Midpoint Correctional Rehabilitation Centre - Capstone Project

intd 8500

midpoint

proposal to: Kathryn Lange & Robin McIntosh INTD 8500: Capstone Project Assignment 2 BCIT Burnaby

sender: Carmen Chu Final Project Booklet Interior Design Student (BID) BCIT Burnaby

CARMEN CHU interior designer / BID

request for email/phone number linkedin.com/in/carmenchudesign BCIT BACHELOR OF INTERIOR DESIGN COURSE: INTD 8500 - CAPSTONE PROJECT INSTRUCTORS: KATHRYN LANGE & ROBIN MCINTOSH

table of contents page 4

Reflecting Ceiling Plan & Lighting Analysis

Introduction

Furniture & Fixtures for Key Areas

Design Statement

Materials & Finishes

Problem Identification

Developmental Design Sketches

Design Description Demographic

page 26 page 6

Final Design

Building Analysis

Rendered Longitudinal Section

Geographic Assessment

Presentation Floor Plan

Site & Orientation Analysis

Atrium

Building Feasibility Analysis

Cafeteria & Dayroom

Building Volume Study

Learning Commons

Building Test Fit: Emily Carr North

Spiritual Room Classroom

page 12

Design Development Concept Concept Mapping

Fitness Room

page 42

Project Summary

page 45

Citations

Bubble Diagram Analysis Block Planning Preliminary Planning

In-text Citations

Study Model Analysis

List of Sources

page 3

part i: introduction & building analysis

project introduction Design Statement

Design Description

Project Significance

To redefine the way we design Correctional Centre Facilities

Losing one’s freedom is already punishment enough. Midpoint

The proposed design of this on-site rehabilitation centre will

with the focus to rehabilitate and re-educate inmates in a

focuses on rehabilitation and re-education as a method of

help inmates heal on a mental, emotional, physical, and spiritual

humane environment. Merging the healing properties of

reintegration instead of the traditional punitive methods of the

level. By providing them with the proper resources to finish their

nature with elements of healing architecture, Midpoint offers a

penitentiary system. Utilizing studies found in environmental

education and gain useful skills that can be translated into their

biophilic space for healing, education, skill training,

psychology, Midpoint improves human wellness in a humane

daily lives, it will assist in reintegrating the inmates back into

relationship building, and rehabilitation at Ford Mountain

environment through the use of healing architecture and

society upon release. Evidence-based design solutions aimed at

Correctional Centre prior to reintegration into society.

design while also achieving LEED Platinum and Passive House

healing through architecture, providing a sense of autonomy,

certification. The vision for this rehabilitation centre is to

normalcy, and place, and having access to daylighting and

rehabilitate inmates prior to release to ensure a smooth

nature will aid in providing a serene and safe place for inmates

transition of reintegration into their local communities,

to better themselves and their future. Sustainable heating and

resulting in a decrease of recidivism and an increase of self-

natural ventilation will provide adequate air and energy flow

Problem Identification According to the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC),the reason for recidivism is usually poor institutional adjustment, statutory release, and needs relating to employment and community functioning.1 At the Provincial level, the government support is severely lacking; and, paired with high turn-over rates, shorter sentencing, long waitlists for services,

confidence, independence, and renewed dignity.

Demographics Midpoint is correctional rehabilitation centre, located inside

and over-population, it’s very hard for inmates to receive the

Ford Mountain Correctional Centre, that offers transitioning

kind of support they need to reintegrate back into society.2

residents an opportunity for healing, education, job training,

With an annual government spending of 20 billion dollars on the correctional system, the solution for decreasing recidivism rates and crime should be directed at community corrections, work release, and long term supervision instead of penitentiary-based systems.3,4 It costs taxpayers more money to institutionalize an inmate compared to re-educating and rehabilitating them in a normalized environment.

and rehabilitation prior to their release. It prioritizes the importance of dynamic interactions, access to nature and daylight, autonomy, and efficacy to build self-confidence, selfcontrol, and motivation. Males of all ages who are ready to be transitioned into society and have shown good behaviour are allowed undergo the programs, therapy, and training sessions offered at Midpoint for successful reintegration back into society.

through the space for comfort and wellness. This rehabilitation house will act as the midpoint to connect the inmates with their community and society Design Strategies & Goals

Access to daylight Access to nature Sense of place Sense of autonomy & normalcy Community & social engagement Environmentally conscious

page 5

geographical assessment ANALYSIS OF CHILLIWACK, B.C.

Access to Public Transportation Chilliwack is accessible via bus throughout the city on the #1-#9, #11, #22, and #66 Express. The outskirts of where the Ford Mountain Correctional Centre lies is inaccessible by public transportation, and can only be accessed via car. There are currently 68 bike routes in Chilliwack that are uploaded online that can be found via MapMyRide.6

Chilliwack, B.C.

Chilliwack, B.C. Chilliwack, B.C. is a rural environment surrounding by natural infrastructures, located 100km east of Vancouver. The community has an approximate population of 91,000 people and people choose to live in Chilliwack due to low tax rates and affording housing costs.5 The surrounding natural infrastructures also add value to the quality of life.5

Amenities

Zoning Map for Chilliwack, B.C.

Recreational amenities, such as parks, trails, aquatic centres, arenas,

Zoning

museums, skate and bike parks, spray parks, a libraray, leisure

Chilliwack is mainly Agriculture Reserve Land (Hatch &

centres, a community centre, arts and culture centres, and dog

Orange) and Residential (Yellow). There are a few

parks can be found in Chilliwack.5 Chilliwack also has a Curling in their community centre for family-orientated fun and games.5

BC Translink Map for Chilliwack, B.C.

