Business ethics ethical decision making and cases 10th edition ferrell test bank

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1. Moral philosophy refers to a. a subject that most businesspeople do not consider very important. b. the morality of business activities. c. the principles or rules that people use to decide what is right and wrong. d. the legality of business activities. e. the principles or rules that policymakers use to create legislation.

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

c 1 Easy p. 154

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.1 - Understand how moral philosophies and values influence individual and group ethical decision making in business.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: KEYWORDS:

United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities Bloom's: Knowledge

2. Which moral philosophy evaluates the morality of an action on the basis of its consequences for everyone affected (seeks the greatest good for the greatest number)? a. Act deontology b. Rule deontology c. Egoism d. Utilitarianism e. Hedonism ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

d 1 Easy

REFERENCES:

p. 157, Table 6-1, A Comparison of the Philosophies Used in Business Decisions p. 159

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.2 - Compare and contrast the teleological, deontological, virtue, and justice perspectives of moral philosophy.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

3. Which moral philosophy considers an act to be morally right or acceptable if it produces some desired result? a. Teleology b. Deontology c. The relativist perspective d. Ethical formalism e. Hedonism ANSWER: POINTS:

a 1

DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

Easy p. 157, Table 6-1, A Comparison of the Philosophies Used in Business Decisions p. 158 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.2 - Compare and contrast the teleological, deontological, virtue, and justice perspectives of moral philosophy.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: KEYWORDS:

United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities Bloom's: Knowledge

4. Which moral philosophy focuses on the rights of individuals and on the intentions associated with a particular behavior, rather than its consequences? a. Deontology b. The relativist perspective c. Teleology d. Egoism e. Utilitarianism ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

a 1 Easy

REFERENCES:

p. 157, Table 6-1, A Comparison of the Philosophies Used in Business Decisions p. 161 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.2 - Compare and contrast the teleological, deontological, virtue, and justice perspectives of moral philosophy.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities KEYWORDS:

Bloom's: Knowledge

5.

are person-specific, whereas meet business objectives. a. Organizational factors; business ethics b. Codes of conduct; individual factors c. Individual factors; codes of conduct d. Business ethics; moral philosophies

are based on decisions made by groups or when carrying out tasks to

e. Moral philosophies; business ethics ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

e 1 Easy

REFERENCES: p. 154 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.1 - Understand how moral philosophies and values influence individual and group ethical decision making in business.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension 6. According to Kohlberg's model, as a person progresses through the stages of moral development, and with time, education, and experience, he/she a. is unlikely to change his/her values and ethical behavior. b. may change his/her values and ethical behavior. c. will likely be promoted. d. will depend more on the input of significant others in ethical decision making. e. will experience less opportunity to behave unethically.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: p. 170 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.4 - Recognize the stages of cognitive moral development and its shortcomings.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

7. An individual who defines what is right by considering his/her duty to society, not just to other specific people, is in which of Kohlberg's stages of cognitive moral development? a. Punishment and obedience b. Individual instrumental purpose and exchange c. Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity d. Social system and conscience maintenance e. Prior rights, social contract, or utility ANSWER:

d

POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

1 Moderate

REFERENCES: p. 169 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.4 - Recognize the stages of cognitive moral development and its shortcomings.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities KEYWORDS:

Bloom's: Comprehension

8. Which is the last of Kohlberg's stages of cognitive moral development? a. Individual instrumental purpose and exchange b. Need achievement c. Social system and conscience maintenance d. Punishment and obedience e. Universal ethical principles ANSWER:

e

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: p. 170 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.4 - Recognize the stages of cognitive moral development and its shortcomings.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

9. A person who offers a facilitation payment in order to secure a contract that will keep her company from going bankrupt and laying off hundreds of employees may be a(n) a. egoist. b. teleologist. c. utilitarian. d. relativist. e. humanitarian.

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

c 1 Moderate p. 159

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.2 - Compare and contrast the teleological, deontological, virtue, and justice perspectives of moral philosophy.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension 10. Which moral philosophy evaluates the morality of an action on the basis of its conformity to general moral principles and respect for individual rights? a. The relativist perspective b. Act utilitarianism c. Rule utilitarianism d. Act deontology e. Rule deontology ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: p. 161-162 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.2 - Compare and contrast the teleological, deontological, virtue, and justice perspectives of moral philosophy.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

11.

is considered the father of free market capitalism. He believed that business was and should be guided by the morals of good men. a. John Maynard Keynes b. Henry Kissinger c. George Washington d. Adam Smith e. Lawrence Kohlberg ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

d 1 Easy p. 155

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.1 - Understand how moral philosophies and values influence individual and group ethical decision making in business.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS:

