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A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic

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Published by Oxford University Press

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Aa,anegativesuffixtoverbs, not;eraútmakligt, at it is not unmeet that. abbadis (pl. -ar), f. abbess. abbast (að),v.ref. tobeangry,toquarrel (a. við e-n, upp á e-n). abbindi (= afbindi), n. constipation. aðal, n. nature, disposition. aðal- incompds., chief,head,principal; -akkeri,n. sheet-anchor; -ból,n. manor; -borinn,pp. ofnoblebirth,= óðal-borinn; -festr,f.seealaðsfestr; -fylking,f. themainbodyoftroops,centre; -haf,n. thehighsea; -henda,f.= alhenda; -hending,f. full or perfect rhyme,as góð:blóð (opposedto ‘skothending’); -hendr,a.(verse) with perfectrhymes; -kelda,f. chiefwell; -kirkja,f. chiefpartofachurch,opp.to ‘forkirkja’; -liga,adv. completely,quite; -merki,n. chiefbanner; -ritning,f. chiefwriting; -skáli,m. themainhall, opp.to‘forskáli,forhús’; -tré,n. trunk ofatree; -troll,n. downrightogre; -túlkr, m. chief spokesman. aðild,f. chiefdefendantshiporprosecutorship.

aðildarmaðr, m. = aðili. aðili (-ja, -jar,later -a, -ar),m. chief defendant (varnaraðili)or prosecutor (sóknaraðili, sakaraðili).

af,prep.w.dat.I.Ofplace:(1) off, from;G.hljópafhestisínum, G.jumped offhishorse;gangaafmótinu, togoaway

fromthemeeting;Flosikastaðiafsér skikkjunni, threwoffhiscloak;Gizzur gekkafútsuðriatgerðinu, fromthesouthwest;hannhafðileystafsérskúasína, hehadtakenoffhisshoes;Steinarrvildi slítahannafsér, throwhimoff;tókGísli þáafsérvápnin, tookoffhisarms;bréf afMagnúsikonungi, aletterfromking Magnus;landaflandi, fromonelandto theother;hverraföðrum, oneafteranother,insuccession;vilekþúvinnirafþér skuldina, workoffthedebt;muntuenga sættafmérfá, nopeaceatmyhand;rísa afdauða, torisefromthedead;vaknaaf draumi, toawakenfromadream;lúkaupp afhrossi, toopenagatefromoffahorse; vindrstóðaflandi, thewindblewfromthe land;(2) outof;verðatekinnafheimi, to betakenoutoftheworld;gruflarhónaf læknum, shescramblesoutofthebrook; Otradalrvarmjökafvegi, faroutofthe way.Connectedwithút;föstudaginnfór útherrinnafborginni, marchedoutofthe town.II.Oftime; past,beyond:afómaga-aldri, abletosupportoneself,ofage; ekemnúafléttastaskeiði, nolongerin theprimeoflife;þáersjauvikureruaf sumri, whensevenweeksofsummerare past;varmikitafnótt, muchofthenight waspast.III.Invariousotherrelations: (1)þiggjaliðafe-m, toreceivehelpfrom one;hafaumboðafe-m, tobeanother’s deputy;veragóðs(ills)maklegrafe-m, todeservegood(bad)ofone;féllþarlið martafEyvindi, manyofEyvind’smenfell there;þáeruþeirútlagirokafgoðorði sínu, haveforfeitedtheir ‘goðorð’;þáskalt þúafallrifjárheimtunni, forfeitallthe claim;ekskalstefnaþérafkonunni, summontheetogiveup;(2) off,of;höggva fót,hönd,afe-m, tocutoffone’sfoot,

hand;vilek,atþútakirslíktsemþér líkarafvarningi, whateveryoulikeofthe stores;þarláforkreinnokbrotitafendanum, withthepointbrokenoff;absol., beithannhöndinaaf, bitthehandoff; faukafhöfuðit, theheadflewoff;(3) of, among;hinnefniligastimaðrafungum mönnum, themostpromisingoftheyoung men;(4) with;hláða,(ferma)skipafe-u, toload(freight)ashipwith;fyllaheiminn afsínukyni, tofilltheworldwithhisoffspring;(5) of (= ór whichismorefrequent);húsitvargertaftimbrstokkum, wasbuiltoftrunksoftrees;(6) fig.,eigivitamennhvatafhonumerorðit, whathas becomeofhim;hvathefirþúgertafGunnari, whathastthoudonewithGunnar?; (7)denotingparentage,descent,origin; okeruafþeimkomnirGilsbekkingar, are descendedfromthem;kominnaf Trójumönnum, descendedfromtheTrojans;(8) by,of (afterpassive);ekem sendrhingatafStarkaði, senthitherby; ástsællaflandsmónnum, belovedof;(9) onaccountof,byreasonof,by;úbygðr atfrostiokkulda, becauseoffrostand cold;ómáliafáverkum, speechlessfrom wounds;afástældhans, byhispopularity; afþví, therefore;afhví, whereforwhy;af þvíat, because;(10) bymeansof,by;framfœrae-nafverkumsínum, bymeansof hisownlabour;afsínufé, byone’sown means;absol.,hannfekkafhinamestu sœmd, derivedgreathonourfromit;(11) withadjectives, inregardto;mildraffé, liberalofmoney;góðrafgriðum, merciful; fastrafdrykk, close(stingy)inregardto drink;(12)usedabsol.withaverb, off away;hannbaðhannþáróaaffjörðinn, torowthefirthoff;okerþeirhöfðuaf fjörðung, whentheyhadcoveredoneforth

oftheway;sofaafnóttina, tosleepthe night away. afar,adv.,usedasanintensivebefore anadj.oranotheradv., very,exceedingly (a. auðigr, a. breiðr, a. vel, a. illa).

afarkosta-laust, adv. on fair terms. afar-kostr,m. hardterms; -ligr,a. immense,huge; -menni,n. anoutstandingman; -orð,n. overbearingword; -úðigr,a. overbearing; -yrði,n.pl. proud speech.

af-auðit,pp.n.,e-mverðrafauðitum e-t, onehasbadluck(fails)inathing; -blómga (að),v. todepriveofflowers; fig.,afblómgafrægðe-s, todetractfrom one’sfame; -boð,n. threats,highwords; -bragð,n. paragon (afbragðannarra manna);ingenitiveasaprefixtonouns, surpassing,excellent (afbragðsvænleikr, afbragðs maðr).

afbragðligr, a. surpassing. afbrigð, n. deviation, transgression. afbrigðar-tré,n. treeoftransgression. af-brigði,n.(1) alteration;(2)=-brigð; -brot,n. offence,transgression; -brugðning,f. deviation; -brúðigr,a. jealous; -brýða (-dda, -ddr),v. tobe jealous; -brýði, n. jealousy. afburðar,gen.from‘afburðr’,usedas anintensivebeforeadjectivesandadverbs, very,exceedingly (a.digr,a.vænn, a. sterkliga, a. vel).

afburðar-maðr,m. manofmark; -samr,a. giventodistinguishoneself; -skip, n. first-rate ship. af-burðr,m. superiority;kvaðhonum eigiannatvænnatilafburðar, togetthe betterofit;okvildaek,athónyrðieigi meðminnumafburðum, lessglorious; -dalr,m. aremote,anout-oj-the-way,

valley; -deilingr,m. part,portion, share; -dráttr,m.(1) diminution,deduction;(2) subtraction; -drif,n.pl. destiny, fate (líkligrtilstórraafdrifa); -drykkja, f.=ofdrykkja; -dœma (-da, -dr),v.(1) totakeawayfromonebyjudicialdecision (afdœmae-ne-u);(2) toprohibit; -eggja (að),v. todissuade; -eigna (að),v. todispossess (afeignae-me-t); -eista (að),v. tocastrate; -erfa (-ða, -ðr),v. todisinherit; -eyringr,m. onewhoseearshave beencutoff; -fall,n. diminution,abatement;seljae-tmeðafföllum, tosellata discount. affara-,gen.pl.from‘afför’, departure;hence affara-dagr,m. thelastday ofafeast;-dagrjóla, TwelthNight; affara-kveld,n. thelasteveningofafeast. af-feðrast (að),v. todegenerate; -ferma (-da, -dr),v. tounload (afferma skip); -fletta (-tta, -ttr),v. tostrip (afflettae-ne-u); -flutningr,m.(1) depreciation;(2) dissuasion; -flytja (see flytja),v.(1) todisparage (afflytjafyrir e-m);(2) torepresentasunadvisable; -fœra,v. tomisrepresent; -gamall,a. veryold,decrepit; -ganga,f.(1) digression;(2) deviationfromtherightcourse (afgangaguðslaga); -gangr,m.(1) surplus;hafaheymeðafgöngum, tospare; afgangs, leftover,remaining;(2) decease, death; -gelja,f. chattering; -gipt,f. indulgence, absolution. afgiptar-bréf, n. letter of indulgence. af-gjarn,a. eagertobeoff (afgjarnter öfundarfé); -gjöf,f. tribute; -glapa (að),v. todisturbanassemblyorpublic meeting; -glapan,f. disturbance (þings afglapan); -glapi,m. fool,simpleton; -greizla, f. payment, contribution. afgöngu-dagr, m. = affara-dagr.

af-gøra (-ða, -ðr),v. todoamiss,do wrong (ekhefienganhlutafgørtviðþik); -gørð,f. transgression,offence; -hallr, a. havingadownwardslope; -haugr,m. side-mound; -hefð,f. withholding,anothet’sproperty; -helgast (að),refl. tobecomeunholy,tobeprofaned; -hellir,m. side-cave; -henda (-nda, -ndr),v.(1) to handover;(2) topay (afhendaskuld); -hendis,adv. offone’shand; -hendr,a. outofone’shand;segjae-n(sér)afhendan, togiveoneup; -hent,a.n. unfit (e-mere-tafhent); -heyrandi,pr.p. outofhearing; absent,opp.to‘áheyrandi’; -heyris,adv. outofhearing,opp.to ‘áheyris’; -hlaup,n. surplus; -hlutr,m. shareofathing; -hlýðast (-dd),v.refl. todisobey; -hrapi,m. impoverishment; -hroð,n. damage,loss;gjaldamikit afhroð, tosustainaheavyloss;geramikit afhroð, tomakegreathavoc; -huga,a.indecl. havingturnedone’smindfrom;verða afhugae-u, tomindno more; -hugaðr, a.=-huga(-hugaðrviðe-t); -hugast (að),v.refl. toputoutofone’smind,with dat.; -hús,n. outhouse,side-apartinent; -hvarf,n. deviationfromthedirectpath (opp.to‘gagnvegr’); -hýða (-dda, -ddr),v. toscourgethoroughly; -hylja (see hylja),v. touncover; -hyrning,f. by-corner,recess; -hæra (-ðs, -ðr),v. to cutoffthehair; -höfða (að),v. tobehead; -högg,n. hewingoff,mutilation; chippings.

afi,m.(1) grandfather;(2) man;a.eptir afa, in regular descent. af-kaup,n. badbargain (opp.to ‘hagkeypi’).

af-kárr, a. strange, prodigious. afkleyfis-orð,n., -samstafa,f. asuperfluous word, syllable (in a verse).

af-klæða (-dda, -ddr),v. toundress; refl.,afklæðast, toundressoneself; -komandi (pl. -endr),m. descendant; -kvistr,m. lateralbranch,offshoot; -kvæmi, n. offspring.

afkvæmis-maðr, m. descendant.

af-kynjaðr,pp. degenerate; -kynjast (að), v. refl. to degenerate.

afl, m. hearth of a forge.

afl,n.(1) physicalstrength (ramr styrkr,atafli);(2) force,violence taka meðafli, byforce;(3) pluralityofvotes, majority;okskalaflráda, themajority shalldecide;(4) virtue,inherentpower;a. dauðfœrandigrasa, thevirtueofpoisonous herbs.

afla (að),v. togain,earn,procure (a. e-me-s);a.sérfjárokframa, toearn fameandwealth;aflaðiþessibardagihonummikillarfrægðar, broughthimgreat fame;(2)withacc., toearn (aflaðihann þarfémikit);refl.,e-maflaste-t, one gainsathing;(3)withdat., toperform, accomplish (hannaflaðibráttmikillivinnu);withinfin., tobeable (ekkiaflar hann því at standa í móti yður).

afla-fár,a. shortofstrength; e-m verðr afla-fátt, one fails in strength.

aflag,n.(1) slaughteringofcattle;(2) gen., aflags = afgangs, left over. af-laga,adv. unlawfully; -lagliga, adv. = aflaga.

afla-lítill,a. deficientinstrength, weak; -maðr,m. powerfulman; -mikill, a.(1) strong;(2) powerful; -munr,m. odds;etjavið-muninn, tofightagainst odds.

aflan, f. gain, acquisition. aflanar-maðr, m. good steward. afla-skortr,m. short-cominginpower or strength; -stund, f. fishing season.

af-lausn,f.(1) discharge(release)from claim or obligation;(2) absolution,indulgence (aflausnsynda); -lot,n.(1) leaving off,relinquishing (aflátsynda,misverka); ánafláti, incessantly;(2) remission,pardon (aflatmisgerninga,synda); -láta (see láta),v.withinfin. tocease; -leggja (see leggja),v.(1) toputaside;(2) to giveup,abandon; -leiðing,f.(1) terms; góðarafleiðingarerumeðþeim, theyare ongoodterms;(2) metric.,continuation; -leiðingr,m.=afleiðing(1);þeirskildu góðanafleiðing, theypartedonfriendly terms; -leiðis,adv.(1) outoftheright pathorcourse (siglaafleiðis);(2)fig.,gangaafleiðis, togoastray;snua(draga, fœra)e-tafleiðis, topervert,misrepresent (þúfœrðirorðþeirraafleiðis);snúaemafleiðis, toleadastray; -leifar,f.pl. leavings,remnants; -leitinn,a. ofodd appearance; -leitliga,adv. perversely (illaokafleitliga); -leitligr,a. perverse, deformed; -leitr,a.(1) strange,hideous, disgusting (hversuafleitir oss sýnast þeirrahættir);(2)withdat., desertedby; afleitrhamingjunni, luckless; -lendis, adv. abroad (=erlendis); -lendr,a. far fromland,inopensea; -letja (see letja),v. todissuadefrom (afletjae-natgera e-t,afletjae-tfyrirsér); -létta (-tta, -tt),v. tocease;cf.léttaaf; -léttr,a. prompt, ready. afl-fátt,a.n. shortofstrength;e-m verðr -fátt, one fails in strength. afl-gróf,f. forge-fit; -hella,f. hearthstone in a forge. afli,m.(1) means,gain,earnings,proceeds (afliokherfang);(2) might,power; hafaaflatileinskis, tohavemeansfor nothing,beunabletodoanything;(3) troops,forces;þeirdragaaflaatýður, they

gatherforcesagainstyou;aflinn(themain body) Magnúss, konungs flýði allr. af-lima (að),v. todismember,mutilate; -lima,a.indecl.(1) dismembered,mutilated;(2)fig.,verðaaflima, tolosetheuse ofone’slimbs,tobecomeparalysed;verða e-maflima, tobepartedfrom (ekkveð aflimaorðnarþérdísir); -liman,f. dismembering, mutilation.

afl-lauss,a. nerveless,weak,palsied, paralytic; -leysi,n. weakness,nervelessness; -lítill,a. weak,feeble; -mikill,a. strong, of great strength. af-lofa,v. toprohibit; -loka (að),v. to open (afloka hurðina).

afl-raun,f. trial(proof)ofstrength (þóttiþettamikill-raun);pl. bodilyexercises (Skallagrímrhendimikitgamanat -raunumokleikum); -skortr,m. lackof strength; (skortr við þik fyrrum).

afls-maðr,m. strongman; -munr,m. difference in strength, odds. afl-vani,a. deficientinstrength;verða afl-vani, to succumb, be over-powered. afl-vóðvi, m. the biceps muscle. af-lögliga,adv. unlawfully; -lögligr, a. unlawful,contrarytolaw; -má (see má), v. toblotout,destroy; -mœðra (að),v. to wean; -nám,n.(1) takingaway,extirpation,destruction;(2)atafnámi, byreservation (beforedivisionofproperty,spoil, orinheritance);(3) loss (efhannverðrat skaðaþeimmönnum,erossmunþykkja afnám í); (4) surplus. afnáms-fé,n., -gripr,m. goods,an articleofvalue,takenbeforeadivision;cf. afnám (2).

af-nefjaðr,pp. havingthenosecutoff, noseless; -neita (að or -tta, -tt),v.(1) torenounce (afneitaveröldinni);(2) deny, refuse (eigivilekþvíafneita); -neitan,

-neiting,f. abnegation,renunciation,denial; -neyzla,f. use (afneyzlaskógarins); -nita (-tta, -tt), v. = -neita.

afr, n. some kind of beverage. afr, a. strong (a. í tvau áss brotnaði).

af-ráð,n. payment;gjaldaafráð, topay heavily, suffer severely. af-reið, f. setting off on horseback. af-reizla, f. outlay, payment. af-rek,n. greatachievement,deedof prowess (vinnaafrek;margirlofuðumjök afrek Egils).

af-reka (að),v. toachieve,perform (munu þér mikit afreka).

afreks-gripr,m. athingofgreatvalue; -maðr,m. avaliantman,hero; -verk,n. valiantdeed,greatachievement, exploit.

af-remma, f. restriction, encumbrance. afrendi,f. strength,valour; afrendr, a. strong (a. at afli); cf. afr-hendr.

af-rétt, f. common pasture, = af-réttr. afréttar-dómr,m. acourtheldfordecidingcausesconcerningcommonpasture; -menn,m.pl. partnersincommonpasture.

af-réttr,m. commonpasture (þater afréttr,ertveirmenneigosamaneða fleiri).

afr-hendr, a. strong, = afrendr.

af-roð,n.=afhroð,afráð; -róg,n. justification,excuse; -ruðningr,m. clearingof,defence; -runr (pl. -ir),m. injury, wrong; -rœkja (-ta, -tr),v. toneglect,= úrœkja(afrœkjaboðe-s);refl.,afrœkjast e-u ore-t,toneglect; toleaveoff (konungarafrœktustatsitjaatUppsölum); -saka (að),v. toexcuse,exculpate; -sakan, f. excuse,exculpation; -sanna (að),v. to provetobefalse,refute; -segja (seesegja),v.(1) toresign,renounce (afsagðihann

sérheiminn);(2) torefuse,deny (þeirafsögðuleiðangrútiathafa); -setning, f. deposition; -siða,a.indecl. immoral; -sifja (að),v. toalienatefromone’sfamily (afsifjasére-t); -síða,adv. aside, apart; -skapligr,a. monstrous,huge, shocking (afskapligtáfelli); -skeiðis, adv. outoftherightpath,astray,= afleiðis,afvegis; -skipan,f. dismissal, deposition; -skipta,a.indecl. wronged, cheated;veragörrafskipta, tobewronged. afskipta-lauss,a. havingnothingtodo with (gerasér-lauss-viðe-n); -lítill,a. caringlittleabout (ume-t); -samr,a.= afskiptinn. af-skipti,n.pl. dealings(with),intercourse (okengiafskiptiveitaheiðnum goðum); -skiptinn,a. meddlesome; -skiptr,pp.(1) wronged,cheated;(2)afskiptrafe-u, voidof,leavingnointerest in; -skrámligr,a. hideous,monstrous (afskrámligtillvirki); -skræmiliga,adv. hideously;óttastafskræmiliga, tobe scaredat; -skurðr,m. cutting,off; -skyld,f. obligation,encumbrance; -sliðra (að),v. tounsheath; -smekkr, m. taste; -snið,n. abitcutoff,snip; -sniðning, f. cutting or snipping off. afsniðningar-járn, n. chopper. af-sniðis,adv. obliquely,aslant (afsniðisumhandlegginn); -spraki,m. rumour,news; -springi,n.(1) offspring, progeny;(2) produce,growthoftheearth; -springr,m.(1)=-springi;(2) band,detachment;(3)fig. offshoot (ermikillván, atþarverðinökkurafspringrafþessum ófriði);(4) rumour,notice (fánökkurnafspringume-t); -spurn,f. news,information; -standa (see standa),v. tocease, partwith; -stigr,m. bypath; -stúka,f. side-nook,side-room; -styrmi,n.

manikin,pigmy; -svar,n. refusal;veita e-aafsvör, torefuse,deny; -svara (að), v. todeny,refuse (afsvarae-u or ume-t); -sveipa (að),v. touncover (afsveipalíkit); -sviptr,pp. deprivedof;afsviptrþinniásjónu, cutofffromthycountenance; -sýnis,adv. outofsight; -sæll,a. unfortunate, luckless. af-tak,n.(1) takingaway;(2) slaying, manslaughter;hvathannvildibjóðafyrir aftakGeirsteins, fortheslayingofG.; -taka,f.(1) takingaway,loss;(2) slaying, =aftak(hannhafðiveritataftöku Þorkels fóstra).

aftaka-maðr,m. adeterminedperson (-maðrume-t); -minni,a.compar. less stubborn, more pliable. af-tekja,f. revenue (ábúðokaftekja staðanna); -tekning,f. takingaway; -tekt,f.(1)=aftekja;(2)=aftak2; -telja (see telja),v. torepresentasunadvisable,dissuade (afteljae-tfyrire-m); -tigna (að),v. tostripofdignityorhonour; -trúa,f. unbeliefheresy; -trúa (að),v. tomakeoneabandonhisreligious faith;refl.,aftrúast, tofallintounbelief; -tœkiligr,a. adviseable; -tœkr,a. blameworthy (atfáittmuniveraaftœkt umskapsmuniyðra); -tœma (-da, -dr), v. toempty;refl.,aftœmast, tobeemptied or cleared of (e-u).

afusa, f. gratitude; see ‘aufusa’. af-valdr,a.veraafvaldre-u or e-s, to bethecauseofathing; af-vega,adv. out oftherightway,astray; -vegaðr,pp. led astray,misled; -vegar, -vegis,adv.= -vega; -velta,a.indecl. fallenontheback andunabletorise; -vensla,f. expenses, outlay; -vik,n. creek,recess; -vinna,f.= afvensla.

af-virða (-rða, -rðr),v.(1) todis-

grace,dishonour (afvirðanáungasinn); afvirðafyrire-m, tothrowasluronone; (2) todetest,abhor (afvirðaódáðirnar); refl.,afvirðast, tothinkitunworthyofoneself, with infin.

afvirðiligr, a. detestable, mean. af-virðing,f. disparagement,depreciation; -vænn,a. unexpected,=úvænn; -vöxtr,m. decrease,loss,opp.to‘ávöxtr’.

af-þokka (að),v. todisparage,discredit,tobringintodiscredit (afþokkafyrir e-m);refl.,afþokkaste-m, todisplease; -þokkan,f.(1) disparagement;(2) displeasure,dislike; -þvattr,m. washing off,ablution; -þýða (-dda, -ddr),v.= afvirða, afþokka; -æta, f. a great bully. aga,v.impers.,núagirvið, nowthereis a great uproar. aga-lauss,a.(1) freefromdisturbances (varnúalltkyrtokagalaust);(2) undiminished; -samligr,a. unruly; -samr,a. turbulent;agasamtmunþáverðaíheraþinu,ef, therewillbeuproarinthedistrict, if.

agi,m.(1) awe,terror (þáskelfrjörðóllí agamiklum);(2) uproar,turbulence (a.ok úfriðr); (3) discipline, constraint. agn,n. bait;gangaáagnit, tonibblethe bait; -sax,n. aknifeforcuttingbait; -ör, f. barb of a fish hook. aka (ek, ók, ókum, ekinn),v.(1) to drive (avehicleoranimaldrawingavehicle),withdat.:gotterheilumvagniheim ata., itisgoodtogethomesafeandsound; a.þrennumeykjum, withthreeyokeof horses;(2) tocarryorconveyinavehicle, tocart,withdat.oracc.(hannókheyjum sínumáyxnum;hannókskarniáhóla); a.samanhey, tocarthay;líkinváruekin ísleða, carriedinasledge;(3)withthe prep.íorá;Freyrókíkerrumeðgelti; ríðrÞ.hestiþeim,erhannhafðiekitá; (4)absol., todriveinavehicle(fóru þeir ísleðannokókuallanóttina);withacc. oftheroad(ókuúrgarbrautir);(5)naut., totrimthesail (a.seglumatendilöngum skipum);(6) toremove,withdat.;ók hannafsérfjötrinum, workeditoffby rubbing;ókOddrsérþarat, workedhimselfthither (ofafetteredprisoner);a.emábug or a.bug;áe-n, tomakeonegive way,repel;intrans.=akast, tomoveslowly;hvárrgiók (gaveway) fyriroðrum;a. undan, toretire,retreat;(7)impers.,hart ekrate-m, oneisingreatstraits;ekrnú mjókat, Iamhardpressed;e-mverðrnær ekit, onegetsintostraits,ishardpressed; refl.,e-mekste-títauma, oneisthwarted in a thing. akarn, n. acorn. ak-braut,f. carriage-road; -fmri,n. driving gear, carriage and harness. akkeri,n. anchor;liggjaumakkeri, to lieatanchor;leggjastuma., tocastanchor;heimtauppa., toweighanchor;a. hrífr við, the anchor holds. akkeris-fleinn,m. flukeofananchor; -lauss,a. withoutanchor; -leggr,m. shankofananchor; -lægi,n. anchorage; -sát,f.=-lægi; -stokkr,m. anchorstock; -strengr,m. anchor-rope,cable; -sæti, n. = -sát. akr (gen. akrs,pl. akrar),m.(1) field,corn-field (bleikirakrarenslegin tún);(2) crop (þeirhófðuniðrbrotitakra hans alla).

akra-ávöxtr,m. produceofthefields; -gerði,n. enclosureofarableland; -merkil,n. field-boundary; -skipti,n. parcellingoutoffields; -spillir,m. destroyer of fields.

akr-dái,m. akindofweed(galeopsis); -deili,n. patchofarableland; -for,f. plough-forrow; -gerð, f. agriculture. akrgerðar-maðr, m. husbandman. akr-gerði,n. enclosureofarableland; -hæna,f. quail; -karl,m. ploughman, reaper; -kál,n. potherbs; -kvísl,f. dungfork,=mykikvísl; -land,n. arableland; -lengd,f. field’slength (sváatakrlengd varímillumþeirra); -lykkja,f.=-gerði; -maðr, m. = -karl, akrgerðarmaðr. akrplógs-maðr, m. ploghman. akr-rein,f. stripofarableland; -skipti,n. divisionofafield; -skurðr,m. reaping.

akrskurðar-maðr, m. reaper. akr-súra,f. field-sorrel; -tíund,f. tithepaidonarableland; -verð,n. price ofacornfield; -verk, field-work,harvestwork.

akrverks-maðr,m. husbandman; tiller of the ground. akta (að),v.(1) tonumber,tax,value (a. fólkit,a.vísaeyrikonungs);(2) toexamine,searchinto (aktiðþéroköllleyniþau, erhannmáfelast);(3) todevoteattention to,tostudy (a.ýmisligaríþróttir,bókligarlistir);(4) toprocure (a.þáhlutier hinumsjúkahenta);a.e-tinn, tofurnish, supply;(5) todebate,discussinparliament (núsemþettavaraktat,gengumenntil lögréttu).

ak-tamr,a. tameundertheyoke (griðungr-tamr); -taumr,m.esp.inpl. aktaumar, braces(straps)ofasail (cf.aka segli);Þórarinnhafði-taumanaum herðarsér, hadthebracesroundhisshoulders;sitjaí-taumum, tomanagethesail; fig., tohavethewholemanagementofa thing. ala (el, ól, ólum, alinn),v.(1) to

beget;bornóluþau, theybegatchildren; börnþau,erhannelrviðþeirrikonu, begetsbythatwoman;(2) tobear,give birthto (þóraólbarnumsumarit);börn þauóll,eralinerufyrirjól, whoareborn beforeChristmas;alnirokúalnir(= úbornir), bornandunborn,presentand futuregenerations;(3) tobringup(children);alaskalbarnhverterboritverðr, every child thatisbornshallbebroughtup; addingtheparticle‘upp’skaleigiuppalla,heldrútberaarnþetta, thischildshall notbebroughtup,butbeexposedtoperish; ofanimals, torear,breed (einnsmásauð, erhannólheimaíhúsisínu);(4) togive foodto,harbour,entertain (a.gestokganganda);guðelrgesti, Godpaysforthe guests;(5)fig.invariousphrases;a.aldr, a.aldrsinn, topassone’sdays;a.sút to grieve,mourn (=sýta);a.önnofe-t or at e-u, totakecareof,seeto;a.e-teptirem, togiveoneencouragementinathing (ól hanneptirengummönnumódáðir);a.á mál, topressorurgeamatter (núelrGunnarr á málit við þórð ok segir).