Commercial (Pink) and Institutional (Blue) buildings, and very little Industrial (Purple) buildings.

page 6

site analysis: location & character FORD MOUNTAIN CORRECTIONAL CENTRE

Ford Mountain Correctional Centre

Location

Surrounding Scenery:

Located on-site the Ford Mountain Correctional Centre, a male medium-secure facility in the mountainous region just off of Chiliwack, B.C., Midpoint Rehabilitation Centre is encompassed by vast amounts of vegetation, snowy mountains, and limitless blue skies. The secluded area in nature offers feelings of stillness and peace that is conducive of rehabilitation and spiritual healing for a smooth reintegration.

The surrounding scenery comprises of panoramic mountain views from the northeast, southeast, and southwest sides of the facility. Towards the northwest corner is the famous Bridal Falls. The facility sits inside dense vegetation of forestry with the Chilliwack River gushing from the north. The natural infrastructure of this site is important to the environmental psychology of the inmates’ and their healing because it influences environmental positive impacts such as, increased cognitive function, memory, attention, creativity, inspiration, imagination, and decreases cortisol levels, stress, depression, and anxiety.7

Rationale for Location Change: Originally, the proposed site was Williams Head Institute; however, after much extensive research, it was realized that there was more of a need for support on the Provincial level rather than at the Federal level. FMCC was picked for its abundance in natural surrounding landscape.

Accessibility & Transport Satellite View of FMCC Site

Site Characteristic The site is characterized as rustic, mimicking the rusticOutdoor Group Therapy Pagoda at FMCC ness of regional public parks. Colours of blue and green have a calming effect which will help with preventing violence, overstimulation, and aggression. The outdoor recreational space has areas of recluse and seating for socialization. The pathways are reminiscent of the windy paths often found in parks, adding interest and influencing physical fitness through the meandering paths. The site has traces of Aboriginal influences as it is on Agricultural Reserve Land. Cedar wood and totem poles are also present on the site, paying homage to the land that it sits on and the over-representation of Aboriginals in prison.

Midpoint will follow these design techniques as well.

FMCC Outdoor Socialization Area Directions to FMCC

Located just off of the city of Chiliwack, B.C., Midpoint Rehabilitation Centre is encompassed by vast amounts of vegetation, snowy mountains, and limitless blue skies. The secluded area in nature offers feelings of stillness and peace that is conducive of rehabilitation and spiritual healing for a smooth reintegration.

RATIONALE: The rehabilitation centre will provide inmates with workforce training and education in cooking, gardening, landscaping, computer training, and offer multipurpose spaces for art, music, and other kinds of meaningful work opportunities that complement existing work programs. This centre will help inmates learn new skills and help prepare them to reintegrate back into the workforce.

page 7

site analysis: orientation & zoning FORD MOUNTAIN CORRECTIONAL CENTRE Daylight & Orientation:

RESIDENTIAL BLOCKS (N.I.C.)

PROPOSED BUILDING

Annual Solar Path of FMCC Site

RESIDENTIAL BLOCKS (N.I.C.)

PROPOSED BUILDING

The building is adjusted for the entry way faces the northwest to take advantage of the natural landscape and the soothing sounds of the river flowing through. The east facing courtyard takes advantage of the rising sun, and the south facing social areas will take advantage of the natural daylight all year round. The northern wing will have great even lighting; therefore, the classrooms, work areas, and quiet spaces will be allocated to take advantage of the even lighting. The surrounding trees on the northern end also provides a sense of privacy, recluse, and acoustic buffering of noises. Horizontal solar shading will be applied to the southern end to control heat gain for sustainability accreditation. The Map & Zoning of FMCC orientation of the building also takes advantage of the views of Williams Peak, Mt. Lindeman, Bridal Falls, and Welch Peak.

Electoral Area: E Address: 57657 Chilliwack Lake Rd. PID: 023-064-803 Wind Paths Lot Size: 41.191 acres Zoning: L-2 Institutional The wind coming travels northward toward the site; therefore, Occupancy: Institutional (I) although the building will get a lot of sun from the south side all Current Use: Correctional Facility year round, there will be ample amounts of wind and breeze in Land: Agricultural Land Reserve; that area. Due to this, classrooms, quiet spaces, offices, and work Soil Class 4 (Restricts range of crops areas should be located in the north to take advantage of the or requires special management to even lighting and temperatures. There are no surrounding produce range of crops due to infrastructures nearby, ensuring that wind is not trapped in climate and topography between the buildings, causing wind tunnels in the space. The Building By-Law No.: 1115, 2011 winds travelling through are at a speed of 3mph and Development Permit Areas: 5-E approximately 39-degrees in Fahrenheit. Natural ventilation will Riparian Areas: must be 30m away reduce the need for energy to be used for heating and cooling from any watercourse to ensure while also improving occupant comfort in the space. protection of biodiversity, Underground ducts for displacement ventilation will be installed ecosystem, and natural for heating of the building up to 6’-0” H.8 environment

Property Map and Zoning of FMCC Adjacent Zoning & Land: North: Institutional (L-2); Chilliwack River (Crown Land) East: Institutional (L-2); Crown Land West: Institutional (L-2); Crown Land South: Institutional (L-2); Crown Land Floodplain: Required to follow Fraser Valley Regional District Floodplain Management Bylaw 0681, 2005.

