2012 CRWD monitoring report by Capitol Region Watershed District

2012 Monitoring Report

Prepared by: Capitol Region Watershed District 1410 Energy Park Drive, Suite 4 Saint Paul, MN 55108 (651)-644-8888 www.capitolregionwd.org June 2013

Table of Contents Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................ i Definitions ..................................................................................................................................... iii List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ v List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... vii Chapter 1 Executive Summary ..................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 3 Chapter 3 3a 3b 3c 3d

Stormwater Monitoring ................................................................................................ 7 Monitoring Locations .....................................................................................................7 Monitoring and Analysis Methods.................................................................................9 Climatological Summary .............................................................................................19 Summary of Results .....................................................................................................22

Chapter 4 4a 4b 4c

Lake Water Quality Monitoring ................................................................................. 49 Introduction ..................................................................................................................49 Methods........................................................................................................................50 Results and Analysis ....................................................................................................51

Chapter 5 Conclusions and Recommendations ........................................................................... 65 5a Conclusions ..................................................................................................................65 5b Recommendations ........................................................................................................66 Chapter 6 References .................................................................................................................. 69 Appendices Appendix A: Detailed Subwatershed Data ................................................................................... 71 A.1 Como Lake Subwatershed .........................................................................................73 A.2 East Kittsondale Subwatershed ..................................................................................89 A.3 Phalen Creek Subwatershed .......................................................................................99 A.4 St. Anthony Park Subwatershed...............................................................................109 A.5 Trout Brook Subwatershed ......................................................................................123 A.6 Lake McCarrons Subwatershed ...............................................................................153 Appendix B: Metal Standards Based on Hardness ..................................................................... 161 Appendix C: Miscellaneous Reference Tables ........................................................................... 165

Acronyms and Abbreviations ac AHUG BMP cBOD Cd cf cfs cfu chl-a Cl Cr CRWD Cu DO E. coli EPA ft GP ha Hg FWA IBI IDDE in kg L lb m MCES mg mL MnDOT MPCA MPN MS4 NA NCHF NH3 Ni

Acre Arlington Hamline Underground Infiltration Facility Best Management Practice 5-day Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand Cadmium Cubic feet Cubic feet per second Colony forming unit Chlorophyll-a Chloride Chromium Capitol Region Watershed District Copper Dissolved Oxygen Escherichia coli Environmental Protection Agency Foot Gottfriedâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Pit Hectare Mercury Flow-Weighted Average Index of Biological Integrity Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Inch Kilogram Liter Pound Meter Metropolitan Council Environmental Services Milligram Milliliter Minnesota Department of Transportation Minnesota Pollution Control Agency Most probable number Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System Not Available North Central Hardwood Forest Ammonia Nickel Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report i

NO2 NO3 NOAA NWS NSQD Ortho-P Pb PCBs PFOS RCD RCPW s TB TBI TDS TKN TMDL TP TSS UMN VSS Zn

Nitrite Nitrate National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service National Stormwater Quality Database Ortho-phosphate Lead Polychlorinated biphenyls perfluorooctane sulfonate Ramsey Conservation District Ramsey County Public Works Second Trout Brook Trout Brook Storm Sewer Interceptor Total Dissolved Solids Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen Total Maximum Daily Load Total Phosphorus Total Suspended Solids University of Minnesota-St. Paul Campus Volatile Suspended Solids Zinc

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report ii

Definitions Acute exposure – in water quality standards, the minimum concentration of a chemical to which an organism may be exposed for a short time period without experiencing adverse effects. Baseflow – the sustained non-storm event flow in a channel or pipe from subsurface runoff (i.e. groundwater) that is usually at a relatively constant, slow velocity. Best Management Practice – Technique, measure, or structural control that is used for a given set of conditions to manage the quantity and improve the quality of stormwater runoff in the most cost effective manner. Chronic exposure – in water quality standards, the minimum concentration of a chemical to which an organism may be exposed for an extended period of time without experiencing adverse effects. Composite sample – a water sample that is made up of several samples taken at spaced intervals. Discharge – rate of flow in pipe or stream, expressed as a volume per unit time, most commonly cubic feet per second (cfs). Epilimnion – in a lake, the top layer of water, characterized in the summer by warm, circulating water. MPCA lake standards are based on water sampled from this layer. Eutrophic – a water body with high biological productivity. These lakes have murky water and an extensive macrophyte population. Algal blooms are common. Flow-weighted concentration – the total pollutant load divided by total flow, often expressed as mg/L. Grab sample – a water sample that is obtained by taking a single sample. Hardness – the concentration of salts (e.g. calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate) in a water sample. Hypereutrophic – a water body with excessive biological productivity. These lakes have very murky water, frequent algal blooms and fish kills, foul odor, and rough fish. Hypolimnion - the part of a lake below the thermocline made up of water that is stagnant and of essentially uniform temperature except during the period of overturn Illicit Discharge – Any discharge to the municipal separate storm sewer system that is not composed entirely of stormwater, except for discharges allowed under a NPDES permit or water used for firefighting operations (EPA). Impaired Waters – Waters that are not meeting their designated uses because of excess pollutants violating water quality standards (from the MPCA website). Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report iii

Load – the total volume of pollutant, often expressed in lbs or kg. Mesotrophic – a water body that has intermediate biological productivity. These lakes have moderately clear water, late-summer algal blooms, moderate macrophyte populations, and occasional fish kills. Normalized Pollutant Yield – This normalized yield accounts for temporal and spatial precipitation differences by dividing the pollutant yield by the number of inches of water runoff (water yield) in a subwatershed over a given period of time. It is expressed as pounds per acre per inch of runoff. Oligotrophic – a water body that has low biological productivity, and is characterized by clear water, few macrophytes, and salmonid fish. Secchi depth – a measure of the transparency of lake water. Storm flow – water flowing through the pipe during storm events. Storm flow usually occurs for a short amount of time, and has a high velocity. Stormwater – water that is not infiltrated into the soil during and following a rainfall event. Thermocline - the region in a thermally stratified body of water which separates warmer surface water from cold deep water and in which temperature decreases rapidly with depth Yield – the amount of pollutant produced per land area, often expressed as lbs/acre or kg/ha.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report iv

List of Figures Figure 1. Capitol Region Watershed District ........................................................................................5 Figure 2. Mississippi River Reference Site and 2012 CRWD Monitoring Sites ..................................8 Figure 3. Annual precipitation totals (2005-2012) as compared to the NWS 30-year normal ...........20 Figure 4. Monthly precipitation totals for 2012 in CRWD.................................................................21 Figure 5. Total Discharge at CRWD Monitoring Sites, 2005 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2012.................................................24 Figure 6. Storm and Base Discharge CRWD Monitoring Sites, 2012................................................25 Figure 7. Total Water Yield at CRWD Monitoring Sites, 2005-2012 ................................................26 Figure 8. Flow-Weighted Average TSS Concentrations at CRWD Monitoring Sites, 2005-2012 ....30 Figure 9. Flow-Weighted Average TP Concentrations at CRWD Monitoring Sites, 2005-2012 ......31 Figure 10. Storm and Base TSS Loads at CRWD Monitoring Sites, 2012 ........................................32 Figure 11. Storm and Base TP Loads at CRWD Monitoring Sites, 2012 ..........................................33 Figure 12. TSS Yields at CRWD Monitoring Sites ............................................................................34 Figure 13. Normalized TSS Yields at CRWD Monitoring Sites ........................................................35 Figure 14. Normalized TSS Yields Across CRWD Monitored Subwatersheds .................................36 Figure 15. TP Yields at CRWD Monitoring Sites ..............................................................................37 Figure 16. Normalized TP Yields at CRWD Monitoring Sites ..........................................................38 Figure 17. Normalized TP Yields Across CRWD Monitored Subwatersheds ...................................39 Figure 18. TSS Yields at Metro-Area Tributaries and CRWD Subwatershed Outlets .......................40 Figure 19. TP Yields at Metro-Area Tributaries and CRWD Subwatershed Outlets .........................41 Figure 20. 2012 Como Lake TP, Chl-a, and Secchi Depths ...............................................................55 Figure 21. 2012 Crosby Lake TP, Chl-a, and Secchi Depths .............................................................56 Figure 22. 2012 Little Crosby Lake TP, Chl-a, and Secchi Depths....................................................56 Figure 23. 2012 Loeb Lake TP, Chl-a, and Secchi Depths.................................................................57 Figure 24. 2012 Lake McCarrons TP, Chl-a, and Secchi Depths .......................................................57 Figure 25. 2012 and Historical Growing Season TP Averages ..........................................................58 Figure 26. 2012 and Historical Growing Season Chl-a Averages ......................................................59 Figure 27. 2012 and Historical Growing Season Secchi Depth Averages .........................................59 Figure 28. Como Lake Growing Season TP, Chl-a, and Secchi Depth Averages ..............................60 Figure 29. Crosby Lake Growing Season TP, Chl-a, and Secchi Depth Averages ............................61 Figure 30. Little Crosby Lake Growing Season TP, Chl-a, and Secchi Depth Averages ..................62 Figure 31. Loeb Lake Growing Season TP, Chl-a, and Secchi Depth Averages ...............................63 Figure 32. Lake McCarrons Growing Season TP, Chl-a, and Secchi Depth Averages ......................64 Figure 33. Sampling Sites in the Como Lake Subwatershed ..............................................................74 Figure 34. 2012 Como 7 Level, Discharge, and Rainfall ...................................................................79 Figure 35. 2012 Golf Course Pond Outlet Level, Discharge, and Rainfall ........................................80 Figure 36. Sampling Sites in the East Kittsondale Subwatershed ......................................................90 Figure 37. 2012 East Kittsondale Level, Discharge, and Rainfall ......................................................92 Figure 38. Sampling Sites in the Phalen Creek Subwatershed.......... ...............................................100 Figure 39. 2012 Phalen Creek Level, Discharge, and Rainfall .........................................................102 Figure 40. Sampling Sites in the St. Anthony Park Subwatershed ...................................................110 Figure 41. 2012 St. Anthony Park Level, Discharge, and Rainfall ..................................................112 Figure 42. 2012 Sarita Outlet Level, Discharge, and Rainfall ..........................................................118 Figure 43. Sampling Sites in the Trout Brook Subwatershed ...........................................................124 Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report v

Figure 44. Figure 45. Figure 46. Figure 47. Figure 48. Figure 49. Figure 50. Figure 51.

2012 Trout Brook â&#x20AC;&#x201C; West Branch Level, Discharge, and Rainfall .................................126 2012 Trout Brook â&#x20AC;&#x201C; East Branch Level, Discharge, and Rainfall ...................................134 2012 Trout Brook Outlet Level, Discharge, and Rainfall ...............................................142 Water Level Elevation and Precipitation at Arlington-Jackson Stormwater Pond, 2012....................................................................................................149 Water Level Elevation and Precipitation at Sims-Agate Stormwater Pond, 2012 ..........150 Water Level Elevation and Precipitation at Westminster-Mississippi Stormwater Pond, 2012....................................................................................................151 Water Level Elevation and Precipitation at Willow Reserve Stormwater Pond, 2012....................................................................................................152 Sampling Sites in the Lake McCarrons Subwatershed....................................................154

Figure 52. 2012 Villa Park Level, Discharge, and Rainfall ..............................................................156

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report vi

List of Tables Table 1. Sites Monitored in 2012.....................................................................................................11 Table 2. Analysis Method, Reporting Limit, and Holding Times for Water Chemistry Parameters Analyzed by MCES Laboratory.........................................................................................12 Table 3. Surface Water Quality Standards ........................................................................................17 Table 4. NSQD Stormwater Pollutant Median Values ....................................................................18 Table 5. The 2005 to 2012 annual precipitation totals as compared to the NWS 30-year normal. .19 Table 6. CRWD Monitoring Season Rainfall Amounts ..................................................................23 Table 7. CRWD Total Monitoring Days..........................................................................................23 Table 8. 2012 Monitoring Results Summary ...................................................................................29 Table 9. Pollutant Standards and Average Concentrations at Monitoring Sites and in the Mississippi River ...............................................................................................................42 Table 10. 2012 Metals Concentrations and exceedances at CRWD Sites and in the Mississippi River (mg/L) .....................................................................................................................45 Table 11. 2012 Baseflow Grab E. coli Concentrations at CRWD Monitoring Sites .......................46 Table 12. 2012 Stormflow Grab E. coli Concentrations at CRWD Monitoring Sites .....................47 Table 13. CRWD 2012 Median Stormwater Quality Data versus NSQD Median Data .................48 Table 14. Deep and Shallow Lake Water Quality Standards...........................................................51 Table 15. 2012 and Historical Water Quality Average Concentrations ..........................................58 Table 16. 2005 – 2012 Como 7 Subwatershed Monitoring Results ................................................75 Table 17. 2012 Como 7 Subwatershed Laboratory Data .................................................................77 Table 18. 2012 Como 7 Subwatershed Loading ..............................................................................81 Table 19. 2005 – 2012 East Kittsondale Monitoring Results ..........................................................91 Table 20. 2012 East Kittsondale Subwatershed Laboratory Data ...................................................93 Table 21. 2012 East Kittsondale Subwatershed Loading ................................................................95 Table 22. 2005 – 2012 Phalen Creek Monitoring Results .............................................................101 Table 23. 2012 Phalen Creek Laboratory Data ..............................................................................103 Table 24. 2012 Phalen Creek Loading ...........................................................................................105 Table 25. 2005 – 2012 St. Anthony Park Monitoring Results .......................................................111 Table 26. 2012 St. Anthony Park Laboratory Data .......................................................................113 Table 27. 2012 St. Anthony Park Loading ....................................................................................115 Table 28. 2006 – 2012 Sarita Outlet Monitoring Results ..............................................................117 Table 29. 2012 Sarita Outlet Laboratory Data ...............................................................................119 Table 30. 2012 Sarita Outlet Loading ............................................................................................121 Table 31. 2005 – 2012 Trout Brook - West Branch Monitoring Results ......................................125 Table 32. 2012 Trout Brook – West Branch Laboratory Data ......................................................127 Table 33. 2012 Trout Brook – West Branch Loading ...................................................................129 Table 34. 2006 – 2012 Trout Brook - East Branch Monitoring Results ........................................133 Table 35. 2012 Trout Brook – East Branch Laboratory Data ........................................................135 Table 36. 2012 Trout Brook – East Branch Loading .....................................................................137 Table 37. 2005 – 2012 Trout Brook Outlet Monitoring Results ...................................................141 Table 38. 2012 Trout Brook Outlet Laboratory Data ....................................................................143 Table 39. 2012 Trout Brook Outlet Loading .................................................................................145 Table 40. 2006 – 2012 Villa Park Outlet Monitoring Results .......................................................155 Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report vii

Table 41. Table 42. Table 43. Table 44. Table 45.

2012 Villa Park Outlet Laboratory Data ........................................................................157 2012 Villa Park Outlet Loading .....................................................................................159 2012 Metals Standards Based on Average Hardness.....................................................164 2012 Data Collection Efficiency at CRWD Monitoring Sites .......................................167 2012 Epilimnetic Data and Growing Season Averages .................................................168

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report viii

Chapter 1

Executive Summary

Capitol Region Watershed District (CRWD) in Ramsey County, Minnesota is a special purpose unit of government that manages and protects water resources within its watershed boundaries. CRWD is a 41 square mile subwatershed nested in the Upper Mississippi River basin that contains portions of five cities, including: Falcon Heights, Lauderdale, Maplewood, Roseville, and Saint Paul. CRWD is highly urbanized with a population of 245,000 and 42% impervious surface coverage. All runoff from CRWD eventually discharges to the Mississippi River from 55 outfall locations. A goal of CRWD is to understand and address the presence of pollutants and their impacts on water quality within the District in order to better protect and manage local water resources. Subsequently, CRWD established a monitoring program in 2004 to begin assessing water quality and quantity of various District subwatersheds and stormwater best management practices over time. In 2012 and previous years, CRWD collected water quality and continuous flow data from major subwatersheds, lakes, ponds, and stormwater BMPs. This report focuses on the water quality and quantity data collected during the 2012 monitoring year (January 2012-December 2012) and provides analysis of results for all monitored subwatersheds. In addition, historical water quality and quantity data from previous monitoring years (2005 through 2011) are reported for comparison to the 2012 data. The purpose of this report is to use the data to characterize overall watershed health and water quality trends over time which in turn will inform management decisions for continued improvement of District water resources. Within CRWD, there are sixteen major subwatersheds, six of which are currently monitored for water quantity and quality (St. Anthony Park, East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, Trout Brook, McCarrons, and Como). Within the six monitored subwatersheds, CRWD collected water quality and/or quantity data at twenty-two monitoring sites in 2012, including: ten “full water quality” stations with automated samplers and water level and velocity sensors; two “flow-only” stations with water level and velocity sensors; five water level sites; and five lakes. Also, six precipitation gauges collected rainfall data across the watershed. Samples were collected during both baseflow and stormflow periods and were analyzed for a suite of water quality parameters including nutrients, sediment, metals, and bacteria. Ramsey County Public Works Department (RCPW) monitored water quality of the five lakes in CRWD on a monthly or bi-monthly basis from May through September. The lakes were monitored for several water quality parameters including nutrients, sediment, water clarity, and chlorophyll-a. The total amount of precipitation for the 2012 calendar year was 30.26 inches which was slightly less than the NWS 30-year normal of 30.61 inches. May 2012 was the wettest month, comprising 33% of the total annual precipitation amount for 2012. The months of August to November 2012 were unseasonably dry and drought-like. Therefore, the majority of precipitation events in 2012 occurred between April and July 2012.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 1

