Grid, Object and the in between space - Senior Project 2020-21

Grid, Objects and the In-between Space Antonio A. Carbajal 5th and Central - Skid Row Andri Luescher ARC 4610 + 4611, 2020-21

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Introduction

Abstract / Thesis Statement

Conceptual Image / Diagram

3 3

II.Research

The Issue

Building Location & Site

Building Typology Studies

Catalog of Design Research

Program Case Studies

Building Program

4 5 6 18 24 28

III. Test Fits

34

IV. Drawings

Concept Image

Site + Zoning User/Program Massing

Floor Plans Section Elevation

Wall Detail

43 44 46 54 70 72 74

IV. Annotated Bibliography

78

THESIS STATEMENT WHY

CONCEPT IMAGE Architecture is the art of problem solving through space making, and as studies show, art has the ability to heal, grow, and unite. Each day, more art programs are being underfunded, leaving communities without an access to the arts – Skid Row being no different.

Skid Row is an underserved community, whose main residents are often forgotten, by city officials and residents. In Skid Row, and around the nation as a whole, mental health issues is becoming a more prevalent issue, yet it is something that is not talked about a lot. Resources to learn about mental health, or to seek help are scattered, not easily accessible.

Help is hard to find. The community lacks local art programs that could be used to stimulate culture, but more importantly a sense of worth among the residents as well as community outreach. Studies show that art is an important aid in the mental development of children and young adults, as well as helping adults cope and find self-worth. Architecture being a form of art, because the shelter and the host for the therapy, and the creation of art. Architecture itself has an impact on how humans feel – architecture and psychology intermingle. A flexible space, that

works with the experiencer, providing reliefs and vernally sooths the experiencer become important.

The program being suggested thus becomes an art center that focus on therapy as well as community.

3

THE ISSUE WHY

Los Angeles, like many cities, is facing a problem with mental health. Depression and anxiety (as well as other mental health related illness) are becoming more and more prevalent, yet the solutions are hard to find. Mental health is a taboo topic, leading people to not talk about it, leading people to fend for themselves, which can be a daunting task. As this is happening, Los Angeles and its communities are losing art programs. The city is losing itself.

space that is provided. ¬¬Flexibility and adaptability are important. The role psychology and architecture play cannot be understated. Buildings affect how one feels, it is the reason why compression and release in architecture is powerful. Knowing what design elements help heal, help calm, and overall bring joy to people are important elements to understand in a project like this. They allow for the user to feel calm and relaxed, further helping them focus on their art an the process of healing. Security and comfort are an important aspect to design due to the user and the site conditions. As Skid Row is a forgotten part of the city, it leads the neighborhood to be rough in appearance and habitant. How one approaches the street and protects or exposes to the street is an important investigation.

Art has the ability to heal grow and even unite – art is a tool that can help with social issues occurring in the city. Studies show that art programs help the unhouse, as they use art as an escape and the art becomes a path toward regaining a sense of selfworth. Other studies demonstrate the importance of art in the development in children and young adults, this development is both mental and social. Art is an important part of society, it creates culture and community, it creates the ability for people to express themselves, for people to create something and be satisfied with themselves. It plays and important role in who are, yet the arts are missing from communities.

The neighborhood of Skid Row is an underserved and often forgotten community which causes this community to lack art space. Within the neighborhood, there is one full time art program creating a severe lack in Skid Row. The government has ignored this community which has only caused the situation to worsen. Rapper Tupac Shakur alludes to this problem and the sense of hopelessness felt within a community in his song Keep Ya Head Up as he states: “…It seems tha rain’ll never let up, I try to keep my head up, and still keep from gettin wet up, you know it’s funny when it rains it pours, they got money for wars, but can’t feed the poor, say there ain’t no hope for the youth and the truth is, it ain’t no hope for tha future, and then they wonder why we crazy, I blame my mother, for turning my brother into a crack baby, cuz we ain’t meant to survive cuz it’s a set set up, and even though you’re fed up, you got to keep your head up”.

Art is a broad generalization and the definition of art can vary, and the art one person uses to cope vary. For one person the art of culinary is how one expresses themselves and copes while another person might be into fine art, and another person might use theater to cope. This leads to the building to be flexible in the 4

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7 25 33 6 18 00 .11 3 5 4 28 19 0 4 2 35 5 A 0 Zoning Map34 R 327 20 5 36 17 26 5 14 2 21 1/ TR 2 14 0+ 25 22 U0 2 9234 CI 16 0 + 38 37 OR 24 T 05 2 Y -3 15 3 1 29 D 2 8 Site Info 38 3 39 14 9 3.3 24 30 00 22 2 40 1 31 6 13 425 51 Address: 501 E 5th Street FR 21 00 41 42 32 9 26 12 5 4 2 33 5 42 0 40 5147007901 11 27 APNs: 34 19 43 28 4 4 1 28 1/ 0 35 18 27 44 Acreage: 2 36 1 2 9 00 3 80 29 26 17 45 ( 8 5 30 .

