CRWD 2011 Monitoring Report by Capitol Region Watershed District

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report

Prepared by: Capitol Region Watershed District 1410 Energy Park Drive, Suite 4 St. Paul, MN 55108 651.644.8888 www.capitolregionwd.org

Table of Contents Acronyms .....................................................................................................................................…i Definitions......................................................................................................................................iii List of Figures .................................................................................................................................v List of Tables ............................................................................................................................…vii 1. Executive Summary ...............................................................................................................…1 2. Introduction ............................................................................................................................…3 3. Baseline Stormwater Monitoring a. Monitoring Locations.................................................................................................…7 b. Monitoring and Analysis Methods...............................................................................9 c. Climatological Summary ...........................................................................................19 d. Summary of Results .....................................................................................................23 e. Detailed Results i. Como Subwatershed ........................................................................................51 ii. East Kittsondale Subwatershed ........................................................................55 iii. Phalen Creek Subwatershed .............................................................................59 iv. St. Anthony Park Subwatershed ......................................................................63 v. Trout Brook Subwatershed ..............................................................................69 vi. Lake McCarrons Subwatershed .......................................................................77 4. Lake Monitoring a. Introduction ..................................................................................................................83 b. Methods........................................................................................................................84 c. Results ..........................................................................................................................85 5. Conclusions and Recommendations ........................................................................................95 References......................................................................................................................................99 Appendices A. Detailed Subwatershed Data i. Como Subwatershed .....................................................................................103 ii. East Kittsondale Subwatershed ......................................................................109 iii. Phalen Creek Subwatershed ...........................................................................116 iv. St. Anthony Park Subwatershed ....................................................................122 v. Trout Brook Subwatershed ............................................................................132 vi. Lake McCarrons Subwatershed .....................................................................152 B. Metals Standards Based on Hardness..........................................................................161 C. Reference Tables .........................................................................................................165

Acronyms and Abbreviations ac AHUG BMP cBOD Cd cf cfs cfu chl-a Cl Cr CRWD Cu DO E. coli EPA ft GP ha FWA IBI IDDE in kg L lb m MCES mg mL MnDOT MPCA MPN MS4 NA NCHF NH3 Ni NO2

Acre Arlington Hamline Underground Best Management Practice 5-day Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand Cadmium Cubic feet Cubic feet per second Colony forming unit Chlorophyll-a Chloride Chromium Capitol Region Watershed District Copper Dissolved Oxygen Escherichia coli Environmental Protection Agency Foot Gottfriedâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Pit Hectare Flow-Weighted Average Index of Biological Integrity Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Inch Kilogram Liter Pound Meter Metropolitan Council Environmental Services Milligram Milliliter Minnesota Department of Transportation Minnesota Pollution Control Agency Most probable number Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System Not Available North Central Hardwood Forest Ammonia Nickel Nitrite Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report i

NO3 NOAA Ortho-P Pb PCBs RCD RCPW s TB TBI TDS TKN TMDL TP TSS VSS Zn

Nitrate National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Ortho-phosphate Lead Polychlorinated biphenyls Ramsey Conservation District Ramsey County Public Works Second Trout Brook Trout Brook Storm Sewer Interceptor Total Dissolved Solids Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen Total Maximum Daily Load Total Phosphorus Total Suspended Solids Volatile Suspended Solids Zinc

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Definitions Acute exposure – in water quality standards, the minimum concentration of a chemical to which an organism may be exposed for a short time period without experiencing adverse effects. Baseflow – water flowing through the pipe during non-storm events, usually at a relatively constant, slow velocity. Best Management Practice – Technique, measure, or structural control that is used for a given set of conditions to manage the quantity and improve the quality of stormwater runoff in the most cost effective manner. Chronic exposure – in water quality standards, the minimum concentration of a chemical to which an organism may be exposed for an extended period of time without experiencing adverse effects. Composite sample – a water sample that is made up of several samples taken at spaced intervals. Discharge – rate of flow in pipe or stream, expressed as a volume per unit time, most commonly cubic feet per second (cfs). Epilimnion – in a lake, the top layer of water, characterized in the summer by warm, circulating water. MPCA lake standards are based on water sampled from this layer. Eutrophic – a water body with high biological productivity. These lakes have murky water and an extensive macrophyte population. Algal blooms are common. Flow-weighted concentration – the total pollutant load divided by total flow, often expressed as mg/L. Grab sample – a water sample that is obtained by taking a single sample. Hardness – the concentration of salts (e.g. calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate) in a water sample. Hypereutrophic – a waterbody with excessive biological productivity. These lakes have very murky water, frequent algal blooms and fish kills, foul odor, and rough fish. Illicit Discharge – Any discharge to the municipal separate storm sewer system that is not composed entirely of stormwater, except for discharges allowed under a NPDES permit or water used for firefighting operations (EPA). Impaired Waters – Waters that are not meeting their designated uses because of excess pollutants violating water quality standards (from the MPCA website). Load – the total volume of pollutant, often expressed in lbs or kg.

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Mesotrophic – a waterbody that has intermediate biological productivity. These lakes have moderately clear water, late-summer algal blooms, moderate macrophyte populations, and occasional fish kills. Normalized Pollutant Yield – This normalized yield accounts for temporal and spatial precipitation differences by dividing the pollutant yield by the number of inches of water runoff (water yield) in a subwatershed over a given period of time. It is expressed as pounds per acre per inch of runoff. Oligotrophic – a waterbody that has low biological productivity, and is characterized by clear water, few macrophytes, and salmonid fish. Secchi depth – a measure of the transparency of lake water. Storm flow – water flowing through the pipe during storm events. Storm flow usually occurs for a short amount of time, and has a high velocity. Stormwater – water that is not infiltrated into the soil during and following a rainfall event. Yield – the amount of pollutant produced per land area, often expressed as lbs/acre or kg/ha.

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List of Figures Figure 1. Capitol Region Watershed District ........................................................................................5 Figure 2. Mississippi River Reference Site and 2011 CRWD Monitoring Sites ..................................8 Figure 3. Annual precipitation totals (2005-2010) as compared to the NWS 30-year normal ...........20 Figure 4. Monthly precipitation totals for 2011 in CRWD .................................................................21 Figure 5. Total Discharge at CRWD Monitoring Sites, 2005 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2011.................................................25 Figure 6. Storm and Base Discharge CRWD Monitoring Sites, 2011................................................26 Figure 7. Total Water Yield at CRWD Monitoring Sites, 2005-2011 ................................................27 Figure 8. Flow-Weighted Average TSS Concentrations at CRWD Monitoring Sites, 2005-2011 ....25 Figure 9. Flow-Weighted Average TP Concentrations at CRWD Monitoring Sites, 2005-2011 ......26 Figure 10. Storm and Base TSS Loads at CRWD Monitoring Sites, 2011 ........................................27 Figure 11. Storm and Base TP Loads at CRWD Monitoring Sites, 2011 ..........................................28 Figure 12. TSS Yields at CRWD Monitoring Sites ............................................................................29 Figure 13. Normalized TSS Yields at CRWD Monitoring Sites ........................................................30 Figure 14. Normalized TSS Yields Across CRWD Monitored Subwatersheds .................................31 Figure 15. TP Yields at CRWD Monitoring Sites ..............................................................................32 Figure 16. Normalized TP Yields at CRWD Monitoring Sites ..........................................................33 Figure 17. Normalized TP Yields Across CRWD Monitored Subwatersheds ...................................34 Figure 18. TSS Yields at Metro-Area Tributaries and CRWD Subwatershed Outlets .......................35 Figure 19. TP Yields at Metro-Area Tributaries and CRWD Subwatershed Outlets .........................36 Figure 20. Sampling Sites in the Como Lake Subwatershed ..............................................................47 Figure 21. Sampling Sites in the East Kittsondale Subwatershed ......................................................51 Figure 22. Sampling Sites in the Phalen Creek Subwatershed.......... .................................................55 Figure 23. Sampling Sites in the St. Anthony Park Subwatershed .....................................................59 Figure 24. Sampling Sites in the Trout Brook Subwatershed .............................................................67 Figure 25. Lake McCarrons Subwatershed .........................................................................................73 Figure 26. Historical Growing Season Secchi Depth Averages .........................................................80 Figure 27. Historical Growing Season Average Chl-a Concentrations ..............................................80 Figure 28. Historical Growing Season Average TP Concentrations ..................................................81 Figure 29. 2011 and Historical Growing Season Secchi Depth Averages .........................................81 Figure 30. 2011 and Historical Growing Season Chl-a Averages ......................................................82 Figure 31. 2011 and Historical Growing Season TP Averages ..........................................................82 Figure 32. Como Lake Growing Season Secchi Depths, and TP and Chl-a Averages .....................83 Figure 33. Crosby Lake Growing Season Secchi Depths, and TP and Chl-a Averages....................84 Figure 34. Lake McCarrons Growing Season Secchi Depths, and TP and Chl-a Averages .............85 Figure 35. Loeb Lake Growing Season Secchi Depths, and TP and Chl-a Averages .......................86 Figure 36. 2011 Como 7 Level, Velocity, and Discharge ................................................................105 Figure 37. 2011 Como 7 Level, Discharge, and Rain .......................................................................106 Figure 38. 2011 Golf Course Pond Outlet Level, Velocity, and Discharge .....................................107 Figure 39. 2011 Golf Course Pond Outlet Level, Discharge, and Rain............................................108 Figure 40. 2011 East Kittsondale Level, Velocity, and Discharge ...................................................115 Figure 41. 2011 East Kittsondale Level, Discharge, and Rain .........................................................116 Figure 42. 2011 Phalen Creek Level, Velocity, and Discharge ........................................................121 Figure 43. 2011 Phalen Creek Level, Discharge, and Rain ..............................................................122 Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report v

Figure 44. Figure 45. Figure 46. Figure 47. Figure 48. Figure 49. Figure 50. Figure 51. Figure 52. Figure 53. Figure 54. Figure 55. Figure 56. Figure 57. Figure 58. Figure 59. Figure 60.

2011 St. Anthony Park Level, Velocity, and Discharge..................................................129 2011 St. Anthony Park Level, Discharge, and Rain ........................................................130 2011 Sarita Outlet Level, Velocity, and Discharge .........................................................135 2011 Sarita Outlet Level, Discharge, and Rain ...............................................................136 2011 Trout Brook – West Branch Level, Velocity, and Discharge.................................141 2011 Trout Brook – West Branch Level, Discharge, and Rain .......................................142 2011 Trout Brook – East Branch Level, Velocity, and Discharge ..................................149 2011 Trout Brook – East Branch Level, Discharge, and Rain ........................................150 2011 Trout Brook Outlet Level, Velocity, and Discharge ..............................................157 2011 Trout Brook Outlet Level, Discharge, and Rain.....................................................158 Water Level Elevation and Precipitation at Arlington-Jackson Stormwater Pond, 2011 ....................................................................................................161 Water Level Elevation and Precipitation at Sims-Agate Stormwater Pond, 2011 ..........162 Water Level Elevation and Precipitation at Westminster-Mississippi Stormwater Pond, 2011 ....................................................................................................163 Water Level Elevation and Precipitation at Willow Reserve Stormwater Pond, 2011 ....................................................................................................164 2011 Villa Park Level, Velocity, and Discharge .............................................................167 2011 Villa Park Level, Discharge, and Rain ...................................................................168 Water Level and Discharge at Lake McCarrons Outlet, 2011 ........................................171

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List of Tables Table 1. Sites Monitored in 2011.....................................................................................................11 Table 2. Analysis Method, Reporting Limit, and Holding Times for Water Chemistry Parameters Analyzed by MCES Laboratory.........................................................................................12 Table 3. Surface Water Quality Standards ........................................................................................16 Table 4. NSQD Stormwater Pollutant Median Values ....................................................................18 Table 5. CRWD Monitoring Season Rainfall Amounts ..................................................................20 Table 6. The 2005 to 2011 annual precipitation totals as compared to the NWS 30-year normal. .24 Table 7. CRWD Total Monitoring Days..........................................................................................24 Table 8. 2011 Monitoring Results Summary ...................................................................................30 Table 9. Pollutant Standards and Average Concentrations at Monitoring Sites and in the Mississippi River ...............................................................................................................43 Table 10. 2011 Metals Concentrations at CRWD Sites and in the Mississippi River .....................45 Table 11. 2011 Baseflow Grab E. coli Concentrations at CRWD Baseline Sites ...........................46 Table 12. 2011 Stormflow Grab E. coli Concentrations at CRWD Baseline Sites .........................47 Table 13. CRWD 2011 Median Stormwater Data versus NSQD Median Data ..............................49 Table 14. 2005 – 2011 Como 7 Subwatershed Monitoring Results ................................................54 Table 15. 2005 – 2011 East Kittsondale Monitoring Results ..........................................................57 Table 16. 2005 – 2011 Phalen Creek Monitoring Results ...............................................................61 Table 17. 2005 – 2011 St. Anthony Park Monitoring Results .........................................................67 Table 18. 2005 – 2011 Sarita Monitoring Results ...........................................................................68 Table 19. Average Pond Elevations in Trout Brook Stormwater Ponds, 2006 - 2011.......... ..........72 Table 20. 2005 – 2011 Trout Brook - West Branch Monitoring Results ........................................74 Table 21. 2006 – 2011 Trout Brook - East Branch Monitoring Results ..........................................75 Table 22. 2005 – 2011 Trout Brook Outlet Monitoring Results......................................................76 Table 23. 2005 – 2011 McCarrons Outlet Stage and Discharge......................................................79 Table 24. 2006 – 2011 Results for the Villa Park Subwatershed ....................................................81 Table 25. Deep and Shallow Lake Water Quality Standards...........................................................85 Table 26. 2011 and Historical Water Quality Average Concentrations ..........................................87 Table 27. 2011 Como 7 Subwatershed Laboratory Data ...............................................................103 Table 28. 2011 Como 7 Subwatershed Loading ............................................................................109 Table 29. 2011 East Kittsondale Subwatershed Laboratory Data .................................................113 Table 30. 2011 East Kittsondale Subwatershed Loading ..............................................................117 Table 31. 2011 Phalen Creek Laboratory Data ..............................................................................119 Table 32. 2011 Phalen Creek Loading ...........................................................................................123 Table 33. 2011 St. Anthony Park Laboratory Data .......................................................................127 Table 34. 2011 St. Anthony Park Loading ....................................................................................131 Table 34. 2011 Sarita Outlet Laboratory Data ...............................................................................133 Table 34. 2011 Sarita Outlet Loading ............................................................................................137 Table 35. 2011 Trout Brook – West Branch Laboratory Data ......................................................139 Table 36. 2011 Trout Brook – West Branch Loading ...................................................................143 Table 37. 2011 Trout Brook – East Branch Laboratory Data ........................................................147 Table 38. 2011 Trout Brook – East Branch Loading .....................................................................153 Table 39. 2011 Trout Brook Outlet Laboratory Data ....................................................................155 Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report vii

Table 40. Table 41. Table 42. Table 43. Table 44. Table 45.

2011 Trout Brook Outlet Loading .................................................................................159 2011 Villa Park Laboratory Data ...................................................................................165 2011 Villa Park Loading ................................................................................................169 2011 Metals Standards Based on Average Hardness.....................................................176 2011 Data Collection Efficiency at CRWD Monitoring Sites.......................................179 2011 Epilimnetic Data and Growing Season Averages .................................................180

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Chapter 1

Executive Summary

Since 2005, the Capitol Region Watershed District (CRWD) has been monitoring stormwater quality and quantity from its 41-square mile watershed in Saint Paul, Roseville, Maplewood, Falcon Heights and Lauderdale, which eventually drains to the Mississippi River. The watershed district is highly urbanized with 225,000 residents and at least 42% impervious land cover. CRWD is a special purpose unit of local government established in 1998 whose mission is to protect, manage and improve the water resources of the District. Essential to accomplishing this mission, CRWD has developed and implemented a monitoring program to assess stormwater water quality and quantity in various subwatersheds and the four lakes located within CRWD. Throughout the year in 2011, CRWD collected water quality and flow data from storm sewers, stormwater ponds, and lakes at 17 monitoring sites. Of those 17 sites, ten sites were full monitoring stations where both water quality and flow data were collected. Four major subwatersheds in CRWD; East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, Saint Anthony Park, and Trout Brook, had full monitoring stations. The other full monitoring stations collected data from portions of two major subwatersheds, Saint Anthony Park and Trout Brook. Como 7, Villa Park, Trout Brook – West Branch, and Trout Brook – East Branch are located within Trout Brook subwatershed while Sarita is located within the Saint Anthony Park subwatershed. Samples were collected during both baseflow (dry weather) and stormflow (wet weather) and were analyzed for a suite of water quality parameters including nutrients, sediment, metals, and bacteria. Of the remaining sites, two were flow-only stations at Como Lake and Lake McCarrons and four were water level recording stations at three stormwater ponds located in the Trout Brook subwatershed and one pond located in the Villa Park subwatershed. Ramsey County Public Works Department (RCPW) monitored water quality of the four lakes in CRWD on a monthly or bi-monthly basis from May through September. The lakes were monitored for a suite of water quality parameters including nutrients, sediment, water clarity, and chlorophyll a. 2011 was an above average year for precipitation based on historical normal rainfall averages. Five sites were monitored throughout the entire year with an average of 358 days of data collected at each. These five sites (East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, St. Anthony Park, Trout Brook – West Branch, Trout Brook – East Branch, were located in the four major subwatersheds. Sites not monitored for the entire year had an average of 222 days of data each. Winter monitoring efforts is aiding in the MPCA’s Twin Cities Metropolitan Area Chloride Project. In general, CRWD major subwatersheds recorded greater flow and lower normalized phosphorus and sediment yields in 2011 than in previous years. The Trout Brook subwatershed generated the highest discharge and TP and TSS loads in CRWD with East Kittsondale subwatershed producing the next highest TSS load while Phalen Creek produced the second highest TP load. Most of this pollutant loading occurred during storms rather during dry weather conditions. The Phalen Creek site experienced high water during most of the spring and summer. This site yielded much smaller TSS loads than in the past. Of the major subwatershed outlets, the per acre water export was highest from Phalen Creek. The Trout Brook subwatershed had the second Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 1

highest per acre water yield. In terms of flow-weighted pollutant concentrations, East Kittsondale had the highest flow-weighted average TP and TSS concentrations of all sites in 2011, but the concentrations were low in comparison to other monitoring years. In East Kittsondale, land use and activities produced higher pollutant loading per acre of land and per inch of runoff than other subwatersheds. For the most part, stormwater runoff from CRWD was more polluted for TP and TSS than the Mississippi River. While the East Kittsondale subwatershed had the highest TP and TSS flowweighted average concentrations, the Phalen Creek subwatershed had the lowest flow-weighted concentrations. Besides phosphorus and sediment being pollutants of concern in CRWD, metals and bacteria issues were identified in 2011. During storm events, the average lead and copper concentrations for all major subwatershed outlet sites except one were higher than the state standards. Average zinc concentrations during storms at two of the four major subwatershed outlet sites, East Kittsondale and St. Anthony Park, were higher than the state standard. Thirteen of 19 samples collected during storm events at the four major subwatershed outlet sites in 2011 exceeded the maximum standard for E. coli bacteria with the highest being 40,400 mpn/100mL. Conversely, during dry weather, only 4 of 65 samples exceeded the state standard. The City of Saint Paul eliminated an illicit sanitary discharge of bacteria in the East Kittsondale subwatershed in May 2010, and 2011 bacteria concentrations show that it has been completely eliminated, with only one exceedance at this site during dry weather. Due to a wet monitoring season and the occurrence of spring flooding, all four lakes experienced increased total phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations, with Como Lake and Crosby Lake not meeting the state eutrophication standard, which is based on total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations and water clarity data. 2011 was the first year Crosby Lake did not meet the state standard. Based on field observations, CRWD staff observed up to 10 potential illicit discharges from the St. Anthony Park subwatershed. Due to fluctuations from the Mississippi River these discharges could not be confirmed by flow data. However, staff noted colorful plumes, floating debris, and foul odor during these events. While results are currently inconclusive, the discharges typically have higher concentrations of total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, and E. coli. CRWD is working with the City of Saint Paul to determine the source of these discharges. Based on the results and findings of the 2011 monitoring program, CRWD makes several recommendations for 2012. CRWD will continue to document illicit discharges throughout the watershed, including St. Anthony Park and work with the City of Saint Paul to eliminate this and other potential sources of pollution. It will also work to continue monitoring through winter months and work with the MPCA in monitoring the extent of chloride pollution. CRWD will also begin to evaluate important portions of unmonitored subwatersheds for consideration of new short or long-term monitoring sites.

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2 Introduction The Capitol Region Watershed District (CRWD) is located in Ramsey County, Minnesota in the Twin Cities metropolitan area. CRWD is a special purpose unit of government that was formed in 1998 to manage and protect part of the Mississippi River Basin, along with the wetlands and four lakes, Como, Loeb, Crosby, and McCarrons, that comprise the watershed and ultimately drain to the Mississippi River. Portions of the cities of Falcon Heights, Lauderdale, Maplewood, Roseville, and most of Saint Paul comprise CRWD (Figure 1). The Capitol Region Watershed is highly urbanized â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 245,000 people reside in the watershed and 42% of the land is covered by impervious surfaces. Land use in the watershed is primarily residential with tracts of commercial, industrial, and institutional uses interspersed throughout the watershed. Previous development and redevelopment in the watershed have placed a significant burden on the health and sustainability of the water resources of CRWD. Impervious surfaces generate polluted stormwater runoff which causes environmental impacts such as poor water quality, increased peak storm flows, decreased groundwater recharge, increased flooding, and loss of aquatic and wildlife habitat. In terms of water quality, stormwater runoff is one of the most significant sources of pollution in CRWD. It delivers detergents, fertilizers, pesticides, pet and wildlife waste, nutrients, sediment, heavy metals, and other anthropogenic pollutants to local waters and wetlands. It is collected and conveyed through an extensive network of underground storm sewer pipes that eventually drain to the Mississippi River. A total of 55 known outlet pipes discharge into the thirteen mile stretch of the Mississippi River bordering CRWD. Both historical and current water quality data of CRWD lakes, ponds, and the Mississippi River indicate that these water bodies are impaired for various pollutants including nutrients, bacteria, and turbidity and are not meeting their designated uses for fishing, aquatic habitat, and recreation. The Mississippi River and Como Lake are listed on the Minnesota Pollution Control Agencyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s (MPCA) 2010 303(d) list of impaired waters. Impaired waters require a total maximum daily load (TMDL) study, or pollution budget, for pollutants including bacteria, nutrients, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and turbidity (MPCA, 2010). The nutrient of most concern in CRWD is phosphorus. Phosphorus is a biological nutrient which limits the growth of algae in most lakes and streams and is often found in high concentrations in stormwater. In excess, phosphorous can cause the overgrowth of algae and aquatic plants in lakes and rivers which reduces dissolved oxygen levels and increases turbidity of the water column. Common sources of phosphorous include fertilizers from lawns and gardens, leaves and grass clippings, pet and wildlife waste, detergents used for car washing, automobile emissions, and wastewater treatment plant discharges. Sediment is another major constituent of stormwater runoff that negatively impacts water clarity and impairs benthic aquatic habitat. Its reduction or removal from stormwater is essential because it is the substrate that other pollutants adhere to. Sediment originates from erosion of soil particles from construction sites, stream banks, and lake shores, and from sand applied to streets, highways, and parking lots for deicing in the winter. Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 3

Street and highway runoff are significant contributors of metals. The potential sources of metals include auto exhaust, auto and tire wear, brakes and some winter de-icing agents. Pathogens, which include bacteria and viruses, also contribute to the water quality degradation of the water resources in CRWD. They impact recreation and pose potential health risks to humans. Sources of pathogens include illicit sanitary connections to storm drains, and pet and wildlife waste. CRWD was formed to understand and address these impacts and better protect and manage local water resources. In 2004, CRWD established a monitoring program to assess water quality and quantity of various subwatersheds and stormwater best management practices (BMPs) owned and/or operated and maintained by CRWD. Prior to the CRWD monitoring program, limited data was available on stormwater in the watershed. Since its establishment, the monitoring program has formed a foundation for CRWD initiatives, programs, and standards and allows CRWD to characterize the current state of its water resources and identify trends over time. The objectives of the program are to identify water quality problem areas, quantify the subwatershed runoff pollutant loadings to the Mississippi River, evaluate the effectiveness of BMPs, and provide data for the calibration of hydrologic, hydraulic, and water quality models. CRWD collects water quality and continuous flow data from major subwatersheds, stormwater ponds, lakes, and stormwater BMPs. There are a total of sixteen major subwatersheds in CRWD and monitoring is currently conducted in six subwatersheds (Figure 2). The six subwatersheds that are monitored include:  

Como East Kittsondale

 

McCarrons Phalen Creek

 

St. Anthony Park Trout Brook

The CRWD 2011 Monitoring Report presents information on CRWD’s water quality monitoring program including methods and water quality and flow monitoring results for subwatersheds, stormwater ponds, and lakes throughout CRWD. Major subwatershed outlet sites include four that outlet directly to the Mississippi River and five minor subwatershed outlet sites within the Como, McCarrons, St. Anthony Park, and Trout Brook Subwatersheds. Results and analysis of CRWD wetlands and stormwater BMPs are discussed in separate reports. An assessment of CRWD wetlands may be found in the 2008 CRWD Wetland Assessment Report (CRWD, 2009). A complete assessment of the effectiveness of stormwater BMPs within CRWD is presented in the BMP Performance and Cost-Benefit Analysis (CRWD, 2012).

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Figure 1. Capitol Region Watershed District. Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 5

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3 Stormwater Monitoring 3a Monitoring Locations In 2011, CRWD collected water quality and quantity data at seventeen monitoring sites in the District: ten full water quality stations, two flow-only stations, and five level logger sites (Figure 2). Also, six precipitation gauges collected rainfall data across the watershed. At each full water quality station, both water quality and quantity data was collected. The ten full water quality stations were located at: 1) Upper watershed of the St. Anthony Park subwatershed as it drains through the Sarita Wetland (Sarita) 2) St. Anthony Park subwatershed (St. Anthony Park) 3) East Kittsondale subwatershed (East Kittsondale) 4) Phalen Creek subwatershed (Phalen Creek) 5) Como 7 subwatershed, Como 7 monitoring site 6) Como 7 subwatershed, Golf Course Pond Outlet monitoring site 7) East Branch of the Trout Brook Storm Sewer Interceptor (Trout Brook â&#x20AC;&#x201C; East Branch) 8) West Branch of the Trout Brook Storm Sewer Interceptor (Trout Brook â&#x20AC;&#x201C; West Branch) 9) Outlet of the Trout Brook Storm Sewer Interceptor (Trout Brook Outlet) 10) Villa Park Wetland outlet, located in the lower western watershed of the Lake McCarrons subwatershed (Villa Park Outlet) (Figure 1)

Four of the full water quality stations (2, 3, 4, and 8) are positioned at or near the outlets of subwatersheds which drain directly to the Mississippi River. The remaining six full water quality stations are minor subwatersheds located within the Como, Lake McCarrons, St. Anthony Park, and Trout Brook subwatersheds. Two stations are operated at the outlets of Como Lake and Lake McCarrons to determine the amount of discharge from the lakes into the Trout Brook Storm Sewer Interceptor. A station is also operated at the emergency overflow structure for the Villa Park Wetland. Monitoring stations are also operated at four storm ponds in the Trout Brook subwatershed and the data is used to calibrate and update models for the Trout Brook Storm Sewer Interceptor. The storm ponds monitored are Arlington-Jackson, Sims-Agate, Westminster-Mississippi, and Willow Reserve (Figure 2). Six precipitation gauges are located throughout the watershed. They are located at Highland Park, the CRWD office location, the Villa Park Outlet monitoring site, Saint Paul Fire Station No. 1, the Trout Brook - East Branch monitoring site, and the Westminster-Mississippi stormwater pond (Figure 2). CRWD also obtains precipitation data reported by the Minnesota Climatology Research Group (University of Minnesota- St. Paul) and by the National Weather Service (NWS).