Flood Construction Level: 3.0m above the Natural Boundary of Chilliwack River Floodplain Setback: 30m from the Natural Boundary of Chilliwack River

Wind Path at FMCC - Satellite View

page 8

building analysis VERTICAL CIRCULATION ANALYSIS: 2 stairways leading to second floor; double height areas are open & spacious for studio & art spaces; 2 elevators; and 1 open mezzanine

opportunities of daylighting. Therefore, I would like to propose windows along the perimeter to ensure the maximum amount

LEED Platinum, WELL Platinum, Passive Haus Certified

of daylight seeps into the interior spaces for human wellness

The aesthetics of the building is very industrial. The corrugated metal exterior matches the facade of the buildings on Ford Mountain Correctional Centre. The various roof lines offers skylights and opportunities for maximum daylighting to penetrate

BUILDING: Emily Carr University North Building (E)

into the building interior. Industrial, shed-like windows offer

LOCATION: 520 E 1st Ave, Vancouver, BC V5T 1A7 Canada

opportunities for views to outdoors.

ARCHITECT: DA Architects & Altus Group

The building seems to lack sufficient amounts of windows for

SUSTAINABLE CERTIFICATIONS:

AESTHETICS FOR BUILDING EXTERIOR:

Emily Carr University Building - North Building

Access to Daylighting:

and energy savings. Sunlight energy via solar tubing will also be collected to heat up the building. The saw-tooth roof is an opportunity for letting in natural daylighting.

Access to Nature: Due to its U-shape, if permitted to add windows for daylight, that will also connect the spaces with the outdoor nature. The interior courtyard will act as a central hub for social areas, such as dining room/day room and classroom areas to come

RATIONALE

together to learn and interact in the natural environment.

BUILDING SIZE: 18,650 SF per floor

The Denning House building was not used because it lacked the

Green Roof

CONSTRUCTION: Non-combustible

opportunity for a centralized courtyard space. Lots of different

To further the benefits of natural infrastructure, a green roof will

CONSTRUCTION TYPE: Wood Frame; Wood Columns

functional areas are also required, and its circular shape did not

be installed on the flat roofs to assist with the natural cooling of

STRUCTURAL GRID TYPE:

give way for the programmed spaces to fit properly. Due to its

the building and provide a habitat for the surrounding

circular shape, zoning was an issue for acoustic separation.

ecosystems. The natural vegetation can be accessed outdoors

NUMBER OF STORIES: 2-Storey

Column Size: 12” x 12” Number of Columns: 60 interior; 30 exterior OCCUPANCY TYPE: Group A, Division 2 CLASSIFICATION: Assembly OCCUPANT CAPACITY: 517 maximum building capacity 125 housed tenants; 45 staff members9 * Proposing use of first floor and partial use of second floor*

This building consists of a U-shaped, large outdoor space that can be used as an outdoor courtyard for socialization, self-reflection,

for users to enjoy on the rooftop terrace, furthering the psychological benefits of Biophilia and well-being.

and interactions with nature for psychological well-being. The

Water & Ventilation

outdoor natural environment will help reduce stress and cortisol

Stormwater will be collected to be filtered and re-used on-site

levels of inmates, which will result in a reduction of violence and

and natural ventilation of stack effect will be utilized to cool the

aggression. By providing a space with design considerations that

building. Water collection will prevent erosion of the soil as it is

are aimed at therapeutic wellness, concentration and learning,

on Class 4 soil, and preserve the Agricultural Reserve Land that

inmates will not fall into mental illnesses or drug abuse due to

it sits on.

imprisonment upon release.

page 9

building volume study South Elevation

Vertical Volume: The building will use the ground floor for most public spaces and a partial portion of the second floor for private staff spaces. Due to the large building volume, vertical components, such as a mezzanine and stadium seating are applied to added to add interest and play with varying perspective sight lines inspired by the vertical masses of trees found in nature.

Skylight North Elevation

The original building has skylights on the ends of the sawtooth roofs. This allows for daylight to penetrate inwards. An additional skylight will be added to the ridge of the gable roof to flood dappled, natural daylighting into the lobby area.

Centralized Outdoor Area The U-shape building offers an opportunity for a courtyard to be the central hub that brings together all the spaces and the residents within. The staff and residents can come together to enjoy nature and socialize with one another in a dynamic surrounding, conducive for rehabilitation.

Building Axonometric View

page 10

schematic building test fit EMILY CARR NORTH BUILDING North Elevation PLANNING RATIONALE

Transparency

Zoning

The interior spaces connect with the exterior environment via

Acoustical control and the autonomy to choose one's environment is very important for occupant comfort and rehabilitation; therefore, the spaces are organized with by separating the social, loud areas on one wing of the building and quiet, contemplative areas on the other wing of the building. Both zones are connected with an outdoor courtyard to provide a centralized view of nature from all sight lines within the facility. Full transparency via large windows allow for users to be connected to the outdoors from all areas throughout the facility to maximize on the healing benefits of nature.

Versatility The classroom, multipurpose room, and spiritual room are adjacent of each other and open up to one another to provide versatility of use for the space. This allows the facility to be adaptive for various functions and needs.

Millwork is kept at a minimum in these areas to ensure the functional fluidity throughout time.

Security

Test Fit Schematic Bubbles

walls of windows. This will allow for the residents to experience and interact with nature and absorb all it’s psychological healing benefits even while inside the space. The views to the exterior will also give residents a sense of place and time throughout the day which will help with ensuring proper circadian rhythms and a sense of autonomy and normalcy in their daily lives. The transparent views to the outdoors provides a free, open atmosphere and spaciousness that is conducive for healing and rehabilitation through architecture.