alaðs-festr,f. thelastounce (eyrir) of thesum ‘fjörbaugr’ tobepaidbyaconvict in the Court of Execution. al-auðn,f. totaldevastation; -auðr,a. altogetherwaste; -bata,a.indecl completelycured,quitewell; -berr,a.(1) quitebare,stark-naked;(2) manifest; -bitinn,pp. bittenallover; -bjartr,a. quitebright,brilliant; -blindr,a. stoneblind; -blóðugr,a. bloodyallover; -breiðr,a. ofthefullbreadth (albreitt lérept); -brotinn,pp. quitebroken,shattered; -brynjaðr,pp. casedinmail; -búa (seebúa),v. tofitout,furnishorequip completely (albúakirkju); -búinn,pp.(1) completelyequipped (okerBjörnvaral-

búinnokbyrrranná);(2)albúinne-s,at gerae-t, quiteready(willing)todoathing; -bygðr,pp. completelyinhabited,atalbygðulandi, afterthecolinizationwasfinished.

alda,f. aheavy(swelling)wave,aroller. alda, gen. pl. of ‘öld’. aldafars-bók,f.= DeRationeTemporum,aworkbyBede(svásegirheilagr Bedaí-bókþeirri,erhanngerðiumlandaskipan í heiminum).

alda-mót,n.pl. themeetingoftwo(lunar) cycles, change of cycles. aldar, gen. sing. of ‘öld’. aldar-eðli,n. everlastingpossession (at-eðli); -faðir,m. patriarch; -far,n. spiritormannersoftheage; -mál,n. tenureforlife; -menn,m.pl.,hinirfyrstu -mennvárir, ourfirstancestors; -rof,n. endofages; -róg,n. strifeofmen; -tal, n. age (gamallat-tali); -trygðir,f.pl. everlasting truce; -þopti, m. = aldavinr. alda-skipti,n. changeoftime; -tal,n. (1) chronology;(2) computationoftime (by the various chronological cycles).

al-dauða,a.indecl. deadandgone,extinct (eptirdauðaHaraldsvaraldauðahin fornaættDanakonunga);aldauðaarfr, inheritance to which there is no heir alive.

alda-vinr, m. old, trusty friend. aldin,n. tree-fruit (nuts,acorns,apples);fig.,blezatséa.kviðarþíns, the fruit of thy womb.

aldin-berandi, pr. p. bearing fruit. aldin-falda,a.indecl. wearinganoldfashioned head-dress. aldin-garðr, m. garden, orchard. aldini, n. = aldin.

aldin-lauss,a. bearingnofruit (-laust tré).

aldinn, a. old (inn aldni jötunn).

aldin-skógr,n. woodoffruit-trees; -tré,n. fruit-tree; -viðr,m. fruitbearing trees.

aldr (gen. aldrs),m.(1) age,life-time; sautjánvetraataldri, seventeenyearsof age;ungrataldri, young;áungumaldri, in(one’s)youth;ágamalsaldri, in(one’s) oldage;hniginnataldri, inthedeclineof life;hniginnáefraaldr, strickeninyears; áléttastaaldri, intheprimeoflife;lifa langanaldr, toenjoyalonglife;nema,rænae-naldri, totakeone’slife;týna(slíta)aldri, toloseone’slife;(2) oldage;vera viða., tobeupinyears;aldrifarinn or orpinn, veryold;(3) longperiod,age (eptir margavetrokmikinna.);allana. through alltime,always;ofa.,uma.(okæfi), for everandever;afteranegation, ever (þvílíkagersemihöfumvéreigisétuma.); hverruma.varsvádjarfr, whoeverwasso bold?

aldraðr, a. elderly (öldruð kona). aldr-dagar,m.pl.,um-daga, forever andever (=umaldr); -fremd,f. everlasting honour. aldri,adv.(1) never (a.skalekheðan gangafyrrenhannríssupp);(2) ever,afteraprecedingnegativeoracomparative(ernúørvæntatvérmunuma.fádýr skotit);gerðuþáverraenaldrifyrr, worst than ever before. aldrigi (aldri-gi,dat.ofaldrwiththe negative suffix -gi), adv. = aldri. aldr-lag,n.(1) one ’sappointedlotor fortune,destiny;(2) endoflife,death; verða e-m at -lagi, to bring one to his end. aldr-lok,n.pl. endoflife,death; -máli,m. tenureforlife; -nari,m.poet. nameof fire; -runar,f.pl. life-runes, charmsforpreservinglife; -sáttr,a. on termsofpeaceforever; -slit,n.pl. endof

life, death (til -slita).

aldre-munr, m. difference in years. aldr-stamr,a. fey,doomedtodeath; -tili,m. lossoflife,death; -tjón,n. loss of life; -tregi, m. life-long sorrow. ald-rœnn, a. elderly, aged. aldyggiligr, -dyggr,a. faithful; -dæli, a. very easy to deal with, gentle. aleiga,f. one’sentireproperty; aleigumál,n., -sök,f. asuitinvolvingaperson’s whole property. al-eyða (-dda, -ddr),v. tolaytotally waste,devastate; -eyða,f. devastation; geraaleyðu, toturnintoawilderness; -eyða,a.indecl. altogetherwaste,empty, voidofpeople (þarvaraleyðaatmönnum);hannbrennirokgeriraleyðalandit, makes the land an utter waste. al-fari,a.fara(ríðaíbrott)al-fari, to goaway(rideoff)forgood; -farinn,pp. wornout,fargone; -feginn,a. veryglad; -frjáls,a. quitefree; -fróðr,a. very wise; -fullr,a. quitefull; -fúinn,a. quiterotten; -föðr,m. fatherofall (name ofOdin); -gangsa,a.indecl. quitecommon; -geldr,a. quitegelded; -gera (-ða, -ðr), v. to finish, make perfect. alger-leikr,m. perfection; -liga,adv. completely, fully; -ligleikr, m. = -leikr. al-gerr,a. perfect,complete; finished; -gervi,f.(1) perfection;(2) fullattire; -gildi, n. full value. algildis-vitni, n. competent witness. al-gjafta,a.indecl. stall-fed; -gleymingr,m. greatglee;slááalgleyming, tobecomeverymerry; -góðr, a. perfectlygood; -grár,a. quitegrey; -gróinn,pp. perfectlyhealed; -grœnn, a. quitegreen; -gullinn,a. all-golden; -gæft, adv. fully. al-gøra — al-gørvi, see algera, &c.

al-heiðinn,a. utterlyheathen; -heilagr,a. all-holy; -heill,a.(1) completely whole,entire;(2) perfectlyhealthy (alheill atlíkam); -heilsa,f. perfecthealth; -henda,f. ametrehavingtwopairsof rhymingwordsineveryline; -hending,f. =-henda; -hendr,a. withfullrhymein everyline (tvaukvæðialhend); -hreinn, a. quitepure,clean; -huga,a.indecl. wholehearted,infullearnest; -hugat,pp. n. resolved,fullydetermined;efþérerþat alhugat, ifyouareinrealearnest;adv. inearnest,sincerely (iðrastalhugat); -hugi,m. earnest;þettaeralhugiminn, I aminrealearnest; -hugligr,a. sincere; -hungraðr,a. starving,famished; -húsa (að),v. tobuildfully; -hvítr,a. quite white; -hýsa (-ta, -tr),v.=-húsa;alhýst, withallthebuildingsfinished; -hýsi,n. allthefarm-buildings; -hœgr, a. quiteeasy; smooth (alhœgttungubragð).

ali-björn,m. tamebear; -dýr,n. domesticanimal; -fískr,m. fishfattenedin apond; -fugl,m. tamefowl; -gás,f. tame goose. alin (gen.sing. alnar or álnar;pl. alnar or álnir),f.=öln;(1)theoldIcelandicell(abouthalfayard);(2) unitof value,anellofwoollenstuff (a.vaðmáls), = one sixth of an ounce(eyrir).

ali-sauðr,m. home-fed(pet)sheep; -svín, n. tame swine. al-jafn,a. quiteequal; -járnaðr,pp. shodonallfourfeet; -keyptr,pp. dearly bought,=fullkeyptr; -klæðnaðr,m. a fullsuitofclothes; -kristinn,a. entirely Christian; -kristnaðr,pp. completely christianized; -kunna,a.indecl.(1) universallyknown,notorious (semalkunnaer orðit);(2) fullyinformed;unzalkunna,

untilIhnowthewhole; -kunnigr,a., -kunnr,a. notorious; -kyrra,a.indecl. completely calm, tranquil. all- maybeprefixedtoalmostevery adjectiveandadverbinanintensive sense, very,extremely; -annt,a.n. very eager; -apr,a. veryharsh; -auðsóttligr,a. veryeasytoaccomplish; -auðveldliga,adv. veryeasily; -auðveldr,a. veryeasy; -ágætr,a. very famous; -áhyggjusamliga,adv. very anxiously; -ákaftiga,adv. withmuchardour; -ákaft,adv. veryfast (riða-ákaft); -áræðiliga,adv. veryoppositely; -áræðislítill,a. verytimid; -ástúðligr,a. veryhearty,intimate; -beinn,a. veryhospitable; -beiskr,a. veryharsh, bitter; -bitr,a. verysharp; -bjartr,a. verybright,splendid; -bjúgr,a. very muchbent; -bliðliga,adv. verykindly; -blíðr,a. verymild,gentle; -bráðgórr, a. veryprecocious; -brosligr,a. very laughable,funny; -digr,a. verybig; -djarfliga,adv. veryboldly; -drengiliga,adv. verygallantly; -dræmt,adv. very boastfully; -dýrr,a. verydear; -eigulegr,a. veryprecious; -einarðliga,adv. veryfrankly,sincerely; -eldiligr,a. of averyagedappearance; -fagr,a. very bright,fair; -fast,adv. veryfirmly;drekka-fast todrinkveryhard; -fastorðr, a. verytruetoone’sword; -fámáligr,a. ofveryfewwords; -fámennr,a. followed orattendedtobyveryfewpersons; -fáræðinn,a. verycharyofwords; -feginn,a. veryglad; -fegin-samliga, adv. verygladly; -feigligr,a. havingthe markofdeathplainonone’sface; -feitr, a. veryfat; -fémikill,a. verycostly; -fjarri,adv. veryfar,farfrom; -fjartekit,pp.n. veryfarfetched;

-fjölkunnigr,a. verydeeplyversedin sorcery; -fjölmennr,a. followedorattendedbyverymanypeople; inverygreat numbers; -fjölrœtt,pp.n. verymuch talkedof; -forsjáll,a. veryprudent; -frekr,a. verydaring; -fríðr,a. very beautiful; -fróðr,a. verylearned; -frægr,a. veryfamous; -fúss,a. veryeager; -fýsiligr, a. very desirable. all-föðr,m. fatherofall (anameof Odin).

all-gamall,a. veryold; -gemsmikill, a. verywanton; -gerla,adv. veryclearly, precisely; -gerviligr,a. verymanly; -gestrisinn,a. veryhospitable; -geysiligr,a. veryimpetuous; -glaðliga,adv. veryjoyfully; -glaðr,a. veryjoyfull; -glatt,adv. verybright (ljósbrann -glatt); -gleymr,a. verygleefull,inhigh spirits(verða-gleymrviðe-t); -glæsiligr,a. veryshiny,splendid; -gløggsær, a. clearlyvisible,verytransparent; -gløggt,adv. veryprecisely (vitae-t-gløggt); -góðr,a. verygood; -góðvænliga,adv. verypromisingly; -grimmr,a. verycruel orfierce; -grunsamliga,adv. verysuspiciously; -gørla,adv.=-gerla; -gørviligr,a.=-gerviligr; -harðr,a. veryhard, stern; -heimskr,a. verysilly,stupid; -herðimikill,a. verybroad-shouldered; -hjaldrjúgr,a. verytalkative; -hógliga,adv. verygently; -hraustr,a. very valiant; -hrumliga,adv. veryinfirmly (fromage); -hræddr,a. verymuch afraid; -hræðinn,a. verytimid; -hugsjúkr,a. verymuchgrieved,anxious; -hvass,a. blowingveryhard (var -hvastínorðan); -hyggiligr,a. very prudentjudicious; -hæðiligr,a. very scoffing; -hældreginn,a. veryslowin walking,draggingtheheels; -hœgliga,

adv. gently,meekly (svara-hœgliga); -iðinn,a. verydiligent; -illa,adv. very badly; -illr,a. verybad; -jafnlyndr,a. very calin, even-tempered. al-ljóss,a.(1) quitelight;dagraljóss, broad daylight; (2) quite clear. all-kaldr,a. verycold; -kappsamliga,adv. withzerymuchzeal,veryliberally; -karlmannliga,adv. verymanfully; -kaupmannliga,adv.in averybusinesslikeway; -kátligr,a. veryfunny; -kátr,a. verymerry; -kerskiligr,a. veryfunny,pleasant; -kynligr,a. very strange; -kærr,a. verydear,beloved; -langr,a. verylong; -laust,adv. very loosely; -lágr,a. verylow,shortof stature; -léttbrúnn,a. ofverycheerful countenance; -léttmælt,pp.n. very cheerfullyspoken; -léttr,a. verylight(in weight); -líkliga,adv. inveryagreeable terms; -líkligr,a. verylikely; -líkr,a. verylike; -lítill,a. verylittle; -lyginn, a. muchgiventolying; -mannhættr,a. verydangerous; -mannskœðr,a. very murderous; -mannvænn,a.(aman) of verygreatpromise; -margliga,adv. very affably; -margmæltr,a. verytalkative; -margr,a. verynumerous;pl.allmargir, verymany; -margrœtt,pp.n. verymuch spokenof; -málugr,a. veryloquacious; -máttfarinn,a. verymuchwornout; -máttlítill,a. veryweak; -meginlauss,a. veryvoidofstrength; -mikill, a. verygreat; -misjafnt,adv. veryvariously,inverydifferentways; -ljóss,a. verylight; -mjór,a. veryslim,slender; -mjök,adv. verymuch; -nauðigr,a. very reluctant; -nauðuliga,adv. verydangerously (-nauðuligastaddr); -náinn,a. very near,nearlyrelated; -nær,adv. verynear; -nærri, adv. = -nær.

al-loðinn,a. shaggyallover; -lokit, pp. n. entirely gone. all-opt,adv. veryoften; -orðfátt,a. n.,geraallorðfáttum, tobeverycharyof words as to; -ógurligr, a. very frightfull. allr (öll, allt),a.(1) all,entire, whole;hónáallanarfeptirmik, shehas alltheheritageafterme;aföllumhug, withall(one’s)heart;hvítra., whiteall over;búallt, thewholeestate;allan daginn, thewholeday;íallriveröld, inthe wholeworld;allanhálfanmánuð, forthe entirefortnight;withadditionof‘saman’; alltsamanféit, thewholeamount;um þennahernaðallansaman,all together; (2)usedalmostadverbially, all,quite,entirely;klofnaðihanna.ísundr, hewas allclovenasunder,kváðuÖrnallanvillast, thathewasaltogetherbewildered;var Hrappra.brottu, quitegone;a.annarr maðr, quiteanotherman;(3) gone,past; áðrþessidagrera., beforethisdayispast; varþáóllþeirravinátta, theirfriendship wasallover;allternúmittmegin, my strengthisexhausted,gone;(4) departed, dead (þáerGeirmundrvara.);(5)neut. sing.(allt)usedasasubst.inthesense of all,everything;eigierennþeirraallt, theyhavenotyetaltogetherwonthegame; þávarallt (all,everybody) viðþáhrætt; hérerskammættallt, hereeverythingis transient;withacompar. allthemore (því ölluþungbærri);withgen.,alltmissera (=öllmisseri), alltheyearround;alltannars, alltherest; at ölluannars, inall otherrespects;allsfyrst, firstofall;alls mest, mostofall;inadverbialphrases: atöllu, inallrespects,ineveryway;íöllu, ineverything;meðöllu, wholly,quite; neitameðöllu, torefuseoutright;(6)pl. allir(allar,öll),asadj.orsubstantively,

all(þeirgenguútallir);óröllum fjórðungumálandinu, fromallthequartersoftheland;alliraðrir, allothers,every oneelse;flestirallir, nearlyall,thegreatestpartof;gen.pl.(allra)asanintensive withsuperlatives, ofallthings,all the more;núþykkirmérþatallrasýnst,er, allthemorelikely,as;allrahelzt,erþeir heyra, particularlynowwhentheyhear; allra sízt, least of all. allraheilagra-messa,f., -messudagr, m. All Hallow-mass, All Saints’ day. all-rammskipaðr,pp. verystrongly manned; -rauðr,a. veryred; -ráðligr, a. veryadvisable; -reiðiligr,a. looking veryangry; -reiðr,a. veryangry; -ríkmannligr,a. verygrand,magnificent; -rikr,a. verypowerful; -röskliga,adv. very briskly. alls,gen.sing.of‘allr’,usedasanadv.; (1)a.ekki(eigi), notatall,bynomeans; þeirugðua.ekkiatsér, theywerenotabit afraid;a.engi, nooneatall;sometimes withoutanegativefollowingit, quite,altogether;æra.geldar, ewesquitebarren; a.vesall, altogetherwretched;hannvareigia.tvítugr, notquitetwentyyearsold; (2)inconnectionwithnumbers, inall; allsfórustníumenn, thereperishednine inall;(3) far;allsoflengi,allstillengi, far too long a time. alls,conj. as,since (a.þúertgóðr drengrkallaðr);withadditionof‘er’(a. er þú ert svá þráhaldr á þínu máli).

all-sannligr,a. verylikely; -sáttfúss,a. veryplacable; -seinn,a. very slow; -seint, adv. very slowly. alls-endis,adv.,esp.withapreceding negative, ineveryrespect,quite,thoroughly;also,tilalls-endis; -háttar,adv. of every kind.

allsherjar-, general,public,common; -búð,f. theboothofthe -goði; -dómr, m. publicjudgement; -fé,n. publicproperty; -goði,m. thesupremepriest (who openedthealþingieveryyear); -lið,n. publictroops; -lýðr,m. thepeople,commonalty; -lög,n.pl. publiclaw; -þing,n. general assembly.

all-sigrsæll,a. verysuccessfulinwar; -skammr,a. veryshort;neut.,-skammt, averyshortway,shortdistance; -skömmu, averyshorttimeago; -skapliga, adv. veryfittingly; -skapværr,a. ofa verygentledisposition; -skapþungr,a. verydepressedinspirit (e-mer -skapþungt); -skemtiligr,a. veyamusing; -skillítill,a. very-untrustworthy; -skjallkœnliga,adv. inaveycoaxing way; -skjótt,adv. verysoon; -skygn,a. verysharp-sighted; -skyldr,a.(1) very obligatory,neut.,-skylt, boundenduty; (2) verynearlyrelated,nearakin; -skynsamliga,adv. velyjudiciously; -sköruligr,a. verystrikingormagnificent (allsköruligveizla); -slæliga,adv. verysluggishly; -slœliga,adv. verycunninly; -smár,a. verysmall; -snarpliga, adv. verysharplyorsmartly; -snarpr,a. verysharp; -snemma,adv. veryearly; -snjallr,a. veyshrewdorclever; -spakr,a. verygentle,verywise; -starsýnn,a. lookingfixedlyupon; -sterkligr,a. veystronglooking; -sterkr,a. verystrong; -stilliliga, adv. verycalmly,verycomposedly; -stirðr,a. verystiff; -stórhöggr,a. dealingveryhardblows; -stórliga,adv. veryhaughtily; -stórmannliga,adv. verymunificently; -stórorðr,a. using verybig,words; -stórr,a. verygreator big; -styggr,a. veryill-humoured,very

cross; -styrkliga,adv. verystoutly; -styrkr, a. very strong. alls-valdandi,pr.p.ofGod, Almighty; -valdari,m. almightyruler; -valdr,a.=-valdandi; -vesall,a. utterly wretched.

all-svangr, a. very hungry. all-svinnliga,adv. verywisely,prudently.

alls-völdugr, a. = alls-valdr. all-sættfúss,a. veryplacable,veryeager for peace. all-sœmiligr, a. very honourable. allt,neut.from‘allr’;(1) rightupto, alltheway;Brynjólfrgengra.athonum, closeuptohim;a.norðrumStað allthe waynorth,roundCapeStað;(2) everywhere;Sigröðrvarkonungra.umÞrændalög, overallDrontheim;vórusvírara. gullibúnir,all overlaidwithgold;(3) already;vórua.kominfyrirhannbréf, warrantsofarrestwerealreadyawaitinghim; (4)oftime, allthrough,until (a.til Jónsvöku);(5)a.til,a.of, fartoo (þúert a.ofheimskr);(6)a.ateinu,a.eins, all thesame,nevertheless (ekætlaþóútana. eins).

all-valdr,m. sovereign,king (heilit all-valdar báðir!).

allvalds-konungr, m. = allvaldr. all-vandlátr,a. verydifficultto please; -vandliga,adv. verycarefully,exacctly; -vant,a.n.,e-mer-vantum, oneisinaverygreatstrait; -varfœrr, a. verycautious,careful; -vaskr,a. very briskorgallant; -veðrlítit,a.n. very calm; -vegliga,adv. splendidly,nobly; -vegligr,a. verygrand; -vel,adv. very well; -vesall,a. verymiserable,vile;

all-tillátsamr,a. veryindulgent; -tíðrœtt,pp.n. verymuchtalkedof; -tíðvirkr,a. veryquickatwork; -torfyndr,a. veryhardtofind; -torfœrt,a.n. veryhardtopass; -torsóttr,pp. verydifficulttoreach; -tortryggiliga,adv. verysuspiciously; -trauðr, a. veryslow,unwilling; -tregr,a. very tardy; -trúr,a. verytrue; -tryggr,a. verytrusty; -undarligr,a. verystrange; -ungr,a. veryyoung; -úbeinskeytr,a. shootingverybadly; -úblíðr,a. very harsh,unkind; -úbragðligr,a. veryilllooking; -údæll,a. veryuntractable; -úfagr,a. veryugly; -úfimliga,adv. veryawkwardly; -úframliga,adv. very timidly; -úfrýnn,a. verysullen; -úfrægr,a. veryinglorious; -úglaðr,a. very gloomy,sad; -úhœgr,a. verydifficult; -úhöfðingligr,a. veryplebeian; -úkátr,a. inverylowspirits; -úknár, a. veryweakofframe; -úkonungligr,a. veryunkingly; -úkunnigr,a. quiteunknown; -úlífligr,a. veryunlikelytolive; -úlíkliga,adv. veryunlikely; -úlíkr,a. veryunlike; -úmáttuliga,adv. very weakly; -úráðinn,a. veryundecided; -úráðliga,adv. veryunadvisedly or rashly; -úsannligr,a. veryunjust,veryunlikely; -úsáttfúss,a. veryimplacable; -úskyldr,a. farfrombeingincombenton one (hittætlaekmér-úskylt); -úspakr, a. veryunruly; -úsváss,a. veryuncomfortable (varþáveðr-úsvást); -úsýnn,a. very uncertain,verydoubtful; -úsæligr,a. of verywretchedappearance; -úvinsæll,a. veryunpopular; -úvísliga,adv. veryunwisely; -úvænligr,a. ofveryunfavourableprospect; -úvænn,a.(1) very ugly;(2) veryunpromisingorunfavourable;neut., -úvænt, veryunfavourably; -úþarfr,a. veryunprofitable, injurious (e-m).

-vingott,a.n. onveryfriendlyterms (var-vingottmeðþeim); -vinsæll,a. verypopular; -virðuligr,a. veryworthy, dignified; -vitr,a. verywise; -vitrliga, adv. veryprudently; -víða,adv. verywidely; -vígliga,adv. inaverywarlikemanner; -vígmannliga,adv. verymartially; -vígmóðr,a. quiteweariedoutwithfighting; -víss,a. quitecertain; -vænligr,a., -vænn,a. verypromising;þykkja-vænt ume-n, tobedelightedwithone; -vænt, adv. veryfavourably (konungrtókþessu -vænt); -vörpuligr,a. ofaverystately frame; -vöxtuligr,a. verytall; -þarfliga,adv. verypressingly;biðja-þarfliga, to begveryhard; -þéttr,a. verycrowded; -þrekligr,a. ofaveryrobustframe; -þungliga,adv. veryheavily;taka-þungligaáe-m, tobeveryhardupon; -þungr, a.(1) verydisagreeable,hard;(2) hostile, badlydisposedtowards (tile-s); -þykkr, a. verythick;félluþeir-þykkt, ingreat numbers; -œfr,a. veryfurious; -œgiligr,a. veryterrible; -œstr,pp. greatlyexcited; -örordr,a. veryfrank,outspoken; -øruggr, a. very unflinching. almanna-bygð,f. awell-peopleddistrict; -fœri,n. publicway; -leið,f. publicroad; -lof,n. universalpraise; -skript,f. generalconfession; -stofa,f. thecommonhall,opp.to‘litlastofa’; -tal,n.(1) commonreckoning (at-tali); (2) generalcensus; -vegr,m. highroad,= þjóðvegr, þjóðleið. al-máttigr,a. almighty; -máttr,m. almightiness,omnipotence; -menni,n. thepeople,public; -menniliga,adv. generally,commonly; -menniligr,a. general, common. almenning,f., almenningr,m.(1) commonland;(2) commonorpublicpas-

ture;(3) publicthoroughfare (inNorse towns);(4) thepeople,publicingeneral; (5) levy,conscription;fullr(allr),hálfralmenningr, afull(complete)orhalflevyof men and ships. almennings-bréf,n. proclamation; -drykkja,f. publicbanquet; -far,n. publicferry; -gata,f. publicroad; -glófar, m.pl. commongloves; -hús,n. ahousefor theuseoftravellers; -mörk,f., -skógr, m. publicforest; -stræti,n. publicthoroughfare; -tollr,m. publictax; -trú,f. Catholicfaith (=almenniligtrú); -vegr, m. public way; -öl, n. common ale. almennr, a. common, general, public. al-múgi,m. thecommons,commonpeople (konungrinnokalmúginn); -múgr, m.=al-múgi; -mæli,n.(1) commonsaying,generalreport;þateralmæli,at, all peoplesay(agree)that;(2) saying,proverb; þóttalmælitsannaðist,atmóðurbrœðrumverðimennlíkastir, thoughthe sayingprovedtrue,that; -mæltr,pp. spokenbyall;-mælttíðindi, commonnews; (2)ofachild thathaslearnttotalk; -mætti, n. = almáttr.

al-naktr, a. quite naked. alna-mál,n. measurebytheell (see alin).

al-nýr,a. quitenew; -nöktr,a.=alnaktr.

al-ogat,a., -ogi,m., -ogligr,a.,see -hugat, -hugi, -hugligr.

alr (-s, -ir),m.awl;skjálfaþóttihúsit, semáalsoddiléki, asifitwerebalanced on the point of an awl.

al-rauðr,a. quitered; -ráðinn,pp. quitedetermined; -ránn,a. utterlyplundered; -reyndr, pp. fully proved. alri, m. elder tree, see elri.

al-roskinn,a. quitegrownup;

altari A al-þingis

-rotinn,a. quiterotten; -rœmdr,pp. rumouredbyall;alrœmter, everyone says; -sagðr,pp. spokenofbyall; -sátt, f.,alsáttumsáttir, completelyreconciled; -sáttr,a. fullyreconciled; -sekr,a. an outlawinthegreaterdegree =skógarmaðr; -siða,a.indecl.,erKristnivaralsiða, whentheChristianfaithhadbecomeuniversal; -skip-aðr,pp.(1)ofaship, fully manned;(2)ofabench, quitefull; -skjaldaðr,a.closelysetwithshields; -skrifaðr,pp. writtenallover; -skygn,a. fullyseeing; -skyldr,a.(1) quiteboundin duty,obliged;(2) quitebinding; -slitinn, pp. quitewornout; -slíkr,a. quitethe same; -smíðaðr,pp. completelybuilt; -snauðr,a. verypoor; -snotr,a., -spakr,a. all-wise,veryclever; -stýfðr, pp.(ametre) inmasculinerhymes; -stýfingr,m. ananimalwithclose-cropped ears (=afeyringr); -svartr,a. quite black; -sveittr,a., -sveitugr,a. perspiringallover; -sviðr, -svinnr,a. allwise; -sýkn,a. altogetherfree or guiltless (al-sýknsaka); -sýkna,f. completerehabilitation; -sæll,a. altogetherhappy; -sætt,f., -sætti,n. completereconciliation. altari, n. and m. altar. altaris-blæja,f. altar-cloth; -bók,f. altar-book; -brík,f. altar-piece; -búnaðr,m. altar-furniture; -dagr,m. anniversaryoftheconsecrationofanaltar; -dúkr,m. altar-cloth; -embætti,n. serviceofthealtar; -fórn,f. offeringonthe altar; -gólf,n. thefloorroundanaltar; -horn,n. cornerofanaltar; -hús,n. chapel; -klæði,n. altar-cloth; -líkneski,n. imageplacedonanaltar; -messa, f. massatanaltar; -staðr,m. theplace whereanaltarstands; -steinn,m. altar-

slab; -stika,f. candlestickforanaltar; -þjónusta, f. altar service. al-tjaldaðr,pp. hungallroundwith tapestry; -ugat, a. = alhugat.