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Figure 2. Mississippi River Reference Site and 2011 CRWD Monitoring Sites.

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3b Monitoring and Analysis Methods Data Collection Methods Full water quality stations consisted of an area-velocity sensor and an automated water sampler. The area-velocity sensors are secured to the base and center of the pipe or channel and connected to the automated water sampler housed above ground. Area-velocity sensors measured and recorded water depth and velocity every 10 minutes. This data was used to calculate discharge or flow at the site. When the flow of water reached a specified depth or velocity, the sampler engaged to collect water samples. A sample was collected after a specified volume of water passed through the site in order to collect samples over the entire hydrograph. This provides a better representation of stormwater quality throughout the entirety of a storm or base flow event rather than taking a single grab sample. These individual samples are combined and mixed to produce a single composite sample. . Two different sampler sizes were used: a compact sampler and a full-size sampler. A compact sampler can collect up to 48- 200 milliliter (mL) discrete samples, and a full-size sampler can take 96- 200 mL discrete samples. Water quality samples were collected during storm events at the ten full water quality sites. With the exception of the Sarita site, monitoring stations have constant baseflow or other flow during dry weather periods. Composite samples of this dry weather flow were also taken at these sites twice a month from April through October. During the winter, monthly grab samples were taken at all of the full water quality sites except for the Como 7 and Sarita sites. Bacteria grab samples for Escherichia coli (E. coli) were taken at all sites during storm events depending on the time of day and precipitation amount. At the eight sites with baseflow, bacteria base grab samples were collected twice a month during dry weather from April through October and monthly during the winter. Bacteria grab samples for E. coli were collected directly into sterilized containers during storm events and baseflow periods and delivered immediately due to the short holding time. If the lab analysis occurred after the holding time of a given chemical parameter had expired, that chemical parameter was not analyzed. After sample collection, water quality samples were delivered to the Metropolitan Council Environmental Services (MCES) Laboratory for analysis. The chemical parameters, method of analysis, and holding times are listed in Table 2. Carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (cBOD) was also analyzed in water quality samples collected at the four major subwatershed outlet sites (East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, St. Anthony Park, and Trout Brook Outlet) during storm events and baseflow periods. The stations positioned at the outlets of Como Lake and Lake McCarrons use two different methods to collect and determine discharge data. At the Como Lake outlet, flow is regulated by a wooden weir in a manhole. A level sensor is placed on the upstream side of the weir and when the level recorded exceeds the distance between the sensor and the weir, it indicates that the structure is experiencing outflow. The volume was then calculated based on the dimensions of the weir (area) and the periods of recorded outflow (velocity). At the Lake McCarrons outlet, an area-velocity sensor connected to a data logger

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collects and records water depth and velocity every ten minutes. This data was used to calculate discharge at the site. Level logger stations were operated at four storm ponds within the Trout Brook subwatershed (Figure 2, Table 1). The data collected at these sites is used to track pond level in relationship to precipitation. Also, the data is used to calibrate the hydrologic and hydraulic model for the Trout Brook Storm Sewer Interceptor. A pressure transducer is secured at a known depth in the pond and connected to a data logger which continuously recorded stage every ten minutes. The logger locations were surveyed relative to a known benchmark, which allowed the stage data to be converted to true elevation. Precipitation was measured using automatic and manual rain gauges (Figure 2, Table 1). The Highland Park, Trout Brook - East Branch, and Saint Paul Fire Station No. 1 precipitation monitoring sites used automatic tipping bucket rain gauges which record precipitation amounts continuously during storm events. Manual rain gauges were used at the CRWD office, Villa Park, and Westminster-Mississippi locations. The manual rain gauge at the CRWD office was checked and emptied daily. Manual rain gauges at the Villa Park and Westminster-Mississippi sites were checked and emptied after every storm event. Also, precipitation data recorded every 15 minutes by the Minnesota Climatology Research Group was utilized to determine daily, monthly, and annual rainfall amounts. The precipitation gauge used by the Minnesota Climatology Research Group is located on the University of Minnesota- St. Paul campus, so it is centrally located within CRWD.

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Table 1. Sites Monitored in 2011. Site Name Como 7 Como Park Regional Pond East Kittsondale Phalen Creek Sarita St. Anthony Park Trout Brook - East Branch Trout Brook - West Branch Trout Brook Outlet Villa Park Como Outlet McCarrons Outlet Arlington-Jackson Sims-Agate Westminster-Mississippi Willow Reserve Villa Park Overflow Highland Park St. Paul Fire Station Trout Brook - East Branch CRWD Office Villa Park Westminster-Mississippi

Description Storm Sewer Storm Sewer Storm Sewer Storm Sewer Storm Sewer Storm Sewer Storm Sewer Storm Sewer Storm Sewer Wetland Lake Outlet Lake Outlet Storm Pond Storm Pond Storm Pond Storm Pond Wetland Precipitation Precipitation Precipitation Precipitation Precipitation Precipitation

Type Full Water Quality Full Water Quality Full Water Quality Full Water Quality Full Water Quality Full Water Quality Full Water Quality Full Water Quality Full Water Quality Full Water Quality Continuous Level Continuous Flow Continuous Level Continuous Level Continuous Level Continuous Level Continuous Level Automatic Gauge Automatic Gauge Automatic Gauge Manual Gauge Manual Gauge Manual Gauge

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 11

Table 2.

Analysis Method, Reporting Limit, and Holding Times for Water Chemistry Parameters Analyzed by MCES Laboratory for 2011.

Parameter Ortho-Phosphate Chloride Cadmium Chromium Copper Lead Nickel Zinc Ammonia Total Kjeldahl Nitogen Total Phosphorus Nitrate Nitrite Total Dissolved Solids Total Suspended Solids Volatile Suspended Solids Hardness Fluoride Potassium Sulfate Surfactants Escherichia coli Biochemical Oxygen Demand

Abbreviation Ortho-P Cl Cd Cr Cu Pb Ni Zn NH3 TKN TP NO2 NO3 TDS TSS VSS Hardness Fl K SO4 Surfactants E. coli cBOD

MCES Method ORTHO_P_1 CHLORIDE_AA_1 MET-MSV MET-MSV MET-MSV MET-MSV MET-MSV MET-MSV NH3N-AV NUT-AV NUT-AV N_N-AV N_N-AV TDS-180 TSSVSS-GF TSSVSS-GF HARD-HL FL-ICV K-MSV SO4-ICV MBAS ECOLI-MPNT BOD5C

Reference Method SM 4500-P E SM 4500-Cl E EPA 200.8 EPA 200.8 EPA 200.8 EPA 200.8 EPA 200.8 EPA 200.8 EPA 350.1 EPA 351.2 EPA 365.4 SM 4500-NO3- H-00 Online Edition SM 4500-NO3- H-00 Online Edition SM 2540 C SM 2540D SM 2540 E SM 2340 C EPA 300.0 EPA 200.8 Rev 5.4 EPA 300.0 SM 5540 C Coliert-18 Quanti-Tray/2000 method SM 5210B-01

Reporting Limit Units 0.01 mg/L 2.00 mg/L 0.50 µg/L 0.16 µg/L 0.60 µg/L 0.50 µg/L 0.60 µg/L 1.60 µg/L 0.06 mg/L 0.10 mg/L 0.05 mg/L 0.05 mg/L 0.03 mg/L 10.00 mg/L 1.00 mg/L 1.00 mg/L 5.00 mg/L 0.15 mg/L 1.00 mg/L 0.50 mg/L 0.10 mg/L 1.00 MPN/100 mL 1.00 mg/L

Holding Time 48 hours 28 days 6 months 6 months 6 months 6 months 6 months 6 months 28 days 28 days 28 days 28 days 28 days 7 days 7 days 7 days 14 days 28 days 180 days 28 days 48 hours 6 hours 48 hours

EPA: Environmental Protection Agency MCES: Metropolitan Council Environmental Services SM: Standard Methods

Monitoring Data Quality Assurance Seven of the full water quality sites (St. Anthony Park, East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, Trout Brook – East Branch, Trout Brook – West Branch, and Trout Brook Outlet) were monitored from January through December in 2011. All other full water quality, flow logger, level logger, and precipitation monitoring sites were generally operational from April through November in 2011. On average, the full water quality sites collected data for 305 days in 2011. CRWD achieved a monitoring efficiency of 98% at the full water quality sites in 2011, meaning that 98% of all potential data was collected during the monitoring season (Appendix C). Missing data accounted for the remaining 2% and is due to equipment failure, power failure, flooding, and vandalism. Monitoring at other sites such as continuous level sites was 100% efficient. After the 2011 monitoring season was completed, flow data was quality checked and “cleaned” by removing bad data points (points with missing data or negative values) and interpolating their values between good data points. If there were extended periods of missing data in which there were no storm events, the level and remaining good velocity data were graphed and a regression line was calculated. The equation for the regression line was used to determine velocity for those periods of missing data. If this was not possible or there were storm events during this time, the data was left as missing. Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 12

The 2011 water quality sample data reported by the MCES lab was also rigorously checked for quality. The reported sample times and dates were compared with field notes as well as the lab chain of custody forms. Also, any abnormally high or low sample values were denoted and cross-checked with field notes to ensure the parameter value was commensurate with the conditions of the day in which the sample was taken. Total Discharge and Pollutant Load Calculations For all full water quality monitoring sites, total discharge, TP, and TSS loads were calculated from stage, flow, and water quality data. Discharge and pollutant loads were calculated for each base, storm, snowmelt, and illicit discharge event at every site as well as total discharge and loads for the entire monitoring season (less the extreme outlier values). The majority of the monitoring season totals do not reflect total annual discharges and loads because additional flow and pollutant loading does occur during unmonitored months. At some locations, monitoring equipment cannot be operated during the winter months because equipment failure or damage can occur from freezing temperatures and ice formation. Total discharge and pollutant loads for the Como 7 Subwatershed includes data from the Como 7 monitoring site as well as the outlet for the Como Park Regional Pond. Outflow from the pond discharges into the storm sewer just downstream of the Como 7 monitoring site. Analysis of the combined Como 7 and Como Park Regional Pond Outlet site data was done in accordance with all other full water quality monitoring sites. Total discharge and pollutant loads for Villa Park also includes any discharge flowing through an emergency overflow near the outlet of the wetland system.

Total Flow and Pollutant Load Calculations Total discharge for each event was calculated using Isco Flowlink速 (Version 5.1) software. To begin calculating discharge, the time interval was initially determined for each event. Next, discharge for every 10 minute time interval across the event was summed to produce a single total discharge for that particular event. Total TP and TSS loads were calculated for each interval using the following equation: Pollutant Load (lbs) = (Interval Q) * (Pollutant EMC (mg/L)) * 28.316 (L/cf) * 1 (lb) / 453,592 (mg) Where Q = discharge (cf) EMC = Event Mean Concentration (mg/L) Total discharge and pollutant load subtotals were calculated for each event type (i.e. base, storm, snowmelt, and illicit discharge) for the entire monitoring season. Event discharge and TP and TSS loads for each event type were summed to produce total discharge and pollutant loads for the entire monitoring season.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 13

Flow Weighted Average (FWA) Concentration Calculations TP and TSS event concentrations were used to calculate TP and TSS loads for the corresponding sampled event interval. For those event intervals in which samples were not collected, an average concentration for TP or TSS was applied (less the extreme outlier values). The average concentration is the average of all samples collected, unless otherwise noted in the lab tables for each monitoring site, for a given event type (i.e. base, storm, snowmelt, or illicit discharge) for the entire monitoring season. Flow weighted averages (FWA) for TP and TSS were also calculated for each flow type for the entire monitoring season (i.e. storm flow-weighted average TP/TSS concentration) as well as for all interval types for the entire monitoring season (total flow weighted average). FWA concentrations take into account the differences between base and stormflow, as pollutant concentrations tend to be higher during storm events. However, storm events generally account for less of the total discharge. FWA concentrations for TP and TSS for each flow type were calculated using the following equation: Flow Type (Base, Storm, Illicit Discharge) FWA TP or TSS (mg/L) = (Interval TP or TSS Load (lbs) * 453,592 (mg/lb)) / (Interval Discharge (cf) * 28.32 (L/cf)) Total FWAs for TP and TSS for the entire monitoring season were calculated using the following equation: FWA TP or TSS (mg/L) = (Total TP or TSS Load (lbs) * 453,592 (mg/lb)) / (Total Discharge (cf) */ 28.32 (L/cf))

Pollutant Yield and Normalized Pollutant Yield Calculations To make useful and valid comparisons of stormwater monitoring data between 2011 full water quality data and previous monitoring years, the data was normalized to eliminate the influence of subwatershed size and annual precipitation. Annual yields for total discharge and total TP and TSS loads for each full water quality monitoring site were calculated. This allows for site-by-site comparisons of the monitoring data by removing the influence of drainage area. Water yields were calculated using the following equation: Water Yield (cf/ac) = Total Discharge (cf) / Subwatershed Area (ac) Pollutant yields for TP and TSS were calculated using the following equation: TP or TSS Yield (lbs/ac) = Total TP or TSS Load (lbs) / Subwatershed Area (ac) The total TP and TSS load data was also normalized to account for temporal and spatial differences in precipitation. By removing the influence of year-to-year variation in precipitation, trends of pollutants loads are more easily recognizable. Normalized pollutant yields were calculated in two steps. First,

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 14

total runoff (in inches) was calculated for each full water quality monitoring site. The amount of runoff was calculated using the following equation: Runoff (in) = (Water Yield (cf/ac) / (1 ac / 43,560 ftÂ˛)) * (12 in / 1 ft) Next the normalized TP and TSS yield was calculated. Normalized TP and TSS yields were calculated using the following equation: Normalized TP or TSS Yield (lbs/ac/in) = (Total TP or TSS Load (lbs) / Subwatershed Area (ac)) / Runoff (in)

Federal and State Surface Water Quality Standards Comparison There are no federal or state water quality standards for stormwater. The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have established surface water quality standards for only certain water quality parameters. Regardless, since CRWDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s stormwater flows into the Mississippi River, it is useful to compare the stormwater data to surface water quality standards, which serve as a benchmark to consider for each pollutant (Table 3). TP and TSS Standards Because the MPCA has not established stream standards for TSS and TP, the data was compared to the average TP and TSS values in minimally impacted streams in the North Central Hardwoods Forest (NCHF) ecoregion (McCollor and Heiskary, 1993). The standards used are listed in Table 3. When comparing CRWD TP and TSS concentrations to water quality standards, FWA concentrations were used. Chronic Metals Standards State water quality standards for chronic exposure to metals, are based on a function of hardness as outlined in Minnesota Rule 7050.0222 for Class 2B waters. Class 2B waters are waters used for the purpose of aquatic life and recreation that are not protected for drinking water. These standards are set at the lowest concentration of a chemical for which chronic exposure will cause harm to aquatic organisms. In order to make comparisons between CRWD metals data to state standards and other reference locations, calculation of the state standards was completed. Bacteria Standard For E. coli bacteria, the following standard applies: no less than five samples taken during one of those months shall exceed a geometric mean of 126 cfu/100mL; no more than ten percent of all samples taken during one of those calendar months shall exceed 1,260 cfu/100mL. The E. coli bacteria standard only applies during the months of April through November. Because CRWD collects a limited number of samples each month (one or two samples) and typically cannot meet the full monitoring requirements of the E. coli standard, CRWD compares individual E. coli Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 15

monitoring results to the maximum value of the standard, 1,260 cfu/100mL. This comparison provides a benchmark only for comparing CRWD bacteria data and does not imply whether or not the full bacteria standard is being met. The MCES lab measures E. coli as the most probable number per 100 milliliters of water (mpn/100mL). Research shows that mpn/100mL is comparable to cfu/100mL (Massa et al., 2001).

Table 3. Surface Water Quality Standards. Water Body Use/Exposure

Parameter Agency Cl Cd Cr Cu

Standard

Units

230

mg/L

0.13

Surface aquatic life & recreation /chronic

MPCA, 2011

Surface aquatic life & recreation /chronic

MPCA, 2011

Surface aquatic life & recreation /chronic

MPCA, 2011 MPCA, 2011

NH3

MPCA, 2011

Surface aquatic life & recreation /chronic c d Surface aquatic life & recreation /chronic

MPCA, 2010

Surface aquatic life & recreation /chronic

MPCA, 1993

TSS

MPCA, 1993

MPCA, 2010

1,260 MPN/100 mL g 0.04 mg/L

Stream

aquatic life & recreation /chronic

Stream

aquatic life & recreation /chronic

mg/L

Surface aquatic life & recreation /chronic

MPCA, 2010 a

Surface aquatic life & recreation /chronic

MPCA, 2011

E. coli

Surface aquatic life & recreation /chronic

mg/L

a. MPCA document authored by McCollor and Heiskary (1993). b. NCHF ecoregion averages from minimally impacted streams (McCollor and Heiskary, 1993). c. Applies to Class 2B waters. d. Concentrations apply to chronic exposure. e. T he standard is a dependent on water hardness; See T able 41, in Appendix B for the calculated standards. f. Maximum value standard. g. T he standard

Mississippi River Reference Site and Twin Cities Metro-Area Tributaries Comparisons In addition to comparing CRWD results to state surface water quality standards, CRWD total TP and TSS FWA concentrations were compared to the average TP and TSS concentrations of the Mississippi River at Lambertâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Landing (Figure 2). MCES monitors the Mississippi River at Lambertâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Landing, river mile 839.1, which is downstream from the Wabasha Street Bridge in St. Paul. MCES also monitors the mouths of several tributaries, including: Bassett Creek, Battle Creek, Fish Creek and Minnehaha Creeks. These are all open channels that discharge to the Mississippi River. Total TP and TSS yields for CRWD subwatershed outlet sites (East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, St. Anthony Park, and Trout Brook Outlet) were compared to the yields of these other metro-area tributaries to determine the relative impacts to the Mississippi River. CRWD yields are conservative estimates Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 16

since monitoring is not always conducted for the full year at each site; whereas, MCES monitors the creek outlets for the entire year.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 17

National Urban Stormwater Quality Comparisons Researchers from the University of Alabama and the Center for Watershed Protection have created an extensive database of stormwater data from urbanized areas by assembling and evaluating stormwater monitoring data from a representative number of National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) municipal separate storm sewer system (MS4) Phase I stormwater permit holders. The goals of the National Stormwater Quality Database (NSQD) are to describe the characteristics of national stormwater quality, to provide guidance for future sampling needs, and to enhance local stormwater management activities in areas having limited data. Over nearly a ten-year period, stormwater quality data from 3,765 storm events and 65 municipalities in 17 states including Minnesota were assembled and entered into the first version of the NSQD (Center for Watershed Protection, Maestre, and Pitt, 2005). The NSQD, Version 1.1 was extensively reviewed for quality assurance and control, and statistical analyses were performed to characterize and understand the pollutant data. Although the NSQD, Version 1.1 includes only a small set of data from the Midwest and northeast portions of the country, which have similar climatic conditions, it still provides a useful comparison of how clean or polluted stormwater in CRWD is compared to the rest of the country. The database includes stormwater quality data for various land use types including commercial, freeway, industrial, open space, residential, and several categories of mixed uses. Forty two percent of the land in CRWD is comprised of impervious surfaces with the predominant land uses of mixed residential, commercial, and industrial. CRWDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s stormwater quality data was compared to the NSQDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mixed residential land use category, which has a median impervious percentage of 45%. The table below presents the NSQD median data values for the mixed residential land use category. Table 4. NSQD Stormwater Median Values.

Parameter Area (acres) % Impervious Precipitation Depth (in.) Escherichia coli (mpn/100mL) Total Suspended Solids (mg/L) Total Phosphorous (mg/L) Ammonia (mg/L) Nitrate+Nitrite (mg/L) Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (mg/L) Cadmium (mg/L) Chromium (mg/L) Copper (mg/L) Lead (mg/L) Nickel (mg/L) Zinc (mg/L)

Median Value 150.8 44.9 0.53 1,050 66 0.28 0.39 0.57 1.40 0.0009 0.0070 0.0160 0.0160 0.0078 0.0950

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 18

3c Climatological Summary CRWD utilizes climatological data collected by the Minnesota Climatology Research Group (University of Minnesota- St. Paul) and by the National Weather Service (NWS) to assist with calculating annual precipitation, annual runoff, and annual loading. The Minnesota Climatology Research Group records precipitation every fifteen minutes from an automatic rain gauge located on the University of Minnesota-St. Paul Campus (UMN). This rain gauge is located approximately two miles west of the CRWD office. The data is reported on a public website (http://climate.umn.edu/). The 15-minute precipitation data was used to calculate hourly precipitation totals, monthly precipitation totals, and annual precipitation totals. Table 5 lists the annual precipitation totals for 2005 through 2011. Additionally, CRWD obtains daily precipitation totals from by a NWS weather station located at the Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport. Data was retrieved weekly from a public website (http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/index.php?wfo=mpx). This weather station is located approximately ten miles south of the CRWD office. The 2005 to 2011 climate data was compared to the NWS 30-year normal values (Table 5). In previous reports, the NWS 30-year normal precipitation value (1971-2000) was 29.41 inches. Due to higher than normal precipitation in recent years, the NWS 30-year normal precipitation value for 1981-2010 was increased to 30.61 inches in 2011. Table 5 lists the annual precipitation departures from the 30-year normal values for the Minneapolis-St. Paul region. Figure 3 graphically compares the 30-year normal precipitation value to annual precipitation totals recorded by UMN for 2005 to 2011. The total precipitation amount for 2011 was 33.62 inches. The majority of the precipitation occurred during the spring and summer months of 2011 with July being the wettest month. There was an extended dry period starting in late August 2011 through December 2011. While the fall was exceptionally dry with few precipitation events, the total -annual precipitation was still greater than the NWS 30-year normal for 1981-2010 by 3.01 inches. Figure 4 shows a graph of monthly precipitation totals in 2011.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 19

Table 5. The 2005 to 2011 annual precipitation totals as compared to the NWS 30-year normal. Precipitation Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 NWS 30‐Year Normal (1981‐2010) a

(inches) 35.98 31.69 29.72 21.67 23.34 36.32 33.62

Departure from NWS Normal (+) 5.37" (+) 1.08" (‐) 0.89" (‐) 8.94" (‐) 7.27" (+) 5.71" (+) 3.01"

30.61

Annual precipitation reported by the Minnesota Climatology Research Group (UMN)

40 35 30.61

Precipitation (inches)

30 25 20 36.32

35.98 31.69

33.62

29.72 21.67

23.34

5 0 2005

2006

2007

Precipitation (inches)

2008

2009

2010

2011

NWS 30‐Year Normal (1981‐2010)

Figure 3. Annual precipitation totals (2005-2011) as compared to the NWS 30-year normal.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 20

11 10 9

Precipitation (inches)

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUNE

JULY

AUG

SEPT

OCT

2011 Monthly Precipitation Totals

Figure 4. Monthly precipitation totals for 2011 in CRWD.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 21

NOV

DEC

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 22

3d Summary of Results The 2011 precipitation total measured in Capitol Region Watershed District was above-average in 2011, based on 30-year normal averages (NWS, 2012). The months of July and August had the most rain where January and November were the driest of months in 2011 (Figure 4). Total measured rainfall amounts were similar among all of the sites and were higher for sites monitored throughout the year (Table 6). In general, CRWD stormwater monitoring sites had greater flow (Figure 5) and less total phosphorus (TP) and total suspended solids (TSS) loads (Figures 8 and 9) than most other years. This can be attributed to a year-long period at many sites and lower average concentrations. The highest total TP and TSS loads were generated from the Trout Brook Outlet and Trout Brook – West Branch subwatersheds with Phalen Creek and East Kittsondale having the second and third highest pollutant loads (Table 8). Trout Brook-West Branch generated the highest TP yield (lbs/ac), and had the second highest TSS yield behind the Phalen Creek subwatershed. Of the four major subwatershed outlet sites, the normalized pollutant yields (lbs/ac/in runoff) for both TP and TSS were highest at East Kittsondale. Compared to the Mississippi River at Lamberts Landing, CRWD sites were generally more concentrated in pollutants (Table 9). CRWD sites also exceeded several water quality standards for other nutrients and metals during both dry and wet weather (Table 10). Compared to other metro-area tributaries, CRWD sites generally produced more pollutants per acre (Figures 18 and 19). Bacteria concentrations exceeded the maximum standard at all sites during stormflow (Table 12). Water Quantity Trout Brook Outlet and Trout Brook - West Branch subwatersheds once again exported the greatest volumes of water during the 2011 monitoring season with 533 million and 329 million cubic feet (cf), respectively (Figure 5; Table 8). The minor subwatershed sites (Como 7, Sarita, and Villa Park) exported the least amount of water because their drainage areas are only a portion of the major subwatershed in which they reside (Table 8). For the East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, Saint Anthony Park, Trout Brook – East Branch, Trout Brook-West Branch, and Trout Brook Outlet, baseflow accounted for more than 50% of the total discharge (Figure 6). Stormflow comprised a majority of total discharge from the Como 7, Sarita, and Villa Park subwatersheds (Figure 6). Total water yield was highest at Trout Brook – West Branch (138,163 cf/ac) (Figure 7). Although the total discharge at Trout Brook Outlet was higher than that of Trout Brook - West Branch and Phalen Creek, its water yield was the third highest (Figure 7). The lowest yields were generated from the Sarita and Villa Park, which are among the smallest subwatersheds that have relatively smaller total areas of impervious surfaces.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 23

Table 6. CRWD Monitoring Season Rainfall Amounts. Rainfall (inches)

Site

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

East Kittsondale

29.05

24.67

24.25

18.89

20.95

35.61

33.62

Phalen Creek

29.28

24.13

13.96

17.73

20.34

36.32

33.62

St. Anthony Park

28.27

24.13

23.99

9.95

18.72

26.84

29.24

23.87

23.92

17.91

20.63

36.27

33.43

Trout Brook-East Branch Trout Brook-West Branch

28.78

24.67

24.25

18.99

20.63

36.32

33.62

Trout Brook Outlet

29.28

24.67

24.23

15.54

20.95

36.32

24.53

Como 7

28.96

24.16

17.40

18.82

30.92

28.90

Sarita

18.19

23.19

17.64

18.72

30.62

28.90

Villa Park

24.66

24.16

19.45

19.11

31.32

28.90

Table 7. CRWD Total Monitoring Days. Monitoring Days

Site

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

East Kittsondale

200

210

225

218

277

365

Phalen Creek

197

194

134

210

262

365

St. Anthony Park

191

192

215

126

218

230

269

191

217

212

273

365

349

Trout Brook-East Branch Trout Brook-West Branch

191

212

228

220

273

365

Trout Brook Outlet

198

211

226

198

277

365

344

Como 7

195

222

209

217

209

205

Sarita

159

227

203

213

205

203

Villa Park

204

228

223

220

212

211

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 24

600,000,000

2005 2006 2007 500,000,000

2008 2009 2010 2011

Discharge (cf)

400,000,000

300,000,000

200,000,000

100,000,000

0 East Kittsondale

Phalen Creek

St. Anthony Park

Trout BrookEast Branch

Trout BrookWest Branch

Trout Brook Outlet

Site

Figure 5. Total Discharge at CRWD Monitoring Sites, 2005 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2011. Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 25

Como 7

Sarita

Villa Park

600,000,000 Snowmelt Illicit Discharge Storm

500,000,000

Base

Total Discharge (cf)

400,000,000

300,000,000

200,000,000

100,000,000

0 East Kittsondale

Phalen Creek

St. Anthony Park

Trout Brook- Trout BrookEast Branch West Branch

Trout Brook Outlet

Site

Figure 6. Storm and Base Discharge at CRWD Monitoring Sites, 2011. Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 26

Como 7

Sarita

Villa Park

2005

140,000

2006 2007 2008

120,000

2009 2010 2011

Water Yield (cf/ac)

100,000

80,000

60,000

40,000

20,000

0 East Kittsondale

Phalen Creek

St. Anthony Park

Trout BrookEast Branch

Trout BrookWest Branch

Trout Brook Outlet

Site

Figure 7. Total Water Yield at CRWD Monitoring Sites, 2005-2011. Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 27

Como 7

Sarita

Villa Park

Total Suspended Solids, Total Phosphorus, and Nutrients Table 8 presents the complete water quality data set for all CRWD monitoring sites. The sites with the highest flow-weighted average (FWA) TSS concentrations in 2011 were East Kittsondale (122 mg/L) and Trout Brook – West Branch (76 mg/L) (Figure 8). The lowest flow-weighted average TSS concentrations in 2011 were measured at Phalen Creek (28 mg/L) and Villa Park (30 mg/L). Since 2005, the flow-weighted average TSS concentrations for all sites exceeded the NCHF ecoregion average TSS concentration (Figure 8). In 2011, East Kittsondale, St. Anthony Park, Trout Brook – West Branch, and Sarita had higher the flow-weighted average concentrations than the Mississippi River at Lamberts Landing (Figure 8). The site with the highest flow-weighted average concentration of TP was Como 7 (0.218 mg/L) (Figure 7). However, the site had relatively low total flow, so the total load was actually low compared to other sites (Figure 9). Trout Brook – East Branch and Trout Brook – West Branch had the next highest flowweighted average concentrations of TP, both with 0.201 mg/L (Table 8). The sites with the lowest flowweighted average TP concentrations were Phalen Creek and St. Anthony Park (0.131). Since 2005, CRWD major subwatershed sites have been more highly concentrated in TP than the Mississippi River at Lamberts Landing. In 2011, 2 of the 4 major subwatershed outlet sites, Phalen Creek and St. Anthony Park, had lower FWA TP concentrations than the Mississippi River at Lambert’s Landing. These concentrations also fell below the NCHF ecoregion average for TP in minimally impacted streams. Regardless of whether or not the majority of flow occurred during stormflow, most of the TSS loading occurred during storms (Figure 10). Baseflow includes groundwater, lake and storm pond water, and permitted industrial discharges, which generally have lower TSS. In addition, since velocity, turbulence, and total flows are lower during baseflow, water does not have as much ability to carry solids. Stormwater washes off streets, parking lots, and other impervious surfaces, and contains more TSS. During high flows, sediment is less likely to settle before reaching storm drains. Most of the TP loading in the subwatershed also occurred during storms, although the percentage resulting from stormflow is smaller than for TSS (Figure 11). TP loading generally increases with TSS loading because nutrients adhere to suspended solids, plant debris and soil particles. However, TP also exists in soluble form, which is not attached to particles. Across CRWD, the greatest TSS yield (654 lbs/ac) in 2011 occurred in the Trout Brook – West Branch subwatershed (Figure 12). East Kittsondale and Trout Brook Outlet had the next highest TSS yields, 520 lbs/ac and 295 lbs/ac, respectively. The lowest yields, 31 to 66 lbs/acre, occurred at three sites within a major subwatershed and with the smallest areas, Sarita, Villa Park, and Como 7. Pollutant yields were normalized for the amount of stormwater runoff and expressed as lbs/ac/in runoff. In 2011, the normalized TSS yields were highest at East Kittsondale (28 lb/ac/in runoff), St. Anthony Park (17 lb/ac/in runoff), and Trout Brook – West Branch (17 lb/ac/in runoff) (Figure 13). Normalized TSS yields were generally lower than their historical average. Villa Park had the lowest average TSS concentration of any site in 2011 (21mg/L). The lowest normalized TSS yields of 6 lbs/ac/in runoff was exported from the Phalen Creek subwatershed. Normalized TSS yield (lb/ac/in runoff) for Trout Brook – West Branch was higher than Trout Brook Outlet, indicating that the West Branch of Trout Brook subwatershed was generating more pollutants on a per acre and per inch of runoff basis, which has been the trend historically (Figure 13). Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 28

In 2011, the subwatersheds that generated the lowest TP load per acre were Como 7 (0.256 lbs/ac) and Sarita (0.087 lbs/ac). The highest yields were generated in the Trout Brook – West Branch (1.730 lb/ac) and Phalen Creek (1.029 lbs/ac) subwatersheds (Figure 15). Although East Kittsondale produced the highest normalized TSS yield in 2011, its normalized TP yield (0.041 lbs/ac/in runoff), was moderate when compared to other sites. Sites with smaller drainage areas have comparable normalized yields to the larger subwatershed sites because their flow-weighted average concentrations were higher and were dominated greatly by stormflow. Compared to the yields of four other metro-area tributaries, three of four CRWD’s major subwatershed outlet sites, East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek and Trout Brook , produced more TP per acre (Figure 19). The Saint Anthony Park subwatershed discharged less TP than the metro-area tributaries except Minnehaha Creek. While the values for the four major subwatershed sites generally exceeded that of the metro-area tributaries, the TSS per acre yields for Phalen Creek and St. Anthony Park fell below that of Battle Creek. It should be noted that entire CRWD is urbanized, with water flowing in pipes, whereas many of the other tributaries’ watersheds are partly undeveloped and water flows in natural channels. Storm sewers operate differently than natural streams. When water velocity decreases, sediments settle out of the water column. In natural streams, this occurs when the stream meanders, flows through a vegetated area, gets wider, or reaches a relatively flat stretch. Storm sewers are designed to maintain velocity in the pipe; pipes have a set diameter, do not meander, and can change elevation quickly. In natural streams, nutrients are taken up by vegetation and algae, but there is no vegetation in storm sewers. As a result, most of the sediment and nutrients washed into storm sewers remain in the water column until the pipe reaches a body of water. Sediments and nutrients from streets and sidewalks are washed directly into the storm sewer and carried to the river. Average concentrations from East Kittsondale exceeded Lambert’s Landing concentrations and ecoregion averages or agency standards for TP, TSS, lead, and chloride. (Table 9). Average concentrations from Phalen Creek exceeded Lambert’s Landing concentrations and ecoregion averages or agency standards for TP and lead. Average concentrations from St. Anthony Park exceeded Lambert’s Landing concentrations and ecoregion averages or agency standards for TP and TSS. Average concentrations from Trout Brook Outlet did not exceed both the Lambert’s Landing concentrations and ecoregion averages or agency standards for any parameter. Ammonia, nitrite, copper, lead, nickel, zinc, and chloride concentrations at all four major subwatershed outlets exceeded just the concentrations at Lambert’s Landing.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 29

Table 8. 2011 Monitoring Results Summary.

Subwatershed Area (acres)

East St. Anthony Trout Brook- Trout Brook- Trout Brook Kittsondale Phalen Creek Park East Branch West Branch Outlet 1,116 3,418 1,433 932 2,379 5,028

Total Rainfall (inches)

Como 7 793

Sarita 929

Villa Park 753

33.62

29.24

33.43

33.62

24.53

28.90

365

269

349

365

344

205

203

211

Number of Storm Sampling Events

Number of Storm Intervals

Number of Monitoring Days

Number of Snowmelt Sampling Events

Number of Snowmelt Intervals

18 35

19 33

14 23

Number of Base Sampling Events Number of Baseflow Intervals

18 34

21 43

19 28

0 0

13 19

Total Discharge (Cubic Feet)

76,282,660

179,835,227

115,056,718

43,363,061

328,689,637

533,045,947

14,918,644

6,490,307

15,879,438

Storm Flow Subtotal (Cubic Feet)

36,668,961

38,703,641

26,484,149

19,264,104

135,021,212

126,247,447

14,746,403

6,490,307

12,382,914 0

Illicit Discharge Subtotal (Cubic Feet)

172,241

Snowmelt Subtotal

9,361,953

2,405,051

15,136,168

69,637,200

39,613,699

131,769,633

88,572,569

21,693,906

178,532,258

337,161,300

3,496,524

Water Yield (cf/ac)

68,354

125,496

33,662

46,527

138,163

106,016

18,813

6,986

21,088

Storm Water Yield (cf/ac)

32,857

27,009

25,914

20,670

56,755

25,109

18,813

6,986

16,445

Snowmelt Water Yield (cf/ac) Baseflow Water Yield (cf/ac)

0 35,496

6,533 91,954

0 7,748

2,581 23,277

6,362 75,045

13,850 67,057

0 0

0 4,643

Baseflow Subtotal (Cubic Feet)

Average TSS Concentration (mg/L)

117

165

Total FWA TSS (mg/L)

122

Storm FWA TSS (mg/L)

243

214

154

129

Base FWA TSS (mg/L)

Total TSS Load (lbs)

580,026

316,563

524,922

124,707

1,555,358

1,484,552

51,943

28,530

29,837

Storm TSS Load (lbs)

27,241

555,801

221,169

353,893

94,989

1,298,980

1,013,270

51,921

28,530

Snowmelt TSS Load (lbs)

30,974

8,365

68,730

187,628

Baseflow TSS Load (lbs)

24,225

64,419

171,030

21,353

187,648

283,654

2,596

520 28

221 6

154 17

134 10

654 17

295 10

66 13

31 16

40 7

Total TSS Yield (lb/ac) Normalized Total TSS Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) Average TP Concentration (mg/L)

0.166

0.161

0.190

0.196

0.201

0.151

0.303

0.173

0.205

Total FWA TP (mg/L)

0.186

0.131

0.201

0.145

0.218

0.200

0.197

Storm FWA TP (mg/L)

0.316

0.276

0.261

0.314

0.341

0.300

0.220

0.200

0.187

Illicit Discharge FWA TP (mg/L)

0.000

0.053

Base FWA TP (mg/L)

0.066

0.079

0.093

0.101

0.088

0.072

0.232

Total TP Load (lbs)

886

1,474

944

544

4,116

4,831

203.4

195

Storm TP Load (lbs)

724

667

431

378

2,878

2,366

202.8

145

Snowmelt TP Load (lbs) Base TP Load (lbs) Total TP Yield (lb/ac) Normalized Total TP Yield (lb/ac/in runoff)

157

255

959

0.6

162

650

513

136

983

1,505

0.766 0.041

1.029 0.030

0.276 0.030

0.584 0.046

1.730 0.045

0.961 0.033

0.256 0.049

0.087 0.045

0.259 0.045

NA= Not available, these sites were not monitored or sampled for Illicit Discharges a.

Como 7 values represent total amounts exported from the subwatershed, and include combined data from the Como 7 and Golf Course Pond monitoring sites.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 30

NCHFa

Flow-Weighted TSS Concentration (mg/L)

300

Lamberts

Monitoring Year Landingb

2005 2006 2007 2008

250

2009 2010 2011

200

150

100

0 East Kittsondale

Phalen Creek

St. Anthony Park

Trout BrookEast Branch

Trout BrookWest Branch

Trout Brook Outlet

Como 7

Site a. Average TSS concentration in minimally impacted streams in the North Central Hardwoods Forest ecoregion (McCollor & Heiskary, 1993). b. Average TSS concentration at Lamberts Landing, 2010 (source: Metropolitan Council).

Figure 8. Flow-Weighted Average TSS Concentrations at CRWD Monitoring Sites, 2005-2011. Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 31

Sarita

Villa Park

0.55

NCHFa

Flow-Weighted TP Concentration (mg/L)

0.50

Monitoring Year

Lamberts Landingb

2005 2006 2007

0.45

2008 2009

0.40

2010

0.35

2011

0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 East Kittsondale

Phalen Creek

St. Anthony Park

Trout BrookEast Branch

Trout BrookWest Branch

Trout Brook Outlet

Como 7

Site a. Average TP concentration in minimally impacted streams in the North Central Hardwoods Forest ecoregion (McCollor & Heiskary, 1993). b. Average TP concentration at Lamberts Landing, 2010 (source: Metropolitan Council).

Figure 9. Flow-Weighted Average TP Concentrations at CRWD Monitoring Sites, 2005-2011. Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 32

Sarita

Villa Park

1,600,000 Snowmelt Storm Base

TSS Load (lbs)

1,200,000

800,000

400,000

0 East Kittsondale

Phalen Creek

St. Anthony Park

Trout BrookEast Branch

Trout BrookWest Branch

Trout Brook Outlet

Site

Figure 10. Storm and Base TSS Loads at CRWD Monitoring Sites, 2011. Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 33

Como 7

Sarita

Villa Park

6,000 Snowmelt Storm Base

5,000

TP Load (lbs)

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

0 East Kittsondale

Phalen Creek

St. Anthony Park

Trout BrookEast Branch

Trout BrookWest Branch

Trout Brook Outlet

Como 7

Site

Figure 11. Storm and Base TP Loads at CRWD Monitoring Sites, 2011. Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 34

Sarita

Villa Park

700

Historical (2005-2010)

2011

600

TSS Yield (lb/ac)

500

400

300

200

100

0 East Kittsondale

Phalen Creek

St. Anthony Park

Trout BrookEast Branch

Trout BrookWest Branch

Trout Brook Outlet

Como 7

Site

Figure 12. TSS Yields at CRWD Monitoring Sites. Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 35

Sarita

Villa Park

Historical (2005-2010)

2011

TSS Yield (lb/ac/in runoff)

0 East Kittsondale

Phalen Creek

St. Anthony Park

Trout BrookEast Branch

Trout BrookWest Branch

Trout Brook Outlet

Como 7

Site

Figure 13. Normalized TSS Yields at CRWD Monitoring Sites. Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 36

Sarita

Villa Park

Figure 14. Normalized TSS Yields Across CRWD Monitored Subwatersheds.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 37

1.80 Historical (2005-2010)

2011

1.60

TP Yield (lb/ac)

1.40

1.20

1.00

0.80

0.60

0.40

0.20

0.00 East Kittsondale

Phalen Creek

St. Anthony Park

Trout BrookEast Branch

Trout BrookWest Branch

Trout Brook Outlet

Como 7

Site

Figure 15. TP Yields at CRWD Monitoring Sites. Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 38

Sarita

Villa Park

0.08 Historical (2005-2010)

2011

TP Yield (lb/ac/in runoff)

0.07

0.06

0.05

0.04

0.03

0.02

0.01

0.00 East Kittsondale

Phalen Creek

St. Anthony Park

Trout BrookEast Branch

Trout BrookWest Branch

Trout Brook Outlet

Como 7

Site

Figure 16. Normalized TP Yields at CRWD Monitoring Sites. Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 39

Sarita

Villa Park

Figure 17. Normalized TP Yields Across CRWD Monitored Subwatersheds.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 40

900

East Kittsondale Phalen Creek St. Anthony Park Trout Brook Outlet

800

700

TSS Yield (lbs/ac)

600

500

400

300

200

100

0 Basset

Battle

Fish

Creek Note: Non-CRWD data were collected in 2010 (MCES, 2012).

Figure 18. TSS Yields at Metro-Area Tributaries and CRWD Subwatershed Outlets. Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 41

Minnehaha

1.8 East Kittsondale Phalen Creek St. Anthony Park Trout Brook Outlet

1.6

1.4

TP Yield (lb/ac)

1.2

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0 Basset

Battle

Fish

Creek

Note: Non-CRWD data were collected in 2010 (MCES, 2012)

Figure 19. TP Yields at Metro-Area Tributaries and CRWD Subwatershed Outlets. Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 42

Minnehaha

Table 9. Pollutant Standards and Average Concentrations at CRWD Monitoring Sites and in the Mississippi River. Agency Standards for Pollutants and their Average Concentrations at Monitoring Sites and in the Mississippi River.

TSS

Ammonia

TKN

Nitrate Nitrite

Standard (mg/L)

Metropolitan Council Site Lamberts Landing

East Kittsondale

Phalen Creek

0.13

0.16

0.17

0.16

0.19

0.15

117

0.04

0.05

0.11

0.22

0.17

0.23

1.24

1.20

1.40

3.14

1.41

1.74

0.85

0.82

0.04

0.06

0.05

0.0005

0.0003

0.0004

0.0003

0.0050

0.0052

0.0046

0.0043

0.0034

0.0022

0.0145

0.0095

0.0093

0.0061

0.0009

0.0150

0.0073

0.0060

0.0051

0.0045

0.0049

0.0056

0.0103

0.0050

0.0716

0.0502

0.0480

0.0281

328

148

150

174

Cadmium

Chromium d

Copper Lead

d d

Nickel Zinc

Chloride

230

2011 CRWD Monitoring Sites St. Anthony Trout Brook Park Outlet

T here are no numeric standards for T P and T SS. T hese values are NCHF ecoregion averages from minimally

impacted streams. b

Chloride standards are from the MPCA.

T here is no nitrate, nitrite, or T KN standard for surface water.

Metals standards are based on measured hardness values. See appendices for metals standards.

Ammonia standard is based on un-ionized ammonia, which varies and is dependent on temperature and pH

All numbers are in mg/L. Numbers highlighted in yellow exceed/equal Lambert's Landing concentrations, but not the standard. Numbers highlighted in red exceed/equal Lambert's Landing concentrations and the standard.

Metals The MPCA standards for metals toxicity are a function of water hardness. CRWD calculated metal standards for cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc based on measured hardness levels for each site (Appendix B). Average concentrations of metals were calculated for base flow, storm flow, and total yearly flow and compared to the MPCA standards and Lambertâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Landing concentrations (Tables 9 and 10).

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 43

According to the MPCA standards, the average storm concentrations of lead at all sites (except Villa Park) exceeded toxicity standards in 2011 (Table 10). The 2011 yearly average concentrations for lead exceeded toxicity standards at East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, Trout Brook-West Branch, Como 7 and Sarita (Table 10). Yearly concentrations of lead also exceeded the Mississippi River concentrations at Lambert’s Landing for East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, St. Anthony Park, and Trout Brook Outlet (Table 9). The average storm concentrations of copper at all sites (except Trout Brook Outlet and Villa Park) exceeded toxicity standards in 2011. However, the 2011 yearly average concentrations of copper only exceeded the toxicity standard at Como 7 and Sarita (Table 10). Yearly concentrations of copper also exceeded the Mississippi River concentrations at Lambert’s Landing for East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, St. Anthony Park, and Trout Brook Outlet (Table 9). In addition, average storm concentrations of zinc exceeded the chronic toxicity standard at East Kittsondale, St. Anthony Park, and Como 7 in 2011. The 2011 yearly average concentration of zinc was only exceeded at Como 7 (Table 10). Yearly concentrations of zinc exceeded the Mississippi River concentrations at Lambert’s Landing for East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, St. Anthony Park, and Trout Brook Outlet (Table 9). For all sites, average concentrations of cadmium, chromium, and nickel for all flow types (base, storm, and yearly) did not exceed the MPCA toxicity standards in 2011 (Table 10). However, yearly concentrations of nickel exceeded the Mississippi River concentrations at Lambert’s Landing for East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, St. Anthony Park, and Trout Brook Outlet (Table 9). Also, chromium concentrations at East Kittsondale were greater than those reported at Lambert’s Landing (Table 9), but did not exceed the state standard. Chloride Chloride was sampled for at all monitoring sites in 2011. Average chloride concentrations were calculated and compared to the MPCA standards and Lambert’s Landing concentrations (Tables 9). Yearly concentrations of chloride exceeded the Mississippi River concentrations at Lambert’s Landing for East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, St. Anthony Park, and Trout Brook Outlet (Table 9). In addition, yearly chloride concentrations at East Kittsondale exceeded the MPCA toxicity standard (Table 9). In general, all CRWD sites had higher chloride concentrations during spring snowmelt, due to winter road salt application. Bacteria Most individual E. coli bacteria concentrations at the monitoring sites during baseflow were below the E. coli maximum standard of 1,260 cfu/100mL (Table 11). Phalen Creek did not have any baseflow samples that exceeded the standard. All other monitoring sites had one to four samples with bacteria concentrations higher than the maximum standard. Most samples at every site exceeded the maximum standard for bacteria during storm events in 2011 (Table 12). Only 15 samples out of a total of 39 samples at the nine monitoring sites were less than the maximum standard for E. coli bacteria. E. coli concentrations ranged from 307 mpn/100mL to 40,400 mpn/100mL. Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 44

Table 10. 2011 Metals Concentrations and exceedances at CRWD Monitoring Sites and in the Mississippi River (mg/L).

Parameter

Average Base Illicit Discharge Cadmium Storm Yearly Base Illicit Discharge Chromium Storm Yearly Base Illicit Discharge Copper Storm Yearly Base Illicit Discharge Lead Storm Yearly Base Illicit Discharge Nickel Storm Yearly Base Illicit Discharge Zinc Storm Yearly

Lambert's East Landing Kittsondale 0.0003

Phalen Creek 0.0003

0.0002

0.0003 0.0003 0.0021

0.0002 0.0004 0.0024

0.0019

0.0096 0.0052 0.0044

0.0076 0.0046 0.0038

0.0026

0.0293 0.0145 0.0023

0.0165 0.0095 0.0013

0.0011

0.0335 0.0150 0.0044

0.0219 0.0073 0.0036

0.0039

0.0055 0.0049 0.0182

0.0038 0.0056 0.0208

0.1497 0.0716

0.0821 0.0502

0.0096

St. Anthony Park 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0027 0.0028 0.0084 0.0043 0.0048 0.0063 0.0210 0.0093 0.0011 0.0024 0.0199 0.0060 0.0100 0.0096 0.0101 0.0103 0.0158 0.0336 0.1207 0.0480

Trout Brook East Branch 0.0003

Trout Brook West Branch 0.0004

Trout Brook Outlet 0.0003

0.0002 0.0004 0.0023

0.0002 0.0004 0.0022

0.0052 0.0041 0.0033

Como 7

Sarita

Villa Park 0.0002

0.0002 0.0003 0.0020

0.0004 0.0004

0.0002 0.0002

0.0002 0.0003 0.0010

0.0051 0.0043 0.0035

0.0044 0.0034 0.0033

0.0182 0.0161

0.0027 0.0025

0.0007 0.0015 0.0015

0.0125 0.0073 0.0022

0.0132 0.0082 0.0022

0.0109 0.0061 0.0014

0.0256 0.0230

0.0068 0.0064

0.0019 0.0022 0.0013

0.0083 0.0042 0.0050

0.0131 0.0069 0.0043

0.0125 0.0051 0.0040

0.0330 0.0273

0.0081 0.0074

0.0013 0.0014 0.0023

0.0031 0.0060 0.0170

0.0037 0.0058 0.0142

0.0030 0.0050 0.0111

0.0116 0.0116

0.0024 0.0023

0.0011 0.0030 0.0115

0.0570 0.0352

0.0646 0.0396

0.0567 0.0281

0.1688 0.1482

0.0405 0.0392

0.0167 0.0144

CRWD site concentrations are from 2011; river concentrations are from 2001-2010. Red-highlighted cells are sites which exceeded the MPCA chronic standard for surface waters. See appendices for metals standards. NA: Not available, these sites were not monitored or sampled for Illicit Discharges

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 45

Table 11. 2011 Baseflow Grab E. coli Concentrations at CRWD Monitoring Sites (mpn/100mL). Site Sample Date 1/5/2011 1/7/2011 2/11/2011 3/7/2011 5/2/2011 5/17/2011 6/6/2011 6/30/2011 7/13/2011 8/4/2011 8/18/2011 9/6/2011 9/22/2011 9/23/2011 10/4/2011 10/5/2011 10/20/2011 10/31/2011 11/22/2011 12/6/2011

East Kittsondale 26 NS 51 7 579 1,120 199 249 285 73 186 121 308 NS 816 NS 52 120 22,600 24

Phalen Creek 5 NS 3 185 6 7 26 42 99 148 64 16 NS 16 36 NS 308 20 1,000 2

St. Anthony Trout Brook- Trout Brook- Trout Brook Park East Branch West Branch Outlet 35 22 99 NS NS NS NS NS 77 36 649 308 77 166 214 156 12 9 96 86 48 31 79 70 NS 1,300 1,733 980 77 1,120 199 184 55 411 1,414 NS 121 172 214 127 404 326 517 NS 17,500 68 387 461 12,200 199 2,420 NS NS NS NS 461 86 NS 866 NS NS 56 NS NS 142 115 687 NS 50 6 308 148 131 1,300 2,420 2,000 64 24 579 276

Villa Park NS 115 NS 108 53 34 118 613 579 649 1,553 365 4,100 NS 524 NS 461 461 921 20

NS: No sample collected Value exceeds MPCA maximum numeric standard (1,260 cfu/100mL).

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 46

Table 12. 2011 Stormflow Grab E. coli Concentrations at CRWD Monitoring Sites (mpn/100mL). Site Sample Date

East Kittsondale

Phalen Creek

3/22/2011 4/26/2011 5/9/2011 6/15/2011 7/14/2011 7/15/2011 12/14/2011

NS 461 816 4,100 NS 12,200 NS

3,100 1,986 1,000 8,400 22,800 40,400 NS

St. Anthony Trout Brook- Trout Brook- Trout Brook Park East Branch West Branch Outlet 687 614 1,468 5,200 NS NS 1,203

1,120 1,300 1,046 2,420 10,900 NS NS

956 1,203 1,203 2,420 21,800 NS NS

NS 1,414 1,553 4,100 1,300 NS NS

Como 7

Sarita

Villa Park

1,414 1,986 NS 6,300 NS NS NS

NS 307 NS 5,200 NS NS NS

1,414 1,120 1,203 1,733 NS 411 NS

NS: No sample collected Value exceeds MPCA maximum numeric standard (1,260 cfu/100mL).

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 47

Summary Comparison of CRWD Stormwater Data and NSQD Data Compared to other urbanized areas in the country, CRWD’s stormwater water quality in 2011 had higher median concentrations for several pollutants including bacteria, TSS, TKN, TP, and metals. Table 13 compares stormwater pollutant median concentrations from CRWD and NSQD. All sites except for St. Anthony Park, Sarita, and Villa Park were higher than the NSQD median concentration of 1,050 mpn/100mL for E. coli. Median stormflow TSS concentrations at six of the nine sites were higher than then NSQD median concentration of 66 mg/L. Trout Brook – East Branch, Sarita and Villa Park, had TSS median concentrations lower than the NSQD median concentration. East Kittsondale and Phalen Creek had higher median concentrations of total phosphorus than the NSQD median concentration of 0.28 mg/L. TP median concentrations in CRWD ranged from 0.152 mg/L to 0.322 mg/L. All sites were below the NSQD median concentrations for ammonia. Median total Kjeldahl nitrogen concentrations at East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, Trout Brook – East Branch, Trout Brook – West Branch, Trout Brook Outlet and Como 7 were greater than the NSQD median concentration. The comparisons between median concentrations for numerous metals in CRWD and the NSQD were varied. All sites with the exception of St. Anthony Park had median nickel concentrations that were lower than the NSQD median concentration. All sites with the exception of Trout Brook – West Branch had median cadmium concentrations that were lower than the NSQD median concentration. Three out of the four major subwatershed sites, East Kittsondale, Phalen, and St. Anthony Park, exceeded the NSQD median concentrations for chromium, copper, and zinc. Two out of the four major subwatershed sites, East Kittsondale, and Phalen Creek exceeded the NSQD median concentrations for lead.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 48

Table 13. CRWD 2011 Stormwater Median Water Quality Data versus NSQD Median Data.

Parameters Area (acre) % Impervious Escherichia coli (mpn/100mL) Total Suspended Solids (mg/L) Total Phosphorous (mg/L) Ammonia (mg/L) Nitrate+Nitrite (mg/L) Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (mg/L) Cadmium (mg/L) Chromium (mg/L) Copper (mg/L) Lead (mg/L) Nickel (mg/L) Zinc (mg/L)

NSQD East Mixed Kittsondale Residential 151 45 1,050 66 0.280 0.39 0.57 1.40 0.0009 0.0070 0.0160 0.0160 0.0078 0.0950

1,116 46 2,458 229 0.315 0.19 0.38 1.90 0.0002 0.0092 0.0240 0.0304 0.0051 0.1380

Phalen Creek

St. Anthony Park

1,433 50 1,986 76 0.322 0.36 0.79 1.80 0.0002 0.0090 0.0190 0.0180 0.0050 0.0980

3,418 48 742 133 0.249 0.21 0.60 1.25 0.0003 0.0088 0.0161 0.0127 0.0094 0.1045

Trout Brook East Branch 932

Trout Brook West Branch 2,379

1,083 56 0.270 0.26 0.49 1.50 0.0002 0.0060 0.0120 0.0060 0.0030 0.0600

1,203 106 0.260 0.21 0.40 2.10 0.0020 0.0052 0.0116 0.0107 0.0042 0.0630

Trout Brook Outlet 5,028 37 1,300 89 0.247 0.17 0.60 2.00 0.0002 0.0050 0.0100 0.0090 0.0030 0.0530

Numbers highlighted in red exceed the NSQD value.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 49

Como 7

Sarita

Villa Park

793

929

753

1,700 80 0.276 0.23 0.26 1.60 0.0002 0.0037 0.0078 0.0077 0.0026 0.0556

548 49 0.152 0.25 0.29 0.80 0.0002 0.0027 0.0063 0.0073 0.0024 0.0408

850 13 0.179 0.28 0.18 1.10 0.0002 0.0006 0.0017 0.0008 0.0013 0.0148

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 50

Como Lake Subwatershed The Como Lake subwatershed is located directly east of the St. Anthony Park subwatershed, and includes the cities of St. Paul, Roseville, and Falcon Heights (Figure 20). Como 7 is one of eight minor subwatersheds within the Como Lake subwatershed, and is located west of Como Lake. North of Como 7 is Como 8 subwatershed, which drains to Gottfried’s Pit, a stormwater detention pond. When the water level in Gottfried’s Pit reaches a specific level, a lift station pumps the water via storm sewer to the Como Park Regional Pond before being discharged to Como Lake. CRWD monitors the Como 7 subwatershed to determine the aggregated or combined improvements to water quality based on the BMPs constructed as part of the Arlington-Pascal Stormwater Improvement Project. Started in 2005, the project included four stormwater BMP types: 1) eight infiltration trenches, 2) eight raingardens, 3) an underground infiltration and storage facility (Arlington-Hamline Underground Storage Facility) and 4) a stormwater pond at the Como Golf Course. These BMPs treat and infiltrate stormwater runoff, which minimizes localized flooding and reduces stormwater volumes in the storm sewer system. Three of the four BMPs, the Arlington-Hamline Underground Stormwater Storage Facility, eight in-street infiltration trenches and eight neighborhood raingardens, became operational in 2006 and 2007. The last BMP of the project, a storage and retention pond on the Como Park Golf Course (Como Park Regional Pond) became operational in October 2007. To characterize total discharge from the Como 7 subwatershed, CRWD collected and combined monitoring data from two sites: 1) at a storm sewer on the west side of the Como Park Regional Pond and east of Chelsea Avenue (Como 7) and 2) at the outlet of the Como Park Regional Pond (18). The Como 7 site was monitored in 2005 to collect pre-construction data, but not monitored in 2006 due the construction of the BMPs. Monitoring resumed in 2007 to collect post-construction data. Monitoring of the Como Park Regional Pond commenced in 2008. Both the inlet and outlet of the pond are monitored, however, for this monitoring report, only the outlet data was needed for calculating total discharge and pollutant loads from the Como 7 subwatershed. The inlet and outlet data of the stormwater pond are presented in the BMP Performance and Cost Benefit Analysis (CRWD, 2011). The Como 7 site and Como Park Regional Pond sites will continue to be monitored to determine the effectiveness of the entire project at reducing flow and nutrient, and sediment loading. Flow into the Como 7 site from the north is regulated by a diversion structure at the corner of Chelsea Street and Arlington Avenue which diverts water for treatment to the Golf Course Pond under most flow conditions before discharging to Como Lake. High flows coming into the diversion structure may overtop a high flow weir and be routed to the 60-inch storm sewer that runs through Como 7 before draining to Como Lake. Como 7 Subwatershed Results In 2011, the Como 7 subwatershed produced 14,918,644 cf of runoff, of which 99% was due to stormflow while the remaining 1% resulted from non-storm discharges (Table 14). These non-storm discharges were first documented at the Como 7 monitoring site in 2008, the first year of monitoring after all BMPs were operational. In 2011, CRWD quantified discharges at this site. The results of these non-storm discharges are reflected in the corresponding tables and are labeled “illicit discharge.” The total discharge recorded from the Como 7 subwatershed was higher than other monitoring years, but Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 51

lower than in 2010. The greater than average volume can be attributed to a much greater number of storms and Gottfried’s Pit pumping events. In 2011, the total TP flow-weighted average concentration from the Como 7 subwatershed was 0.218 mg/L, similar to the previous two monitoring years. Total TP load at Como 7 in 2011 was 203 lbs, above average when compared to previous monitoring seasons. Similar to water yield, the TP yield (lb/ac) was among the lowest in CRWD. When normalized for drainage area and amount of runoff, Como 7 yielded about 89% of normalized TP yields recorded in previous years (Figure 16). Total TSS load at the Como 7 subwatershed in 2011 was 51,943 lbs with ninety-nine percent of the total loading occurring during storms. The total TSS load in 2011 was the second highest annual load recorded at this monitoring site. Like other monitoring years, TSS yield (lb/ac) in 2011 was one of the lowest in CRWD. When normalized for drainage area and amount of runoff, Como 7 yielded lower than historical TSS values, and was the third lowest since 2005. At the Como 7 subwatershed, the flow-weighted average concentrations of TP and TSS in 2011were 0.218 mg/L and 56 mg/L, respectively. These values exceed the average concentrations for minimally impacted streams in the NCHF ecoregion. The flow-weighted average TSS concentration was less than that of the Mississippi River at Lambert’s Landing. The flow-weighted average TSS concentration was greater than that of the Mississippi River at Lambert’s Landing. Storm and yearly metals concentrations exceeded aquatic life and recreation chronic exposure standards (based on average hardness at each site) for, copper, lead, and zinc at the Como 7 site in 2011 (Table 10). Average cadmium, chromium, and nickel concentrations at the Como 7 site did not exceed the chronic exposure toxicity. All three storm samples in 2011 exceeded the maximum standard for E. coli (Table 12). Como Lake Results Discharge was also measured at the outlet of Como Lake (Figure 2), the location where the entire Como Lake subwatershed flows into the Trout Brook Storm Sewer Interceptor. The outlet structure is regulated by an 8-ft weir that controls lake discharge into the storm sewer system. Data indicated that Como Lake discharged 16,628,800 cf of water in 2011. Lake water quality is monitored by RCPW each summer/fall. The 2011 results are presented in Chapter 4.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 52

Figure 20. Sampling Sites in the Como Lake Subwatershed. Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 53

Table 14. 2005-2011 Como 7 Subwatershed Monitoring Results.

Subwatershed Area (ac) Total Rainfall (inches) Number of Monitoring Days Number of Storm Sampling Events Number of Storm Intervals Illicit Discharge Sampling Events Number of Illicit Discharge Intervals Total Discharge (cf) Storm Flow Subtotal (cf) Illicit Discharge Flow Subtotal (cf) Average TSS Concentration (mg/L) Total FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) Storm FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) Illicit Discharge FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) Total TSS Loading (lbs) Storm TSS Loading (lbs) Illicit Discharge TSS Loading (lbs) Total TSS Yield (lb/ac) Normalized Total TSS Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) Average TP Concentration (mg/L) Total FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) Storm FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) Illicit Discharge FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) Total TP Loading (lbs) Storm TP Loading (lbs) Illicit Discharge TP Loading (lbs) Total TP Yield (lb/ac) Normalized Total TP Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) Note: Como 7 was not monitored in 2006. NA: Not available

2005

2007

2008

2009

793 28.96 195 15 22 3 36 6,830,745 2,855,384 NA 219 134 29 134 57,123 49,982 7,142 72 30 0.297 0.290 0.310 0.270 123 56 67 0.150 0.065

793 24.16 222 22 40 3 41 6,999,688 2,541,171 NA 154 93 162 54 40,727 25,697 15,030 51 21 0.330 0.240 0.300 0.210 104 47 57 0.130 0.054

793 17.40 204 15 34 4 1 5,228,923 4,961,542 267,381 233 65 66 46 21,247 20,479 768 27 15 0.426 0.283 0.266 0.595 92 82 10 0.116 0.064

793 18.82 217 33 50 12 150 8,050,350 7,767,386 282,963 133 46 47 21 23,198 22,833 364 29 10 0.363 0.206 0.205 0.225 103 99 4 0.130 0.046

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 54

2010 793 30.92 206 23 55 3 92 15,626,233 15,242,041 384,191 118 35 33 88 33,902 31,780 2,122 43 8 0.277 0.209 0.210 0.188 204 200 5 0.257 0.047

2011 793 28.90 205 6 37 0 43 14,918,644 14,746,403 172,241 165 56 56 2 51,943 51,921 21 66 13 0.303 0.218 0.220 0.053 203.4 202.8 0.6 0.256 0.049

East Kittsondale Subwatershed The East Kittsondale subwatershed is located in the southern portion of CRWD and drains 1,116 acres of St. Paul (Figure 21), the smallest of the four major subwatersheds monitored by CRWD. The subwatershed empties into the Mississippi River, downstream of the confluence of the Minnesota and Mississippi Rivers. There are no surface water bodies in the subwatershed. Land use in the subwatershed is largely residential, with 46% impervious surface cover (CRWD, 2000). CRWD operates a full water quality monitoring station in the East Kittsondale subwatershed. It is not located at the true outlet to the river. Because of the depth of the storm sewer beneath the ground surface, it is not possible to monitor any further downstream of the station’s current location. In 2011, 76,282,660 cf of water discharged from the East Kittsondale subwatershed with a majority of flow occurring as baseflow (Table 15). This is unexpected from this subwatershed due to the rather small amount of baseflow. However, this may be due to an extremely dry fall and monitoring through winter when baseflow is dominant. East Kittsondale was monitored for a full year in 2011. The 2011 total flow monitored reflects these additional days of monitoring. East Kittsondale exported 580,026 lbs of TSS and 886 lbs of TP during in the 2011 monitoring season, of which 96% and 82% was attributable to stormflow, respectively. These loads are relatively low when compared to other major subwatershed sites, but remain among the highest when compared to the size of its drainage area. East Kittsondale exported 520 lbs of TSS per acre and 0.794 lbs of TP per acre. These represent the second highest and fourth highest TSS and TP loads of all monitoring sites. TSS and TP yields (lbs/ac) continue to be higher than most other metro area tributaries (Figures 18 and 19). When normalizing for both drainage area and amount of runoff, the East Kittsondale TSS and TP yields (lb/ac/in runoff) are the highest for all sites in 2011. East Kittsondale’s TSS and TP flow-weighted average concentrations decreased in 2011 (Table 15). However, these concentrations still exceeded NCHF ecoregion averages and average concentrations at Lambert’s Landing. The site also exceeded the Lambert’s Landing concentrations for ammonia, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, zinc, and chloride. Like most CRWD monitoring sites, the East Kittsondale yearly average concentrations for lead exceeded agency standards, but met the other metals standards (Table 10). East Kittsondale chloride concentrations during baseflow conditions consistently exceeded the chloride standard with 17 out of 18 samples having concentrations greater than 230 mg/L. In previous years, CRWD conducted extensive monitoring of East Kittsondale to better understand the extent and magnitude of the bacteria issues and identify the potential source(s) of the bacteria, which included collection of more bacteria samples and other IDDE parameters to distinguish between discharge types. In May 2010, the illicit connection was eliminated and water quality in East Kittsondale improved during dry weather. This was further evidenced by the 2011 bacteria data, where only one sample out of 16 baseflow samples exceeded the state standard. Two of 5 samples exceeded the standard during wet weather.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 55

Figure 21. Sampling Sites in the East Kittsondale Subwatershed.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 56

Table 15. 2005-2011 East Kittsondale Monitoring Results. 2005

2006

2007

Subwatershed Area (ac) 1,116 1,116 1,116 Total Rainfall (inches) 29.28 24.13 13.96 Number of Monitoring Days 200 210 225 Number of Storm Sampling Events 18 15 25 Number of Storm Intervals 23 26 43 Number of Illicit Discharge Sampling Events NA NA NA Number of Illicit Discharge Intervals NA NA NA Number of Base Sampling Events 1 8 11 Number of Baseflow Intervals 41 21 42 Total Discharge (cf) 27,816,625 39,689,928 58,852,320 Storm Flow Subtotal (cf) 21,125,831 25,397,422 45,045,199 Illicit Discharge Subtotal (cf) NA NA NA Baseflow Subtotal (cf) 6,690,794 14,292,506 13,806,121 Average TSS Concentration (mg/L) 133 171 279 Total FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) 132 173 316 Storm FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) 133 266 403 Illicit Discharge FWA TSS (mg/L) NA NA NA Base FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) 4 6 32 Total TSS Loading (lbs) 230,190 427,494 1,161,807 Storm TSS Loading (lbs) 228,519 421,821 1,134,452 Illicit Discharge TSS Load (lbs) NA NA NA Base TSS Loading (lbs) 1,671 5,673 27,354 Total TSS Yield (lb/ac) 206 383 1,038 Normalized Total TSS Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) 30 39 71 Average TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.307 0.370 0.350 Total FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.230 0.380 0.350 Storm FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.280 0.540 0.440 Illicit Discharge FWA TP (mg/L) NA NA NA Base FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) 0.060 0.080 0.080 Total TP Loading (lbs) 398 931 1,302 Storm TP Loading (lbs) 373 861 1,236 Illicit Discharge TP Load (lbs) NA NA NA Base TP Loading (lbs) 25 70 66 Total TP Yield (lb/ac) 0.357 0.834 1.167 Normalized Total TP Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) 0.052 0.085 0.080 NA: Not available. Illicit discharge events were not monitored or sampled until 2009.

2008 1,116 18.89 217 12 37 NA NA 11 38 35,342,806 24,635,756 NA 10,707,050 169 214 291 NA 36 471,176 447,229 NA 23,877 422 48 0.392 0.480 0.584 NA 0.240 1,058 898 NA 161 0.948 0.109

2009 1,116 20.95 277 25 58 8 41 25 82 44,095,386 30,705,350 4,211,844 9,178,141 100 112 141 98 20 308,358 271,189 25,722 11,360 276 25 0.289 0.291 0.345 0.184 0.158 801 662 49 90 0.718 0.066

2010 1,116 35.61 325 19 54 NA NA 20 58 66,983,674 50,937,930 NA 16,045,744 106 185 241 NA 7 773,129 766,063 NA 7,066 693 42 0.254 0.341 0.431 NA 0.056 1,425 1,369 NA 56 1.277 0.077

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011Monitoring Report 57

2011 1,116 33.62 365 13 34 0 0 18 34 76,282,660 36,668,961 0 39,613,699 117 122 243 0 10 580,026 555,801 0 24,225 520 28 0.166 0.186 0.316 0.000 0.066 886 724 0 162 0.794 0.041

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011Monitoring Report 58

Phalen Creek Subwatershed Phalen Creek subwatershed is the eastern-most subwatershed in CRWD (Figure 1). Located entirely within the city limits of St. Paul, Phalen Creek drains 1,433 acres and outlets to the Mississippi River (Figure 22). CRWD monitors the Phalen Creek storm sewer near its outlet to the Mississippi River at the Bruce Vento Nature Sanctuary. Land use in the Phalen Creek subwatershed is a mix of industrial, commercial, and residential with approximately 50% impervious surfaces (CRWD, 2000). During the 2011 monitoring period, Phalen Creek exported 179,835,227 cf of water, 316,563 lbs of TSS, and 1,474 lbs of TP (Table 16). Phalen Creek was monitored for a full year in 2011. The Phalen Creek site received a total of 33.62 inches of precipitation throughout the 2011 monitoring season. While the measured precipitation was less than in 2010, the calculated discharge was comparable. The TSS load was the lowest annual load ever recorded at the site. The TP load was also significantly less than was recorded in 2010, but was comparable to the average since 2005. Due to the wet conditions during spring and summer of 2011 as well as fall 2010, the Mississippi River experienced high water levels through much of 2011, which back-flowed into the Phalen Creek storm sewer and monitoring station. Although TSS and TP are still exported during this time, the high water levels at the Phalen Creek site acted as a settling location for particles, which subsequently yields a lower overall pollutant load. Flow-weighted average concentrations of TSS and TP were 28 mg/L and 0.131 mg/L, respectively (Table 16). The 2011 flow weighted TSS and TP concentrations were both significantly lower than the 2005-2010 historical monitoring averages of 111 mg/L TSS and 0.188 mg/L TP. Also, these concentrations were both lower than the concentration at Lambert’s Landing (Figures 8 and 9). The flow-weighted TP average concentration also dropped below the NCHF ecoregion concentration (Figure 9). The total calculated TSS and TP yields in pounds per acre were normalized for runoff to remove the influence of annual precipitation and drainage area (Table 16). The 2011 normalized TSS yield for Phalen Creek was 6 lb/ac/in runoff, which is significantly lower than the 2005-2010 historical average of 25 lb/ac/in runoff. The normalized TP yield in 2011 was 0.030 lb/ac/in runoff, which is also significantly less than the historical average value of 0.042 lb/ac/in runoff. In 2011, the Phalen Creek yearly average concentrations exceeded MPCA agency standards and Lambert’s Landing concentrations for TP and lead (Table 9). All other metals, except Cadmium and Chromium, were found to exceed Lambert’s Landing concentrations (Table 9). Chloride also exceeded the Lambert’s Landing concentrations (Table 9). The yearly and storm average concentrations of lead exceeded MPCA agency standards and Lambert’s Landing concentrations (Table 10). Copper concentrations exceeded the chronic toxicity standard only during storms (Table 10). During baseflow conditions, Phalen Creek samples did not exceed the state maximum E.coli standard of 1,260 cfu/100mL (Table 11). Six E. coli samples were collected at Phalen Creek during storm events in 2011 (Table 12). Similar to previous years, almost every stormwater sample collected in 2011 exceeded the state standard for bacteria with a maximum measured value of 40,400 mpn/100mL (over 32 times the state standard). Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 59

Figure 22. Sampling Sites in the Phalen Creek Subwatershed.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 60

Table 16. 2005-2011 Phalen Creek Monitoring Results.

Subwatershed Area (ac) Total Rainfall (inches) Number of Monitoring Days Number of Storm Sampling Events Number of Storm Intervals Number of Snowmelt Sampling Events Number of Snowmelt Intervals Number of Baseflow Sampling Events Number of Baseflow Intervals Total Discharge (cf) Storm Flow Subtotal (cf) Snowmelt Flow Subtotal (cf) Baseflow Subtotal (cf) Average TSS Concentration (mg/L) Total FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) Storm FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) Snowmelt FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) Base FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) Total TSS Loading (lbs) Storm TSS Loading (lbs) Snowmelt TSS Loading (lbs) Base TSS Loading (lbs) Total TSS Yield (lb/ac) Normalized Total TSS Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) Average TP Concentration (mg/L) Total FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) Storm FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) Snowmelt FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) Base FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) Total TP Loading (lbs) Storm TP Loading (lbs) Snowmelt TP Loading (lbs) Base TP Loading (lbs) Total TP Yield (lb/ac) Normalized Total TP Yield (lb/ac/in runoff)

2005 1,433 29.28 197 15 23

2006 1,433 24.13 194 7 15

2007 1,433 13.96 134 16 22

2008 1,433 17.73 210 17 38

2009 1,433 20.34 262 18 33

2010 1,433 36.32 362 22 55

4 35 88,688,082 28,075,754

9 18 74,856,833 14,451,216

7 19 64,631,475 25,260,005

14 16 14 38 32 54 97,607,350 106,837,331 173,450,665 29,007,153 30,113,506 50,698,610

60,612,328 289 185 535

60,405,617 183 115 454

39,371,470 103 105 164

68,600,197 169 70 207

23 1,022,726 937,202

34 538,550 409,501

3 422,175 415,784

11 423,925 375,408

3 535,477 520,356

5 1,209,635 1,167,829

85,524 714 42 0.392 0.220 0.570

129,049 376 26 0.290 0.200 0.570

6,391 295 24 0.200 0.170 0.340

48,517 296 16 0.392 0.169 0.440

15,121 374 18 0.297 0.173 0.480

41,806 844 25 0.353 0.194 0.539

0.070 1242 993

0.200 914 518

0.060 674 536

0.055 1,033 796

0.053 1,157 902

0.052 2,104 1,706

249 0.867 0.051

396 0.638 0.044

138 0.470 0.038

237 0.721 0.038

255 0.807 0.040

398 1.468 0.044

76,723,824 122,752,055 136 204 80 112 277 369

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 61

2011 1,433 33.62 365 6 29 6 8 21 43 179,835,227 38,703,641 9,361,953 131,769,633 34 28 92 53 8 316,563 221,169 30,974 64,419 221 6 0.161 0.131 0.276 0.269 0.079 1,474 667 157 650 1.029 0.030

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 62

St. Anthony Park Subwatershed The St. Anthony Park subwatershed has a drainage area of 3,418 acres and is the western-most subwatershed monitored by CRWD (Figure 23). CRWD monitors the storm sewer outlet of the St. Anthony Park subwatershed where it directly flows into the Mississippi River at Desnoyer Park in St. Paul. The subwatershed is primarily comprised of industrial and residential land uses with 48% impervious surface land coverage. CRWD also monitors a 929 acre upland subwatershed of St. Anthony Park called Sarita. The Sarita subwatershed is monitored in a storm sewer at the outlet of the Sarita Wetland near Como Avenue (Figure 23). The Sarita subwatershed has substantially different land use than any other CRWD subwatershed because it encompasses the Minnesota State Fair Grounds and the University of Minnesota St. Paul Campus where open space dominates. The predominant land use within the Sarita subwatershed is institutional with 16% impervious surface coverage. Sarita Subwatershed Total discharge from the Sarita subwatershed in 2011 was 6,490,307 cubic feet (cf), all of which was measured to be storm flow (Table 18). The Sarita outlet was monitored for 203 days in 2011 equaling a total of 2 days less than 2010; however, there was a 28% increase in total measured discharge due to a wet winter and spring coupled with intense summer rain events. The Sarita subwatershed received a total of 28.90 inches of precipitation throughout the 2011 monitoring season. In comparison, 30.62 inches of precipitation were recorded in 2010. Like previous monitoring years, Sarita had the lowest total water yield of all the full water quality monitoring sites even in comparison to those sites with similar drainage area. This could potentially be attributed to the lesser total area with impervious surfaces covering the Sarita subwatershed as well as the recent implementation of several large scale BMP projects in the upland. In 2011, the Sarita subwatershed exported 81 lbs of total phosphorous (TP) and 28,530 lbs of total suspended solids (TSS). This is the third highest recorded amount of TSS exported from Sarita since monitoring commenced in 2006 (Table 18). The total flow-weighted average (FWA) concentrations of TP and TSS were 0.200 mg/L and 70 mg/L respectively. In comparison to other sites in CRWD, Sarita generated the lowest total TP yields than any other subwatershed in 2011 (Table 8). However, both TP and TSS total FWA concentrations at Sarita exceeded the Northern Central Hardwood Forest (NCHF) ecoregion averages as well as the Lambertâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Landing reference site average concentrations. For further analysis, the total calculated TSS and TP yields in pounds per acre were normalized by runoff to remove the influence of annual precipitation trends and for site to site comparison. This calculation allows for more accurate conclusions to be drawn between the entire five years of monitoring record. The 2011 normalized TSS yield for Sarita was 16 lb/ac/in runoff. In comparison to other monitored sites in CRWD, Sarita exported the third highest normalized TSS value in 2011. For TP, the 2011 normalized yield was found to be 0.045 lb/ac/in runoff, a slight decrease from the 2010 value of 0.055 lb/ac/in runoff.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 63

The average concentrations of both copper (0.0064 mg/L) and lead (0.0074 mg/L) at Sarita exceeded MPCA toxicity standards in 2011 (Table 10). The average annual concentration of zinc was found to exceed the Lambert’s Landing average concentration, but did not exceed the MPCA agency standards. Two Escherichia coli (E. coli) grab samples were taken during storm events at Sarita in 2011. One out of two of those samples exceeded the maximum state agency standard for bacteria of 1,260 cfu/100mL with concentrations ranging from 307 cfu/100mL to 5,200 cfu/100mL. St. Anthony Park Subwatershed During the period of March through November 2011, the St. Anthony Park subwatershed exported 115,056,718 cf of water, 944 lbs of TP, and 524,922 lbs of TSS (Table 17). The St. Anthony Park subwatershed received a total of 29.24 inches of precipitation throughout the 2011 monitoring season. The 2011 total discharge (cf) was only slightly less than the 2010 yield, despite receiving more rainfall, but was higher than total discharge values from the dry years of 2008 and 2009. For TSS, a 42% decrease in the average TSS load (lbs) from the previous monitoring year was observed, despite an increase monitoring season length in 2011. The data shows that the majority of TSS was exported in 2011 occurred during storm events, but the majority of TP was exported during baseflow. In evaluating the 2011 total flow-weighted averages (FWA), TP and TSS concentrations were found to be 0.131 mg/L and 73 mg/L, respectively. Additionally, the FWA TSS concentration exceeded the NCHF ecoregion average as well as the average concentration observed at Lambert’s Landing. The FWA TP concentration did not exceed the NCHF ecoregion average or the average concentration at Lambert’s Landing. The total calculated TSS and TP yields in pounds per acre were normalized by runoff to remove the influence of annual precipitation trends and for site to site comparison. The 2011 normalized TSS yield for St. Anthony Park was 17 lb/ac/in runoff. In comparison to other monitored sites in CRWD, St. Anthony exported the second highest normalized TSS value in 2011, falling only behind East Kittsondale. For TP, the 2011 normalized yield was found to be 0.030 lb/ac/in runoff, which is the lowest recorded value for all 2011 CRWD monitoring sites. The 2011 yearly average concentrations of copper, lead, nickel, and zinc concentrations exceeded Lambert’s Landing concentrations, but not the MPCA agency standards. However, the St. Anthony Park average storm concentrations for copper, lead, and zinc exceeded MPCA agency standards as well as Lambert’s Landing concentrations (Table 9). Sixteen E. coli grab samples were taken at St. Anthony Park during baseflow conditions in 2011. All but two met the state maximum standard of 1,260 mpn/100mL (Table 11). Five E. coli grab samples were collected at St. Anthony Park during storm events in 2011. Only two samples exceeded the state maximum standard for bacteria ranging from 614 cfu/100mL to 5,200 cfu/100mL. CRWD staff recorded up to 10 potential illicit discharges from the St. Anthony Park subwatershed. These discharges could not be confirmed by flow data. Staff noted colorful plumes, floating debris, and foul odor during these events. While results are currently inconclusive, the discharges typically have

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 64

higher concentrations of total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, and E. coli. CRWD is working with the City of Saint Paul to determine the source and magnitude of these discharges.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 65

Figure 23. Sampling Sites in the St. Anthony Park Subwatershed. Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 66

Table 17. 2005-2011 St. Anthony Park Monitoring Results. 2005 Subwatershed Area (ac) Total Rainfall (inches) Number of Monitoring Days Number of Storm Sampling Events Number of Storm Intervals Number of Base Sampling Events Number of Baseflow Intervals Total Discharge (cf) Storm Flow Subtotal (cf) Baseflow Subtotal (cf) Average TSS Concentration (mg/L) Total FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) Storm FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) Base FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) Total TSS Loading (lbs) Storm TSS Loading (lbs) Base TSS Loading (lbs) Total TSS Yield (lb/ac) Normalized Total TSS Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) Average TP Concentration (mg/L) Total FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) Storm FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) Base FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) Total TP Loading (lbs) Storm TP Loading (lbs) Base TP Loading (lbs) Total TP Yield (lb/ac) Normalized Total TP Yield (lb/ac/in runoff)

2006

2007

3,418 3,418 3,418 28.27 24.13 23.99 191 192 215 44 21 19 9 23 33 3 7 11 28 23 32 191,591,247 145,671,734 209,782,937 65,769,117 49,091,775 60,484,181 119,056,352 96,579,959 149,298,756 124 108 145 66 62 72 146 152 205 21 16 18 787,976 564,202 941,282 599,259 465,259 774,686 153,661 98,943 166,595 231 165 275 15 14 16 0.222 0.220 0.210 0.167 0.140 0.130 0.229 0.270 0.270 0.137 0.080 0.070 1999 1,307 1,668 942 820 1,031 1022 487 636 0.585 0.380 0.488 0.038 0.033 0.029

2008 3,418 9.95 126 12 24 12 25 57,793,346 19,865,767 37,927,579 129 92 247 10 330,829 306,571 24,258 97 21 0.211 0.155 0.327 0.065 561 406 155 0.164 0.035

2009

2010

2011

3,418 3,418 3,418 18.72 26.84 29.24 218 188 269 25 17 7 38 44 17 16 9 19 24 41 28 99,163,464 117,851,525 115,056,718 41,313,601 57,480,844 26,284,149 57,849,863 60,370,681 88,572,569 138 149 89 95 123 73 176 238 214 38 13 31 589,228 904,150 524,922 453,744 853,968 353,893 135,484 50,182 171,030 172 250 154 22 28 17 0.226 0.215 0.190 0.173 0.178 0.131 0.286 0.304 0.261 0.092 0.059 0.093 1,070 1,313 944 738 1,091 431 332 222 513 0.313 0.384 0.276 0.039 0.040 0.030

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 67

Table 18. 2006-2011 Sarita Monitoring Results. 2006

Subwatershed Area (ac) Total Rainfall (inches) Number of Monitoring Days Number of Storm Sampling Events Number of Storm Intervals Total Discharge (cf) Storm Flow Subtotal (cf) Average TSS Concentration (mg/L) Total FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) Storm FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) Total TSS Loading (lbs) Storm TSS Loading (lbs) Total TSS Yield (lb/ac) Normalized Total TSS Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) Average TP Concentration (mg/L) Total FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) Storm FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) Total TP Loading (lbs) Storm TP Loading (lbs) Total TP Yield (lb/ac) Normalized Total TP Yield (lb/ac/in runoff)

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

929 929 929 929 929 929 18.19 23.19 17.64 18.72 30.62 28.90 159 227 211 213 205 203 7 17 13 13 11 6 19 33 23 18 30 28 4,722,303 5,364,747 2,501,022 2,028,779 5,052,244 6,490,307 4,722,303 5,364,747 2,484,855 2,024,843 5,052,244 6,490,307 186 79 82 48 85 53 90 99 102 44 143 70 90 99 102 44 143 70 26,516 33,176 15,862 5,553 45,191 28,530 26,516 33,176 15,780 5,541 45,191 28,530 29 36 17 6 49 31 20 22 23 10 32 16 0.360 0.260 0.270 0.212 0.234 0.173 0.340 0.292 0.287 0.203 0.246 0.200 0.340 0.290 0.288 0.203 0.246 0.200 102 98 45 26 77 81 102 98 45 26 77 81 0.110 0.105 0.049 0.028 0.083 0.087 0.078 0.066 0.066 0.047 0.055 0.045

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 68

Trout Brook Subwatershed The entire Trout Brook subwatershed is the largest subwatershed in CRWD that drains 8,000 acres in the cities of St. Paul, Maplewood, Falcon Heights and Roseville and includes the drainage areas of Como Lake in Saint Paul and Lake McCarrons in Roseville (Figure 24). It also contains Loeb Lake and five major stormwater ponds. Land use in the Trout Brook subwatershed is a mix of residential, industrial, and commercial, with 40% impervious surface. Runoff in the subwatershed drains to CRWD’s Trout Brook Storm Sewer Interceptor (TBI), which connects to the City of St. Paul’s storm sewer interceptor before eventually discharging to the Mississippi River, just downstream of Lambert’s Landing in St. Paul. TBI is six and a half miles in length with pipe sizes ranging from 6 to 13 feet in diameter. The upper section of TBI is comprised of two branches, east and west, which converge near the intersection of Maryland Avenue and I-35E in St. Paul. For monitoring and data analysis purposes, CRWD does not consider the drainage areas of Como Lake and Lake McCarrons as part of the Trout Brook subwatershed drainage area. The Trout Brook subwatershed area considered for monitoring purposes is 5,028 acres. Three sites were monitored from January through December for water quality and water quantity in the Trout Brook subwatershed: 1) the west branch of TBI (Trout Brook – West Branch), 2) the east branch of TBI (Trout Brook – East Branch), and 3) the outlet upstream of the connection to the City of Saint Paul’s storm sewer interceptor (Trout Brook Outlet). Water levels were also measured in Loeb Lake and three stormwater ponds (Arlington-Jackson, Sims-Agate, and Westminster-Mississippi). The Arlington-Arkwright was not monitored. In addition, CRWD measured precipitation at Trout Brook - East Branch and the Westminster-Mississippi Stormwater Pond monitoring sites (Figure 24). Trout Brook – West Branch Trout Brook – West Branch subwatershed drains 2,379 acres in St. Paul, Roseville, and Falcon Heights. It has the third largest drainage area of the nine monitoring sites. The Arlington-Jackson Stormwater Pond, Willow Reserve Stormwater Pond, Como Lake, Lake McCarrons, and Loeb Lake are located in this subwatershed (Figure 24). The monitoring site is located just upstream of the convergence with the east branch of the TBI, in the northwest quadrant of the intersection of Maryland Avenue and I-35E. Because of the length of the monitoring season in 2011 (January through December), Trout Brook – West Branch produced greater total loads and yields of TP and TSS than average. The site exported 328,689,637 cf of water, 1,555,358 lbs of TSS, and 4,116 lbs of TP (Table 20). Trout Brook – West Branch produced the second highest TP and highest TSS load of any site in 2011 (Table 8). Pollutant loading at this site is driven by stormflow despite the fact that 54% of the flow was comprised of baseflow. Eighty four percent of the TSS load and 70% of the TP load were exported during storm events. The normalized TP yield (0.045 lb/acre/in runoff) for Trout Brook – West Branch was slightly higher than its historical average (0.037 lb/acre/in runoff), while the normalized TSS yield (17 lb/acre/in runoff) for Trout Brook – West Branch was slightly lower than its historical average (22 lb/acre/in runoff) (Table 20). The flow-weighted average TSS concentration at Trout Brook – West Branch was 76 mg/L, the lowest flow-weighted average TSS concentration for this site since 2007 (Table 20). This TSS concentration exceeded the average concentrations for minimally impacted streams in the NCHF ecoregion and Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 69

Lambert’s Landing. The flow-weighted average TP concentration was 0.201 mg/L, a slight increase from the 2010 average (0.183 mg/L) (Table 20). Despite this increase, the TP concentration was comparable to most of the other sites in 2011 (Table 8). This TP concentration exceeded both the NCHF average and the Lambert’s Landing concentrations. Like other CRWD sites, the average stormflow concentrations for copper and lead at Trout Brook – West Branch exceeded MPCA toxicity standards (Table 10). Baseflow average concentrations for all of the metal parameters met their toxicity standards. Four of seventeen E. coli samples at Trout Brook – West Branch during baseflow exceeded the state maximum standard of 1,260 cfu/100mL (Table 11). Two of five bacteria samples exceeded the maximum standard during storm conditions with concentrations ranging from 956 mpn/100mL to 21,800 cfu/100mL (Table 12). Trout Brook – East Branch Trout Brook - East Branch drains 932 acres in St. Paul and Maplewood and includes two stormwater ponds, Westminster-Mississippi and Arlington-Arkwright. First established in 2006, this monitoring station was moved slightly downstream in 2007 from its original location to a manhole located between L’Orient Street and I-35E ramp (Figure 24). Like Trout Brook – West Branch, this site was monitored throughout the year and total recorded flow at Trout Brook – East Branch in 2011 was greater than most other monitoring years. Trout Brook – East Branch exported 43,363,061 cf of water, 124,707 lbs of TSS, and 544 lbs of TP (Table 21). These pollutant loads are still low when compared to other monitoring sites (Table 8). The 2011 flow-weighted average TSS concentration of 46 mg/L exceeded the Lambert’s Landing average concentration and the NCHF average concentration. The flow-weighted average TP concentration in 2011 of 0.201 mg/L also exceeded average concentrations of the NCHF ecoregion and Lambert’s Landing. Trout Brook – East Branch comprises 19% of the subwatershed area of the Trout Brook - Outlet and contributed 8% of the total flow. Trout Brook – East Branch contributed 11% and 8% of the total TP and TSS loads, respectively. The average stormflow concentrations for copper and lead at Trout Brook – East Branch exceeded MPCA toxicity standards (Table 10). Baseflow average concentrations for all of the metal parameters met their toxicity standards. The site also exceeded the MPCA chloride standard during baseflow conditions with an average concentration of 485 mg/L. During most baseflow events, bacteria concentrations at Trout Brook – East Branch met the state maximum standard with only two samples exceeding it (Table 11). Three of five samples taken during storm events exceeded the MPCA standard value with concentrations ranging from 1,046 mpn/100mL to 10,900 mpn/100mL (Table 12). Trout Brook Outlet Trout Brook Outlet receives water from nearly 5,028 acres of the Trout Brook subwatershed, which does not include the drainage areas of Como Lake and Lake McCarrons (Figure 24). In 2011, Trout Brook Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 70

Outlet exported 533,045,947 cf of water, and exported 1,484,552 lbs of TSS and 4,831 lbs of TP (Table 22). Due to re-construction at the site access, the Trout Brook Monitoring site missed 21 days of data in 2011, most of them in July, a month that received over 10 inches of rain. For this reason, the pollutant loads are likely an underestimate for the year. Baseflow comprised a 63% of the total discharge. The large amount of baseflow is likely a result of groundwater entering the pipe in the downstream section because of low elevations of the storm sewers, which is an occurrence seen at other higher water yield sites. In 2011, total flow-weighted average TSS and TP concentrations were 45 mg/L and 0.145 mg/L, respectively, both lower concentrations than seen in previous years (Table 22). The FWA TP and TSS concentrations exceeded the NCHF ecoregion but not the Lambertâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Landing average concentrations (Table 9). The average concentration of lead exceeded MPCA standards during storms, but not during baseflow (Table 10). Average concentrations for ammonia, TKN, nitrite, copper, lead, nickel, zinc, and chloride were higher than the Lambertâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Landing concentrations (Table 9). Only one baseflow sample exceeded the E. coli maximum standard with a concentration of 2,000 mpn/100mL (Table 11). All four samples taken during storm events exceeded the MPCA standard value with the highest concentration being 4,100 mpn/100mL (Table 12).

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 71

Trout Brook Stormwater Ponds Average water levels in three Trout Brook subwatershed stormwater ponds were consistent with previous monitoring years (Table 19). Since 2011 was a wet year, the storm ponds experienced only slightly higher than average elevations, similar to the 2010 monitoring year.

Table 19. Average Pond Elevations in Trout Brook Stormwater Ponds, 2006-2011

Arlington-Jackson

2006 118.8

2007 119.0

Elevation (feet) 2008 2009 118.8 118.8

Westminster-Mississippi Willow Reserve

107.3 149.6

107.6 150.1

107.6 149.8

Sims-Agate

83.7

83.5

Pond

2010 118.8

2011 118.8

107.6 149.7

108.1

108.1 150.2

83.4

83.6

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 72

Figure 24. Sampling Sites in the Trout Brook Subwatershed. Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 73

Table 20. 2005-2011 Trout Brook - West Branch Monitoring Results.

Subwatershed Area (ac) Total Rainfall (inches) Number of Monitoring Days Number of Storm Sampling Events Number of Storm Intervals Number of Snowmelt Sampling Events Number of Snowmelt Intervals Number of Base Sampling Events Number of Baseflow Intervals Total Discharge (cf) Storm Flow Subtotal (cf) Snowmelt Flow Subtotal (cf) Baseflow Subtotal (cf) Average TSS Concentration (mg/L) Total FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) Storm FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) Snowmelt FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) Base FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) Total TSS Loading (lbs) Storm TSS Loading (lbs) Snowmelt TSS Loading (lbs) Base TSS Loading (lbs) Total TSS Yield (lb/ac) Normalized Total TSS Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) Average TP Concentration (mg/L) Total FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) Storm FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) Snowmelt FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) Base FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) Total TP Loading (lbs) Storm TP Loading (lbs) Snowmelt TP Loading (lbs) Base TP Loading (lbs) Total TP Yield (lb/ac) Normalized Total TP Yield (lb/ac/in runoff)

2005 2,379 28.78 191 27 14

2006 2,379 24.67 212 12 21

2007 2,379 24.25 228 18 38

2008 2,379 18.99 224 8 27

2009 2,379 20.63 273 20 31

2010 2,379 36.32 365 21 54

6 32 141,113,120 27,471,750

10 23 105,996,024 26,637,070

10 36 178,456,040 39,682,781

13 28 136,464,730 33,416,733

16 30 173,066,683 56,480,312

15 51 333,565,680 136,032,158

103,641,370 270 108 312

79,358,954 266 125 400

138,773,259 109 43 156

103,047,997 375 115 378

116,586,370 130 86 233

197,212,437 203 96 222

34 950,788 730,597

33 827,991 665,210

10 476,080 386,111

29 978,540 788,964

14 927,558 747,671

9 1,991,582 1,881,829

220,191 400 24 0.359 0.163 0.408

162,781 348 28 0.280 0.190 0.420

89,468 200 10 0.240 0.110 0.310

189,576 411 26 0.501 0.171 0.470

104,904 390 19 0.287 0.174 0.412

109,272 837 22 0.263 0.183 0.371

0.075 1,440 955

0.110 1,249 697

0.060 1,255 761

0.073 1,453 981

0.058 1,739 1,179

0.054 3,820 3,150

484 0.605 0.037

553 0.525 0.043

494 0.528 0.026

472 0.611 0.039

422 0.731 0.036

668 1.606 0.042

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 74

2011 2,379 33.62 365 11 27 6 13 19 33 328,689,637 135,021,212 15,136,168 178,532,258 70 76 154 73 17 1,555,358 1,298,980 68,730 187,648 654 17 0.201 0.201 0.341 0.270 0.088 4,116 2,878 255 983 1.730 0.045

Table 21. 2006-2011 Trout Brook - East Branch Monitoring Results. 2006 Subwatershed Area (ac) Total Rainfall (inches) Number of Monitoring Days Number of Storm Sampling Events Number of Storm Intervals Number of Snowmelt Sampling Events Number of Snowmelt Intervals Number of Base Sampling Events Number of Baseflow Intervals Total Discharge (cf) Storm Flow Subtotal (cf) Snowmelt Flow Subtotal (cf) Baseflow Subtotal (cf) Average TSS Concentration (mg/L) Total FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) Storm FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) Snowmelt FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) Base FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) Total TSS Loading (lbs) Storm TSS Loading (lbs) Snowmelt TSS Loading (lbs) Base TSS Loading (lbs) Total TSS Yield (lb/ac) Normalized Total TSS Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) Average TP Concentration (mg/L) Total FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) Storm FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) Snowmelt FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) Base FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) Total TP Loading (lbs) Storm TP Loading (lbs) Snowmelt TP Loading (lbs) Base TP Loading (lbs) Total TP Yield (lb/ac) Normalized Total TP Yield (lb/ac/in runoff)

2007

2008

2009

2010

451 23.87 191 11 27

932 23.92 220 24 30

932 17.91 220 14 19

932 20.63 273 18 32

932 36.27 359 19 37

8 27 8,769,577 7,411,730

11 23 22,368,888 14,214,980

14 20 19,741,039 9,634,182

19 29 26,611,519 11,911,763

15 35 41,959,911 21,073,199

1,357,847 37 44 51

8,153,908 98 71 105

10,106,857 72 70 132

14,699,756 49 39 79

20,886,712 51 44 83

7 24,279 23,687

11 99,207 93,578

11 86,186 79,265

8 65,532 58,555

5 115,109 109,063

591 54 10 0.220 0.280 0.320

5,628 106 16 0.240 0.210 0.280

6,921 92 16 0.181 0.177 0.287

6,977 70 9 0.169 0.148 0.255

3,047 124 10 0.278 0.261 0.404

0.090 155 147

0.080 292 251

0.071 218 173

0.060 245 190

0.116 683 531

8 0.344 0.064

41 0.313 0.047

45 0.234 0.040

55 0.263 0.033

152 0.733 0.059

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 75

2011 932 33.43 349 11 32 9 10 18 35 43,363,061 19,264,104 2,405,051 21,693,906 37 46 79 56 16 124,707 94,989 8,365 21,353 134 10 0.196 0.201 0.314 0.198 0.101 544 378 30 136 0.584 0.046

Table 22. 2005-2011 Trout Brook Outlet Monitoring Results. 2005 Subwatershed Area (ac) Total Rainfall (inches) Number of Monitoring Days Number of Storm Sampling Events Number of Storm Intervals Number of Snowmelt Sampling Events Number of Snowmelt Intervals Number of Base Sampling Events Number of Baseflow Intervals Total Discharge (cf) Storm Flow Subtotal (cf) Snowmelt Flow Subtotal (cf) Baseflow Subtotal (cf) Average TSS Concentration (mg/L) Total FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) Storm FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) Snowmelt FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) Base FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) Total TSS Loading (lbs) Storm TSS Loading (lbs) Snowmelt TSS Loading (lbs) Base TSS Loading (lbs) Total TSS Yield (lb/ac) Normalized Total TSS Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) Average TP Concentration (mg/L) Total FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) Storm FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) Snowmelt FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) Base FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) Total TP Loading (lbs) Storm TP Loading (lbs) Snowmelt TP Loading (lbs) Base TP Loading (lbs) Total TP Yield (lb/ac) Normalized Total TP Yield (lb/ac/in runoff)

5,028 29.28 198 23 15

2006 5,028 24.67 210 21 40

2007 5,028 24.23 226 19 38

2008 5,028 15.54 198 14 26

2009 5,028 20.95 276 23 33

2010 5,028 36.32 364 24 52

5 18 10 14 16 14 33 43 29 25 25 32 292,595,899 438,485,575 388,392,876 279,271,142 356,849,169 496,585,344 80,113,383 88,748,004 133,852,477 88,336,642 113,482,177 180,006,459 212,482,516 349,737,571 254,540,399 190,934,500 243,366,992 316,578,885 311 141 198 82 104 156 71 50 102 60 56 82 201 199 285 175 159 211 20 1,306,755 1,054,690

12 1,363,229 1,104,384

6 2,474,834 2,377,790

8 1,054,580 963,965

8 1,143,682 1,027,807

9 2,557,705 2,374,988

252,065 320 20 0.508 0.151 0.342

258,845 271 11 0.260 0.130 0.390

97,044 492 23 0.300 0.180 0.410

90,615 210 14 0.200 0.163 0.394

115,875 227 12 0.275 0.163 0.406

182,717 509 19 0.307 0.178 0.399

0.074 2,698 1,742

0.070 3,630 2,155

0.050 4,249 3,438

0.056 2,845 2,175

0.050 3,638 2,874

0.053 5,529 4,482

956 0.697 0.043

1,476 0.722 0.030

811 0.845 0.040

670 0.568 0.037

764 0.724 0.037

1,047 1.100 0.040

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 76

2011 5,028 24.53 344 6 20 3 6 13 24 533,045,947 126,247,447 69,637,200 337,161,300 47 45 129 43 13 1,484,552 1,013,270 187,628 283,654 295 10 0.151 0.145 0.300 0.221 0.072 4,831 2,366 959 1,505 0.961 0.033

Lake McCarrons Subwatershed Lake McCarrons subwatershed drains 1,070 acres and is the northernmost subwatershed in CRWD, located entirely within the city limits of Roseville (Figure 25). Land use in the subwatershed is predominantly residential and parkland. As a result, the percentage of impervious surfaces in Lake McCarrons subwatershed is less than the other subwatersheds monitored by CRWD. More than half of the subwatershed drains to the Villa Park Wetland System which is designed to provide stormwater treatment before discharging to Lake McCarrons. CRWD monitors the Lake McCarrons subwatershed at the outlet of the Villa Park Wetland System; before the water discharges to Lake McCarrons (Villa Park Outlet). CRWD intends to monitor the Villa Park Outlet site long-term, as a baseline site. In addition, a flow-only station is monitored by CRWD at the outlet of Lake McCarrons (McCarrons Outlet) and RCPW collects water quality data for Lake McCarrons (see Chapter 5 for lake water quality monitoring results). Water flowing from the outlet of Lake McCarrons eventually flows into the Trout Brook Storm Sewer System before discharging to the Mississippi River. Villa Park Outlet The Villa Park Wetland System drains 753 acres in the Lake McCarrons Subwatershed and in 2011 approximately 15.7 million cf of water discharged from the outlet of the system (Table 24). This is the largest amount of total flow observed at this site since monitoring began and is likely due to excessive amounts of stormwater runoff produced by four storm events (occurring on 4/26/11, 5/20/11, 7/16/11, and 8/16/11), of which, each produced 1-2.3 million cf of discharge. The discharge from those four events combined accounted for 38% of the total flow for 2011. The amount of total flow in 2011 was 31% more than the historical total flow average (approximately 12 million cf). Stormflow accounted for the largest proportion (79%) of the total flow which discharged from the system in 2011; baseflow accounted for 21% (Table 24). It is interesting to note that the proportion of annual total flow attributable to baseflow, significantly decreased from 2008 to 2009. From 2006 to 2008, on average, baseflow accounted for 40% of the total annual flow from the system each year. However, from 2009 to 2011, the proportion of baseflow accounted for an average 22% of the total flow each year. In 2011, approximately 29,837 lbs of TSS discharged from the Villa Park Wetland System outlet which is greater than the historical average (26,900 lbs) (Table 24). Of the total TSS load, 91% was attributable to stormflow. Combined, the TSS loads produced by the four storm events listed previously, accounted for 43% of the total TSS load in 2011. The TSS load produced by the 8/16/11 storm event, alone, accounted for 29% of the total TSS load for 2011. The average TSS concentration in 2011 (21 mg/L) was below the historical average of 30 mg/L (Table 24). However, the 2011 average TSS concentration still exceeded the NCHF ecoregion average of 14 mg/L. Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 77

TSS yields (in pounds per acre) were normalized by runoff to remove the influence of annual precipitation trends and allowed for site-to-site comparisons. The normalized TSS yield for Villa Park in 2011was 7 lb/ac/in runoff, which was slightly less than the historical average (8 lb/ac/in runoff) (Table 24). Also, this yield was one of the lowest observed of all monitored subwatersheds in 2011 which is consistent with past results observed. The Villa Park watershed area is dominated by parkland and residential land uses which are generally more advantageous to producing less and infiltrating more stormwater runoff than the more highly industrialized and commercialized land uses observed in other larger, more developed subwatersheds. The total TP load that discharged from the outlet of the Villa Park Wetland System in 2011 was 195 lbs, which was consistent with the historical average amount (197 lbs) (Table 24). TP loads produced by storm events accounted for 74% of the total TP load. TP loads produced by the four storm events listed above, accounted for 40% of the 2011 total TP load. By itself, the TP load produced by the 7/16/11 storm event was attributable to just over one-quarter of the 2011 total TP load. The 2011 average TP concentration (0.205 mg/L) was the lowest observed since monitoring began in 2006. This concentration, however, still exceeded the NCHR ecoregion average (0.13 mg/L) and the Lambertâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Landing (Mississippi River reference site) TP average (0.16 mg/L). The 2011 normalized TP yield for the outlet of the Villa Park Wetland System was 0.045 lb/ac/in runoff (Table 24). This yield was the lowest observed at this site since monitoring began and is also slightly less than the historical average (0.060 lb/ac/in runoff). Although this has been the lowest normalized TP yield observed at this site, in comparison to the other monitored subwatersheds, it is comparable to values seen at other sites in 2011 (Table 8). In 2011, the Villa Park yearly average concentrations for all metal parameters (cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc) were all below the MPCA agency chronic toxicity standards and Lambertâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Landing average concentrations (Table 10). Sixteen E. coli grab samples were collected during baseflow conditions at the outlet of the Villa Park Wetland System in 2011 (Table 11). All but two of those bacteria samples were below the MPCA maximum standard (1,260 mpn/100mL). The two samples which exceeded the standard occurred on 8/18/11 and 9/22/11 with concentrations of 1,553 mpn/100mL and 4,100 mpn/100mL, respectively (Table 11). E. coli grab samples were also collected during three snowmelt events and five storm events in 2011 (Table 12). E. coli concentrations of the three snowmelt samples fell below the maximum standard and two of the five storm samples exceeded the maximum standard. Those exceedences occurred on 3/22/11 and 6/15/11 with concentrations of 1,414 mpn/100mL and 1,733 mpn/100mL, respectively (Table 12). Lake McCarrons Outlet The total discharge from the outlet to Lake McCarrons in 2011 was approximately 21.7 million cf (Table 23). This is greater than total flows observed from 2006 to 2010, however, the total discharge in 2011 is slightly less than the historical average (approximately 23.2 million cf). In 2011, the average stage observed at the outlet was 0.410 ft (Table 23). This was the highest average stage observed since monitoring began and was more than three times the historical Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 78

average (0.131 ft). The high total discharge and stage are primarily due to frequent and high precipitation storm events starting in early to mid-July. Particularly, a storm event occurring on 7/16/11 produced in excess of 3 inches of precipitation in a short amount of time (2 hours). During and after this one event, discharge and stage of that discharge from Lake McCarrons remained elevated through early August. See Appendix A for the 2011 Lake McCarrons Outlet hydrograph. Table 23. 2005 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2011 McCarrons Outlet Stage and Discharge.

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Average Stage (ft) 0.16 0.10 0.13 0.07 0.11 0.23 0.41

Discharge (cf) 83,156,630 8,603,954 18,831,156 4,888,548 9,673,989 13,998,900 21,723,800

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 79

Figure 25. Lake McCarrons Subwatershed. Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 80

Table 24. 2006-2011 Villa Park Subwatershed Monitoring Results. 2006

Subwatershed Area (ac) Total Rainfall (inches) Number of Monitoring Days Number of Storm Sampling Events Number of Storm Intervals Number of Base Sampling Events Number of Baseflow Intervals Total Discharge (cf) Storm Flow Subtotal (cf) Baseflow Subtotal (cf) Average TSS Concentration (mg/L) Total FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) Storm FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) Base FWA TSS Concentration (mg/L) Total TSS Loading (lbs) Storm TSS Loading (lbs) Base TSS Loading (lbs) Total TSS Yield (lb/ac) Normalized Total TSS Yield (lb/ac/in runoff) Average TP Concentration (mg/L) Total FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) Storm FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) Base FWA TP Concentration (mg/L) Total TP Loading (lbs) Storm TP Loading (lbs) Base TP Loading (lbs) Total TP Yield (lb/ac) Normalized Total TP Yield (lb/ac/in runoff)

2007

2008

753 753 753 24.66 24.16 19.45 204 228 223 12 18 12 15 28 19 7 9 13 18 23 36 11,075,521 14,512,244 12,884,967 5,564,657 9,835,524 7,839,161 5,510,864 4,656,826 5,045,805 18 18 25 17 23 22 19 28 14 15 12 35 11,833 20,394 17,740 6,742 16,981 6,725 5,091 3,397 11,014 16 27 24 4 5 5 0.280 0.260 0.324 0.310 0.240 0.268 0.230 0.220 0.234 0.400 0.280 0.322 216 216 215 79 136 114 137 80 101 0.287 0.287 0.286 0.071 0.054 0.061

2009

2010

2011

753 753 753 19.11 31.32 28.90 220 212 211 17 13 10 24 28 23 16 11 13 20 19 19 7,597,428 13,687,318 15,879,438 5,668,868 11,029,258 12,382,914 1,928,561 2,658,060 3,496,524 32 59 21 43 75 30 49 91 35 26 11 12 20,410 64,362 29,837 17,230 62,584 27,241 3,180 1,778 2,596 27 85 40 10 17 7 0.286 0.335 0.205 0.239 0.263 0.197 0.226 0.264 0.187 0.277 0.258 0.232 113 225 195 80 182 145 33 43 51 0.150 0.299 0.259 0.054 0.060 0.045

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Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 82

4 Lake Water Quality Monitoring Introduction There are four lakes within the boundaries of CRWD: Como Lake, Crosby Lake, Lake McCarrons, and Loeb Lake (Figure 2). The lakes are monitored by Ramsey County Public Works (RCPW) and CRWD to assess overall health and to determine if each lake supports their designated uses for swimming, fishing, and/or aesthetics. With the exception of Loeb Lake, all of the lakes receive stormwater runoff and ultimately drain to the Mississippi River. Como Lake, Crosby Lake, and Loeb Lake are classified as shallow lakes and Lake McCarrons is classified as a deep lake. Shallow lakes are defined as those lakes which have a maximum depth less than fifteen feet or those in which more than 80% of the lake is within the littoral zone. The littoral zone is the area of the lake in which plants grow. Deep lakes are defined as those lakes in which the maximum depth is greater than fifteen feet or those in which less than 80% of the lake is in the littoral zone. Como Lake Como Lake is a 67-acre lake with a maximum depth of 15.5 feet and is located in the City of Saint Paul. Surrounding land uses are primarily residential and parkland. Como Lake is classified as a shallow lake because nearly 100% of the lake is in the littoral zone. The lake has been monitored since 1984, and although water quality has improved slightly over time, there has been significant annual variation in water quality. In effort to improve water quality in the lake, the Como Lake Strategic Management Plan was developed in 2002 (CRWD, 2002). Since 2002, Como Lake has been listed as impaired on the Minnesota Pollution Control Agencyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s (MPCA) 303(d) list for excess nutrients (MPCA, 2012). Crosby Lake Crosby Lake is a 48-acre shallow lake that is situated in the Mississippi River floodplain in Saint Paul and is part of the Crosby Farm Regional Park and the Mississippi River National River and Recreation Area. The lake is divided into two separate water bodies by a trail: Crosby Lake and Little (or Upper) Crosby Lake. Crosby Lake is classified as a shallow lake because it has a maximum depth of 19 feet and the littoral zone covers 97% of the lake area. Little Crosby Lake is a small lake with a maximum depth of 34 feet. However, 90% of its area is littoral (<15 feet in depth). The surrounding land uses for both water bodies are primarily parkland, single family residential, and industrial. Crosby Lake and Little Crosby Lake are periodically flooded by the Mississippi River (a 3-year storm event, or when the river reaches 49,000 cfs). Crosby Lake has been monitored by RCPW and CRWD since 2005. Little Crosby Lake was monitored for the first time in 2011. Both Crosby Lake and Little Crosby Lake are not currently listed on the MPCA 303(d) list of impaired waters. Lake McCarrons Located in the City of Roseville, Lake McCarrons is a 68-acre lake with a maximum depth of 57 feet. It is considered a deep lake with less than 36% of the lake area located in the littoral zone. Lake McCarrons has a surrounding land use of mostly mixed residential and open space. Lake McCarrons Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 83

has been monitored since 1988 by RCPW. Lake McCarrons received an alum treatment in 2004 and water quality of the lake has shown improvement since. The lake is considered to be an unimpaired water body and is not currently listed on the MPCA 303(d) list. Loeb Lake Loeb Lake is a 9-acre shallow lake with a maximum depth of 28 feet located in Marydale Park in the City of St. Paul. Surrounding land uses are predominately mixed residential and parkland. Loeb Lake has been monitored by RCPW and CRWD since 2003 (with the exception of 2004). Loeb Lake is considered to be an unimpaired water body and is not currently listed on the MPCA 303(d) list.

Methods The 2011 lake water quality data (and all years preceding) was collected by RCPW. Samples and data were collected throughout the growing season (May through September) on a monthly or bi-weekly basis. At each lake, RCPW collected water samples and measured water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and water transparency). Water samples were collected from discrete depths within the mixed water layer. If thermal stratification was present, additional water samples were collected from the thermocline and the hypolimnion. The water samples were analyzed by RCPW for chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), phaeophytin-a (Phaeo-a), total phosphorous (TP), soluble reactive phosphorous (SRP), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), nitrate (NO3), chloride ion concentrations (Cl), and ammonia (NH3). Water transparency, or water clarity, was determined with the use of a Secchi disk. A Secchi disk is a black and white patterned disk that is connected to a line or pole. To take a measurement, the Secchi disk is lowered slowly into the water column until the pattern is no longer visible. The depth at which the disk is no longer visible is then recorded. This measurement is commonly referred to as Secchi depth. A shallower Secchi depth measurement typically indicates poor water clarity as a result of increased turbidity caused by suspended sediments, organic matter, and/or phytoplankton (algae). The primary pollutant of concern to CRWD lakes is total phosphorus (TP). Phosphorus occurs naturally in the environment and is an essential biological nutrient associated with the growth of aquatic plants. In excess, phosphorus in lakes can cause algal blooms and growth of nuisance aquatic macrophytes, which can be detrimental to aquatic health. Common anthropogenic sources of phosphorus include fertilizers from lawns, golf courses, and other treated open spaces, detergents from residential and commercial car washes, animal waste, and sewage from illicit connections. CRWD is within the Northern Central Hardwood Forest (NCHF) ecoregion. It is one of seven ecoregions in Minnesota and is characterized as an area with fertile soils with agriculture as the dominant land use in rural areas. In most lakes in the NCHF ecoregion, phosphorous is the least available nutrient; therefore, the concentration of phosphorous controls the extent of algal growth. Algal growth in turn affects the clarity and recreational potential of lakes.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 84

Chlorophyll-a is a pigment present in algae. Measuring chlorophyll-a concentration is a surrogate for measuring algal population. Algal blooms can make recreation unpleasant and certain species are toxic to humans and other animals. In addition, as algae die and decompose, oxygen is removed from the water column. Chronic low dissolved oxygen concentrations (<5 mg/L) may result in fish kills and low diversity of aquatic species. A lake is considered eutrophic if it has high nutrient levels, low dissolved oxygen concentrations, and frequent algal blooms. Although some lakes are naturally eutrophic, many have become eutrophic as a result of anthropogenic activities. In order to identify eutrophic water bodies in Minnesota, the MPCA established eutrophication numeric water quality standards in lakes for TP, Secchi depth, and chlorophyll-a (Table 25) (MPCA, 2008). In the NCHF ecoregion, there is a different standard for shallow and deep lakes (Table 25). For a lake to be considered compliant and not eutrophic under the MPCA standards, it is required to meet the standard for both TP and either the Secchi depth or chlorophyll-a. Lakes that do not meet the standards may be placed on the MPCA 303(d) list of impaired waters. To account for differences in natural trophic state, the standards vary by ecoregion and lake type. Table 25. Deep and Shallow Lake State Water Quality Standards. Parameter TP Chl-a Secchi depth

Agency MPCA, 2008 MPCA, 2008 MPCA, 2008

Use/Exposure aquatic life & recreation/nutrients aquatic life & recreation/nutrients aquatic life & recreation/nutrients

Deep Lake Standard < 0.04 < 14 ≥ 1.4

Shallow Lake Standard < 0.06 < 20 ≥ 1.0

Units mg/L µg/L m

a. Applies to Class 2B waters: those suitable for warm and cool water fish and other aquatic life and for human recreation. b. Excess nutrients can negatively impact recreation and aquatic life - the standards are threshold levels.

Results and Analysis Summary of Results The water quality of all CRWD lakes degraded in 2011. Both Como Lake and Crosby Lake did not meet the MPCA eutrophication numeric water quality standards during the growing season (Table 26). Both lakes significantly exceeded the shallow lake standards for TP and Chl-a, though they both met Secchi disk standards (Table 26). This was the first time Como Lake did not meet the Secchi depth shallow lake standard since 2006; however, the lake has consistently not met the eutrophication numeric standards in the past. For Crosby Lake, which is consistently listed as unimpaired, 2011 was the first year in the monitoring record that it was not in compliance with the eutrophication standards. The Mississippi River plays a role in this as it flooded in fall 2010, and again for much of the 2011 season. In addition, the growing season averages of all water quality parameters for both Como Lake and Crosby Lake worsened in 2011 in comparison to the 2010 (Figures 26, 27, 28). It should be noted that the period of May through August 2011 were the wettest months, which is typical for the region.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 85

Loeb Lake and Lake McCarrons both met the eutrophication numeric water quality standards and are categorized as unimpaired (Table 26). Lake McCarrons met the deep lake standards, though the growing season averages for each water quality parameter worsened in comparison to 2010 values. Como Lake In 2011, the growing season average for TP and Chl-a in Como Lake significantly exceeded the state shallow lake standards (Table 26). However, the growing season average Secchi depth was 1.0, equal to the state standard (Table 26 and Figure 26). In comparison to historical averages, the 2011 growing season TP and Chl-a average concentrations were greater than the historical averages (Figures 30 and 31). Also, increases in TP were observed in 2011 in comparison to 2010 averages (Figure 32). Most notably, the 2011 TP concentrations increased throughout 2011 and the average TP concentration (0.224 mg/L) increased by 59% from the 2010 average TP (0.141 mg/L). The Chl-a concentration peaked in mid to late July, and Secchi depth subsequently worsened. The growing season average Secchi depth (1.0 meters) was less than the historical average and in comparison to 2010 (Figures 26, 29, and 32). Figure 32 presents the historical relationships between Secchi depth, TP, and Chl-a. In general, Como Lake has seen overall improvements in water quality since monitoring began in 1984, though each parameter tends to fluctuate annually. It is hypothesized that the lake is cyclic in water quality and biological response (Noonan, 1998); which is observable in the data as trends of increase and decrease occur generally every 5 years. In 2006, improvements in water quality parameters were observed in Como Lake which continued through 2007, 2008, and 2009. From 2007, this reduction in nutrient loading is partially attributed to the Arlington-Pascal Stormwater Improvement Project constructed upstream of Como Lake. More information about the performance of these BMPs may be found in the CRWD BMP Performance and Cost-Benefit Analysis (CRWD 2012). Crosby Lake In 2011, Crosby Lake met the state shallow lake standards for Secchi depth, but exceeded the standards for TP and Chl-a (Table 26). Also, the 2011 growing season Chl-a and TP averages were significantly greater the historical averages and the 2011 Secchi depth average was less than the historical average, cumulatively indicating a decline in water quality (Figures 29, 30, 31). In Spring 2011, the flooding of Crosby Lake is thought to have caused initial high Chl-a concentrations and poor water clarity. However, even after the flood period, high Chl-a and TP concentrations persisted. Since monitoring of Crosby Lake began in 2005, a decrease in annual average TP concentrations was observed until a sharp increase occurred in 2010. TP concentrations were high again and in 2011 reached the highest average annual concentration ever observed at 0.122 mg/L. Similarly, the growing season Chl-a average has significantly increased in Crosby Lake with a 152% increase in 2011 (44.3 Âľg/L) from the 2010 average concentration (17.6 Âľg/L). The growing season Secchi depth average has also continued to decrease (Figure 33). Since 2005, the overall water quality of Crosby Lake has been in decline, but 2011 was the first year that it did not meet the MPCA eutrophication standards (Table 26). Little Crosby Lake was monitored for the first time in 2011. The 2011 sampling data for Little Crosby Lake showed an average TP concentration of 0.102 mg/L to exceed the state shallow lake standard. The Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 86

Chl-a concentration (11.5 µg/L) and 2011 average Secchi depth (2.03 meters.) both met the state shallow lake standard. Lake McCarrons In 2011, Lake McCarrons met state deep lake standards for Chl-a, TP, and Secchi depth (Table 26). The 2011 growing season average for Secchi depth (2.9 m) was greater than the historical average of 2.8 m (Figure 29), but decreased from 2010 (4.0 m) (Figure 34). The 2011 growing season TP and Chl-a averages were less than the historical averages (Figures 30 and 31), but increased slightly from 2010 (Figure 34). During the first half of the 2011 season, Lake McCarrons had been improving slightly in the month of May. Lake McCarrons’ Secchi depth and Chl-a concentrations increased from June through the beginning of August. While overall 2011 growing season averages for TP, Chl-a, and Secchi depth did not improve over 2010 values (Figure 34), Lake McCarrons has seen an overall improvement in water quality since receiving the alum treatment in 2004. From 2004 to 2011, TP and Chl-a concentrations have significantly decreased and Secchi depths have also improved (Figure 34). Loeb Lake In 2011, Loeb Lake met the state shallow lake standards for Chl-a, TP, and Secchi depth. The 2011 growing season TP and Chl-a averages were nearly the same as the historical averages (Figures 30 and 31). The 2011 growing season Secchi depth average decreased from 3.5 m in 2010 to 3.0 m in 2011 (Figures 26 and 35). Loeb Lake exhibited similar behavior to McCarrons through in that it had been improving in the month of May, but its Secchi depth and Chl-a concentrations continued to worsen from June through the beginning of August. Precipitation played a role in this since July was not only the peak of the growing season, but also received 10 inches of rain in 2011, the most of any other month. Since monitoring began in 2005, growing season Chl-a averages have had little annual deviation (Figure 35). However, growing season averages for TP have been increasing since 2009, which is likely due to wetter years in 2010 and 2011. 2011 averages still remain less than the historical average (Figure 35). Based on the historical data since 2005, water quality has been fairly steady over the years in Loeb Lake (Figure 35). Table 26. 2011 and Historical Water Quality Growing Season Averages. 2011 Averages Lake Secchi Chl-a TP (m) (µg/L) (mg/L) Como 1.0 41.8 0.224 Crosby 1.3 44.3 0.122 Little Crosby 2.0 11.5 0.102 Loeb 3.0 4.3 0.025 McCarrons 2.9 7.7 0.020

Historical Averages Secchi Chl-a TP (m) (µg/L) (mg/L) 1.6 35.7 0.166 2.0 14.2 0.060 NA NA NA 3.5 4.5 0.024 2.8 10.3 0.035

Lake Standards Secchi Chl-a TP (m) (µg/L) (mg/L) 1.0 20.0 0.060 1.0 20.0 0.060 1.0 20.0 0.060 1.0 20.0 0.060 1.4 14.0 0.040

Values exceed the state standard NA: Not applicable. Little Crosby Lake was not monitored until 2011.

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Figure 26. Yearly Growing Season Secchi Depth Averages.

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Figure 27. Yearly Growing Season Average Chl-a Concentrations. Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 88

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CRWD Historical Averages Como (1984 ‐ 2010) McCarrons (1988 ‐ 2010) Crosby (2005 ‐ 2010) Loeb (2003 ‐ 2010)

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Figure 29. 2011 and Historical Growing Season Secchi Depth Averages. Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 89

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Figure 30. 2011 and Historical Growing Season Chl-a Averages.

0.25 Historical Average

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Figure 31. 2011 and Historical Growing Season TP Averages.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 90

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Figure 32. Como Lake Growing Season Secchi Depths, and TP and Chl-a Averages. Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 91

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Figure 33. Crosby Lake Growing Season Secchi Depths, and TP and Chl-a Averages. Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 92

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Figure 34. Lake McCarrons Growing Season Secchi Depths, and TP and Chl-a Averages. Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 93

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Figure 35. Loeb Lake Growing Season Secchi Depths, and TP and Chl-a Averages.

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 94

TP and Chl-a Concentrations (µg/L)

Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendations

Conclusions Stormwater discharging from CRWD was measured to be more polluted than the Mississippi River. Additionally, the 2011 stormwater data was compared to a national stormwater quality database of urbanized areas which revealed that CRWD stormwater is typically more polluted with sediment, nutrients and bacteria than other urban watersheds across the nation. Concentrations for TP, TSS, metals, and bacteria in CRWD subwatersheds remained high in 2011, especially during stormflows. High stormwater pollutant levels contributed to the various water quality impairments found in CRWD lakes and the Mississippi River. The 2011 monitoring season was the second year that CRWD monitoring sites collected data year-round from January through December. Therefore, total recorded discharge and pollutant loads are higher than recorded in the past. However, overall pollutant loads and concentrations were lower than seen historically when normalized for drainage area dn the amount of runoff received. Among the monitoring sites, the Trout Brook subwatershed produced the highest total discharge and total loads for TSS and TP from CRWD in 2011 which closely corresponds to trends identified in previous monitoring years. East Kittsondale again showed improvement in normalized TSS and TP yields in 2011, but flow-weighted average concentrations remained very high. In comparison to the other sites, East Kittsondale continued its trend of generating the highest normalized sediment and phosphorus loads on a per acre and per inch of runoff basis. Monitoring of the Villa Park subwatershed has identified it as a prominent source of TP to Lake McCarrons. While Villa Park showed an decrease in overall TP load in 2011, it was accompanied by a larger decrease in TSS load and average TSS concentrations. This is in stark contrast to the 2010 monitoring year, which showed a rather large increase in pollutant concentrations. In 2011, the average yearly concentrations of lead at five monitoring sites exceeded MPCA toxicity standard (East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, Trout Brook â&#x20AC;&#x201C; West Branch, Como 7, and Sarita). Average storm concentrations of copper at all sites except Trout Brook Outlet and Villa Park exceeded the MPCA standard. Zinc also appears to be of some concern during storms at some sites, with East Kittsondale, St. Anthony Park, and Como 7 exceeding the MPCA toxicity standard. In general, bacteria levels during 2011 storm events were found to exceed MPCA water quality standards at most monitoring sites. At all sites, baseflow bacteria samples typically did not exceed the standard. CRWD staff witnessed potential illicit discharges which may not be related to bacteria at St. Anthony Park in 2011, and will continue to monitor the quality of water entering the Mississippi River at this site. Chloride levels were monitored year-round in 2011 at all CRWD sites. Large increases in chloride concentrations that exceeded the MPCA toxicity standard were generally observed during the winter months and snowmelt periods due to road salt application. However, both East Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 95

Kittsondale and Trout Brook-East Branch consistently discharged chloride concentrations in excess of the water quality standard all year during baseflow conditions. CRWD stormwater ponds were able to provide adequate water storage while maintaining surface levels commensurate with previous monitoring years. Stormwater ponds experienced slight increases in water levels during large storm events; however, excess water was generally drained within 72 hours. In 2011, all lakes saw a water quality degradation from the previous year. Como and Crosby Lakes showed a decline in water quality for the second year in a row and did not meet eutrophication standards. However, pollutant loading in Como Lake is more greatly dominated by stormwater runoff than is Crosby Lake, which has more limited stormwater inputs and experiences periodic flooding from the Mississippi River. Crosby Lake’s TP and Chlorophyl-a values were significantly greater their historical averages. While in the past decade, Como Lake has generally improved from its historical conditions, 2011 showed increases in TP and Chl-a concentrations and a decrease in Secchi depth. Loeb Lake and Lake McCarrons have also seen increases in TP in recent years, despite general improvements from historical conditions.

Recommendations It is the goal of CRWD to continually improve the monitoring program with new ideas in order to advance the program in quality, efficiency, and usefulness. The monitoring program aims to collect and analyze high quality data from multiple locations to better understand the water quality in individual subwatersheds as well as the watershed as a whole. Data collection and analysis through the monitoring program helps to further CRWD’s mission “to protect, manage and improve the water resources of the Capitol Region Watershed District.” In 2011, CRWD achieved many of the goals stated in the 2010 Monitoring Report, including:  Identifying a potential illicit discharge from the St. Anthony Park subwatershed;  Continued monitoring bacteria concentrations at East Kittsondale during baseflow periods to ensure the illicit discharge removed in 2010 does not re-emerge;  Year-round monitoring of five full water quality sites, East Kittsondale, Phalen Creek, Trout Brook – West Branch, Trout Brook – East Branch, and Trout Brook Outlet;  Additional preliminary monitoring of unmonitored subwatersheds (data not yet reported);  Monitoring equipment improvement; and  Collaboration with the MPCA to monitor chloride in the Trout Brook subwatershed for development of the Chloride Management Plan. For 2012, CRWD has several goals and recommendations to continue improving the monitoring program and the water quantity and quality dataset: 

Illicit discharge detection and elimination and continued monitoring at the Saint Anthony Park subwatershed outlet.

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CRWD will attempt to identify other illicit discharges by collecting extensive water quality samples during non-stormwater flow events. This includes continued monitoring of the the St. Anthony Park subwatershed. 

Improvement of laboratory services for stormwater sample analysis by changing service providers.

CRWD changed its primary laboratory service provider for analysis of water quality samples to Pace Analytical. CRWD has utilized Metropolitan Council Environmental Services (MCES) for laboratory services since 2005. The change from MCES to Pace is recommended due to several of reasons, including cost, client service, and convenience. Throughout the transition to Pace Analytical in 2012, it is recommended that duplicate samples be submitted to MCES in order to determine whether or not a significant difference in results exists between labs. 

Development of a monitoring database system that is capable of storing multiple years of monitoring data.

CRWD began its monitoring program in 2005 and now has seven years of data for some sites. It is recommended that CRWD actively pursue a monitoring database system that can house all of the monitoring data. 

Development of additional analysis for monitoring data using statistical methods and other techniques.

Continued monitoring and additional analysis will assist in guiding our development of water quality improvement projects that target the key pollutants and subwatersheds. 

Continue comprehensive monitoring to determine areas of most concern within the watershed.

CRWD will continue comprehensive monitoring of stormwater at the established sites. CRWD will consider the addition of other monitoring locations to gather information on unmonitored subwatersheds or project sites. Data from these sites can be analyzed and used to better understand the watershed and as guide other management decisions regarding projects within the District.

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References Capitol Region Watershed District (CRWD), 2010. Stormwater BMP Performance Assessment and Cost-Benefit Analysis. Saint Paul, MN. Capitol Region Watershed District (CRWD), 2002. Como Lake Strategic Management Plan. Saint Paul, MN. Capitol Region Watershed District (CRWD), 2000. Watershed Management Plan 2000. Roseville, MN. Center for Watershed Protection, Maestre, A., and Pitt, R., 2005. The National Stormwater Quality Database, Version 1.1, A compilation and Analysis of NPDES Stormwater Monitoring Information. Prepared for US EPA, Office of Water, Washington, D.C. City of St. Paul Surveyorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Office, 2011. Survey records. Accessed on-line from http://survey.ci.stpaul.mn.us/survey_records1.html. Saint Paul, MN. ESRI, 2011. ArcGIS 9.3 Redlands, CA, USA. Kloiber, S.M., 2006. Estimating nonpoint source pollution for the Twin Cities Metropolitan area using landscape variables. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 172: 313-335. Massa, S., Brocchi, G.F., Peri, G. Altieri, C. and Mammina, C., 2001. Evaluation of recovery methods to detect faecal streptococci in polluted waters. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 32: 298-302. McCollor, S. and Heiskary, S., 1993. Selected water quality characteristics of minimally impacted streams from Minnesotaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s seven ecoregions. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Saint Paul, MN. Metropolitan Council Environmental Services (MCES), 2012. Environmental Information Management System. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA), 2012. Final TMDL list of impaired waters. Accessed on-line from http://www.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/view-document.html?gid=8281. Saint Paul, MN. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA), 2010. Draft TMDL list of impaired waters. Accessed on-line from http://www.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/view-document.html?gid=8260. Saint Paul, MN. National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration (NOAA), 2011. National Weather Service Climate data. Accessed on-line from http://www.weather.gov/climate/index.php?wfo=mpx

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United States Environmental Protection Agency. Current national recommended water quality criteria. Accessed on-line from http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/criteria/wqcriteria.html

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Appendix A

Table 27. 2011 Como 7 Subwatershed Laboratory Data. Como 7 Sample Type Snowmelt Grab Snowmelt Grab Storm Grab Storm Grab Storm Composite Storm Composite Storm Composite Storm Grab Storm Composite Storm Composite

Golf Course Pond Outlet Sample Type Snowmelt Grab Storm Grab Storm Grab Storm Composite Storm Grab Storm Composite Storm Composite Storm Composite

Sampling End Date / Time 2/17/2011 9:35 3/16/2011 14:50 3/22/2011 9:15 4/26/2011 9:25 5/9/2011 7:36 5/21/2011 5:11 6/14/2011 19:23 6/15/2011 8:35 7/15/2011 10:29 7/27/2011 16:08 Snowmelt Average Como 7 Storm Average Como 7 Annual Average Annual Maximum Annual Minimum Annual Median

Ortho-P mg/L 0.34 0.263 0.125 0.047 0.008 0.05 0.039 0.302 0.054 0.125 0.340 0.008 0.050

Cl mg/L 864 206 13 4 5 4 4 4 2 535 5 123 864 2 4

Cd mg/L 0.001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0014 0.00028 0.00021 0.0002 0.0002 0.0006 0.0004 0.0004 0.0014 0.0002 0.0002

Cr mg/L 0.012 0.0054 0.005 0.0041 0.101 0.0069 0.0045 0.0037 0.0024 0.0087 0.0182 0.0161 0.1010 0.0024 0.0050

Cu mg/L 0.016 0.0116 0.0096 0.0078 0.114 0.018 0.0137 0.0094 0.0067 0.0138 0.0256 0.0230 0.1140 0.0067 0.0116

Pb mg/L 0.007 0.0077 0.0117 0.0123 0.159 0.0175 0.0105 0.0104 0.0093 0.0074 0.0330 0.0273 0.1590 0.0070 0.0105

Ni mg/L 0.02 0.0033 0.0031 0.0025 0.0612 0.0056 0.0032 0.003 0.0023 0.0117 0.0116 0.0116 0.0612 0.0023 0.0032

Zn mg/L 0.089 0.0634 0.0697 0.0556 0.702 0.143 0.0937 0.0682 0.0491 0.0762 0.1688 0.1482 0.7020 0.0491 0.0697

NH3 mg/L 1.88 0.75 0.31 0.11 0.23 0.21 0.09 0.23 0.17 1.32 0.19 0.44 1.88 0.09 0.23

TKN mg/L 4.3 3.5 1 1.1 2.8 3.4 2.6 0.58 2.6 3.9 2.0 2.4 4.3 0.6 2.6

TP mg/L 0.521 0.488 0.264 0.183 0.373 0.52 0.459 0.119 0.276 0.505 0.313 0.356 0.521 0.119 0.373

NO3 mg/L 0.9 0.27 0.2 0.07 0.3 0.19 0.08 0.27 0.22 0.59 0.19 0.28 0.90 0.07 0.22

NO2 mg/L 0.12 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.09 0.03 0.05 0.12 0.03 0.03

TDS mg/L 1,480 430 54 28 63 56 29 41 35 955 44 246 1,480 28 54

TSS mg/L 390 70 80 76 928 314 153 205 102 230 265 258 928 70 153

VSS mg/L 38 38 24 33 316 143 68 89 45 38 103 88 316 24 45

Hardness mg/L 82 32 36 32 46 36 40 32 18 57 34 39 82 18 36

cBOD mg/L 16 8.8 5.8 25.9 6.6 4.4 12.4 10.7 11 26 4 8

SO4 mg/L 17.9 17.9 18 18 18 18

E. coli mpn/100mL 2,420 1,414 1,986 6,300 1,917 3,233 3,030 6,300 1,414 2,203

Sampling Start Sampling End Date / Time Date / Time 2/17/2011 9:50 2/17/2011 9:50 3/22/2011 9:15 3/22/2011 9:15 4/26/2011 9:25 4/26/2011 9:25 5/21/2011 1:18 5/21/2011 12:13 6/15/2011 8:45 6/15/2011 8:45 6/14/2011 21:16 6/16/2011 9:18 7/27/2011 5:28 7/28/2011 10:32 10/12/2011 16:07 10/13/2011 21:10 Storm Average Golf Course Pond Outlet Storm Average Como 7 Subwatershed Annual Average Como 7 Subwatershed Annual Como 7 Subwatershed Maximum Annual Como 7 Subwatershed Minimum Annual Como 7 Subwatershed Median

Ortho-P mg/L 0.292 0.049 0.107 0.009 0.077 0.107 0.080 0.117 0.292 0.009 0.064

Cl mg/L 7 37 79 60 21 9 36 19 88 79 7 9

Cd mg/L 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0003 0.0003 0.0014 0.0002 0.0002

Cr mg/L 0.0012 0.0037 0.0036 0.0017 0.0022 0.0021 0.0024 0.0109 0.0106 0.1010 0.0012 0.0037

Cu mg/L 0.0035 0.0074 0.0045 0.0035 0.0022 0.0039 0.0042 0.0157 0.0163 0.1140 0.0022 0.0078

Pb mg/L 0.0013 0.0051 0.0015 0.001 0.0012 0.0015 0.0019 0.0186 0.0171 0.1590 0.0010 0.0077

Ni mg/L 0.0014 0.002 0.0019 0.0016 0.0026 0.0018 0.0019 0.0071 0.0077 0.0612 0.0014 0.0026

Zn mg/L 0.014 0.0443 0.0183 0.0288 0.0178 0.026 0.0249 0.1023 0.0989 0.7020 0.0140 0.0556

NH3 mg/L 0.34 0.12 0.43 0.5 0.11 0.03 0.26 0.22 0.37 1.88 0.03 0.23

TKN mg/L 1.9 0.84 1.1 1.5 0.86 1.6 1.3 1.7 2.0 4.3 0.6 1.6

TP mg/L 0.458 0.144 0.114 0.206 0.119 0.3 0.224 0.272 0.303 0.521 0.114 0.276

NO3 mg/L 0.3 0.07 0.31 0.14 0.22 0.08 0.19 0.19 0.24 0.90 0.07 0.22

NO2 mg/L 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.12 0.03 0.03

TDS mg/L 128 110 155 111 82 75 110 74 192 1,480 28 75

TSS mg/L 19 89 24 5 10 17 27 156 165 928 5 80

VSS mg/L 12 55 10 3 7 10 16 63 59 316 3 38

Hardness mg/L 36 20 34 38 20 38 31 33 36 82.0 18.0 36.0

cBOD mg/L 7.2 3.4 4.4 6.6 5.4 8.0 8.9 25.9 3.4 6.6

SO4 mg/L 17.9 17.9 17.9 17.9

E. coli mpn/100mL 345 1,120 435 2,420 1,325 2,279 2,055 6,300 345 1,700

Sampling Start Date / Time 2/17/2011 9:35 3/16/2011 14:50 3/22/2011 9:15 4/26/2011 9:25 5/9/2011 6:50 5/21/2011 3:36 6/14/2011 18:05 6/15/2011 8:35 7/15/2011 10:00 7/27/2011 3:10

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 103

number is approximate (~) actual value is less than number (<) not collected

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 104

F Figure 36. 2011 1 Como 7 Levell, Velocity, and Discharge.

