2023 - CannaHorse Equine Medical Cannabis Guide

EQUINE MEDICAL CANNABIS GUIDE

"EQUILIBRIUM CAN HELP RIDERS FEEL MORE CONFIDENT WHEN THEIR HORSE IS MORE RELAXED."

EMA KLUGMAN

5* EVENTER

4 Products(Oral+Topical)

5 Research

"I CAN SEE THE DIFFERENCE, IT DEFINITELY HELPS THEM TO RELAX AND BE MORE FOCUSED. SHE REALLY SEEMED THAT SHE WAS LESS BOTHERED BY THE GAME AND PERFORMED BETTER."

LINDOR NOVILLO CORVALAN

FIVE CANNABIS MYTHS BUSTED

While cannabis has been a major topic in America recently with more states creating medical and adult use markets, there are still a number of misconceptions, especially when it comes to horses.

1

I T F I X E S E V E R Y T H I N G !

Cannabis isn't a panacea or a cure all, while it can be transformative for some, it won't address every issue you or your horse might have.

Even for issues that cannabis can help, every plant is different and can provide different benefits and effects, some strains might help your arthritis, but not benefit your anxiety.

2 IT DOESN'T WORK!

There is still some skepticism about the validity of cannabis as medicine. With research so restricted for nearly 100 years, it's an understandable opinion, yet changes in legal status across the world are allowing researchers to proceed with clinical studies on the effects of cannabis on a variety of animal species.

Cannabidiol was the second most researched topic of all equine research projects in 2022. Some of the world's leading universities and vet schools have completed relevant projects in the past year.

3 ALL CBD IS THE SAME

This is an important one All CBD is not created equal Concentrations, purity, and quality vary widely, it's important to ensure only high quality plant material is used and that it is processed through a safe and clean extraction method. See Page 12 for common equine product format comparisons

4 CBD IS NON-PSYCHOACTIVE

This is a complicated misconception. "Psychoactive" refers to substances that can affect mental processes and cognition While CBD is non-intoxicating, it has been reported that it may help with issues such as anxiety, depression, and mood. Therefore, it technically falls under the category psychoactive.

5 MY HORSE MIGHT GET HIGH!

We've heard this one a lot. while there is no evidence that your horse needs THC, even with trace amounts, your horse will NOT get high.

Endocannabinoid System

The Endocannabinoid System (ECS) is a complex cell-signaling system found within all mammals, and can best be described as a "master conductor" of cannabinoids in the body.

The ECS plays a regulatory role within the body and helps the mammalian body reach and maintain a state of homeostasis the biological dynamic equilibrium our bodies require to function optimally.

What most don't know is that the body already produces cannabinoids (endocannabinoids) via the ECS Cannabinoid therapy helps stimulate the endocannabinoid system through the addition of phytocannabinoids via cannabis.

Receptors are situated within the central nervous system

APPETITE

IMMUNE CELLS

MOTOR ACTIVITY

PAIN PERCEPTION

SHORT TERM MEMORY THINKING

THE ENTOURAGE EFFECT

Simply put, The Entourage Effect describes how the combination of cannabinoids creates a more profound physical or psychological impact than a single cannabinoid working on its own Cannabinoids are essentially more effective when working in harmony with one another as well as with the terpenes found within the plant.

While THC can be helpful in some cases, THC is not a necessary component of achieving the Entourage Effect.

THE GOLDILOCKS ZONE

Cannabinoids help the body to maintain homeostasis. Homeostasis is the condition of optimal function for the body, which is sometimes called the

Cannabinoids

Cannabinoids are chemical compounds produced by the cannabis plant (phytocannabinoids) and by the human body (endocannabinoids). It's believed that there are potentially 200 cannabinoids in the cannabis plant.

CBD - CANNABIDIOL

Cannabidiol is the second most popular of the major cannabinoids and the main active cannabinoid in hemp, also existing in high concentrations in cannabis (marijuana). While CBD is often described as non-psychoactive, it's more accurate to describe it as non-intoxicating, as CBD may affect mood, and conditions such as anxiety and depression.