Normalcy & Routine The layout of the space divides the classrooms and vocational training from the social areas, such as the Dayroom and the Cafeteria. This allows residents to circulate through the space and have a sense of routine and normalcy as they go from class and work areas to socialization areas. There are also areas of recluse and solitude, such as the Quiet Flex and the Meditation Pods for inmates to enjoy by themselves.

Outdoor Access for Learning Studios Outdoor access with seating outside of classrooms and vocational training studios will provide the opportunity to

Open security is placed throughout to ensure the safety of

interact with nature and provide an indoor-outdoor learning

all tenants and staff, while also providing counsel and

environment.20 The surrounding greenery will also provide

support to the tenants. This allows for a non-hostile

shade for the occupants as they sit outside in the sun while also

environment to promote dynamic, social interactions.

allowing them to absorb the psychological effects of Biophilia.

page 11

part ii: design development

concept statement Blending itself with the natural surrounding landscape, Midpoint Rehabilitation Centre draws inspiration from the healing experience of a journey through the wilderness.

Dappled light seeps through multi-layered tree top canopies and warms the soft, earthen floor. Rustling leaves break gently with the wind and travel effortlessly along the meandering path as it dances to the melody of Life. Tall, vertical tree trunks push the focus upwards towards the crisp, vast open sky, invoking a sense of awe and wonder at its juxtaposition between density and broadness. Soft, delicate organisms grow wildly through the rigid sturdiness of tree trunks and branches, creating an interdependent ecosystem for all surrounding life forms. Similar to taking a walk through Nature, the personal journey of rehabilitation requires one to step away from their current Life and the narrative that they know, and venture through the spiritual and mental wilderness to emerge with a newly gained perspective. At the very end of that transformative tunnel lies a satisfying feeling of rebirth, contentment, and clarity.

Natural elements inspired from the wilderness merges effortlessly with the exterior landscape. The warmth of the sun dapple through the space in a golden glow. Textured, organic forms contrast with the structural rigidness of the facility in a harmonious dialogue between strength and softness. A tapestry of sounds, such as the wind blowing, leaves rustling, distant voices, and the chirping of birds, encourage mindfulness and immerses the senses with the natural wilderness. The repetition of vertical lines and forms mimic the contrast between the density of trees and one’s inner journey with the broad open skies of growth and possibilities.

The interconnected spaces offer views to the central courtyard to allow tenants to connect with nature and its healing properties from every room and major circulation paths. Open social areas allow for organic and dynamic social interactions amongst peers. Curvilinear lines and organic forms contrast with the existing building’s rectilinear form, providing sense of softness and flow against the stark, brutal canvas. Continuous movement throughout the space mimics the organic flow and branching of trees with views towards nature. Varying ceiling heights are layered with greenery to offer different vertical sight lines of perspectives. The large windows and white walls of the facility bounce daylight through the facility, transforming the light levels throughout the day. With neutral, earthy flooring underfoot, large views towards nature, and pops of interior greenscapes throughout, the facility blurs the boundaries between nature and human life.

page 13

concept mapping CONCEPT MAPPING

QUALITIES OF THE SPACE

Journey Through the Wilderness Midpoint utilizes the healing properties of nature with inspirations drawn from a journey through the wilderness. In one’s journey through the wilderness, it translates the physical journey with the personal journey towards rehabilitation in four key concepts which are applied to the designing of the space.

AUTONOMY A normative setting is provided to give users a sense of autonomy and control over their environment. Varying levels of environmental stimulation and areas of retreat are offered to fit all user needs. A sense of symmetry and predictability within the space allows for users to feel secure and trusting of their environment.

The liberty to choose one's stimulation level and engagement with the surrounding space gives users a sense of freedom, dignity, and respect.

CONNECTION The spaces are all interconnected and flow organically with one another. They are connected with a centralized outdoor courtyard to offer interactions with nature.

Transparent views towards the outdoor landscape also give users a sense of connection to nature and maximizes on its restorative properties.

MOVEMENT THROUGH SPACE

TRANSFORMATION

CIRUCLAR

A rehabilitative journey, like a journey through the wilderness, is a transformative experience for growth, rebirth, and the gaining different perspectives.

Juxtapositions of textures and vertical volume offering various perspective sight lines will be utilized to mimic this aspect of transformation through the senses.

ORGANIC FLOW

ECOSYSTEM

INTERCONNECTED

BRANCHING

SPATIAL ANALYSIS

QUALITIES

INSPIRATION

RESULT

A biodiverse ecosystem is achieved to encourage unity, harmony, and interconnectedness within the space and its users. The natural world, much like society, is integrated and interdependent on one another and relies on each other’s teamwork to thrive. The dynamic interactions with people and nature, and the possibilities for collaboration of functions and spaces allow users to develop themselves for successful reintegration.

page 14

bubble diagrams GROUND FLOOR BUBBLE DIAGRAM

SECOND FLOOR BUBBLE DIAGRAM

SENSORY LEGEND HIGH ACOUSTIC (50-60 STC) MEDIUM ACOUSTIC (40-45 STC) PATH OF CIRCULATION VIEWS TO NATURE ACCESS TO DAYLIGHT ADJACENCY ZONING LEGEND N.I.C. SPACES SOCIAL PUBLIC SPACES

GROUND FLOOR SENSORY BUBBLE DIAGRAM

SECOND FLOOR SENSORY BUBBLE DIAGRAM

QUIET PUBLIC SPACES SUPPORT SPACES PRIVATE STAFF SPACES UTILITY SPACES

page 15

block plan & sightline analysis

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Sightline Analysis The sight line analysis diagram illustrates the view points of a tenant from every angle of the interior spaces.

