BusinessMirror March 11, 2022

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‘PHL’s big informal sector poses fiscal challenge’ By Cai U. Ordinario @caiordinario

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E A R LY a t hird of t he Philippine economy remained infor ma l—a trend shared with several Southeast Asian nations—resulting in a narrow tax base that makes building back better after the pandemic a big challenge, an economist from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) said. This could be one of the reasons that prevents the government from building back better after the pandemic, according to Aekapol Chongvilaivan, ADB Southeast A sia Department Senior

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Economist for Public Finance. Wr it i ng a Pol ic y Br ief, Chongvilaivan said 28 percent of the economy is informal while other countries have larger informal sectors, such as Thailand with 43 percent of its GDP being part of the shadow economy and 35 percent in Cambodia. Lao People’s Democratic Republic and Indonesia have smaller informal economies compared to the Philippines at 25 percent and 23 percent, respectively. “One root cause of the generally narrow tax base in Southeast Asian countries is attributed to a relatively large informal sector —shadow economy,” Chongvilai-

“Improved tax compliance means an expanded tax base—more and more taxpaying individuals and firms entering a tax system— thereby enhancing total tax revenues.” –ADB Senior Economist Aekapol Chongvilaivan

van said. “Given the magnitude of the pa ndem ic- i nduced shoc k s, a further decline in tax revenues is most possibly substantial. In addition, the post-pandemic economic recovery is by and large uneven and uncertain due to mixed progress on vaccine rollouts and emergence of new Covid-19 variants,” he also said. The mounting fiscal challenges in the region, Chongvilaivan said, should prompt government to improve tax compliance, particularly for micro, small, and mediumsized enterprises (MSMEs). See “PHL,” A2

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Despite delay, DTI hopes RCEP will be ratified

By Tyrone Jasper C. Piad

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@TyronePiad

OREIGN direct investment (FDI) net inflows reached an all-time high of $10.5 billion in 2021 as the country benefits from positive investor sentiment due to anticipated economic recovery from pandemic, the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) reported on Thursday.