United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities

KEYWORDS:

Bloom's: Knowledge

12. _____ believe that no one thing is intrinsically good. a. Hedonists b. Pluralists c. Relativists d. Deontologists e. Teleologists ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

b 1 Easy

REFERENCES: p. 158 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.2 - Compare and contrast the teleological, deontological, virtue, and justice perspectives of moral philosophy.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

13. Kant's categorical imperative and the Golden Rule are examples of which moral philosophy? a. Teleology b. Deontology c. The relativist perspective d. Egoism e. Utilitarianism ANSWER: POINTS:

b 1

DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

Easy p. 161-162

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.2 - Compare and contrast the teleological, deontological, virtue, and justice perspectives of moral philosophy.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities KEYWORDS:

Bloom's: Comprehension

14. A marketing manager who orders that a manufacturing plant be refitted to make it safer for workers, no matter what the cost, may be a(n) because he believes in the rights of all individuals. a. egoist b. utilitarian c. deontologist d. relativist e. hedonist ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: p. 161 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.2 - Compare and contrast the teleological, deontological, virtue, and justice perspectives of moral philosophy.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension

15. Which moral philosophy evaluates the morality of an action on the basis of principles or rules designed to promote the greatest overall utility rather than by examining situations individually? a. Rule utilitarianism b. Act utilitarianism c. Rule deontology d. Act deontology e. Egoism ANSWER:

a

POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

1 Easy

REFERENCES: p. 160 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.2 - Compare and contrast the teleological, deontological, virtue, and justice perspectives of moral philosophy.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 16. Which moral philosophy evaluates the morality of an action on the basis of the equity, fairness, and impartiality of the action, with rules serving as guidelines in the decision-making process? a. Rule utilitarianism b. Act utilitarianism c. Rule deontology d. Act deontology e. The relativist perspective ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

d 1 Easy p. 162

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.2 - Compare and contrast the teleological, deontological, virtue, and justice perspectives of moral philosophy.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

17. Which moral perspective defines ethical behavior subjectively from the unique experiences of individuals and groups? a. Virtue ethics b. Egoism c. The relativist perspective d. Absolutism e. Justice ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

c 1 Easy p. 162

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.2 - Compare and contrast the teleological, deontological, virtue, and justice perspectives of moral philosophy.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: KEYWORDS:

United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities Bloom's: Knowledge

18. Through time an act can come to be viewed as unethical under which of the following philosophies and perspectives? a. The relativist perspective b. Teleology c. Deontology d. Egoism e. Rule deontology ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

a 1 Easy p. 163

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.2 - Compare and contrast the teleological, deontological, virtue, and justice perspectives of moral philosophy.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

19.

typically focuses on the end result of actions and happiness created by them, whereas the means and motives by which actions are justified. a. Pragmatism; hedonism

emphasizes

b. Deontology; pragmatism c. Utilitarianism; deontology d. Utilitarianism; a goodness theory e. A goodness theory; an obligation theory ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

e 1 Moderate p. 158

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.2 - Compare and contrast the teleological, deontological, virtue, and justice perspectives of moral philosophy.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 20. An individual who believes that an action is ethical because others within his or her company and industry regularly engage in the activity is probably a(n) a. utilitarian. b. relativist. c. teleologist. d. deontologist. e. egoist.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: p. 162 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.2 - Compare and contrast the teleological, deontological, virtue, and justice perspectives of moral philosophy.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension

21. Enlightened egoism a. is when an individual puts spiritual feelings above all others. b. centers completely on the short-term well-being of others. c. centers on one's short-term self-interest. d. centers on one's long-term self-interest but takes others’ well-being into account. e. centers on the long-term well-being of others.

ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

d 1 Easy p. 158

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.2 - Compare and contrast the teleological, deontological, virtue, and justice perspectives of moral philosophy.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: KEYWORDS:

United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities Bloom's: Knowledge

22. Which moral philosophy is based on the premise that equal respect must be given to all persons? a. The relativist perspective b. Deontology c. Egoism d. Teleology e. Utilitarianism ANSWER:

b

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: p. 161 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.2 - Compare and contrast the teleological, deontological, virtue, and justice perspectives of moral philosophy.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

23.

have lower ethical issue sensitivity, meaning they are less likely to detect ethical issues. They may be more committed to completing projects and more dedicated to group values and objectives. a. Relativists b. Hedonists c. Pragmatists d. Deontologists e. Teleologists ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

a 1 Moderate p. 163

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.2 - Compare and contrast the teleological, deontological, virtue, and justice perspectives of moral philosophy.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics

24.