1 22 9 1 0 4 25 44 Parcel: 127-5A213 16778 6 6 37 05 CI 2 31 TY 7 15 .55 47 38 25 24 LA 32 6 ND 1 Zoning: M2-D2 2 3 4 ) 4 3 9 8 S 1 U0 33 5 O 13 22 40 49 (1 4 05 "UNN F LOS 1 5 7 4 21 12 2 0 1 46 UMBE AN 3 6.2 21 20 2.311 GE RE 51 42 2 D Development Standards LE 0) LT S 1 1 6 43 0 " + 9 1 552 00 27 18 53 44 (1 Light Manufacturing 9 Permitted Uses: 21 53 54 26 7 5 1 4 22 0 11 4 1 7 5 3.8 8 25 0 1 Lot Area: 10,500 sf 5 16 55 5 46 23 7 4) 24 1 1 6 47 24 56 5 1 0 2 2 20 5 Front setback: None 25 05 03 (1 1 5 48 22 05 71 19 33 13 4 3 4 26 49 24 .49 5ft - 10% 0 Side setbacks: lot width when lot is <50ft; 3ft min; +1 for each story over 2nd; not to exceed 16ft 18 3 100 1/ 4 12 27 50 52 ) ST 17 11 2 2 9 2 6 51 Rear (setback: None8 for industrial or comercial use 00 00 16 1 1/4 4 5 10 29 16 52 8 5 53 2 42 15 9.1 Lot Coverage: 8 30 Maximum 50% 5 7 9 3 7 25 14 1/ 45 4) 31 54 24 4 6 13 62 Minimum Open Space: N/A 32 55 8 23 (1 00 66 Minimum Landscape Coverage: N/A 0 5 05 .79 39 126A213 30 ) Height / Number of Stories: N/A Unless CR then its 75ft/6 Building stories 1/ 0 0 16 Parking: N/A 05 05 2 4.4 41 32 3 Minimum Building Separation: N/A (1 00 U0 Standard FAR: 6:1 62 54 05 .07 00 3 34 54 ) 5 1/ 00 53 2 71 5 6 ) 1/ U0 0 2 05 05 44

G 2.2 6 OLD 8 TH SW 43 .4 5 ST OR 4 TR THY U0 05 AC 52 3 T

SITE SELECTION Statement

Skid Row is a place like no other. A place that depicts the “tale of two cities” within the city of Los Angeles.

The site lays on the corner of the 5th Street and San Pedro intersection, at the heart of skid row. This site was selected due to that reason, being at the heart of Skid Row. Located near already established infrastructure or other services that relate to the program of the project. This then allows the project to create a dialogue and a community with the existing services. The division of the parcel allows the project to be on the busy intersection while having a more private address on 5th street.

realm allows for increase sense of security, but having access to a safe crossing would allow the experience to access the site, and feel the stress they undergo by doing so. Limiting the stress of the induvial before accessing the site is important as you are not adding stress to their already stressful life, and makes the access to the building easier.

Having a more private setting allows the induvial to feel secure, and not as if they are out and in the open. In terms of a more intimate public service, as a clinic, this would allow them to experience it without fear of being too exposed.

As a big component of the thesis revolves around the relationship between architecture and psychology, understanding the components into what makes a favorable site was important. Being in the public 6

FIGURE GROUND PLAN

7

FIGURE GROUND PLAN WITH STREET VIEWS

8

FIGURE GROUND PLAN ZONING

9

FIGURE GROUND PLAN MAJOR AND MINOR ROADS

Legend

Major Roads Minor Roads

Two Way One Way

10

FIGURE GROUND PLAN TRANSPORTATION

11

FIGURE GROUND PLAN PUBLIC SERVICE

Legend

Fire Station Police Mission

Parks Clinics

12

FIGURE GROUND PLAN ACCESS TO FOOD

Legend

Restaurants Edible Gardens

Soup Kitchens Markets

13

FIGURE GROUND PLAN PUBLIC HYGIENE

Legend

Toilets Showers Trashcans

14

FIGURE GROUND PLAN ART + CULTURE

Legend

Art Programs Murals

15

SITE AXON

16

PHOTOGRAPHIC COLLAGE

17

TYPOLOGY STUDIES

SIX CASE STUDIES: DIAGRAM / I top to bottom: Charles Correa: Kanchanjunga Apartments/ Sanaa: New Museum / Aldo Rossi: Locomotive 2 1962