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VER two months since the world ’s biggest trade pact entered into force, the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) remains hopeful that the Philippines will soon finish its ratification process to reap the benefits of the regional economic deal. Trade Secretary Ramon Lopez, at a virtual event on Thursday, said the Regional Comprehensive Economic Par tnership (RCEP) agreement “remains to be a top priority of the Philippine government as it is an important tool to sustain economic growth and attract investments in the country.” “The DTI is working to complete the domestic ratification MEMBERS of Tigil Alyansa Mina mount a protest at the Department of Environment and Natural Resources office in Quezon City to demand accountability for “pro-mining” policies by the Duterte process for the RCEP Agreement administration as they marked the 27th anniversary of the enactment of the Mining Act of 1995 (RA 7942). Among the policies in question are the issuance of EO 130, which reversed the late DENR as soon as possible,” he said. chief Gina Lopez’s department order banning open pit mining, and declaring mining as an essential industry. NONOY LACZA “While there are some expected delays due to the upcoming national elections and the schedule of the Senate, the DTI is optimistic that the Philippines will be able to join RCEP soon,” he added. RCEP is a free trade agreement A JOR IT Y of the local mieast Asian region. changing financial institutions for among Asean countries and their cro, small and medium enSome 56 percent of the local ena better lending experience. ter prises (MSMEs) fail to trepreneurs resorted to asking their The cloud banking platform said trading partners including Aussecure loans due to stringent lending friends and family for loans as a rethis scenario provides an opportutralia, China, Japan, New Zeameasures—and they end up asking sult; about 45 percent, meanwhile, nity for new entrants in the indusland and South Korea. This repfamily and friends for additional fidipped in their own pockets to start tr y, which can challenge the existresents 30 percent of the global nancing instead to keep their busitheir businesses. ing banks and financial technolog y gross domestic product (GDP) or nesses running, according to a study Nearly half of the MSMEs that firms. $26.2 trillion. by a cloud banking platform Mambu. were unable to find enough capital A lmost two-thirds of local MSMEs It entered into force on JanuThe “Small Business, Big Growth cash f low concerns, the study said better borrowing benefits and shows ofproducts, products,with withhosts hostsand and consumers become”more morehad discernary 1, of 2022. shows consumers become discernreport said 77 percent ofconnected, sur veyedwe noted. About the same percentage i ncent ives a re pr i m a r y con sider guests providing moredetails details and ingand and connected, weare are seeing guests more and ing seeing Theproviding Trade department has been Filipino MSMEs incredible “ incredible have been unable happening were not able to launch new products ations in switching banks, especially giving testimonies, Zalora said. innovations happening giving testimonies, Zalora said. innovations lobbying for the ratification of to secure sufficient, or retail any, or ser vices and failed to upgrade or amid the rise of alternative lending alsohelp help brands inthe retailfunding sectorthat thatcompletely completely ItItwould brands inininthe sector RCEP aswould it is also seen to "help restore on at least one or reimagine more occasion facilities. Other reasons include betnovateon on flexiblesales sales promoreimagine theover shoppingimprove experi- technolog y as well. novate flexible the shopping experibusiness confidence and promoencourthe last five years.” According to Mambu’s findings, ter financing options and customer tions, such giving discounts, ence,”Gunjan GunjanSoni, Soni,chief chiefexecutive executive tions, such asasgiving discounts, ence,” age more economic activities, parThis is higher compared toZalora the 67Group, 93 percent of t he Fi lipino MSME ser vice support. and offering easier and attracofficerofofthe the Zalora Group, told an and offering easier and attracofficer told an ticularly for MSMEs [micro, small percent average for the entire South-ofofits said they are open to tivepayment paymentoptions optionssuch suchasasthe the online presentation itsrespondents Trender tive online presentation Trender See “MSME,” A2 buy-now-pay-later (BNPL) opReport2021. 2021. buy-now-pay-later (BNPL) opReport See “Despite,” A2 tion,which, which,ititsaid, said,emerged emergedasas Shedescribed describedthe the“shoppers “shoppersofof tion, She themost mostpopular popularoption optionamong among tomorrow”asas“digital “digitaland anddiverse diverse the tomorrow” Asian shoppers. across Southeast Asia.” Asian shoppers. across Southeast Asia.” n japan 0.4510 n UK 68.8667 n HK 6.6808 n CHINA 8.2689 n singapore 38.4732 n australia 38.2494 n EU 57.8704 n SAUDI arabia 13.9245 Source: BSP (March 10, 2022) Indonesia, for for example, example, “It’s a a digital digital diaspora,” diaspora,” she she InIn Indonesia, “It’s Google saw saw a a “10x “10x increase increase inin said,citing citingGoogle Googletrend trendmonitormonitorGoogle said, searchesfor fore-wallet e-walletservices servicesand and ingthat thatshows shows40 40million millionnew newInInsearches ing 15xrise riseininBNPL BNPLservices servicesininthe the ternetusers userscame cameonline onlineinin2021, 2021, 15x ternet lastfive fiveyears. years.Other Otherappealing appealing “bringingthe theinternet internetpenetration penetration last “bringing payment options options like like monthly monthly SoutheastAsia Asiatoto75 75percent.” percent.” payment ininSoutheast installments,toto00percent percentinterinter“Infact, fact,eight eightout outofof10 10InterInterinstallments, “In estfees feeson oncredit creditcards, cards,provide provide netusers usersininthe theregion regionare aredigidigiest net access toto quality quality products products and and talconsumers. consumers.Recognizing Recognizingthis this talsavviness savvinessand andtaste tastefor forluxury luxury Internetand andelectronic electroniccommunicommuniaccess tal tal Internet serviceswhile whilealso alsoimproving improvingfi-fishiftininadoption, adoption,brands brandsquickly quickly andsustainability. sustainability. cationgadgets gadgetsbybytheir theirside. side.Google Google services and shift cation nancialinclusion. inclusion. expandedtheir theironline onlinepresence presencetoto “Thereport reportisispositioned positionedasasa a trendshows showsMalaysian Malaysianshoppers shoppers nancial “The expanded trend Zalora,for forinstance, instance,offers offers21 21 reachthese thesenew newdigital digitalconsumconsumreferencepoint pointthat thathelps helpsZalora’s Zalora’s spendclose closetoto99hours hoursonline onlineon on Zalora, reference reach spend paymentmethods methodsacross acrossthe therereers,and andZalora Zalorareported reporteda a19-per19-per900brand brandpartners partnersnavigate navigatethe the average,“and “andare arethe themost mostlikely likelytoto payment 900 ers, average, gion, including including cash-on-delivery cash-on-delivery centincrease increaseininnew newbrands brandsthat that region’sdiversity diversityand andevolving evolvingrerevalue-driven.” gion, region’s cent bebevalue-driven.” andBNPL BNPLoptions optionsacross acrossthe themarmarjoinedthe theplatform platforminin2021,” 2021,”she she taillandscape,” landscape,”Zalora’s Zalora’sCEO CEOGunGunSingaporean shoppers shoppers are are and tail joined Singaporean kets.ItItlaunched launchedits itsfirst firstco-brandco-brandadded. janSoni Sonisaid. said. mostlikely likelytotoinvest investininluxury luxurypurpurkets. jan added. most creditcard cardininpartnership partnershipwith with Withmore moreSoutheast SoutheastAsians Asians Aside from from digital digital partners partners chases, with with Google Google search search data data ededcredit Aside With chases, RCBCand andMastercard Mastercardininthe thePhilPhilbrowsingnow nowand andgetting gettingthemthemlike Google, Google, Mastercard, Mastercard, H&M, H&M, showinga a21-percent 21-percentyear-on-year year-on-year RCBC like browsing showing ippines,the thefirst-ever first-everfashion fashionand and selves more more online, online, the the average average Lush,Paula’s Paula’sChoice, Choice,HABIB, HABIB,AtAtincreaseininSingaporeans’ Singaporeans’searches searches ippines, Lush, selves increase