STATE STANDARDS:

United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities

KEYWORDS:

Bloom's: Knowledge

justice is based on the evaluation of outcomes or results of the business relationship. a. Procedural b. Interactional c. Distributive d. Ethical e. Egotistical ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: p. 166 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.2 - Compare and contrast the teleological, deontological, virtue, and justice perspectives of moral philosophy.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: KEYWORDS:

United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities Bloom's: Knowledge

25. Kohlberg's six stages of cognitive moral development can be reduced to three levels of ethical concern. Persons at the second level a. define right as that which conforms to the expectations of good behavior of the larger society. b. see beyond the norms, laws, and authority of groups or individuals. c. are concerned with their immediate interests and with external rewards and punishments. d. are concerned with their long-term interests and with internal rewards and punishments. e. are unethical.

ANSWER:

a

POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

1 Moderate

REFERENCES: p. 170 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.4 - Recognize the stages of cognitive moral development and its shortcomings.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities KEYWORDS: 26.

Bloom's: Knowledge

argues that ethical behavior involves not only adhering to conventional moral standards but also considering what a mature person with a “good” moral character would deem appropriate. a. Act utilitarianism b. Virtue ethics c. Reciprocity d. Hedonism e. Rule deontology ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

b 1 Easy p. 157, Table 6-1, A Comparison of the Philosophies Used in Business Decisions p. 164 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.2 - Compare and contrast the teleological, deontological, virtue, and justice perspectives of moral philosophy.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

27. When a person defines right and wrong on the basis of legal contracts, he or she is using which of Kohlberg's stages of development? a. Punishment and obedience (1st stage) b. Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity (3rd stage) c. Social system and conscience maintenance (4th stage) d. Prior rights, social contract, or utility (5th stage) e. Universal ethical principles (6th stage) ANSWER: POINTS:

d 1

DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

Easy p. 170

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.4 - Recognize the stages of cognitive moral development and its shortcomings.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities KEYWORDS: 28.

Bloom's: Knowledge

deals with the issue of what individuals feel they are due based on their rights and performance in the workplace, and therefore is more likely to be based on deontological moral philosophies than on teleological or utilitarian ones. a. Rights b. Virtue ethics c. Justice d. Relativism e. Egoism ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

c 1 Easy p. 166

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.2 - Compare and contrast the teleological, deontological, virtue, and justice perspectives of moral philosophy.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities KEYWORDS:

Bloom's: Knowledge

29. A central problem with relativism is a. that it emphasizes people’s differences, not similarities. b. that few people believe that these principles are important. c. that they are very complicated. d. that they represent unattainable goals. e. that many feel that virtue ethics only works in theory.

ANSWER: POINTS:

a 1

DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

Easy p. 163

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.2 - Compare and contrast the teleological, deontological, virtue, and justice perspectives of moral philosophy.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities KEYWORDS:

Bloom's: Knowledge

30. Which is not considered a white collar crime? a. Corporate tax evasion b. Credit card fraud c. Insider trading d. Identity theft e. Mugging someone ANSWER:

e

POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

1 Easy p. 171-172

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.5 - Introduce white-collar crime as it relates to moral philosophies, values, and corporate culture.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

31. An individual who emphasizes others rather than himself or herself in making decisions is in which of the following of Kohlberg's stages of development? a. Universal ethical principles (6th stage) b. Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity (3rd stage) c. Social system and conscience maintenance (4th stage) d. Punishment and obedience (1st stage) e. Prior rights, social contract, or utility (5th stage) ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: p. 169 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.4 - Recognize the stages of cognitive moral development and its shortcomings.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge 32. Eric views animal research in the pharmaceutical industry as a way to improve drugs that will benefit mankind.

Which moral philosophy most closely represents his viewpoint? a. Egoism b. Relativism c. Humanitarianism d. Utilitarianism e. Individualism ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: p. 159 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.2 - Compare and contrast the teleological, deontological, virtue, and justice perspectives of moral philosophy.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension

33. In Kohlberg’s model, the stage of mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity (Stage 3) differs from the stage of individual instrumental purpose and exchange (Stage 2) in terms of the individual’s motives in a. considering fairness to others. b. maintaining the social order. c. considering duty to society. d. upholding the basic values of society. e. maintaining obedience to authority.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: p. 169 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.4 - Recognize the stages of cognitive moral development and its shortcomings.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS:

United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities

KEYWORDS:

Bloom's: Comprehension

34. The elements of and truthfulness. a. egoism b. utilitarianism c. deontology d. moral philosophy

important to business transactions have been defined as trust, self-control, empathy, fairness,

e. virtue ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

e 1 Easy p. 164

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.2 - Compare and contrast the teleological, deontological, virtue, and justice perspectives of moral philosophy.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