This was to study the transparency and interconnectedness of views through spaces. By doing so, I can propose areas where landscaping is required to maximize on nature's healing properties and merge the building with the exterior environment.

Block Planning: This was inspired by the sensory experiences that are gathered from journeying through the wilderness: dappled sunlight from the treetops translating into penetrating daylight via skylights; vertical masses and varying heights of surrounding trees translates to vertical spatial zoning to maximize volume; open air and spacious feeling translated in transparent walls and windows with views towards the outdoors; calming sounds of the wind rustling the leaves and distant voices translating to the acoustic spatial separation of differing functional spaces; and, organic, meandering pathway of the forest trail translating to the interconnected flow of circulation leading to nature in every direction.

Several versions of the block planning were done to with acoustical considerations, spatial zoning, function, and ability to maximize on views to nature in mind. From the beginning, it was realized that education spaces and social spaces should both have direct access to nature and daylight, but be acoustically separated. The opportunity for adaptive spaces was also a concern; therefore, the classroom, multipurpose room, and spiritual room had to be adjacent to one another to have the ability to open up to one another for various uses and functions. Staff areas were located upstairs for privacy and restricted access. The culinary vocational training had switched with the work out area to maximize on functional agency with the training kitchen, servery, cafeteria, and public store and gallery.

page 16

preliminary plan & ideation GROUND FLOOR

DAYLIGHTING SOLUTION

MEZZANINE STUDY & IDEATION

PLATFORM & FEATURE STAIRS

PANORAMIC COURTYARD VIEWS

MEZZANINE FORM IDEATIONS

SECOND FLOOR Preliminary Plan Further development was done to generate the preliminary plans. Doors, built-in millwork, circulation, furniture, and windows were added to study the functional spaces throughout the facility and its relationship to the concept. At this stage, the things that worked well were the overall spatial zoning and organization of the facility to accommodate access to nature and daylight, social interactions, areas of retreat, and acoustical control.

Adjustments: Upon review during our second design mentor meeting, James Krueger informed me that a gender neutral washroom in a correctional facility is not very realistic. Instead, the large washroom was converted into a male-specific washroom, shower, and change room for the use of the fitness studio. The staff area had their own gender specific washrooms instead. The fitness studio was moved to a second level to accommodate the male-specific washroom, lockers, change rooms, and showers for the fitness studio. The learning commons was developed further to implement more organic and curvilinear forms inspired by the concept and the hall of utility spaces was flipped to the southern portion of the facility, away from the main areas.

page 17

paper study model Two paper models were made to study the volume and rooflines of the building and functional spaces. In doing so, conceptual ideas were solidified and some functional planning were readjusted to open up the space.

Access to Daylight The skylights from the rooftop penetrates daylight into the space, shining a Light of Hope into the facility. As sunlight penetrates through the space, it mimics the dappling effect of the sun’s rays through canopies of treetops. The surrounding wood elements add warmth to the facility, while also directing the eyes towards the light with its tall, vertical mass reminiscent of surrounding trees in the wilderness. This is symbolic of the upward gaze towards hope, spiritual growth, and reformation.

Transformative Vertical Masses The organic, curvilinear forms of the space and its feature stairs represents the non-linear way that journey of personal rehabilitation is travelled. Rehabilitation is an uphill battle where a new perspective is gained at the top. This is metaphorically represented in the curvilinear staircase towards the mezzanine that offers a different perspective sight line of the space. The varying steps and stops to reach the mezzanine is metaphorically representative of the steps and obstacles that are encountered through the journey of growth and self reflection towards rehabilitation.

Connection Spatial organization and transparent walls open the space towards each other and merge it with the central courtyard. The organic shapes and forms that are inspired from the exterior environment makes the facility look less institutional. This provides users with a normative, and natural environment instead of a hostile one. The flow of circulation, spatial openness, and connection to one another encourages dynamic, social interactions commonly found in a normal, daily environment.

Adjustments: The elevator located at the mezzanine was changed to be hidden away, so that it does not look like a protruding block coming out of the wall adjacent to a sloped ceiling line. The vestibule was moved and widened to open up the space more. A feature wall was added to liven it and merge the natural aesthetics with the adjacent views of outdoor courtyard.

page 18

reflected ceiling plan: lighting & ceiling height LIGHTING LEGEND

GROUND FLOOR

GROUND FLOOR

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AMBIENT; 1:1; 3000K ACCENT; 5:1; 3000K TASK; 3:1; 3500K OUTDOOR; 2:1; 4000K DAYLIGHT; 5000-6500K CEILING LEGEND SLOPED FLAT

page 19

key furniture & fixture pieces

Furniture The furniture pieces were chosen for their performance, their curvilinear lines and shapes, and their organic form. Natural wood tones with pops of greens, oranges, and yellows give off a cheerful atmosphere. The colour ways are inspired by the golden rays of the sun peeking through the trees in the wilderness. The juxtaposition of the soft and hard textures mirrors the same contrast found in the natural landscape. The minimalistic details ensure that the furniture pieces do not take away from the focus of the room: to merge with the outdoor natural landscape.