PRIMITIVE

OPERATIONS

FINAL

18

TYPOLOGY STUDIES

SIX CASE STUDIES: DIAGRAM / II top to bottom: Venturi, Scott Brown: Fire Station No. 4/ Frank Gehry: Winton Guest House / Sanaa: Okurayama Apartments

PRIMITIVE

OPERATIONS

FINAL

19

TYPOLOGY STUDIES

SIX CASE STUDIES: TEST FITS MASSING DIAGRAMS

Test Fit 01 Primitive: Kanchanjunga Apartments (Charles Correa) Operations: scale, add, slice

Test Fit 02 Primitive: New Museum (Sanaa)

Test Fit 03 Primitive: Locomotive 2 1962 (Aldo Rossi)

Operations: scale, extrude, shift

Operations: scale, extrude, stretch

Test Fit 04 Primitive: Fire Station No.4 (Venturi, Scott Brown) Operations: scale, skew, extrude

Test Fit 05 Primitive: Winton Guest House (Frank Gehry)

Test Fit 06 Primitive: Okurayama Apartments (Sanaa)

Operations: scale, rotate, multiply

Operations: scale, stretch, skew

20

TYPOLOGY STUDY

SIX NEW FORMS, SITELESS

01

02

03

04

05

06

21

TYPOLOGY STUDY

SIX NEW FORMS ON SITE

Columes: Stacking

Shifts

Wrap

01 [multiplicatioon, merge, extrude]

02 [extrude, relief, lift]

03 [extrude, stack, shift]

04 [extrude, split, carve]

05 [bend, carve, extrude]

06 [extrude, split, shift]

22

23

CATALOG

RELATION TO GRID

Key

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Corbusier. Object Obstructing Grid

7. Brick House, 1924. Mies Van der

Japan, 2004.Sanaa Object and Grid

8. House II, Hardwick Vermont, 1970.

Sanaa. Object and Grid

9. Holcim Competence Center,

1. NA House, Tokyo, Japan, 2011. Sou

4. 21st Century Museum, Ishikawa,

2. Brick Vault House, Santa Barbara,

5. Moriyama House, Tokyo, Japan, 2005.

Fujimoto. Column and Grid

Spain, 2020. - Space Popular.

Column and Grid

3. Mill Owners Association,

Ahmedabad, India, 1954. Le

6. Therme Vals, Graubunden Canton, Switzerland, 1996. Peter Zumthor.

Object and Grid

24

Rohe. Plane and Grid

Peter Eisenman. Plane and Grid

Switzerland, 2008. Christian Kerez Object Obstructing Grid

CATALOG

RELATION TO GRID - ABSTRACTION

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Key

Obstructing Grid

7. Brick House, 1924. Mies Van der Rohe.

2004.Sanaa Object and Grid

8. House II, Hardwick Vermont, 1970.

Sanaa. Object and Grid

9. Holcim Competence Center,

1. NA House, Tokyo, Japan, 2011. Sou

4. 21st Century Museum, Ishikawa, Japan,

2. Brick Vault House, Santa Barbara,

5. Moriyama House, Tokyo, Japan, 2005.

Fujimoto. Column and Grid

Spain, 2020. - Space Popular. Column and Grid

3. Mill Owners Association, Ahmedabad, India, 1954. Le Corbusier. Object

6. Therme Vals, Graubunden Canton, Switzerland, 1996. Peter Zumthor.

Object and Grid

25

Plane and Grid

Peter Eisenman. Plane and Grid

Switzerland, 2008. Christian Kerez Object Obstructing Grid

CATALOG

RELATION TO GREEN SPACE

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Key 1. House No. 10 House w/Courtyard, 2019. MOS. Courtyard 2. Menil Drawing Institue, Houston TX, 2018. Johnston Marklee.

Courtyard 3. Serpentine Pavilion, London, UK, 2011. Peter Zumthro. Courtyard

4. Rokko House, Kobe, Japan, 1983.

Tadao Ando. Terrace 5. Habitat 67 - Moshe Safdie, Montreal, Canada, 1967 Terrace 6. Okurayama Apartments, Kangawa, Japan, 2008. Sanaa. Terrace.

7. Villa Savoye, Poissy France, 1929.

Le Corbusier. Roof Garden 26

8. Public Condenser, Paris France, 2016. Muoto. Roof Terrace 9. Teopanzolco Cultural Center Cuernavaca, Mexico, 2017.

Productora, Roof Terrace

CATALOG RELATION TO GREEN SPACE - ANALYSIS

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Key

Tadao Ando. Terrace

1. House No. 10 House w/Courtyard,

5. Habitat 67 - Moshe Safdie, Montreal,

2. Menil Drawing Institue, Houston TX,

6. Okurayama Apartments, Kangawa,

3. Serpentine Pavilion, London, UK, 2011.

7. Villa Savoye, Poissy France, 1929. Le

4. Rokko House, Kobe, Japan, 1983.

8. Public Condenser, Paris France, 2016.

2019. MOS. Courtyard

2018. Johnston Marklee. Courtyard Peter Zumthro. Courtyard

Canada, 1967 Terrace

Japan, 2008. Sanaa. Terrace.

Corbusier. Roof Garden

27

Muoto. Roof Terrace

9. Teopanzolco Cultural Center Cuernavaca, Mexico, 2017.

Productora, Roof Terrace

PROGRAM CASE STUDY

[Inner City Arts - Michael Maltzan, Los Angeles, 2008]

Legend Classroom Service Office Exhibit Space

Program Diagram Plan Square Footage list by program:

Classroom Service Office Exhibit

10053 NSF 5035 NSF 21% 5732 NSF 3541 NSF

TOTAL NET TOTAL GROSS

24631 NSF 45012 GSF

Net to Gross Ratio: (divide net/gross):

41% 23% 14%

1.83

28

PROGRAM CASE STUDY

[Polyvalent Theater - Lacaton & Vassal, Lille, France, 2013]

Legend Classroom Service Office Exhibit Space

Program Diagram Plan Square Footage list by program: Classroom 1581 NSF 14%

Service 1246 NSF 11%

Office 0675 NSF .06%

Exhibit 7998 NSF 70%

TOTAL NET 11,500 NSF

TOTAL GROSS X GSF 12,437

Net to Gross Ratio: (divide net/gross):

1.08

29

PROGRAM CASE STUDY

[Public Condensor - Muoto, Paris, France, 2016]

Legend Classroom Service Office Exhibit Space

Program Diagram Plan Square Footage list by program:

Classroom 310 NSF 01% Service 328 NSF 11%

Office 285 NSF 09%

Exhibit 2,181 NSF 70%

TOTAL NET 3104 NSF

TOTAL GROSS 13,441 GSF

Net to Gross Ratio: (divide net/gross):

4.33

30

GENERIC BUILDING PROGRAM ARTS AND CULTURE PROGRAM

Short Description of Program In the neighborhood of Skid Row, there is a lack of buildings that provide a service to the area. There are no places for them to express themselves, or to work in the arts. The program I progress provides a place for the community to learn, practice, and display their art projects. It will be a place that outreaches into the community and help people cope with the hardships of life through the arts. According to research art is used to help the homeless gain a sense of individuality, a sense a humanism, and a way to express themselves.

In kids and even young adults, we see art as a crucial component for the mental development. Alongside providing a place for people to practice, learn, and exhibit, its also a place for people to cope and develop mentally.

The type of programs revolve around flexibility, allowing the building to adapt to the needs of the users.

Exhibition spaces that allow people to display their art is important. This includes theaters, and open space for exhibitions. Classrooms and more intimate settings for people to learn and grow are needed. Offices and service space are important to keep the building and programs running.

Top-Down Programs (average of case-study + changes to program) Classrooms 5,000 NSF Office 7,500 NSF Service 7,500 NSF Exhibition 30,00 NSF Workshops 5,000 NSF

TOTAL 55,000 NSF Grossing Factor (NSF x inv net/gross)

1.1

TOTAL GROSS 60,000

31

GENERIC BUILDING PROGRAM ARTS AND CULTURE CENTER

Short Description of User(s) Primarily, the user would comprise of people around the neighborhood. Kids, and young adults are welcomed to come to use art as an escape, and a new hobby. It becomes a place for the community to do out reach to at risk youth. Alongside this, the homeless population would be a user. Studies show that art is a tool for the reincorporation into society, allowing them to gain a sense of being human again and it is a way to express themselves. Lastly, worker would use this place. This ranges from art instructors, social workers, service workers, and administrative workers to name a few.

