Revista digital ingles grupo 4

Architectural Styles Architects-Design-Art

Discover the most important and prominent styles of modern architecture and its most representative works

Editorial This is the first edition of the magazine styles of architecture, which aims to please all who are suckling architecture need a new tool that entertain and the report of the history and evolution of this science.

In this first edition we will discuss several major architectural styles that fill and what are its characteristics and its leading exponents. you could check with the beautiful and impressive images that can become some of the ideas that were in their minds these architects and creative impact and inspiration that occur in the public and those who love architecture

Content Desconstuctivist architecture

Minimalist architecture Organic architecture

High-tech Architecture

Directory • Director (CEO): Carlos Acosta • Managing director: Carla Escobar • Editors: Manuel Rojas Gabriel Fuentes • Head of photography: Carlos Acosta

minimalist architecture

In large part, due to the interest and the joint collaboration of some well-known fashion designers and some architects, especially in London and New York. The new boutiques Calvin Klein, Armani, Issey Miyake, Jigsaw, Jill Sander, DKNY Kafan Dona, have created for themselves recognizable aesthetics, based on simplicity, in open spaces with few items for sale, in white, cold light and minimization of furniture.

The term MINIMALISMO born to an art that would not be neither painting nor sculpture and has ended up being around. The British critic Richard Wolheim first used it in 1965 to refer to the rationalist reduction promoted by radical new art trends.

Since then this term has grown and moved to settle everywhere starting with the architecture.

Applied to architecture and popularized starts to play shortly before the nineties

The Features of Minimalism

The pure lines and downs are an important feature of minimalism.

In short, the philosophy of minimalism seeks construct each space with minimum possible number of elements, so as to eliminate or avoid everything that could be fitting.

In minimalism all elements must combine and form a unit, putting the whole over the parts. The space itself is very important, never "overshadowed" by the decorative elements. In this context, there is a clear primacy to the clean lines and low, almost at ground level, with absolute monochrome ceilings, floors and walls, complemented by furniture.

Minimalism is characterized by extreme simplicity of its forms, clean lines, open spaces and neutral colors in a balanced and harmonious environment.

First of all open spaces are privileged, preferably high, and free. A functional harmonious environment outside the concept of excess, saturation and visual pollution. It also prevents the cacophony, repetition and any visual redundancy. It could be considered a "antibarroquismo" aesthetic. Everything should be smooth, calm and order, nothing superfluous and baroque excesses or stridency, often oblivious to the outside world. Sobriety without ornamentation.

deconstructivist architecture The deconstruction is an architectural movement that was born in the late 1980s.

Characterized by fragmentation, the nonlinear design process, interest in the manipulation of ideas from the surface of structures, and in appearance, non-Euclidean geometry, (for example, non-rectilinear shapes) used to distort and dislocate some of the basic principles of architecture as the structure and the building envelope. The final visual appearance of the deconstructivist school buildings is characterized by a stimulating unpredictability and controlled chaos. It is based on theoretical and literary movement also called deconstruction. The name derives from the Russian Constructivism also existed during the 1920s where some of his inspiration takes shape.

Some important events in the history of the deconstructivist movement include the international competition of the Parc de la Villette (especially the entry from Jacques Derrida and Peter Eisenman and first prize of Bernard Tschumi) 1988 exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art in New York deconstructivist architecture, organized by Philip Johnson and Mark Wigley, and the inauguration in 1989 of the Wexner Center for the Arts in Columbus, designed by Peter Eisenman. The New York exhibition featured works by Frank Gehry, Daniel Libeskind, Rem Koolhaas, Peter Eisenman, Zaha Hadid, Coop Himmelb au, and Bernard Tschumi.

The Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain, designed by Frank Gehry, is one of the most spectacular buildings in deconstructivism.

From organic contours, try to look like a boat. Its shiny titanium panels, reminiscent of fish scales reflect the Nervion River.

Philosophy deconstructivist The main road of deconstructivist philosophy to architectural theory proceeds through the influence of the philosopher Jacques Derrida on Peter Eisenman. Eisenman drew the philosophical foundations of the literary movement Deconstruction, and collaborated directly with Derrida on projects such as the participation in the competition for the Parc de la Villette, documented in Choral Works. Both Derrida and Eisenman, as Libeskind were concerned with the "metaphysics of presence" and this is the main subject of deconstructivist philosophy to architectural theory. The assumption made ​is that architecture is a language capable of communicating the meaning and be treated by the methods of the philosophy of lenguaje.

In addition to Derrida's metaphysical about the metaphysics of presence and deconstruction, his notions of trace and erasure, embodied in his philosophy of writing and archi-escritura found their way into deconstructivist memories. Daniel Libeskind envisioned many of his early projects as a form of writing or a treatise on writing and often worked with calligrams. Architectural sculpture made ​from books and often covered with text models, architecture openly referring to writing.

Implemented Libeskind notions of trace and erasure in his project of the Jewish Museum Berlin. The museum is intended as the trace of the erasure of the Holocaust, and tries to make its subject legible and poignant. The monuments of Maya Lin's Vietnam veterans and Eisenman to the Murdered Jews of Europe also reflect themes of trace and erasure.

High-tech architecture The architecture incorporates high tech modern technology, not only as an aid in construction, but giving prominence as an aesthetic element.

The main exponents of this trend are, Briton Norman Foster, Renzo Piano and Italian. The current known as high tech architecture is not limited to the incorporation of modern technology, it is the ostentatious display of it.