al-úð,f.(olderform ölúð) affection, sincerity. alúðar-maðr,m., -vinr,m. sincere or devoted friend. al-valdr, a. = allvaldr. alvara,f.(1) seriousness,earnest;taka e-tfyriralvöru, totakeitinearnest;vissa ekeigi,atþérvara., thatyouwerein earnest;(2) affection =alúð;eröllhansa. (inclination) til Ólafs konungs.

alvar-liga,adv.(1) seriously,earnestly; (2) heartily (fagnae-m-liga);(3) entirely (-ligahreinn); -ligr,a. hearty,affectionate (-lig vinátta).

al-vaskligr,a. mostvaliant,martial; -vaxinn,pp. quitegrownup; -vapnaðr, pp. infullarmour; -vátr,a. thoroughly wet,wetthrough; -al-verki and -verkja,a.indecl. aching,feelingpainsallover the body.

al-virkr,a.alvirkrdagr, afullworking day; -víst,a. withfullcertainty; -vitr,a. all-wise; -væpni,n. completearms;hafa alvæpni,meðalvæpni, (tobe)fullyarmed. al-vítr, f. fairy maid, Valkyrie. alvöru-liga,adv. earnestly,sincerely; -ligr,a.=alvarligr; -samliga,adv.= -liga; -samligr,a. sincere,devoted (samlig þjónusta).

al-yrkr,a.=alvirkr(dagr); -þakinn, pp. thatchedallover; -þiljaðr,pp. completely wainscotted or panelled.

alþingi,n. theannualparliamentor generalassembly oftheIcelandicCommonwealth (held in June).

al-þingis,adv. quite,altogether (=öllungis).

alþingis-dómr,m. courtofjusticeat the alþingi; -för,f. journeytothe a.; -helgun,f. inaugerationofthe a.; -lof, n. permission,leave,givenbythe a.; -mál, n. parliamentaryrulesorproceedings; -nefna,f. nominationofjudgesincourts ofthe a.; -reið,f. journeytothe a.; -sátt, f. agreemententeredintoatthe a.; -sáttarhald, n. the keeping of alþingissátt. al-þjóð,f. peopleingeneral (alþjóð manna).

al-þykkr,a. quitethick,foggy (veðr alþykkt).

al-þýða,f.(1) thewholepeople (bauð hannalþýðuríkissínsatgöfgalíkneskjuna);(2) peopleingeneral,themajorityor bulkofthepeople (varþatheitþáfestok játatafaltrialþýðu);veralíttviðalþýðu skap, tobeupopular;(3) thecommonpeople (ánauðokúlfrelsigekkyfirfólkallt, bæði ríka menn ok alpýðu).

al-þýðast (dd),v.refl.,alþýðasttiles, toinclinetowards,attachoneselfto; -þýði, n. = þýða.

alþýðis-fólk, n. the common people. alþýðligr,a. common,general;-ligr maðr=mennskrmaðr, acommonman;í ligrirœðu, inordinaryspeech;hittværi -ligra, more plain. alþýðu-drykkja,f. commonbanquet; -leið,f. high-road (=almannaleið); -lof, n. generalpraise,popularity; -mál,n. generalreport; -tal,n. commonreckoning,opp.to‘rímtal’; -vápn,n. ordinary weapon; -vegr,m.=-leið; -virðing,f. publicopinion; -vitni,n. universaltestimony; -þyss, m. general tumult. al-þægr,a. quiteacceptableorpleasing (toone); -œstr,pp. quiteexcited,stirred up. ama (að),v. tovex,molest;refl.,amast

viðe-n,e-t, toinconvenience,trouble (ömuðustliðsmennlíttviðhana); toobjectto,disapprove,showdisliketo (a.við bygð e-s).

amalera (að),v. toenamel (foreign word).

amban, f. (Norse) = ömbun. ambátt,f.(1) bondwoman;(2) concubine.

ambátta-fang,n. tusslebetweenbondwomen. ambáttar-barn,n., -dóttir,f. child, daughterofabondwoman; -ligr,a. vile, likean ambátt; -mót,n. exfiression (mien)ofabondwoman (ereigi-mótá henni); -sonr, m. son of a bondwoman. amboð, n. = andboð, annboð. amma,f. grandmother (fóður-móðir, móður-móðir).

ampli, m., ampúll, m. jug (ampulla). amra (að),v. tohowloryellpiteously (of cats).

an, conj. than (an old form for ‘en’). and-,aprefixdenotingwhateveris opposite,against,towards,andfig. hostile, adverse; often spelt an- or ann-. anda (að),v. tobreathe,live (meðan þeirmegua.);refl.,andast, tobreathe one’slast,die; andaðr,pp. dead;húnvar þá önduð, had breathed her last. anda-gift,f. inspiration; -kast,n. breathing; -lauss,a. withoutbreathing (lifa-lauss); -liga,adv. spiritually; -ligr, a. spiritual (-lig fœða). andar-,gen.from‘önd’; -auga,n. spiritualeye; -dauði,m. spiritualdeath; -dráttr, m. breath, respiration. andar-egg,n. duck’segg; -fygli,n. ducks. andar-gjöf,f.=-gift; -gustr,m. breathofwind; -heilsa,f. spiritualwel-

andar-steggi A

fare; -kraptr,m. strengthofmind; -rúm,n. breathingtime; -sár,n. mental wound. andar-steggi, -steggr, m. drake. andar-sýn,f. vision; -tak,n. breath; -vani, -vanr, a. breathless, lifeless. and-blásinn,pp. blownup,inflated with wind or air. and-boð, n. utensil (= annboð). and-dyri, n., -dyrr, f. pl. porch. and-fang, n. reception, hospitality. and-fælur,f.pl. fright;vaknameð -fælum, to awake in a fright. and-fœtingr,m.(1) apersonwhose feetareturnedbackwards;(2)pl. andfœtingar, Antipodes. and-hlaup, n. suffocation. and-hvalr, m. bottle-nosed whale. andi,m.(1) breath,breathing;a.Ingimundarerekkigóðr, hisbreathsmells, isfoul;(2) currentofair (ahandarþinnar);(3)gramm., aspiration (linr,snarpr a.);(4) soul (guðskapaðilíkamannokandann);gjaldaguðisinnanda, todie;(5) spirit,spiritualbeing;úhreinna., anunclean spirit; heilagr a., the Holy Ghost. and-kostr, m. see annkostr. and-lauss, a. breathless, lifeless. and-lát,n.(1) death (þáerþúfregn andlátmitt);(2) thelastgasp;þávarkonungrnærandálti, wasalmostbreathing his last. andláts-dagr,m., -dœgr,n. dayof death; -sorg,f. griefforadeath; -tíð,f., -tími, m. time of death. and-liga,adv. spiritually; -ligr,a. spiritual (biskuphefirandligtvaldtilandligra hluta).

andlit, n. face countenance. andlits-björg,f. visor; -bliða,f. mild expressionofthecountenance; -mein,n.

cancerintheface; -skepna,f. formor makeoftheface; -sköp,n.pl.=-skepna; varvelsköpum, hadwellformedfeatures; -vænn,a. fine-featured; -vöxtr,m. form oftheface,features; and-marki,m.see annmarki.

and-málugr,a. contentious,quarrelsome; -mæli,n.pl. contradiction,objection.

and-nes,n. promontory,headland; -orða,a. indecl.,atverðaandorða, to cometowordswith; -óf,n. paddlingwith theoars,soastokeepaboatfromdrifting (cf. andœfa).

and-rammr, a. having foul breath. andrar, m. pl. snow-shoes. andrjá, f. tumult, uproar. and-róði,m. pullingagainsttideand wind;þeirtóku(áttu)mikinn-róða, they hadahardpull; -róðr (-ra),m.=andróði; -saka (að),v. toreprimand (hann -sakaðisveinanaharðliga); -sakan,f. reprimand,rebuke; -skoti,m.(1) opponent, adversary; (2) the devil, satan. and-spilli, n. colloquy, discourse. and-spjall,n.(1)=andspilli;(2)pl. andspjöll, answer, reply. and-stefja (að),v. torespond,answer; -stefna (-da, -t),v.=-stefja; -streymi, n. adversity; -streymr,a. stronglyadverse (-streymørlög);Sighvatrvarheldr -streymrumeptirmálin, hardtocometo termswith; -stygð,f. disgust;e-mer -stygðafe-u, onefeelsabhorrencefor; -styggiligr, -styggr,a. abominable, odious; -svar,n. answer,reply,decision (veraskjótrí-svörum); -svara (að),v. (1) toanswer (e-m);(2) torespond (=andstefja);(3) toanswerfor,beresponsiblefor (e-u).

andsvara-maðr,m. respondent,de-

fender.

and-syptir, m. difficulty in breathing. and-sœlis,adv. againstthecourseofthe sun,widdershins (-rangsœlis),opp.to ‘réttsœlis’.

and-vaka,f.(1) sleeplessness;(2) vakefulness; and-vaki,a. sleepless (liggja-vaki).

and-vana or -vani,a. destituteof, wanting,withgen.(auðsandvaniokalls gamans); -vanr,a.=-vani;andvanrátu, famished for food. andvara-gestr,m. unwelcomeguest; -lauss, a. free from care or anriety. and-varða (að),v. tohandover (= afhenda).

and-vari, m. care, anxiety. and-varp,n.(1) breath,breathing;(2) sigh; -varpa (að),v. toheaveasigh (varpaöndinni); -varpan,f. sighing,sobbing.

ang, n. fragrance (með unað ok a.). anga (að),v. toexhaleodourorfragrance; angan,f. sweetodour;a.Friggjar, the love of Frigg. angi, m. sweet odour. angi,m. prickle,sting (þettamálhefir anga).

angist, f. anguish. angistar-ár,n. yearofmisery; -neyð, f. greatdistress; -tími,m. hourofdistress. angr (gen. -rs),m. grief,sorrow;gera e-mangr, todooneharm;verae-matangri = angra e-n. -angr (gen. -rs),m.inNorselocal names, bay, firth. angra (að),v. togrieve,vex,distress (mikhefirangrathungrokfrost);with dat.(hvártsemmérangrarreykreða bruni);impers. tobegrieved (angraði honummjök);refl.,angrastafe-u, tobe vexedat,takeoffenceat;a.viðe-n, tofall out with. angraðr,pp. sorrowful,sad,vexed (reiðr ok a.).

angran, f. sorrow, affliction. angr-fullr,a. sorrowful,sad; -gapi, m. rash,foolishperson; -lauss,a. free fromcare; -ligr,a. sad; -ljóð,n.pl. mourningsongs,dirges; -lyndi,n. sadness,lowspirits; -mœðast (að),v.refl. to beinlowspirits; -samliga,adv. sorrowfully,sadly; -samligr,a.=-fullr; -samr, a.(1) troublesome (-sömfluga);(2) depressed,downcast;e-mer-saint, oneis inlowspirits; -semd, -semi,f. depression ofspirits; -væri,f. dejection; -œði,n. moody temper, sullenness.

and-vegi,n. throne (=öndvegi); -verðr,a.=öndverðr; -viðri,n. head wind; -virði,n. worth,equivalent,price; andvirði hvalsins, the value of the whale. and-virki,n.(1) hay,haystacks,croft; nautafjöldivarkominnítúnokvildibrjóta-virki, throwdownthecocks;-virki (fodder) gekkþaruppfyrirhestum;(2) Norw. agriculturalimplements;viðarköst, timbr,grindr,sieðaeðaönnur-virki;(3) fig.,legithafamér-virkinærrgarðienat berjastviðþik, Ihavehadbusinessmore urgent than to that with you. and-vitni,n. contradictorytestimony; -vígr,a. amatchfor (bannvareigibetr en-vígröðrumþeirrabrœðra); -yrði,n. pl. objection,contradiction; -æra,f. resistance; -æris,adv. adversely,unfavourably (gangamunykkr-æris); -œfa (-ða, -t), v. tokeeppullingagainstwindandtide so astopreventaboatfromdriftingastern; -œpa (-ta, -t),v. toreplyagainst (ekkier þessgetit,atþórðrandœptiþessarrivísu).

ankanna-fullr,a. fulloffaults; -laust,adv. withflawlesstitle (Magnús konungrhafðiþáríkieinnsamanok ankannalaust).

ann-, in several compds. = and-. anna (að),v. tobeabletodo (a.e-u);cf. ‘annast’.

annarligr, a. strange, alien. annarr (önnur, annat),a.,indef. pron.,ord.numb.;(1) oneofthetwo,the one(oftwo);Egillþessihefiraðrahönd (onlyonehand) okerkaliaðreinhendr;á aðrahönd, ontheoneside;a.…a. one… theother (héta.Sörli,ena.Þorkell);(2) second;íannatsinn, forthesecondtime; høggrhannþegarannat(viz.högg), a secondblow;(3) thenextfollowing;áöðru hausti, thenextautumn;annatsumareptir;fig., nextinvalue or rank;annatmest hofíNoregi, thenextgreatesttemple; fjölmennastþingannateptirbrennu Njáls, thefullestassemblynexttothatafter theburningofN.;(4) someother (hón lékágólfinuviðaðrarmeyjar);Þórarinn oktíumennaðrir, andtenmenbesides; hannvarörvariafféennokkurra., than anybodyelse;(5) other,different;ölera. maðr, ale(adrunkenman)isanotherman, isnotthesameman;þauhöfðuannan átrúnað, adifferentreligion;(6)invariouscombinations;a.slíkr, suchanother, anotherofthesamesort;gekka.tilat öðrum (oneafteranother) atbiðjahann; hverjanóttaðrasemaðra, everynightin turn;annatvarorðFinnsharðaraenannat, eachwordofFinnwasharderthananother;aðrir…aðrir, some…others;einir okaðrir, various;ymsirokaðrir, nowone, nowanother (nefnauppymsaokaðra); hvárr(or hverr)…annan, eachother,one another (hétuhváriröðrumatförum);við

þautíðindiurðuallirgiaðiroksagðihverr öðrum, onetoldthenewstoanother,man to man.

annarra-brœðra,gen.pl.usedellipt. inthesenseofchildrenof‘næsta brœðra’, thirdcousins; -brœtri,m. third cousin. annarrhvárr,indef.pron., oneor otheroftwopersons,either (drepaannan hvárnþeirrasonaSkallagríms);atöðru hváru, everynowandthen,aðrirhvárir, oneorotherofthetwoparties;neut.used as adv., annat hvárt … eða, either … or.

annarrhverr,indef.pron. everyotheralternately;annanhverndag, everyotherday;annathvertorð, everyother(second)word;atöðruhverju, everynowand then.

annarrtveggi, annarrtveggja,indef.pron. oneorotherofthetwo =annarr hvárr;eraðrirtveggjuerulengraíburt komnirenördrag, wheneitherofthetwo partieshasgotfurtherawaythananarrow’sflight;annattveggja…eða, either … or. annars,gen.from‘annarr’,usedas adv. otherwise,else (stendra.ríkiþittí mikilli hættu).

annarsligr, a. = annarligr. annarstaðar,adv. elsewhere,inanother place = annars staðar.

annast (að),v.refl.(1) totakecareof (málþettamuneka.);(2) toprovidefor, support (a.börn,ómaga);a.sik, tosupportoneself;(3)a.ume-t, tobebusy about,tooccupyoneselfwith (a.ummatreiðu).

annáll (-s, -ar),m. chronologicalregister, annals. ann-boð, n. agricultural implements. ann-friðr,m. cessationfromlawsuits

during the spring farming.

ann-kostr, m. = önnkostr.

ann-kvista, v. to take care of. annmarka-fullr,a. faulty,fullof faults; -lauss, a. faultless. ann-marki,m.(1) defect,flaw,fault (þú leyndir-markaáhonum);(2) adversity (þúgaftmérvarygðífarsælu,hugganí -marka).

ann-rikt,a.n.,eiga-ríkt, tobevery busy; -samligr,a. toilsome,laborious; -samt,a.n.,e-mer-samt, oneisvery busy; -semd,f. business,care,concern; beramikla-semdfyrire-u, tobeconcerned about.

annt,a.n.,e-mera., eager,anxious; mörgumvara.heim, manywereeagerto gethome;hvímunhonumsváa.athitta mik, whyishesoeager? ekkiera.umþat, itisnotpressing;hvaternúa.mínum eingasyni, whathasmyonlysonatheart? sagðiséra. (thathewasbusy) umdaga; vera a. til e-s, to be eager for.

antikristr, m. antichrist. anza (að),v.(1) toheed,takenoticeof (a. e-u); (2) to reply, answer (a. til e-s).

apa (að),v. tomock,makesportof,tobefool (marganhefirauðrapat);refl.,apast at e-u, to become the fool of. apaldr (gen. -rs or -s,pl. -rar or -ar), m. apple-tree. apaldrs-garðr,m. orchard; -klubba, -kylfa,f. clubmadeofapple-tree; -tré, n. apple-tree. apal-grár, a. dapple-grey. api,m.(1) ape,monkey;(2) fool (margr verðr af aurum api).

apli, m. bull = þjórr, graðungr. appella, appellera (að),v. tocite, summon to the pope. apr (öpr, aprt),a.(1) hard,sharp;en

aprastahríð, thesharpestfighting;aprastr viðateiga, theworsttodealwith;(2) sad, dispirited. aprligr, a. cold, chilly (-ligt veðr). aptan,adv. frombehindbehind,opp.to ‘framan’;þágreiphanna.undirhendr honum, frombehind;fyrira.,asprep. withacc., behind;ekhjóvarginnísundr fyrir a. bóguna, just behind the shoulders. aptann (gen. -s,dat. aptni;pl. aptnar),m. evening;síðumaptaninn, late intheevening;miðra., middleeve,6 o ’clock.

aptan-drykkja,f. eveningcarouse; -kveld,n.=aptann; -langt,adv. allthe evening; -skæra,f. twilight; -stjarna,f. evening star; -söngr,m. evensong,vespers. aptansóngs-mál,n. thetime of evensong.

aptan-tíðir,f.pl.=aptansöngstíðir; -tími, m. the time of evening. aptari, a. compar. = eptri. aptarla, adv. behind, far in the rear. aptarr, adv. compar. farther back. aptast, adv. superl. farthest back. aptastr, a. superl. farthest back. aptna (að),v.impers. tobecome evening; refl., aptnast = aptna. aptr,adv.(1) back;fara(snúa,koma, senda,sœkja,hverfa)a., togo(turn&c.) back;rekaa., todrive back, repel;kalla a., torecall,revoke;(2) backwards;fram oka., backwardsandforwards,toandfro; þeirsettuhnakkaábakséra., theybent theirnecksbackwards;(3)lúka(láta)a., toshut,close;hlið,port,hurðera., is shut;(4) attheback,intherear;þater maðrfram,endýra., theforepartaman, thehindpartofabeast;bæðia.okfram, stem and stern (ofaship);Sigurðrsata.

arðr-for,f. furrow,trenchmadeby plough; -gangr,m. coulter; -járn,n. plough-iron;-járnþaterristill(coulter) heitir; -uxi, m. plough-ox. arðs-geldingr, m. = arðruxi. arfa, f. heiress (Norse, rare).

arfa-sáta,f. aheap,orsmalltick,of chickweed (arfi).

arfa-þáttr,m. sectionoflawtreating of inheritance (arfr). arf-borinn,pp. bybirthentitledtoinherit,legitimate (=tilarfsalinn); -deild, f.=arfskipti; -gengr,a. entitledtoinherit.

arfi,m. heir,heiress;a.e-sorate-u, heir to a property. arfi, m. chickweed. arf-kaup,n. sumpaidforanother’sexpectation ofinheritance; -leiða (-dda, -ddr),v. toadoptasanheir (=ættleiða); -leiðing,f. adoptionofanheir; -nyti (gen. -nytja), m. heir, inheritor (poet.). arfr (gen. arfs),m.(1) inheritance; takaarf, totakepossessionofaninheritance;takaarfeptire-n, tobeheirtoa person,toinherit;standatilarfseptiren, tobeentitledtoinheritaperson;hón áallanarfeptirmik, sheismysoleheir; seljaarf, toselltheexpectationof inheritance(=seljaarfván);(2) patrimony = föðurleifð.

arf-rán,n. unjusttakingofone’sinher-

ákistunni, S.sataftonthestern-chest; (5) again;Freyjavaknaroksneristviðok sofnar a., and falls asleep again. aptra (að),v. totakeback,withdraw, recall;a.ferðsinni, todesistfrom,giveup; a. sér, to withdraw, waver, hesitate. aptran, f. withdrawal, keeping back. aptr-bati,m. convalescence;veraí-bata, tobeonthewaytorecovery; -bati, a. convalescent,gettingbetter,recovering; -beiðiligr,a. reciprocal; -borinn,pp. bornagain,regenerate; -byggi,m.(esp. pl.-byggjaropp.toframbyggjar) amanin thesterninashipofwar; -dráttr,m. refluxofthetide (-dráttrhafsins); -drepa, f. relapse,shock; -elding,f. dawning; -ferð,f. journeyback,return; -fœrsla, f. bringingback; -för,f.=-ferð; -ganga, f., -gangr,m. ghost,apparition; -gjald, n. repayment; -hald,n. checking,holding back. aptrhald-samr, a. saving, close. aptrhalds-maðr,m. onewhoimpedes the progress of a thing. aptr-hlaup,n. runingback; -hnekking,f. repulse; -huppr,m. haunch; -hvarf,n.(1) return;illr-hvarfs, disinclinedtofacetheenemyagain;(2) relapse,apostasy;(3) turningawayfrom sin (rare); -kall,n. recalling,revocation; -kast,n. hurlingback,repulse; -kaup,n. repurchase; -koma or -kváma,f. coming back,return; -kvæmt,a.n. admittingof return;esp.eiga-kvæmt, tobeallowed toreturn (fromexile); -lausn,f. redemption; rightofredeeming; -mjór,a. taperingbehind; -mundr,m. regret,loss;mér ermikill-mundrate-u, Imissathing greatly; -reka,a.indecl. drivenback (by stressofweather); -rekstr,m. driving back,repulse; -sjá,f. regret,longing (= eptirsjá); -skipan,f. restoration (-skipan allra hluta); -velting, f. rolling back. apynja, t she-ape, she-monkey. ara-hreiðr, n. eagle’s nest, eyrie. arðar-,gen.from‘örð’; -leiga,f. rent foroneyeay’scrop; -máli,m. contract, agreement for one year. arðr (gen.arðrs),m.asimpleform plough.

itance; -ræning,f.=arf-rán; -ræningr, m. onestripped of hisinheritance; -sal, n. cessionofrightofinheritance (oncondition of getting maintenance for life).

arfsals-maðr,m. onewhohasmade anotherhisheironconditionofbeing maintainedbyhimforlife; -máldagi,m. deed concerning ‘arfsal’.

arf-skipti,n. partitionofaninheritance; -skot,n. fraudinmattersofinheritance; -sókn,f. suitinacaseofinheritance; -svik,n.pl. defraudinginmattersofinheritance; -svipting,f. takingawayofone’sinheritance; -tak,n. theact oftakingoneas arfsalsmaðr(takae-narftaki); -taka,f. receiving,takingpossessionof,aninheritance; -takari, -taki, m. inheritor; -tekinn,pp. takenbyinheritance; -tekja, f. = -taka.

arftekju-land,n. landobtainedbyinheritance. arf-tœki,n.=arftaka; -tœkr,a.=arfgengr;verðaarftœkre-s, toreceivebyinheritance. arftöku-karl,m. onetakenas arfsalsmaðr; -maðr,m. inheritor,successortoan inheritance.

arf-ván,f. expectancyofinheritance; -þegi, m. heir. arg-hola, f. harlot. argr,a.(1) unmanly,effeminate,cowardly (semfyrirúlfiörggeitrynni);(2) lewd;(3) wicked,pernicious (þúhitargasta dýr).

argskapr,m. effeminacy,cowardice, wickedness. ari, m. eagle (= örn).

arin-dómr,m. firesidegossip; -eldr, m. hearth-fire; -elja,f. ahome-rivaltoa wife; -greypr,a. encompassingthehearth (bekkiraringreypir); -hella,f. hearth-

stone. arinn (gen. arins;dat. arni;pl. amar),m.(1) hearth (eldrvaráarni);asa lawterm,faraeldiokarni, toremoveone’s homestead,takingfireandhearthtogether; (2) an elevated platform. arins-horn,n. cornerofthehearth; -járn, n. poker. arka (að),v. towalkheavily,trudge;a. atauðnu, totakewhatevercoursefatemay decide. arkar-fótr,m. thefootofachest (örk); -smíð,f. thebuildingofNoah’sArk. arma,f. pity;dróttinnsáörmuá mannkyni, took pity upon. arm-baugr,m. armlet,bracelet; armbryst, n. cross-bow. arm-fylking, f. = fylkingar-armr. armingi (pl. -jar),m. poorfellow (= aumingi).

arm-leggr, m. arm (= armr). armligr, a. pitiful, miserable. armr (-s, -ar),m.(1) arm;leggjaarma ume-n, toembrace (ofawoman);koma áarme-m, tocomeintoone’sembraces (ofawomanmarrying);(2) thewingofa body,opp.toitscentre;armarúthafsins, thearmsoftheocean,viz.baysandfirths; armr fylkingar, a wing of an army. armr,a.(1) unhappy,poor;(2) wretched,wicked;hinnarmiBjarngrímr, thewretch,scoundrelB.;hinarmakerlingin, the wicked old woman. arm-skapaðr,pp. misshapenmiserable,poor; -vitki,f. compassion; -vitugr,a. charitable,compassionate;líttarmvitugr, hard-hearted. armœða,f. distress,trouble; armœðast, v. refl. to distress oneself. arnar-,gen.from‘örn’; -hamr,m. eagle’splumage; -hreiðr,n. eagle’snest,

eyrie; -kló,f. talonofaneagle; -líki,n. eagle’s shape; -ungi, m. eaglet. arning,f. tillage,ploughing (relatedto ‘erja’).

arn-súgr,m. therushing,soundcaused by the flight of an eagle. ars, m. posteriors, = rass. arta, f. a species of teal, garganey. aska,f. ashes (moldoka.;dusteittok a.). Cf. ösku-.

aska-smiðr, m. shipwright? aska-spillir, m. ship spoiler? ask-limar, f. pl. branches of an ash. ask-maðr,m. shipman,viking, pirate; cf. askr (3).

askr (-s, -ar),m.(1) ash,ash-tree;(2) ash-spear;(3)smallship(þeirsiglaburt áeinumaski);(4) woodenvesselordish (stóriraskarfullirafskyri);(5)aNorse measureforliquids equaltofourbowls (bollar), or sixteen ‘justur’. ask-rakki,m. marten; -viðr,m. ashtree.

