A Renewed Call for Unity - Chih-Cheng Lo

S P E E C H E S

A Renewed Call for Unity CHIH-CHENG LO member of taiwan’s legislative yuan executive director, policy research and coordination committee, democratic progressive party, taiwan

Speech delivered at the Regional Networks Meeting on 10 September at Taipei, Taiwan As we gather here today, on the one hand, we eventually move toward a more open, free, and want to celebrate CALD’s anniversary and reeven democratic society. flect on our achievements over the past three decades. But on the other hand, we need to But obviously and unfortunately, this has not have a serious discussion of the challenges been the case. China has in fact become less free we are facing. On balance, we have to examine and more authoritarian. To make things worse, the progress of democracy, as well as the reChina has become more revisionist and more gression or recession of democracy. Of course, aggressive, not only challenging the regional there are many factors that contribute and world order, but also attempting to to democratic regression. Today, influence the domestic politics of however, I will focus only on other countries.

China’s authoritarian expansion and the threat it poses It is worth noting that milto democracies. itary intimidation is not “…it’s a the only tactic that China competition Before we talk about uses to coerce or subdue or even a China’s rising influence Taiwan. In the face of a war between and continued expansion, rising China, Taiwan and we need to understand other democracies are democracy and the very nature of our relafacing a whole range of autocracy…” tionship with China. Simply common challenges. put, it’s a competition or even a war between democracy and For instance, our dependence autocracy—and Taiwan is standing on China as a trading and investat the forefront of the two opposing ment partner has given China political camps. leverage in our relations with it. . Our government is very aware of the economic risks and The threats and challenges encountered by political costs that may be caused by our depenTaiwan may take place —and some are already dence on China’s market. Over the past few years, happening—in other countries. In the past, we China’s trade sanctions against Taiwan have had long believed that through our engagement affected our industry after industry. Taiwan’s with China, we could change China. The tradiagricultural products and tourism are often the tional paradigm also suggests that as a consetargets of Chinese Communist Party’s sanctions. quence of modernization and development of the Chinese economy, China would gradually and 68

In addition, as democracies, our free and open societies offer some vulnerabilities for Beijing to implement its influence operations. The CCP has been implementing covert, coercive, or corrupting tactics to influence and shape the public discourse and political outcomes within targeted countries. Some of the key elements of China’s influence operation include cognitive warfare, disinformation campaign, economic coercion, cyber espionage, cultural influence, and military intimidation, among others.

In the case of Taiwan, the methods of China’s influence operations have included monetary inducements to politicians, business leaders, academics, local grassroots organizations, media, and cyberspace influencers.

a defensive position in the face of authoritarian China’s expansion.

As I mentioned earlier, the challenges we face are multi-faceted. So what should be our counter-strategy or counter-measures?

I am very pleased to see that China’s influence operations have raised concerns among foreign governments and policymakers, who see these as a threat to national security and sovereignty. More importantly, some countries have already taken actions to respond to such challenges.

For instance, some g ove r n m e n t s h ave shut down the

One of the goals of China’s influence operations is to promote and support narratives and policies in Beijing’s favor. The CCP has consistently cultivated networks of influence, developed long-term dependencies, and shaped discourse on China across many facets of politics, business, academia, and society in Taiwan.

Apparently, China knows the vulnerabilities and opportunities it can exploit in our free and open society. In short, we democracies are in

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S P E E C H E S

Confucius Institutes as their counter-measures against China’s influence operations. Also, lawmakers in some countries are now calling for actions and passing legislation against Beijing’s ‘United Front’ activities, which are designed to interfere in our politics and society in very subtle and sophisticated ways.

Let me share with you my own views about how we can do more to cope with China’s authoritarian expansion in general, and influence operations in particular. Obviously, coping with China’s influence operations also involves a multifaceted approach.

First, we have to understand that China is a revisionist power. China not only does not accept the status quo in the Indo-Pacific, but also takes actions to challenge and change the status quo.

The so-called “new normal” CCP regime wants to create is an internal and external environment conducive to its authoritarian rule. And the very existence of democracy in Taiwan is a challenge to China’s authoritarianism. That is why China is using Taiwan’s freedom and openness to undermine our democratic way of life. Taiwan is not the troublemaker, China is. In this war of democracy against autocracy, we must act in self-defense.

The second countermeasure I am suggesting is de-risking. The economic dependence on China increases our sensitivity and vulnerability to Chinese influence operations. The way to de-risk our dependence on China is to diversify our investment and trade markets.

Don’t get me wrong, I am not proposing de-coupling. I’m simply arguing that we can’t

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put all our eggs in one basket, because it’s very risky economically and politically.

On the contrary, we have to make good use of China’s dependence on us and demand that China must abide by the rules of the game. We have not and will not change China easily, but at least we should ask China not to challenge these existing political and economic orders. In short, a healthier economic relationship between China and the outside world should be one of interdependency.

of the problem. Raising public awareness is the key to effective legislation. And this responsibility lies with the government.

Finally, we need to strengthen international alliances and partnerships to collectively address China’s influence on a global scale.

We must understand that any democratic country that wants to stand alone against China’s influence offensive is doomed to fail.

All like-minded countries should unite to cope My third suggestion for democracies in the face with the threat of authoritarian expansion. We of authoritarian challenge is to pass legislahave many possible areas where we can tion to strengthen our democracy and cooperate, such as the joint study of security. As mentioned earlier, China’s influence operations, the China is using the openness sharing of information and and freedom of our demointelligence, the implemencratic society to undertation of countermeasures, mine our democratic the exchange of experi“All likelife. But we must not ence with relevant legisminded sacrifice our freedom lation, and so on. countries should and democracy in the unite to cope with name of national secuThat’s why I think forums rity. Because doing so like we have here today the threat of will fall into what China are very timely and authoritarian wants. important. With your expansion.” wisdom and experience, I The best way to strengthen believe that more creative our defense mechanism and and effective methods can to strike a balance between be proposed to counter China’s democracy and security is through influence operations. democratic legislative procedures. We need to enact and enforce laws and regulations China, you see, challenges not only our nationthat require transparency in foreign lobbying and al interests, but also our democratic way of funding, as well as restrictions on foreign interlife. Allow me to stress once again that China’s ference. We may need to pass legislation that influence warfare is a clear and present danger. imposes restrictions on some Chinese activities Military or economic threats are just the more within our territory. Whether these activities are visible ones. China’s penetration and infiltrain the name of NGOs or academics, we may have tion into other democratic societies is actually to make special provisions. more threatening. To counter that, we need a whole-of-government and whole-of-society To be sure, such legislation will be quite controresponse. versial in many countries. So to pass such legislation, we must engage dialogue with the public So my dear colleagues, at this important historin order to obtain social support. We also need ical moment, to defend democracy, let’s work to encourage civil-society organizations to protogether. We have to work together because we all know that “united we stand, divided we fall.” mote democratic values and human rights, counteracting China’s influence. We have to let the people understand the seriousness and urgency

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