When Le Corbusier we spoke of "machine for living" and architecture resembled a transatlantic aircraft, etc.., Referred to finding an efficient design, but not the display of the technological components of the building. They are the futuristic, the first examples of technological elements ostentation. In the '60s, the group Archigram, proposed constructions where technology is deliberately displayed trimmed science fiction. This group can be taken as a predecessor of high tech architecture. The main exponents of this trend are the architects Norman Foster and Renzo Piano, who have made the technological elements of building effective aesthetic elements, which is achieved through intelligent design and careful.

FEATURES

The role of high tech architecture is to create new elements, demonstrating the complexity of the construction technique. They also make use of the array and prefabricated components.

Preferred are the walls of glass and steel structures, generating an industrial aesthetic.

Regarding the interior design is preferred to use industrial objects and all industrial aesthetics, for example, containers of the chemical industry, which are used such as vases. The technical elements are not only used for aesthetic purposes, but also for functional reasons.

The building should be a catalyst for activities and technical services are clearly defined. One of the first examples of high tech architecture is the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris, architects Piano and Rogers. The supporting structure, the auxiliary elements such as ventilation ducts, escalators, transformers, everything is in sight.

Also the belief that technology can improve the world, is characteristic of this current.

Objectives High Tech architecture is based on many themes of the modern architecture, of which he appropriated reworking and development based on the latest trends. The main objectives of the High Tech architecture is a creative game to create anything new showing the complexity of the technique.

Modern architecture strove to rebel against the established norms to create a new aesthetic.

Features The main features of the architecture are varied High Tech, including exposure of technical and functional components of construction, relatively orderly arrangement and frequent use of prefabricated components. Glass walls and steel structures are very popular in this style. These characteristics, together, generated an industrial aesthetic. The technique, in some aspects, involved base constructions aesthetic basis.

Regarding the interior design had a preference for using the industry familiar objects, eg vessels used in the chemical industry such as vases. This is because the objective was to use the industrial aesthetic. Objective that would give people a familiarity between the industrial workspace where you live or entertain. The movement sought to give everything a industrial look.

Function Prior to the Modern Movement building functions were hidden and retrospective highlighted the functions and uses formal and prioritized flexibility.

This flexibility means that the building should be a catalyst for activities and technical services should be proposed and be clearly defined. The Centre Pompidou in Paris Piano & Rogers is a complete example of style High Tech The supporting structure, vents and air conditioning, the escalator, transformers, everything in sight.

At the time was completely revolutionary as vents that were previously hidden are now in sight.

Another aspect of High Tech architecture is the renewed confidence that technology could improve the world. This is particularly evident in the draft technically sophisticated buildings Kenzo Tange conducted and / or planned in Japan during the building boom of the sixties.

Few of these projects were actually transformed into buildings.

Evolution With the oil crisis of 1973, many of these buildings became impossible to maintain the high use of metal and glass materials that not only involved in a fast aging but a huge energy expenditure. The Pompidou Centre was recognized as an exponent of the new trend quickly mutated into the example of what not to do. Major makers of High Tech. Foster, Rogers, Piano, Thomas Herzog, Francoise-HÊlène and Gilles Perroudin Jourda refound the High Tech decided to address new problems began to overwhelm humanity in the early 90s. To this in 1993 at the International Conference in Florence on solar energy in architecture and urbanism READ founded the group which is supported by the European Community.

READ The aims of deepening was the use of renewable energy in construction. So begin to propose project ideas more friendly environment where among the first exponents of what is now called sustainable architecture were the Commerzbank building in Frankfurt Foster and Cultural Centre Mont Cenis Jourda & Perraudin the late 90 . These were considered the first Eco-tech movement and evolution of High-tech in what is now called sustainable architecture.

organic architecture Organic architecture or architectural organicism is a philosophy of architecture which promotes harmony between human habitat and the natural world. More and more projects in which plants are integrated in the structure of the building, not as a skin or green facade, but as an integral part of the construction.

In the early twentieth century, there were a series of avant-garde movements in architecture. Its purpose was to generate alternatives to the modern city. The modern city was criticized, in short, irrational growth, the disproportionate concentration of buildings and masses of people in small spaces. Within architectural movements, imbued with a sense transformer, sought alternatives to the irrationality of the current city, it highlights the avant-garde movement propelled by the American Frank Lloyd Wright (1869-1959). His great legacy was organic architecture. Architectural paradigm that sought to integrate harmoniously building human and nature. The Kaufmann House, the home of the waterfall and Broadacre City project, the city of the great outdoors, is one of the greatest examples of his architectural ideal.

Features

The main exponents • Frank Lloyd Wright: For many it is the precursor of organic architecture, it reacted strongly against functional and rational architecture, founding the organismic movement.

• Ludwig Mies van der Rohe: His consecration took place in 1929, when he made the German Pavilion for the International Exposition in Barcelona, considered his masterpiece and one of the most influential architectural works of the twentieth century.

• Le Corbusier: It is considered as one of the clearest examples of modern architecture (which includes organic architecture) and one of the most influential artists.

• Oscar Niemeyer: This architect conveys in his work the spirit of life and the search for mutations prodigious.

• Frank O. Gehry: The architect is known for the innovative and unique forms of the buildings he designs.

It was a way of going against the Bauhaus school. For organic architecture, buildings should not defy nature, but to be a projection of it. The main premise is that the architect is at the service of the work running, playing users, the environment, materials, with love and humility. The architect internalized that he and his work are part of a whole and that without that all he is nothing.

The materials used are mainly natural (clay, stone, wood) and, hopefully, the same place where the work is done. The idea is to use materials in their most natural state possible. If not the case, the choice is recycled elements or have claimed a low level of energy in their manufacture.

Another feature of organic architecture is that the shape of the buildings should be in harmony with the natural environment and accept the changes it induces.