Lighting Fixtures The lighting fixtures chosen are all anti-ligature and suitable for institutional, educational, correctional, and behavioural health use. Most of the lighting in the facility is ambient linear lights from the exposed, sloped, wooden ceilings. To support light fill at eye level, scones are added to the walls to ensure the safety and way finding of the space. There is not much contrast in accent lighting for security issues. Accent pendant lighting is found in the spiritual room to give a sense of transcendence to the space.

page 20

materials & finishes KEY PLANS

1. PUBLIC SPACES

2. EDUCATION & REHABILITATION Materials

1.

The base building materials of the facility will accentuate the building’s wood frame construction to merge the aesthetics with the natural world. Sustainable mass timber wood pays homage to the Aboriginal culture of the land while symbolizing the vertical columns of forestry found in the wilderness. Wood naturally cleans the air around it which will ensure good indoor air quality for the residents using the space. This will also reduce the carbon footprint of the building and help towards gaining sustainability certifications.

2.

3.

3. ADMIN. SPACES

4.

4. TRAINING, AMENITIES, & UTILITIES SPACES

Homogenous sheet flooring is used extensively throughout the facility. The texture pattern and colours were chosen because of their granular look which is reminiscent of small stones and pebbles found on the meandering paths of a forest trail. The contrast of soft versus hard textures, and colour versus neutrality is inspired by the contrasting textures and colours found in the wilderness. Pops of orange are sporadically layered throughout to add life to the space, like blossoms and berries found in wild vegetation. All materials are of high performance suitable for behavioural health, healthcare, education, institution, and correctional uses.

page 21

design development sketches ANNUAL INTEREST

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page 25

part iii: final design

longitudinal building section BALCONY WALKWAY

SPIRITUAL ROOM

MULTIPURPOSE ROOM

CLASSROOM

MEZZANINE

CENTRAL ATRIUM

RAISED PLATFORM

OPEN SEATING AREA

page 27

presentation plan: first floor 1

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page 28

design rationale 1

SECURE VESTIBULE & SALLYPORT

6

• Secure access in and out of facility monitored by correctional officer at Reception 2

RECEPTION/INFORMATION

3

7

• Open workstations to encourage open, dynamic social interactions

• Connected views to exterior natural landscape

• Keeps place secure, but acts as a counsellor first and officer second

• Organic, curvilinear shelving creates flow and movement in space

OUTDOOR COURTYARD

• Nesting areas for sitting encourages a sense of play 12

QUIET LOUNGE & MEDITATION PODS

• Centralized hub for socialization between users

• Connected views to outdoor landscape

STADIUM PLATFORM SEATING

• Offers views of nature to surrounding spaces for biophilia & healing

• Softer textures and seating for comfort and lower stimulation

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• Access to Herb Gardens for Horticulture related to Culinary

• Curvilinear, organic form and shape for nature-inspired aesthetic

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CLASSROOM & MULTIPURPOSE ROOM

• Located in far end of facility for privacy 14

• Connected views to exterior natural landscape

• Curvilinear, organic forms and shapes for nature-inspired aesthetic • Open seating to encourage social interactions and engagement 10

COUNSELLOR OFFICES • Connected views to outdoor landscape

• Prepared and cooked meals are placed in public store for sale

• Connected views to exterior natural landscape

• Indoor plants and tree to further biophilic feeling

• Connected to meditation pods outdoors for self healing

• Connected views to outdoor landscape

• Flow of lines resembles flow of a journey, guidance, and pathway OPEN SEATING AREA

CULINARY LAB & TRAINING KITCHEN • Most employable skill trained in facilities

• Connected views to the outdoor courtyard for biophilia

5

LEARNING COMMONS

• Open area to facilitate open, social, dynamic interactions

• 3’-0” A.F.F. platform with 18”H stadium seating for open social interactions

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• Open work space develops sense of trust within facility between staff and residents

• Face of facility; must look inviting • Used for security and information service

CORRECTIONAL OFFICER WORK STATION

FOOD STORE & ART GALLERY

• Place for social interactions and collaboration

• Space for residents to sell culinary goods made in facility and artwork

• Opens up to one another and with Spiritual Room

• Encourages good behaviour and incentive

SPIRITUAL ROOM

• Promotes self confidence and sense of achievement and pride

CAFETERIA/DAYROOM

• Connected views to exterior natural landscape

• Connected views to exterior natural landscape

• Accent pendant lights for transcendent feeling

• Place for social interactions, engagement, fun, and pleasure

• Backlit millwork representative of a starry night sky in the wilderness

• Organic form of millwork dining bar and bench mimics that of nature and provides fluidity to the space

• Non-impressionable religion/worship allows inclusiveness for all

• Connected views to outdoor landscape • Biophilic seating area for socialization and relaxation 15

FIRST AID ROOM • Located at far end of facility for privacy concerns

page 29

presentation plan: second floor

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page 30

design rationale 1

MEZZANINE

• Connected views to exterior natural landscape

• Curvilinear, organic form found in nature

• Private place for social interactions, engagement, retreat, and recharge

• Connected views to outdoor natural landscape

• Circular pathways mimics meandering pathways of journeying through the wilderness 6

MEETING ROOM

• Access to daylight from skylights above

• Panoramic views towards outdoor nature to ensure health and well-being of staff

FITNESS STUDIO

• Access to daylight via windows

• Panoramic views towards nature

7

• Access to outdoor exercise yard via exterior staircase nearby

MANAGER & SUPERVISOR OFFICES • View towards outdoors nature to ensure health and well-being of staff