asna, f. she-ass. asna-höfuð,n. ass’s-head; -kjálki,m. jawbone of an ass. asni, m. ass, donkey. at,prep.A.withdative.I.Ofmotion; (1) towards,against;Otkelllautat Skamkatli, boweddowntoS.;hannsneri egginniatÁsgrími, turnedtheedge againstA.;(2) close-upto;Brynjólfrgengralitathonum, quiteuptohim;þeirkómustaldriathonum, theycouldneverget nearhim,toclosequarterswithhim;(3) to, at;komaatlandi, tocometoland;gangaatdómi, togointocourt;(4) along (= eptir);gangaatstræti, towalkalongthe street;drekierniðrfóratánni (wentdown theriver) fyrirstrauminum;refrdróhörpuatísi, ontheice;(5)denotinghostility;renna(sœkja)ate-m, torushat,assault;gerðiþáatþeimþokumikla, they wereovertakenbyathickfog;(6) around; vefjamotriathöfðisér, towrapaveil roundone’shead;beragrjótate-m, to heapstonesuponthebody;(7)denoting business,engagement;ríðaathrossum, atsauðum, togolookingafterhorses, watchingsheep;faraatlandskuldum, to gocollectingrents.II.Ofposition,&c.; (1)denoting presenceat,near,by,upon; atkirkju, atchurch;atdómi, incourt;at lögbergi, atthehilloflaws;(2)denoting participationin;veraatveizlu,brullaupi, tobeatabanquet,wedding;vera atvígi, tobeanaccessoryinman-slaying; (3)ellipt.,veraat, tobeabout,tobebusy at;kvalararnir,eratvóruatpínahann, whoweretormentinghim;varþaratkona nökkuratbinda (wastherebusydressing) sármanna;(4)withpropernamesof places(farms);konungratDanmörkuok Noregi, kingof;biskupatHólum, bishop ofHolar;atHelgafelli,atBergþórshváli; (5)usedellipt.withagenitive, at (aperson’s) house;athans (athishouse) gisti fjölmennimikit;atMarðar, atMara’s home;athinsbeilagaÓlafskonungs, at St.Olave’schurch;atRánar, atRan’s (abode).III.Oftime;(1) at,in;atupphafi, atfirst,inthebeginning;atskilnaði, atparting,whentheyparted;at páskum, atEaster;atkveldi, ateventide; atþinglausnum, atthecloseoftheAssembly;atfjöru, attheebb;atflœðum, atthefloodtide;(2)adding‘komanda’or ‘erkemr’;atárikomanda, nextyear;at vári,erkemr, nextspring;generallywith ‘komanda’understood;atsumri,hausti, vetri,vári, nextsummer,&c.;(3)used withanabsolutedativeandpresentor

pastpart.;atsérlifanda, duinghislifetime;atöllumásjándum, inthesightof all;atáheyrandahöfðingjanum, inthe hearingofthechief;atupprennandisólu, atsunrise;atliðnumsexvikum, aftersix weeksarepast;athonumönduðum, after hisdeath;(4)denotinguninterrupted succession, after;hverratöðrum,annarr atöðrum, oneafteranother;skildumenn atþessu, thereupon,afterthis;atþví (thereafter) kómuaðrarmeyjar.IV.fig. andinvarioususes;(1) to,into,withthe notionofdestructionorchange;brenna (borgina)atösku, toburntoashes;verða atormi, tobecomeasnake;(2) for,as;gefa e-tatgjöf, asapresent;eigae-natvin, tohaveoneasfriend;(3) by;takasverðat hjöltum, bythehilt;dragaútbjörninnat hlustunum, bytheears;kjósaatafli,álitum, bystrength,appearrance;(4) asregardsasto;auðigratfé, wealthyingoods; vænn(fagr)atáliti, fairofface;(5)asa lawterm, onthegroundsof,byreasonof; ryðja(tochallenge) dómatmægðum,kvið atfrændsemi;(6)asaparaphraseofa genitive;faðir,móðiratbarni(=barns, of achild);aðiliatsök=aðilisakar;(7)with adjectivesdenotingcolour,size,age, of; hvítr,svartr,rauðratlit, while,black,red ofcolour;mikill,lítillatstœrð,vexti, tall, smallofstature;tvítugrataldri, twenty yearsofage;kýratfyrsta,öðrumkálfi, a cowthathascalvedonce,twice;(8)determiningthesourcefromwhichanything comes, of,from;Arinamokmargafrœði atÞuríði (fromher);þiggja,kaupa,geta, leigjae-tate-m, toreceive,buy,obtain, borrowathingfromone;hafaveg (virðing)styrkate-m, toderivehonour, power,fromone;(9) according,to,after (heygðratfornumsið);atráðiallravit-

rustumanna, bytheadviceof;atlandslögum, bythelawoftheland;atvánum, aswastobeexpected;atleyfie-s, byone’s leave;(10)inadverbialphrases;gróa(veragrœddr)atheilu, tobequitehealed;bítaafalltgrasatsnøggu, quitebare;atfullu, fully;atvísu, surely;atfrjálsu, freely; ateilífu, foreverandever;atröngu,at réttu, wrongly,rightly;atlíku,atsömu, equally,allthesame;atmun,atráði,at marki, toagreatextent.B.withacc., after,upon (=eptir);sonráattakaarfat föðursinn, totaketheinheritanceafterhis father;eigaféránsdómate-n, toholda courtofexecutionuponaperson;atþat (=eptirþat), afterthat,thereafter;connectedwithapastpart.oradj.,atGamla fallinn, afterthefallofGamli;atHrungni dauðan, upon the death of Hrungnir. at,(1)asthesimplemarkoftheinfinitive, to;atganga,atríða,athlaupa, to walk,toride,torun;(2)inanobjective sense;hannbauðþeimatfara,sitja, he bade(ordered)themtogo,sit;gefae-mat eta,atdrekka, togiveonetoeat,todrink; (3)denotingdesignorpurpose, inorder to (hann gekk í borg at kaupa silfr).

at,(1)demonstrativeparticlebeforea comparative, the,allthe,somuchthe;hón grétatmeir, sheweptthemore;þykkiross atlíkara, allthemorelikely;þúertmaðr atverri (somuchtheworse),erþúhefir þettamælt;(2)rel.pron., who,which, that (=er);þeirallir,atþautíðindi heyrðu, allthosewhoheard;semþeim ertítt,at(asisthecustomofthosewho) kaupferðir reka.

at,conj., that;(1)introducingasubjectiveorobjectiveclause;þatvareinhverjusinni,atHöskuldrhafðivinaboð, ithappenedoncethatH.;vildaek,atþú

at-dráttr,m. provisions,suppliesfor householduse;hafðihannatdráttatþeirrabúi, hesuppliedtheirhousehold;atdrættir ok útvegar, ways and means. at-dugnaðr, m. assistance, help. at-eggjan, f. egging on, = áeggjan. at-fall, n. rising tide, flood-tide. atfanga,gen.pl.fromatföng, provisions; -dagr,m., -kveld,n. theday,or evening,precedingachurchfestival;atf. jóla, ChristmasEve; -lauss,a. destitute ofmeansofsubsistence,withoutresources; -maðr, m. = atdráttarmaðr.

atfara-laust,a.n. withoutonslaught or armed aggression (see atför).

atfarar-dómr,m. sentenceofexecution (forpayment); -þing,n. courtofexecution. at-ferð,f.(1) proceeding,conduct,behaviour (skynsamligatferð);víkjasteptir atferðumennafyrrifrændaþinna, tofollowtheir(good)example;(2) activity,energy;(3) assault;veitae-matferð, toset uponone;(4)alawterm, execution (með dómrofum ok atferðum).

atferðar-bót,f. improvementofconduct; -góðr,a. well-behaved; -leysi,n. inactivity,idleness; -maðr,m. energetic

réðistaustrífjörðu, Ishouldlikeyouto go;(2)relativeto‘svá’,denotingproportion,degree;svámikilllagamaðr,at, so greatalawyer,that;(3)withsubj.,denotingendorpurpose, inorderthat (skáru þeirfyrirþá(viz. hestana)melinn,atþeir dœieigiafsulti);(4) since,because,as (= þvíat);(5)connectedwithþó,því,svá; þóat(withsubj.), though,although;því at, because,for;sváat, sothat;(6)temp., þáat(=þáer), when;þegarat(=þ.er), assoonas;þartilat(=þ.t.er), until,till; áðrat(=á.en), before;(7)usedsuperfluouslyafteraninterrog.pron.oradv.; Olafrspurði,hvernstyrkathannmundi fáhonum, whathelphewaslikelytogive him;inarelativesense;meðfullkomnum ávexti,hverrat (which) þekkrokþægiligr mun verða. at,negativeverbalsuffix,=-a;var-at, was not. at,n. anincitedconflictorfight (seeetja); odda at, Yggs at, battle. ata (að), v. to stain, smear. atall (ötul, atalt),a. fierce;ötulaugu, fierce, piercing., eyes. at-beini, m. assistance, help. atblástrar-maðr, m. instigator. atburða-lauss,a. eventless,uneventfull. at-burðr,m.(1) occurrence,event; verðrsáatburðr,at, itsohappensthat; drápBárðarokþáatburðierþarhöfðu orðit, andtheeventsthathadhappened there;(2) incident,circumstance;Ó.sagði honumallaatburði (allthecircumstances, particulars) umsittmál;íhverjumatburðum, underwhatcircumstances;með hverjumatburðum, inwhatmanner,how; (3) chance,accident;slíktkallaekatburð, eneigijartegn, suchathingIcallanaccident,andnotamiracle;afatburð, by chance; accidentally;meðatburð, by chance; peradventure,perhaps;(4) attack; (5) gesture (meðatburðkallaðihannmik tilsín);varhónenfríðastajungfrúokvel at atburðum, of good manners, well-bred. at-búnaðr,m. properoutfit,equipment,&c.;veitaatbúnaðdauðummönnum, to lay out dead bodies. at-djúp,n. deepwaterclosetoshore; -djúpr, a. deep close to the shore. atdráttar-maðr,m.,mikill-maðr, a good housekeeper.

man.

atterðligr, a. fit or manly.

at-ferli,n. action,proceeding,procedure hannspurðistfyrirumaiferliheraðsmanna, whattheyweredoing; -flutning,f. conveyancetoaplace,supply; -frétt, f. asking, inquiry. atfréttar-maðr,m. inquirer (e-s, after something).

at-fundull,a. fault-finding,censorious; -fylgi,n., -fylgja,f. help,backing, support; -fyndiligr,a. blameable,reprehensible; -fyndli,f. censoriousness; -fœrsla, f. exertion, activity.

atfœralu-maðr, m. a man of vigour. at-för,f.(1) proceeding,method;(2) attack;geraatförate-m,veitae-matför, tomakeanattackupon;(3)alawterm, execution (dómrokatför); -ganga,f.(1) attack,onslaught;veitae-matgöngu, to attack;(2) help,assistance; -gangr,m. (1) fighting,combat;(2) inroad,intrusion; veitae-matgang, tointrudeupon;(3) help, cooperation. atgangs-mikill, a. energetic. atgeirr, m. bill or halberd. atgengiligr, a. acceptable, inviting. at-gerð, at-gervi,seeatgørð,atgørvi.

at-geyminn,a. careful,mindful,attentive; -geymsla,f. attention,heedfulness; -gæzla, f. care, caution. at-gørð,f.(1) achievement (þessa heimsatgørðir);(2) accomplishment,ability;(3) surgicaloperation (cf.gøraatmeini);(4)pl., measures,stepstaken;litlar atgørðir, smallmeasures;vareigivænttil atgørða, there were few expedients. atgørða-lauss,a. inactive,idle;-laust erume-t, nostepsaretaken; -maðr,m. a ready man.

atgørðar-maðr,m.=atgørvimaðr; -mikill,a. active,energetic; -vinr,m. a friend in deed. at-gørvi,f.(orneut.), accomplishments, ability. atgørvi-maðr or atgørvis-maðr,m. amanofgreat (physical) accomplishments. athafnar-lauss,a. inactive; -maðr, m. an enterprising man. at-hald,n.(1) constraint,restraint;(2) ascetic abstinence. athalds-maðr,m. ascetic; -taumr, m. constraining force. at-hjúkan,f. nursing,attendanceona sick person. at-hlaup,n. onset,attack;íeinuathlaupi, inonerush (inabattle);tókstnú þegar athlaup, a hand to hand fight. at-hlátr,m. mockery,laughing-stock; -hlœgi,n.=-hlátr; -hlœgiligr,a. ridiculous. athuga-lauss,a. heedless,careless; -leysi,n. heedlessness; -lítill,a. rather heedless. at-hugall,a. heedful,thoughtfull, carefull. athuga-maðr,m. devoutperson; -samliga,adv. attentively; -samligr,a.(1) attentive;(2)=-verðr; -samr,a. heedful, attentive; -verðr, a. worthy of attention. at-hugi,m. attention,meditation;aföllumathuga, carefully;flytjaframbœnir sínarmeðathuga, withdevotion;leiðae-t athuga, toreflectupon,totakeintoconsideration. athugliga, adv. attentively. at-hvarf,n. courteousattentionstoany one,inthephrases,gørae-mathvarf, gøra at athvarfi við e-n. at-hyggja,f. attention (meðallri hugarinsathyggju); -hygli,f. heedful-

atkeri A at-vik

ness,attentiveness; -hyllast,v.refl., to cultivateone’sfriendship; tosidewith (en); -hœfi,n. conduct,behaviour,proceeding (íöllusínuathœfi); -hœfiligr,a. fit, fitting; -höfn,f.(1) doings,business;fenginvarþeimönnurathöfn, occupation; (2) behaviour,conduct; -kall,n. demand, claim; -kast, n. rebuke, reproach. atkeri, m. anchor; see ‘akkeri’. at-koma, -kváma,f.(1) arrival;(2) pain,visitation; -kominn,pp. situated (vel, illa atkominn).

atkvæða-lauss,a. unimportant,ofno consequence; -maðr,m. amanofimportance; -mikill, a. of weight, influential. at-kvæði,n.(1) technicalterm;skal sœkjasemþjófssökfyrirutanatkvæði, withexceptionofthetechnicalterms,withoutcallingittheft;(2) word,expression; (3) sound,pronunciation (atkvæðinafns hversþeirra);(4) decision;varþvívikittil atkvæðaMarðar, referredtoMard’sdecision;S.veittiatkvæði (ordered,decreed), athættaskyldiáverkum;afatkvæði guðanna, bythegods’decree;(5) spell, charm;atkvæðiFinnunnar, thespellofthe Finnish witch.

at-laga,f.(1) layingtheshipsalongside forattack inasea-fight, attack,assault (alsoonland);(2) landing withoutnotionof fight (jarl skipði svá fyrir um atlöguna).

at-lát,n. coinpliance;atlátsynda, indulgence in sin. atlátsamr, a. compliant (e-u).

atlogu-skip,n. ashipengagedinbattle.

atmælasamr, a. fault-finding. at-mæli,n. blame,censure; -rás,f. charge,attack; -reið,f.(1) ridingat;(2) charge of horse. atreiðar-áss, m. quintain-post.

at-rekandi,m. vigorousefforts,great exertions.

at-renna,f. runningknot,noose,slipknot. atrennu-lykkja, f. = atrenna. atrið,n. movement;hannhafðiallteitt atriðit, he did both things at once. at-róðr,m.(1) rowingtowards;(2) rowingagainsttheenemy (tomakeanattack).

atsamr, a. quarrelsome, contentious. at-seta,f. residence;hafaatsetue-s staðar, toreside,esp.ofkings; -setr,n. = -seta.

at-skelking, f. derision, ridicule. atskiljanligr, a. various, different. atskjaldaðr, a. covered with shields. atskjótaðr,a. situated;illaatskjótaðr, badly off. at-sókn,f.(1) onslaught,attack;(2) run ofvisitorsorguestsseekinghospitality (föng vóru lítil, en atsókn mikil).

atsóknar-maðr, m. aggressor. at-spurning,f. inquiry;leiðaatspurningumume-ð, tomakeinquiries about a thing.

at-staða,f.(1) assistance,support;(2) zeal;(3) importunity,obtrusion; -staddr, a. situated,circumstance (vel,illaatstaddr); -stuðning,f., -stuðningr,m., -stóð,f. support,assistance; -súgr,m., onlyinthephrase,borafrekanatsúgtil e-s, tolayvigorousclaimto; -svif,n. incident,bearing; -tekinn,pp.=-staddr; -tekt, f. state, condition. at-tónn, f. tusk, = vígtönn (cf. at, n.). at-veizla,f. assistance (cf.‘veitaat’); -vorknaðr,m. work,esp.inhaymaking;varþórgunnuætlatnautsfóðrtil atverknaðar, to toss and dry it. at-vik,n.(1)esp.inplur., details,particulars;eptiratvikum, accordingtothe

circumstancesofthecase;greinae-tmeð atvikum, circumstantially;(2) concession; (3) onset, assault, = atvígi. at-vinna,f.(1) assistance,support;(2) means of subsistence.

atvinnu-lauss,a. withoutmeansof subsistence. at-vist,f. presence,esp.theactofbeing presentatacrime;veraíatsóknokatvist, tobepresentandapartakerintheonslaught; atvistar-maðr,m. aiderand abettor.

at-vígi, n. onset, onslaught.

atyrða (-rta, -rðr),v. torebuke; -yrði, n. pl. abusive words. auð-,adverbialprefixtoagreatmany adjectives,adverbs,andparticiples(opp. totor-), easily; -béðinn,pp. easilypersuaded; -bœnn,a. easilymovedbyentreaty; -bœttr,pp. easilycompensated for; -eggjaðr,pp. easilyeggedon; -fenginn,pp., -fengr,a. easytoget; -fundinn,pp., -fyndr,a. easytofind; -fundit (-fynt), easytoperceive,clear; -fœrr,a.(1) easytopass (-fœrrvegr);(2) easily accessible.

auðga (að),v. toenrich (a.e-ne-u);refl., auðgast, to grow wealthy. auð-gengr,a. easytopass (stígr-gengr); -gætligr,a., -gætr,a. easytoget; -görr,pp. easilydone; -heyrt,pp.n. easily heard, clear. auð-hóf,n., -hœfi,n.pl. riches,= auðœfi.

auðigr and auðugr,a. rich,wealthy (a.atfé);skipmikitokauðigt, witharich lading. auðit,pp.n.ofanobs.verb;e-mverðr e-sau., itfallstoone’slot;ossvarðeigi þeirrarhamingjuau., thisgoodfortune wasnotdestinedforus;þóatmérverði

lífsau., thoughlifebegrantedtome;hafði au., theyhadwontheday;varðþeimeigi erfingjaau., tothemnoheirwasgranted; au. fé, means possessed. auð-kendr,pp. easytorecognize,of distinguishedappearance; -kenni,n. mark,distinction; -kenniligr,a. easyto recognize; -keyptr,pp. easilybought, cheap; -kjörinn,pp. easilychosen,easy todecideon; -kumall,a. tender,delicate, easilyhurtorwounded;-kumallískapi, irritable; -kvaddr,pp. easilymoved (váru menn til þass -kvaddir).

auð-kvisa, f., -kvisi, m.; see ‘aukvisi’. auð-kvæðr,a. easilytalkedover,easily moved, pliable. auð-kymli,f. weakness (þávarphónaf sér -kymli konunnar).

auð-kýfingr,m. amanofgreatwealth. auð-lattr,pp. easilykeptincheck; -látinn,pp. ofeasy,affablemanners, complaisant. auð-legð,f. wealth,riches; -maðr,m. wealthyman; -mildingr,m. generous, free-handed man. auð-mjúkliga,adv.(1) humbly;(2) easily; -mjúkligr,a. humble (auðmjúkligt bœnarbréf); -mjúkr,a.(1) humble,meek; (2) pliable,docile; -munaðr,pp. easily remembered; -mýkja (-ta, -tr),v.(1) to humble;auð-mýkjasik, tohumbleoneself; (2) tomakepliable; -mýkt,f. meekness, humility. auðn,f.(1) wilderness,desert (úfœriligarauðnir);(2) uninhabitedanduncultivatedtractofland,waste (bygðustþámargarauðnirlandsins);(3) desertedfarmor habitation (sábœrhétsíðanáHrappstöðum,þarernúauðn);(4) desolation; ríkimittstendrmjöktilauðnar, isina stateofdesolation;liggja(leggja)íauðn,

auðna A aufusa

tolie(tolay)waste;(5) destruction (auðn borgarinnar).

auðna,f.(1) fate;a.munþvíráða, Fate mustsettlethat;(2) goodfortune;með auðnuþeirri,atÞorkatlivarlengralífs auðit, bythatgoodfortunethatlongerlife was destined for Thorkel. auðna, f. desolation, = auðn. auðna (að),v.impers. tofalloutby fate;efhonumauðnaðieigiaptratkoma, ifhedidnothavethegoodfortunetoreturn;efguðvill,atþessauðni, thatitshall succeed; sem auðnar, as luck decides. auðnar-glutr,n. squandering,prodigality; -hús,n. desertedhouse; -maðr, m. destroyer; -óðal,n. impovetishedestate; -sel,n. desertedshieling; -staðr, m. a desert place. auðnu-lauss,a. luckless; -maðr,m. luckyman,favouriteoffortune; -samliga, adv. fortunately. auð-næmiligr, a. easy to learn. auð-næmr,a. easilylearned,soongot by heart. auðr,a. empty,void,desolate;húsin voruauð, uninhabited;auðskip(= hroðin), emptyships,allthecrewbeing slainorputtoflight;a.afmönnum, void ofpeople;a.atyndi, devoidofpleasure, cheerless.

auð-velda (að),v. tomakeeasy,take lightly.

auðvelda-verk, n. an easy task. auð-veldi,n. easiness,facility;með -veldi, easily; -veldliga,adv.(1) easily, lightly,taka-veldligaíe-u, tomakelight of;(2) withoutreluctance,willingly; -veldligr,a. easytoovercome (hversu -veldligsúborgvar); -veldr,a., -velliligr, a. (1) easy; (2) compliant. auð-virða, &c.; see ‘afvirða’.

auð-vitað,pp.n. easytoknow,clear, evident; -víst, a. n., = -vitað.

auð-þrifligr, a. weakly, feeble. auð-œfi, n. pl. opulence, wealth, riches. aufi,interj. woe!alas!;a.mérora.mik, woe is me!

aufusa or aufúsa,f. thanks,gratitude, satisfaction,pleasure;kunnae-maufúsu fyrire-t, tobethankful,obligedtoone,for athing;gefae-maufúsu, tothank;e-mer

auðr,m. riches,wealth;auðrfjár, great wealth;auðrervaltastrvina, wealthisthe ficklest of friends. auð-ráð, n. wealth, = auðræði. auð-ráðinn,pp.(1) easilyexplained (ofadream);(2) easytomanage (ofa boat); -ráðr, a. pliable, yielding. auð-rann,n. richhouse; -ræði,n.pl. means,property,wealth; -salir,m.pl. rich (splendid) halls. auð-sénn,pp. easilyseen,evident; -skilligr,a. easytounderstand; -skreiðr,a.=örskreiðr; -skœðr,a. easilydamaged,delicate,tender; -sóttligr, a.(1) easytoperform,aneasytask (þótti þettaeigivera-sóttligt);(2) thatcaneasilybetakenbyforce (borg-sóttlig); -sóttr,pp. easytowin (mal-sótt);auðsóttr til bœna, pliable, yielding. auð-stafr, m. poet. wealthy man. auð-sveipr, a. pliable, yielding. auð-sýna (-da, -dr),v. toshow,exhibit; refl.,-sýnast, toappearclearly; -sýniliga,adv. clearly; -sýniligr,a. evident, clear; -sýning,f. makingevident,explanation; -sýnn,a.easily seen,clear,evident; -sæligr,a.=-sýniligr; -sær,a. =-sýnn; -trúa,a.indecl., -trúinn,a. credulous; -tryggi,f. simplicity,credulity; -tryggr,a. simple-hearted,credulous. auðugr, a., see ‘auðigr’.

au.áe-u, oneispleased,gratified,with;ef yðrerþarnökkurau.á, ifitbeanypleasuretoyou;varmönnummikilau.áþví, were much pleased by it. aufúsa-gestr,m. awelcomeguest, opp.to‘andvara-gestr’; -lauss,a. ungrateful,unthankful; -orð,n. thanks; -svipr, m. friendly mien. auga (gen.pl. augna),n. eye;lúka (bregða)uppaugum,bregðaaugumí sundr, toopen(liftup)theeyes;lúkaaptr augum, toshifttheeyes;renna(bregða, leiða)augumtile-s, toturntheeyesto; leiðae-naugum, tomeasureonewiththe eyes;berjaaugumíe-t, totakeintoconsideration;komaaugumáe-t, toseteyes on,becomeawareof;hafaaugaáe-u, t have,keep,aneyeupon;segjae-me-tí auguupp, toone’sface,rightintheface; unnae-msemaugumíhöfðisér, asone ’ s owneye-balls;e-mvexe-tíaugu, onehas scruplesabout;náiternefaugum, the noseisneighbortotheeyes;gløggtergests augat, aguest’seyeissharp;mörgeru dagsaugu, thedayhasmanyeyes;eigileynaaugu,efannkonamanni, theeyescannothideitifawomanlovesaman;(2) hole,aperture inaneedle(nálarauga),ina millstone(kvarnarauga)oranaxe-head; (3) pit full of water.

auga-bora,f. socketoftheeye; -bragð, n.(1) twinklingofaneye,moment;áeinu augabragði, inthetwinklingofaneye;(2) glance,look;snart-bragð, akeenglance; hafa-bragðafe-u,áe-u, tocastalookat; (3) abuttforridicule,hafaenat-bragði, tomakesportofridicule verðaat-bragð to becomealaughingstock; -bragðligr,a. (1) momentary;(2) instantaneous; -staðr, m. socketoftheeye; -steinn,m. apple(or pupil) of the eye.

augbrá,f. eye-lashes; -dapr,a. weaksighted; -fagr,a.=augnafagr; -lit,n. face,countenance;fyrir(orí)gúðsaugliti, beforethefaceofGod; -ljós,n.,inthe phrase,komaí-ljós, tocometolight,appear; -ljóss, a. clear, manifest. augna-bending,f. awarninglookor glance; -bragð,n.=augabragð; -fagr,a. fair-eyed,havingbeautifuleyes; -fullr, a. fullofeyes; -gaman,n. delightfullof theeyes; -karl,m. panofthehip-joint; -kast,n. wildglance; -lag,n. look; -mein,n. diseaseoftheeye; -myrkvi,m. dimnessoftheeye; -sjáldr,n. eyeball, pupil; -skot,n.(1) look,glanceoftheeye; (2) measurebytheeye (ataugnaskoti); -staðr,m.=augastaðr; -sveinn,m. a Iadleadingablindman; -verkr,m. pain intheeye; -þungi,m. heavinessofthe eye.

aug-sjándi,pr.p. seeingwithone’sown eyes;ataugsjándumpostulumsínum, in sightofhisapostles; -sjón,f.=augsýn; -súrr,a. blear-eyed,=súreygr; -sýn,f. sight;komaí-sýne-m, toappearbefore him;í-sýne-m, inthefaceof; -sýnast (d),v.refl. toappearclearly; -sýniliga, adv. visibly; -sýniligr,a. visible; -sýnn, a. = auð-sýnn, aug-ljóss.

auk,adv.andconj.(1) besides,=atauki (hundraðmannaokaukkapparhans);(2) also, = ok.

auka (eyk, jók, jókum, aukinn),v. (1) toaugment,increase (a.virðinge-s; a.ættsína;a.vandræði); toprolong (a. þing);aukandaferrame-t, something goesonincreasing;eigierþataukit (it isnoexaggeration) þóathannsésagðr ríkastrmaðráÍslandi;orðumaukit, exaggerated;aukin(morethan)þrjúhundruðmanna;(2) toadd,withdat.(jókek

þvíesmérvarðsíðarkunnara);a.synd ásyndofan, toheapsinuponsin;a.e-u við, toadd;aukastorðumvið, tocometo words,toconverse;withacc.,a.nývandræði(=nýjumvandræðum)áhinfornu, toaddnewdifficultiestooldones;impers., jókstórumhansharm, hisgriefincreased greatly;(3) tosurpass,exceed;þatereykr sexaura,þáákonungrhálftþatereykr, ifitexceedssixounces,thekingtakeshalf the excess. auka (að),v.(aNorseform)=thepreceding.

auka-gørð, f. unnecessary work. auka-hlutr,m.,at-hlut, inaddition, to boot, = at auk.

aukan, f. increase, augmenttation. auka-nafn,n. nickname,additional name; -smíði,n. superfluousthing; -tungl,n. intercalarymoon; -verk,n. superfluous work. auki,m.(1) addition,increase (a.fagnaðar,pínsla);verðaatmoldarauka, to becomedust,todie;tilauka, inaddition, toboot;fœrastíallaauka(aflssíns), to exerttotheutmostone’sbodilystrength; (2) seed,progeny,offspring (eigigaftþú méraukaeðrafkvæmi);(3) produceofthe earth; (4) interest of capital.

auk-nefna (-da, -dr),v. tonickname; -nefni,n. contemptuousname,nickname (eigiemekbastarðrnemaat-nefni,of William the Conqueror).

aukning, f. increase. aukvisi,m. degenerateperson,laggard (einn er au. ættar hverrar).

auma,f. misery,inthephrase,sjáaumu or aumuráe-m, totakepityupon;cf.‘arma ’ .

aum-hjartaðr,a. tender-hearted,charitible.