Researched Benefits

Anti-Inflammatory - Pain Relief - Anti-Anxiety - Gastrointestinal - AntiSeizure

THC - TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL

The most abundant cannabinoid in cannabis, Tetrahydrocannabinol is responsible for the well known intoxicating effects THC works by binding to the body's cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) throughout the brain and body. The effects of THC are very different from almost all other cannabinoids.

Researched Benefits

Pain Relief - Reduced Inflammation - Appetite StimulationAnti-Tumour - Insomnia

CBC - CANNABINOL

While CBC has a number of potential singular benefits like brain health pain and inflammation, its most important benefit may be its ability to work synergistically with other cannabinoids helping them to increase their effects. CBC, like THC and CBD, has been shown to encourage the human brain to grow by increasing the viability of developing brain cells in a process known as neurogenesis. CBC plays a significant role in the anti-cancer and anti-tumor capabilities of cannabis.

Researched Benefits

Antimicrobial - Anti-Viral - Anti-InflammatoryNeurogenic - Anti-Proliferative

CBG - CANNABIGEROL

Traditonally present in very low levels (less than 1%), Cannabigerol is becoming an important medical cannabinoid, leading geneticists to create high-CBG cultivars (strains). CBG's benefits have so far been found to affect very specific physiological systems and issues, most recently CBG has been found to have antibacterial properties that work against drug resistant MRSA.

Researched Benefits

Relieves Ocular Pressure (Glaucoma) - Anti-Tumour - AntibacterialHelpful for Skin Infections

Terpenes

Terpenes are the aromatic compounds found within plants that give them their taste and smell. Terpenes are found within most fruits, plants, and vegetables and also in high concentrations within cannabis and hemp. Some terpenes may also act on the endocannabinoid system in the body in a similar way to cannabinoids, with the key difference being that the body absorbs and uses these compounds in different ways Terpenes are important in cannabis medicine for their own therapeutic benefits and the role they play in The Entourage Effect. Here are some common terpenes in cannabis and hemp that you may also find within common plants:

MYRCENE

Found In

LINALOOL

Found In

Lavender, Citrus, Laurel, Birch, Rosewood.

Reported Effects

Sedating, Calming.

Researched Benefits

Promoting restful sleep, reducing stress and anxiety, and pain management.

BETA- CAROPHYLLENE

Found In

Pepper, Cloves, Hops, Basil, Oregano.

Reported Effects

May help activate cannabinoid receptors

Researched Benefits

Mango, Thyme, Citrus, Lemongrass.

Reported Effects

Sedating, Relaxing, Enhances THC

Researched Benefits

Antiseptic, Anti-Bacterial, Anti-fungal, AntiInflammatory

Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Controlling Muscle Spasms, Reducing Pain, Promoting Restful Sleep

PINENE

Found In

Pine Needles, Conifers, Sage.

Reported Effects

Memory Retention, Alertness.

Researched Benefits

Anti-Inflammatory, Bronchodilator.

LIMONENE

Found In Citrus Rinds, Juniper, Peppermint.

Reported Effects

Elevated Mood, Stress Relief.

Researched Benefits

Anti-Anxiety, Antifungal

TERPINOLENE

Found In Apple, Cumin, Lilac, Nutmeg.

Reported Effects

Sedating.

Researched Benefits

Anti-Bacterial, Anti-Fungal, Possibly Anti-Tumour.

HUMULENE

Found In Hops, Coriander.

Reported Effects

Suppresses Appetite.

Researched Benefits

Anti-Bacterial, Reducing Pain, AntiInflammatory.

Not All CBD is Created Equal

The quality of the plant material is not the only determining factor in a quality cannabinoid product The way it is processed and the final delivery method can have a significant impact on the product's effectiveness.

Even when sourced from the same strain or cultivar of hemp, the concentrations of cannabinoids, terpenes and other compounds can vary. Using the latest in processing technology, CannaHorse is able to produce formulations that are consistent, shelf stable, and with improved bioavailability. You can rest assured our products will have the consistency you expect from an equine therapeutic product.