• Located off to one end of building for acoustical control

3

STAFF PATIO & GREEN ROOF GARDEN

• Offers different perspectives of space and outdoor environment

• Direct access to Outdoor Balcony which overlooks Central Courtyard

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CENTRAL SECURITY & CONTROL

• Correctional officer stationed for security

• Borrowed daylighting from Ground Floor double height windows

• Can be viewed in main lobby space to attract intrigue and interest, and promote physical health

• Borrowed views of nature from Ground Floor double height windows

OUTDOOR BALCONY • Overlooks Central Courtyard • Offers different perspectives of sight lines

• Panoramic borrowed views of nature for staff health and well-being • Direct view of social resident areas for security purposes • Controls access in and out of rooms and zonings via key card approval and surveillance

• Access to outdoor nature • More recluse than being on the social, ground level of Central Courtyard 4

STAFF BREAK ROOM • Connected views to exterior natural landscape • Minimalistic aesthetics offer relaxation by lowering stimulation • Views and access to green roof garden provides biophilic, healing benefits

page 31

entrance lobby

RECEPTION/SECURITY The reception and security controls the incoming and outgoing traffic of Midpoint Rehabilitation Centre. Two correctional officers are always stationed at the reception and information desk to monitor security and provide information and guidance to the residents of the facility.

To ensure a welcoming atmosphere, the space is open to encourage social interactions between staff and residents. Vast views of the surrounding exterior landscape connects the space from the inside out. The central atrium and lobby utilizes wood textures to add warmth into the space and make it feel less institutional. Daylighting from the skylights above dapples into the space in a warm glow and transforms the space throughout the day. The stadium stairs across from the reception allows for users to have sit, socialize, and admire the views outdoors.

The area also acts as a central plaza for meeting and greeting one another.

page 29

page 29

CENTRAL ATRIUM STAIRCASE The central atrium is featured with a curvilinear staircase of wood and transparent glass. The swooping motion and form creates movement and draws the eyes upwards towards the linear wood grille ceilings and natural daylight above. A stadium platform allows users a slight break before winding up the staircase onto the mezzanine. The curved form of the staircase offers different perspectives of sight lines as one moves through it. The multiple stops along the way to the top of the mezzanine is reminiscent of the curvilinear path and obstacles one faces in journeying through nature and journeying through personal rehabilitation. Although not linear, achieving the goal of reaching the top provides new outlooks and perspectives, rewarding the person with a sense of accomplishment and confidence.

page 35

cafeteria & dayroom

CAFETERIA/DAYROOM Biophilia is provided in the central dining and dayroom area with direct access and views to the Central Courtyard. The seating arrangements are arranged in a way to maximize on the views out towards nature to merge the interior with the exterior and reap in all the healing benefits of nature. Sloped, wood-like ceiling grills offer wireless sight lines towards the ceiling, mimicking the natural wooden branches and trees in the wilderness. The curvilinear lines and forms of the central dining area creates an organic interest while also playing with curiosity as it switches from a countertop dining table to to an upholstered banquet bench.

learning commons

LEARNING COMMONS The learning commons is inspired by the flow of plants and trees as they grow wildly in the forest. The forms of the trees, like the shelving, guides the movement through the environment.

Areas of retreat are like hidden gems found in nature and is replicated in the tucked-away seating that is built into the millwork. Views towards the exterior landscape allows users to sit by the window inside while also interacting with nature. Sliding glass doors open the entire space up towards the opposing classroom and multipurpose room, borrowing daylight and views towards nature from those rooms and offering opportunities of collaboration and functions intertwined between the spaces.

page 29

classroom

spiritual room

fitness studio

CLASSROOM The Classroom has views of the Central Courtyard and direct access to the outdoors.

This allows versatility with the spaces and offers opportunities for classes to be held outdoors on a warm, sunny day. Double height ceilings maximizes the daylight coming in from the double height windows and offers a sense of transparency through the two wings of the building. When classes are not being held, it can be used for other multipurpose uses, or for larger functions as it can open up to the Multipurpose Room and Spiritual Room.

SPIRITUAL ROOM The Spiritual Room has direct access and a panoramic views towards the outdoors. It The vast windows allows daylight to trickle in to light up the space, and the skylight above provides daylight that makes the space seem more holy. Due to the fact that there are no specific religious entities displayed, a double height wooden wall with soft LED lights inside behind the front panel lights it up to resemble the calming stars in the sky. This is to encourage feelings of spiritual connection and mindfulness when one is in this space. When it is not in use, it can easily be transformed into another multipurpose room for various functions, and it has the ability to open up into the adjacent rooms for larger functions.

FITNESS STUDIO The Fitness Studio is placed on the second floor to offer a higher, elevated view of the outdoors. It is separated from other areas to be acoustically considerate of other spaces. Transparency from the central lobby encourages interest and curiosity of this space; therefore, it will help promote the desire for physical activity. It is also slightly visible from the Public Store and Gallery where other inmates can observe and become curious about what Midpoint Rehabilitation has to offer. This will hopefully encourage good behaviour throughout the entire facility for the opportunity to access Midpoint.

page 41

part iv: summary

summary The traditional prison environment lacks the rehabilitative and educational facilities to truly make a difference in the lives of inmates, especially in the Provincial level. The traditional cement environment is not conducive of helping inmates better themselves, or helping our society decrease its numbers of criminal activity.

Midpoint Rehabilitation Centre aims to resolve this issue by offering education and rehabilitation to support the healing and betterment of the users. With evidence and aspects backed by environmental psychology and healing architecture, the rehabilitation centre will use design initiatives, such as providing access to daylight, nature, and the outdoor environment; promoting dignity and self-confidence in the inmates; instilling dynamic security to encourage spontaneous social interactions; provide areas of privacy and recluse for self-reflection and contemplation; encourage normalcy and routine in the set up of the buildings and programs; promote independence; and create a free and open atmosphere for inmates to better themselves prior to reintegration.

The concept and design development of the space pulls inspiration from the experience of journeying through the wilderness and links it with the personal journey of rehabilitation for the residents. Much like a journey through the wilderness, Midpoint helps its residents establish a sense of autonomy in their environment, promote connections with the natural environment and with each other, inspire transformative perspectives and outlooks on life and themselves, and creates an interdependent ecosystem for residents to thrive in and prepare them for successful reintegration back into society.

Utilizing the elements of Healing Architecture, curvilinear lines and forms, organic flow and movement, transparency, varying vertical sight lines, access to nature and daylight, repetition and symmetry are some of the design elements to help aid residents progress in their personal journey of healing. education, and rehabilitation.

page 43

intd 8500

midpoint

proposal to: Kathryn Lange & Robin McIntosh INTD 8500: Capstone Project Assignment 2 BCIT Burnaby

sender: Carmen Chu A00924525 Interior Design Student (BID) BCIT Burnaby

citations In-Text References [1] Government of Canada (2012, December 1). Correctional Service of Canada. https://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/.

[2] Cody Civiero, 2020 [video call interview] [3] White, P. (2019, April 26). Canada’s investment in prison system isn’t bringing results, watchdog reports. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-canadas-investment-in-prison-system-model-isntbringing-results/ [4] Financial facts on Canadian prisons. (2019, July 11). The John Howard Society of Canada. https://johnhoward.ca/blog/financial-facts-canadian-prisons/ 5] City of Chilliwack (2020). https://www.chilliwack.com/main/home.cfm [6] Chilliwack Cycling Trails. (2020). https://www.mapmyride.com/ca/chilliwack-british-columbia/ [7] Cooper Marcus, C. (2018). 15—Therapeutic Landscapes. In A. S. Devlin (Ed.), Environmental Psychology and Human Well-Being (pp. 387–413). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811481-0.00015-9 [8] James Krueger, 2020 [video call interview] [9] Correctional Officer of FMCC, 2020 [impromptu phone call]

page 45

citations Interviews Cho, H. (2020, Oct. 17). Personal interview [Video call interview].

Civiero, C. (2020, Oct. 14). Personal interview [Video call interview].

James Krueger, 2020 [video call interview]

McCunn, L. (2020, Oct. 19). Personal interview [Phone call interview].

Correctional Officer of FMCC, 2020 [impromptu phone call]

Book References: Cooper Marcus, C. (2018). 15—Therapeutic Landscapes. In A. S. Devlin (Ed.), Environmental Psychology and Human Well-Being (pp. 387–413). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811481-0.00015-9

Van Voorhis, P., & Salisbury, E. J. (2014). Chapter 1—The Process of Correctional Counseling and Treatment∗∗Correctional Counseling and RehabilitationChapter 1 by Michael Braswell and Jennifer Mongold.Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. In P. Van Voorhis & E. J. Salisbury (Eds.), Correctional Counseling and Rehabilitation (Eighth Edition) (pp. 3–23). Anderson Publishing, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4557-3008-7.00001-5

page 46

citations Peer-Reviewed Articles:

Benko, J. (2015, March 26). The Radical Humaneness of Norway’s Halden Prison. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/29/magazine/the-radical-humaneness-of-norways-halden-prison.html

Bratman, G. N., Anderson, C. B., Berman, M. G., Cochran, B., de Vries, S., Flanders, J., Folke, C., Frumkin, H., Gross, J. J., Hartig, T., Kahn, P. H., Kuo, M., Lawler, J. J., Levin, P. S., Lindahl, T., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Mitchell, R., Ouyang, Z., Roe, J., Daily, G. C. (2019). Nature and mental health: An ecosystem service perspective. Science Advances, 5(7). https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/advances/5/7/eaax0903.full.pdf Fröst, P., Tan, L., & Karlsson, S. (2018). ARK263-Future Visions for Healthcare, Housing & Work Healthcare Architecture, MPARC Autumn 2018. 31. https://www.chalmers.se/SiteCollectionDocuments/Centrum/CVA%20Centrum%20för%20Vårdens%20Arkitektur/utbildning/hc-ht-18/ Team%203_Jörlén%2C%20Bladin%2C%20Wei%20ARK263.pdf Garman, G., Weijts, W., Douw, F., Keukens, R., Liausedas, A., & van Voren, R. (2020). Reforming prison mental health services in Ukraine. Forensic Science International: Mind and Law, 1, 100011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsiml. 2020.100011

Wallace, D., & Wang, X. (2020). Does in-prison physical and mental health impact recidivism? SSM - Population Health, 11, 100569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100569

What Should a Prison Sound Like? (1995). Texas Architect, 72, 76. http://www.jeacoustics.com/library/TxArch_Jan95_Prisons.pdf Wei, X., Järlen, H., & Bladin, F. (2018). Västervik Psychiatry: Green-in-Between. Chalmers, 10(5). https://www.chalmers.se/SiteCollectionDocuments/Centrum/ CVA%20Centrum%20f%C3%B6r%20V%C3%A5rdens%20Arkitektur/utbildning/hc-ht-18/Team%203_J%C3%B6rl%C3%A9n%2C%20Bladin%2C%20Wei%20ARK263.pdf.

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