35.

justice considers the processes and activities that produce the outcome or results. a. Disruptive b. Procedural c. Interactional d. Communications e. Evaluative ANSWER: POINTS:

b 1

DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

Easy p. 166

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.2 - Compare and contrast the teleological, deontological, virtue, and justice perspectives of moral philosophy.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities KEYWORDS:

Bloom's: Knowledge

36. What is white collar crime and why has it become such a widespread problem?

ANSWER:

POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

White-collar crime (WCC) are nonviolent business crimes defined by the Department of Justice as a "non-violent criminal act involving deceit, concealment, subterfuge and other fraudulent activity." Examples include antitrust violations, computer and Internet fraud, credit card fraud, bankruptcy fraud, health care fraud, tax evasion, violating environmental laws, insider trading, bribery, kickbacks, money laundering, and theft of trade secrets. WCC is more widespread and that may be due to corporate cultures becoming deviant and encouraging unethical behavior. The incidents of WCC tends to increase in years following an economic recession but the reasons for increase are not easy to pinpoint. See Table 6-5, Common Justifications for White-Collar Crime on page 174. Also see Table 6-4, U.S. Consumer Fraud Complaints on page 172, note the increase.

1 Easy p. 171-174 p. 172, Table 8-4, U.S. Consumer Fraud Complaints p. 174, Table 6-5, Common Justifications for White-Collar Crime

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.5 - Introduce white-collar crime as it relates to moral philosophies, values, and corporate culture.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities KEYWORDS:

Bloom's: Comprehension

37. Compare and contrast the two teleological philosophies: egoism and utilitarianism. Include a discussion of the bases that each type uses to evaluate the morality of activities.

ANSWER:

POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

Egoists believe they should make decisions that maximize their own self-interest, utilitarians believe they should make decisions that result in the greatest total utility, or the greatest benefit for all those affected by a decision. In an ethical decision-making situation, an egoist will probably choose the alternative that contributes most to his or her self-interest while a utilitarian decision maker calculates the utility of the consequences of all possible alternatives and then selects the one that results in the greatest benefit.

1 Easy p. 158-159

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.2 - Compare and contrast the teleological, deontological, virtue, and justice perspectives of moral philosophy.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension 38. Compare and contrast the two moral philosophies: teleology and deontology. Discuss the bases each philosophy type uses to evaluate the morality of a particular activity.

ANSWER:

POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

Teleological philosophies assess the moral worth of a behavior by looking at its consequences, deontologists argue that there are some things we should not do, even to maximize utility. For example, deontologists would consider it wrong to kill an innocent person or commit a serious injustice against someone, no matter how much greater social utility might result from doing so, because such an action would infringe on individual rights. The utilitarian, however, might consider an action resulting in a person’s death acceptable if that action lead to some greater benefit.

1 Easy p. 158-161

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.2 - Compare and contrast the teleological, deontological, virtue, and justice perspectives of moral philosophy.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension

39. Discuss the distinctions between the rule and act categories of utilitarianism and deontology. Why do you think some people evaluate the morality of an action on the basis of the action itself, whereas others evaluate it in terms of its conformity to particular moral principles or rules of conduct?

ANSWER:

POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

Rule utilitarians determine behavior on the basis of principles or rules designed to promote the greatest utility, while act utilitarians examine specific actions and assess whether they result in the greatest utility. Rule deontologists believe in conformity to general moral principles such as The Golden Rule, while act deontologists hold that actions are the proper basis to judge morality. Adherents of different personal moral philosophies may disagree in their evaluations of a given action, yet all are behaving ethically according to their own standards.

1 Moderate p. 160-162

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.2 - Compare and contrast the teleological, deontological, virtue, and justice perspectives of moral philosophy.

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension 40. Explain how the levels of Kohlberg's model of cognitive moral development may influence a person's perception of and response to an ethical issue.

A person in stage one responds to rules and labels of “good” and “bad” in terms of the physical power of those who determine such rules. In stage two they evaluate behavior on the basis of its fairness to them. In stage three ethical motivation is still derived from obedience to rules. In stage four, duty, respect for authority, and the maintenance of the social order become the focal points. Individuals in stage five feel a sense of obligation or commitment to other groups and recognize in some cases legal and moral points of view may conflict. A person in stage six believes right is determined by universal ethical principles everyone should follow.

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: p. 169-170 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6.4 - Recognize the stages of cognitive moral development and its shortcomings.

ANSWER:

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics STATE STANDARDS: United States - NONE - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension