and revolutionary." But Diaz still has powerful Iriends. Hearst, Harry Chandler and Harrison Gray Otis-owner 01 the Calilornia Land and Cattle Companyorganize a press campaign against Magón's openness to loreigners. 'Filibusters I"is the anathema. To sully the picture some more, they hire Dick Ferris, a comedian and minor politician who loudly heralds his decision to buy or take the peninsula by lorce, and puts advertisements in the New York Times recruiting a thousand men with military experience. Foreign Affairs Minister, Creel dispatches his border consuls in the hunt lor aliens. Enrique de la Sierra, Irom Calexico, condemns the presence 01 unpatriotic loreigners: ' The rebel presence in Mexicali and Baja Calilornia (... ) is constantly getting stronger. Countless vagabonds, American Socialists and members 01 Industrial Workers 01 the World, al so a socialist organization with anarchist ten-
dencies, Ilock to the border on their way to Mexico ... The deplorable lact that Mexican rebels have resorted to cooperating and receiving help lrom this country's Socialists makes the situation more dangerous; not to the government's stability, no; but indeed to the Republic's international peace 01 mind and maybe to Baja Calilornia's autonomy and integrity." Turner, a Iilibuster? It's outrageous to accuse him 01 interventionism: this man who, more than anyone else, did his best to prevent the American government Irom meddling in Mexico. His wile's view on the matter is brilliant: "Something enormously important had happened (with the publication 01 Barbarous Mexico). When the revolution broke out in 1910, it was impossible lor the United States to send troops across the border to protect the 'benign Diaz. ' The American public knew too much." During the lirst two decades 01 the twentieth century, John Kenneth
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Tumer is the most obstinate delender 01 Mexico's national sovereignty. Not only does he unmask the American economic and political interests that upheld Diaz's dictatorship at the time 01 the Decena Trágica, but in a memorable article, he inlorms the U.S. press 01 Ambassador Wilson's role in the Madero assassination. In late 1914 he reports on the American intervention in Veracruz, insisting on the withdrawal 01 his country's army. In 1916 he makes two trips to Mexico and in texts like ¿Quién es Pancho Villa? and La intervención en México y sus nefandos factores Turner condemns General Pershing's incursion. Alter the First World War he writes Hands Off Mexico and in 1919 publishes a lucid article titled Why We Have to Leave Mexico AJone in The Nation in which he states: ' We are assured in various ways that we could and should reestablish arder in Mexico, 'clean' the country 01 bandits and speculators, give