‘DIGITAL DIASPORA’

In a statement, the Central Bank said FDI net inflows grew by 54.2 percent to $10.5 billion last year from $6.8 billion in 2020. The latest figure surpassed the previous high of $10.3 billion in 2017. “The growth in FDI reflected continued positive foreign investor sentiment on the country amid expectations of a rebound in domestic economic activity and declining Covid-19 reported cases, as well as the strengthening of the global economy,” BSP explained. FDI are investments made by foreign players in the Philippines in the hopes of long-term return. As such, they are expected to generate job opportunities and have a multiplier effect on the economy. The BSP attributed the better FDI net inf lows to higher non-residents’ net investments in debt instruments, which grew by 80.4 percent to $7.5 billion from $4.2 billion ByManuel ManuelT.T.Cayon Cayon year-on-year. By This, as reinvestment of earnings rose by 34.7 percent to $1.3 billion in 2021 from $944 million in the previous year. Non-residents’ net investments in equity capital, other than reinvestment earnings, were slightly up by 0.7 pecent to $1.7 billion.

MOST MSME TURN TO KIN, FRIENDS FOR FINANCING

For one, one, the the Southeast Southeast Asia Asia For Trender Report Report 2021 2021 byby Zalora Zalora Trender showsthat that40 40million millionAsians Asiansmade made shows theirdebut debutininInternet Internetuse useand and70 70 their millionhave havemade madetheir theirfirst firstonline online million purchasewithin withinthe the2020 2020and and2021 2021 purchase period, many many ofof them them attracted attracted period, anddrawn drawninto intoactual actualpurchase purchasebyby and productsales salespromotion promotionand anddisdisproduct countofferings. offerings. count

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AVAOCITY—A CITY—Aleading leading AVAO onlinebrand brandretailer retailerin inAsia Asia online seeingaasharp sharpbehavioral behavioral isisseeing shiftamong among consumersand andbrand brand shift consumers See “FDI,” A2 makersthat thatmay mayreinvent reinventand andinnovate innovate makers approaches, especially from thelatter, latter, approaches, especially the PESO exchange ratesfrom n US 52.2390 asdata dataanalytics—since analytics—sincethe theonset onsetof ofthe the as pandemic—indicatethe theemergence emergenceof of pandemic—indicate morediscerning discerningconsumers consumersadaptive adaptiveto to more electronic,or oronline, online,shopping shoppingexperience. experience. electronic,

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M notes Onlineshopping shoppingplatform platform notesbehavioral behavioralshift shift Online amongconsumers, consumers,brand brandmakers makersamid amidCovid Covid among


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