aumingi (-ja),m. miserableperson, wretch (guð aumingi).

aumka (að),v. tocommiserate,tofeel pity for (a person, &c.).

aumkan, f. lamentation, wailing. aum-leikr,m. misery,wretchedness; -liga,adv. piteously,wretchedly; -ligleikr,m.=-leikr; -ligr,a. poor, miserable (aumligr ok hörmuligr).

aumr,a. poor,miserable,unhappy, wretched. aum-staddr,pp. inapoor,wretched state; miserably situated. aura-, gen. pl. from aurar; see ‘eyrir’. aura-dagr,m. pay-day; -lag,n. standardofmoney; -lán,n. wordlyluck; -lógan,f. squanderingmoney,profuseness; -lykt,f. payment; -skortr,m. scarcity of money; -taka, f. receipt of money.

aur-borð,n. thesecondplankfromthe keel of a boat. aur-gáti, m.; see ‘ørgáti’. aurigr (acc. aurgan),a. clayey,muddy.

aurr,m. moistearth,clay,mud (aurr etr iljar, en ofan kuldi).

aurriða-bekkr,m. trout-stream; -flski,n. trout-fishery; -net,n. troutnet; -vatn, n. a lake with trout. aurriði, m. salmon-trout. aur-skór,m. ‘mud-shoe’,horse-shoe; -skriða, f. landslip. ausa (eys, jós, jósum, ausinn),v. to sprinkle,pour,withdat.;þærtakahvern dagvatníbrunninumokausa(viz. því) uppyfiraskinn, pouritovertheash-tree; a.síldórnetjum, toemptythenetsofthe herrings;fig.,a.sauriáe-n, tobespatterwithabuse;a.e-me-uíauguupp, to throw…inone’sface;(2)a.e-n(or et)e-u, tobesprinklewithathing;a.e-n

moldu, tosprinklewithearth,tobury;a. barnvatni,asortofbaptismintheheathenage(Sigurðrjarljóssveininnvatni okkallaðiHákon);(3)withacc., tobale; a.skipupp, tobaletheshipout;fig.,a. bátsinn, tomakewetter;(4)ofahorse, to kick or lash out with the hind legs. ausa,f. ladle;ekkierennsopit,þóí ausunasékomit, there’smanyaslip‘twixt the cup and lip. aus-ker, n. = austrs-ker. ausli, m.; see ‘auvisli, usli’. austan,adv. fromtheeast;áaustan, blowingfromeast;fyriraustan(asaprep. withacc.), eastof;(2)withoutmotion, ontheeasternside (þrjúhliðvóruaustan áborginni);(3)withgen., totheeastof (austan árinnar; austan fjarðar). austan-ferð,f. journeyfromtheeast; -gols,f. lightbreezefromtheeast; -kváma,f. arrivalfromtheeast; -marð,m. a manfromtheeast; -veðr,n. easterlygale; -verðr,a. eastern,easterly; -vindr,m. east wind.

austar-liga, adv., -ligr, a. easterly. austarr,adv.compar. moretotheeast; austast,adv.superl. mosttotheeast; austastr,a.superl. mosteasterly,easternmost.

aust-firðingr,m. onefromtheeastof Iceland; -firðir,m.pl. theeastfirthsof Iceland; -firzkr,a. fromtheeastfirths(of Iceland); aust-ker, n. = austrs-ker.

aust-maðr,m. ‘eastman’,amanfrom theeast;inIcelandandintheOrkneys, a man from Norway. austr,n.(1) theeast (sólíaustri;til austrs);(2)asadv., intheeast (ekvara. okánavarðak); towardstheeast (þúvart a. sendr).

austr (-ra or -rar),m.(1) theactof

balingoutwater;standaíaustri, tobe engagedinbaling;(2) bilge-water (skipit fullt af austri).

austr-átt, f. = austrætt.

austr-biti,m. across-beamnearthe baling place (in a ship).

austrfarar-knórr,m., -skip,n. vessel bound for the Baltic.

austr-ferð: -för,f. voyagetotheeast, esp. to Russia or the eastern Baltic.

austr-hálfa,f.(1) theeasternpart; hennar (ofEurope) -hálfa;(2) Asia (-austrhálfa heimsins).

austrhálfu-lýðr,m., -þjóð,f. people of the east.

austr-kendr,a. easterly (varveðrit austrkennt).

austr-ker, n. scoop, = austrs-ker.

austr-ligr, a. eastern. austr-lönd, n. pl. the East. austr-mál, n. turn at baling. austr-oka (að),v. tolavish,squander (oka fé sínu).

austr-ríki,n. theeasternempire,esp. the east of Europe; also of Asia. austr-rúm,n. thebalingplace ina ship.

austrs-ker,n. scoot,bucketforbating out water.

austr-vegr,m. theeast,esp.theeastern Baltic, Russia.

austrvegs-konungr,m. kingofRussia;-konungar, thethreekingsfromthe east; -maðr,m. inhabitantofthe austrvegr.

austr-ætt,f. easternregionofthe heaven, east.

aust-rœnn,a. eastern,comingfromthe east;-rœngola, easterlybreeze;-rœnn maðr=austmaðr;-rœnnviðr, timberfrom Norway.

aust-skota, f. scoop, = austrs-ker. auvi,interj. alas! =aufi(auvimérveslugri).

auvirðast (að),v.refl., tobecome worthless, = afvirðast.

auvirði,n.(1) worthlesswretch;(2)a lawterm, damage,anythingimpairingthe value of a thing.

auvirðiligr, a. worthless, wretched. auvirðis-maðr, m. a worthless wretch. auvirðskapr, m. worthlessness. auvisla-bót,f. compensationfordamage.

auvisli (af,vesall),m.,contr. ausli,

usli;(1)alawterm, damage;bœtaauvisla, topaycompensationfordamagedone; (2) hurt,injury ingeneral;setjaundanöllum auvisla, to get off unscathed. ax, n. ear of corn. axar-, see ‘øxar-’. ax-helma, f. stalk and ear of corn. axlar-bein,n. shoulder-bone,shoulderblade; -liðr, m. shoulder-joint. axl-byrðr,f. loadborneontheshoulder (öxl); -hár,a. ashighasaman’sshoulder (axlhár e-m). ay, interj. = auvi (ay mér veslugri).

Áá,prep.,A.withdat.I.ofplace;(1) on, upon,in;ágólfi, onthefloor;áhendi, on thehand (ofaring);ásjáoklandi, on seaandland;ábókumenskum, inEnglishbooks;áhimni, inheaven;ájörðu, onearth;hafalykilásér,… onone ’ sperson;veraáþingi, tobepresentatameeting;veraískógi, tobeoutinaforest (of ahunter,robber,deer);þæreyjarliggja áBreiðafirði,… inBroadfirth;(2)inconnexionwithpropernamesofcountries, espthoseendingin‘-land’, in;áEnglandi,Írlandi,Skotlandi,Bretlandi,Grœnlandi,Íslandi,&c.,áMœri,Ögðum, Fjölum;áMýrum(inIceland);áFinnmörk,áFjóni(aDanishisland),butí Danmörk,Svipjóð;alsobeforenamesof Icel.farmsdenotingopenspaces;á Þórisstöðum,áMöðruvöllum,áFitjum. II.oftime;(1) during,inthecourseof;á nótt, bynight;ádegi, byday;áþvíári, vári,sumri, inthatyear,spring,summer;á þremsumrum, inthecourseofthreesummers;varhannáfámdögumheill, within fewdays;ádögume-s, inthedaysof,in hisreignortime;(2)usedofafixedrecurrentperiodorseason;ávárum,sumrum, haustum,vetrum, everyspring,summer, &c.;ákveldum, intheevening;þrisvará ári,mánuði, threetimesayear,amonth. III.fig.andinvariousrelations;(1)denotingpersonalrelation, in,to,towards; bœtae-táe-m, tomakeamendstoone (personally);sjááe-m, toreadone or in one’sface;hafaelsku(hatr)áe-m, tobear love(hatred)toone;rjúfasættáe-m, to breakatruceonone;(2)withareflexivepron.,denotingpersonalappearance, temper,look;veraþungr,léttrásér, to beheavy or light (eitherbodilyormentally);kátrokléttrásér, ofagayand lightdisposition;þatbragðhafðihanná sér, helookedasif;sýnafáleikaásér, to showdispleasure;(3)asperiphrasisofthe possessivepron.oragenitive;hannréttiásérfingrna, hestretchedhisfingers; fótrinnáhonum, hisfoot;ívörunumá honum, inhislips;stafn,skutr,árar,segl áskipi, thestem,stern,oars,sailofaship; blöðátré, leavesofatree;eggásverði= sverðsegg;(4)denotinginstrumentality, by,bymeansof;aflafjáráhólmgöngum, tomakemoneybyduelling;fellae-ná bragði,… byatrick (inwrestling);komastundanáflótta, toescapebyflight; (5)withnumerals;áþriðjatigimanna, betweentwentyandthirty;áníundatigi, betweeneightyandninetyyearsofage;á öðruhundraðiskipa, withaboveahundredsail;(6)inmanyadverbialphrases; álífi, alive;ábrautu, away;áfloti, afloat; ámilli, between;álaun, secretly;ámóti, against;áenda, atanend;áflugi, a-flying,intheair;ágangi, walking;áskjálfi, a-shivering;áhleri, a-listening;áveiðum, a-hunting;ábeit, a-grazing;(7)usedabsol.inreferencetotheairortheweather;þokavarámikil, athickfogwason; allhvastánorðan, verystrongbreezefrom thenorth;gørðiáregn, raincameon.B. withacc.I.ofplace;(1)indicatingdirectionwithorwithoutmotion, towards,to, on,upon;gangaáland, togoashore;gangaáskóg, intothewood;stígaáskip, to

goonboard;ábæðiborð, onbothsides (of theship);áhlið, sidewise;höggvaátvær hendr, tohew or strikerightandleft;stefnaáfótinn, toaimatthefoot;gekkveðrit ávestr, thewindveeredtothewest;hárit tókofanábelti, reacheddowntothebelt; rekaaustráhaf, todrifteastwardsonthe sea;(2)insomecasestheacc.isusedinsteadofthedat.,esp.withverbsdenoting tohear or tosee;þeirsáboðamikinn innáfjörðinn, theysawgreatbreakers awayinthefirth;withphrasesdenoting tobeplaced,seated,tosit,theseatisfreq. inacc.;sitjaámiðjanbekk, tobeseated onthemiddlebench;skyldikonungssæti veraáþannbekk;(3)denotingpartsof thebody;bítae-nábarka, tobiteonein thethroat;skerae-náháls, tocutone’s throat;kalinnákné, frozen(frost-bitten) uptotheknee.II.oftime;(1)connected with‘evening,morning,theseasons’ withthearticle;ákveldit, everyevening; ásumarit, everysummer;ávetrinn, inthe winter-time;theplur.,however,ismuch morecommoninsuchcases;ánætrnar, bynight,everynight;ámorgnana, inthe morning,everymorning;ákveldin, inthe evening;ávárin, inspring;ásumrin, in summer;áhaustin, inautumn (cf.A.II. 1.);‘dagr’isalwaysusedinsing.withthe art.suffixed;ádaginn, duringthedaytime,everydayinturn;(2)denotinga movementonwardintime;erleiðá vetrinn(daginn,kveldit,nóttina), asthe winter,&c., woreon.III.fig.andinvariousrelations;(1) on,upon,to;bjóðavöxtuáféit, toofferinterestonthemoney; fááe-n, tomakeanimpressionupon;komaárœðuviðe-n, toenterintotalkwith, tospeakwith;(2)ofcolour,complexion, inrespectof,inregardto:hvítr,jarpr,

døkkráhár, having,white,brown,dark hair;døkkráhörund, ofdarkcomplexion; (3) denotingskill,dexterity;hagrátré, agoodcarpenter;hagrájárn,málm, an expertworkeriniron,metals;fimiráboga, goodatthebow;meistariáhörpuslátt, amasterinharp-playing;mikilláíþrótt, highlyaccomplished;frœðimaðrálandnámssögurokfornafrœði, agreatscholar inhistoryandantiquities;(4) denotingdimensions;áhæð(lengd,breidd,dýpt), in height(length,breadth,depth);(5)denoting instrumentality;bjargastásínarhendr, toliveontheworkofone’sownhands; vegaáskállir, toweighinscales;nefnaenánafn, byname;(6)denoting manner; áþessalund, inthiswise;ámarga(ymsa, alla)vega, inmany(various,all)respects; esp.ofalanguage;mæla,ritaáe-atungu, tospeak,writeinatongue;áÍrsku, inIrish;(7)insomephrasestheacc.is usedinsteadofthedat.;hannlétekki ásikfinna, heshowednosignofmotion; (8)indistributivesense;skalmörkkaupagæzluákúeðroxa, amark…forevery cow;(9)connectedwithnouns,inprepositionalandadverbialphrases;áhendr e-m, against;áhœlae-m, atone’sheels, closebehind;ábake-m, atthebackof,behind;ábraut, away;ávíxl, soastocross, cross-wise.

á (gen. ár,pl. ár,gen. á,dat. ám),f. river;hérkemrátilsævar, heretheriver runsintothesea,fig.,= thisisthevery end.

á-auki,m.(1) increase;(2) interestof money, yield, profit; (3) reward. á-austr (-rs), m. abusive language. á-barning,f.(1) thrashing,flogging (= barsmíð);(2) assault (oftheEvilOne), temptation.

á-batan, f. = ábati.

á-bati, m. profit, gain.

á-bersemi, f. disposition to accuse. á-blátsinn,pp. inspired (bókguðliga áblásin).

á-blásning,f.(1) breathingupon (með eldsá.);(2)gramm., aspiration;(3) inspiration; á-blástr,m.(1) breathingupon; (2) inspiration.

ábóta-dœmi,n. abbacy,abbotship; -kosning,f. electionofanabbot; -ligr, a. abbatial; -sonr,m. sonofanabbot; -stétt,f. therank,dignityofanabbot; -stofa,f. abbot’sparlour; -sæti,n. seat of anabbot; -vald,n. thepower,dignity of an abbot.

ábóta-vant,a.n. inneedofimprovement,imperfect (þar er honumþótti -vant um kristnihaldit).

ábóti, m. abbot.

á-breiða,f., á-breizl,n. bed-covering, counterpane.

á-brúðigr,a.=afbrúðigr; ábbrýða,v. = afbrýða; á-brýði, f. = afbrýði.

áburðar-klæði,n.pl. fineclothes, showydress; -kona,f. ashowy,dressy woman; -maðr,m. showyperson,dandy; -mikill,a. puffedup,showy; -samligr, -samr, a. showy.

á-burðr,m.(1) charge;(2) salve,ointment;(3) pomporbraveryindress (cf.‘berast mikit á’).

á-búð,f.(1)tenancy;eflandspillistí ábúðhans, duringhistenancy;(2) duties of a tenant.

ábúðar-maðr,m. aninhabitant; -skylda, f. duties ol a tenant.

á-búnaðr, m. tenancy (= ábúð).

á-byrgð,f. responsibility;veraíá.um e-t, toberesponsiblefor;veraórá.ume-t, tobeexemptfromresponsibilityinacase;

hafamikitíá., havemuchatstake;e-terí ábyrgðumviðmik, Iamresponsibleforit. ábyrgðar-fullr,a. fullofresponsibility,responsible; -hlutr,m. anobject, matterinvolvingrisk,aresponsibility; -lauss,a. irresponsible,freefromrisk; -lítill,a. involvinglittlerisk; -ráð,n. responisiblestep; -samligr,a. momentous, very important.

á-byrgja (-ða, -ðr),v. tomakeoneanswerablefor (áe-me-t or e-táhendie-m); refl., ábyrgjast e-t, to answer for, warrant. á-bœli, n. tenancy, farm, = ábúð.

áðan,adv.(1) before (lönguá.);(2) alittle while ago (Kolr fór frá seli á.).

áðr,adv.(1) already (ekhefáðrráðit brullaupMitt);(2) before,heretofore;litlu (löngu)á., alittlewhile (long) before;(3) =áðren, previoustothetimewhen,before, ere;þeirhöfðuskammahríðsetiðá.þar komGunnhildr, theyhadsatbutashort whilebeforeG.came;dóumargirá.þeir kœmitilfyrirheitsjarðar, beforetheycame tothelandofpromise;(4) until,till (þat varsvipstundeiná.stofanbrann);(5) semá., nevertheless,forallthat (hónbað hannþateigigera,enhanntekrhana sem á.).

áðreifing, f. sprinkling upon. áðr-nefndr, pp. before mentioned. á-drykkja,f.theactofdrinkingto; sitjafyriádrykkjue-s, tositoveragainst oneashisdrinking-mate (regardedasa mark of honor).

á-drykkr,m. awavedashingovera ship.

á-eggja (að),v. toeggorurgeon,toexhort (á e-m).

á-eggjan, f. egging on, instigation. áeggjanar-fífl,n. afoolortoolegged onbyanother (hafae-nat-fífli); -gre-

jnir,f.pl. exhortations; -óp,n. encouraging shout.

á-eggjari,m. instigator (áeggjariglœpa).

áfa, f. disturbance, quarrel, strife.

á-fall,n.(1) heazysea (dashingovera ship);(2)lawterm, impositionofafine (á. sektar); (3) = áfelli, calamity, visitation.

áfalls-dómr,m. sentenceofcondemnation or punishment.

á-fang,n.(1) layinghandsupon,rough handling (varðhannfyrirmikluspottiok áfangi);(2) mulct,fine,incurredbyillegal seizureofanotherman’sgoods;sexaura

á., a fine of six ounces.

á-fangi, m. = áfang 2.

á-fangr, m.; see ái-vangr.

á-fastr, a. fastened to, joined to.

á-fátt, a. n. defective, faulty.

á-felli,n. calamity;standaundiráfelli, tobeundergreathardship;hvertá.jarl hafðiveitthonum, whatpenaltiestheearl had laid on him.

áfellis-dómr, m. condemnation.

á-fenginn,pp., -fengr,a. intoxicating (á. mjöðr, drykkr).

á-flog, n. pl. brawl fighting.

á-form, n. arrangement.

á-forma (að),v. toarrangeabouta thing (um e-t).

á-fram,adv. forward,onward;féllhann á., ontheface;komstaldrilengraá.fyrir honumumskáldskapinn, henevergot anyfurtherinhisversemaking;hélduþeir á. leiðina, they held forward on their way.

á-frá, prep. from, = frá (á. þeim degi).

á-frýja, v. = frýja á e-n.

á-frýja, f. reproach, rebuke.

á-fýsi,f. gratification,satisfaction (oss er engi á. at).

á-fœra (-ða, -ðr), v. to reproach.

á-ganga,f.=ágangr(veitae-mágöngu).

á-gangr,m. molestation,annoyance, assault, aggression.

ágang-samr, a. agressive.

ágangs-maðr,m. anaggressor (viðmína ágangsmenn).

á-gauð,f. barking (atone); abusivelanguage;veitae-mmiklaágauð, toabuse grossly.

á-gengiligr, a. acceptable, agreeable. á-gengt,a.n.,e-mverðrágengt, oneis exposed to ágangr.

á-gildi, n. value of a ewe (ær).

á-gildr, a. of a ewe’s value.

á-girnast (d),v.refl. tocovet,lustafter (ágirnaste-t=girnastáe-t); ágirnd,f. (1) ardentdesire,ambition;(2) cupidity, avarice (hannhafðidregitundirsik Finnskattinn með ágirnd).

ágirndar-bál,n., -eldr, -logi,m. flameofambition or cupidity; -löstr,m. vice (passion) of avarice.

á-girni,f.(1) ambition;(2) greed,cupidity.

á-girnis-fullr, a. avaricious, selfish. á-gjarn,a.(1) ambitious (á.okfégjarn); á.tilfjár, covetous;(2) impetuous,eager (kappar ágjarnir ok óhræddir).

ágjarn-liga,adv.(1) eagerly,vehemently;(2) withgreed or cupidity; -ligr, a. proceedingfromcupidity or avarice (-lig rán).

ágóða-hlútr, m. profitable share. á-góði, m. gain, profit, benefit.

á-grip,n.,inthephrase,lítillágripum, small of size. ágæta (-tta, -ttr),v. topraiseorcommend highly.

ágæta-,gen.pl.from‘ágæta’,isprefixedtomanywordstoexpresssome-

thing capital,excellent; -góðr,a. excellent; -gripr,m. capitalthing; -naut,n. fineox; -skjótr,a. veryswift; -vel,adv. excellently well.

ágæti,n. glory,fame,renown,excellence;inpl., gloriousdeeds (mikilágæti vórusögðafGunnari);gerae-tatágætum, to praise highly.

ágætingr,m.=ágætismaðr,ágætr maðr.

ágætis-,gen.from‘ágæti’,prefixedto agreatmanywordswiththesamemeaningas‘ágæta-’; -gripr,m.=ágæta-gripr; -læknir,m. excellentphysician; -maðr, m. excellentman; -verk,n. master-piece; usedasanadv. highly,extremely (húsfrú ágætis siðsöm).

ágæt-liga,adv. capitally; -ligr,a. excellent, goodly.

ágætr,a. famous,excellent;ágætr höfðingi, excellentchief;ágætirgimsteinar, noble gems.

á-gørð, f. gain, profit (= ávöxtr).

á-hald,n.(1) layingholdof,esp.inpl., fighting,brawl;verðaáhöldmeðmönnum, theycometoatussle;(2) possession; veitae-uáhaldoráhöld, totakepossession of;(3)hafaáhöldviðe-mume-t, tobe equal to (match for) one in a thing. á-hankast (að),v.refl. tobecomeentangled.

á-heit, n. invocation, vow.

á-henda (-nda, -ndr),v. tolayhands upon,seize; á-hendr,pp. withinreach; þau urðu áhend, they were seized.

á-heyrandi,pr.p. withinhearing,listening;atöllumboðsmönnumáheyröndum, inthehearing(presence)ofallthe guests.

á-heyriligr,a. worthhearing,well soundin; á-heyris,adv. withinhearing,

inone’shearing; á-heyrsi, á-heyrsli,a. indecl.,verðae-sá., togettoknowby hearing.

á-hlaup,n.(1) onset,attack,incursion; gerae-tmeðáhlaupum, todoathing, impetuously;(2) leaping,covering (ofanimals).

á-hlaups-maðr,m. animpetuousperson.

á-hlekking,f.(1) stumblingblock (drepafótumíáhlekkingar);(2) error, slip;(3) adversity; á-hleypinn,a. impetuous,vehement; á-hlýðást (dd),v. refl. togiveearto,listento (á.ummælies);á.viðe-n, toagreewith; á-hlýðinn, a. givingawillingear,listeningreadily (á. ume-t,tile-s);ekkiá., obstinate,selfwilled.

áhrins-orð,n.pl. words(spells)that come true (verða at -orðum).

áhuga-fullr,n.pl. fullofcare; -lítill,a. slow; -maðr,a. eager,aspiring man; -mikill,a. eager,vigorous; -samt, a.n.,e-mer-samt, oneisconcerned (aboutsomething); -verðr,a. causing concern, serious. á-hugi,m.(1) intention,mind;e-mer e-tíáhuga, oneintendstodoathing;(2) eagerness (ekkiskortirykkráhuga);(3) mind,opinion (eigierþvíatleyna,hverr minná.erumþetta);(4) care,solicitude, áhyggja;(5) devotion;biðjaþeirgoðm með miklum áhuga, fervently. á-hyggja,f. care,concern,anxiety;bera áhyggjufyrire-m, tobeconcernedabout; færþathonummikillaráhyggjuokreiði, it causes him much concern and anger. áhyggjast (að),v.refl.,á.e-t or um e-t, tobeconcernedabout,takecareor thought for. áhyggju-fenginn, -fullr,a. anxious,

áhöfn Á á-kæra

concerned; -lauss,a. unconcerned; -mikill,a. veryanxious;e-mgeristmikit, onegrowsveryanxious; -samliga,adv. gravely,anxiously; -samligr,a. anxiouslooking; -samr,a. anxious,careful; -svipr,m., -yfirbragð,n. grave,anxious look.

áhöfn,f.(1) frreightorloadingofaship; (2) luggage.

á-högg, n. slaughter of a ewe (ær).

ái, m. greal-grandfather.

ái-fangi, ái-fangr,m. restin-place (forhorsestorestandgraze); -fóðr,n. fodderforhorsesataresting-place; -vangr,m.=ái-fangr(cf.‘æja’, tobait,and ‘vangr’, field).

ákafa-maðr,m. aneager,impetuous man (-maðr um e-t).

ákafast (að),v.refl., tobevehement, eager;á.áe-t, tobusyoneselfeagerlywith a thing.

ákafi,m. eagerness,vehemence;með ákafamiklum, vehemently;íákafa, eagerly,impetuously;thegen.‘ákafa’isprefixedtoagreatmanyadjectivesandto somesubstantives,inthesenseof ina highdegree,very;ákafafagr, verybeautiful;ákafareiðr, veryangry,furious;ákafa drífa, a heavy snow-drift.

ákaf-leikr,m. eagerness,vehemence; -liga,adv.(1)vehemently,impetuously; faraákafliga, torushon;biðja-liga, to prayferevently;(2) very,exceedingly (-liga reiðr); -ligr,a. vehement,hot (ákafligr bardagi,-ligreiði); -lyndi,n. ahot,impetuoustemper; -lyndr,a. hot-tempered, impetuous.

ákafr,a. vehement,fierce (á.bardagi); þennadagvarveizlanallraáköfust, at thehighestpitch;neut.asadv.,kallaákaft áBárð, topraytoB.fervently;ríðasem

ákafast, to ride at a furious pace.

á-kall,n.(1) callingupon,invocation (á.ánafnguðs);(2) clamour,shouting;(3) claim, demand (á. til e-s, to a thing).

ákalls-lauss,a. freefromallclaimsor demands.

á-kals,n. aninportunate,urgentrequest (cf. kalls).

á-kast,n.(1) throwingupon,castingat; (2)fig., assault (á.óhreinsanda);(3)pl. taunts; á-kastan,f. castingupion; ákasta-samr, a. taunting.

á-kefð,f.=ákafi(vægiligaeneigimeð ákefð).

á-kefðarorð,n.pl. passionateorviolent words.

á-kenning,f.(1) smack,savour (hafaá. e-s or afe-u);(2) slightreprimand (geraem á.); á-kenningr, m. = ákenning.

á-keypi, n. right of pre-emption.

á-klagan, f. accusation, charge. ál-klæði,n. bed-covering,counterpane (sængr með áklæðum).

á-kneiki,n. shame (snúae-ue-mtil ákneikis); -koma, -kváma,f.(1) touch; úfriðará., visitationofwar;(2) hurt, wound.

á-kúfóttr, a. round as a ball. á-kveðinn,pp. fixed,appointed; ákveðinorð, marked,pointedwords;með ákveðnum orðum, in express words.

á-kvæði,n. decision,verdict;með ákvæðum, expressly. ákvæðis-teigr,m. apieceoffieldtobe mowninadey; -verk,n. piecework (þat er títt á Íslandi at hafa ákvæðisverk).

á-kynnis, adv. on a visit. á-kæra (-ða, -ðr), v. to complain of. á-kæra,f. charge,complaint (bera ákæruáe-n); á-kærari,m. accuser,complainant; á-kærsla, f. = ákæra.

ákærslu-lauss Á álmviðar-skógr

ákærslu-lauss,a.=ákærulauss; -maðr, m. = ákærumaðr.

ákæru-lauss,a. undisputed,unimpeached; -maðr,m. accuser,complainant.

ál (pl. -ar), f. leather-strap.

á-lag,n.(1)esp.pl., álög, impost,tax, burden;(2) visitation,tribulation;(3)law term, additional fine; (4) spell, charm.

á-laga, f. esp. pl. álögur = álag (1).

ála-garðr, m. eel-pond, stew for eels.

álags-háttr,m.akindofmetre,the firstsyllableofthefollowinglinecompleting the sentence.

álar-endi,m. endofaleatherstrap; -reip, n. rope of leather.

ála-virki, n. = álagarðr.

ál-belti,m. leathernbelt; -borinn, pp. measuredwithathongorcord (ofa field); -burbr,m. measurement(ofa field) with a cord.

á-leiðis,adv.(1) onwardsforwards (fóruá.tilskipasinna);vildusnúaá.för sinni, proceedontheirjourney;fig.,koma e-uá., tobringabout;víkjaá.meðe-m, to sidewithone;(2) ontherightpath,opp. to afleiðis; snúa e-m á., to convert one. á-leikni,f. pertness; á-leikr,m. trick; á-leiksi,a. havinggottheworstofthe game.