Fastest absorption via nano-sized droplets and superior bioavailability

Shelf Stable for 12+ months

Consistent dosing

Oil

Gut absorption is slow and inconsistent

Lower concentration

Can cause gastrointestinal issues

Can go rancid if stored improperly

Pellets

Slow and inconsistent dosing and absorption via the gut

Lowest concentration

Degrades when exposed to air

Contains fillers

How is CannaHorse Different?

RESEARCH AND PHARMACEUTICAL APPROACH

CannaHorse currently has a project underway for the treatment of stables vices and a recently submitted a study for the clearance time of our emulsified solution.

Receiving the first investment from a major pharmaceutical manufacturer is a testament to the medical focus of the CannaHorse team.

THE HIGHEST QUALITY

CannaHorse only uses cannabis grown for medical purposes. The laboratory that provides our oils tracks their raw materials from seed to oil. The processing facilities we work with are (API) Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient approved, ensuring a safe and consistent dose every time.

TARGETED FORMULATIONS

Medical cannabis isn't one size fits all. Differing combinations of cannabinoids and terpenes can produce differing results. Our formulations are based on millions of data points from human patients, creating individualized, therapeutics.

RIGOROUS TESTING

Ingredients are tested at each stage, we know exactly what, and how much is in each products.

Personalized healthcare is an emerging practice in human and animal medicine. CannaHorse brings personalized cannabis medicines to the equine world.

Strainprint maintains the world's largest dataset on medical cannabis use in humans. Strainprint helps medical cannabis patients and doctors to use cannabis in the most effective and responsible way possible.

The data collected by Strainprint is used to guide doctors and patients to specific cannabis products, in order to treat specific ailments, based on cannabinoid and terpene formulas. CannaHorse uses this data to determine the cannabinoid and terpene content and ratios for our product lines

Cannabis used by CannaHorse goes through an emulsion process by our partners at Vertosa. Vertosa provides CannaHorse with an emulsified solution that can be replicated to greater than 95% consistency from batch to batch This consistency of product is nearly unheard of in medical cannabis. The emulsion process enhances the bioavailability of our core ingredients, making our products more efficient, more consistent, and with a faster onset time.

Is it legal?

THE REGULATIONS ARE CONFUSING AND EVER CHANGING.

The World Anti Doping Agency made Cannabidiol (CBD) legal for human athletes (including FEI riders) in 2018 Most international sporting federations have followed suit. THC limits have also been increased in many cases.

CannaHorse is committed to working with federal and international regulators by sharing our data with a goal of finding therapeutic levels and establishing protocols for cannabinoid use in competition horses.

RACING

The Horse Racing Integrity and Safety Authority (HISA) recognized CBD as a Controlled Medication

SPORT HORSES

In January 2022 the International Equestrian Federation (FEI) moved CBD to their Controlled Medications List becoming one of the first equestrian regulators to recognize the medical value of cannabinoids in horses.

TRAVEL

CannaHorse products contain ZERO THC which means our products are legal in 49 states and most of Europe However, regulations are ever changing, we advise checking before traveling

CONTROLLED MEDICATION CONTROLLED MEDICATION

Our Process

We start with the finest single-source plant material specifically grown for medical purposes, tracked from seed to finished product.

Before bein an oil, the orig tested for canna other compound toxic c

The finished product is tested once more prior to packaging and shipping, ensuring each dose is precise and contains only what is on the label

The raw canna into an emu providing hig meaning a littl

CannaHorse products are packaged in an FDA compliant facility and shipped direct to consumer or to retail partners.

The cannabis material "biomass" is processed into an oil by an ISO, GMP, and API certified facility.

ocessed into plant material is oids, terpenes, unds including ontaminants.

abis oil is converted ulsified solution gher bioavailability le goes a long way

The resulting cannabis oil goes through another round of testing for cannabinoid content and any foreign material like lead and other contaminants

CANNABINOIDS FOR

SPORTS PERFORMANCE

THEWORLDANTIDOPINGAGENCYDECIDEDTHATCBDDOES NOTOFFERPERFORMANCEENHANCINGEFFECTS.