Capitol Region R Watersh hed District 20111 Monitoring ReeportÂ 105

F Figure 37. 2011 1 Como 7 Levell, Discharge, and d Rain.

Capitol Region R Watersh hed District 20111 Monitoring ReeportÂ 106

F Figure 38. 2011 1 Golf Course Pond P Outlet Level, Velocity, and d Discharge.

Capitol Region R Watersh hed District 20111 Monitoring ReeportÂ 107

F Figure 39. 2011 1 Golf Course Pond P Outlet Level, Discharge, and a Rain.

Capitol Region R Watersh hed District 20111 Monitoring ReeportÂ 108

Table 28. 2011 Como 7 Subwatershed Loading. Sample Type Storm Storm Storm Storm Storm Storm Grab Storm Storm Storm Storm Storm Composite Storm Storm Storm Storm Composite Storm Storm Storm Storm Storm Storm Storm Storm Storm Storm Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Storm Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Storm Storm Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Storm Composite Storm Storm Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Storm Illicit Discharge Storm Illicit Discharge Storm Storm Storm Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Storm Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Storm Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Storm Storm Illicit Discharge Storm Storm Storm Illicit Discharge Storm Illicit Discharge Storm Composite Storm Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Storm Composite Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Storm Illicit Discharge Storm Illicit Discharge Storm Storm Storm

Sample Colle ction Time TP (mg/L) TSS (mg/L) Start Start Date End Date End Time Time 0.313 265 0.313 265 0.313 265 0.313 265 0.313 265 4/26/2011 9:25 4/26/2011 9:25 0.183 76 0.313 265 0.313 265 0.313 265 0.313 265 5/9/2011 6:50 5/9/2011 7:36 0.373 928 0.313 265 0.313 265 0.313 265 5/21/2011 3:36 5/21/2011 5:11 0.520 314 0.313 265 0.313 265 0.313 265 0.313 265 0.313 265 0.313 265 0.313 265 0.313 265 0.313 265 0.313 265 0.054 2 0.054 2 0.054 2 0.054 2 0.054 2 0.313 265 0.054 2 0.054 2 0.054 2 0.313 265 0.313 265 0.054 2 0.054 2 0.054 2 6/14/2011 18:05 6/14/2011 19:23 0.459 153 0.313 265 0.313 265 0.054 2 0.054 2 0.313 265 0.054 2 0.313 265 0.054 2 0.313 265 0.313 265 0.313 265 0.054 2 0.054 2 0.054 2 0.054 2 0.054 2 0.054 2 0.054 2 0.054 2 0.313 265 0.054 2 0.054 2 0.054 2 0.313 265 0.054 2 0.054 2 0.054 2 0.313 265 0.313 265 0.054 2 0.313 265 0.313 265 0.313 265 0.054 2 0.313 265 0.054 2 7/15/2011 10:00 7/15/2011 10:29 0.119 205 0.313 265 0.054 2 0.054 2 7/27/2011 3:10 7/27/2011 16:08 0.276 102 0.054 2 0.054 2 0.313 265 0.054 2 0.313 265 0.054 2 0.313 265 0.313 265 0.313 265

Loading Inte rval Start

End

4/15/11 21:30 4/20/11 3:30 4/21/11 20:10 4/22/11 17:10 4/23/11 7:30 4/26/11 3:00 4/28/11 12:30 4/30/11 3:40 5/5/11 2:50 5/8/11 14:30 5/9/11 6:40 5/11/11 10:20 5/12/11 10:00 5/14/11 9:50 5/20/11 11:40 5/21/11 11:40 5/22/11 2:20 5/22/11 11:30 5/23/11 3:20 5/25/11 5:10 5/27/11 17:30 5/28/11 0:10 5/28/11 0:10 5/30/11 9:10 5/30/11 21:40 6/2/11 9:10 6/3/11 10:50 6/4/11 8:10 6/4/11 23:10 6/5/11 7:00 6/6/11 4:40 6/7/11 6:50 6/8/11 9:10 6/9/11 6:50 6/10/11 2:40 6/10/11 19:50 6/11/11 9:00 6/12/11 8:10 6/13/11 7:30 6/14/11 17:50 6/15/11 3:00 6/15/11 16:20 6/16/11 8:10 6/17/11 7:50 6/18/11 12:20 6/18/11 14:10 6/19/11 6:40 6/20/11 8:50 6/21/11 2:50 6/21/11 14:40 6/22/11 7:00 6/24/11 9:10 6/25/11 1:10 6/26/11 7:50 6/27/11 8:20 6/28/11 6:50 6/29/11 8:00 6/30/11 7:50 7/1/11 7:00 7/1/11 19:30 7/2/11 8:50 7/3/11 6:50 7/4/11 7:50 7/5/11 5:20 7/6/11 8:00 7/7/11 7:40 7/9/11 9:30 7/10/11 5:50 7/10/11 22:50 7/12/11 7:30 7/14/11 6:50 7/15/11 6:50 7/16/11 4:10 7/18/11 15:10 7/19/11 7:30 7/22/11 7:30 7/23/11 9:10 7/23/11 22:00 7/24/11 7:00 7/26/11 10:40 7/27/11 0:10 7/29/11 8:20 7/30/11 8:30 7/30/11 22:50 7/31/11 6:30 8/1/11 7:30 8/1/11 13:30 8/1/11 13:30 8/2/11 5:10 8/2/11 8:20

4/16/11 14:00 4/20/11 15:10 4/22/11 2:00 4/22/11 23:50 4/23/11 11:50 4/27/11 13:00 4/28/11 21:10 4/30/11 17:30 5/5/11 18:00 5/9/11 4:20 5/9/11 10:30 5/11/11 14:30 5/12/11 15:00 5/14/11 18:30 5/21/11 11:30 5/22/11 2:10 5/22/11 11:20 5/23/11 3:10 5/23/11 14:20 5/25/11 6:30 5/28/11 0:00 5/28/11 23:20 5/28/11 9:30 5/30/11 20:30 5/31/11 7:30 6/2/11 18:00 6/3/11 20:40 6/4/11 15:40 6/14/11 23:50 6/5/11 15:20 6/7/11 4:20 6/7/11 15:50 6/8/11 10:30 6/9/11 19:10 6/10/11 19:40 6/11/11 8:50 6/12/11 8:00 6/13/11 7:20 6/14/11 17:40 6/15/11 2:50 6/15/11 16:10 6/16/11 1:20 6/16/11 18:40 6/17/11 18:00 6/18/11 11:10 6/19/11 6:20 6/19/11 22:40 6/20/11 20:30 6/21/11 14:30 6/22/11 6:50 6/23/11 13:10 6/24/11 18:40 6/25/11 16:50 6/26/11 17:40 6/27/11 19:30 6/28/11 21:00 6/29/11 22:20 6/30/11 19:40 7/1/11 19:20 7/2/11 1:40 7/2/11 20:00 7/3/11 18:10 7/4/11 22:20 7/5/11 23:50 7/6/11 17:50 7/8/11 18:30 7/9/11 16:30 7/10/11 22:00 7/11/11 21:00 7/14/11 5:00 7/14/11 17:40 7/16/11 2:10 7/17/11 4:50 7/18/11 16:20 7/19/11 14:30 7/22/11 11:30 7/23/11 21:50 7/24/11 6:50 7/25/11 12:20 7/26/11 17:10 7/27/11 16:10 7/29/11 13:40 7/30/11 15:40 7/31/11 0:50 7/31/11 7:00 8/1/11 8:00 8/1/11 12:10 8/1/11 18:40 8/2/11 7:00 8/2/11 10:30

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring ReportÂ

109

Inte rval Volume (cf) 3,208.0 4,064.0 3,461.0 4,130.0 483.0 86,670.0 2,835.0 30,308.0 8,761.0 5,435.0 24,089.0 479.0 5,840.0 729.0 67,664.0 21,283.0 14,114.0 18,805.0 3,958.0 64.0 2,740.0 2,096.0 9,351.0 2,200.0 861.0 2,228.0 2,705.0 508.0 28.0 1,973.0 7,445.0 1,231.0 530.0 2,543.0 10,369.0 7,922.0 2,361.0 2,032.0 4,057.0 49,262.0 24,611.0 3,055.0 1,139.0 1,613.0 11,915.0 11,603.0 5,534.0 2,226.0 34,297.0 28,395.0 22,406.0 1,222.0 2,400.0 2,286.0 1,028.0 2,061.0 2,254.0 3,347.0 3,857.0 8,722.0 3,163.0 3,595.0 1,370.0 1,967.0 802.0 5,983.0 579.0 34,455.0 62,767.0 4,300.0 8,555.0 63,551.0 429,257.0 10.0 98,410.0 1,700.0 5,251.0 25,631.0 4,798.0 2,545.0 22,610.0 2,428.0 3,199.0 36,708.0 2,100.0 382.0 1,132.0 281,489.0 6,931.0 986.0

Inte rval TP (lb) 0.063 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.01 0.99 0.06 0.59 0.17 0.11 0.56 0.01 0.11 0.01 2.20 0.42 0.28 0.37 0.08 0.00 0.05 0.04 0.18 0.04 0.02 0.008 0.009 0.002 0.0001 0.007 0.15 0.004 0.002 0.009 0.20 0.15 0.008 0.007 0.014 1.41 0.48 0.06 0.004 0.005 0.23 0.039 0.11 0.008 0.67 0.55 0.44 0.004 0.008 0.008 0.003 0.007 0.008 0.011 0.013 0.17 0.011 0.012 0.005 0.04 0.003 0.020 0.002 0.67 1.23 0.014 0.17 1.24 8.39 0.000 1.92 0.006 0.04 0.50 0.016 0.009 0.39 0.008 0.011 0.72 0.007 0.01 0.004 5.50 0.14 0.00

Inte rval TSS (lb) 53 67 57 68 8 411 47 501 145 90 1,396 8 97 12 1,326 352 233 311 65 1 45 35 155 36 14 0.3 0.34 0.06 0.003 0.25 123 0.15 0.07 0.32 172 131 0.29 0.25 0.51 471 407 51 0.14 0.20 197 1.45 92 0.28 567 470 371 0.15 0.30 0.29 0.13 0.26 0.28 0.42 0.48 144 0.39 0.45 0.17 33 0.10 0.75 0.07 570 1,038 0.54 142 1,051 7,101 0.00 1,628 0.21 67 424 0.60 0.32 144 0.30 0.40 607 0.26 6 0.14 4,657 115 16

Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Storm Storm Storm Illicit Discharge Storm Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Storm Storm Illicit Discharge Storm Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Storm Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Storm Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Storm Storm Storm Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Storm Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Storm Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Illicit Discharge Storm Illicit Discharge Storm Flow-Weighted Average Illicit Discharge Flow-Weighted Average T otal Flow-Weighted Average

0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.313 0.313 0.313 0.054 0.313 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.313 0.313 0.054 0.313 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.313 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.313 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.313 0.313 0.313 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.313 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.313 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.313 0.054 0.318 0.053 0.295

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 265 265 265 2 265 2 2 2 265 265 2 265 2 2 2 265 2 2 2 2 265 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 265 265 265 2 2 2 2 265 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 265 2 2 2 2 265 2 261 2 238

8/4/11 10:10 8/5/11 8:20 8/6/11 9:50 8/7/11 7:30 8/8/11 7:50 8/9/11 7:30 8/10/11 8:20 8/11/11 6:40 8/12/11 7:10 8/13/11 2:10 8/13/11 15:50 8/14/11 6:30 8/15/11 8:30 8/16/11 19:00 8/17/11 7:00 8/18/11 8:10 8/19/11 7:30 8/20/11 7:30 8/21/11 7:40 8/22/11 8:20 8/23/11 5:50 8/24/11 8:30 8/26/11 7:50 8/27/11 7:40 8/28/11 6:20 8/29/11 7:40 8/30/11 8:00 8/31/11 8:00 9/2/11 9:10 9/3/11 4:10 9/4/11 8:00 9/5/11 8:50 9/6/11 9:10 9/7/11 6:40 9/9/11 8:00 9/9/11 18:50 9/10/11 8:20 9/11/11 6:00 9/12/11 7:40 9/13/11 7:50 9/14/11 8:50 9/15/11 7:50 9/16/11 8:10 9/17/11 8:00 9/18/11 5:00 9/21/11 3:30 9/22/11 0:10 9/23/11 7:40 9/25/11 6:50 9/26/11 7:50 9/26/11 11:10 9/27/11 8:20 9/28/11 8:00 9/29/11 9:30 9/30/11 7:50 10/1/11 9:40 10/2/11 8:50 10/3/11 9:50 10/4/11 11:10 10/5/11 9:30 10/6/11 9:00 10/7/11 9:20 10/8/11 8:50 10/9/11 5:10 10/10/11 7:20 10/10/11 18:00 10/11/11 9:30 10/11/11 23:50 10/12/11 9:30 10/18/11 11:40 10/23/11 4:30 10/27/11 9:50

8/4/11 13:00 8/5/11 9:50 8/6/11 14:00 8/7/11 8:00 8/8/11 11:50 8/9/11 10:50 8/10/11 13:20 8/11/11 7:10 8/12/11 7:30 8/13/11 8:00 8/13/11 17:20 8/14/11 15:10 8/16/11 10:20 8/16/11 22:10 8/17/11 8:10 8/18/11 11:10 8/19/11 10:20 8/20/11 12:00 8/21/11 9:00 8/22/11 14:50 8/23/11 8:30 8/24/11 15:30 8/26/11 16:30 8/27/11 7:40 8/28/11 7:10 8/29/11 12:30 8/30/11 10:10 8/31/11 12:40 9/3/11 3:20 9/3/11 8:30 9/4/11 13:50 9/5/11 15:40 9/6/11 14:50 9/7/11 10:30 9/9/11 13:50 9/9/11 20:10 9/10/11 15:30 9/11/11 18:00 9/12/11 12:30 9/13/11 12:30 9/14/11 13:50 9/15/11 11:40 9/16/11 10:40 9/17/11 8:00 9/18/11 17:20 9/21/11 14:10 9/22/11 11:20 9/23/11 8:00 9/25/11 10:00 9/26/11 8:30 9/26/11 13:40 9/27/11 16:20 9/28/11 10:10 9/29/11 12:30 9/30/11 13:10 10/1/11 16:50 10/2/11 8:50 10/3/11 14:50 10/4/11 15:40 10/5/11 15:20 10/6/11 12:50 10/7/11 14:30 10/8/11 22:50 10/9/11 18:20 10/10/11 17:50 10/11/11 8:20 10/11/11 23:10 10/12/11 9:00 10/12/11 12:30 10/18/11 13:10 10/23/11 5:30 10/27/11 10:40 Storm Subtotal Illicit Discharge Subtotal T otal

520.0 2,588.0 619.0 1,972.0 1,276.0 530.0 1,487.0 1,550.0 225.0 42,704.0 4,695.0 3,440.0 10,120.0 92,845.0 1,432.0 906.0 326.0 2,168.0 1,455.0 2,084.0 1,888.0 1,862.0 2,242.0 944.0 1,300.0 1,745.0 854.0 1,617.0 2,042.0 3,597.0 1,517.0 2,636.0 1,526.0 1,600.0 1,776.0 82.0 1,364.0 3,067.0 1,518.0 970.0 1,387.0 820.0 984.0 346.0 5,525.0 4,331.0 2,167.0 22.0 358.0 716.0 379.0 1,157.0 234.0 667.0 1,679.0 2,270.0 26.0 735.0 1,057.0 2,209.0 802.0 911.0 1,670.0 3,206.0 892.0 2,423.0 1,208.0 505.0 505.0 183.0 382.0 452.0 1,786,588 172,241 1,958,829

0.002 0.009 0.002 0.007 0.004 0.002 0.005 0.005 0.001 0.83 0.09 0.07 0.034 1.81 0.005 0.003 0.001 0.04 0.03 0.007 0.04 0.006 0.008 0.003 0.03 0.006 0.003 0.005 0.007 0.07 0.005 0.009 0.005 0.005 0.006 0.000 0.005 0.010 0.005 0.003 0.005 0.003 0.003 0.001 0.11 0.08 0.04 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.02 0.001 0.002 0.006 0.008 0.0001 0.002 0.004 0.007 0.003 0.003 0.006 0.011 0.003 0.05 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.01 0.002 35 0.574 36

0.06 0.32 0.08 0.25 0.16 0.07 0.19 0.19 0.03 706 78 57 1.26 1,536 0.18 0.11 0.04 36 24 0.26 31 0.23 0.28 0.12 22 0.22 0.11 0.20 0.25 60 0.19 0.33 0.19 0.20 0.22 0.01 0.17 0.38 0.19 0.12 0.17 0.10 0.12 0.04 91 72 36 0.00 0.04 0.09 0.05 19 0.03 0.08 0.21 0.28 0.003 0.09 0.13 0.28 0.10 0.11 0.21 0.40 0.11 40 0.15 0.06 0.06 0.02 6 0.1 29,143 21 29,164

Note: Italics indicate estimated concentrations based on average storm flow concentrations. Average storm TP = 0.313 mg/L, TSS = 265 mg/L. Average illicit discharge TP = 0.054 mg/L, TSS = 2 mg/L

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring ReportÂ

110

Golf Course Pond Outlet Storm Storm Grab 4/26/2011 9:25 4/26/2011 Storm Storm Storm Storm Composite 5/21/2011 1:18 5/21/2011 Storm Storm Storm Storm Composite 6/14/2011 21:16 6/16/2011 Storm Storm Storm Storm Storm Storm Storm Storm Storm Composite 7/27/2011 5:28 7/28/2011 Storm Storm Storm Storm Composite 10/12/2011 16:07 10/13/2011 Golf Course Pond T otal Flow-Weighted Average Como 7 Subwatershed Storm Flow - Weighted Average Como 7 Subwatershed Illicit Discharge Flow - Weighted Average Como 7 Subwatershed T otal Flow - Weighted Average

9:25

12:13

9:18

10:32

21:10

0.224 0.144 0.224 0.224 0.224 0.114 0.224 0.224 0.224 0.206 0.224 0.224 0.224 0.224 0.224 0.224 0.224 0.224 0.119 0.224 0.224 0.224 0.300 0.207 0.220 0.053 0.218

27 89 27 27 27 24 27 27 27 5 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 10 27 27 27 17 28 56 2 56

4/12/11 16:40 4/26/11 4:20 4/30/11 7:20 5/9/11 7:10 5/12/11 10:30 5/20/11 20:50 5/28/11 1:10 5/30/11 18:10 6/10/11 5:40 6/14/11 18:40 6/18/11 0:40 6/18/11 14:10 6/21/11 3:50 7/1/11 20:30 7/10/11 6:00 7/15/11 10:30 7/19/11 10:00 7/23/11 11:10 7/27/11 2:40 8/1/11 14:20 8/13/11 2:40 8/16/11 19:10 10/12/11 12:50

4/26/11 4:10 4/30/11 7:10 5/9/11 7:00 5/12/11 10:20 5/20/11 20:40 5/28/11 1:00 5/30/11 18:00 6/10/11 5:30 6/14/11 18:30 6/18/11 0:30 6/18/11 14:00 6/21/11 3:40 7/1/11 20:20 7/10/11 5:50 7/15/11 10:20 7/19/11 9:50 7/23/11 11:00 7/27/11 2:30 8/1/11 14:10 8/13/11 2:30 8/16/11 19:00 10/12/11 12:40 11/3/11 11:00 Golf Course Pond T otal Como 7 Subwatershed Storm T otal Como 7 Subwatershed Illicit Discharge T otal Como 7 Subwatershed T otal

Note: Italics indicate estimated concentrations based on average storm flow concentrations. Average storm T P = 0.224 mg/L, T SS = 27 mg/L.

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39,551 696,878 284,209 306,130 29,208 1,176,036 99,331 23,270 84,621 588,373 15,178 117,349 678,111 86,795 744,359 2,944,760 753,604 491,524 498,584 1,315,728 521,222 1,136,592 328,402 12,959,815 14,746,403 172,241 14,918,644

0.55 6.26 3.97 4.28 0.41 8.37 1.39 0.33 1.18 7.57 0.21 1.64 9.48 1.21 10.41 41.18 10.54 6.87 3.70 18.40 7.29 15.89 6.15 167 202.8 0.6 203.4

67 3,872 479 516 49 1,762 167 39 143 184 26 198 1,143 146 1,255 4,963 1,270 828 311 2,218 879 1,916 349 22,779 51,921 21 51,943

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Table 29. 2011 East Kittsondale Laboratory Data. Sample Type Base Grab Base Grab Base Grab Base Grab Base Grab Base Composite Base Grab Base Composite Base Grab Base Grab Base Grab Base Grab Base Grab Base Grab Base Composite Base Composite Base Grab Base Composite Base Grab Base Composite Base Grab Base Composite Base Grab Base Composite Base Grab Base Grab Base Grab

Storm Grab Storm Composite Storm Grab Storm Composite Storm Composite Storm Composite Storm Grab Storm Composite Storm Composite Storm Composite Storm Grab Storm Composite Storm Composite Storm Composite Storm Composite Storm Composite

1 1.8 1 1 1 1 1.2 1 1.1 1 1 1 1 34 1 3.3

Surfactants mg/L 0.1 0.1 0.1

Fl mg/L 0.192 0.0366 0.5495 0.259

K mg/L 3.84 2.5 4 3.4

E. coli mpn/100mL 26 51 7 579 1,120 199 249 285 73 186 121 308 816 52 120 22,600 24 1,577

7.9 14 5.6 5 4.2 3 4.1 3.7 3.3 40 9.1 5.6 40.0 1.0 1.2

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

0.259 0.550 0.037 0.192

3.4 4.0 2.5 3.8

461 816 4,100 12,200 4,394 2,114 12,200 7 186

Sampling Start Date / Time 1/5/2011 10:25 2/11/2011 10:30 3/7/2011 10:15 5/2/2011 11:10 5/17/2011 9:20 5/17/2011 10:37 6/6/2011 11:00 6/6/2011 11:24 6/30/2011 8:50 7/13/2011 8:55 8/4/2011 10:10 8/5/2011 9:15 8/18/2011 8:45 9/6/2011 9:10 9/6/2011 9:37 9/6/2011 14:29 9/22/2011 9:30 9/22/2011 10:08 10/4/2011 9:00 10/4/2011 9:20 10/20/2011 9:05 10/20/2011 9:30 10/31/2011 9:20 10/31/2011 9:44 11/7/2011 9:50 11/22/2011 9:15 12/6/2011 9:50

Sampling End Date / Time 1/5/2011 10:25 2/11/2011 10:30 3/7/2011 10:15 5/2/2011 11:10 5/17/2011 9:20 5/18/2011 8:46 6/6/2011 11:00 6/7/2011 9:17 6/30/2011 8:50 7/13/2011 8:55 8/4/2011 10:10 8/5/2011 9:15 8/18/2011 8:45 9/6/2011 9:10 9/6/2011 14:13 9/7/2011 9:36 9/22/2011 9:30 9/23/2011 8:37 10/4/2011 9:00 10/5/2011 3:05 10/20/2011 9:05 10/20/2011 21:35 10/31/2011 9:20 11/1/2011 8:54 11/7/2011 9:50 11/22/2011 9:15 12/6/2011 9:50 Base Average

Ortho-P mg/L 0.027 0.011 0.007 0.038 0.029 0.009 0.025 0.027 0.041 0.09 0.02 0.016 0.018 0.011 0.014 0.007 0.112 0.426 0.013 0.050

Cl mg/L 733 398 2,113 517 478 416 397 404 408 353 264 329 338 260 183 370 347 1,461 589 545

Cd mg/L 0.001 0.001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0003

Cr mg/L 0.01 0.01 0.001 0.00058 0.00058 0.00055 0.00086 0.00062 0.00071 0.00081 0.0061 0.00067 0.00063 0.00061 0.001 0.0019 0.00029 0.0024 0.00037 0.0021

Cu mg/L 0.01 0.01 0.0048 0.0024 0.002 0.0029 0.0024 0.0022 0.002 0.0029 0.0133 0.0019 0.0027 0.0021 0.0032 0.0035 0.0013 0.0128 0.0012 0.0044

Pb mg/L 0.003 0.003 0.0004 0.0001 0.0019 0.0029 0.0011 0.00035 0.00022 0.00037 0.0147 0.00086 0.0018 0.0015 0.0044 0.00056 0.00013 0.0055 0.0001 0.0023

Ni mg/L 0.02 0.02 0.0021 0.0016 0.0018 0.0015 0.0017 0.0018 0.0016 0.002 0.0045 0.0017 0.0019 0.0018 0.0015 0.012 0.0016 0.0031 0.0017 0.0044

Zn mg/L 0.02 0.02 0.0192 0.0101 0.0124 0.0233 0.0089 0.0098 0.0137 0.0081 0.0868 0.0077 0.0208 0.0103 0.0152 0.0117 0.0019 0.0427 0.0038 0.0182

NH3 mg/L 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.06 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.21 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.04

TKN mg/L 0.57 0.61 0.8 0.72 0.52 0.72 0.43 0.67 0.59 0.72 1.3 0.94 0.64 0.58 0.84 0.14 0.6 1.8 0.41 0.7

TP mg/L 0.034 0.011 0.023 0.043 0.029 0.042 0.036 0.039 0.04 0.094 0.244 0.046 0.032 0.031 0.036 0.026 0.01 0.579 0.02 0.074

NO3 mg/L 2.05 1.83 1.57 2.61 2.57 2.6 2.09 2.36 2.66 3.02 2.1 2.54 2.23 2.04 1.53 2.28 2.22 1.16 2.1 2.19

NO2 mg/L 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.09 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.04

TDS mg/L 1,630 1,060 3,560 1,230 1,260 586 983 1,020 1,080 1,040 777 1,010 953 829 607 999 987 2,640 1,420 1,246

TSS mg/L 1 1 2 1 2 6 8 2 3 21 102 6 5 6 25 63 11 9 4 15

VSS mg/L 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 10 19 1 1 1 4 16 1 6 1 4

Hardness mg/L 552 504 540 560 532 472 452 464 468 480 360 424 440 420 336 536 484 500 560 478

cBOD mg/L -

4/26/2011 9:25 5/9/2011 6:55 5/9/2011 9:00 5/20/2011 18:15 5/21/2011 1:28 6/14/2011 18:04 6/15/2011 9:00 7/10/2011 5:40 7/10/2011 22:59 7/15/2011 9:55 7/15/2011 10:00 7/19/2011 12:06 7/27/2011 3:01 7/30/2011 23:23 8/1/2011 13:42 10/12/2011 12:44

4/26/2011 9:25 5/9/2011 8:57 5/9/2011 9:00 5/20/2011 21:01 5/21/2011 6:29 6/14/2011 20:34 6/15/2011 9:00 7/10/2011 8:17 7/10/2011 23:37 7/15/2011 13:09 7/15/2011 10:00 7/19/2011 15:04 7/27/2011 4:50 7/31/2011 1:01 8/1/2011 17:58 10/12/2011 21:10 Storm Average Annual Average Annual Maximum Annual Minimum Annual Median

0.043 0.047 0.059 0.057 0.039 0.044 0.025 0.039 0.013 0.294 0.066 0.055 0.426 0.007 0.027

9 8 43 10 11 7 2 5 10 11 14 6 13 11 328 2,113 2 297

0.0003 0.0004 0.00024 0.00026 0.0002 0.00037 0.00036 0.00021 0.00022 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.00034 0.0003 0.0003 0.0010 0.0002 0.0002

0.0149 0.0154 0.0108 0.0092 0.0109 0.0073 0.0084 0.0099 0.0068 0.0045 0.0057 0.0076 0.0139 0.0096 0.0052 0.0154 0.0003 0.0035

0.0424 0.0405 0.0372 0.024 0.0226 0.0329 0.0361 0.0215 0.0204 0.0185 0.0213 0.0192 0.0442 0.0293 0.0145 0.0442 0.0012 0.0100

0.0411 0.0455 0.019 0.0341 0.019 0.0413 0.0522 0.0277 0.0304 0.0243 0.0292 0.025 0.0471 0.0335 0.0150 0.0522 0.0001 0.0037

0.0061 0.0084 0.0068 0.005 0.0051 0.0062 0.0067 0.0044 0.0041 0.0039 0.004 0.0036 0.0072 0.0055 0.0049 0.0200 0.0015 0.0038

0.206 0.209 0.17 0.138 0.122 0.171 0.166 0.12 0.104 0.117 0.131 0.095 0.197 0.1497 0.0716 0.2090 0.0019 0.0221

0.13 0.49 0.34 0.21 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.17 0.52 0.14 0.19 0.14 0.02 0.22 0.11 0.52 0.02 0.05

1 2.7 3.4 2.1 3.4 1.9 1.4 0.76 2 1.5 1.5 1.1 2.7 2.0 1.2 3.4 0.1 0.8

0.222 0.473 0.436 0.329 0.46 0.337 0.315 0.102 0.229 0.245 0.22 0.177 0.783 0.333 0.166 0.783 0.010 0.045

0.1 0.36 0.14 0.34 0.14 0.28 0.23 0.36 0.44 0.42 0.42 0.35 0.05 0.28 1.41 3.02 0.05 1.70

0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.09 0.03 0.03

58 51 164 80 47 60 47 55 48 66 72 42 172 74 770 3,560 42 803

246 420 156 229 169 384 639 133 139 220 261 126 280 262 117 639 1 16

66 120 70 78 70 82 147 34 29 100 71 35 103 77 34 147 1 8

56 52 72 68 60 52 44 36 36 44 40 36 76 52 305 560 36 422

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 113

number is approximate (~) actual value is less than number (<) missing data not collected

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 114

F Figure 40. 2011 1 East Kittsondaale Level, Veloccity, and Dischaarge.