During the 2012 monitoring period, CRWD stormwater monitoring sites had less total discharge than the two previous years (2010 and 2011) due to a decrease in total annual precipitation. Total discharge and water yield varied at individual monitoring sites depending on the cumulative number of days in the monitoring period and the total contributing drainage area. In 2012, total phosphorous (TP) concentrations generally increased at all monitoring sites in comparison to 2011 TP average concentrations. The highest total TP loads were generated from Trout Brook Outlet and Trout Brook–West Branch. The Trout Brook-West Branch subwatershed generated the highest TP yield with 1.674 lb/ac. The next highest TP yields for all monitored subwatersheds were Phalen Creek (1.026 lb/ac) and Trout Brook Outlet (0.828 lb/ac). East Kittsondale had the highest normalized TP pollutant yields (0.056 lb/ac/in runoff). The 2012 total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations were comparable to the 2011 average concentrations. The highest TSS loads were generated from Trout Brook–West Branch (1,281,255 lbs) and Trout Brook Outlet (1,203,283 lbs). Trout Brook–West Branch generated the highest TSS yield (506 lb/ac). East Kittsondale (381 lb/ac) and Phalen Creek (295 lb/ac) had the next highest TSS yields. Of the four subwatershed outlet sites, the highest normalized TSS pollutant yields were at East Kittsondale (28 lb/ac/in runoff). Compared to the Mississippi River at Lamberts Landing, CRWD sites were significantly more concentrated in pollutants. CRWD sites also exceeded water quality standards for several nutrients. Metals standards were exceeded during storm events, illicit discharges, and averaged yearly flows at some sites. Compared to other metro-area tributaries, CRWD sites generally produced more pollutants per acre. Bacteria concentrations of E. coli exceeded the maximum standard at all sites during most storm events. In 2012, the water quality of the five District lakes (Como, McCarrons, Loeb, Crosby, and Little Crosby) varied by water body and by time of year. Based on the MPCA eutrophication numeric water quality standards, Loeb Lake and Lake McCarrons met the MPCA standards for all parameters during the 2012 growing season (May-September). Both Crosby Lake and Little Crosby Lake met the MPCA shallow lake standards for Chl-a concentration and Secchi depth, while they both failed for TP concentration. Como Lake did not meet any of the MPCA shallow lake standards for Secchi depth, TP, and Chl-a concentrations during 2012 growing season. Based on the results and findings of the 2012 Monitoring Report, CRWD has several goals and recommendations for 2013 to continue improving the monitoring program and the water quantity and quality dataset. Specifically, CRWD aims to complete the following in 2013: •

Collaborate with Mississippi Watershed Management Organization (MWMO) and foster partnerships with various research groups from the University of Minnesota to broaden our understanding of urban hydrology and pollutant loading

•

Review the CRWD monitoring program to: evaluate goals; ensure methods, sites, and activities are assisting in meeting the monitoring program goals; and improve overall efficiency of monitoring activities and data quality. Specifically, evaluate and improve: o Data analysis methods, monitoring equipment and technology, monitoring site locations, laboratory services, and lakes biological data collection Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 2

Chapter 2

Introduction

Capitol Region Watershed District (CRWD) is located in Ramsey County, Minnesota in the Twin Cities metropolitan area. CRWD is a special purpose unit of government formed in 1998 to manage and protect all water resources within the District boundaries. CRWD is a small subwatershed nested in the Upper Mississippi River basin with all runoff eventually discharging directly to the Mississippi River. CRWD contains portions of five cities, including: Falcon Heights, Lauderdale, Maplewood, Roseville, and Saint Paul (Figure 1). CRWD is highly urbanized with a population of 245,000 and 42% impervious surface coverage. Land use in the watershed is primarily residential with tracts of commercial, industrial, and institutional uses. Urban development in the watershed over time has significantly impacted the health and sustainability of the Mississippi River as well as CRWD lakes, wetlands, and streams. Impervious surfaces generate polluted stormwater runoff which causes poor water quality, increased peak storm flows, decreased groundwater recharge, increased flooding, and loss of aquatic and wildlife habitat. Subsequently, stormwater runoff is one of the most significant sources of pollution to CRWD water resources. It delivers fertilizers, pesticides, pet and wildlife waste, nutrients, sediment, heavy metals, and other anthropogenic pollutants to local water bodies. As stormwater runs off the urban landscape, it is collected and conveyed through an extensive network of underground storm sewer pipes that eventually drain to the Mississippi River. A total of 55 outlet pipes discharge into the thirteen mile stretch of the Mississippi River bordering CRWD. Both historical and current water quality data of CRWD lakes, ponds, and the Mississippi River indicate that these water bodies are impaired for various pollutants including nutrients, bacteria, and turbidity and are not meeting their designated uses for fishing, aquatic habitat, and recreation. The Mississippi River and Como Lake are listed on the Minnesota Pollution Control Agencyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s (MPCA) 2010 303(d) list of impaired waters. Impaired waters require a total maximum daily load (TMDL) study, or pollution budget, for pollutants including bacteria, nutrients, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and turbidity (MPCA, 2010). The nutrient of primary concern in CRWD is phosphorus. Phosphorus is a biological nutrient which limits the growth of algae in most lakes and streams and is often found in high concentrations in stormwater. Phosphorus occurs naturally in the environment, but in excess, it can cause the overgrowth of algae and aquatic plants in lakes and rivers which reduces dissolved oxygen levels and increases turbidity of the water column. Common sources of phosphorous include fertilizers from lawns and gardens, leaves and grass clippings, pet and wildlife waste, automobile emissions, and wastewater treatment plant discharges. Sediment is another major constituent of stormwater runoff that negatively impacts water clarity and impairs benthic aquatic habitat. Its reduction or removal from stormwater is essential because other pollutants, such as phosphorus, adhere to sediment particles and are transported in suspension. Sediment originates from erosion of soil particles from construction sites, stream banks, and lake shores as well as sand application to streets, highways, and parking lots for deicing in the winter. Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 3

Heavy metals, such as lead and mercury, are also pollutants of concern in CRWD. Runoff from road surfaces is a significant contributor of heavy metals. Potential sources of metals include auto exhaust, tire wear, brakes, and some winter de-icing agents. Pathogens, which include bacteria and viruses, also contribute to the water quality degradation of CRWD water resources. They impact recreation and pose potential health risks to humans. Sources of pathogens include illicit sanitary connections to storm drains, and animal waste. CRWD was formed to understand and address these impacts and better protect and manage local water resources. In 2004, CRWD established a monitoring program to assess water quality and quantity of various subwatersheds and stormwater best management practices (BMPs) owned and/or operated and maintained by CRWD. Prior to the CRWD monitoring program, limited data was available on stormwater quantity and quality in the watershed. Since its establishment, the CRWD monitoring program has formed a foundation for initiatives, programs, and standards which allow for the characterization of District water resources and identification of water quality trends over time. The objectives of the program are to identify water quality problem areas, quantify the subwatershed runoff pollutant loadings to the Mississippi River, evaluate the effectiveness of BMPs, and provide data for the calibration of hydrologic, hydraulic, and water quality models. CRWD collects water quality and continuous flow data from major subwatersheds, stormwater ponds, lakes, and stormwater BMPs. There are a total of sixteen major subwatersheds in CRWD and monitoring is currently conducted in six subwatersheds (Figure 1). The six subwatersheds that are monitored include: • •

Como East Kittsondale

• •

McCarrons Phalen Creek

• •

St. Anthony Park Trout Brook

The CRWD 2012 Monitoring Report presents information on CRWD’s water quality monitoring program, including data collection methods and results for water quality and flow monitoring of subwatersheds, stormwater ponds, and lakes throughout the District. Four of the major subwatershed sites monitored by CRWD directly outlet to the Mississippi River. Five of the monitored minor subwatershed outlet sites are located within the Como, McCarrons, St. Anthony Park, and Trout Brook subwatersheds. Results and analysis of CRWD wetlands and stormwater BMPs are discussed in separate reports. An assessment of CRWD wetlands may be found in the 2008 CRWD Wetland Assessment Report (CRWD, 2009). A complete assessment of the effectiveness of stormwater BMPs within CRWD is presented in the BMP Performance and Cost-Benefit Analysis (CRWD, 2012).

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 4

Figure 1. Capitol Region Watershed District. Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 5

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 6

Chapter 3 3a

Stormwater Monitoring

Monitoring Locations

In 2012, CRWD collected water quality and quantity data at seventeen monitoring sites in the District: ten full water quality stations, two flow-only stations, and five level logger sites (Figure 2). Also, six precipitation gauges collected rainfall data across the watershed. At each full water quality station, both water quality and quantity data was collected. The ten full water quality stations were located at (Figure 2): 1) Upper watershed of the St. Anthony Park subwatershed as it drains through the Sarita Wetland (Sarita) 2) St. Anthony Park subwatershed (St. Anthony Park) 3) East Kittsondale subwatershed (East Kittsondale) 4) Phalen Creek subwatershed (Phalen Creek) 5) Como 7 subwatershed, (Como 7) 6) Como 7 subwatershed, (Como Park Regional Pond) 7) East Branch of the Trout Brook Storm Sewer Interceptor (Trout Brook â&#x20AC;&#x201C; East Branch) 8) West Branch of the Trout Brook Storm Sewer Interceptor (Trout Brook â&#x20AC;&#x201C; West Branch) 9) Outlet of the Trout Brook Storm Sewer Interceptor (Trout Brook Outlet) 10) Villa Park Wetland outlet, located in the lower western watershed of the Lake McCarrons subwatershed (Villa Park)

Four of the full water quality stations (2, 3, 4, and 9) are positioned at or near the outlets of subwatersheds which drain directly to the Mississippi River. The remaining six full water quality stations are located within four minor subwatersheds (Como, Lake McCarrons, St. Anthony Park, and Trout Brook subwatersheds). CRWD has 16 major subwatersheds. Two stations are operated at the outlets of Como Lake and Lake McCarrons to determine the amount of discharge from the lakes into the Trout Brook Storm Sewer Interceptor. A station is also operated at the emergency overflow structure for the Villa Park Wetland. Water level monitoring stations are also operated at four storm ponds in the Trout Brook subwatershed and the data is used to calibrate and update models for the Trout Brook Storm Sewer Interceptor. The storm ponds monitored are Arlington-Jackson, Sims-Agate, Westminster-Mississippi, and Willow Reserve (Figure 2). Six precipitation gauges are positioned throughout the watershed. They are located at Highland Park, the CRWD office, the Villa Park Outlet monitoring site, Saint Paul Fire Station No. 1, the Trout Brook East Branch monitoring site, and the Westminster-Mississippi stormwater pond (Figure 2). CRWD also obtains precipitation data reported by the Minnesota Climatology Research Group (University of Minnesota- St. Paul) and by the National Weather Service (NWS).

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 7

Figure 2. Mississippi River Reference Site and 2012 CRWD Monitoring Sites.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 8

Monitoring Methods and Analysis

3b.1 Data Collection Methods Full water quality stations consisted of an area-velocity sensor and an automated water sampler. The area-velocity sensors are secured to the base and center of the pipe or channel and connected to the automated water sampler housed above ground. Area-velocity sensors measured and recorded water depth and velocity every 10 minutes. This data was used to calculate discharge or water flow at the site. When the flow of water reached a specified depth or velocity, the sampler engaged to collect water samples. A sample was collected after a specified volume of water passed through the site in order to collect samples over the entire hydrograph. This provides a better representation of stormwater quality throughout the entirety of a storm or base flow event rather than taking a single grab sample. These individual samples were combined and mixed to produce a single composite sample. Two different sampler sizes were used: a compact sampler and a full-size sampler. A compact sampler can collect up to 48- 200 milliliter (mL) samples. A full-size sampler can take 96- 200 mL samples. To composite the samples, the sample bottles were shaken until sampled water became homogenous and the 200 mL samples collected in the sampler bottles (2 samples per bottle) were poured together into a 14-L churn sample splitter and thoroughly mixed to create a homogenous sample. Once mixed, the homogenous sample was distributed to seven sample bottles (with varying volumes) and submitted for analysis to Pace Analytical Services. Water quality samples were collected during storm events at the ten full water quality sites. With the exception of the Sarita, Como 7, and Como Regional Pond sites, monitoring stations had constant sustained baseflow during dry weather periods. Composite samples of this dry weather flow were also taken at these sites twice a month from March through November. During the winter, monthly baseflow grab samples were taken at all of the full water quality sites except for the Sarita, Como 7, and Como Regional Pond sites. Bacteria grab samples for Escherichia coli (E. coli) were taken at all sites during storm events depending on the time of day and precipitation amount. At the seven sites with baseflow, bacteria base grab samples were collected twice a month during dry weather from March through November and monthly during the winter. Bacteria grab samples for E. coli were collected directly into sterilized containers during storm events and baseflow periods and delivered immediately to the lab for analyses due to the short holding time (6 hours). After sample collection, water quality samples were delivered to Pace Analytical Services or the Metropolitan Council Environmental Services (MCES) Laboratory for analysis. The chemical parameters, method of analysis, and holding times are listed in Table 2. If the lab analysis occurred after the holding time of a given chemical parameter had expired, that chemical parameter was not analyzed. The flow-only stations positioned at the outlets of Como Lake and Lake McCarrons use two different methods to collect and determine discharge data. At the Como Lake outlet, flow is regulated by a wooden weir in a manhole. A level sensor was placed on the upstream side of the weir. When the level recorded exceeds the distance between the sensor and the weir, the structure was experiencing outflow. The volume was then calculated based on the dimensions of the weir (area) and the periods of recorded outflow (velocity). At the Lake McCarrons outlet, an area-velocity sensor connected to a data logger Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 9

collected and recorded water depth and velocity every ten minutes. This data was used to calculate discharge at the site. Level logger stations were operated at four storm ponds within the Trout Brook subwatershed (Figure 2, Table 1). The data collected at these sites is used to track pond level in relation to precipitation. Also, the data is used to calibrate the hydrologic and hydraulic model for the Trout Brook Storm Sewer Interceptor. A pressure transducer was secured at a known depth in the pond and connected to a data logger which continuously recorded stage every ten minutes. The logger locations were surveyed relative to a known benchmark, which allowed the stage data to be converted to true elevation. Precipitation was measured using automatic and manual rain gauges (Figure 2, Table 1). The Highland Park, Trout Brook - East Branch, and Saint Paul Fire Station No. 1 precipitation monitoring sites used automatic tipping bucket rain gauges which record precipitation amounts continuously during storm events. Manual rain gauges were used at the CRWD office, Villa Park, and Westminster-Mississippi locations. The manual rain gauge at the CRWD office was checked and emptied each workday. Manual rain gauges at the Villa Park and Westminster-Mississippi sites were checked and emptied after every storm event. Also, precipitation data was recorded every 15 minutes by the Minnesota Climatology Research Group at the St. Paul campus of the University of Minnesota. This data was used to determine daily, monthly, and annual rainfall amounts for the Capitol Region watershed. It is acknowledged that a low level of variability exists spatially and temporally for precipitation events within the District. However, previous watershed model calibration within the District has shown that the precipitation amount at this site adequately represents that data in the District.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 10

Table 1. Sites Monitored in 2012.

Site Name Como 7 Como Park Regional Pond East Kittsondale Phalen Creek Sarita St. Anthony Park Trout Brook - East Branch Trout Brook - West Branch Trout Brook Outlet Villa Park Como Outlet McCarrons Outlet Arlington-Jackson Sims-Agate Westminster-Mississippi Willow Reserve Villa Park Overflow Highland Park St. Paul Fire Station Trout Brook - East Branch CRWD Office Villa Park Westminster-Mississippi

Description Storm Sewer Storm Sewer Storm Sewer Storm Sewer Storm Sewer Storm Sewer Storm Sewer Storm Sewer Storm Sewer Wetland Lake Outlet Lake Outlet Storm Pond Storm Pond Storm Pond Storm Pond Wetland Precipitation Precipitation Precipitation Precipitation Precipitation Precipitation

Type Full Water Quality Full Water Quality Full Water Quality Full Water Quality Full Water Quality Full Water Quality Full Water Quality Full Water Quality Full Water Quality Full Water Quality Continuous Level Continuous Flow Continuous Level Continuous Level Continuous Level Continuous Level Continuous Level Automatic Gauge Automatic Gauge Automatic Gauge Manual Gauge Manual Gauge Manual Gauge

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 11

Table 2.

Analysis Method, Reporting Limit, and Holding Times for Water Chemistry Parameters Analyzed by Pace Analytical and MCES Laboratory for 2012.