Cannabidiol (CBD), like its counterpart tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, has many medicinal uses that are continuously being supported by research. However, unlike THC, CBD is non-intoxicating yet still offers many therapeutic properties that may be beneficial to many, specifically for athletes in sports performance. There are currently no studies that directly investigate cannabidiol in sports, but many studies and preclinical trials are highlighting the effects of CBD relevant to sports performance.

CBD has shown significant potential to be beneficial to athletes suffering from inflammation, pain, bone fractures, muscle damage, GI tract damage, anxiety, and more.

Pain is inevitable for most athletes pushing their bodies to the limits, and high-performance athletes are always looking for the best way to manage and cope with this pain. CBD may bring a new option for athletes suffering from neuropathic or nociceptive pain.

PAIN

Nociceptive pain is a result of tissue damage that leads to inflammation. Neuropathic pain originates from damage to the somatosensory nervous system (such as spinal cord injury, etc.). Various studies using different methodologies are finding that administered CBD gives an analgesic effect to nociceptive or neuropathic pain. Some studies suggest that CBD’s analgesic effect may be mediated by the TRPV1 channel, which plays a role in inflammatory muscle pain and delayed onset muscle soreness (De Gregorio et al 2019) The effect CBD has on pain depends on the type of pain, the dosages, and specific bodily characteristics of the user.

RECOVERY

Exercise-Induced muscle damage (EIMD) is caused by intense exercise which results in an inflammatory reaction that limits muscle performance. Inflammation is an integral process in healing muscle damage, but an excess of inflammation leads to prolonged soreness and slower recovery time. CBD encourages anti-inflammatory properties by the production of antiinflammatory cytokines, or signaling molecules. In terms of muscle-specific inflammation, a study done on dystrophic MDX mice showed that CBD treatment improved muscle strength, coordination, and reduced degeneration (Iannotti et al. 2019). There are differences between muscle dystrophy and EIMD, but it is probable that CBD could provide similar benefits

GUT AND STOMACH

Exercise-induced gastrointestinal (GI) damage can be caused during strenuous exercise when the blood is directed to the muscles in use along with the cardiopulmonary system and skin.

Therefore, other organs including the GI tract may experience reduced oxygen and nutrients. GI distress can cause nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, and reduced nutrient uptake. CBD’s anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties may be helpful to managing GI damage., with it having been reported that CBD can improve healing of tissue damage, necrosis, and restore intestinal permeability after inflammation (Alhamoruni et al. 2012).

BONE HEALTH

Most studies regarding CBD and bone health have used non-athletic animal models, but one study shows significant relevance. Kogan N.M. et al. (2015) reported a significant improvement in healing femoral fractures in rats with CBD treatment. 4 weeks post-fracture, the callus size was decreased compared to non-treated rats, and 8 weeks postfracture the CBD treated rats had improved mobility and strength of the bone Current suggestions include CBD may inhibit the expression of RANK and RANK-L and decrease pro-inflammatory cytokine production. This effect of CBD could be game-changing for athletes recovering from a bone fracture injury.

ANXIETY

Sports Performance Anxiety (SPA) can seriously lower athletic performance, for a sport that is demanding and puts pressure on athletes for high performance. Moderate doses of CBD have been reported to have anxiolytic properties in stressful situations such as the studies done on public speaking and social anxiety disorder (Bergamaschi et al. 2020).

"WE HAVE BEEN USING EQUILIBRIUM RECENTLY ON A CHRONIC WEAVER, WHO WOULD SPEND HIS ENTIRE DAY WEAVING, GETTING WORSE AT FEED TIME. AFTER HIS FIRST DOSE, HE SETTLED DOWN TO ONLY WEAVE DURING FEEDING OR WHEN THERE IS ACTIVITY OUTSIDE HIS STALL. AFTER 5 DAYS, HE HAS NOW BEEN ABLE TO SOCIALIZE WITH OTHER HORSES, SOMETHING HE WAS UNABLE TO DO BEFORE DUE TO AGGRESSION. THIS IS A SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT TO HIS QUALITY OF LIFE."

KELLEY STOBIE CARIBBEAN THOROUGHBRED AFTERCARE

CaseStudies

Ema Klugman

5* Eventer

Ema Klugman made a name for herself during her 5* debut as the highest-placed young rider at the 2021 Land Rover Kentucky Three Day Event.

A few years ago, Ema had never considered that CBD could play an integral role in her training program.

Today, Equilibrium is a valuable tool that Ema relies on to build confidence in the offseason, promote focus in young horses, and help anxious horses stay calm during stressful situations

Searching For Calming Support That Works

Ema runs her training and sales operation out of her family's farm in Maryland, where she trains horses ranging from unstarted three-year-olds to Advanced level event horses.

As she began working with more young horses that struggled with anxiety, she searched for better alternatives to traditional sedatives and calming supplements.

"I wasn't looking for a CBD supplement specifically, but I was interested in new options after struggling with mixed results using popular brands of calming supplements "

After stumbling upon CannaHorse, Ema began researching the brand Talking to Founder Warren Byrne and learning more about the research behind CannaHorse products convinced her to give Equilibrium a chance.

She immediately saw a difference in her young horses that struggled with anxiety

The Applications Of CBD In An Eventing Barn

One of Ema's favorite things about Equilibrium is that it helps keep young horses calm without inhibiting their learning ability. While many trainers may use sedatives on anxious horses during stressful situations like travel and clipping, these drugs can make horses unsafe to ride and not allow the horse to learn from new experiences.

Equilibrium promotes a calmer mind without impacting focus or balance, giving horses a positive experience and creating a productive training opportunity.

"When you trailer anxious horses off property, they normally carry that travel anxiety into your ride. With Equilibrium, you can go right to work and give them a positive experience."

"On some days they really seem to benefit, it helps one nervous fouryear-old both relax and focus, we also had a successful time shipping to train off the farm."

"IUSEDEQUILIBRIUMONMYBEST REINING2-YEAR-OLDTHATWAS

BEHAVINGALITTLEWEIRD,WITHA SOREBACKANDALITTLEANXIOUS. MYVETCOULDN’TFINDANYTHING

STRUCTURALSOIDECIDEDTOTRY EQUILIBRIUM.SHEHASBEENONIT FORABOUT2WEEKSANDTHE DIFFERENCEISHUGE."

IRIS AUSTIN

THE IRIS PERFORMANCE HORSES

Billie Reeves

Professional Barrel Racer

rels for y g xas, she served as the County Treasurer, worked as a substitute teacher and now manages a ranch. All the while, she raised three kids (she is also raising her granddaughter) and still manages to compete in barrel racing at just 63 years young.

“I’ve currently got the best horse I’ve ever had,” Reeves says “So, I just decided I’m not ready to quit and sit on a rocker on the porch I’m going to go while I can ”

20 years ago, Reeves bought an off-thetrack mare and trained her to be her daughter’s high school rodeo horse. In fact, she trained the horse so well that her daughter made it to Rodeo Finals all four years, which earned her enough money to go to college and compete on the mare’s foal a gelding. That gelding was so good that he took Reeves’ daughter to National Finals three years in a row and earned enough money to pay for her college.

That’s a pretty solid training resume

However, in June of 2016, the Monday after Reeves retired, a new foal was born Frenchman’s Valor (aka Rafe).

“His mother had bad anxiety, so I had a heads-up on his psyche. He was a really honest young horse and wanted to try, but the anxiety he had was really holding him back,” she says.

Rafe had a particularly bad habit of refusing to go down the alleyway at the rodeos. He would turn around, plow through anything behind him and even pin Reeves (accidentally) against the wall.