Diagram of User & Individual or Cohort Needs

Office Mixed Media

Exhibition Space

security

Theater multipurpose room

Art and Culture Center community + un-housed

Workshops

growth outreach

counseling serenity

Storage

Restrooms

32

Classrooms

GENERIC BUILDING PROGRAM ARTS AND CULTURE CENTER

Diagram of User & Individual or Cohort Needs - Scenario

33

TEST FIT OPTION 1 MERGING

Legend

Classroom Exhibit Admin

01 Site Design Strategy 01 With the volumes merging in distinct angles, it leads to the union being something special – I made it the entry points. The cores are deep in the building but not near the façade so that the cores don’t affect that pattern or the fenestration on the façade. Personally, and from my understanding from the case studies, the exhibit and performance space is something grand that is usually elevated, so I attempted to emulate that in this plane. Classrooms are then placed to the side can be a preview or a or hold those corners down on the site. Admin on the ground floor made sense because it could be used as outreach nodes on the ground plane. The core layout seems to be the strongest in this layout as it would be centralized, yet spaced, while not interferring with major programmatic spaces.

34

TEST FIT OPTION 1 MERGING

Legend

Classroom Exhibit Admin

01 Massing Strategy Option 01 Volumes coming together, mass coming together, and program coming together. With this massing strategy, I envisioned a place that formally would show how program is coming together. The rotation and placement of the figures places entry points alongside the bust corner of San Pedro. It allows me to build up and to use the roofs as potential usable area. The volume and mass become symbolic in this iteration. A constraint can be circulation and how one brings light into the deep middle but this could also be an opportunity in disguise. The possibility of massaging the massing even further to add emphasis to certain areas. It does seem a bit harsh on the site as it super imposes it self but due to the harshness of the surrounding site this could be a positive. It turns it back to the buildings behind it and could be manipulated to be more welcoming from all angles.

A set of rules to control the angles and the openings would allow this to be random yet controlled.

35

TEST FIT OPTION 2 SLICE AND SPLIT

Legend

Classroom Exhibit Admin

02 Site Design Strategy 02 With this scheme, exhibit and classroom occupy most of the ground plane footprint with admin holding down a corner. This might not be the most accessible plan but with two volumes coming together, the two main volumes consume and take up the two separate volumes. Adding admin as nodes or objects within the bigger object (object within object), and these could revolve around mental health and just an outreach to the community. More emphasis should be added to the two open corners of the plan as entry points or just outdoor space. Due to the difference hieght of extrusion, the core would need to be deeper within the exhibit space which might afect the overall composition and layout of them. On the brightside, it would increase the accesbility of the those spaces, while freeing the southern part of the mass.

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TEST FIT OPTION 2 SLICE AND SPLIT

Legend

Classroom Exhibit Admin

02 Massing Strategy Option 02 A simple extrusion that then is split and extruded at different levels were the simple operations. This massing also super imposes itself on the site, but in comparison to the other example works in better unison to integrate or work with the other buildings, it doesn’t turn its back to the surrounding buildings.

The difference of height allows a sense of hierarchy to occur while allowing for the roof space to became an accessible part of the building. By super imposing itself, it allows for the building to be protective of the site, and to take full advantage of the site and its FAR. As we know, Skid Row is a underdeveloped part of the city. It gives opportunity for more intimate and secured space to occur on the upper levels. The split and slide allow for small pockets of green space to occur at the ground plane or could be indicators for entry points. Bringing light in could be either a difficulty or something that could work in our favor as well.

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TEST FIT OPTION 3

PILOTI + COURTYARD

Legend

Classroom Exhibit Admin

03 Site Design Strategy 03 Being lifted off the ground provides a sense of security to the use by opening up the ground plane, but the issue of accessibility and how one access the building arises. In order to comply with ADA, an elevator becomes a necessity. In terms of access, having a floating box on piloti might not be the most functional. The layout comes with the parti adding emphasis to the to ends. As the exhibit space is one of the most important programs, I used it to anchor down the two ends of the building, while the classrooms and the administrative program would run along the longer corridors connecting.

Circulation and accessibility become to main issues that would need to be resolved architecturally. Since the courtyard is such a strong move, I deemed it important to place the core an the entry points within the courtyard. This would force the user to experience the courtyard and the piloti in order to access the building.

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TEST FIT OPTION 3

PILOTI + COURTYARD

Legend

Classroom Exhibit Admin

03 Massing Strategy Option 03 A lack of green space, an empty lot next door and an inviting foot print. By lifting the building off the ground you welcome the surrounding areas into the site. With the big central courtyard, it bring light and green space into the deep center of the building. By lifting the building, it also takes a protective approach to the users as they are lifted from the ground plane.

This can be seen as both as positive as the user might want to be protected, but it might be seen as a negative as it can be taken as secluding the site and its context from the building. Due to FAR regulations, it would allow us to build up taller which might make the courtyard and the ground plane darker. The podium height would need to be taller. The width of the corridor and of the mass would affect the sectional quality and with the current massing layout the circulation would be very repetitive. In essence this is a big raised donut building.