Parameter Orthophosphate as P Chloride Cadmium Chromium Copper Lead Potassium Nickel Zinc Nitrogen, Ammonia Nitrogen, Kjeldahl, Total Phosphorus Nitrate as N Nitrite as N Total Dissolved Solids Total Suspended Solids Total Volatile Solids Volatile Suspended Soilds Hardness Carbonaceous BOD, 5 day Sulfate Fluoride Calcium pH at 25 Degrees C

Analysis Method, Reporting Limit, and Holding Times for Water Chemistry Parameters Analyzed by Pace Analytical Abbreviation Method Reporting Limit Method Detection Limit Units Ortho-P SM 4500-P E 0.02 0.01 mg/L Cl SM 4500-Cl E 10 1 mg/L Cd EPA 200.8 0.00008 0.000028 mg/L Cr EPA 200.8 0.0005 0.000094 mg/L Cu EPA 200.8 0.0005 0.00025 mg/L Pb EPA 200.8 0.0001 0.000018 mg/L K EPA 200.8 0.02 0.0052 mg/L Ni EPA 200.8 0.0005 0.000091 mg/L Zn EPA 200.8 0.005 0.0025 mg/L NH3 EPA 350.1 0.04 0.02 mg/L TKN EPA 351.2 1 0.35 mg/L TP SM 4500-P E 0.1 0.05 mg/L NO3 SM 4500-NO3 H 0.1 0.1 mg/L NO2 SM 4500-NO2 B 0.1 0.05 mg/L TDS SM 2540C 20 10 mg/L TSS SM 2540D 4 2 mg/L TVS EPA 160.4 10 5 mg/L VSS SM 2540-E 1 mg/L Hardness EPA 200.8 0.071 0.0355 mg/L cBOD Hach 10360 Rev 1.1 2 1 mg/L SO4 ASTM D516-02 2.5 0.012 mg/L Fl EPA 300.0 0.1 0.012 mg/L Ca EPA 200.7 0.5 0.0072 mg/L pH SM 4500-H+B 0.1 0.05 Std. Units

Holding Time 48 hours 28 days 6 months 6 months 6 months 6 months 6 months 6 months 6 months 28 days 28 days 28 days 48 hours 48 hours 7 days 7 days 7 days 6 months 48 hours 28 days 28 days 6 months 15 minutes

EPA: Environmental Protection Agency SM: Standard Methods

Parameter Escherichia Coli

Analysis Method, Reporting Limit, and Holding Times for Water Chemistry Parameters Analyzed by Met Council Environmental Services Abbreviation Method Reporting Limit Method Detection Limit Units Holding Time E. coli Colilert and Colilert-18 with Quanti-Tray/2000 method NA 1 /100 mL MPN/100 mL 6 hours

3b.2 Monitoring Data Quality Assurance Six of the full water quality sites (St. Anthony Park, East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, Trout Brook â&#x20AC;&#x201C; East Branch, Trout Brook â&#x20AC;&#x201C; West Branch, and Trout Brook Outlet) were monitored for the entire calendar year in 2012. That is, they had an automatic sampler installed from March to November, and a flow logger installed during the winter months from November to March. All other full water quality, flow logger, level logger, and precipitation monitoring sites were generally operational from April to November 2012. The full water quality sites that were installed for the entire year in 2012 collected data for an average of 350.3 days. CRWD achieved an average monitoring efficiency of 96% at the all-year full water quality sites in 2012, meaning that 96% of all potential data was collected during the calendar year (Appendix C, Table 44). Missing data accounted for the remaining 4% and is due to equipment failure, power failure, flooding, and vandalism. Monitoring at other sites was 100% efficient during the periods they were installed, except for Como 7, which had 99% efficiency. Sites with 100% efficiency included Villa Park, Sarita, and the continuous level monitoring sites. After the 2012 monitoring season was completed, flow data was quality checked and corrected by removing points with missing data or negative values and interpolating their values between good data Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 12

points. If there were extended periods of missing data in which there were no storm events, an average baseflow level and velocity were calculated and substituted. For missing storm events where velocity did not log accurately, a regression equation was developed using level and velocity data from good periods of stormflow record. The equation for the regression line was then used to determine velocity for those periods of missing data. If this was not possible or there were storm events during this time, the data was left as missing and not factored into discharge calculations. The 2012 water quality sample data reported by Pace Analytical and the MCES lab was also rigorously checked for quality. The reported sample times and dates were compared with field notes as well as the lab chain of custody forms. Also, any abnormally high or low sample values were denoted and crosschecked with field notes to ensure the parameter value was commensurate with the conditions of the day in which the sample was taken. Sample results that were reported with qualifiers by Pace, such as exceeded holding time, estimated values, below the lab reporting limit, or below the instrument detection limit, were identified and denoted in the lab results tables (Appendix A). It should be noted that the Pace reporting limit for TP in 2012 was 0.1 mg/L, which in comparison to CRWD lab data from previous years was reported at 0.01 mg/L by MCES. This change in lab reporting limits for TP was particularly noticeable when calculating TP average annual concentrations for baseflow samples since TP concentrations are typically below 0.1 mg/L during these flow events. Therefore, in order to make the 2012 TP data comparable to previous years, all TP values that were at the Pace reporting limit of 0.1 mg/L were halved and reported at 0.05 mg/L. The halved values were shown to have no statistical difference to TP data reported in previous CRWD monitoring years, which was independently verified by Barr Engineering in a detailed review and report of CRWD lab data (report dated May 2013) (Barr, 2013).

3b.3 Total Discharge and Pollutant Load Calculations For all full water quality monitoring sites, the stage, velocity, and water quality data collected were used to calculate total discharge and pollutant loads for total phosphorus (TP), and total suspended solids (TSS). Discharge and pollutant loads were calculated for each base, storm, snowmelt, and illicit discharge event at all sites, as well as total discharge and loads for the entire monitoring season. At the sites monitored all year, the totals represent annual discharges and loads. At Como 7, Sarita, and Villa Park, monitoring equipment cannot be operated during the winter months because equipment failure or damage can occur from freezing temperatures and ice formation. Also. Sarita and Como 7 do not have baseflow. The 2012 reported discharge and loads for these sites (Como 7, Sarita, and Villa Park) is only representative of March through November. Total discharge and pollutant loads for the Como 7 Subwatershed include combined data from the Como 7 monitoring site and the outlet for the Como Park Regional Pond. The outflow from the pond discharges into a storm sewer just downstream of the Como 7 monitoring site. Analysis of the combined Como 7 and Como Park Regional Pond Outlet site data was done in accordance with all other full water quality monitoring sites. For Villa Park, total discharge and pollutant loads also include any discharge flowing through the emergency overflow near the outlet of the wetland system. Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 13

3b.4 Total Flow and Pollutant Load Calculations Total discharge for each event was calculated using Isco Flowlink速 (Version 5.1) software. To begin calculating discharge, the flow data was separated into base, storm, snowmelt, and illicit discharge events. Next, discharge for every 10 minute time interval across the event was summed to determine total discharge for a particular event. TP and TSS loads were calculated for each interval using the following equation:

Where EMC = Event Mean Concentration (mg/L) cf=cubic feet (ft3) Total discharge and pollutant load subtotals were calculated for each event type (i.e. base, storm, snowmelt, and illicit discharge) for the entire monitoring season. Event discharge and TP and TSS loads for each event type were summed to produce total discharge and pollutant loads for the entire monitoring season.

3b.5 Flow Weighted Average (FWA) Concentration Calculations TP and TSS event concentrations were used to calculate TP and TSS loads for the corresponding sampled event interval. For those event intervals in which samples were not collected, an average concentration for TP or TSS was applied. The average concentration is the average of all samples collected, unless otherwise noted in the lab tables for each monitoring site, for a given event type (i.e. base, storm, snowmelt, or illicit discharge) for the entire monitoring season. Flow weighted averages (FWA) for TP and TSS were also calculated for each flow type for the entire monitoring season (i.e. storm flow-weighted average TP/TSS concentration) as well as for all interval types for the entire monitoring season (total flow weighted average). FWA concentrations take into account the differences between base and stormflow because pollutant concentrations tend to be higher during storm events. However, storm events generally account for less of the total annual discharge. FWA concentrations for TP and TSS for each flow type were calculated using the following equation:

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 14

Total FWAs for TP and TSS for the entire monitoring season were calculated using the following equation:

3b.6 Pollutant Yield and Normalized Pollutant Yield Calculations To make useful and valid comparisons of stormwater monitoring data between 2012 full water quality data and previous monitoring years, the data was normalized to eliminate the influence of subwatershed size and annual precipitation. Annual yields for total discharge and total TP and TSS loads for each full water quality monitoring site were calculated. This allows for site-by-site comparisons of the monitoring data by removing the influence of drainage area. Water yields were calculated using the following equation:

Pollutant yields for TP and TSS were calculated using the following equation:

The total TP and TSS load data was also normalized to account for temporal and spatial differences in precipitation. By removing the influence of year-to-year variation in precipitation, trends of pollutants loads are more easily recognizable. Normalized pollutant yields were calculated in two steps. First, total runoff (in inches) was calculated for each full water quality monitoring site. The amount of runoff was calculated using the following equation:

Next the normalized TP and TSS yield was calculated. Normalized TP and TSS yields were calculated using the following equation:

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 15

3b.7 Federal and State Surface Water Quality Standards Comparison At present, there are no federal or state water quality standards for stormwater. The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have established surface water quality standards for only certain water quality parameters. Regardless, CRWDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s stormwater flows into the Mississippi River, so it is useful to compare the stormwater data to surface water quality standards, which serve as a benchmark to consider for each pollutant (Table 3). TP and TSS Standards Because the MPCA has not established stormwater standards for TSS and TP, the data was compared to the TP and TSS values of Lambertâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Landing, a Mississippi River monitoring station just downstream of the District. Additionally, the TSS values were compared against the South Metro Mississippi Total Suspended Solids TMDL, and the TP values were compared against the Lake Pepin Excess Nutrient TMDL. When comparing CRWD TP and TSS concentrations to water quality standards, FWA concentrations were used. Chronic Metals Standards State water quality standards for chronic exposure to metals, are based on a function of hardness as outlined in Minnesota Rule 7050.0222 for Class 2B waters. Class 2B waters are waters used for the purpose of aquatic life and recreation that are not protected for drinking water. These standards are set at the lowest concentration of a chemical for which chronic exposure will cause harm to aquatic organisms. In order to make comparisons between CRWD metals data to state standards and other reference locations, calculation of the state standards was completed. Bacteria Standard For E. coli bacteria, the MPCA has set the following two provisions as a standard: 1. With greater than five samples taken in a calendar month (April to November), the E. coli concentration geometric mean shall be less than 126 cfu/100mL. 2. No more than ten percent of all samples taken during a calendar month (April to November) shall exceed 1,260 cfu/100mL CRWD collects a limited number of E. coli samples each month from April to November (two base samples and occasional storm samples), so the MPCA monitoring requirements of the E. coli geometric mean standard of 126 cfu/100mL cannot be typically met. Instead, CRWD compares individual E. coli monitoring results to the maximum value of the standard, 1,260 cfu/100mL. This comparison provides a benchmark only for comparing CRWD bacteria data and does not imply whether or not the full bacteria standard is being met. The MCES lab measures E. coli as the most probable number per 100 milliliters of water (mpn/100mL). Research shows that mpn/100mL is comparable to cfu/100mL (Massa et al., 2001).

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 16

Table 3. Surface Water Quality Standards. Water Body Use/Exposure

Parameter Agency

Standard

Units

MPCA, 2011

Surface aquatic life & recreationc/chronicd

230

mg/L

MPCA, 2011

Surface aquatic life & recreationc/chronicd

NAe

mg/L

MPCA, 2011

Surface aquatic life & recreation /chronic

MPCA, 2011

Surface aquatic life & recreation /chronic

E. coli

MPCA, 2011

NH3

MPCA, 2011

Surface aquatic life & recreationc/chronicd c d Surface aquatic life & recreation /chronic

MPCA, 2010

Surface aquatic life & recreation /chronic

MPCA, 2010

1,260f MPN/100 mL g 0.04 mg/L

MPCA, 1993

TSS

MPCA, 1993

MPCA, 2010

Stream

aquatic life & recreation /chronic

Stream

mg/L

Surface aquatic life & recreation /chronic a

NA 0.13

aquatic life & recreation /chronic c d Surface aquatic life & recreation /chronic

14 NAe

mg/L

a. MPCA document authored by McCollor and Heiskary (1993). b. NCHF ecoregion averages from minimally impacted streams (McCollor and Heiskary, 1993). c. Applies to Class 2B waters. d. Concentrations apply to chronic exposure. e. T he standard is a dependent on water hardness; See T able 41, in Appendix B for the calculated standards. f. Maximum value standard. g. T he standard

3b.8 Mississippi River Reference Site and Twin Cities Metro-Area Tributaries Comparisons In addition to comparing CRWD results to state surface water quality standards, CRWD total TP and TSS FWA concentrations were compared to the average TP and TSS concentrations of the Mississippi River at Lambertâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Landing (Figure 2). MCES monitors the Mississippi River at Lambertâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Landing, river mile 839.1, which is downstream from the Wabasha Street Bridge in St. Paul. MCES also monitors the mouths of several tributaries in the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area, including Bassett Creek, Battle Creek, Fish Creek and Minnehaha Creeks. These are all open channels that discharge to the Mississippi River. Total TP and TSS yields for CRWD subwatershed outlet sites (East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, St. Anthony Park, and Trout Brook Outlet) were compared to the yields of these other metro-area tributaries to determine the relative impacts to the Mississippi River. CRWD yields are conservative estimates since monitoring is not always conducted for the full year at each site; whereas, MCES monitors the creek outlets for the entire year.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 17

3b.9 National Urban Stormwater Quality Comparisons Researchers from the University of Alabama and the Center for Watershed Protection have created an extensive database of stormwater data from urbanized areas by assembling and evaluating stormwater monitoring data from a representative number of National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) Phase I stormwater permit holders. The goals of the National Stormwater Quality Database (NSQD) are to describe the characteristics of national stormwater quality, to provide guidance for future sampling needs, and to enhance local stormwater management activities in areas having limited data. Over nearly a ten-year period, stormwater quality data from 3,765 storm events and 65 municipalities in 17 states including Minnesota was assembled and entered into the first version of the NSQD (Maestre and Pitt, 2005). The NSQD, Version 1.1 was extensively reviewed for quality assurance and control and statistical analyses were performed to characterize and understand the pollutant data. Although the NSQD, Version 1.1 includes only a small set of data from the Midwest and northeast portions of the country, which have similar climatic conditions, it still provides a useful comparison of how polluted stormwater in CRWD is compared to the rest of the country. The database includes stormwater quality data for various land use types including commercial, freeway, industrial, open space, residential, and several categories of mixed uses. Forty two percent of the land in CRWD is comprised of impervious surfaces with the predominant land uses of mixed residential, commercial, and industrial. CRWDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s stormwater quality data was compared to the NSQDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mixed residential land use category, which has a median impervious percentage of 45%. The table below presents the NSQD median data values for the mixed residential land use category.

Table 4. NSQD Stormwater Median Values.

Parameter Area (acres) % Impervious Precipitation Depth (in.) Escherichia coli (mpn/100mL) Total Suspended Solids (mg/L) Total Phosphorous (mg/L) Ammonia (mg/L) Nitrate+Nitrite (mg/L) Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (mg/L) Cadmium (mg/L) Chromium (mg/L) Copper (mg/L) Lead (mg/L) Nickel (mg/L) Zinc (mg/L)

Median Value 150.8 44.9 0.53 1,050 66 0.28 0.39 0.57 1.40 0.0009 0.0070 0.0160 0.0160 0.0078 0.0950

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 18

Climatological Summary

CRWD utilizes climatological data collected by the Minnesota Climatology Research Group (University of Minnesotaâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;St. Paul) and by the National Weather Service (NWS) to assist with calculating annual precipitation, annual runoff, and annual loading. The Minnesota Climatology Research Group records precipitation every fifteen minutes from an automatic rain gauge located on the University of Minnesotaâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;St. Paul Campus (UMN). This rain gauge is located approximately two miles west of the CRWD office. The data is reported on a public website (http://climate.umn.edu/). The 15-minute precipitation data was used to calculate hourly precipitation totals, monthly precipitation totals, and annual precipitation totals. Table 5 lists the annual precipitation totals for 2005 through 2012. Additionally, CRWD obtains daily precipitation totals from by a NWS weather station located at the Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport. Data was retrieved weekly from a public website (http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/index.php?wfo=mpx). This weather station is located approximately ten miles south of the CRWD office. The 2005 to 2012 annual precipitation data was compared to the NWS 30-year normal values for the Minneapolis-St. Paul region in Table 5 and graphically in Figure 3. In reports published prior to 2011, the 30-year normal value of 29.41 inches was used, representing precipitation data from1971 to 2000. The NWS recalculates the 30-year normal every ten years, so in 2011 the value was changed to represent precipitation data from 1981 to 2010. The 30-year normal, calculated as 30.61 inches for the 1981 to 2010 time period, is used in all CRWD monitoring reports from 2011 and forward. Table 5. The 2005 to 2011 annual precipitation totals as compared to the NWS 30-year normal. Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 NWS 30-Year Normal (19812010) a

Precipitation (inches)a 35.98 31.69 29.72 21.67 23.34 36.32 33.62 30.26

Departure from NWS Normal (+) 5.37" (+) 1.08" (-) 0.89" (-) 8.94" (-) 7.27" (+) 5.71" (+) 3.01" (-) 0.35"

30.61

Annual precipitation reported by the Minnesota Climatology Research Group (UMN)

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 19

35 30.61

Precipitation (inches)

20 36.32

35.98 31.69

33.62 30.26

29.72 21.67

23.34

0 2005

2006

2007

Precipitation (inches)

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

NWS 30-Year Normal (1981-2010)

Figure 3. Annual precipitation totals (2005-2012) as compared to the NWS 30-year normal.

The total amount of precipitation for the 2012 calendar year (30.26 inches) was only 0.35 inches less than the NWS 30-year normal (30.61 inches). While the total precipitation amount was near the NWS 30-year normal, monthly precipitation totals greatly varied throughout the year. Figure 4 compares 2012 monthly precipitation totals to the long term monthly averages from 1981-2010 as reported by the National Climactic Data Center (Minneapolis-St. Paul). May 2012 was the wettest month (10.1 inches of rain), comprising 33% of the total annual precipitation amount for 2012 (Figure 4). Both May and July 2012 greatly exceeded the long term monthly averages whereas August through November 2012 had uncharacteristically low precipitation amounts. The months of August to November 2012 were unseasonably dry and drought-like. Thus, the majority of precipitation events in 2012 occurred from April to July 2012.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 20

11 2012 Monthly Precipitation Totals Long Term Monthly Averages

10 9 Precipitation (inches)

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May June July Aug Sept 2012 Monthly Precipitation Totals

Oct

Figure 4. Monthly precipitation totals for 2012 in CRWD.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 21

Nov

Dec

Summary of Results

The total precipitation measured in CRWD in 2012 (30.26 inches) was average in comparison to the 30year normal average (30.61 inches) (NWS, 2012). The months of May and July experienced the most rain, while January and September were the driest of months in 2012 (Figure 4). Total measured rainfall amounts were similar among all of the sites but were higher for sites monitored throughout the year due to a lengthier monitoring period (Table 6). During the 2012 monitoring period, CRWD stormwater monitoring sites had less total discharge than the two previous years (2010 and 2011) due to a decrease in total annual precipitation (Figure 5). Total discharge and water yield varied at individual monitoring sites depending on the cumulative number of days in the monitoring period and the total contributing drainage area. In 2012, total phosphorous (TP) concentrations generally increased at all monitoring sites (except Trout Brook Outlet) in comparison to 2011 TP average concentrations (Figure 9). The highest total TP loads were generated from the Trout Brook Outlet (4,162 lbs) and Trout Brook–West Branch (3,983 lbs) subwatersheds (Table 8). The Trout Brook-West Branch subwatershed generated the highest TP yield with 1.674 lb/ac (Table 8). The next highest TP yields for all monitored subwatersheds were Phalen Creek (1.026 lb/ac) and Trout Brook Outlet (0.828 lb/ac). Of the four major subwatershed outlet sites, the highest normalized TP pollutant yields were at East Kittsondale (0.056 lb/ac/in runoff). The 2012 total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations were comparable to the 2011 average concentrations with some sites increasing in concentrations and others decreasing (Figure 8). The highest total TSS loads were generated from the Trout Brook–West Branch (1,281,255 lbs) and Trout Brook Outlet (1,203,283 lbs) subwatersheds (Table 8). The Trout Brook–West Branch subwatershed generated the highest TSS yield (506 lb/ac). East Kittsondale (381 lb/ac) and Phalen Creek (295 lb/ac had the next highest TSS yields for all monitored subwatersheds. Of the four major subwatershed outlet sites, the highest normalized TSS pollutant yields were at East Kittsondale (28 lb/ac/in runoff). Compared to the Mississippi River at Lamberts Landing, CRWD sites were significantly more concentrated in pollutants (Table 9). CRWD sites also exceeded water quality standards for several nutrients (Table 9). Metals standards were exceeded during storm events, illicit discharges, and averaged yearly flows at some sites (Table 10). Compared to other metro-area tributaries, CRWD sites generally produced more pollutants per acre (Figures 18 and 19). Bacteria concentrations exceeded the maximum standard at all sites during most storm events (Table 12).