“I could find nothing that would help me get him down the alleyway, and I was willing to try anything that was not a flat-out drug,” Reeves says.

“The very night I started Equilibrium, Rafe did his normal stop down the alleyway, but then I talked to him, smooched, and he just went right in and did a very nice run. He doesn’t lose his footing. He doesn’t get slower on the front or the back end. You’d never know he was on anything. The alley issue seems to be behind us, but I’m not going to stop using it thinking he’s total over his anxiety,” Reeves explains. “When I start trailering the young horses, they will also be on Equilibrium just to relieve that anxious factor of hauling.”

It just takes the edge off, and that’s what I need I’m sold,” Reeves says

“It just takes the edge off, and that’s what I need.”

Chelsea Gammon

Folly and Friends Mustangs

You could say that Chelsea Gammon has done it all: she started riding at the age of 3, went on her first fox hunt with her grandpa at the age of 8, competed in Hunter/Jumpers, switched to eventing and now is the Field Master at Bellwood Hunt Club in Spring City, PA.

She also recently founded Folly and Friends Mustang Sanctuary, a nonprofit organization that provides a sanctuary for wild mustangs and ultimately helps transition them to life as domesticated animals.

When fireworks started exploding around the farm on the 4th of July, Gammon used Equilibrium on several of her barely broke mustangs who were spooked by the noise and trying to crash through their pen.

“The horses were very worked up, and we gave them some Equilibrium,” she says. “After that, there was none of the crashing through panels, no sweating. It really helped with their anxiety ”

Gammon uses many of these mustangs as fox hunting horses.

“I have one mare who is 4 years old and was started straight from the wild, so she was very anxious,” Gammon says “I gave her Equilibrium and she was a little looky on her first three hunts, but overall, she was OK. On her fourth hunt, I forgot to give her a dose, and she could not focus. I realized then that this product is an essential tool that I need for the daily life of these mustangs I like to use Equilibrium for big milestones, like the farrier, to make it a good experience for everybody.”

Unlike with other calming methods such as Ace, Equilibrium provides a natural way to reduce a horse’s anxiety and help them focus but without any of the sluggish sideeffects seen with other drugs.

“I work with wild horses, and I like to use a horse-positive method, and a natural product such as CannaHorse really fits into that,” Gammon says.

“This product really helps ease their nerves and anxiety with all the new things the mustangs have to do. It helps me take a wild horse and turn him into a calm, domestic partner. It just helps them adjust to new things and makes it a stress-free experience for the horse, rider and handler.”

"With CBD, it doesn’t feel like we’re poisoning her in the process."

HANNAH ISOP

LEADING HUNTER/JUMPER RIDER

"WEHAVEBEENUSING EQUILIBRIUMATTHEFARMON ANUMBEROFDIFFERENT HORSESANDSEEINGALOTOF SUCCESS."

Plant based support for the overall well-being of your horse.

CANNABINOIDS + TERPENES

CBD

CBC

CBG

THC

Alpha Pinene

Beta Caryophyllene

Linalool

EQUILIBRIUM ORAL is scientifically formulated to provide a customized hemp solution to support a well-balanced metabolic, immune, and wellness profile in your horse. The dosage is selected based on our research to provide optimum blood concentrations when consumed orally.

The cannabis formulation used in Equilibrium is specifically formulated using Strainprint ailment data. This specific formulation has shown to reduce general anxiety in humans.

Cannabinoids are provided in a proprietary, micronized formulation to aid its absorption and distribution in body fluids. The bioavailability of cannabinoids in this oral format is much greater than for ingested distillates, tinctures, oils, or pellets.

Upcoming Products

RECOVER

Cannabinoid and terpene formulation developed by Strainprint using human data for the relief of inflammation to aid in recovery from exercise and injury

RELIEF

Cannabinoid and terpene formulation developed by Strainprint using human data for the relief of pain and inflammation, often caused by arthritis.