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THESIS STATEMENT

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

STATEMENT OF INTENT Mental health is a problem affecting a large percentage of the nation’s population, and Los Angeles and Skid Row are no exception. Unfortunately, Skid Row is also an underserved and forgotten part of the city, leaving it with little to no social programs. This element of “being forgotten” with no help creates a sense of hopelessness, which only causes things to worsen.

Research shows that the usage of art provides both an escape for people going through hardship, as well as aiding the development in one mentals capacity.

According to research done in Australia, art helps the unhoused find a self-worth as they are able to express themselves in a way they please. Although the definition of art can vary from person to person, providing a space for any person to come, create, express themselves, and possibly make money off of their creation would deeply help the community. Art as therapy, art as expression, art as a means to help yourself financially.

The art becomes a way of expression for the local occupants, thus making the exhibition spaces an important aspect in the design. The exhibition spaces become objects that sit within, or disrupt the structural grid. While the structural grid is a rigid fifteen feet by fifteen feet, these objects break the grid, and provide a different type of space that further highlights the importance of the exhibition objects as they allow the residents to be seen. Following the theme of being seen, the main material of the project would be glass façade, creating a sense of transparency that would allow the user to see the city, and to be seen. The structure is not something that is hidden, nor is it something that is forgotten, rather it is celebrated and part of the architecture and the architectural vocabulary of the building.

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CONCEPT IMAGE

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

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LOCATION PLAN

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

Scale: 1” = 350’

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ZONING INFORMATION

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

ZONING + SITE ANALYSIS

The project sits on the intersection of San Pedro and Fifth street, in the heart of Skid Row. Upon walking through the site, one notices how San Pedro defines the edge of Skid Row, as well some communitiy infrastructure that is there. This includes clinics, and a womens center. This proximity to infrastructure was an ideal situation to the project as it would provide connections to these institutions and their users. Fifth street becomes the quieter street while San Pedro is the busier vehicular traffic. This led to the building having its main entrance on Fifth street.

The rectangular building sits within the perpendicular site, leaving the exposed edges for landscaping.

The site is zoned as M2-D2 and has a 6:1 FAR allows for the building to be flexible in its programming, as well as its height and location. In theory, we could build as tall as we want as long as FAR is followed.

The construction type would affect the hieght of the building.

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USER DIAGRAM

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

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PROGRAM BREAKDOWN

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

PROGRAM DIAGRAM The program is broken down into five main categories: exhibit space, classroom space, office space, green space and commercial space.

be transformed into larger spaces. This then allows for the user to take control of the space as they best need, and allowing for the space to be more open and public or more intimate.

From the design standpoint, the exhibition space becomes an important spatial and formal element.

These spaces are intended to be flexible space.

The exhibition space allows for the user to display the art they create, a chance to be seen, to display and be proud. Formally, they become objects that break the grid, creating a new type of space.

A big component of mental health counseling is group counseling, so providing a space that can be transformed to that needs of that. This can be seen as private offices, or allowing for other more flexible space to be transformed and converted for group therapy session. Offices is broken down into administrative office and the other for social service and mental health. Providing a lot of space for education or classroom was important as well as it allows for people to come and participate and get the help that is needed. These classrooms live within the rigidity of the grid, again having the option to

In order to make space more mentally soothing and relaxing, green space was introduced. This space become a more fun and engaging space as outside of the double height green space, it is pace on the oblique floor. According to Claude Parents, oblique spaces are more interactive and engaging. The green space becames an escape, a refresher for the user to break from their busy life and reflect in this space.

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MASSING DIAGRAM

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

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PROJECT AXON

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

MASSING + SITE Structure was at the forefront of this design, the structure is celebrated not hidden. With this, the structural grid serves as a three-dimensional grid.

experience through the size, and sectional quality.

On the facade, the gables provide rhythem and patern.

The building started as a basic extrusion from the site and property line. From this a grid was placed and converted into a three-dimensional grid. The grid became structure, and the structure became the main design element of the building. Looking for an element to break the grid, one that provided contrast, gable objects were then placed to live within the grid. These objects due to their houselike shape become special moments within the building, they become celebratory space within the art complex providing an opportunity to be seen. As these objects are gallery or auditoriums, controlling the light that comes within the space, concrete splits which are inset were added to provide texture, depth shading. The objects range in size, having different width and height, and some gables merged with one another to serve as a light well or in the case of the auditorium a place for the fly system. These gables provided a different

Depth and texture were still wanted on the facade, this lead to the objects being pushed out four feet, and concrete planks to provide shading and pattern as well. Wiremesh defines the green space.