á-leita (að),v. tomolest,annoy; áleitiligr,a. reprehensible; áleitinn,a. aggressive; á-leitni,f.(1) aggressiveness (á. við e-n); (2) blame, censure.

á-lengdar,adv. forthefuture (engum friði heit ek þér á.).

á-lengr,adv.(1) forthefuture,always (þessiillvirkiskyldieigiá.úhefndvera); (2) furthermore;(3)á.er, assoonas (álengr er hann er sextán vetra).

álfa, f. = hálfa.

álfa-blót,n. sacrificestotheelves; ál-

fa-kyn, n. the race of elves.

álf-kona,f. femaleelf; álf-kunnigr, -kunnr, a. akin to the elves.

álfr (-s, -ar),m. elf,fairy (hóller skamt heðan er álfar búa í).

álf-rek,n., -reki,m. dirt,excrements (whichdriveawaytheelves);ganga-rek, -reka, at -reka = ganga ørna sinna.

álf-röðull, m. poet. the sun.

á-lit,n.(1) aspect,appearance,countenance (vænnatáliti,fagrálitum,døkkr álits);(2) view,consideration,reflection; meðskjótumálitum, withoutmatureconsideration;eigimeðnógumálitum, inconsiderately;gørae-tatálitum, totakeinto consideration;(3) opinion,judgement (at réttsýnna manna áliti).

álita-leysi,n. absenceofreflection; -lítill,a. inconsiderate; -mál,n.pl.in thephrase,gørae-tat-málum=gørae-t at álitum.

álit-liga,adv. becomingly,respectably, pretty well; -ligr, a. deliberate.

á-litning,f. consideration (á.himnaríkis fagnaðar).

á-líkr, a. like, resembling. á-ljótr (gen. -s or -ar),m.(1) serious bodilyinjurythatleavesamark,wilfully inflicted;(2) contumeliouslanguage (mæla áljót).

áljóts-eyrir, m. a fine for ‘áljótr’.

álka,f. auk; álku-ungi,m. youngauk (fugl þvílikastr sem álku-ungi).

áll (-s, -ar),m.(1) eel;(2) adeepnarrowchannelinseaorriver (erunúþeir einirálartillands,erekgetvaðit);(3) germ, sprout of a plant. álmr, m. (1) elm; (2) poet. man. álm-sveigr,m. elm-twig; -tré,n. elmtree = álmr (1).

álmviðar-skógr, m. elm-wood.

álnar-breiðr,a. anellbroad; -kefli, n. astaffanelllong; -langr,a. anell long; -tíund,f. titheofthevalueofanell; -virði, n. the value of an ell (alin, öln).

álpt (pl. álptir and elptr), f. swan.

álptar-hamr,m. theskinandplumage ofaswan; -hreiðr,n. swan’snest; -líki, n. swan’s shape or form.

álpt-veiðr, f. catching wild swans.

ál-reip, n. rope of leather.

á-lútr,a. bendingforwards,stooping (cf. lútr).

á-lygi, f. slander, calumny.

á-lykt, f. issue, decision.

ályktar-áminning,f. finaladmonition; -dómr,m. finaljudgement; -orð,n. thelastword,peroration; -vitni,n. conclusive testimony.

á-lyktan, f. conclusion, final decision.

á-lægja, a. indecl. in heat (of a mare).

ámátligr, ámáttigr,a. loathsome, unpleasant, piteous.

á-minna (-ta, -tr),v. toadmonish; áminning,f.(1) admonition,warning; the actofremindingone (ofsomething);(2) recollection (á. allra synda).

áminningar-maðr,m. admonisher,reminder; -orð,n.pl. admonition,exhortation; -vísur,f.pl. admonitoryorwarning verses.

á-mót,n. cofluenceof (twoormore) rivers (uppi hjá ámóti).

á-munr, a. like (á. e-m).

ámu-sótt, f. erysipelas.

á-mæla (-ta, -t),v. toblame (á.e-m fyrir e-t).

á-mælandi (pl. -endr), m. reprover. á-mæli,n. blame,reproof,reproach;leggjae-me-ttilámælis, toreproachonefor, or with, a thing.

ámælis-laust,adv. withoutreproach;

-orð,n. reproof; -samr,a. bringingreproach,shameful; -verðr,a. blameworthy.

án,prep. without;(1)withgen.;þess máttuGautarillaánvera, theycouldnot welldowithoutit;ánallrarvægðar, withoutanymercy;(2)withdat.;áne-sráði, without(against)hiswill;ánafláti, incessantly;(3)withacc.;ánallaflærð, without any deceit; án leyfi, without leave.

á-nafnaðr, a. renowned, famous. ánauð,f.(1) oppression,constraint;(2) bondage; (3) straits, hardship (also in pl.).

ánauðar-ok,n. yokeofbondage; -vist, f. life of oppression or bondage.

á-nauðga (að),v.(1) toreduceto bondage,toenslave (á.e-m);(2) tooppress; á-nauðigr,a. oppressed,enslaved; á-nauðr, m. = ánauð.

á-nefna (-da, -dr),v. toname,appoint (á. dag til orrustu).

á-netja (að),v. toentangleasinanet (á.e-ne-u);refl.,ánetjaste-u, tobeentangled in.

á-neyða (-dda, -ddr),v. toforce,subject by force.

áning, f. resting, baiting; cf. ‘æja’.

á-nyt, f. ewe’s milk, = ær-nyt.

á-nýja (að), v. to renew.

á-nœgja,v.=nœgja;látsére-tá., tobe content, rest satisfied, with. ár,n.(1) year;atári, nextyear;telja árum, tocounttimebyyears;(2)plenty, abundance,fruitfulnes(þávarárumöll lönd); (3) the name of the Rune A.

ár,f. oar;dragaskipáárum, topullthe boatwithoars;þungrundirárum, heavy topull;dragaárarume-t, tocontendfor; komaeigiársinnifyrlrborð, tobeunder restraint.

ár,n. firstbeginning;árvaralda, in

timesofyore;atmorginsári,um morguninníár=árlaummorguninn, early in the morning.

ár,adv.(1) anciently,ofyore;(2) early (ár um morguninn).

ára-burðr,m. themovementofthe oars;koma(ráðast)undir-burðe-s, tobecomedependentonone;veraundir-burði e-s, tobeunderone’sprotection; -gangr, m. splashingofoars; -glam,n.=-gangr; -lag,n. timeinrowing;kunnaáralag, to be able to handle an oar.

ár-áll, m. river-channel.

ár-angr (-rs),m.(1) season,=árferð; (2) produce of the earth.

árar-hlumr,m. oar-handle; -hlutr, m. pieceofanoar; -stubbi,m. stump of an oar; -tré, n. wood for making oars.

á-rás, f. assault, attack, -áhlaup.

ára-tal,n. numberofyears;fimtugrat -tali, fiftyyearsofage; -tala,f.(1)=-tal; (2) calculation, reckoning of years.

ár-bakki, m. bank of a river.

ár-bót,f. betteringoftheseasonofproduce.

ár-brot,n. inundationofariver; -brú, f. bridge over a river.

ár-búinn, a. early ready.

ár-býll, a. dwelling in abundance.

ár-dagar,m.pl.,í-daga, indaysof yore; -degis, adv. early in the day.

ár-djúp, n. pool in a river.

á-reið, chargeofcavalry,invasionof horsemen; á-reitingr, m. inducement.

á-rennilgr, a. easy to face.

á-reyðr, f., a kind of salmon.

ár-eyrr,f. bar,sandbankatthemouth of a river; -farvegr, m. course of a river.

ár-ferð,f.(1) season (góðárferð);(2) good luck.

ár-flótr,a. fast,swift (ofarowingvessel).

ár-gali,m. ‘theearlysinger’,thecock, chanticleer.

árgalla-lauss,a. freefromfailureof crop, fertile. ár-galli, m. failure of crop.

ár-gangr, m. a year ’ s course, year.

ár-gljúfr,n.pl. steepcliff’sover-hanging a river.

ár-guð,m. godofplenty (thegodFrey); -gœzka, f. good season.

ár-hlutr,m. one ’sportionofariver (as regards fishing rights).

á-riða,f. smearing,rubbing (cf.ríðaá’).

árla,adv.(1) early;withgen.,árla dags; (2) in times of yore.

ár-langt,adv., -lengis,adv. fora year,duringawholeyear; -liga,adv.(1)= árla;(2) yearly; -ligr,a.(1)annual,yearly; (2) early.

ár-maðr,m. steward,esp.ofaking’sor bishop’s estates.

ár-megn,n. mainstreamorcurrentofa river.

ár-menning, f. stewardship.

árna (að),v.(1) toearn,gain,get (á. e-t);(2)á.e-me-s, toprocureathingfor one;á.e-mgóðs, toprayforgoodtoone; á.e-mills, toimprecateevilupon,tocurse; á.e-mlífs, tointercedeforone’slife;á.e-s við guð, to pray to God for a thing.

árna (að),v. togoforward,towander (á. úrgar brautir).

árnaðar-maðr,m. intercessor (esp.of Christandthesaints); -orð,n. intercession (of the saints).

árnaðr, m. intercession.

árnan, f. = árnaðr.

árnandi (pl. -endr),m. intercessor,= árnaðarmaðr.

ár-oss, m. mouth of a river.

árr (pl. ærir and árar,acc. áru and

ára),m.(1) messenger,servant;(2)pl. angels (ærir ok höfuðærir).

árr, a. early (at árum degi).

ár-risull, a. given to rising early.

ár-sali, -salr,m. precioushangingsof a bed (kult ok blæjur ok ársali).

ár-samr, a. fertile (ársamr vetr).

ár-sáinn, pp. early sown.

ár-skyld, f. yearly rent.

ár-straumr,m. currentinariver; -strönd, f. bank of a river.

ár-sæli,f. thefactofhavingprosperous seasons (duringone’sreign); -sæll,a. happy in having good seasons.

ár-tal,n. reckoningbyyears; -tekja,f. yearlyrent; -tíð,f. anniversaryofaman’s death.

ártíðar-dagr,m.=ártíð; -skrá,f. obituary.

á-runi, m. attack, = árás.

ár-vað, n. ford of a river.

ár-vakr,a. earlyawake,earlyrising (árvakr ok ósvefnugr).

ár-vegr, m. = árfarvegr.

ár-vænligr, -vænn,a. promisinga good season.

ár-vöxtr,m. therisingorswellingofa river.

áræða-mikill,a. daring,enterprising (cf. áræðis-mikill).

á-ræði,n.(1) attack;veitae-má., to talk; (2) courage, daring, pluck.

á-ræðiligr,a.(1) likely,probable;(2) daring,dangerous;(3)ekkiáræðiligt, not easy to face.

á-ræðinn, a. daring, enterprising. áræðis-fullr,a.=áræðinn; -lítill, a. ofsmallcourage; -mikill,a. daring; -raun,f. testofcourage,daringdeed; -skortr,m. wantofcourage; -snarr,a. of great courage, plucky.

á-saka (að),v. toaccuse,reproach (opp. to ‘afsaka’); á-sakan, f. charge censure. ásakanar-efni,n. matterforcensure; -orð, n. pl. words of reproach.

á-sakari, m. accuser, adversary.

á-samt,adv.(1)veraá., tobetogether, esp.ofmarriedpeople;(2)komaá, to agree;þaukómuvelá., theylivedhappily together.

á-sauðr, m. ewe; coll. ewes.

á-sáld,a. sprinkling,fig., ofasnow storm.

á-sáttr,pp. agreed,havingcometo terms (á. um e-t).

ás-brú,f. bridgeoftheGods,therainbow.

ás-drengr,m. shortpillar; -endi,m. the end of a beam.

á-seta,f.(1) sittingupon;(2)tenure of a farm (áseta á jörd).

á-setning,f. layingon,puttingon (á. stólunnar).

ás-garðr,m. theresidenceoftheGods; -grindr, f. pl. the gate of ásgarðr.

á-sigling, f. sailing upon.

á-sjá (gen. ásjár),f.(1) help,aid,protection (biðjae-násjár);(2) superintendence, inspection; (3) appearance, shape.

ásjá, -ligr,a. handsome,pretty; -mál, n. amatterworthyof,orrequiring,consideration.

á-sjána, f. older form for ‘ásjóna’.

ásjón,f. superintendence,inspection = ásýn.

á-sjóna,f.(1) countenance,look;kvennavænstbæðiatásjónu(appearance)ok vitsmunum;greppligríásjónu, ugly-looking;(2) form,shape (andidrottinsídúfu ásjónu).

á-skelling,f. chiding,severereproof (cf. ‘skella á.’).

á-skeyti, n. attack.

á-skilnaðr,m.(1) disagreement,difference;(2) separation;ítvennumáskilnaði, in two different ways.

á-skoran,f. apressingrequest; achallenge.

á-skot,n. shootingat;svámikilá.,at, so hard shooting, that.

ás-kunnigr, -kunnr,a. akinorrelated to the gods.

á-skurðr,m. carving,inwoodorstone (áskurðr ok trésmíði).

á-skynja,a.indecl.,á.e-raríþróttar, experienced,expertinanart;alsowith dat.; á-skynjandi, pr. p. = áskynja.

á-slátta,f. injury infictedbysomeone (á. djöfuls).

ás-liðar,m.pl. championsoftheGods; -megin,n. thedivinestrengthofthe Gods,esp.usedofThor; -megir,m.pl. thesonsoftheGods; -móðr,m. divine wrath (sá hann þá Þór í ásmóði).

á-sókn,f.(1) attack,assault;(2) indictment,accusation; ásóknar-maðr,m. accuser.

áss (gen. áss and ásar;pl. æsir,acc. æsi and ásu),m. oneoftheoldheathen gods ingeneral,oresp.oneoftheolder branch,inopp.totheyoungerones(the Vanir).

áss (gen. áss,pl. ásar),m.(1) athick pole,mainbeam (inahouse);(2)ina ship, yardofasail (beitiáss);(3) rocky ridge.

ás-stubbi, m. stump of a beam. ást,f.(1) love,affection;hafaá.áe-m tofeelalovefor;fellaá.tile-s or viðe-n, totakeafancytoorforone;(2)pl.ástir, lovebetweenmanandwoman,esp. affectionbetweenmanandwife (velerumástir okkrar, sagði hón).

á-staða,f.(1) assertion,contention;(2) pl. disagreement, discord. ásta-lauss, a. loveless. ástar-andi,m. spiritoflove; -angr, n. grieffromlove; -auga,n. lovingeye, tenderlook (líta,renna-augumtile-s); -band,n. tieorbindoflove; -boðorð,n. commandmentoflove; -bragð,n. tokenof love; -brími, -bruni,m. fireoflove,ardentlove; -drykkr,m. love-potion; -eldr,m.=-brími: -fullr,a.(1) loving; (2) enamoured; -fundr,m. affectionate meeting; -gjöf,f. giftofgrace; -grein, f. kindofaffection; -gyðja,f. goddessof love; -gørningr,m. actofcharity; -harmr,m. grieffromlove; -hirting, f. chastisementoflove; -hiti,m. warmth oflove; ástar-hugi,m. love,affection; ástar-hugr,m. love,affection; -hygli, f. devotion; -ilmr,m. sweetnessoflove; -kveðja,f. heartygreeting; -kveikja,f. kindleroflove; -lauss,a. loveless; -leysi, n. absenceoflove; -logi,m. flameoflove; -mark,n. tokenoflove; -orð,n.pl. wordsoflove (mæla-orðumtile-s); -reiði,f. angerfromlove; -samband,n. bandoflove; -sigr,m. victoryoflove; -snæðingr,m. lovefeast; -sœtleikr, m. sweetnessoflove; -várkunn,f. compassion; -verk,n. actofcharity; -vél,f. artificeoflove (bók-véla, Arsamandi); -þjónusta,f. serviceoflove; -þokki,m. love, affection; -œði, n. fury of love. ást-blindr,a. blindfromlove; -bundinn,pp. inbondsoflove,deeplyenamoured.

á-stemma, f. damming up of a river. ást-fenginn,pp.(1) love-exciting (fenginndrykkr);(2) boundinlove (fenginnviðMaríu); -fólginn,pp. beloved,deartoone (e-m); -fóstr,n. lov-

á-stig Á á-tekning

ingfosterage (leggja-fóstrviðe-n;fœða e-nupp-fóstri); -gjöf,f. giftoflove, grace; -goði,or -góði,m. darling; -hollr,a. affectionate (e-m); -hugaðr, a. dearlyloving,affectionate; -hugi,m. affection.

á-stig,n. treading-upon (sléttstrætitil ástigs).

ást-igr,a. dear,lovely;pl.contr.ástgir,ástgar; -kynni,n. heartywelcome; álauss,a. voidoflove,loveless; -leysi,n. wantoflove,unkindness; -menn,m.pl. dearlybelovedfriends; -mær,f. darling maid, sweetheart; -ráð, n. kindly advice.

á-stríðari, m. adversary, tempter.

ást-ríki,f. affectionatetenderness hafa -ríkiafe-m, tobemuchlovedby; -ríkr, a. fulloflove (-ríkthugskot)-ríkre-m ortile-s, fullofloveto; -samliga,adv. affectionately; -samligr,a. affectionate; -samr,a. fulloflove,tenderlydisposedtowards (við e-n); -semd, f. love, affection. ástsemdar-frændsemi,f. affectionate relationship; -ráð,n. kindadvice; -verk, n. workoflove; -vinátta,f. lovingfriendship. ást-semi,f.=-semd; -sæld,f. popularity; -sæll,a. belovedbyall,popular (-sæll e-m or af e-m).

á-stunda (að),v. tostudy,takepains with,=stundaáe-t; á-stundan,f.(1) care,painstakingendeavour;(2) strongdesire (hafa á. til guðs); (3) intention. ást-úð,f. love,affection;leggjaástúðtil e-s, to become fond of one. ástúðar-frændsemi,f. affectionate kinship; -vinr, m. dear friend. ást-úðigr,a. beloved,dear (-úðigröllu fólki);-úðigtermeðþeim, theyareon friendlyorlovingterms; -úðligr,a. amiable, friendly (við e-n or e-m); loving.

ást-vina,f. dear(female)friend; -vinátta,f. intimatefriendship; -vinr, m. intimatefriend; -þokki,m.=ástarþokki.

ás-yrja,f. goddess,thefem.answering to ‘áss’.

á-sýn,f.(1) countenance,presence (kástae-mburtfrásinniá.);(2) appearance, shape (guðsholdokblóðíá.brauðsok víns);(3) view,opinion (meðrangriá.); (4)dat.pl.usedasadv.,hversuvarhann ásýnum, howdidhelook?;gen.asadv., minna ásýnar, apparently less.

á-sýna (-da, -dr),v. toshew; á-sýnd, f.=ásýn;ásýndum=ásýnum;ásýndar= ásýnar; á-sýniligr,a. conspicuous,stately; á-sýnis,adv. inappearance,tolookat (friðrá.); á-sýnt,a.n. tobeseen,visible; efeigiverðrá., ifnomark (oftheblow) can be seen; þat er á., it is evident.

á-sœkni, f. aggressiveness.

át,n.(1)theactof eating;eigaátok drykkjuviðe-n, toeatanddrinkwithone; kýrhafnaðiátinu, thecowwouldnoteat; (2) food (át ok drykkr).

áta,f.(1) eating;góðrátu, goodeating; (2) food,meat;sáhafihúðokátu,erátti, lettheowner (oftheox) havethehideand meat.

á-tak,n.(1) touch,touching;sváátaks (tothetouch) semskinn;(2) firmholdor grasp; átök ok sviptingar, in wrestling.

á-tala,f. rebuke,reprimand (veite-m átölur).

átan,n. eatablething,properfood (cf. ‘úátan’).

á-tekjur,f.pl. manneroftakingathing (Þorsteini óx móðr við átekjur hans).

á-tekning,f.(1) touching;(2) thesense offeeling; á-tekt,f.(1)=átekjur;(2)= átekning (1).

át-fátt, a. n. short of food.

át-frekr,a. greedy,voracious; -girni, f. greediness of food.

átján, card. numb. eighteen.

átjándi, ord. numb. eighteenth.

átján-sessa,f. ashiphavingeighteen rowing benches.

á-troð,n., átroði,m. treading,upon, trampling (verða fyrir átroða).

átrúnaðar-maðr,m. abeliever,aworshipper.

á-trúnaðr,m. beliefin (draumaá.); forn á., the old heathen faith.

átt,f.(1) family,race;(2) quarter,direction; see ‘ætt’.

átta,card.numb., eight; áttandi, ord. numb. eighth = átti, áttundi.

áttar-auki,m. increaseofthefamily; -mót,n. relationship; -œxling,f. propagation of kin.

átta-tigir,m.pl., -tíu,card.numb. eighty.

átt-bogi, m. lineage, = ættbogi.

átt-feðmingr,m. ameasureofeight fathoms (-feðmingr torfs).

átt-hagi,m. one’snativeplace,one’s home (í átthaga sínum).

átt-hyrndr,a. eight-cornered,octagonal.

átti,ord.numb. theeighth (áttidagr Jóla; við átta mann).

áttján,card.numb. eighteen,theolder form = átján.

átt-leggr,m.=ættleggr; -lera,a.indecl. degenerate.

átt-mælt,a.n.nameofametre,a versecontainingeightlines,eachbeinga separate sentence.

átt-niðjungr, -niðr, -runnr,m. kinsman, descendant.

átt-rœðr,a.(1) eightyyearsofage;(2)

measuringeightyfathoms,inheight, breadth, or depth.

átt-stafr, m. kinsman, = ættingi.

átt-strendr, a. octagonal. áttugandi, ord. numb. eightieth. áttungr,m.(1) theeighthpart (á. manna);(2) divisionofthecountry (in some parts of Norway).

áttungr, m. kinsman, = ættingi.

áttungs-kirkja,f. achurch belonging to an ‘áttungr’ (in Norway).

átt-vísi,f. genealogicalknowledge,= ættvísi.

átt-seringr,m. eight-oaredboat; -ærr, a. of eight oars (skip áttært).

átu-þýfi, n. stolen eatables.

átölu-lauss, a. undisputed. ávalt (= of allt), adv. always. á-vant,a.n.inthephrase,e-será., iswanted,needed (einnarmérFreyjuá. þykkir).

á-varðr,a. dear,acceptable,onlyof maninrelationtothegods(avarðir goðunum; ávarðr Guði).

á-varp,n. calculation (inroundnumbers), opinion,estimate (atávarpiflestra manna).

á-vaxta (að),v. tomakefertileorproductive;á.fé, toputouttointerest;refl., ávaxtast, toincrease;ávaxtastmeðþorn ok klungr, to become overgrown with. ávaxta-lauss,a.(1) unproductive;(2) fruitless,resultless; -ligr,a. profitable, useful (e-m). á-vaxtan, f. increase, augmentation. ávaxtar-samligr,a. profitable; -samr,a.=ávaxt-samr; -tími,m. the time of harvest. ávaxta-samr, a. = ávaxtsamr.

ávaxt-lauss,a. unfruitful; -samligr, a.=ávaxtar-samligr; -samr,a. profitable,

fruitful.

á-ván,f. faintexpectationorhint segja e-máváne-s, togiveonesomehintofa thing.

á-veiðr, f. river fishery.

á-verk,n.(1) bodilyinjuryorlesion, wound (veita,bjóða,e-má.);(2) unlawful useofanotherman’sland (ascuttingtrees in his forest).

áverka-bót,f. compensationforan áverki; -drep,n. astrokeproducing áverki; -maðr, perpetratorofan áverki; -mál, n. an action concerning áverki.

á-verki, m. = áverk.

á-viðris,adv. ontheweathersideof (áviðris e-u = á veðr e-u).

á-viljaðr, a. inclined to, with inf. á-vinna (see vinna),v. togain,make profit.

á-vinningr,m.(1) attainment;íávinning,at, inordertoattain,that;(2) profit, gain.

á-vinnt,a.n. dificult,toilsome;þamun

á.umsöxin, thenthoseinthebowwillbe hard put to it.

á-vist,f. abode,residence;Snorraþótti betraávistaríHlíð, Snorrapreferedliving at Hillside.

á-vita,a.indecl.,verðae-sá., tobecome aware of a thing.

á-vitall or á-vitull,m. hint,intimation, indication. á-viti, a. = ávita.

á-víga,a.indeclinphr.verðaá., tolose most people in a combat.

á-vísa (að), v. to point at, indicate.

á-vísan, f. indication intimation.

á-vít,n.pl. reprimand,rebuke;berjaen ávitum, to upbraid one.

á-víta (að),v. tochide,rebuke (á.e-n um e-t).

ávíta-laust, a. n. blameless.

ávítan, f. rebuke, reprimand.

ávítanar-orð, n. word of blame.

ávíta-orð,n.=ávítanarorð; -samligr, a. blameable.

ávít-samligr,a.=ávítsamligr; -samr, a. apt to blame, censorious. á-væni, n. = áván.

á-vöxtr,m.(1) produce,growth,ruit; (2) interest, rent; (3) gain. á-þekkr, a. similar (á. e-m).

áþéttar-orð, áþéttis-órð,n. defamatory language, invective.

á-þjá (see þjá), v. to oppress.

á-þján,f. oppression,harshoroppressive rule.

áþjánar-ok, n. yoke of tyranny. á-þrætni, f. mutual strife. á-þyngd, f. exaction, oppression.