3d.1 Water Quantity Trout Brook Outlet and Trout Brook–West Branch subwatersheds exported the greatest volumes of water during the 2012 monitoring season with 482 million and 284 million cubic feet of discharge, respectively (Figure 5 and Table 8). The minor subwatershed sites (Como 7, Sarita, and Villa Park) exported the least amount of water because their drainage areas represent only a small portion of their major subwatershed (Table 8). For the Phalen Creek, Saint Anthony Park, Trout Brook–East Branch, Trout Brook–West Branch, and Trout Brook Outlet subwatersheds, baseflow accounted for more than Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 22

50% of the total discharge (Figure 6). The majority of Como 7 and Villa Park was comprised of stormflow. Discharge from Sarita was only generated from stormflow (Figure 6). Total water yield was highest at Trout Brookâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;West Branch (119,419 cf/ac), and Phalen Creek had the second highest water yield (112,705 cf/ac) (Figure 7). Although the total discharge at Trout Brook Outlet was higher than that of Trout Brookâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;West Branch and Phalen Creek, its water yield was the third highest because it has a greater drainage area (Figure 7). The lowest yields were generated from Como 7 and Sarita, which are among the smallest three subwatersheds.

Table 6. CRWD Monitoring Season Rainfall Amounts. Rainfall (inches)

Site

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

East Kittsondale

29.05

24.67

24.25

18.89

20.95

35.61

33.62

30.26

Phalen Creek

29.28

24.13

13.96

17.73

20.34

36.32

33.62

29.73

St. Anthony Park

28.27

24.13

23.99

9.95

18.72

26.84

29.24

29.71

23.87

23.92

17.91

20.63

36.27

33.43

30.01

Trout Brook-East Branch Trout Brook-West Branch

28.78

24.67

24.25

18.99

20.63

36.32

33.62

29.72

Trout Brook Outlet

29.28

24.67

24.23

15.54

20.95

36.32

24.53

30.26

Como 7

28.96

24.16

17.40

18.82

30.92

28.90

26.02

Sarita

18.19

23.19

17.64

18.72

30.62

28.90

26.16

Villa Park

24.66

24.16

19.45

19.11

31.32

28.90

26.38

Table 7. CRWD Total Monitoring Days.

Monitoring Days

Site

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

East Kittsondale

200

210

225

218

277

365

366

Phalen Creek

197

194

134

210

262

365

366

St. Anthony Park

191

192

215

126

218

230

269

366

191

217

212

273

365

349

366

Trout Brook-East Branch Trout Brook-West Branch

191

212

228

220

273

365

366

Trout Brook Outlet

198

211

226

198

277

365

344

366

Como 7

195

222

209

217

209

205

223

Sarita

159

227

203

213

205

203

228

Villa Park

204

228

223

220

212

211

232

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 23

Figure 5. Total Discharge at CRWD Monitoring Sites, 2005 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2012.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 24

Figure 6. Storm and Base Discharge at CRWD Monitoring Sites, 2012. Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 25

Figure 7. Total Water Yield at CRWD Monitoring Sites, 2005-2012. Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 26

3d.2 Total Suspended Solids, Total Phosphorus, and Nutrients Table 8 presents the complete water quality data set for all CRWD monitoring sites. The sites with the highest flow-weighted average (FWA) TSS concentrations in 2012 were East Kittsondale (123 mg/L) and Sarita (91 mg/L) (Figure 8). The lowest flow-weighted average TSS concentrations in 2012 were measured at Como 7 (34 mg/L) and Villa Park (31 mg/L). East Kittsondale, St. Anthony Park, Trout Brook – West Branch, and Sarita had higher flow-weighted average TSS concentrations than the Mississippi River at Lamberts Landing (Figure 8). All subwatersheds except Como 7 and Villa Park exceeded the South Metro Mississippi TSS Total Maximum Daily Load standard of 32 mg/L (Figure 8). The site with the highest flow-weighted average TP concentration was Como 7 at 0.287 mg/L (Table 8). However, the site had relatively low total flow (11,682,085 cf), so the total load was actually low compared to other sites (Figure 11). Sarita (0.252 mg/L) and East Kittsondale (0.245 mg/L) had the next highest flow-weighted average TP concentrations (Table 8). The sites with the lowest flow-weighted average TP concentrations were Trout Brook Outlet (0.138 mg/L) and St. Anthony Park (0.134 mg/L), (though it should be noted that St. Anthony Park was not operational for the majority of the year due to equipment failures from high water levels and the Mississippi River backing up in to the outfall, so data only represents 5 storm sampling events). Since 2005, CRWD major subwatershed sites have been more highly concentrated in TP than the MPCA Lake Pepin Excess Nutrient Total Maximum Daily Load target of 0.10 mg/L (Figure 9). In 2012, one of the four major subwatershed outlet sites, East Kittsondale, had higher FWA TP concentrations than the Mississippi River at Lambert’s Landing (Figure 9).Trout Brook—East Branch, Trout Brook—West Branch, Como 7, Sarita, and Villa Park all exceeded Lambert’s Landing FWA TP concentrations in 2012. TSS was transported during both baseflow and stormflow periods, however, the majority of TSS loading occurred during storm events (Figure 10). Baseflow generally has lower TSS concentrations because it includes flow contributions from groundwater, surface water bodies, and permitted industrial discharges. In addition, since velocity and flow volumes are lower during baseflow periods, water does not have as much ability to carry solids. Stormwater washes off streets, parking lots, and other impervious surfaces, and contains more TSS. During high flows, sediment is less likely to settle before reaching storm drains. Most of the TP loading in the subwatershed also occurred during storms, although the percentage resulting from stormflow is slightly smaller than for TSS (Figure 11). TP loading generally increases with TSS loading because phosphorus bonds to suspended solids, plant debris, and soil particles. However, TP also exists in soluble form, which does not attach to particles. Across CRWD, the greatest TSS yield in 2012 occurred in the Trout Brook – West Branch subwatershed (506 lb/ac) (Figures 12 and 14). East Kittsondale and Phalen Creek had the next highest TSS yields, 381 lb/ac and 295 lb/ac, respectively (Figures 12 and 14). The lowest TSS yields were from the smallest subwatersheds, Como 7 (31 lb/ac), Villa Park (32 lb/ac), and Sarita (38 lb/ac). Pollutant yields were normalized for the amount of stormwater runoff and expressed as lb/ac/in runoff to account for subwatershed drainage area and differences in precipitation amounts across the watershed. In 2012, the normalized TSS yields were highest at East Kittsondale (28 lb/ac/in runoff), Sarita (21 lb/ac/in runoff), and Trout Brook – West Branch (15 lb/ac/in runoff) (Figure 13). Normalized total TSS yields were lower than their historical average, except Sarita and Trout Brook – East Branch. The lowest Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 27

normalized TSS yield of 7 lb/ac/in runoff was exported from the Villa Park subwatershed (Figure 13). The normalized TSS yield for Trout Brook – West Branch was higher than Trout Brook Outlet, indicating that the West Branch of Trout Brook subwatershed was generating more pollutants on a per acre and per inch of runoff basis, which has been the trend historically (Figure 13). In 2012, the subwatersheds that generated the lowest TP load per acre were Sarita (0.106 lb/ac) and Villa Park (0.231 lb/ac) (Figures 15 and 17). The highest TP yields were generated in the Trout Brook – West Branch (1.674 lb/ac) and Phalen Creek (1.026 lb/ac) subwatersheds (Figures 15 and 17). Although East Kittsondale produced the highest normalized TSS yield in 2012, its normalized TP yield (0.056 lb/ac/in runoff), was third highest among all sites (Figure 16). Instead, Como 7 and Sarita (two smaller subwatershed monitoring sites) had the highest normalized total TP Yields with 0.065 and 0.057 lb/ac/in, respectively (Figure 16). This occurred because their flow-weighted average concentrations were dominated greatly by stormflow. Compared to the yields of four other metro-area tributaries, three of the four of CRWD’s major subwatershed outlet sites (East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek and Trout Brook) produced a greater TP yield per acre (Figure 19). The Saint Anthony Park subwatershed discharged less TP than Battle Creek and Fish Creek (Figure 19), but this can again likely be attributed to fewer sampling events in 2012 due to the river flooding. East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, and Trout Brook Outlet all exceeded the metro area tributaries for TSS yield in lb/ac. St. Anthony was below Battle and Fish Creeks in TSS yield, but similarly, this is likely due to the small sample size. When comparing flows from CRWD outlets to other metro-area tributaries, it should be noted that the entire watershed is highly urbanized, with water flowing in pipes, whereas many of the other tributaries’ watersheds are partly undeveloped with water flowing in natural channels. Storm sewers operate differently than natural streams. When water velocity decreases, sediments settle out of the water column. In natural streams, this occurs when the stream meanders, flows through a vegetated area, gets wider, or reaches a relatively flat stretch. Storm sewers are designed to maintain velocity in the pipe; pipes have a set diameter, do not meander, and can change elevation quickly. In natural streams, nutrients are taken up by vegetation and algae, but there is no vegetation in storm sewers. As a result, most of the sediment and nutrients washed into storm sewers remain in the water column until the pipe reaches a body of water. Sediments and nutrients from streets and sidewalks are washed directly into the storm sewer and carried to the river. Average concentrations of TP, TSS, and ammonia from Trout Brook Outlet, East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, and St. Anthony Park exceeded Lambert’s Landing concentrations and agency standards (Table 9). Also, concentrations of Total Kjedahl nitrogen (TKN), nitrite, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, zinc, and chloride at all four major subwatershed outlets (East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, St. Anthony Park, and Trout Brook Outlet) exceeded concentrations at Lambert’s Landing (Table 9).

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 28

Table 8. 2012 Monitoring Results Summary. 2012 Monitoring Results Summary

Subwatershed Area (acres) Total Rainfall (inches)

East St. Anthony Trout Brook- Trout Brook- Trout Brook Kittsondale Phalen Creek Park East Branch West Branch Outlet 1,116 3,418 1,433 932 2,379 5,028

Como 7 793

Sarita 929

Villa Park 753

30.26

29.73

29.71

30.01

29.72

30.26

26.02

26.16

26.38

360

348

334

357

344

359

222

228

232

Number of Storm Sampling Events

Number of Storm Intervals

Number of Monitoring Days

Number of Snowmelt Sampling Events

Number of Snowmelt Intervals

17 45

19 55

14 33

19 34

19 44

20 40

0 0

14 26

Total Discharge (Cubic Feet)

55,261,249

161,506,783

103,140,522

42,492,402

284,097,170

481,542,037

11,682,085

6,249,725

12,427,912

Storm Flow Subtotal (Cubic Feet)

36,530,284

41,442,850

37,566,038

15,359,967

114,260,205

167,030,961

11,524,712

6,249,725

9,898,813

101,222

157,373

5,740,510

3,153,892

3,099,892

2,496,397

3,067,371

3,307,320

0 2,529,099

Number of Base Sampling Events Number of Baseflow Intervals

Illicit Discharge Subtotal (Cubic Feet) Snowmelt Subtotal

12,990,455

116,910,040

62,373,370

24,636,038

166,769,594

311,203,756

Water Yield (cf/ac)

Baseflow Subtotal (Cubic Feet)

49,517

112,705

30,176

45,593

119,419

95,772

14,732

6,727

16,505

Storm Water Yield (cf/ac)

32,733

28,920

10,991

16,481

48,029

33,220

14,533

6,727

13,146

Snowmelt Water Yield (cf/ac) Baseflow Water Yield (cf/ac)

5,144 11,640

2,201 81,584

907 18,248

2,679 26,434

1,289 70,101

658 61,894

0 0

0 3,359

Total FWA TSS (mg/L)

Average TSS Concentration (mg/L)

123

Storm FWA TSS (mg/L)

160

141

109

133

Base FWA TSS (mg/L) Total TSS Load (lbs)

425,599

423,213

408,192

143,168

1,203,283

1,281,255

24,898

35,652

23,891

Storm TSS Load (lbs)

365,152

365,001

165,371

104,312

949,463

1,012,503

24,719

35,652

20,840

Snowmelt TSS Load (lbs)

56,334

15,357

34,992

10,019

11,167

25,491

Baseflow TSS Load (lbs)

4,113

42,855

206,376

28,837

242,653

243,260

3,051

381 28

295 10

119 14

154 12

506 15

255 10

31 8

38 21

32 7

Total TSS Yield (lb/ac) Normalized Total TSS Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) Average TP Concentration (mg/L)

0.187

0.207

0.133

0.222

0.242

0.175

0.399

0.238

0.321

Total FWA TP (mg/L)

0.245

0.146

0.134

0.207

0.225

0.138

0.287

0.252

0.224

Storm FWA TP (mg/L)

0.302

0.334

0.188

0.378

0.412

0.275

0.284

0.252

0.213

0.160

0.525

0.054

0.073

0.101

0.090

0.095

0.062

0.266

Total TP Load (lbs)

845

1,470

867

550

3,983

4,162

209

174

Storm TP Load (lbs)

690

864

440

363

2,942

2,864

204

132

Snowmelt TP Load (lbs)

111

530

396

138

983

1,212

0.757 0.056

1.026 0.033

0.254 0.031

0.590 0.047

1.674 0.051

0.828 0.031

0.264 0.065

0.106 0.057

0.231 0.051

Illicit Discharge FWA TP (mg/L) Base FWA TP (mg/L)

Base TP Load (lbs) Total TP Yield (lb/ac) Normalized Total TP Yield (lb/ac/in runoff)

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 29

Figure 8. Flow-Weighted Average TSS Concentrations at CRWD Monitoring Sites, 2005-2012. Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 30

Figure 9. Flow-Weighted Average TP Concentrations at CRWD Monitoring Sites, 2005-2012.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 31

Figure 10. Storm and Base TSS Loads at CRWD Monitoring Sites, 2012. Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 32

Figure 11. Storm and Base TP Loads at CRWD Monitoring Sites, 2012. Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 33

Figure 12. TSS Yields at CRWD Monitoring Sites. Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 34

Figure 13. Normalized TSS Yields at CRWD Monitoring Sites. Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 35

Figure 14. 2012 Normalized TSS Yields Across CRWD Monitored Subwatersheds. Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 36

Figure 15. TP Yields at CRWD Monitoring Sites. Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 37

Figure 16. Normalized TP Yields at CRWD Monitoring Sites. Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 38

Figure 17. 2012 Normalized TP Yields Across CRWD Monitored Subwatersheds. Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 39

500

East Kittsondale Phalen Creek St. Anthony Park Trout Brook Outlet

TSS Yield (lb/ac)

400

300

200

100

0 Basset

Battle

Fish

Creek Note: Non-CRWD data were collected in 2011 (MCES, 2013).

Figure 18. TSS Yields at Metro-Area Tributaries and CRWD Subwatershed Outlets.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 40

Minnehaha

Figure 19. TP Yields at Metro-Area Tributaries and CRWD Subwatershed Outlets. Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 41

Table 9. Pollutant Standards and Average Concentrations at CRWD Monitoring Sites and in the Mississippi River. Metropolitan Council Site

2012 CRWD Monitoring Sites

Standard (mg/L)

Lamberts Landing

East Kittsondale

Phalen Creek

0.13

0.10

0.19

0.21

0.13

0.17

83.5

0.04

0.21

0.22

0.31

0.25

1.01

1.7

1.44

1.09

1.32

1.06

0.56

0.62

0.57

0.50

0.03

0.1

0.12

0.10

Cadmium

0.00020

0.00035

0.00017

0.00020

0.00015

Chromiumd

0.00046

0.00461

0.00378

0.00942

0.00290

0.00136

0.01476

0.01103

0.01793

0.00765

0.00040

0.01341

0.01791

0.00584

0.00772

0.00140

0.00349

0.00261

0.03872

0.00244

0.00370

0.09344

0.06620

0.06707

0.04610

205

164

123

116

TPa a

TSS

Ammonia

TKN

Nitrate Nitrite

c d

Copper Lead

d d

Nickel Zinc

Chloride

230

St. Anthony Trout Brook Park Outlet

T here are no numeric standards for T P and T SS. T hese values are NCHF ecoregion averages from minimally

impacted streams. b

Chloride standards are from the MPCA.

T here is no nitrate, nitrite, or T KN standard for surface water.

Metals standards are based on measured hardness values. See appendices for metals standards.

Ammonia standard is based on un-ionized ammonia, which varies and is dependent on temperature and pH

All numbers are in mg/L. Numbers highlighted in yellow exceed/equal Lambert's Landing concentrations, but not the standard. Numbers highlighted in red exceed/equal Lambert's Landing concentrations and the standard.

3d.3 Metals The MPCA standards for metals toxicity are a function of the water hardness of a sample; thus, the standard is not a set value and is instead based on the water hardness measured at an individual monitoring site. Appendix B lists the equations used to calculate metal standards for cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc at each monitoring site as a function of measured water hardness levels. A table of the calculated standards for each individual site for all metals is listed in Appendix B. Average concentrations of metals for each individual site were calculated for baseflow, stormflow, and total yearly flow (both baseflow and stormflow) and compared to the MPCA standards and Lambertâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Landing concentrations (Tables 9 and 10). Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 42

According to the MPCA standards, the average storm concentrations of lead at all sites (except Villa Park) exceeded toxicity standards in 2012 (Table 10). The 2012 yearly average concentrations for lead exceeded toxicity standards at East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, Trout Brook _ West Branch, Como 7 and Sarita (Table 10). Yearly concentrations of lead also exceeded the Mississippi River concentrations at Lambert’s Landing for East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, St. Anthony Park, and Trout Brook Outlet (Table 9). Average baseflow concentrations of lead never exceeded the toxicity standard at any site in 2012. The average storm concentrations of copper at all sites (except Villa Park) exceeded toxicity standards in 2012. However, the 2012 yearly average concentrations of copper only exceeded the toxicity standard at Como 7 and Sarita (Table 10). Yearly concentrations of copper also exceeded the Mississippi River concentrations at Lambert’s Landing for East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, St. Anthony Park, and Trout Brook Outlet (Table 9). Average baseflow concentrations of copper never exceeded the toxicity standard at any site in 2012. In addition, average storm concentrations of zinc exceeded the chronic toxicity standard at East Kittsondale and Como 7 in 2012 (Table 10). The 2012 yearly average concentration of zinc was only exceeded at Como 7 (Table 10). Average concentrations of zinc exceeded the Mississippi River concentrations at Lambert’s Landing for East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, St. Anthony Park, and Trout Brook Outlet (Table 9). Average baseflow concentrations of zinc never exceeded the toxicity standard at any site in 2012. For all sites, average concentrations of cadmium, chromium, and nickel for all flow types (base, storm, and yearly) did not exceed the MPCA toxicity standards in 2012 (Table 10). However, yearly concentrations of Cadmium exceeded the Mississippi River concentrations at Lambert’s Landing for East Kittsondale and St. Anthony Park (Table 9). Chromium and nickel concentrations at all major subwatershed outlets were also greater than those reported at Lambert’s Landing (Table 9), but did not exceed the state standard.

3d.4 Chloride Chloride was sampled for at all monitoring sites in 2012. Average chloride concentration were calculated and compared to the MPCA standards and Lambert’s Landing concentrations (Tables 9 and 10). All sites met the MPCA toxicity standard of 230 mg/L for chloride (Table 9). However, yearly chloride concentrations at East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, St. Anthony Park, and Trout Brook Outlet exceeded the Mississippi River concentrations at Lambert’s Landing (Table 9). In general, all CRWD sites recorder higher chloride concentrations during spring snowmelt events due to winter road salt application.

3d.5 Bacteria E. coli samples were extracted during baseflow, stormflow, and illicit discharge periods. For baseflow periods, E. coli concentrations at most monitoring sites did not exceed the MPCA maximum numeric standard of 1,260 cfu/100mL with the exception of a few sites on isolated Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 43

occurrences (Trout Brook-East Branch, Trout Brook-West Branch, and Villa Park) (Table 11). One illicit discharge sample from Como 7 was extracted and analyzed for E. coli and significantly exceeded the standard at 101,400 cfu/100mL (Table 11). During stormflow events, the majority of samples for all sites exceeded the MPCA maximum numeric standard of 1,260 cfu/100mL for bacteria (Table 12). Only 6 samples out of a total of 48 samples at the nine monitoring sites were less than the maximum standard for E. coli bacteria. Otherwise, stormflow E. coli concentrations ranged from 1,000 mpn/100mL to 204,600 mpn/100mL with the maximum concentration at a subwatershed outlet occurring at Trout Brook Outlet on 8/15/2012 at 104,600 cfu/100mL (Table 12).

3d.6 Summary Comparison of CRWD Stormwater Data and NSQD Data Table 13 compares stormwater pollutant median concentrations from CRWD and the National Stormwater Quality Database (NSQD). Compared to other urbanized areas in the country, CRWD 2012 stormwater mean concentrations for TSS, TP, and E. coli 2012 exceeded NSQD median concentrations for mixed-residential areas. In 2012, E. coli mean concentrations at all CRWD monitoring sites were higher than the NSQD median concentration of 1,050 mpn/100mL for E. coli. Sarita had the highest annual average concentration of 45,100 mpn/100mL. CRWD stormflow median TSS concentrations at four of the nine sites were higher than then NSQD median concentration of 66 mg/L. Trout Brook – East Branch, St. Anthony Park, Como 7, Sarita, and Villa Park had TSS median concentrations lower than the NSQD median concentration. East Kittsondale, Trout Brook – East Branch, Trout Brook – West Branch, and Como 7 had higher median concentrations of total phosphorus than the NSQD median concentration of 0.28 mg/L. TP median concentrations in CRWD ranged from 0.160 mg/L (St. Anthony Park) to 0.390 mg/L (Trout Brook – West Branch). For ammonia, all sites were below the NSQD median concentration of 0.39 mg/L. Similarly for Nitrate+Nitrite, all sites were below the NSQD median concentration of 0.57 mg/L. Median TKN concentrations at East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, Trout Brook – West Branch, and Como 7 were greater than the NSQD median concentration of 1.4 mg/L. The comparisons between median concentrations for numerous metals in CRWD and the NSQD were varied. All sites had median nickel storm concentrations that were lower than the NSQD median concentration of 0.0078 mg/L. All sites had median cadmium concentrations that were lower than the NSQD median concentration of 0.0009 mg/L. Of the four major subwatershed sites, East Kittsondale was the only subwatershed that exceeded the NSQD median concentrations for chromium (0.0070 mg/L), copper (0.0160 mg/L), and zinc (0.1370 mg/L). East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, and Trout Brook—West Branch all exceeded the NSQD median concentrations for lead (0.0160 mg/L). Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 44

Table 10. 2012 Metals Concentrations and exceedances at CRWD Monitoring Sites and in the Mississippi River (mg/L).

Parameter

Average

Base Illicit Discharge Cadmium Storm Yearly Base Illicit Discharge Chromium Storm Yearly Base Illicit Discharge Copper Storm Yearly Base Illicit Discharge Lead Storm Yearly Base Illicit Discharge Nickel Storm Yearly Base Illicit Discharge Zinc Storm Yearly

Lambert's East Landing Kittsondale 0.0005

Phalen Creek 0.0001

0.0002

0.0002 0.0003 0.0009

0.0002 0.0002 0.0011

0.0005

0.0083 0.0046 0.0039

0.0061 0.0038 0.0015

0.0014

0.0257 0.0148 0.0008

0.0192 0.0110 0.0011

0.0004

0.0260 0.0134 0.0020

0.0324 0.0179 0.0009

0.0014

0.0037

0.0050 0.0035 0.0518 0.1351 0.0934

0.0041 0.0026 0.0126 0.1125 0.0662

St. Anthony Park 0.0002 0.0005 0.0002 0.0002 0.0101 0.0156 0.0056 0.0094 0.0160 0.0639 0.0160 0.0179 0.0022 0.0108 0.0105 0.0058 0.0451 0.0675 0.0061 0.0387 0.0551 0.1970 0.0761 0.0671

Trout Brook East Branch 0.0002

Trout Brook West Branch 0.0001

Trout Brook Outlet 0.0001

0.0002 0.0002 0.0013

0.0002 0.0002 0.0017

0.0002 0.0002 0.0011

0.0057 0.0034 0.0029

0.0057 0.0034 0.0043

0.0049 0.0029 0.0023

0.0134 0.0079 0.0025

0.0167 0.0094 0.0038

0.0138 0.0076 0.0018

0.0158 0.0087 0.0030

0.0173 0.0094 0.0016

0.0146 0.0077 0.0015

0.0041 0.0035 0.1246 0.0623 0.0924

0.0046 0.0028 0.0171 0.0845 0.0447

0.0035 0.0024 0.0249 0.0709 0.0461

CRWD site concentrations are from 2012; river concentrations are from 2001-2010. Red-highlighted cells are sites which exceeded the MPCA chronic standard for surface waters. See appendices for metals standards. NA: Not available, these sites were not monitored or sampled for Illicit Discharges

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 45

Como 7

Sarita

Villa Park 0.0001

0.0001 0.0002 0.0002

0.0001 0.0001

0.0001 0.0001 0.0008

0.0010 0.0050 0.0053

0.0034 0.0034

0.0016 0.0012 0.0014

0.0042 0.0133 0.0140

0.0075 0.0075

0.0030 0.0022 0.0019

0.0009 0.0144 0.0143

0.0085 0.0085

0.0044 0.0031 0.0012

0.0011 0.0042 0.0044

0.0027 0.0027

0.0017 0.0014 0.0129

0.0236 0.0943 0.0979

0.0448 0.0448

0.0210 0.0171

Table 11. 2012 Baseflow Grab E. coli Concentrations at CRWD Monitoring Sites (mpn/100mL). Site Sample Date 01/04/2012 10:00 02/08/2012 09:45 02/09/2012 08:20 03/13/2012 09:35 03/19/2012 09:10 03/29/2012 10:35 04/24/2012 09:15 05/10/2012 11:00 05/11/2012 08:20 05/22/2012 08:40 06/04/2012 08:50 06/22/2012 08:45 07/02/2012 09:06 07/16/2012 09:00 07/31/2012 09:45 08/13/2012 09:38 08/27/2012 09:40 09/10/2012 09:00 09/24/2012 09:10 10/10/2012 09:15 10/30/2012 09:25 11/29/2012 09:25 12/21/2012 09:30

East Kittsondale 19 8 NS NS NS 6 1 NS 26 89 89 111 461 261 345 75 96 488 325 71 43 8 22

Phalen Creek 46 1 NS NS 9 NS 2 14 NS 44 24 34 46 21 39 15 179 36 28 84 26 6 6

St. Anthony Trout Brook- Trout Brook- Trout Brook Park East Branch West Branch Outlet Villa Park Outlet Villa Park In 127 31 687 397 70 4 17 NS NS NS 687 14 NS 26 770 233 NS NS NS 140 86 161 NS NS NS NS NS 66 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 56 4,100 124 56 19 27 52 138 107 199 52 28 NS NS NS NS NS NS 285 2,420 276 548 196 5,200 68 921 154 123 276 25 192 472 88 118 365 649 41 579 326 178 2,420 1,267 48 225 387 228 980 649 21 387 166 142 411 151 28 291 238 210 144 29 38 137 249 133 173 435 30 219 5,200 579 1,120 56 24 111 1,986 345 146 58 1,197 96 291 186 488 133 46 172 345 649 435 2,420 32 126 201 133 64 4 53 205 9 41 7,500 687

NS: No sample collected Value exceeds MPCA maximum numeric standard (1,260 cfu/100mL).

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 46

Como 7 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 101,400 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

Table 12. 2012 Stormflow Grab E. coli Concentrations at CRWD Monitoring Sites (mpn/100mL).

Site Sample Date

East Kittsondale

Phalen Creek

St. Anthony Trout Brook- Trout Brook- Trout Brook Park East Branch West Branch Outlet

03/22/2012 10:15 NS NS NS NS NS 05/03/2012 10:25 NS NS NS 687 12,100 05/24/2012 08:20 1,986 8,500 3,000 1,200 2,420 06/14/2012 10:10 5,200 9,700 411 19,500 25,600 07/24/2012 08:50 7,300 4,100 2,203 8,600 2,420 08/15/2012 09:10 9,800 93,300 33,100 NS NS 10/25/2012 09:15 7,500 16,900 27,200 14,600 2,420 NS: No sample collected Value exceeds MPCA maximum numeric standard (1,260 cfu/100mL).

NS NS 2,000 16,100 4,100 104,600 13,400

Villa Park Out

Villa Park In

Como 7

Sarita

NS NS 1,000 1,733 5,200 NS 28,800

NS NS 1,986 1,120 1,203 NS 23,100

7,500 7,500 11,000 7,500 2,420 NS 93,300

NS NS 75,400 14,800 3,100

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 47

204,600

Table 13. CRWD 2012 Stormwater Median Water Quality Data versus NSQD Median Data. NSQD East Mixed Kittsondale Residential

Parameters Area (acre) % Impervious Escherichia coli (mpn/100mL) Total Suspended Solids (mg/L) Total Phosphorous (mg/L) Ammonia (mg/L) Nitrate+Nitrite (mg/L) Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (mg/L) Cadmium (mg/L) Chromium (mg/L) Copper (mg/L) Lead (mg/L) Nickel (mg/L) Zinc (mg/L)

151 45 1,050 66 0.280 0.39 0.57 1.40 0.0009 0.0070 0.0160 0.0160 0.0078 0.0950

1,116 46 7,300 127 0.295 0.27 0.38 1.70 0.0002 0.0074 0.0241 0.0266 0.0045 0.1370

Phalen Creek 1,433 50 9,700 97 0.270 0.23 0.43 1.50 0.0002 0.0060 0.0168 0.0319 0.0035 0.0948

Trout Trout St. Anthony Brook - Brook East Park West Branch Branch 3,418 932 2,379 48 3,000 8,600 2,420 57 56 134 0.160 0.380 0.390 0.32 0.21 0.16 0.42 0.38 0.39 1.00 1.20 1.60 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0055 0.0039 0.0064 0.0103 0.0100 0.0197 0.0082 0.0080 0.0176 0.0030 0.0026 0.0050 0.0491 0.0504 0.0999

Numbers highlighted in red exceed the NSQD value.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 48

Trout Brook Outlet 5,028 40 13,400 90 0.275 0.17 0.46 1.20 0.0002 0.0046 0.0122 0.0123 0.0031 0.0556

Como 7

Sarita

Villa Park

793

929

753

7,500 48 0.285 0.35 0.24 1.60 0.0001 0.0027 0.0069 0.0059 0.0017 0.0544

45,100 37 0.260 0.34 0.40 1.20 0.0001 0.0023 0.0060 0.0065 0.0020 0.0400

3,466 12 0.200 0.25 0.10 1.05 0.0001 0.0009 0.0016 0.0011 0.0010 0.0146

Chapter 4 4a

Lake Water Quality Monitoring

Introduction

There are five lakes within the boundaries of CRWD: Como Lake, Crosby Lake, Little Crosby Lake, Loeb Lake, and Lake McCarrons (Figure 2). The lakes are monitored by Ramsey County Public Works (RCPW) and CRWD to assess overall health and to determine if each lake supports their designated uses for swimming, fishing, and/or aesthetics. With the exception of Loeb Lake, all of the lakes receive stormwater runoff and ultimately drain to the Mississippi River. Como Lake, Crosby Lake, Little Crosby Lake, and Loeb Lake are classified as shallow lakes and Lake McCarrons is classified as a deep lake. Shallow lakes are defined as those lakes which have a maximum depth less than fifteen feet or those in which more than 80% of the lake is within the littoral zone. The littoral zone is the area of the lake in which plants grow. Deep lakes are defined as those lakes in which the maximum depth is greater than fifteen feet or those in which less than 80% of the lake is in the littoral zone.

4a.1 Como Lake Como Lake is a 67-acre lake with a maximum depth of 15.5 feet and is located in the City of Saint Paul. Surrounding land uses are primarily residential and parkland. Como Lake is classified as a shallow lake because nearly 100% of the lake is in the littoral zone. The lake has been monitored since 1984, and although water quality has improved slightly over time, there has been significant annual variation in water quality. In effort to improve water quality in the lake, the Como Lake Strategic Management Plan was developed in 2002 (CRWD, 2002). Since 2002, Como Lake has been listed as impaired on the Minnesota Pollution Control Agencyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s (MPCA) 303(d) list for excess nutrients (MPCA, 2012).

4a.2 Crosby Lake & Little Crosby Lake Crosby Lake is a 48-acre shallow lake that is situated in the Mississippi River floodplain in Saint Paul and is part of the Crosby Farm Regional Park and the Mississippi River National River and Recreation Area. The lake is divided into two separate water bodies by a trail: Crosby Lake and Little (or Upper) Crosby Lake. Crosby Lake is classified as a shallow lake because it has a maximum depth of 19 feet and the littoral zone covers 97% of the lake area. Little Crosby Lake is a small lake with a maximum depth of 34 feet. However, 90% of its area is littoral (<15 feet in depth). The surrounding land uses for both water bodies are primarily parkland, single family residential, and industrial. Crosby Lake and Little Crosby Lake are periodically flooded by the Mississippi River (a 3-year storm event, or when the river reaches 49,000 cfs). Crosby Lake has been monitored by RCPW and CRWD since 2005. Little Crosby Lake was monitored for the first time in 2011. Both Crosby Lake and Little Crosby Lake are not currently listed on the MPCA 303(d) list of impaired waters.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 49

4a.3 Loeb Lake Loeb Lake is a 9-acre shallow lake with a maximum depth of 28 feet located in Marydale Park in the City of Saint Paul. Surrounding land uses are predominately mixed residential and parkland. Loeb Lake has been monitored by RCPW and CRWD since 2003 (with the exception of 2004). Loeb Lake is considered to be an unimpaired water body and is not currently listed on the MPCA 303(d) list.

4a.4 Lake McCarrons Located in the City of Roseville, Lake McCarrons is a 68-acre lake with a maximum depth of 57 feet. It is considered a deep lake with less than 36% of the lake area located in the littoral zone. Lake McCarrons has a surrounding land use of mostly mixed residential and open space. Lake McCarrons has been monitored since 1988 by RCPW. Lake McCarrons received an alum treatment in 2004 and water quality of the lake has shown improvement since. The lake is considered to be an unimpaired water body and is not currently listed on the MPCA 303(d) list of impaired waters.

Methods

The 2012 lake water quality data (and all years preceding) was collected by RCPW. Samples and data were collected throughout the growing season (May through September) on a monthly or bi-weekly basis. At each lake, RCPW collected water samples and measured water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and water transparency). Water samples were collected from discrete depths within the epilimnion, or mixed water layer. If thermal stratification was present, additional water samples were collected from the thermocline and the hypolimnion. The water samples were analyzed by RCPW for chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), phaeophytin-a (Phaeo-a), total phosphorous (TP), soluble reactive phosphorous (SRP), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), nitrate (NO3), chloride ion concentrations (Cl), and ammonia (NH3). The primary pollutant of concern to CRWD lakes is total phosphorus (TP). Phosphorus occurs naturally in the environment and is an essential biological nutrient associated with the growth of aquatic plants. In excess, phosphorus in lakes can cause algal blooms and growth of nuisance aquatic macrophytes, which can be detrimental to aquatic health. Common anthropogenic sources of phosphorus include fertilizers from lawns, golf courses, and other treated open spaces, detergents from residential and commercial car washes, animal waste, and sewage from illicit connections. CRWD is within the Northern Central Hardwood Forest (NCHF) ecoregion. It is one of seven ecoregions in Minnesota and is characterized as an area with fertile soils with agriculture as the dominant land use in rural areas. In most lakes in the NCHF ecoregion, phosphorous is the least available nutrient; therefore, the concentration of phosphorous controls the extent of algal growth. Algal growth in turn affects the clarity and recreational potential of lakes. Chlorophyll-a is a pigment present in algae. Measuring chlorophyll-a concentration is a proxy for measuring algal population. Algal blooms can make recreation unpleasant and certain species are toxic Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 50

to humans and other animals. In addition, as algae die and decompose, oxygen is removed from the water column. Chronic low dissolved oxygen concentrations (<5 mg/L) may result in fish kills and low diversity of aquatic species. Water transparency, or water clarity, was determined with the use of a Secchi disk. A Secchi disk is a black and white patterned disk that is connected to a line or pole. To take a measurement, the Secchi disk is lowered slowly into the water column until the pattern is no longer visible. The depth at which the disk is no longer visible is then recorded. This measurement is commonly referred to as Secchi depth. A shallower Secchi depth measurement typically indicates poor water clarity as a result of increased turbidity caused by suspended sediments, organic matter, and/or phytoplankton (algae). A lake is considered eutrophic if it has high nutrient levels, low dissolved oxygen concentrations, and frequent algal blooms. Although some lakes are naturally eutrophic, many have become eutrophic as a result of anthropogenic activities. In order to identify eutrophic water bodies in Minnesota, the MPCA established eutrophication numeric water quality standards in lakes for TP, Secchi depth, and chlorophyll-a (Table 14) (MPCA, 2008). In the NCHF ecoregion, a different standard exists for shallow and deep lakes (Table 14). For a lake to be considered unimpaired, and not eutrophic under the MPCA standards, it is required to meet the standard for both TP and either the Secchi depth or chlorophyll-a. Lakes that do not meet the standards may be placed on the MPCA 303(d) list of impaired waters. To account for differences in natural trophic state, the standards vary by ecoregion and lake type.

Table 14. Deep and Shallow Lake State Water Quality Standards (MPCA, 2008). Parameter TP Chl-a Secchi depth

Agency MPCA, 2008 MPCA, 2008 MPCA, 2008

Use/Exposure aquatic life & recreation/nutrients aquatic life & recreation/nutrients aquatic life & recreation/nutrients

Deep Lake Standard < 0.04 < 14 ≥ 1.4

Shallow Lake Standard < 0.06 < 20 ≥ 1.0

Units mg/L µg/L m

a. Applies to Class 2B waters: those suitable for warm and cool water fish and other aquatic life and for human recreation. b. Excess nutrients can negatively impact recreation and aquatic life - the standards are threshold levels.

Results and Analysis

4c.1 Summary of Results During the 2012 growing season (May through September), Secchi depths and TP and Chl-a concentrations fluctuated and followed different patterns for the each monitored lake (Figures 20-24). In general, Secchi depths were lowest in the middle of the 2012 growing season. Chl-a concentrations were generally highest in the middle of the 2012 growing season. TP concentrations followed different trends for each lake during the 2012 growing season. The 2012 growing season averages for Secchi depth and TP and Chl-a concentrations were compared against the MPCA eutrophication numeric water quality standards. Loeb Lake met the shallow lake Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 51

standards and Lake McCarrons met the deep lake standards for all parameters. Both Crosby Lake and Little Crosby Lake met the shallow lake standards for Chl-a concentration and Secchi depth, while they both failed for TP concentration. Como Lake did not meet any of the shallow lake standards for Secchi depth,TP, and Chl-a concentrations during 2012 growing season. During the 2012 growing season, some of the lakes improved in eutrophication parameters, while some lakes degraded compared to historical averages. Como Lake was more degraded all around as the TP and Chl-a concentrations were higher and the Secchi depth was lower than the historical averages (Figure 28). Crosby Lake had a higher TP concentration (Figure 25), lower Chl-a concentration (Figure 26), and a similar Secchi depth compared to the historical average (Figures 27). Compared to 2011, the first year Little Crosby Lake was monitored, Little Crosby Lake improved on eutrophication standard parameters; the TP and Chl-a concentrations decreased and the Secchi depth increased (Figure 30). Similar to previous years, Loeb Lake did not change significantly. For Loeb Lake, the TP concentration was slightly higher, the Chl-a concentration was slightly lower, and the Secchi depth was slightly lower (Figure 31). Lake McCarrons improved in all eutrophication parameters in comparison to historical averages of TP (Figure 25), Chl-a (Figure 26), and Secchi depth (Figure 27). It should be noted that additional analysis of biological data is required in order to make definitive conclusions on the causes of water quality changes and trends over time for each District lake. The water quality parameters that are currently sampled for only provide indication of water quality, not causation. Additional analysis of biological data would require information on: fisheries, macrophytes, zooplankton, phytoplankton, and others. At present, this data is not regularly sampled for in CRWD lakes.

4c.2 Como Lake Results In 2012, Como Lake was sampled eight times from 5/2/2012 to 9/13/2012 (Figure 20). The first sample on 5/2/2012 had an exceptionally high TP value of 0.970 mg/L in comparison to the average of the other 2012 samples (0.248 mg/L). This high TP value from 5/2/2012 is uncharacteristic of Como Lake and is considered an outlier, but was left in for data reporting purposes. Subsequently, the annual average TP in Como Lake for 2012 is higher than the historical average. Disregarding the high TP value in May 2012, TP concentrations peaked in early- and mid-August. The Chl-a concentration varied, but generally increased through August and decreased in September. The Secchi depth was lowest in early August, and was very inversely proportional to the TP concentrations (as TP levels increased, the Secchi depth decreased). This provides good evidence that phosphorus is the primary driver for lake water transparency in Como Lake. The 2012 growing season average values at Como Lake for TP, Chl-a, and Secchi depth were 0.338 mg/L, 41.5 Âľg/L, and 0.7 meters, respectively (Table 15 and Figures 25, 26, and 27). Thus, Como Lake did not meet any of the shallow lake standards for TP, Chl-a, and Secchi depth (Table 14). It should be noted that the historical average (1984-2011) for Como Lake exceeds the Minnesota standards for TP and Chl-a. In comparison to historical averages from 1984 to 2011, Como Lake was lower in water quality for all three of the parameters for eutrophication in 2012 (Table 15, Figures 25, 26, and 27). The TP Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 52

concentration was 101% higher than the historical average of 0.168 mg/L, with a near record concentration of 0.338 mg/L. The only year to have a higher concentration average was 2001 (0.345 mg/L) (Figure 28). The 2012 growing season Chl-a average concentration of 41.5 µg/L was a 16% increase on the historical average of 35.9 µg/L. The 2012 growing season average Secchi depth (0.7 meters) was 56% less than the historical average (1.6 meters) (Figure 27). Figure 28 presents the historical relationships between TP, Chl-a, and Secchi depth. In general, Como Lake has seen overall improvements in water quality since monitoring began in 1984, though each parameter tends to fluctuate annually. It is hypothesized that the lake is cyclic in water quality and biological response (Noonan, 1998), which is observable in the data as trends of increase and decrease occur generally every 5 years. The TP concentration has been increasing over the last four years. Over the last three years, the Chl-a concentration has remained fixed, while the Secchi depth has been decreasing. As in the 2012 data, the Secchi depth is strongly inversely proportional to TP concentration. In 2006, improvements in water quality parameters were observed in Como Lake which continued through 2007, 2008, and 2009 (Figure 28). From 2007, this reduction in nutrient loading is partially attributed to the Arlington-Pascal Stormwater Improvement Project constructed upstream of Como Lake. More information about the performance of these BMPs may be found in the CRWD BMP Performance and Cost-Benefit Analysis (CRWD, 2012).

4c.3 Crosby Lake Results Crosby Lake was sampled eight times in 2012 from 5/14/2012 to 9/25/2012 (Figure 21). TP concentrations peaked on 5/31/2012, and generally decreased through the rest of the 2012 growing season. Chl-a concentrations generally increased until early September. Secchi depths were high in the beginning (May 2012) and end (September 2012) of the monitoring season. Fluctuations in Secchi depth did not corresponded highly with TP concentrations, but to some degree, with Chl-a concentrations. This suggests that other factors besides phosphorus were contributing to algal growth and water clarity in Crosby Lake in 2012. The 2012 growing season average values at Crosby Lake for TP, Chl-a, and Secchi depth were 0.126 mg/L, 6.9 µg/L, and 2.0 meters, respectively (Table 15 and Figures 25, 26, and 27). Thus, Crosby Lake met the shallow lake standards for Chl-a and Secchi depth (Table 14). However, Crosby Lake did not meet the shallow lake standard for TP (0.060 mg/L). Crosby Lake has been monitored since 2005, so historical averages represent seven years of data (20052011). The 2012 TP growing season average of 0.126 mg/L was 110% higher than the historical average of 0.060 mg/L (Table 15, Figure 25). This was the highest concentration of TP since monitoring began in 2005. The Chl-a concentration of 6.9 µg/L was 51% lower than the historical average of 14.2 µg/L (Table 15, Figure 26). The Secchi depth was equivalent to the historical value of 2.0 meters (Table 15, Figure 27). Figure 29 shows that since monitoring of Crosby Lake began in 2005, a decrease in annual average TP concentrations was observed until concentrations increased dramatically in 2010. The TP concentration also increased in 2011 and 2012. While the Chl-a concentrations were analogous to the increases in TP Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 53

during 2010 and 2011, there was a sharp decrease in 2012. The Chl-a concentration was similar to the values reported in 2005-2009, despite a record TP value. With the low Chl-a value, the Secchi depth increased. Since 2005, the overall water quality of Crosby Lake has been in decline, but only 2010, 2011, and 2012 were the MPCA eutrophication standards not met (Chl-a in 2011, TP in 2010, 2011, and 2012). Crosby lake is located on the Mississippi River floodplain which experienced substantial flooding during these years, which was a contributing factor to overall water quality.

4c.4 Little Crosby Lake Results Little Crosby Lake was monitored for the first time in 2011 (Figure 30). Over the course of 2012, TP and Chl-a concentrations peaked in mid-July (Figure 22). Secchi depths were the lowest during this part of the year. Secchi depth did not appear to be highly correlated with either TP or Chl-a in 2012. The average TP concentration of 0.065 mg/L did not meet the state standard of 0.060 mg/L (Table 15, Figures 25). The average Chl-a concentration for the 2012 growing season (5.1 µg/L) met the shallow lake standard of 20.0 µg/L (Table 15, Figures 26). The average Secchi depth of 3.1 meters also met the standard of 1.0 meters (Table 15, Figures 27). In comparison to 2011 data (the only other data on record), Little Crosby Lake had lower TP and Chl-a concentrations, and a higher Secchi depth average.

4c.5 Loeb Lake Results Loeb Lake was sampled eight times from 5/2/2012 to 9/12/2012 (Figure 23). TP values were highest in the beginning and end of the monitoring period, but also experienced a sizable peak in July, the middle of the monitoring season (Figure 23). Chl-a values also were high at the beginning and end of the monitoring period, but were highest in July. Secchi depths were low at the beginning and middle of the monitoring season. Secchi depth was inversely correlated with Chl-a concentrations. Loeb Lake has been monitored annually since 2003 (except in 2004), so historical averages represent eight years of data (2003, 2005-2011) (Figure 31). In 2012, Loeb Lake met the state shallow lake standards for TP, Chl-a, and Secchi depth (Table 15, Figures 25-27). The 2012 growing season averages for TP, Chl-a, and Secchi depth were nearly the same as the historical averages. The growing season TP average (0.027 mg/L) was 12.5% higher than the historical average (0.024 mg/L). The 2012 growing season Chl-a average (4.2 µg/L) was 6.7% less than the historical average (4.5 µg/L). The growing season average Secchi depth (3.1 meters) was 6.1% less than the historical average (3.3 meters)(Table 15). Based on the historical data since 2005, water quality has been fairly steady in Loeb Lake. Growing season averages for TP have been slightly increasing since 2009 (Figure 31), which is likely due to wetter years in 2010, 2011, and 2012 (Table 5). Growing season Chl-a averages have had little annual deviation. Secchi depths have varied to some extent with no discernible trend.

4c.6 Lake McCarrons Results Lake McCarrons was sampled seven times from 5/2/2012 to 9/12/2012 (Figure 24). The 2012 TP concentrations in Lake McCarrons fluctuated throughout the growing season, but generally decreased from May to September. The Chl-a concentration was uncharacteristically high on 5/2/2012 (8.6 µg/L Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 54

compared to an average of 2.9 for the other sample dates). Chl-a, however, generally decreased throughout the 2012 growing season and overall was much lower than the historical average (Figure 26). Secchi depths were highest at the beginning and end of the monitoring period, with the lowest readings occurring in June and July of the 2012 growing season. Lake McCarrons has been monitored annually since 1988, so historical averages represent twenty-four years of data (1988-2011) (Figure 32). In 2012, Lake McCarrons met state deep lake standards for TP, Chl-a, and Secchi depth (Table 15, Figures 25- 27). The average growing season TP concentration for the year (0.018mg/L) was 55% less than the historical average (0.034 mg/L) (Figure 25). The growing season Chl-a concentration (3.7 Âľg/L) was 69% less than the historical average (10.2 Âľg/L) (Figure 26). The average Secchi depth for the year (3.2 meters) was 14% greater than the historical average (2.8 meters) (Figure 27). Lake McCarrons has experienced a significant improvement in water quality since receiving an alum treatment in 2004, which is noticeable in the historic water quality data (Figure 32). TP and Chl-a concentrations, and Secchi depths from 2005 to the present are vastly improved compared to those in 2004 and prior. From 2005 to the present, TP values have been higher in wetter years (2005, 2010, 2011, and 2012) (Table 5). Chl-a concentrations have remained consistent, except for 2011, when higher concentrations were present. Secchi depths were very high in 2008, and have been lower in 2011 and 2012.

Figure 20. 2012 Como Lake TP, Chl-a, and Secchi Depths. Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 55

Figure 21. 2012 Crosby Lake TP, Chl-a, and Secchi Depths.

Figure 22. 2012 Little Crosby Lake TP, Chl-a, and Secchi Depths. Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 56

Figure 23. 2012 Loeb Lake TP, Chl-a, and Secchi Depths.

Figure 24. 2012 Lake McCarrons TP, Chl-a, and Secchi Depths. Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 57

Table 15. 2012 and Historical Water Quality Growing Season Averages. 2012 Averages Historical Averages Lake Standards Lake TP Chl-a Secchi TP Chl-a Secchi TP Chl-a Secchi (mg/L) (µg/L) (m) (mg/L) (µg/L) (m) (mg/L) (µg/L) (m) Como 0.168 35.9 1.6 0.060 20.0 1.0 0.338 41.5 0.7 Crosby 14.2 2.0 0.060 20.0 1.0 0.126 6.9 2.0 0.060 Little Crosby 0.065 NA NA 0.060 20.0 1.0 5.1 3.1 NA Loeb 4.2 0.024 4.5 3.3 0.060 20.0 1.0 0.027 3.1 McCarrons 0.034 10.2 2.8 0.040 14.0 1.4 0.018 3.7 3.2 Values exceed the state standard NA:

Not applicable. Little Crosby Lake was not monitored until 2011.

Figure 25. 2012 and Historical Growing Season TP Averages.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 58

Figure 26. 2012 and Historical Growing Season Chl-a Averages.

Figure 27. 2012 and Historical Growing Season Secchi Depth Averages Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 59

Figure 28. Como Lake Growing Season TP, Chl-a, and Secchi Depth Averages.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 60

Figure 29. Crosby Lake Growing Season TP, Chl-a, and Secchi Depth Averages. Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 61

Figure 30. Little Crosby Lake Growing Season TP, Chl-a, and Secchi Depth Averages. Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 62

Figure 31. Loeb Lake Growing Season TP, Chl-a, and Secchi Depth Averages. Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 63

Figure 32. Lake McCarrons Growing Season TP, Chl-a, and Secchi Depth Averages.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 64

Chapter 5 5a

Conclusions and Recommendations

Conclusions

In 2012, stormwater discharging from CRWD was measured to be more polluted than the Mississippi River at Lambertâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Landing. Additionally, 2012 stormwater data was compared to a national stormwater quality database of urbanized areas which revealed that CRWD stormwater is typically more polluted with sediment, nutrients and bacteria than other urban watersheds across the nation. Concentrations for TP, TSS, metals, and bacteria in CRWD subwatersheds remained high in 2012, especially during stormflow periods. High stormwater pollutant levels contributed to the various water quality impairments found in CRWD lakes and the Mississippi River. The 2012 monitoring season was the third year that some CRWD monitoring sites collected data year-round from January through December. Therefore, total recorded discharge and pollutant loads are higher than recorded in the past (pre-2010). However, overall pollutant loads and concentrations were lower than seen historically when normalized for drainage area and the amount of runoff received. Among the monitoring sites, the Trout Brook subwatershed produced the highest total discharge and total loads for TSS and TP from CRWD in 2012 which closely corresponds to trends identified in previous monitoring years. East Kittsondale again showed improvement in normalized TSS and TP yields in 2012, but flow-weighted average concentrations remained very high for the subwatershed size. In comparison to the other sites, East Kittsondale continued its trend of generating the highest normalized sediment and phosphorus loads on a per acre and per inch of runoff basis. Monitoring of the Villa Park subwatershed has identified it as a prominent source of TP to Lake McCarrons. Villa Park showed a decrease in overall TP load in 2012 as well as in TSS load and average TSS concentrations. This is in stark contrast to the 2010 monitoring year, which showed a rather large increase in pollutant concentrations. In 2012, the average yearly concentrations of lead at five monitoring sites exceeded MPCA toxicity standard (East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, Trout Brook â&#x20AC;&#x201C; West Branch, Como 7, and Sarita). Average storm concentrations of copper at all sites except Villa Park exceeded the MPCA toxicity standard. Toxicity levels of zinc are also of concern during stormflow events at some sites, with East Kittsondale and Como 7 exceeding the MPCA toxicity standard. In general, bacteria levels during 2012 storm events were found to exceed MPCA water quality standards at most monitoring sites. Baseflow bacteria samples typically did not exceed the standard. CRWD staff witnessed potential illicit discharges which may not be related to bacteria at St. Anthony Park in 2012, and will continue to monitor the quality of water entering the Mississippi River at this site.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 65

Chloride levels were monitored year-round in 2012 at all CRWD sites. Large increases in chloride concentrations that exceeded the MPCA toxicity standard were generally observed in the winter months during snowmelt periods due to road salt application. CRWD stormwater ponds were able to provide adequate water storage while maintaining surface levels commensurate with previous monitoring years. Stormwater ponds experienced slight increases in water levels during large storm events; however, excess water generally drained within 72 hours. In 2012, the water quality of the five District lakes (Como, McCarrons, Loeb, Crosby, and Little Crosby) varied by water body and by time of year. Some of the lakes improved in water quality, while some lakes degraded compared to historical averages. Based on the MPCA eutrophication numeric water quality standards, Loeb Lake and Lake McCarrons met the MPCA standards for all parameters during the 2012 growing season. Both Crosby Lake and Little Crosby Lake met the MPCA shallow lake standards for Chl-a concentration and Secchi depth, while they both failed for TP concentration. Como Lake did not meet any of the MPCA shallow lake standards for Secchi depth, TP, and Chl-a concentrations during 2012 growing season.

Recommendations

It is the goal of CRWD to continually improve the monitoring program with new ideas in order to advance the program in quality, efficiency, and usefulness. The monitoring program aims to collect and analyze high quality data from multiple locations to better understand the water quality in individual subwatersheds as well as the watershed as a whole. Data collection and analysis through the monitoring program helps to further CRWD’s mission “to protect, manage and improve the water resources of the Capitol Region Watershed District.” In 2012, CRWD achieved many of the goals stated in the 2011 Monitoring Report, including: • Continued monitoring of a potential illicit discharge from the St. Anthony Park subwatershed outlet; • The development of additional analysis for monitoring data using statistical methods and other techniques in collaboration with the University of Minnesota; • Continued comprehensive monitoring to determine areas of most concern within the watershed, including: o Year-round monitoring of five full water quality sites: East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, Trout Brook – West Branch, Trout Brook – East Branch, and Trout Brook Outlet; o Preliminary sampling of previously unmonitored subwatersheds (data not yet reported). It should be noted that CRWD switched laboratory service providers in 2012 with the goal of improving sample analysis and results; however, this goal has not been completed to date and remains a high priority.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 66

For 2013, CRWD has several goals and recommendations to continue improving the monitoring program and the water quantity and quality dataset. Recommendations for 2013 fall under two categories: (1) Collaboration and Partnerships, and (2) Monitoring Program Evaluation.

1. Collaboration and Partnerships: It is the goal of CRWD to initiate collaborative efforts in stormwater monitoring with Mississippi Watershed Management Organization (MWMO) in 2013 with the intent of sharing ideas and data to improve the overall quality and usefulness of monitoring data collected by both organizations. CRWD and MWMO have very similar watersheds in terms of land use (densely urban and highly impervious) and precipitation amounts in addition to sharing a watershed boundary, so several collaborative opportunities exist between organizations. Collaboration will focus on: (1) data collection and field methods, (2) lab sample analysis methods, and (3) data analysis and reporting. CRWD will also continue fostering partnerships with various research groups from the University of Minnesota in 2013 with the goal of broadening our understanding of hydrology and pollutant loading in complex urban environments.

2. Monitoring Program Evaluation: In 2013, CRWD intends to critically evaluate its stormwater monitoring program. Since 2005, the program has significantly developed and changed over time to accommodate new goals, methods, and monitoring locations. Also, it was identified as a priority in the CRWD 2010 Watershed Management Plan to periodically evaluate the monitoring program within a 10-year period. The following is stated regarding the 10-year District-Wide Monitoring Plan (CRWD, 2010): A. 10-Year District-Wide Monitoring Plan Develop a 10-year District-wide monitoring plan that establishes the monitoring program framework. The monitoring plan will define the questions that monitoring will address, identify measureable objectives, and include specifics on monitoring sites, parameters, methodologies, timelines and direct the District to other monitoring needs and research. The plan will document the field and lab procedures used in monitoring and serve as a Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP). Water quality monitoring needs and goals identified in other subwatershed or lake management plans (e.g., the Loeb Lake/Willow Reserve Plan) will be incorporated into the overall monitoring plan. The monitoring plan will also include periodic program evaluation. Other water quality and water quantity monitoring data will be incorporated in the the plan. (e.g. Water treatment plants, MNDNR fish and macrophyte surveys, and beach monitoring) Finally, the plan will consider a more rigorouse anlaysis of the Districtâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s monitoring data twice during the 10-year term of the Watershed Management Plan. This more detailed analysis will include statistical analysis to further document spatial, temporal, and climatic correlations between pollutant levels and other factors. (p. 53)

The purpose of critically evaluating the monitoring program in 2013 is to: evaluate monitoring goals; ensure monitoring methods, sites, and activities are effectively contributing to meeting the Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 67

goals of the monitoring program; and improve overall efficiency of monitoring activities and data quality. Specific objectives for the 2013 monitoring program evaluation include: •

Methods in Data Analysis: o Incorporation of additional statistical analysis methods of monitoring data, completed in 2013 by Dr. Ben Janke, University of Minnesota (e.g. seasonality, land use, cumulative frequency distributions) o Incorporation of additional statistical analysis of lakes water quality data and longterm lake trends, completed in 2013 by Wenck Associates o Evaluating methods for determining event mean concentrations and pollutant loading calculations

•

Monitoring Equipment and Technology Improvements: o Update CRWD inventory of current monitoring equipment o Retire and replace monitoring equipment based on need, function, and technological advancements o Improve computer software for more efficient data storage and analysis o Investigate feasibility of real-time remote data access for monitoring stations

•

Monitoring Site Locations: o Investigate alternative monitoring locations in unmonitored subwatersheds o Evaluate the eight-year record of water quality data at baseline monitoring sites to determine future frequency of monitoring activities at all locations o Complete additional biological data assessment and analysis for CRWD lakes to determine causes of water quality changes and trends

•

Evaluation of Laboratory Services: o CRWD switched laboratory services in 2012 from MCES to Pace Analytical o CRWD and Barr Engineering rigorously evaluated the 2012 data from Pace Analytical for QA/QC purposes and to determine if the data was comparable to MCES data from previous years o Barr Engineering determined the 2012 data from Pace Analytical to be comparable to previous years and provided recommendations for future laboratory services, laboratory analysis methods, and sampling procedures o In 2013, CRWD will evaluate and implement the recommendations developed by Barr Engineering to ensure CRWD monitoring data results are of the highest quality

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 68

Chapter 6

References

Barr Engineering Company (Barr), 2013. 2012 Water Quality Data Review. Minneapolis, MN. Capitol Region Watershed District (CRWD), 2012. Stormwater BMP Performance Assessment and Cost-Benefit Analysis. Saint Paul, MN. Capitol Region Watershed District (CRWD), 2010. CRWD 2010 Watershed Management Plan. Saint Paul, MN. Capitol Region Watershed District (CRWD), 2002. Como Lake Strategic Management Plan. Saint Paul, MN. Capitol Region Watershed District (CRWD), 2000. Watershed Management Plan 2000. Roseville, MN. Maestre, A. and Pitt, R., 2005. The National Stormwater Quality Database, Version 1.1, A compilation and Analysis of NPDES Stormwater Monitoring Information. Center for Watershed Protection: Ellicott City, MD. Prepared for US EPA, Office of Water, Washington, D.C. City of St. Paul Surveyorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Office, 2011. Survey records. Accessed on-line from http://survey.ci.stpaul.mn.us/survey_records1.html. Saint Paul, MN. ESRI, 2011. ArcGIS 9.3 Redlands, CA, USA. Kloiber, S.M., 2006. Estimating nonpoint source pollution for the Twin Cities Metropolitan area using landscape variables. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 172: 313-335. Massa, S., Brocchi, G.F., Peri, G. Altieri, C. and Mammina, C., 2001. Evaluation of recovery methods to detect faecal streptococci in polluted waters. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 32: 298-302. McCollor, S. and Heiskary, S., 1993. Selected water quality characteristics of minimally impacted streams from Minnesotaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s seven ecoregions. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Saint Paul, MN. Metropolitan Council Environmental Services (MCES), 2012. Environmental Information Management System. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA), 2012. Final TMDL list of impaired waters. Accessed on-line from http://www.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/view-document.html?gid=8281. Saint Paul, MN.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 69

Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA), 2010. Draft TMDL list of impaired waters. Accessed on-line from http://www.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/view-document.html?gid=8260. Saint Paul, MN. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA), 2008. Archived Water Quality Standards Rule Revisions from http://www.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/water/water-permits-and-rules/waterrulemaking/archived-water-quality-standards-rule-revisions.html National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration (NOAA), 2013. National Weather Service Climate data. Accessed on-line from http://www.weather.gov/climate/index.php?wfo=mpx United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2013. Current national recommended water quality criteria. Accessed on-line from http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/criteria/wqcriteria.html

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 70

Appendix A: Detailed Subwatershed Data

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 71

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 72

Appendix A.1

Como Lake Subwatershed

The Como Lake subwatershed is located directly east of the St. Anthony Park subwatershed, and includes the cities of St. Paul, Roseville, and Falcon Heights. Como 7 is one of eight minor subwatersheds within the Como Lake subwatershed, and is located west of Como Lake. North of Como 7 is Como 8 subwatershed, which drains to Gottfriedâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Pit, a stormwater detention pond. When the water level in Gottfriedâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Pit reaches a specific level, a lift station pumps the water via storm sewer to the Como Park Regional Pond before being discharged to Como Lake. CRWD monitors the Como 7 subwatershed to determine the aggregated or combined improvements to water quality based on the BMPs constructed as part of the Arlington-Pascal Stormwater Improvement Project. Started in 2005, the project included four stormwater BMP types: 1) eight infiltration trenches, 2) eight raingardens, 3) an underground infiltration and storage facility (Arlington-Hamline Underground Storage Facility) and 4) a stormwater pond at the Como Golf Course. These BMPs treat and infiltrate stormwater runoff, minimize localized flooding and reduce stormwater volumes in the storm sewer system. Three of the four BMPs, the Arlington-Hamline Underground Stormwater Storage Facility, eight in-street infiltration trenches and eight neighborhood raingardens, became operational in 2006 and 2007. The last BMP of the project, a storage and retention pond on the Como Park Golf Course (Como Park Regional Pond) became operational in October 2007.

Como 7 station

Como Golf Course Pond near Outlet

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 73

Figure 33. Sampling Sites in the Como Lake Subwatershed.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 74

Table 16. 2005-2012 Como 7 Subwatershed Monitoring Results.

Subwatershed Area (ac) Total Rainfall (inches) Number of Monitoring Days Number of Storm Sampling Events Number of Storm Intervals Illicit Discharge Sampling Events Number of Illicit Discharge Intervals Total Discharge (cf) Storm Flow Subtotal (cf) Illicit Discharge Flow Subtotal (cf) Average TSS Concentration (mg/L) Total FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) Storm FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) Illicit Discharge FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) Total TSS Loading (lbs) Storm TSS Loading (lbs) Illicit Discharge TSS Loading (lbs) Total TSS Yield (lb/ac) Normalized Total TSS Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) Average TP Concentration (mg/L) Total FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) Storm FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) Illicit Discharge FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) Total TP Loading (lbs) Storm TP Loading (lbs) Illicit Discharge TP Loading (lbs) Total TP Yield (lb/ac) Normalized Total TP Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) Note: Como 7 was not monitored in 2006. NA: Not available

2005 793 28.96 195 15 22 3 36 6,830,745 2,855,384 NA 219 134 29 134 57,123 49,982 7,142 72 30 0.297 0.290 0.310 0.270 123 56 67 0.150 0.065

2007 793 24.16 222 22 40 3 41 6,999,688 2,541,171 NA 154 93 162 54 40,727 25,697 15,030 51 21 0.330 0.240 0.300 0.210 104 47 57 0.130 0.054

2008 793 17.40 204 15 34 4 1 5,228,923 4,961,542 267,381 233 65 66 46 21,247 20,479 768 27 15 0.426 0.283 0.266 0.595 92 82 10 0.116 0.064

2009 2010 2011 2012 793 793 793 793 18.82 30.92 28.90 26.02 217 206 205 222 33 23 6 38 50 55 37 55 12 3 0 6 150 92 43 140 8,050,350 15,626,233 14,918,644 11,682,085 7,767,386 15,242,041 14,746,403 11,524,712 282,963 384,191 172,241 157,373 133 118 165 77 46 35 56 34 47 33 56 34 21 88 2 18 23,198 33,902 51,943 24,898 22,833 31,780 51,921 24,719 364 2,122 21 179 29 43 66 31 10 8 13 8 0.363 0.277 0.303 0.399 0.206 0.209 0.218 0.287 0.205 0.210 0.220 0.284 0.225 0.188 0.053 0.525 103 204 203 209 99 200 203 204 4 5 0.600 5 0.130 0.257 0.256 0.264 0.046 0.047 0.049 0.065

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 75

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 76

Table 17. 2012 Como 7 Subwatershed Laboratory Data. Como 7 Sample Type Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge

Sampling End Date/Time 07/02/2012 14:28 07/17/2012 11:06 07/31/2012 08:17 07/31/2012 23:26 08/14/2012 12:41 08/28/2012 14:35 09/26/2012 12:10 ID Average ID Maximum ID Minimum ID Median

Ortho-P mg/L 0.030 0.040 0.110 0.150 0.083 0.150 0.030 0.075

Cl mg/L 41.6 34.1 36.0 39.4 35.6 37.3 41.6 34.1 36.0

Cd mg/L 0.000120 0.000096 0.000080 0.000080 0.000080 0.000080 0.000089 0.000120 0.000080 0.000080

Cr mg/L 0.00130 0.00110 0.00130 0.00079 0.00067 0.00089 0.00101 0.00130 0.00067 0.00100

Cu mg/L 0.0065 0.0030 0.0060 0.0035 0.0039 0.0023 0.0042 0.0065 0.0023 0.0037

Pb mg/L 0.00110 0.00067 0.00150 0.00061 0.00110 0.00036 0.00089 0.00150 0.00036 0.00089

K mg/L 5.25 2.81 6.70 3.94 3.92 3.33 4.33 6.70 2.81 3.93

Ni mg/L 0.00160 0.00086 0.00160 0.00085 0.00067 0.00097 0.00109 0.00160 0.00067 0.00092

Zn mg/L 0.0288 0.0158 0.0459 0.0149 0.0272 0.0089 0.0236 0.0459 0.0089 0.0215

NH3 mg/L 0.380 0.440 1.100 0.690 0.380 0.620 0.602 1.100 0.380 0.530

TKN mg/L

Sampling start Sampling End Date/Time Date/Time 01/26/2012 14:00 01/26/2012 14:00 03/06/2012 13:25 03/06/2012 13:25 03/22/2012 10:15 03/22/2012 10:15 04/15/2012 02:08 04/15/2012 03:39 04/17/2012 22:54 04/18/2012 00:27 04/21/2012 21:37 04/22/2012 01:01 05/01/2012 21:52 05/02/2012 00:38 05/03/2012 10:50 05/03/2012 10:50 05/03/2012 10:20 05/03/2012 10:53 05/04/2012 19:02 05/04/2012 20:09 05/05/2012 14:44 05/05/2012 15:36 05/19/2012 18:53 05/19/2012 19:51 05/23/2012 21:03 05/24/2012 00:50 05/24/2012 07:55 05/24/2012 07:55 05/26/2012 10:31 05/26/2012 12:11 06/10/2012 21:22 06/10/2012 23:38 06/14/2012 10:03 06/14/2012 10:03 06/14/2012 10:00 06/14/2012 10:59 06/16/2012 09:56 06/16/2012 11:22 06/17/2012 23:33 06/17/2012 23:55 07/06/2012 18:59 07/06/2012 23:39 07/13/2012 04:17 07/13/2012 07:02 07/18/2012 02:21 07/18/2012 03:19 07/18/2012 10:31 07/18/2012 11:04 07/24/2012 08:41 07/24/2012 08:41 07/24/2012 05:51 07/24/2012 11:21 07/29/2012 05:51 07/29/2012 08:22 08/03/2012 23:40 08/04/2012 01:48 09/17/2012 04:05 09/17/2012 05:22 10/24/2012 17:05 10/24/2012 20:54 10/25/2012 05:04 10/25/2012 05:37 10/25/2012 08:53 10/25/2012 08:53 Snowmelt Average Como 7 Storm Average Como 7 Annual Average Annual Maximum Annual Minimum Annual Median

Ortho-P mg/L 0.160 0.310 0.130 0.010 0.010 0.036 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.021 0.010 0.035 0.010 0.010 0.070 0.980 0.390 0.235 0.104 0.117 0.980 0.010 0.010

Cl mg/L 6,490.0 100.0 45.4 7.6 7.3 4.7 4.6 6.7 8.1 4.4 10.7 4.3 2.3 6.7 4.3 2.1 2.0 2.1 5.0 3.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 13.5 25.5 9.0 3,295.0 7.5 251.0 6,490.0 2.0 4.7

Cd mg/L 0.001100 0.000096 0.000310 0.000150 0.000100 0.000080 0.000140 0.000480 0.000098 0.000093 0.000440 0.000190 0.000110 0.000250 0.000290 0.000240 0.000180 0.000240 0.000230 0.000220 0.000120 0.000120 0.000080 0.000100 0.000350 0.000260 0.000210 0.000598 0.000203 0.000232 0.001100 0.000080 0.000190

Cr mg/L 0.01500 0.00460 0.01030 0.00560 0.00270 0.00120 0.00270 0.01810 0.00250 0.00260 0.00670 0.00360 0.00220 0.00430 0.00570 0.00410 0.00570 0.00500 0.00370 0.00430 0.00320 0.00210 0.00120 0.00180 0.00400 0.00300 0.01750 0.00980 0.00495 0.00531 0.01810 0.00120 0.00400

Cu mg/L 0.0350 0.0107 0.0263 0.0135 0.0074 0.0049 0.0066 0.0325 0.0085 0.0057 0.0281 0.0136 0.0050 0.0156 0.0197 0.0112 0.0091 0.0192 0.0154 0.0146 0.0060 0.0058 0.0034 0.0071 0.0192 0.0174 0.0160 0.0229 0.0133 0.0140 0.0350 0.0034 0.0135

Pb mg/L 0.01820 0.00700 0.01580 0.01070 0.00850 0.00280 0.00580 0.05480 0.00850 0.00510 0.02570 0.01220 0.00540 0.01340 0.01820 0.00840 0.01810 0.01540 0.00900 0.01230 0.00770 0.00250 0.00170 0.00390 0.01770 0.00600 0.07020 0.01260 0.01439 0.01426 0.07020 0.00170 0.00900

K mg/L

Ni mg/L 0.01010 0.00330 0.00860 0.00420 0.00220 0.00100 0.00170 0.01080 0.00150 0.00100 0.00600 0.00390 0.00160 0.00270 0.00440 0.00320 0.02320 0.00440 0.00320 0.00390 0.00170 0.00150 0.00081 0.00150 0.00410 0.00410 0.00380 0.00670 0.00420 0.00439 0.02320 0.00081 0.00330

Zn mg/L 0.2280 0.0582 0.1680 0.0947 0.0587 0.0456 0.0528 0.2020 0.0689 0.0559 0.1680 0.0910 0.0733 0.0909 0.1080 0.1970 0.0779 0.1100 0.0886 0.0961 0.0447 0.0345 0.0268 0.0466 0.1220 0.0959 0.1390 0.1431 0.0943 0.0979 0.2280 0.0268 0.0909

NH3 mg/L 0.076 0.850 0.780 0.200 0.830 0.310 0.490 0.270 0.260 0.330 0.230 0.360 0.400 0.150 0.190 0.250 0.530 0.460 1.100 0.590 0.210 0.069 0.040 0.370 0.080 0.250 0.160 0.463 0.356 0.364 1.100 0.040 0.270

TKN mg/L

Golf Course Pond Outlet Sample Sampling start Sampling End Type Date/Time Date/Time Storm Composite 05/02/2012 00:19 05/02/2012 12:46 Storm Composite 05/02/2012 13:33 05/03/2012 12:49 Storm Composite 05/04/2012 10:33 05/05/2012 08:22 Storm Composite 05/19/2012 20:43 05/21/2012 10:47 Storm Composite 05/24/2012 00:57 05/24/2012 07:04 Storm Composite 06/10/2012 23:53 06/11/2012 11:03 Storm Composite 06/14/2012 11:16 06/15/2012 08:00 Storm Composite 07/06/2012 22:01 07/08/2012 08:31 Storm Composite 07/18/2012 10:54 07/19/2012 08:49 Storm Composite 07/19/2012 10:19 07/20/2012 08:08 Storm Composite 07/24/2012 11:42 07/25/2012 04:51 Storm Composite 07/30/2012 09:44 07/31/2012 04:19 Storm Composite 08/04/2012 01:13 08/05/2012 12:12 Storm Average Golf Course Pond Outlet Annual Average Como 7 Subwatershed Annual Maximum Como 7 Subwatershed Annual Minimum Como 7 Subwatershed Annual Median Como 7 Subwatershed

Ortho-P mg/L 0.084 0.140 0.110 0.022 0.010 0.036 0.021 0.010 0.010 0.021 0.010 0.043 0.089 0.980 0.010 0.022

Cl mg/L 57.4 44.8 97.6 59.3 38.1 24.0 25.8 14.8 9.6 8.2 4.6 4.2 4.5 30.2 163.5 6,490.0 2.0 8.1

Cd mg/L 0.000080 0.000100 0.000080 0.000110 0.000080 0.000290 0.000080 0.000080 0.000080 0.000080 0.000080 0.000080 0.000150 0.000105 0.000178 0.001100 0.000080 0.000110

Cr mg/L 0.00120 0.00160 0.00260 0.00280 0.00160 0.00170 0.00097 0.00140 0.00120 0.00130 0.00120 0.00100 0.00120 0.00152 0.00368 0.01810 0.00067 0.00255

Cu mg/L 0.0040 0.0044 0.0037 0.0079 0.0049 0.0061 0.0033 0.0058 0.0047 0.0043 0.0046 0.0034 0.0045 0.0047 0.0101 0.0350 0.0023 0.0063

Pb mg/L 0.00170 0.00610 0.00160 0.00530 0.00470 0.00320 0.00110 0.00260 0.00180 0.00140 0.00170 0.00120 0.00270 0.00270 0.00925 0.07020 0.00036 0.00535

K mg/L

Ni mg/L 0.00120 0.00110 0.00120 0.00210 0.00140 0.00096 0.00100 0.00180 0.00150 0.00160 0.00150 0.00100 0.00130 0.00136 0.00310 0.02320 0.00067 0.00160

Zn mg/L 0.0273 0.0370 0.0338 0.0390 0.0395 0.0318 0.0208 0.0345 0.0342 0.0312 0.0237 0.0164 0.0329 0.0309 0.0693 0.2280 0.0089 0.0463

NH3 mg/L 0.680 0.400 0.650 0.820 0.730 0.130 0.460 0.420 0.370 0.360 0.063 0.140 0.240 0.420 0.411 1.100 0.040 0.370

TKN mg/L

Como 7 Sample Type Snowmelt Grab Snowmelt Grab Storm Grab Storm Composite Storm Composite Storm Composite Storm Composite Storm Grab Storm Composite Storm Composite Storm Composite Storm Composite Storm Composite Storm Grab Storm Composite Storm Composite Storm Grab Storm Composite Storm Composite Storm Composite Storm Composite Storm Composite Storm Composite Storm Composite Storm Grab Storm Composite Storm Composite Storm Composite Storm Composite Storm Composite Storm Composite Storm Composite

Sampling start Date/Time 07/02/2012 08:44 07/17/2012 08:32 07/31/2012 08:17 07/31/2012 11:37 08/14/2012 09:29 08/28/2012 07:37 09/26/2012 09:51

2.31 1.10 1.34 1.29 1.51 1.51 2.31 1.10 1.32

2.11 2.11 3.10 6.70 1.10 2.81

NO3 mg/L 0.29 0.25 0.40 0.24 0.27 0.29 0.40 0.24 0.27

NO2 NO2 +NO3 mg/L mg/L 0.10 0.30 0.34 0.59 0.27 0.66 0.31 0.56 0.35 0.62 0.27 0.55 0.35 0.66 0.10 0.30 0.31 0.59

TDS mg/L

1.8 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.8 1.2 1.5

Total P mg/L 0.33 0.20 1.50 0.58 0.34 0.22 0.53 1.50 0.20 0.34

TVS mg/L

160 164 178 168 168 178 160 166

TSS mg/L 19.7 15.5 38.2 23.2 8.9 5.0 18.4 38.2 5.0 17.6

6.1 3.4 3.6 1.3 2.5 1.0 1.6 3.0 2.8 4.6 5.4 2.7 1.0 2.9 1.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 2.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.3 1.0 4.8 2.1 2.3 6.1 1.0 1.8

Total P mg/L 0.69 0.66 0.42 0.22 0.32 0.17 0.20 0.85 0.38 0.24 0.47 0.37 0.19 0.36 0.42 0.33 0.24 0.36 0.55 0.62 0.16 0.10 0.64 0.19 0.82 1.30 0.86 0.68 0.43 0.45 1.30 0.10 0.37

NO3 mg/L 1.10 0.26 0.52 0.20 0.40 0.32 0.34 0.27 0.20 0.39 0.14 0.24 0.19 0.16 0.42 0.27 0.32 0.21 1.00 0.64 0.36 0.23 0.27 0.21 0.24 0.10 0.10 0.68 0.31 0.34 1.10 0.10 0.27

1.8 1.5 2.6 2.8 1.6 2.2 1.7 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.0 3.0 1.0 1.8 2.1 6.1 1.0 1.6

Total P mg/L 0.05 0.20 0.23 0.43 0.29 0.26 0.17 0.43 0.28 0.27 0.18 0.13 0.14 0.24 0.40 1.50 0.05 0.33

NO3 mg/L 0.25 0.24 0.21 0.16 0.20 0.14 0.16 0.10 0.11 0.74 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.29 1.10 0.10 0.24

NO2 NO2 +NO3 mg/L mg/L 0.23 1.30 0.10 0.30 0.10 0.56 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.42 0.10 0.33 0.10 0.36 0.10 0.28 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.41 0.10 0.14 0.10 0.27 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.17 0.10 0.46 0.10 0.30 0.10 0.33 0.10 0.24 0.10 1.10 0.10 0.66 0.10 0.38 0.10 0.25 0.10 0.29 0.10 0.24 0.10 0.24 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.17 0.80 0.10 0.33 0.10 0.36 0.23 1.30 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.29

TDS mg/L 10,400 244 186 46 62 60 50 40 54 36 86 44 88 40 30 20 38 44 86 41 32 20 44 272 98 5,322 66 486 10,400 20 46

TSS mg/L 237.0 65.8 148.0 130.0 117.0 17.9 74.5 369.0 77.6 41.5 374.0 120.0 44.3 125.0 239.0 60.8 139.0 115.0 101.0 125.0 39.3 19.4 18.9 30.7 143.0 52.4 120.0 151.4 113.7 116.5 374.0 17.9 115.0

TVS mg/L 390.0 59.0 108.0 37.0 48.0 28.0 47.0 10.0 108.0 65.7 81.2 111.0 17.0 115.0 19.6 80.9 37.9 72.6 23.1 29.7 10.4 4.2 224.5 52.7 68.3 390.0 4.2 47.5

VSS mg/L

NO2 NO2 +NO3 mg/L mg/L 0.10 0.27 0.10 0.27 0.10 0.23 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.23 0.10 0.17 0.10 0.17 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.13 0.10 0.78 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.22 0.12 0.34 0.35 1.30 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.27

TDS mg/L

TSS mg/L 13.3 15.2 7.4 43.6 21.7 65.6 10.4 18.6 21.0 23.8 21.0 11.5 14.1 22.1 77.0 374.0 5.0 42.6

TVS mg/L 26.0 10.0 100.0 84.4 67.0 79.0 14.8 54.4 55.4 105.0 39.5 18.5 54.5 63.9 390.0 4.2 54.9

VSS

142 24 206 146 108 30 87 84 80 67 58 40 60 87 332 10,400 20 61

Note: Nitrate (NO3 ), Nitrite (NO2 ), and CBOD values may contain estimated unflagged data -

VSS mg/L

82.9 60.5 71.7 82.9 60.5 71.7

Actual number less than value (<) Reporting limit halved Not collected

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 77

CBOD mg/L

5 5 5 5 5

Hardness mg/L 88.6 75.3 92.2 94.1 89.2 99.0 89.7 99.0 75.3 90.7

Fl mg/L

32.3 8.8 8.8 16.6 32.3 8.8 8.8

SO4 mg/L 22.0 19.7 19.8 23.9 20.2 21.1 23.9 19.7 20.2

73 41 76 63 63 76 41 73

Hardness mg/L 281.0 34.2 53.7 33.2 22.4 14.1 21.7 101.0 22.0 20.2 66.6 55.4 20.3 36.0 51.1 42.8 22.3 70.9 39.4 37.4 18.5 18.7 15.1 23.1 53.0 81.4 45.0 157.6 39.4 48.2 281.0 14.1 36.0

CBOD mg/L 57.0 11.1 12.3 11.9 14.8 12.8 8.1 59.2 11.4 5.4 2.7 7.2 3.6 50.5 34.1 16.7 19.1 59.2 2.7 11.7

SO4 mg/L 46.2 2.5 16.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.5 4.1 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 24.4 3.1 4.7 46.2 2.5 2.5

Fl mg/L

Hardness mg/L 24.1 20.6 25.6 30.9 26.1 29.2 27.2 28.2 28.0 26.3 23.1 21.7 22.6 25.7 47.2 281.0 14.1 30.1

CBOD mg/L

SO4 mg/L

Fl mg/L

49 76 5 57

5.7 2.9 9.6 5.5 15.2 8.0 10.1 6.1 6.5 7.7 14.9 59.2 2.7 9.2

2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 5.9 46.2 2.5 2.5

Ca mg/L 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.0

Mg mg/L -

Ca mg/L 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

0.1 0.1 0.6 1.2 0.1 0.9

8.4 8.0 7.1 6.7 6.9 7.4 8.3 16.4 5.5 7.2

2.6 1.2 1.0 1.2 2.9 1.8 1.8 2.9 1.0 1.2

pH E. coli Std. Units mpn/100 mL 6.8 7.4 7.0 7,500 6.4 6.4 6.8 6.9 7,500 7.5 6.6 6.7 6.2 6.1 11,000 6.8 7,500 6.4 6.1 6.2 6.7 6.0 5.9 6.8 2,420 6.5 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.8 93,300 7.1 6.6 21,537 6.6 21,537 7.5 93,300 5.9 2,420 6.7 7,500

1.7 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.6 2.9 1.0 1.3

pH E. coli Std. Units mpn/100 mL 7.1 7.3 6.8 6.5 6.7 6.9 6.5 6.9 6.9 7.1 6.9 7.2 7.2 6.9 6.8 32,946 8.6 101,400 5.9 2,420 6.8 7,500

Mg mg/L

10.7 5.5 5.9 7.2 16.4 9.1 9.1 16.4 5.5 7.2

Ca mg/L

pH E. coli Std. Units mpn/100 mL 7.0 6.4 101,400 8.6 7.6 7.4 101,400 8.6 101,400 6.4 101,400 7.3 101,400

Mg mg/L

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 78

Figure 34. 2012 Como 7 Level, Discharge and Rainfall. Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 79

Figure 35. 2012 Golf Course Pond Outlet Level, Discharge and Rainfall. Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 80

Table 18. 2012 Como 7 Subwatershed Loading. Como 7 Sample Type Storm Illicit Discharge Storm Storm Storm Storm Storm Composite Storm Storm Composite Storm Storm Composite Illicit Discharge Storm Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Storm Illicit Discharge Storm Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Storm Composite Storm Composite Illicit Discharge Storm Composite Storm Composite Storm Illicit Discharge Storm Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Storm

Sample Collection Time Start Start Date End Date Time

End Time

TP (mg/L)

TSS (mg/L)

0.43

113.7

0.53 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.43

18.4 113.7 113.7 113.7 113.7

4/15/2012

2:08

4/15/2012

3:39

0.22 0.43

130.0 113.7

4/17/2012

22:54

4/18/2012

0:27

0.32 0.43

117.0 113.7

4/21/2012

21:37

4/22/2012

1:01

0.17 0.53 0.43

17.9 18.4 113.7

0.53 0.53 0.43

18.4 18.4 113.7

0.53 0.43

18.4 113.7

0.53 0.53 0.20 0.85 0.53 0.38 0.24 0.43

18.4 18.4 74.5 369.0 18.4 77.6 41.5 113.7

0.53 0.43

18.4 113.7

0.53 0.53 0.53 0.43

18.4 18.4 18.4 113.7

5/1/2012 5/3/2012

21:52 10:20

5/2/2012 5/3/2012

0:38 10:53

5/4/2012 5/5/2012

19:02 14:44

5/4/2012 5/5/2012

20:09 15:36

Loading Interval Start 3/29/12 21:40 4/2/12 11:40 4/2/12 23:50 4/7/12 12:20 4/13/12 9:20 4/13/12 18:20 4/15/12 1:40 4/15/12 19:40 4/17/12 22:00 4/19/12 18:00 4/21/12 14:00 4/24/12 11:20 4/25/12 3:00 4/26/12 8:10 4/27/12 7:40 4/28/12 8:30 4/29/12 9:10 4/29/12 21:50 4/30/12 9:10 5/1/12 7:40 5/1/12 21:40 5/3/12 3:50 5/4/12 8:40 5/4/12 18:50 5/5/12 8:20 5/6/12 2:20 5/7/12 7:30 5/8/12 8:50 5/9/12 8:20 5/10/12 9:20 5/11/12 8:20 5/11/12 19:50

Capitol Region Watershed District 2012 Monitoring Report 81

Interval Volume (cf)

Interval TP (lb)

Interval TSS (lb)

3/30/12 2:10

3,853

4/2/12 15:10 4/3/12 3:10 4/7/12 18:10 4/13/12 14:30 4/14/12 2:00 4/15/12 7:30 4/16/12 14:30 4/18/12 11:30 4/19/12 19:10 4/22/12 7:10 4/24/12 16:10 4/25/12 16:30 4/26/12 10:20 4/27/12 10:50 4/28/12 18:00 4/29/12 14:20 4/30/12 2:50 4/30/12 12:50 5/1/12 12:40 5/2/12 16:30 5/3/12 18:10 5/4/12 12:10 5/5/12 2:50 5/6/12 2:10 5/7/12 0:10 5/7/12 11:20 5/8/12 19:00 5/9/12 12:30 5/10/12 13:20 5/11/12 10:10 5/11/12 23:30

252 8,227 4,105 326 401 31,706 21,935 12,007 63 10,994 496 7,614 93 269 6,224 485 2,077 104 571 38,564 62,876 656 9,780 24,397 58,651 864 4,662 215 575 164 2,286

0.10 0.01 0.22 0.11 0.01 0.01 0.44 0.59 0.24 0.002 0.12 0.02 0.20 0.003 0.01 0.17 0.02 0.06 0.003 0.02 0.48 3.34 0.02 0.23 0.37 1.57 0.03 0.13 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.06

27 0 58 29 2 3 257 156 88 0 12 1 54 0 0 44 1 15 0 1 179 1,448 1 47 63 416 1 33 0 1 0 16

End

Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Storm Composite Illicit Discharge Storm Composite Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Storm Composite Illicit Discharge Storm Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Storm Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Storm Composite Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Storm Composite Illicit Discharge Storm Composite Illicit Discharge Storm

5/19/2012