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STRUCTURE DIAGRAM

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

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EXTERIOR RENDER

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

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ENTRANCE RENDER

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

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ENTRANCE RENDER

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

SITE PLAN

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

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FLOOR PLAN

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

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GALLERY RENDER

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

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FLOOR PLAN

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

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FLOOR PLAN

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

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UPSIDE-DOWN GABLE RENDER 501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

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FLOOR PLAN

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

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UPSIDE-DOWN GABLE

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

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FLOOR PLAN

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

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FLOOR PLAN

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

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FLOOR PLAN

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

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FLOOR PLAN

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

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AUDITORIUM RENDER

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

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AUDITORIUM RENDER

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

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[Page Title] [Subitle]

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3D AXONOMETRIC FLOOR PLAN 501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

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SECTION

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

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SECTION

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

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ELEVATION

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

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ELEVATION

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

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WALL DETAIL

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

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TECHNICAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

The three-dimensional grid was converted into a concrete structural grid. This was chosen due to performative elements from a sustainable element, noise, as well as a long lasting. Concrete allows for the most formal manipulation as well as being load bearing allowing the objects to be their own sustaining elements. Buildings from Christian Kerez, Muoto, and Karamuk Kuo came to mind and their approach to dealing with concrete and structure. Understanding the difference between the methods of construction and assembly with concrete. Cast in place concrete provided a sense of union that prefabricated concrete did not provide. This language of one, with objects within was something that I desired. The decision of whether the objects were to be open and exposed or closed and intimate. The openness of the object read well, bringing in light and the ability to look back at the city. Due to the openness of the object, and as they server as gallery and auditorium space, light control was an important aspect to these space.

An effort to remain the objects open yet control the lighting. Concrete planks were added to control the light that was entering the space.

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ENVIRONMENTAL DIAGRAM

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

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CODE ANALYSIS

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA General Description: A. B. C.

Building Location: Building Address: Project Description:

D. E.

Legal Description: Applicable Codes:

F.

Building Description: a. Building Area

b. c. d.

G.

Los Angeles, CA 501E Fifth Street, Los Angeles CA 90013 New 9-story community art therapy center with 3 stories underground parking 5147007901 2019 Los Angeles Building Code 2019 Los Angeles Plumbing Code 2019 Los Angeles Mechanical Code 2019 Los Angeles Electrical Code 2019 Los Angeles Green Building Code 2017 Los Angeles Fire Code

Building Height Sprinklers: Major use Categories: Per CBC 302

Building Occupant Load: Per CBC Table 1004.5

a.

Basement: First Floor Second Floor Third Floor Fourth Floor Fifth Floor Sixth Floor Seventh Floor Eighth Floor Nineth Floor

8040 SF 3844 SF 8038 SF 6275 SF 6132 SF 7866 SF 4938 SF 7568 SF 6169 SF 4818 SF

Total:

56120 SF

132’ Fully sprinklered NFPA 13 Assembly A-2 (Cafe) Assembly A-3 (Gallery, Exhibition Hall, Lecture Hall) Business B (Office, Educational above 12th Grade) Educational E (Floors 2,5,6) Factory F-2 (Floors 4,6,7,9) Basement: First Floor Second Floor Third Floor Fourth Floor Fifth Floor Sixth Floor Seventh Floor Eighth Floor Nineth Floor

40 40 173 81 250 407 52 79 327 25

Total:

1474

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CODE ANALYSIS

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA Occupancy Classification

CBC

Nonseparated Occupancies

508.3

Occupancy Groups: A. Assembly A-2 (Cafe) B. Assembly A-3 (Gallery, Exhibition Hall, Lecture Hall) C. Business B (Office, Educational above 12th Grade) D. Educational E (Floors 2,5,6) E. Factory F-2 (Floors 4,6,7,9)

305.1 306.3

302.1 303 304

Construction Calcification Construction Type: Allowable building height: Allowable number of stories: Allowable Area Factor:

Type I-B (Fire-Resistive, Non-Combustible) 160 11 UL

Fire resistance rating requirements for building elements

602.2 Table 504.3 Table 504..4 Table 506.2 Table 601

Per Table 601: Fire resistance rating requirements of building elements for Type I-B Structural frame Bearing Exterior Wall Bearing Interior Wall Non Bearing Exterior Wall Non Bearing Interior Wall Floor Construction

2 Hours 2 Hours 2 Hours 1 Hours 0 Hours 2 Hours

Fire resistance rating requirements based on fire separation distance

Table 602

Fire Separation Distance: North Wall: West Wall: South Wall: East Wall:

0 ft >30 ft >30 ft 25 ft

1- hour fire rated wall 0- hour fire rated wall 0- hour fire rated wall 1- hour fire rated wall

Allowable Area of openings North Wall: West Wall: South Wall: East Wall:

0 ft >30 ft >30 ft 25 ft

Table 705.8 0% No Limit No Limit No Limit

Exit requirements

Table 1017.2

Maximum allowable travel distance: 1. A-3 2. B 3. S-1

Assembly occupancies: Business occupancies: Storage Occupancies:

250 ft 300 ft 250 ft

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ESCAPE DIAGRAM

501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

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CASE STUDIES Case Study 501 E 5TH S, LOS ANGELES, CA

FAR FROHN & ROJAS WOHNREGAL

FRPO RODRIGUEZ & ORIOL ESTACIÓN SAN JOSÉ

GUILLERMO FRONDAY CAMP IN CV

FIRST OFFICE 81 PINTERST HQ

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Councill, Tracy. “Art Therapy with Children.” The Wiley Handbook of Art Therapy, 2015, pp. 242–251., doi:10.1002/9781118306543.ch24.

This study shows all the benefits that art and art therapy has on children. They state that art therapy affects children rebuild a Sense of well‑being, symptom relief and coping with procedures, engendering (give) hope, creating community (super useful section for you topic) and gaining a sense of mastery. This helps my argument on the importance of art therapy.

2. Ellard, Colin. Places of the Heart: the Psychogeography of Everyday Life. Bellevue Literary Press, 2015.

A book written by Colin Ellard discusses the impact of the built environment on the mind. Colin Ellard goes into depth about the urbanistic and architectural elements, that please us such as how rigid angles make us anxious, but he also discusses the neurological functions that occur when we get a reaction out of things. One of the biggest take away was that a designer must design so that the user has a sense of ownership over the space, thus better takes care of it.

3. Frampton, Kenneth, and John M. Cava. Studies in Tectonic Culture: the Poetics of Construction in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Architecture. The MIT Press, 2001.

Kenneth Frampton argues the idea that tectonics play in modern architecture, and the evolution of modern architecture. Frampton argues, modern architecture is invariably as much about structure and construction as it is about space and abstract form. This relates to the project as structure is at the forefront of the building, creating space and how space carves out structure. The relation between space and structure.

4. Johnston, Pamela. The Function of the Oblique: the Architecture of Claude Parent and Paul Virilio, 19631969. AA Publications, 1996.

Claude Parent argues that oblique spaces are more enjoyable as they are interactive and engaging. This relates to the project due to the oblique space that occurs when the gable intersects the grid. This informs how the space can be designed, how to approach the oblique space and the quality of space it can provide.

6. Lawson, Bryan. The Language of Space. Routledge, 2015.

Bryan Lawson provides an ideal introduction to the topic, breaking down the complex and abstract terms used by many design theoreticians when writing about architectural space. Instead, our everyday knowledge is reintroduced to the language of design. Design values of ‘space’ are challenged and informed to stimulate a new theoretical and practical approach to design. This book helps me understand the importance of space, how one can approach the definition of space and the creation of it.

7. Thomas, Yvonne, et al. “Homeless Adults Engagement in Art: First Steps towards Identity, Recovery and Social Inclusion.” Wiley Online Library, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 10 Nov. 2011, onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ j.1440-1630.2011.00977.x.

This is research done by Australian psychologist and neuroscientist studying how to help homeless or unhouse gain a sense of self-worth, inclusion, and become hopeful. The study demonstrates that art occupations provide a starting point for participation in community and a positive experience that encourages the construction of new identities, routines and roles. Furthermore, art provides an alternative from the problems associated with homelessness, mental health and substance abuse and allows for public recognition and social inclusion.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY 8. Reed, Peter. Toward Form: Louis I. Kahns Urban Designs for Philadelphia, 1939-1962. 1989 An important aspect of design, as a product of a cultural context, is the unity between form and structure in architecture. In modern architecture, since the Renaissance, the emphasis has been on stylistic expression, and consequently much consideration has been placed on formalistic and geometric elements of design, as for example, the tradition of Baroque and Neo-Calssical architecture. Due to modern technologies the relation between structure and form has been overlooked. I tend to embrace the structure and have it relate with the gable formal objects.

9. Venturi, Robert, and Vincent Scully. Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture. The Museum of Modern Art, 2019.

Venturi’s architectural postmodernism manifesto argues against the purism of modernism. Using architectural precedents as a case study, Venturi analyzes them as to help the reader on understanding architectural ideas and experience. This text was used to get a better understanding on architectural ideas and for it to be a catalyst for my own architectural investigation.

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