Bbað,n. bath,esp. steam- or vapour-bath (fara or gangatilbaðs,komaórbaði,ganga frá baði; taka bað).

baðast (að),v.refl. totakeabath,to bathe. bað-ferð,f. goingtothebath (veraí -ferð);um-ferðir, aboutthetimefor bathing; -kápa,f. bathing-cloak; -kona, f. female bathing attendant. baðmr, m. (1) tree; (2) bosom. bað-stofa,f. bath-room,bathingroom, in later times, sitting room. baðstofu-gluggr,m. opening(window) in the roof of a baðstofa.

bagall, m. a bishop’s staff or crozier. bagal-stafir, m. = bagall. baggi, m. pack, bundle. baglaðr, a. crooked, deformed. bak,n.(1) back (bindabaggaáb.sér); fig.berasökábaki, tobeguilty;leggja bleyðiorðáb.e-m, tochargeonewithbeingacoward;hafamargavetrábaki, tobe advancedinyears;snúabakivið, toturn theback,flee;gangaáb.heitum,orðum, togobackonone’sword;(2)=hestbak; faraáb., tomount;fara,stíga,spretta afbaki, todismount;(3) thebacksideof athing (cf.handarbak,hurðarbak,húsbak);ábakihúsunum, atthebackofthe houses;gørae-tábakie-m, inone’sabsence,behindone’sback;ríðaatbakiem, behindhimonthesamehorse;berrer hverratbakinemasérbróðureigi, bare

isone’sbackwithoutabrotherbehindit; ábak,(a) behind;komaáb.e-m, toattackintherear;(b) after;áb.jólum, after Christmas;hvatsemáb.kemr, whatever maycomeafterorfollow;(c)absol.,fallaá b.aptr, tofallbackwards;brjótaáb.orð e-s, torefute,makethemnullandvoid;brjóta á b. Rómverja, to defeat them. baka (að),v.(1) tobake (b.brauð);(2) towarmandrubthebody,andlimbs,ata largefire (see‘bakeldr’)esp.refl.bakast (viðeld);(3) torub =strjúka;bakaðiHelgi fótinn, he rubbed the (broken) leg. bakan, n. bacon (rare).

bakara-meistari,m. master-baker; -ofn, m. baker’s oven. bakari, m. baker.

bak-bit,n. back-bitingslander; -bítari,m. backbiter,slanderer; -borði,m. thelarboardsideofaship,port,opp.to ‘stjórnborði’; -brjóta (see brjóta),v. to violate,=brjótaábak; -byrðingar,m. pl. thecrewonthelarboardside opp.to ‘stjórnbyrðingar’; -byrðr,f. aburdento carry on the back. bakelda-gørð,f. theactionofmaking a bakeldr,or therubbingofthebackata bakeldr.

bak-eldr,m. afireatwhichtobake (warmandrub)thebodyandlimbs (sitja við -elda).

bak-fall,n.(1) fallingbackwards,esp. inpl.,róa-föllum,knýjaárarmeð stórum-föllum, totakelongpullswiththe oars;(2) attackintherear,=-slag;veita e-m-fall, toattackintherear; -ferð,f. mounting,onhorseback; -ferla (að),v. to driveback,annul,makevoid; -hlutr,m. thehindpart,backside; -hold,n.pl. the fleshonthebtickofcattle; -hverfast (ð), v.refl., toturnone’sbackupon (viðe-ð);

-jarl, m. a foe attacking in the rear. bakka-kólfr,m. akindofbluntheaded arrow; -stokkar,m.pl. stocksonwhich ashipisbuilt;setjaframaf-stokkum, to launch.

bakki,m.(1) bank (ofariver,lake, chasm,&c.);(2) ridge,bank (hannsettist undirbakkaíhrísrunni);(3) amoundon whichthetargetissetup;setjaspáníbakka, tosetupatarget;(4) bankofclouds abovethehorizon;(5) backofaknife or other cutting instrument, opp. to ‘egg’.

bak-klæði,n. tapestry; -lengja,f. the back-stripofahide; -máll, -málugr,a. backbiting,slanderous; -mæla (-ta, -t), v. tobackbite (-mælae-m); -mælgi,f.,

-mæli, n. backbiting, slander.

bakmælis-maðr, m. calumniator. bak-rauf,f. anus,anickname; -sárr, a. havingasoreback (ofahorse); -setja (see setja),v. toneglect,omit (-setjaat gerae-t); -skyrta,f. thehindpartofa shirt; -slag,n., -sletta,f. attackinthe rear,=bakfall(2); -slettr,m.=baksletta; -stakkr,m. thehindpartofacloak; -stokkar, m. pl. bakkastokkar.

bakstr (-rs),m.(1) baking;(2) baked bread esp. communionbread;(3) poultice, fomentation;(4) warming,rubbing (ofthe body).

bakstr-brauð,n. bakedbread; -buðkr,m. aboxinwhichthecommunion breadwaskept; -eldr,m.(1)=bakeldr; (2) fireformakingbread (geraþeir-elda stóratilbrauðs); -hús,n. bakehouse; -járn,n. anironplateforbakingcommunionbread; -kona,f. femalebaker; -ofn, m. baking-oven; -sveinn, m. baker-boy. bak-vana,a.indecl. havingasoreback (ofhorses); -verkr,m. painintheback; -verpast (t),v.(1) toturnawayfrom,

disregard (viðe-t or viðe-m);(2) toflee before one (-verpast við sínum úvinum).

baldikin, n. baldaquin, rich brocade. baldinn, a. untractable, unruly. baldrast (að),v.refl. tocrowdtotogether in a confused throng. baldriði, m. = ballriði. bali, m. grassy bank. ballr,a. dangerous,dire;böllráð, fatal schemes;ballirdraumar, bad,ill-boding dreams; böll þrá, heavy grief. ballrast (að), v. refl. = baldrast. ball-riði,m.poet., ‘boldrider’,hero (Freyr er beztr allra ballriða).

balsamr, m. balsam. bana (að), v. to kill, with dat. bana-bloð,n. bloodshedinslaying; -dagr,m. dayofdeath; -drykkr,m. banefuldrought,poison; -dœgr,n.=-dagr; -högg,n. death-blow (fá-högg;varð þathans-högg); -lag,n. stabbingto death; bana-maðr,m. killer,slayer; -orð,n.(1) tidingsofone’sdeath (segja -orðe-s);bera-orðafe-m, toslayone infight;(2) death;þiggja-orðafe-m, tobekilledbyone;kennae-m-orð, to chargewithslayingone; -ráð,n. planning aperson’sdeath;ráða or veitae-m-ráð, tobringaboutone’sdeath; -sár,n. deathwound,amortalwound; -skot,n. mortal shot; -sótt,f. deathsickness,mortalillness; -spjót,n.,inthephrase,berast -spjóteptir, tobedeadlyenemies; -tilræði,n. mortalattack (veitae-m -tilræði); -þúfa,f. aknollthatcauses one’sdeath;hnígavið-þúfu, todie;drepa fótumvið-þúfu, tostumbleagainstorover a fatal knoll. band,n.(1) theactofbindingorsettling, opp.to‘lausn’;fig.,lausnokb.allravandamála, thedecisioninalldifficultcases;

(2) band,cord (mjóttb.);(3)inpl.,(a) bonds,fetters (hafae-níböndum);(b) bond,confederacy (gangaíböndokeið); (c)poet., thegods,cf.‘höpt’;blótabönd, toworshipthegods;atmunbanda, atthe will of the gods. banda (að),v. tomakeasignbywaving thehand;b.ámótifénu, todriveawaythe sheep;withdat.,b.höndum; towavethe hands. banda-maðr,m. confederate,onewho is in league with others. bandingi (-ja), m. prisoner. band-vetlingr, m. a kind of glove. bang,n. hammering; banga (að),v. to hammer,knock;b.dyrr or ádyrr, toknock at the door. bang-hagr,a. knowinghowtousethe hammer. bani,m.(1) death;fá(bíða,hafa,taka) bana, todie;ráðasérbana, tocommitsuicide;leiðae-ntilbana, tocauseone’s death (ofanillness);kominnatbana, sinkingfast;(2) thatwhichcausesdeath, bane; slayer (fjögurra manna b.). bann,n.(1) excommunication,anathema,interdict;hitmeirab, thegreaterexc.; hitminnab. (thelesserexc.) þatsemforboðerkallatánorrœnu;(2) prohibition, opp.to‘lof’(hlýðaboðiokbannie-s); leggja b. fyrir e-t, to prohibit. banna (að),v.(1) toforbid,prohibit (b. e-me-t or withinfin.);(2) tocurse (b.em);refl.bannastum, toswear (todoa thing).

bannaðar-orð, n. = bannanarorð. bannan, f. curse, imprecation. bannanar-orð, n. pl. = bannan.

bann-fœra (-ða, -ðr),v. toplaceunder the ban.

banns-atkvæði,n. sentenceofexcom-

munication; -áfelli,n., -dómr,m.= -atkvæði.

bann-setja (see setja),v.(1) toplace undertheban;(2) tocurse; -setning,f. excomunication; -settliga,adv. wickedly; -settligr,a. execrable,detestable; -settr,pp.(1) placedundertheban;(2) accursed.

banns-mál,n. acaseliabletoexcommunication; -pina,f. punishinentofexcommunication; -spjót,n. spearofexcommunication; -verk,n. anactliabletoexcommunication.

bann-syngja (see syngja),v. topronounce an anathema against. banns-sök,f. anoffenseliabletoexcommunication.

ban-orð,f.=banaorð; -vænligr,a. mortal,deadly; -vænn,a.(1)=-vænligr(væntsár);(2) deadlysick;okerdróatþví athannvar-vænn, whenallhopeoflife was gone. barar,f.pl.(1) hand-barrow,stretcher (Þ.varborinníbörumumfjallit);(2) funeralbier carriedbyhorses(mœddust hestarnir undir börunum).

barátta,f.(1) contest,fighting;(2) fight, battle. baráttu-fullr,a. combative,fondof fighting; -maðr,m. warrior; -samr,a. given to fighting. barð,n.(1) beard (rare);(2) brim,ofa hatorhelmet;(3) thebeakorarmedprow ofships (ofwar), stem;róafyrirb.e-m(= róa fyrir stafn e-m), to thwart one. barða, f. a kind of axe. bardaga-búinn,pp. readyforbattle; -frest,n. delayofbattle; -fullr,a.= -gjarn; -fýst,f. loveofcombat; -gjarn, a. eagerforcombat; -guð,m. godofbattle; -gyðja,f. goddessofbattle; -laust,

adv.without battle; -list,f. artofwar; -lykt,f. thecloseofabattle; -maðr,m. warrior; -stef,n., -stefna,f. atime fixedfor a battle. bardagi,m.(1) beating,thrashing;(2) fight,battle (heyja,eigabardagaviðe-n); (3) calamity, scourge.

barð-hvalr, m. a sort of whale. barði, m. a sort of ship, ‘ram’. barð-mikill, a. with a great ‘barð’ (3). barir, f. pl. = barar (rare).

barka-kýli, n. Adam’s apple. barki, m. windpipe, weazand.

barki, m. a sort of small boat, launch. bark-lauss, a. without bark (börkr).

barlak, n. barley, = bygg. barmi, m. poet., brother. barmr,m. brim,rim (ofavesselora steel cap).

barm-tog,n. arope forhaulingthe nets ashore.

barn,n.(1) bairn,child;verameð barni, tobewithchild;gangameðbarni, togowithchild;barnshafandi or hafandi atbarni, withchild,pregnant;fráblautu barni, fromone’stenderyears;(2)= mannsbarn;hvertb., everyman,every living soul. barna (að), v. to get with child. barna-börn,n.pl. grandchildren; -eldi,n. procreationofchildren; -fœri,n. inthephrase,ekki-fœri, notaskforchildren; -gaman,n. child’splay; -karl,m. children’s friend. barn-aldr, m. = barnsaldr. barna-leikr, m. child’s play. barn-alinn,pp. native;-alinnáÍslandi, a native of Iceland. barna-mál,n. childishaffair;gerae-t at-málum, totreatasatrifle,triflewith; -mesba,f. HolyInnocents’Day; -skap,n.

childishtemper;hafaekki-skap, tobeno baby; -vipr,n. childishtrifles,gewgaws; -þáttr,m. thesectionoflawconcerning infants.

barn-beri,a. withchild,pregnant; -burðr,m. childbirth; -bærr,a. capable ofbearingchildren,opp.to‘úbyrja’; -dómr,m. childhood; -eign,f.(1) getting orhavingchildren;(2) children,family (furðuilla-eigngatLoki); -eskja,f. childhood,=barnœska; -faðir,m. a childsallegedfather; -fóstr,n. fostering ofachild (akindofadoptioninolden times);bjóðae-m-fóstr, tooffertodothis foranotherman; -fóstra,f. foster-mother; -fóstri,m. foster-father; -fúlga,f. payforthemaintenanceofachild; -fœddr,pp.=-alinn;borinnok-fœddr, born andbred; -fœði,n. nativeplace,birthplace (eiga-fœðie-sstaðar); -getnaðr, m.(1) procreationofchildren;(2) pregnancy (hónhafðifengit-getnaðafþeirra samvistu); -gœlur,f.pl. nurserysongs, lullabies. barningr,m. thrashing,see‘lamabarningr’.

barn-lauss,a. childless; -leikr,m.= barnaleikr; -leysi,n. childlessness; -ligr, a. childish, childlike. barns-aldr,m.(timeof) childhood (nýkominnaf-aldri); -bein,n.,inthe phrase,frá(or af)blautu-beini, from childhood; -full,a.f. pregnant; -fylgja, f. theafter-birth,=eptirburðr; -grátr, m. thecryingofababy; -húfa,f. child’s cap.

barn-skikkja,f. childscloak; -skírn, f. christeningofaninfant; -skirnar-orð, n.pl. wordsusedinchristening,baptismal formula.

barn-sótt,f. pains,throesofchildbirth

(taka-sótt); -sæll,a. fortunateinone’s children; -sæng,f. childbed; -teitr,a. gladasachild; -ungr,a. veryyoung, youthful; -úmagi,m., -úmegð,f.(see thesewords); -œska,f. childhood (bráð er barnœska).

barr,n.(1) acicularleaves,needles of thefirorpine(wronglyappliedbySnorri,whospeaksofthe‘barr’oftheash); (2) barley.

barr-axlaðr,a. high-shouldered,with sharp,prominentshoulderbones; -haddaðr,a.poet., barley-haired (ofthe earth).

barreyskr,a. fromBarra (intheHebrides).

barr-skeptr,a. high-shafted,ofanaxe (breiðöx barrskept).

barr-viðr,m. pine-forest; thewoodof the fir.

bar-smíð,m.(1) thrashing,flogging;(2) in pl., fight, row. barún (pl. barúnar), m. baron.

bar-viðri,n. beatingstorm,violent blasts (b. ok regn mikit).

bassi, m. bear, = bersi. bast,n.(1) bast,theinnerbarkofthe lime-tree (bleikrsemb.);(2) cordorstring of bast (sá, þeir á b. bauga dregna).

basta (að),v. tobindwitharopeofbast (úbastaðr ok úbundinn).

bastarðr, m. bastard. bastari, m. bastrope-maker. bast-bleikr,a. paleasbast (=bleikr semb.); -lina,f. cordofbast; -taug, f.ropeorcordofbast; -vesall,a.= -bleikr; -øx, f. a kind of axe. bati, m. improvement, advantage. batna (að),v.(1) toimprove,getbetter; (2)impers.,e-mbatnar,one recovers (aftersickness);thediseaseisaddedingen.

(e-m batnar síns meins, sjúkleika).

batnaðr (gen. -ar),m. improvement (berja e-n til batnaðar).

bauga-brot,n. fragments of rings (giveninpayment); -tal,n. enumerationof ‘rings’ (baugar), thesectionoflawdealing with weregilds. baug-bót,f. supplementalpaymentto the ‘baugr’(baugþak,þveiti); -broti,m. ‘ring-breaker’,free-handedman; -bœtandi (pl. -endr),m. onewhohastopaythe weregild (baugr); -eiðr,m. theoathupon thesacredtemplering; -gildi,n.(1) the ‘weregild’tobepaidtothe‘agnates’ofthe slain,opp.to‘nefgildi’, thesameamount tobepaidtothe‘cognates’;(2) agnaticrelationship.

baug-gildingr, m. see next entry. bauggildis-maðr,m.,usuallypl. -menn, agnates whoareboundtopayor receive the ‘bauggildi’.

baug-gildr,a. payable,fittopayas ‘bauggildi’ (-gildr eyrir, -gilt fé).

baugr (-s, -ar),m.(1) ring,armlet (of goldorsilver)wornonthewrist,esp. thesacredring (stallahringr)onthealtar inheathentemples,cf.‘baugeiðr’;(2)in oldentimes,beforemintedgoldorsilver cameintouse,suchringswerecommonlyusedasamediumofpayment;hence ‘baugr’simplymeans money;(3) fineof varyingamountformanslaughter, weregild;(4) gaff-hook? (5)inthephrase, eiga(kost)ábaugi, tohavea(single) chanceleft;efsáværiá.baugi, ifthere werenootherchance;þúmunteigaslíkan ábaugibrátt, thouwiltsoonhavethevery samechanceorlot (viz.death);(6) the painted circle on a round shield.

baug-rýgr (-rýgjar, -rýgir),f. anonlydaughterentitledtoreceiveandpay

weregild.

baugs-helgr,f. personalsacredness (so thatone’sdeathmustbeatonedforbya weregild).

baug-variðr,pp. adornedwithrings; -þak,n. ‘ring-covering’,supplemtalpayment tobeaddedtothe‘baugr’(3);at -þaki,fig., inaddition,toboot; -þiggjandi (-endr), m. receiver of weregild.

bauka (að), v. to dig, to rummage. baula,f. cow; baulu-fall,n. thecarcassofaslaughteredcow; -fótr,m. cow ’ s foot, a nickname.

baun (pl. -ir),f. bean; bauna-lögr, m. bean-broth.

bauta,v. beat,chase? (svábautuvér björnuna).

bautaðar-, bautar- or bautasteinn,m. stonemonunent,memorial stone (reisa, setja bautastein).

baztr, a. superl. = beztr. báðir (báðar, bæði,gen. beggja),a. both (báðir tveir).

bági, m. poet., adversary.

bágr,a. uneasy,awkward (verðrhonum núbághöndin);bágtvarmjökummatbjargir, provisions were very scarce. bágr,m. contest,resistance,insuch phrasesas,brjótabágviðe-n, tocontend against,offerresistanceto;fóríbágmeð þeim, aconflictarosebetweenthem; they quarrelled.

bág-ráðr,a. difficulttodealwith,opp. to‘auð-ráðr’; -rækr,a. difficulttodrive (of geese).

bákn, n. beacon, signal. bákna (að),v. tobeckon,makesignals (þeirbáknuðuvápnunumtilþeirra Hákonar).

bál,n.(1) fire;sláb.=drepaeld;(2) flame,blaze;gerab., tomakeablaze;(3)

pyre,funeralpile;berae-náb., tocarryto the pyre; stíga á b., to mount the pyre.

bál-för, f. funeral.

bálkr,m.(1) partition,balk (b.um þveranhellinn);(2)sectioninacode of laws; (3) body, group, host. bára,f. wave,billow;vanteratsigla milliskersokbáru, betweenScyllaand Charybdis.

bára (að),v. tofallandriseinwaves (vatnit hrœrðist mjök ok báraði).

báróttr,a. undulated,wavy (haussinn var allr b. útan sem hörpuskel).

bár-stórt,a.n.,var-stórt, thewaves ran high.

báru-fall,n. heavysea; -skot,n. swell; -stormr m. stormwithheavysea; -stórt = bár-stórt.

bása (að),v. todriveintoastall,with dat. = bæsa.

bás-hella,f. aflagstoneseparatingtwo stalls in a cowhouse. báss,m. boose or stallinacowhouse (binda kú í bás).

básún, m. bassoon (for. word).

bát-festr,f. aropebywhichaboat ismadefast; -lauss,a. havingnoboat; -leysi,n. wantofaboat; -maðr,m. boatman.

bátr (-s, -ar),m. boat;sjáfyrirbáti sínum, togoone’sowncourse,tomind one’s own business. báts-borð,n. thesideofaboat; -farmr,m. boat’sfreight; -haki,m. boat-hook.

bát-stafn, m. boat’s prow. beðja, f. poet., bed-fellow, wife. beð-mál, n. pl. bed-talk. beðr (-jar, -ir),m. bolster,bedding; gangaábeðe-m, togotobedwithone,to marry.

beiða (-dda, -ddr),v. toask,beg,request;b.e-ne-s, or b.e-m (forone) e-s; b.e-safe-m, toaskathingoforfroma person;b.e-nmáls,orða, toaddressone; withacc.,b.lögbeiðing, tomakealawful request;refl.,beiðast, torequestonone’s ownbehalf (b.laga,griða); beiddr,pp. unwillingreluctant (b.fórekheimanat biðja þín, Guðrún).

beiðing,f., beiðni,f., beiðsla,f. request, demand.

beiðslu-maðr, m. a person asking. beimar, m. pl. poet., men, heroes. bein,n.(1) bone;látameðbeiniganga, todealblowstotheverybone,givenoquarter;hafab.íhendi, tobewelloff;(2) leg,= fótleggr;(3)pl. mortalremains;berabein or beinin, tobeburied (hérmunekb.bera á Íslandi).

beina (-da, -dr),v.(1) tostretchout,put intomotion;b.flug, tostretchthewingsfor flight;b.skriðsinn, tocreep,ofaserpent; b.raustina, toraisethevoice,speakaloud; (2) tofurther,promote;b.för(ferð)e-s, to helponeforwards;b.at or tilmeðe-m, to lendonehelp,toassistone;b.e-utile-s, tocontributetoathing;b.ate-u, tolenda handto;b.fyrire-m, tosupport,entertain. beina-,gen.pl.from‘bein’andgen. sing. from ‘beini’.

beini,m.(1) help,benifit;(2)esp. hospitableentertainment,hospitality (vinna, veitae-mbeina);gangaumbeina, towait upon the guests. beinir, m. = beini (1).

beini-samr,a. ready(willing)tohelp; -semi, f. readiness to help. bein-knúta,f. joint-bone; -kross,m. crossofbone; -lauss,a. boneless,without bones. bein-leiðis, adv. straight, directly. bein-leiki,m. hospitabletreatment, hospitality, = beini (2).

beinn,a.(1) straight;beinrás, straight course;beinstrvegr, thestraightest(shortest)way;(2) hospitable (bóndivarbeinn viðþá);gerabeintviðe-n, totreatone kindly.

-beinn,a. -legged (berbeinn, barelegged; digrbeinn, thick-legged).

beinn, m. a kind of tree, ebony? bein-skeyti,f. straightshooting, marksmanship; -skeytr,a. straightshooting, a good shot. beins-litr, m. colour of a bone. bein-stórr,a. big-boned (maðrmikill ok beinstórr).

beint,adv.(1) straight,inastraight line,straighton;(2) just (þatkommérb. íhug);b.sextigirskipa, preciselysixty ships;núb., justnow;þáb.,b.íþessu, just then. bein-verkir, m. pl. pain in the legs. bein-vitr, m. holly. bein-vöxtr,m. bone-growth,sizeof bones (lítill beinvöxtum).

beina-bót,f. accommodation,comfort for guests. beina-fœrsla,f. removalofbones (fromonechurchyardtoanother); -hrúga,f. heapofbones; -lag,n. buryingof one’s bones, death. beina-spell,n. spoilingthecomfortof guests; -þurfi,a. inneedofhospitable treatment. bein-brjóta (see brjóta),v. tobreak one’sbones; -brot,n. fractureofabone; -fastr,a.,-fastsár, awoundtothebone; -fiskr,m. akindoffish; -gróinn,pp. grownfasttothebone; -högg,n. ablow injuringthebone (svöðusárokeigibeinhögg).

beiska B belg-fláttr

beiska, f. bitterness, sourness.

beiska (að), v. to embitter.

beisk-leikr,m. bitterness,harshness; -liga,adv. bitterly (gráta-liga); -ligr, a. bitterish; -lundaðr,a. bitterhearted, malevolent.

beiskr,a.(1) bitter,acrid (b.drykkr); (2) exasperated,angry (hónvarðbeisk við); (3) painful, sore (beiskr bruni).

beit, f. pasturage, pasture. beit,f. aplateofmetalmountedonthe brim (of a thing).

beit, n. poet., ship.

beita, f. bait, esp. for fish.

beita (-tta, -ttr),v.(1)to‘causeto bite’, graze,withtheanimalsindat.(b. nautum),thepastureinacc.(b.haga, land,engi);absol. topasturecattle (b.í skógi);b.uppland, toexhaustbygrazing; b.upp(toconsume)engjumokheyjum; (2) tohandle,useaweapon (b.sverði);(3) tohunt or chase (withdogsorhawks);b. e-nhundum, tosetdogsonone;(4)fig., b.e-nbrögðum,úlögum,illu, todealcunningly,unlawfully,badlywithone;recipr., viðhöfumoptbrögðumbeizt, schemed againsteachother;(5) toharness (ahorse, &c.) toavehicle (b.hestfyrirvagn);beittuennblakkamar, saddlethyblacksteed; fig.,b.e-nfyrire-t, toputoneatthehead of;refl.,beitastfyrire-t or e-u,tolead thecause;(6) tofurnish(avehicle)with horses (vagnatb.);(7) tosteer or sailnear thewind,tocruise (beitaþeiríbrot,frá landinu);fenguþeirbeittfyrirSkotland, they weathered S. beit-fiskr,m. fishtobecaughtwith bait? (al. ‘beinfiskr’).

beiti, n. pasturage. beiti,n. heather (beititekrviðbitsóttum).

beiti-áss, m. sail-yard. beiting,f.(1) grazing;(2) sailingbythe wind (cf. þrá-beiting). beitinga-mál,n. alawsuitaboutright of grazing or pasturage. beittr,a. sharp,keen (ofcuttinginstruments).

beizl,n. bridle;leggjab.viðhest, to bridle a horse. beizla (að), v. to bridle. beizla, f. = beiðsla. beizl-ál,f. bridle-rein; -hringr,m. bridle-ring; -tamr,a. usedtothebridle; -taumr, m. bridle-rein. beizlu-maðr, m. = beiðslumaðr. bejur, bæjur,f.pl. fetters,irons (foreign word).

bekkjar-gjöf,f. ‘bench-gift’ (agift whichthebridegroomofferedtothe bride at the wedding festival).

bekkjar-kvern, f. water-mill. bekkjast (t),v.refl. tostrivetogeta thing (b.tile-s);b.tilviðe-n, topicka quarrel with one. bekkju-nautr, m. bench-fellow. bekk-klæði, n. covering of a bench. bekkr (gen. -s or -jar,pl. -ir),m. bench;œðrib., theupperbench (alongthe northsideofthehall,lookingtowards thesun);úœðrib., thelower(inferior) bench (alongthesouthernside);breiða, strábekki, tocover,strewthebenches (in preparation for a feast or wedding).

bekkr (gen. -s or -jar,pl. -ir),m. beck, brook (poet.).

bekk-skrautuðr,m. adorner(ornament) of the bench (poet.).

bekk-sœmr, a. adorning the bench. bekri,m. ram;brjótabekrann, tobreak one ’ s neck (rare).

belg-fláttr,m. flayingortakingoff

theskinofananimalentire (fláhafrana -flætti).

belgja (-ða, -ðr),v. toinflate,puffout (b. hvápta, augun).

belgr (gen. -s or -jar,pl. -ir),m.(1) theskin (ofaquadruped)takenoffwhole (cf.kálfsbelgr,kattbelgr,hafrbelgr,otrbelgr);(2) skin-bag,skin-case (dragabelg á or yfirhofuðe-m);(3) bellows (smiðjubelgr).

belja (að), v. to bellow (b. sem naut).

beljan, f. bellowing, lowing.

bella (bell, ball,—),v. tohit,hurt, withdat.(ballþérnú?);ekkimáófeigum b., onenotfatedtodieisproofagainstall shots.

bella (-da, -t),v. todare,venture,with dat.;(hverrmunhafaþessubellt?); to dealin,display (bellasvikum,lygi,gleði).

belli-bragð, n. knavish trick. bellinn, a. tricky, trickish. bell-visi, f. trickishness. belta-dráttr, m. a close struggle. belti, n. belt (cf. gjörð, lindi).

beltis-púss,m. apouchattachedtothe belt; -staðr, m. waist. ben (-jar, -jar),f.(1) mortalwound (ben,efatbanaverðr);(2) smallbleeding wound;alsoof thewoundproducedbyletting blood.

ben, n. wound = ben, f. benda (-nda, -ndr),v. tobeckon,make asizewiththeheadorhand (b.e-mtil sín,atfylgjasér);withacc.,b.e-tfyrir, to forebode, betoken. benda (-nda, -ndr),v. tobend (b. sverðumknésér);b.boga, tobendabow; b.höfuðit, tobowthehead;refl.,bendast á um e-t, to dispute, contest about. benda, f. band, tie (cf. höfuðbenda).

bendi, n. cord.

bendill, m. small cord, string. bending,f.(1) sign,token;gerae-m bending, tomakeasigntoone;(2) foreboding,betokenig (vísteruþettabendingar stórra bardaga).

bendr,pp. bended,bent (skjótaafbendum boga).

benja (að),v. towoundmortally (bróður minn hefr þú benjaðan).

benja-lýsing,f.asortof coroner’sinquestuponaslainman; -váttr,m.asort of coroner’sjuryman; -vætti,n. theverdict of a benjaváttr.

ben-lauss,a. freefromwounds; -logi, m.poet. ‘wound-flame’,sword; -rögn,n. ‘wound-drops’; -vöndr,m.poet. ‘woundwand’, sword.

benzl,n.pl. bentstateofabow;taka boga af benzlum, to unbend it. ber (gen. pl. berja), n. berry.