GUT

All-natural support for the equine gut, none of the side effects. Our gut product is an all-natural solution to ulcer relief, used by leading horsemen. This formula is also available in a cannabinoid free version for use in competition horses.

Cannabis Research

Cannabidiol was the second most researched topic in equine healthcare in 2022. A growing number of studies are showing support for a variety of common ailments. Below are some of the recent highlights.

Safety

The objectives of this study include the investigation of behavioural effects of CBD after a single oral administration of CBD at a dose 250 mg per adult horse and investigating if there are any observed adverse events. 8 clinically healthy Czech Warmblood horses were included in this non-blinded study, including both sexes, ages 2–18 and weights 600–800kg

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 100, 103598

8 horses received a single high (0.6mg/kg) or low (0.3 mg/kg) dose of CBD. Horses receiving the high dose had higher plasma CBD concentrations, tendency of increased feed intake, and tendency for lower heart rates. This study determined that heart rate and feed intake remain within normal resting ranges after either dose of CBD

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 100, 103525

This study was designed to investigate supplementation of CBD oil over 28 days in 30 horses. At this level of supplementation, CBD oil was well-accepted, CBD was not detectible in blood samples, and blood chemistry parameters to assess liver and kidney function were not adversely affected as a result of supplementation

Animals: An Open Access Journal from MDPI, 13(2), 245

Pain and Inflammation

A 4-year-old Quarter Horse mare was seen in the field by Colorado State University's Equine Sports Medicine Service for a 5-week history of marked sensitivity to touch near the withers/shoulder region. The mare was then started on pure crystalline cannabidiol (250 mg by mouth twice daily), which resolved the clinical signs after 2 days.

Equine Veterinary Education, 33(4), e79–e82

The objectives of this study were to determine the plasma pharmacokinetics, short-term safety, and synovial fluid levels of CBD following oral administration in horses. A prospective, randomized, controlled study design was used CBD had dose-dependent, but variable, oral bioavailability at 1 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg daily dosing and was consistently detectable at steady state in synovial fluid at the higher dose.

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 113, 103933.

Anxiety

This case study included a 22 year old mare with a 15 year history of chronic crib-biting and wind-sucking with unsuccessful treatment attempts (cervical collar, environmental enhancements, diet changes, and acepromazine) Between the first and second week, there were notable reductions in time spent crib-biting and wind-sucking. After 30 days the mare had improved body condition score, coat quality, reduced time spent crib-biting or windsuckingtolessthan1hr/dayfrom15hrs,andobservedpositivechangesinattitude.

VeterinaryandAnimalScience,19,100289.

The study objective was to determine if a single oral dose of CBD would result in adverse effects in horses Horses typically housed in paddocks, but not novel to stalling were housed in 11’ X 14’ stalls with cameras to record behavior, feed, and water intake. The occurrence of stereotypicbehaviorswaslower(P=003)inhorsesgivenoralCBD

JournalofAnimalScience,99(Supplement 3),5–5

FurtherAnimalStudies

FractureRecovery

CBDtreatedratswithfemoralfracturesshowedsignificantimprovementofhealing,strength, and mobility. Rats treated with CBD had decreased callus size 4 weeks post fracture along withmorestrengthcomparedtonon-treatedrats. LINK

Stimulation of the endocannabinoid system modules bone formation, resorption, and may helppreventandtreatbonediseases.LINK

ExerciseRecovery

This study reviews the ways CBD can be beneficial to sports performance, including recoveringfromExercise-InducedMuscleDamage.LINK

DystrophicMDXmicetreatedwithhigh-doseCBDshowedimprovementsinmusclestrength, coordination,andreducedtissuedegeneration LINK

GastrointestinalIssues

Cannabidiol reduced colon injury and other results that concludes CBD as a safe treatment thatpreventsexperimentalcolitisinmice LINK

Cannabidiol can have a protective effect on intestinal epithelial cells, which plays a role in defense against threats to the intestinal lumen. By releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and promotingwoundhealing,CBDhelpspromoteahealthygut LINK

Plants, Not Shots.