUL AUG

Arts Education Diversity Health + Wellness Other measured by

SEP OCT NOV

1-2 events / month

DEC

2-5 events / month

* info not available

Programming Volume, 2014

1-2 events / month 2-5 events / month 5+ events / month

Public Life

Public Diversity Space

5+ events / month

General A Seniors Cultural H Youth + F

programming diversity was moderate.

Several plazas host Survey of Annual events Programming that cater Diversit to general audiences 2014 Programming Breakdown

Active / Passive

People are meeting each other!

PUBLIC SPACE

CONNECTIVITY

Public ! Connectivity!

Life!

Gehl!

53%

across all 7 plazas recognize or know more people since the plaza opened

Plazas foster social connections.

Public Connectivity Life

Do you recognize or know more people since the plaza opened? !

even plazas with low activity rates foster social connections

75%

50%

25%

YES!!

LIFE CONNECTIVITY PUBLIC LIFE CONNECTIVITY

PUBLIC

PUBLIC

SPACE PUBLIC SPACE

ncomes partners: ! as Potential The Trust for Governors Island! ported zing new New Lots Triangle

Zion Triangle

Putnam Plaza

Corona Plaza

Diversity Plaza

Meatpacking Plaza

Flatiron Plaza

0%

Plazas in QueensHispanic/Latino wer likely to conne and Brooklyn more White were less so. fostered more Connectivity & Race social interaction 25% 20% and recognition 15% 10% than those in Connectivity & Income 5% Key: 0% Manhattan! Those earning less No, I don’t recognize / know more Yes, I recognize / know more

Asian

e rs

100%

$50,000 were muc likely to make new nections

No, I don’t recognize / know more Yes, I recognize / know more

Key:

No, I don’t recognize / know more Yes, I recognize / know more

Gehl!

Those earning less than $50,000 were more likely to make Connectivity & Income new connections!

25% 20% 15%

Diversity!

(blank)

PUBLIC SPACE $100,000 or more

PUBLIC LIFE $50,000 to $99,999

0%

Th $5 No, I don lik Yes, I re ne

PUBLIC SPACE

PUBLIC LIFE

$15,000 to $49,999

10% CONNECTIVITY CONNECTIVITY 5%

$0 to $14,999

w n

How do responses vary by income? !

Key: No, I don’t recognize / know more Yes, I recognize / know more

Gehl!

67%

felt a sense of ownership across all 7 plazas

Across the board, folks said they would pick up a piece of trash in the plaza, if not too dirty.

Users felt a sense of ownership for the plazas Public Ownership Space

ed nal azas. wners

the destination plazas, and visitor or transit riders were least likely to believe the plaza belonged to them, suggesting that the plazas share a strong identity to their local neighborhood and residents.

Is this Plaza your Plaza? !

azas have a 100% ared worth and al lue t

SPACE PUBLIC SPACE

the destination or transit rider to believe the them, suggest share a strong neighborhood

Respondents in outer-borough plazas Ownership measured by informal responded ownership was also high YES - most at a people said “this is my plaza�. higher percentage More informal ownership was felt at the neighborhood plazas than than those in Is this plaza Your plaza?

Manhattan.!

100%

YES!!

New Lots Triangle

Zion Triangle

Putnam Plaza

Corona Plaza

Flatiron Plaza

100%

Diversity Plaza

Ownership measured by formal structures of ownership and management was high for all plazas

d by ntial home d to be on 0%

75%

50%

No, not interested No, just visiting Key: Not really YES! No, not interested No, just visiting Not really YES!

Despite only 3% of all surveyed 25% saying they participated in the plaza 0% planning!

Gehl!

king Plaza

average with Borough and New York City home ownership rates.

However, for the neighborhood plazas, residential tenure in the neighborhood was high, ranging from 2-28 years for local respondents (local defined as resident who shares a home zipcode with the pand 5-26 for all respondents.

iron Plaza

care of their pt surveys do ct what people 50% icate that people rdship for them. sked how they arge piece of e majority25% said

ou ash

PUBLIC

PUBLIC

LIFE PUBLIC LIFE

75%

Meatpacking Plaza

elt n

OWNERSHIP

OWNERSHIP

in that all had either locally based formal or volunteer organizational structures for managing the plazas.

In most cases, local business owners led these structures, with some resident participation.

www.designforthejustcity.org