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Need to prepare for ‘Big One’ resurfaces in wake of Surigao quake By Rene Acosta
D
eath, injuries and destruction. These were the effects of the 6.7-magnitude earthquake that shook Surigao del Norte last Friday. But what if a more powerful quake would hit the overly populated Metro Manila? What would the damage be like? Brace for something that may really sound scary. The probability of a 7.2-magnitude earthquake hitting the metropolis is not far-fetched. Not when disaster officials say the much-feared West Valley Fault, which cuts across Metro Manila from Rizal to Laguna, is said to be already “ripe” for movement. If this will happen, the capital may yet see its biggest destruction since World War II, with Metro Manila laying in shambles, and with thousands of dead bodies littering the streets or buried in debris.
‘Death by the thousands’
A paper—the Metro Manila Earthquake Impact Reduction Study (MMEIRS), which was jointly conducted by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Phivolcs), the Japan International Cooperation Agency and the Pacific Consultant International—projected the death of 34,000 people in the initial minutes that Metro Manila begins to rattle. The same study, which was conducted from August 2002 to March 2004, added that at least 170,000 houses will be flattened, while another 340,000 will be partially damaged. Should it trigger fires, then it will transform Metro Manila into a burning inferno.
Deciphering the waves rolling in How an earthquake feels depends on factors such as distance from the fault, surrounding geology and quake magnitude. It also varies among individuals. Depending on their sensitivity to motion, a quake can feel much stronger to some people.
First hit
Major jolt
Finishing up
The first bump is the fastest of the seismic waves, called primary, or P, waves; if you are close to a quake’s epicenter, the first thing you might notice is a thunderous clap and rattling windows; this is P wave energy transferring into the air and creating a sound wave
The next set of energy waves are usually larger, called shear, or S, waves; S waves pack the most energy and the most shaking
Surface waves are the slowest and usually come last. If a quake is close to the surface, these waves can be very large
Seismic energy waves
Energy transferred into sound waves makes windows rattle
The estimates are still modest, which even Romina B. Marasigan, spokesman of the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC), admits, since the population of Metro Manila has grown fast from the time the study was conducted. Still, the powerful tremor is also expected to generate a tsunami, with the possibility of flooding Manila and even its adjoining cities.
Pattern
State volcanologists and the NDRRMC said the West Valley Fault has a pattern or history of moving every 400 years, and this is the reason they have declared or admitted that it may possibly shake any time from now. Aside from the West Valley Fault, the government is also preparing for the movement of the Continued on A2
THE West Valley Fault geoportal.gov.ph
Prefabricated efficiency
In response to a recent earthquake, the Chinese company Broad Sustainable Building has developed factory-made buildings that can be assembled faster than traditional structures. The buildings are extremely durable and conserve energy, the company says.
Construction
1
Groundwork A concrete foundation is poured; concrete piles are driven into the ground for added stability; steel frame is erected in the center, housing a crane
2
Assembling the stories The most innovative, efficient feature is the steel frame main boards that create the stories; they are built in the factory and delivered to the construction site; prefabrication eliminates materials waste as well as construction pollution at the site Single main board, 50 ft. by 13 ft. (15 m by 4 m)
Finished flooring
Crane
3
Finishing After rigging the main boards, workers assemble interior items, such as columns, walls, doors and windows; wiring, staircases and connected tubing are installed between floors
93
600 years
Expected life span of building
Foundation
Piles (below ground)
S waves can be strong enough to knock people over
© 2010 MCT Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Caltech Graphic: Orange County Register
360
Percent of building prefabricated
Staircases are prebuilt in sections that bolt together
Detail above
8 per day Number of floors that can be constructed
Hours to build 30-story hotel
Tubes for plumbing, ventilation and electricity built into main board
Finished ceiling with fixtures
Magnitude 9
Earthquake level the structure can withstand
Exterior glass and panels bolt on
30
Number of energy-saving technologies adapted for buildings
Mounting beams
Less than 1
Assembling of the stories begins around the center structure
Percent of construction materials wasted
Three-floor section of joined main boards
© 2012 MCT Source: Broad Sustainable Building Graphic: Phil Geib, Chicago Tribune
Asean lawmakers join frAy on death penalty in PHL as solons decide on fate of bill
Vote for death draws nigh
T
By Jovee Marie N. dela Cruz
he leadership of the House of Representatives is mulling over an early vote on the controversial bill reviving the death penalty, amid heated debates and worldwide calls for the legislation to be scrapped. PESO exchange rates n US 49.9250
House Majority Leader Rodolfo C. Fariñas said he will call for a majority caucus on Monday to discuss the possible early voting on the bill, as the lawmakers who opposed the bill continue to question the lack of quorum that delays the sponsorship and debate period. “As chairman of the Committee on Rules, we will now force to vote on this measure, and we will now close the period [for] debates,” he said. Earlier, the lower chamber has set on March 8 and 15 to pass on second and third readings, respectively, the bill on capital punishment.
‘Mind vote’
According to Fariñas, lawmakers have already voted in minds, and the leadership is just only accommodating at least 50 interpellators, who want to raise their opposition to the measure. The bill would allow for the death penalty to be imposed for 21 heinous crimes, including some forms of murder and rape, as well as treason, plunder and nine drug offenses. According to the bill, the importation, sale, manufacture, cultivation and possession of drugs in
quantities as low as 10 grams for methamphetamine and marijuana oil are both punishable by death. But Speaker Pantaleon D. Alvarez, principal author of the death-penalty bill, said based on the consensus reached by a House supermajority caucus last week, the body will remove the mandatory death penalty. The Speaker said the supermajority has agreed that the bill reinstating capital punishment should give trial judges the full discretion to mete out either 30-year prison terms Continued on A2
“As defenders of human rights, we have looked to the Philippines for guidance in this struggle. We hope that your country will continue to provide this important form of moral leadership for the Asean region, and support the right to life.”—Malaysian MP Kasthuri Patto
n japan 0.4409 n UK 62.3463 n HK 6.4345 n CHINA 7.2841 n singapore 35.2453 n australia 38.4023 n EU 53.2999 n SAUDI arabia 13.3158
Source: BSP (17 February 2017 )