Capitol Region R Watersh hed District 20111 Monitoring ReeportÂ 115

F Figure 41. 2011 1 East Kittsondaale Level, Disch harge, and Rain.

Capitol Region R Watersh hed District 20111 Monitoring ReeportÂ 116

Table 30. 2011 East Kittsondale Loading. Sample Type Base Grab Base Grab Base Grab Storm Base Storm Grab Base Storm Base Grab Storm Base Storm Composite Base Composite Storm Composite Storm Composite Storm Storm Storm Base Storm Base Composite Storm Composite Storm Base Storm Storm Base Storm Storm Storm Storm Storm Base Grab Storm

Sample Colle ction Time TP (mg/L) TSS (mg/L) Start End Date End Time Start Date Time 1/5/2011 10:25 1/5/2011 10:25 0.034 1 2/11/2011 10:30 2/11/2011 10:30 0.022 1 3/7/2011 10:15 3/7/2011 10:15 0.023 2 0.333 262 0.074 15 4/26/2011 9:25 4/26/2011 9:25 0.222 246 0.074 15 0.333 262 5/2/2011 11:10 5/2/2011 11:10 0.043 1 0.333 262 0.074 15 5/9/2011 6:55 5/9/2011 8:57 0.473 420 5/17/2011 10:37 5/18/2011 8:46 0.029 2 5/20/2011 18:15 5/20/2011 21:01 0.436 156 5/21/2011 1:28 5/21/2011 6:29 0.329 229 0.333 262 0.333 262 0.333 262 0.074 15 0.333 262 6/6/2011 11:24 6/7/2011 9:17 0.042 6 6/14/2011 18:04 6/14/2011 20:34 0.460 169 0.333 262 0.074 15 0.333 262 0.333 262 0.074 15 0.333 262 0.333 262 0.333 262 0.333 262 0.333 262 6/30/2011 8:50 6/30/2011 8:50 0.036 8 0.333 262

Loading Inte rval Start 1/1/11 0:00 2/1/11 17:15 3/1/11 11:00 3/22/11 3:30 3/23/11 10:45 4/26/11 2:20 4/27/11 18:30 4/30/11 3:10 5/1/11 12:30 5/8/11 14:20 5/8/11 21:20 5/9/11 6:40 5/9/11 19:00 5/20/11 11:30 5/20/11 23:40 5/21/11 11:40 5/22/11 2:10 5/22/11 9:30 5/23/11 16:50 5/27/11 23:50 5/28/11 13:00 6/14/11 17:40 6/15/11 4:00 6/16/11 2:00 6/18/11 0:10 6/18/11 14:20 6/19/11 5:20 6/21/11 2:50 6/21/11 14:10 6/21/11 22:00 6/22/11 5:50 6/22/11 19:30 6/23/11 13:50 7/1/11 20:20

End 2/1/11 17:00 3/1/11 10:45 3/22/11 3:15 3/23/11 10:30 4/26/11 2:10 4/27/11 18:20 4/30/11 3:00 5/1/11 12:20 5/8/11 14:10 5/8/11 21:10 5/9/11 6:30 5/9/11 18:50 5/20/11 11:20 5/20/11 23:30 5/21/11 11:30 5/22/11 2:00 5/22/11 9:20 5/23/11 16:40 5/27/11 23:40 5/28/11 12:50 6/14/11 17:30 6/15/11 3:50 6/16/11 1:50 6/18/11 0:00 6/18/11 14:10 6/19/11 5:10 6/21/11 2:40 6/21/11 14:00 6/21/11 21:50 6/22/11 5:40 6/22/11 19:20 6/23/11 13:40 7/1/11 20:10 7/2/11 7:10

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Inte rval Volume (cf) 1,330,240 4,027,880 5,776,980 1,665,780 6,109,840 2,971,910 361,549 1,210,620 838,888 271,212 31,848 996,935 1,016,670 416,310 1,831,250 723,181 507,273 923,170 531,324 434,037 2,087,330 1,444,730 1,131,850 179,261 896,755 558,598 189,631 978,461 1,044,250 522,691 693,470 519,813 840,828 354,914

Inte rval TP (lb) 2.82 5.53 8.29 34.63 28.22 41.19 1.67 25.17 2.25 5.64 0.15 29.44 1.84 11.33 37.61 15.03 10.55 19.19 2.45 9.02 5.47 41.49 23.53 0.83 18.64 11.61 0.88 20.34 21.71 10.87 14.42 10.81 1.89 7.38

Inte rval TSS (lb) 83 251 721 27,245 5,721 45,639 339 19,800 52 4,436 30 26,139 127 4,054 26,179 11,828 8,297 15,099 498 7,099 782 15,242 18,512 168 14,667 9,136 178 16,003 17,079 8,549 11,342 8,502 420 5,805

Base Storm Composite 7/10/2011 Base Storm Composite 7/10/2011 Base Grab 7/13/2011 Base Storm Storm Composite 7/15/2011 Storm Base Storm Composite 7/19/2011 Base Storm Base Storm Composite 7/27/2011 Base Storm Composite 7/30/2011 Base Storm Composite 8/1/2011 Base Grab 8/5/2011 Storm Base Storm Base Grab 8/18/2011 Base Composite 9/6/2011 Base Composite 9/6/2011 Base Composite 9/22/2011 Base Composite 10/4/2011 Storm Composite 10/12/2011 Base Composite 10/20/2011 Base Composite 10/31/2011 Base Grab 11/7/2011 Base Grab 11/22/2011 12/6/2011 Base Grab Storm Flow-Weighted Average Base Flow-Weighted Average T otal Flow-Weighted Average

5:40

7/10/2011

8:17

22:59 8:55

7/10/2011 7/13/2011

23:37 8:55

9:55

7/15/2011

13:09

12:06

7/19/2011

15:04

3:01

7/27/2011

4:50

23:23

7/31/2011

1:01

13:42 9:15

8/1/2011 8/5/2011

17:58 9:15

8:45 8/18/2011 9:37 9/6/2011 14:29 9/7/2011 10:08 9/23/2011 9:20 10/5/2011 12:44 10/12/2011 9:30 10/20/2011 9:44 11/1/2011 9:50 11/7/2011 9:15 11/22/2011 9:50 12/6/2011

8:45 14:13 9:36 8:37 3:05 21:10 21:35 8:54 9:50 9:15 9:50

0.074 0.337 0.074 0.315 0.039 0.074 0.333 0.102 0.333 0.074 0.229 0.074 0.333 0.074 0.245 0.074 0.220 0.074 0.177 0.040 0.333 0.074 0.333 0.094 0.244 0.046 0.032 0.031 0.783 0.036 0.026 0.010 0.579 0.020 0.316 0.066 0.186

15 384 15 639 2 15 262 133 262 15 139 15 262 15 220 15 261 15 126 3 262 15 262 21 102 6 5 6 280 25 63 11 9 4 243 10 122

7/2/11 7:20 7/10/11 5:10 7/10/11 15:10 7/10/11 22:50 7/11/11 14:40 7/14/11 10:00 7/14/11 18:50 7/15/11 9:40 7/16/11 4:20 7/17/11 6:30 7/19/11 11:50 7/20/11 7:00 7/23/11 22:30 7/24/11 15:20 7/27/11 2:00 7/27/11 16:20 7/30/11 22:40 7/31/11 13:00 8/1/11 13:10 8/3/11 3:50 8/13/11 2:40 8/14/11 1:10 8/16/11 19:10 8/17/11 10:20 9/1/11 6:30 9/6/11 14:30 9/20/11 1:50 10/1/11 10:20 10/12/11 12:20 10/13/11 2:30 10/25/11 3:50 11/4/11 19:00 11/15/11 12:00 12/1/11 13:00

7/10/11 5:00 7/10/11 15:00 7/10/11 22:40 7/11/11 14:30 7/14/11 9:50 7/14/11 18:40 7/15/11 9:30 7/16/11 4:10 7/17/11 6:20 7/19/11 11:40 7/20/11 6:50 7/23/11 22:20 7/24/11 15:10 7/27/11 1:50 7/27/11 16:10 7/30/11 22:30 7/31/11 12:50 8/1/11 13:00 8/3/11 3:40 8/13/11 2:30 8/14/11 1:00 8/16/11 19:00 8/17/11 10:10 9/1/11 6:20 9/6/11 14:20 9/20/11 1:40 10/1/11 10:10 10/12/11 12:10 10/13/11 2:20 10/25/11 3:40 11/4/11 18:50 11/15/11 11:45 12/1/11 12:45 12/31/11 23:50 Storm Subtotal Base Subtotal T otal

825,533 910,218 1,220,730 35,082 266,441 66,218 344,576 2,064,500 3,651,660 314,179 1,481,640 552,683 856,513 292,833 669,586 443,784 723,836 161,288 1,747,340 1,623,660 818,652 303,611 2,390,520 1,633,890 503,120 1,371,130 1,018,870 754,480 877,628 616,404 411,070 435,696 1,274,400 2,201,410 36,668,961 39,613,699 76,282,660

3.81 19.15 5.64 0.69 0.65 0.31 7.16 13.15 75.91 1.45 21.18 2.55 17.81 1.35 10.24 2.05 9.94 0.75 19.31 4.05 17.02 1.40 49.69 9.59 7.66 3.94 2.04 1.46 42.90 1.39 0.67 0.27 46.06 2.75 724 162 886

773 21,819 1,143 1,399 33 62 5,636 17,141 59,725 294 12,857 518 14,009 274 9,196 416 11,794 151 13,744 304 13,390 284 39,099 2,142 3,204 514 318 283 15,340 962 1,617 299 716 550 555,801 24,225 580,026

Note: Italics indicate estimated concentrations based on average base and storm flow concentrations. Average base T P = 0.074 mg/L, T SS = 15 mg/L; average storm T P = 0.333 mg/L, T SS = 262 mg/L.

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Table 31. 2011 Phalen Creek Laboratory Data. Sample Type Base Grab Base Grab Base Grab Base Grab Base Grab Base Grab Base Grab Base Grab Base Grab Base Grab Base Grab Base Grab Base Grab Base Grab Base Grab Base Composite Base Grab Base Grab Base Composite Base Grab Base Grab Base Grab Base Grab Base Grab Base Grab Base Grab Base Grab

Snowmelt Grab Snowmelt Grab Snowmelt Grab Snowmelt Grab Snowmelt Grab Snowmelt Grab Storm Grab Storm Grab Storm Grab Storm Grab Storm Grab Storm Grab

Sampling Start Date / Time 1/5/2011 11:15 2/11/2011 10:53 2/23/2011 15:43 3/7/2011 11:00 5/2/2011 10:25 5/17/2011 9:55 5/19/2011 15:30 6/6/2011 10:30 6/30/2011 9:20 7/13/2011 9:15 8/2/2011 11:15 8/4/2011 10:30 8/5/2011 9:30 8/18/2011 10:20 9/6/2011 11:00 9/6/2011 11:04 9/23/2011 10:00 10/4/2011 11:15 10/4/2011 11:40 10/6/2011 11:00 10/20/2011 11:35 10/21/2011 12:15 10/31/2011 12:05 10/31/2011 14:45 11/7/2011 11:30 11/22/2011 12:10 12/6/2011 12:50

Sampling End Date / Time 1/5/2011 11:15 2/11/2011 10:53 2/23/2011 15:43 3/7/2011 11:00 5/2/2011 10:25 5/17/2011 9:55 5/19/2011 15:30 6/6/2011 10:30 6/30/2011 9:20 7/13/2011 9:15 8/2/2011 11:15 8/4/2011 10:30 8/5/2011 9:30 8/18/2011 10:20 9/6/2011 11:00 9/7/2011 9:52 9/23/2011 10:00 10/4/2011 11:15 10/4/2011 16:54 10/6/2011 11:00 10/20/2011 11:35 10/21/2011 12:15 10/31/2011 12:05 10/31/2011 14:45 11/7/2011 11:30 11/22/2011 12:10 12/6/2011 12:50 Base Average

2/14/2011 11:38 2/16/2011 14:00 2/17/2011 9:45 2/17/2011 14:52 3/9/2011 15:30 3/15/2011 11:10 3/22/2011 9:30 4/26/2011 9:45 5/9/2011 9:15 6/15/2011 9:20 7/14/2011 10:30 7/15/2011 10:30

2/14/2011 11:38 2/16/2011 14:00 2/17/2011 9:45 2/17/2011 14:52 3/9/2011 15:30 3/15/2011 11:10 3/22/2011 9:30 4/26/2011 9:45 5/9/2011 9:15 6/15/2011 9:20 7/14/2011 10:30 7/15/2011 10:30 Snowmelt Average Storm Average Annual Average Annual Maximum Annual Minimum Annual Median

Ortho-P mg/L 0.026 0.027 0.025 0.033 0.02 0.029 0.028 0.039 0.074 0.039 0.048 0.038 0.039 0.032 0.033 0.019 0.023 0.035 0.031 0.029 0.228 0.032 0.042

Cl mg/L 146 135 1,451 3,309 115 120 129 33 27 145 108 146 138 153 158 140 142 143 144 150 496 195 351

Cd mg/L 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.0003 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.00025 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0003

Cr mg/L 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.0081 0.0012 0.00072 0.00058 0.00036 0.00046 0.00056 0.0010 0.0010 0.00056 0.00057 0.00056 0.00071 0.00069 0.00061 0.00058 0.00052 0.0022 0.00074 0.0024

Cu mg/L 0.01 0.01 0.013 0.0232 0.0023 0.0011 0.00086 0.0012 0.0021 0.00045 0.0022 0.00058 0.0013 0.0006 0.00084 0.0016 0.00082 0.001 0.0014 0.0004 0.0070 0.00089 0.0038

Pb mg/L 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.0081 0.0019 0.0004 0.0001 0.00019 0.0013 0.0001 0.00066 0.0001 0.00012 0.0001 0.00031 0.0013 0.0002 0.00013 0.00085 0.0001 0.0039 0.00025 0.0013

Ni mg/L 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.0041 0.0010 0.00086 0.00061 0.0014 0.002 0.00058 0.00081 0.0005 0.00069 0.0006 0.00051 0.00068 0.00059 0.001 0.0012 0.0006 0.0018 0.00061 0.0036

Zn mg/L 0.02 0.0330 0.1080 0.1030 0.0168 0.0089 0.0075 0.0049 0.0077 0.0070 0.0095 0.0076 0.0064 0.0069 0.0083 0.0216 0.0178 0.0138 0.0030 0.0060 0.0321 0.0077 0.0208

NH3 mg/L 0.03 0.02 0.13 0.39 0.25 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.06

TKN mg/L 0.43 0.35 1 1.8 0.97 0.32 0.26 0.82 0.91 0.37 0.31 0.31 0.44 0.32 0.29 0.5 0.35 0.26 0.03 0.28 1.5 0.33 0.6

TP mg/L 0.039 0.061 0.128 0.148 0.096 0.056 0.057 0.076 0.112 0.051 0.086 0.053 0.072 0.058 0.049 0.059 0.046 0.053 0.053 0.035 0.314 0.061 0.080

NO3 mg/L 1.88 1.88 1.83 1.81 1.83 2.21 2.2 3.05 4.29 2.08 1.91 2.08 2.1 2.17 2.18 2.09 2.34 2.31 2.29 2.21 1.65 2.27 2.21

NO2 mg/L 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.07 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03

TDS mg/L 676 636 2,580 5,200 515 635 662 395 402 628 524 683 605 652 668 609 671 655 655 656 1,200 722 938

TSS mg/L 1 5 40 49 7 3 2 6 20 1 5 1 1 2 1 3 8 2 2 1 10 2 8

VSS mg/L 1 1 17 18 2 2 1 2 5 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 2 1 6 2 3

Hardness mg/L 480 480 404 452 404 460 476 340 312 480 360 480 464 444 464 404 484 476 464 484 490 484 445

cBOD mg/L 1 1 1.1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.9 1 1 1 24 1 2.3

SO4 mg/L -

E. coli mpn/100mL 5 3 185 6 7 26 42 99 148 64 16 16 36 308 20 2 61

0.183 0.205 0.207 0.205 0.092 0.037 0.098 0.063 0.204 0.058 0.067 0.076 0.155 0.094 0.071 0.228 0.019 0.039

1,994 563 707 417 890 205 25 9 26 20 110 7 796 33 373 3,309 7 144

0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.00027 0.0002 0.00022 0.0007 0.0002 0.0004 0.0010 0.0002 0.0002

0.015 0.011 0.01 0.01 0.0099 0.0018 0.0089 0.0086 0.0058 0.0047 0.0084 0.0092 0.0096 0.0076 0.0046 0.0150 0.0004 0.0015

0.045 0.031 0.019 0.017 0.0239 0.0056 0.0200 0.0137 0.0130 0.0143 0.0182 0.0199 0.0236 0.0165 0.0095 0.0450 0.0004 0.0040

0.021 0.022 0.009 0.012 0.021 0.0027 0.0331 0.0215 0.0140 0.0111 0.0052 0.0462 0.0146 0.0219 0.0073 0.0462 0.0001 0.0023

0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.0056 0.0013 0.0051 0.0038 0.0029 0.0027 0.0026 0.0059 0.0145 0.0038 0.0056 0.0200 0.0005 0.0016

0.238 0.167 0.099 0.100 0.124 0.028 0.114 0.0747 0.0631 0.0486 0.0958 0.0961 0.1260 0.0821 0.0502 0.2380 0.0030 0.0208

1.37 0.89 1.08 0.78 0.47 0.06 0.27 0.12 0.45 0.21 0.13 0.26 0.78 0.24 0.22 1.37 0.02 0.06

6.2 3.4 3.1 2.8 3 0.72 1.2 0.85 1.8 1.1 1.5 1.8 3.2 1.4 1.2 6.2 0.0 0.8

0.401 0.46 0.326 0.355 0.317 0.122 0.294 0.208 0.456 0.202 0.167 0.392 0.330 0.287 0.161 0.460 0.035 0.091

1.3 0.66 0.97 0.74 1.08 1.99 0.29 0.15 0.65 0.47 1.86 0.37 1.12 0.63 1.74 4.29 0.15 1.90

0.17 0.1 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.08 0.03 0.09 0.04 0.04 0.17 0.03 0.03

3,360 1,110 1,320 997 1,780 742 83 64 148 109 465 56 1,552 154 908 5,200 56 655

124 104 46 51 76 13 111 108 51 76 30 195 69 95 34 195 1 8

53 40 17 23 30 4 34 34 19 20 18 43 28 28 12 53 1 3

256 132 172 124 228 432 84 44 88 104 324 32 224 113 347 490 32 418

12 1 3.6 4.5 15 4.6 12.1 6.3 6.5 7.7 3.9 24.0 1.0 1.0

23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7

980 921 77 3,100 1,986 1,000 8,400 22,800 40,400 659 12,948 3,226 40,400 2 77

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 119

number is approximate (~) actual value is less than number (<) not collected

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report 120

F Figure 42. 2011 1 Phalen Creek Level, L Velocity y, and Dischargee.

Capitol Region R Watersh hed District 20111 Monitoring ReeportÂ 121

F Figure 43. 2011 1 Phalen Creek Level, L Discharg ge, and Rain.

Capitol Region R Watersh hed District 20111 Monitoring ReeportÂ 122

Table 32. 2011 Phalen Creek Loading. Sample Type Base Grab Base Grab Snowmelt Base Snowmelt Grab Base Snowmelt Snowmelt Grab Snowmelt Grab Snowmelt Grab Base Grab Base Grab Snowmelt Grab Base Snowmelt Grab Base Storm Grab Base Storm Base Storm Base Storm Grab Base Storm Base Grab Storm Grab Base Grab Base Grab Storm Storm

Sample C ollection Time TP (mg/L) TSS (mg/L) Start Start Date End Date End Time Time 1/5/2011 11:15 1/5/2011 11:15 0.039 1 2/11/2011 10:53 2/11/2011 10:53 0.061 5 0.330 69 0.080 4 2/14/2011 11:38 2/14/2011 11:38 0.401 124 0.080 4 0.330 69 2/16/2011 14:00 2/16/2011 14:00 0.460 104 2/17/2011 9:45 2/17/2011 9:45 0.326 46 2/17/2011 14:52 2/17/2011 14:52 0.355 51 2/23/2011 15:43 2/23/2011 15:43 0.128 40 3/7/2011 11:00 3/7/2011 11:00 0.148 49 3/9/2011 15:30 3/9/2011 15:30 0.317 76 0.080 4 3/15/2011 11:10 3/15/2011 11:10 0.122 13 0.080 8 3/22/2011 9:30 3/22/2011 9:30 0.294 111 0.080 8 0.287 95 0.080 8 0.287 95 0.080 8 4/26/2011 9:45 4/26/2011 9:45 0.208 108 0.080 8 0.287 95 5/2/2011 10:25 5/2/2011 10:25 0.096 7 5/9/2011 9:15 5/9/2011 9:15 0.456 51 5/17/2011 9:55 5/17/2011 9:55 0.056 3 5/19/2011 15:30 5/19/2011 15:30 0.057 2 0.287 95 0.287 95

Loading Inte rval Start 1/1/11 0:00 2/8/11 14:20 2/13/11 13:10 2/14/11 7:00 2/14/11 9:20 2/14/11 22:40 2/15/11 11:10 2/16/11 6:40 2/16/11 21:10 2/17/11 12:30 2/18/11 4:40 3/7/11 6:00 3/8/11 13:40 3/12/11 3:10 3/14/11 12:20 3/18/11 2:40 3/22/11 2:50 3/22/11 23:40 3/31/11 14:50 4/1/11 1:30 4/10/11 4:30 4/10/11 6:10 4/26/11 3:10 4/26/11 21:40 4/30/11 7:00 4/30/11 11:00 5/9/11 6:20 5/9/11 16:30 5/18/11 6:10 5/21/11 2:00 5/21/11 11:30

End 2/8/11 14:10 2/13/11 13:00 2/14/11 6:50 2/14/11 9:10 2/14/11 22:30 2/15/11 11:00 2/16/11 6:30 2/16/11 21:00 2/17/11 12:20 2/18/11 4:30 3/7/11 5:50 3/8/11 13:30 3/12/11 3:00 3/14/11 12:10 3/18/11 2:30 3/22/11 2:40 3/22/11 23:30 3/31/11 14:40 4/1/11 1:20 4/10/11 4:20 4/10/11 6:00 4/26/11 3:00 4/26/11 21:30 4/30/11 6:50 4/30/11 10:50 5/9/11 6:10 5/9/11 16:20 5/18/11 6:00 5/21/11 1:50 5/21/11 11:20 5/21/11 22:20

Capitol Region Watershed District 2011 Monitoring Report

123

Inte rval Volume (cf) 16,199,000 2,083,700 585,580 49,286 510,050 260,437 718,113 698,175 768,264 735,591 7,391,330 583,680 2,031,900 1,076,480 3,314,280 2,158,700 1,597,380 5,786,160 854,553 3,784,320 162,670 9,427,750 2,237,250 1,095,180 376,877 4,172,090 817,694 2,612,740 916,680 1,666,430 609,679

Inte rval TP (lb) 39.44 7.93 12.06 0.25 12.77 1.30 14.79 20.05 15.63 16.30 59.06 5.39 40.21 5.38 25.24 10.78 29.32 28.90 15.31 18.90 2.91 47.08 29.05 5.47 6.75 25.00 23.28 9.13 3.26 29.86 10.92

Inte rval TSS (lb) 1,011 650 2,522 12 3,948 65 3,093 4,533 2,206 2,342 18,456 1,785 9,640 269 2,690 1,078 11,069 2,890 5,068 1,890 965 4,708 15,084 547 2,235 1,823 2,603 489 114 9,883 3,616

Base Storm Base Grab Storm Storm Grab Base Storm Base Storm Base Storm Base Grab Storm Base Storm Base Storm Base Grab Storm Grab Storm Grab Base Storm Base Storm Base Storm Base Storm Base Storm Base Storm Base Grab

6/6/2011