bera (ber; bar, bárum; borinn),v.I. (1) tobear,carry,convey (barB.biskupí börumsuðríHvamm);b.(farm)afskipi, tounloadaship;b.(mat)afborði, totake (themeat)offthetable;b.e-táhesti, to carryonhorseback;(2) towear (b.klæði, vápn,kórónu);b.œgishjálm, toinspire fearandawe;(3) tobear,produce,yield (jörðinberrgras;tréberaaldin,epli);(4) tobear,givebirthto,esp.ofsheepand cows;kýrhafðiboritkálf, hadcalved;absol.,vánathónmundibera, thatthecow wouldcalve;thepp.isusedofmen;hann hafðiveritblindrborinn, bornblind; verðaborinníþennaheim, tobeborn intothisworld;þannsóma,semekem tilborinn, bornto;borinne-m,fráe-m (rare), bornof;NóttvarNörviborin, was thedaughterofN.;borinnSigmundi, son ofS.;(5)b.e-nafli,ofrafli,ofrliði,ofrmagni,ofríki, tobearonedown,overcome,

oppress,onebyoddsorsuperiorforce;b.enráðum, tooverruleone;b.e-nmálum, tobearonedown(wrongfully)inalawsuit; b.e-nsök, tochargeonewithafault;b. e-nbjóri, tomakedrunkwithbeer;verða bráðumborinn, tobetakenbysurprise; borinnverkjum, overcomebypains;þess erborinván, thereisnohope,allhopeis gone;borinnbaugum, bribed;cf.berafé áe-n, tobribeone;(6) tolear,becapable ofbearing (ofaship,horse,vehicle);þeir hlóðubæðiskipinsemborðbáru, with asmuchastheycouldcarry;fig.,tosustain, support (svámikillmannfjöldi,at landitfekkeigiborit);ofpersons, tobear upagainst,endure,support (grief,sorrow, &c.);absol.,barhanndrengiliga, hebore itmanfully;similarly,b.(harm)afsér,berastvel(illa,lítt)af;barhonsköruliga afsér, sheboreupbravely;hversuberst Auðrafumbróðurdauðann, howdoesshe bearit? honberstaflítt, sheismuchcast down;b.sikvelupp, tobearwellup against;(7)b.e-tá,e-náhendre-m, to chargeortaxonewith (eigierumvérþess valdir,erþúberráoss);b.(kvið)áe-n, to giveaverdictagainst,declareguilty (íannatsinnbáruþeiráFlosakviðinn);b.af e-m(kviðinn), togiveaverdictfor;b.e-t af sér,todenyhavingdoneathing;b. or b. vitni,vætti, tobearwitness,testify;b. or b.ume-t, togiveaverdictinacase;b.e-n sannanatsök, toproveguiltybyevidence; b.e-nundansök, toacquit;b.ísundr frændsemiþeirra, toprove(byevidence) thattheyarenotrelations;b.e-mvel(illa) söguna, togiveafavourable(unfavourable) accountofone;refl.(pass.),berast, tobe provedbyevidence (þóttþérberistþat faðerni,erþúsegir);(8) tosetforth,report,tell;b.e-mkveðju(orð,orðsending), tobringoneagreeting,compliments (word,message);b. or b.framerindisín fyrire-n, tostate(tell)one’serrand or to pleadone’scasebeforeone;b.e-mnjósn, toappriseone;b.e-tupp, toproduce,mention,tell;b.uppgátu, togive(propound)a riddle;b.upperindisín, tostateone’serrand;b.samanráðsín, toconsulttogether;eyddistþaðráð,erþeirbárusaman, whichtheyhaddesigned;(9) tokeep,hold, bear,ofatitle(b.jarlnafn,konnungsnafn);b.(eigi)giptu,gæfu,hammingju,auðnutile-s, (not)tohavethe goodfortunetodoathing (barhannenga gæfutilatþjónaþér);b.vit,skyn,kunnáttuáe-t, tohaveknowledgeof,uniderstandingabout;velvitiborinn, endowed withagoodunderstanding;b.hug,áræði, þor,trausttile-s, tohavecourage,confidencetodoathing;b.áhyggjufyrire-u, to beconcernedabout;b.ást,elsku,hatrtil e-s, tobearaffection,love,hatredto;(10) tobearoff or away,carryoff (somegain); b.sigrafe-m,afe-u, tocarryoffthevictoryfrom or in;hannhafðiboritsigraf tveimorustum, hehadbeenvictoriousin twobattles;b.hærra(lægra)hlut toget thebest(theworst)ofit;b.efra(hærra) skjöld, togainthevictory;b.hátt(lágt) höfuðit, tobeartheheadhigh(low),tobe inhigh(low)spirits;b.halannbratt,lágt, tocockuporletfallthetail,tobeinhigh orlowspirits;(11)withpreps.;b.afe-m, tosurpass;enþóbarBolliaf, surpassed alltherest;b.afsérhögg, lagtowardoff, parryablow or thrust;b.eldat, tosetfire to;b.fjötur(bönd)ate-m, toputfetters (bonds)onone;b.vápnáe-n, toattack onewithsharpweapons;b.á or í, tosmear, anoint (b.vatníaugusér,b.tjöruíhöfuð sér);b.e-ttil, toapplyto,totryifitfits (b.

tilhvernlykilaföðrumatportinu);b.etum, towindround;þábarhannþáfesti umsik, madeitfastroundhisbody;b.um meðe-n, tobearwith,havepatiencewith; b.útbarn, toexposeachild;(12)refl.,berastmikit(lítit)á, tobearoneselfproudly (humbly);látaafb., todie;látafyrirb.e-s staðar, tostay,remaininaplace (forshelter);b.e-tfyrir, todesignathing (barst hannþatfyriratsjáaldregikonur);at njósnaum,hvathannbæristfyrir, toinquireintowhathewasabout;b.vápná, toattackoneanother;b.at or til, tohappen;þatbarstat (happened) áeinhverjusumri;efsváharðligakanntilatb., ifthatmisfortunedoeshappen;b.ímóti, tohappen,occur;hefirþettavelímóti borizt, itisahappycoincidence;b.við, tobeprevented;oknúlétalmáttugrguð viðb.kirkjubrunann, prevented,stopped theburningofthechurch;II.impers.,denotingasortofpassiveorinvoluntary motion;(1)withacc., itbearsorcarries onetoaplace;allaberratsamabrunni, allcometothesamewell(end);barhann (acc.)þáofangegntÖsuri, hehappened tocomedownjustoppositetoÖ.;esp.of shipsandsailors;berross(acc.)tilÍslandseðaannarralanda, wedrifttoIcelandorothercountries;þá(acc.)barsuðr íhaf, theywerecarriedoutsouthwards; Skarpheðin(acc.)barnúatþeim, S.came suddenlyuponthem;efhann(acc.)skyldi beraþarat, ifheshouldhappentocome there;e-nberryfir, oneisborneonwards, ofabirdflying,amanriding;hann(acc.) barskjóttyfir, itpassedquickly (ofaflyingmeteor);(2)followedbypreps.;Gunnarsér,atrauðankyrtilbarviðglugginn, thataredkirtlepassedbeforethewindow; hvergibarskugga(acc.)á, therewas

nowhereashadow;e-tberrfram(hátt), is prominent;Ólafrkonungrstóðílyptingu okbarhann(acc.)háttmjök, stoodout conspicuously;e-tberrámilli, comesbetween;leiti(acc.)barámilli, ahillhid theprospect;fig.e-mberre-támilli, they areatvarianceaboutathing;mart(acc.) berrnúfyriraugumér, manythingscome nowbeforemyeyes;veiði(acc.)berríhendre-m, gamefallstoone’slot;e-tberr undan, goesamiss,fails;b.saman, tocoincide;barnöfnþeirrasaman, theyhad thesamename;fig.,withdat.;baröllum sögumvelsaman, allthestoriesagreed welltogether;fundvárnbarsaman, we met;(3)b.at,til,við,athendi,tilhanda, tobefall,happen,withdat.oftheperson; svábarateinnvetr, ithappenedonewinter;þóatþettavandræði(acc.)hafinú boritoss(dat.)athendi, hasbefallenus; barhonumsvátil, itsobefellhim;þat barvið (itsohappened),atHögnikom; raun(acc.)berrá, itisprovedbyfact;(4) oftime, tofallupon;efþing(acc.)berrá hinahelguviku, iftheparliamentfallsin theholyweek;b.ímóti, tocoincide,happenexactlyatthesametime;(5)denotingcause;e-tberrtil, causesathing;konungrspurði,hvattilbæriúgleðihans, whatwasthecauseofhisgrief;ætluðu þatþáallir,atþatmunditilb., thatthat wasthereason;berre-mnauðsyntile-s, oneisobligedtodoathing;(6)e-tberr undire-n, fallstoaperson’slot;honáarf attaka,þegarerundirhanaberr, inher turn;e-tberrfrá, issurpassing;ersagt, atþat(acc.)bærifrá,hvévelþeirmæltu, itwasextraordinaryhowwelltheyspoke; (7)e-tberrbráðum, happensofasudden;e-tberrstóru,stórum(stœrrum), it amountstomuch(more),itmattersagreat

deal(more),itisofgreat(greater)importance;(8)absol.orwithanadv.,vel,illa, withinfin.;e-mberr(vel,illa)atgeraet, itbecomes,beseemsone(well,ill)todoa thing (berryðrvel,herra,atsjásannindi áþessumáli);usedabsol.,berrvel,illa, it isbeseeming,proper,fit,or unbeseeming, improper,unfit (þatþykkireigiillab.,at).

bera (að),v. tomakebare (honberaði likam sinn).

bera, f. she-bear, = birna. ber-bakt,adv. bare-backed,without saddle (ríða-bakt); -beinn,a. barelegged; -brynjaðr,a. wearingacoatofmailwith nogarmentoverit; -dreymr,a. having clear dreams as to the future. ber-fjall, n. bear-skin (cf. ‘bera’).

ber-fœttr,a. bare-footed,barelegged; berfœttrbróðir, bare-footedfriar,minorite.

berg,n.(1) rock,boulder;(2) cliff, precipice (framan í bergi).

berg-búi,m. rock-dweller,giant; -danir,m.pl.=-búar; -hamarr,m. rockyprecipice; -hlíð,f. thesideofa berg,mountainslope; -högg,n. aquarrying tool.

bergi-biti,m. abittotaste,smallbit; -ligr, a. inviting to taste. berging, f. tasting, taste.

bergisamligr, a. = bergiligr.

bergja (-ða, -ðr),v. totaste,withdat.; þárgunnavildiøngummatb., Th.would tastenofood;b.ölvi, totaste(drink)ale; b.dauða, totastedeath;alsob.áe-u(enn höfum við eigi á dauða bergt).

bergning, f. = berging (rare).

berg-nös,f.=bergsnös; -rifa,f. fissureinarock,=bjargrifa; -risi,m. hillgiant; -skor,f. riftinarockyhill,= bjargskora; -snös,f. arockyprojection;

-tollr,m. rock-toll,paidforcatching fowlthereon; -vörðr,m. awatchorlookout for rocks and cliffs (halda bergvörð).

ber-höfði,a.indecl. bare-headed; -högg,n.inthephrase,gangaí(orá) -höggviðe-n, toenterintoopenfight with;Jóangekkáberhöggatbannaallar þærúhœfur, interdictedtheseabusesboldly and openly.

berill,m. vessel,barrel forfluids (mjöðrinn var borinn í berlum). berindis, adv. openly (rare).

berja (ber; barða, börðum; barðr, bariðr),v.(1) tobeat,strike,smite (b.en);hársváfagrtsembaritgull, asbeaten gold;b.kornafhálmi, tothresh;b.húðaf e-m, toscourgeseverely;b.e-ngrjóti, to stone (=grýta);b.e-nillyrðum,ávítum, toabuse,reproachone;b.áe-m, toattack onewithblows,giveoneathrashing;b.á hurð,dyrr,athurðu,atdyrum, toknock, rapatadoor;b.sérábrjóst, tosmite one’sbreast (inrepentance);b.tile-s= b.áe-m;b.e-ntile-s, todriveonewith blowstodoathing (verðabarðrtilbœkr); (2)withdat.,b.grjótiíandlite-m, to throwstonesinone’sface;b.samanvápnum,skjöldum, todashweapons,shields againsteachother;b. (toneglect,slight) guðsboðum;b.e-uniðr(opp.toljósta e-uupp), tohushup;(3)intrans.,hjarta hansbarði (beat,throbbed) undirsíðunni; (4)impers.,skýjagrjótibarðiíaugu þeim, hailstonesdashedintheireyes; þeimbarðisaman, theydashedagainst eachother;(5)refl.,berjast, tofight (við e-n, with or againstaperson;viðveðr, againstbadweather;viðe-m, foraperson);b.áe-t, toassailattack (b.áborgina, águðslýð);þótthannberðistlengimót (offered resistance).

berja-vin, n. berry-wine. berkja (-ta, -t), v. to boast, brag. ber-kyrtlaðr,a. wearingthekirtleonly,withoutcloakormantle; -leggjaðr, -leggr,a. bare-legged; -liga,adv.(1) openly,barely;(2) quite,altogether (berligaúviljandi); -ligr,a. open,manifest, clear.

berlings-áss,m. pole (-ássdigrþrettán alna langr).

ber-málugr,a. outspoken; -mælgi,f., -mæli,n.pl. outspokenness,frankness; -mæltr, a. = -málugr.

bernska,f. childhood (hannvarþáí bernsku).

bernsk-liga,adv. childishly; -ligr,a. childish; bernskr, a. childish, childlike. bernsku-aldr,m. years,days,ofchildhood; -bragð,n. childishtrick; -ligr,a. belongingtochildhood,childish; -maðr, m. childishperson,youth; -ráð,n. childish design.

berr,a.(1) bare,naked (líkbertok blóðugt);undirberumhimni, intheopen air;hvílaáberrijörðu, onthebare ground;(2) open,clear,manifest;segjaetberumorðum, inplainwords verðaberr ate-u, tobeconvictedofathing;gørae-t bert, tomakeknown;gørasikberaníe-u, toreveal,showone’smindinathng;vóru berastiríþvíþrændir, theTh.weremost undisguised in it. ber-serkr (-s, -ir),m. ‘bear-sark’, berserker,awildwarrior oftheheathen age.

berserks-gangr,m. furyofthe berserkers. bersi, m., see ‘bessi’. ber-shjaldaðr,a. withoutashield; -syndugr,a. guiltyofopensin (bersyndugrmaðr); -sögli,f. outspokenness,

freedom of speech. bert, adv. openly, clearly (mæla b.). ber-yrði, n. pl. = bermæli, bersögli. bessi (for‘bersi’,cf.‘bera’,f.),m. hebear, Bruin. besti, n. = bast. betr,adv.compar.,(1) better;b.þœtti mér, Iwouldrather;vánub., betterthan expected;hafab., togetthebetterofit; (2) more;leggitframb.hitmiklaskipit, bringfurtherforward;þrjúhundruðok þrírtigiroksexb., toboot;efhannorkar (or má)b., ifhecandomore;ekkimáttu sumirinennb.enfástaðizt, theywere justabletokeepupagainsthim;sváhár, atengiannarratókb.eníöxlhonum, reached higher than to his shoulder. betra (að),v. tobetter,improve (b.líf sitt);refl. tobecomebetter;impers.,þeir sögðu,atkonungibetraðistmjök, that the king felt, much better. betran, f. bettering, improvement. betranligr, a. improvable. betr-feðrungr,m. amanbetterthan his father, = feðr-betrungr. betri,a.compar., beztr,superl. better,best;þeimþóttibetraat, theythought itbetterto;beztrbóndi, anexcellent farmer;ermérhefirbeztrverit, best (kindest)towardsme;withgen.,meðan beztersumars, duringthebestpartofthe summer. beygja (-ða, -ðr),v. tobend,bow (b. hálsinnfyrire-m);b.e-mkrók, tomakeit awkward for one. beyglast (að),v.refl. tobecomebent (spjótit beyglaðist).

beysta (-sta, -str),v. tobeat;b.korn, tothresh;b.bakföllum, topullhardatthe oars.

beysti, n. ham, gammon of bacon.

beytill,m. fescue-grass (?),cf. ‘góibeytill’.

bezt (older‘bazt’),adv.,superl.to‘vel’, best;b.búinn, bestequipted;b.allramanna, best of all men. beztr (older‘baztr’),a.superl.,see ‘betri’.

biblia, f. the Bible; also ‘biflía’.

bið,n.pl. waiting,delay;góðríbíðum, patient.

biða (að),v. towait;b.e-s, towaitfor (þeir biðuðu þeirra).

biða, f. awaiting (rare).

biðan, f. delay, biding.

bið-angr, m. = biðan, biðvangr.

biðill (pl. biðlar), m. wooer, suitor.

biðja (bið; bað, báðum; beðinn),v. (1) toask,begathingofone (b.e-nes);withinfin., tobegonetodoathing; innbiðþúhannganga, askhimtostepin; withtheinfin.sign‘at’, tobegleave;biðr hannatfaranorðráHálogaland, asked forfurloughtogotoH.;with‘at’anda subj.(biðjaviljumvér,atþúséríliðsbóninnimeðoss);b.e-s, tobegforathing (b.miskunnar,matar);b.e-me-s, tobeg forathingonbehalfofone;b.e-mlífs, griða, tobegforone’slife,tosueforquarter foranother;b.sérölmusu, toaskforalms; b.(sér)konu, toaskinmarriage;b.fyrir e-m, tointercede(pray)forone;(2) topray toGod (b.tilguðs);b.bœnsína(bœnar sinnar,bœnsinni), tosayone’sprayer; (3)refl.,biðjastfyrir, tosayone’sprayers; b.undan, toexcuseoneself (fromdoinga thing).

bið-leika (að),v. towait,stay,tarry (= ‘biða’).

bið-lund, f. forbearance, patience. biðlundar-góðr,a. patient; -mál,n. a matter that can wait.

bið-lyndi,n., -stóll,m.(rare),=biðlund.

bið-stund,f. timepassedinwaitingdelay, respite. biðstundar-tími, m. = biðstund. bið-vangr, m. = biðangr. bifast (ðandað),v.refl.(1) toshake, tremble (allrÁsasalrundirbifðist);(2) to bemoved;vagninnbifasthvergi, cannot be moved.

bif-röst,f.poet.,mythicalnameof the rainbow.

bik,n. pitch (svartrsemb.;bikisvartari); bika (að), v. to pitch. bikarr,m. largedrinkingcup,beaker (cf. ‘sáttar-bikarr’).

bikkja, f. bitch (= grey, tík).

bikkja (-ta, -tr),v. toplungeintowater;hannbikktisérútafborðinu,hann bikkti í sjóinn, he plunged overboard. bikkju-hvelpr,m. bitch’swhelp; -sonr,m. sonofabitch; -stakkr,m. skin of a bitch. bil,n.(1) anopenspaceleft (b.erþarna);(2) moment;þatbil, thatverymoment;íþvíbili, atthesamemoment,just then.

bila (að),v.(1) togiveway,break,crack; þáerskipithljópafstokkunum,þábilaði ískararnökkurar, someoftheseamsgave way;(2)withdat.,flestumbilaráræðit, mostpeopleloseheart;withinfin.,Þórr villfyrirenganmunb.atkomatileinvígis, Th.willbynomeansfailtomeet;(3) impers.,hugokáræðimunmikaldregi b., Ishallneverbewantingincourageand pluck.

bil-bugr,m. failingofheart,giving way;látaengan-bugásérsjá, toshowno sign of fear, stand firm. bilt,a.n.,onlyinthephrase,e-m

verðrb., oneisstartled,alarmed;Þór (dat.)varðb.einusinni (foronceThor’s heartfailedhim) atsláhannmeðhamrinum.

bimbult,a.n.,inthephrase,e-merb., onefeelsuneasy (kerlingfærekkisofnat um nóttina, svá var henni bimbult).

binda (bind; batt, bundum; bundinn),v.(1) tobind,tie,fasten,tie up;b.hest,hund, totieupahorse,dog;b. skó,þvengi, totieshoes,thongs;b.stein viðhálse-m, tofastenastonetoone’s neck;b.fyriraugue-m, toblindfoldone; (2) tobindinparcels,topackup (b.varningtilskips);b.heyáhest, totrusshay onahorse’sback;b.korn, totieupsheaves ofcorn;b.klyf, totieupapack;(3)b.e-t ume-t, tobindround;hannbattsilkiræmuumfótsér, heboundastripofsilk roundhisleg;b.ume-t, toputabandage on;battYngvildrumfóthonum, bound uphis(wounded)leg;b.umsár, tobind upawound;fig.,hefirmargrhlotitum sártatb.fyrirmér, manyamanhashad woundstotieupbymymeans (i.e.inflictedbyme);þykkirmérbeztumheiltat b., tobindasoundlimb,tokeepsafeand sound;b.sár=b.umsár;b.hönde-s, to bindhishand;(4) tomake,form,contract, enterinto (b.samfélag,vináttu,tengdir, hjúskap);b.sættokfrið, tomakeareconciliationandpeace;b.ráð, toresolve; absol.withinfin., tofix,engage (bundu þeirÞórirathittastáákveðnumstáð); (5)refl., tobindorengageoneself;emek þóeigiþessbúinn,nemafleiribindist, unlessmorepersonsbindthemselves,enter theleague;b.áhendi(höndum)e-m, to bindoneselftoserveanother (b.áhendi konungum);b.fyrire-u, toputoneselfat theheadofanundertaking;b.(=binda

sik)íe-u, toengageinathing (b.íheitum);b.íbannsatkvæði, tobringononeselfthesentenceofexcommunication;with gen.(b.e-s=b.af or fráe-u), torefrain fromathing;eigibazthannferligraorða, he did not refrain from bad words. bindandi, f. = bindendi. bindandis-tími, m. time of abstinence. bindendi,f.andn. abstinence (b. matarokdrykkjarokmargraannaragirnda).

bindendis-kraptr,m. virtueofabstinence; -lauss,a. licentious; -lif,n. lifeof abstinence; -maðr, m. an ascetic. bingr,m. bed,bolster (stattuppúr binginum).

birgðir, f. pl. stores, provisions. birgiligr, a. serviceable, useful. birgja (-ða, -ðr),v.,b.e-nate-u, to furnish,provideonewithathing (núvilek b. bú þitt at málnytuísumar).

birgr,a. well-furnished,provided (ateu) with a thing- (b. at kosti).

birki-, in compds., birch-. birkinn,a. birchen;onlyin‘birkinn viðr’ = birkiviðr.

birki-raptr,m. birch-rafter; -viðr,m. birch-wood.

birkja (-ta, -tr),v. tobark,stripoffthe bark from a tree (b. við).

birkja, f. birch-juice. birna, f. she-bear, = bera.

birta (-rta, -rtr),v.(1) tobrighten, lightup,illuminate;varbirtallthlýrit (the bowofthevesselwasmadebright) bæði hvítumsteiniokrauðum;stjörnurbirta náttina, lightupthenight;b.blinda, to maketheblindsee;b.hjörtuvár, toenlightenourhearts;b.rœðu, toelucidate, makeitclearer;impers.,veðrit(acc.)birtir, itclearsup;þokunni(dat.)birtir, the

foglifts;(2) toreveal,manifest,show (skjóttmunekb.mittskaplyndi);with dat.,b.ástsinni, tomanifestone’slove; refl.,birtast, toappear (birtistþáskaði þeirra);dagrinnbirtist, thedaydawns;b. e-m, to appear to one. birta,f.(1) brightness,faircomplexion; (2) = birti.

birtari, m. revealer. birti, n. brightness, light. birting,f.(1) brightness;(2) revelation; birtingar tíð, the Epiphany. birtingr,m. akindoffish,sea-trout (?).

biskup (-s, -ar),m.(1) bishop;(2) the Jewish high-priest. biskupa (að),v. toconfirm (b.börn),= ferma.

biskupa-fundr,m.,-mót,n. synodof bishops. biskupan, f. confirmation, = ferming. biskupa-þing, n. council of bishops. biskup-dómr,m.=biskupsdómr; -liga,adv. episcopally; -ligr,a. episcopal;biskupligtembætti, theofficeofbishop.

biskups-búningr,m. bishop’srobes; -búr,n. bishop’slarder; -dómr,m.(1) dignityorrankofabishop;(2) theperiod duringwhichabishopholdsoffice,episcopate (í-dómie-s);(3) episcopalsee,bishopric; -dóttir,f. bishop’sdaughter; -dœmi,n.=-dómr(3); -efni,n. bishop-elect; -frændi,m. relativeofabishop; -garðr, m. bishop’smanor; -gisting,f.; -herbergi,n.pl. bishop’sapartments; -kør, n., -kosning,f. electionofabishop; -lauss,a. withoutabishop (landiter -laust); -maðr,m. oneintheserviceofa bishop; -mark,n. signofabishop; -mágr,m. brother-in-lawofabishop; -messa,

f. amasscelebratedbyabishop; -mítr,n. bishop’smitre; -nafn,n. titleofabishop; -ríki,n. episcopalsee,bishopric; -sekt, f. afinetobepaidtothebishop; -skattr, m. adutytobepaidtothebishop (inNorway); -skrúð,n., -skrúði,m. bishop’s robes; -sonr,m. sonofabishop; -stafr, m. bishop’sstaff,crosier; -stjórn,f. administrationofabishop; -stóll,m.(1) episcopalseat;(2) bishopric; -sýsla,f.(1) =-stjórn;(2) provinceofabishop,diocese; -tign,f. dignity or rankofabishop; -tíund,f. thetithetobepaidtothebishop (inIceland); -vatn,n. waterconsecrated bythebishopGuðmund; -veldi,a. episcopalpower; -vígsla,f. consecrationofa bishop.

bismara-pund, n. a certain weight. bismari,m. steel-yard (mælirokpundari ok bismari).

bisund,f. agoldcoin,besant(foreign word).

bit,n.(1) bite (attönnunumerbitsins ván);(2) sharpness,edge (ofcuttinginstruments); (3) pasture = beit (Norse).

bita (að),v.(1) tocutintobits;(2)b. út(útbita),withdat., toextend,distend, stretch out.

bit-bein,n. boneofcontention (hafaríkiþessilengiatöfundorðitok-beinum); -hundr, m. snappish dog. biti,m.(1) bit,mouthful;biðjabitum, to gobegging;(2)eyetooth (upperukomnir bitarokjaxlar);(3) cross-beam,cross-girder.

bitill, m. = bitull.

bitlaðr,pp. bitted,bridled;cf.‘gullbitlaðr’.

bitlingr,m. bit,morsel;stela bitlingum, to steal trifles. bitr (acc.bitran),a.(1) biting,snapping

(b.naðra);(2) cutting,sharp (bitrtsverð); (3) painful,bitter (b.tregi); -leikr,m. bitterness; -ligr,a. sharp,keen (-ligt sverð).

bit-sótt,f. disease (ofcattle,sheep) from vermin.

bitull, m. the bit of a bridle. bíða (bíð;beið,biðum;beðit),v.(1) to abide,waitfor,withgen.,bíðþúmínhér, waitformehere;þeirbiðubyrjar, they waitedforfavourablewind;b.sinnarstundar, tobideone’stime;b.e-sórstað (þaðan,héðan), tostandwaitinginthe sameplace(there,here);vareigilangtat b.,at (itwasnotlongbefore) sannaðist sagaábótamíns;(2) tosuffer,undergo, sustain,withacc.,b.bana(dauða,hel), skaða, tosufferdeath,loss;b.ámæli, tobe blamed;b.ósigr, tobedefeated;b.enga ró, tofeelnopeace,beuneasy;b.bót (bœtr)e-s, torecover,overcome;(3)e-t bíðre-s, isinstoreforone,awaitsone (fagnaðu,vinminn,þvíatþínbíðreilífrfagnaðr);(4)impers.,e-t(acc.)bíðr, thereis, thereistobehad,withapreceedingnegative;hvárkibíðrþarbárunévindsblæ, thereisfeltneitherwavenorbreathofair; varlabeiðbrauðeðrfœðu, wasscarcelyto be had.

bíðandi, f. biding, waiting, delay. biðendr,m.pl. thosewhowait;b.eigu byr, get a fair wind. bíldóttr,a. spottedonthecheeks (ofa sheep).

bíldr,m. aninstrumentforletting blood,lancet (öritvarsembíldsspor yæri, a scar as from a b.).

bjalla,f. bell (hannvígðiklukkurok bjöllur).

bjannak,n. benediction (fromIrish beannacht). bjarg,n.(1) rock,boulder;(2) precipice, cliff (by the sea).

bjarga (berg; barg, burgum; borginn),v.(1) tohelp,save,withdat.;

bíld-ör, f. a kind of arrow. bílífi, n. luxury, = býlífi. bíta (bít; beit, bitum; bitinn),v.(1) tobite withtheteeth(hundrbítrmann; E.beitskarðórhorninu);b.gras, to graze,alsoabsol.(nautbituávelli);b.af e-meyrun, tobitehisears;b.e-tísundr, tobiteasunderorthrough;b.ávörrinni,kampinum, tobitethelip,thebeard; impers.,offish, tobite,takethebait (bítr veláumdaginn);(2)ofsharpinstruments,weapons;þeirereigibitujárn, thosewhomironcouldnotbite;sverðit beiteigi, didnotcut;e-mbítr, one ’ s weapon(scythe)cutswell (alltbituhonum annanvegvápnin);fig.,beitþettaráð, waseffective;(3)ofaship, togonearthe wind;skip,ervérköllumb.allraskipa bezt, thebestsailer;impers.,beitþeim eigifyrirReykjanes, theycouldnotclear orweatherReykjaness;(4)fig., tobite, sting,hurt (þikskuluallireiðarb.,þeir erHelgahafðirunna);sekt,sökbítren, oneisconvictedorfoundguilty;þau mál,semsektbítr, mattersliabletopunishment;b.áe-n, toaffect,makeanimpressiononone;þettalétKjartanásikb., K.tookthistoheart;látae-teigiásikb., tobeproofagainst,tobeunaffectedbya thing;(5)e-tbítrfyrir, isdecisive,decides orsettlesthematter,esp.soastorenderit impossible;b.e-matfullu, toprovefatal to (hafamiknúatfullubitithansráð);(6) refl.,bítast(ofhorses), tobite,infighting(varhonummikilforvitni,hvébítast vildihestrinn) tobiteoneanother (bítast sem hundar eða hestar).

bjarga B bjarn-staka

nemaÞ.byrgihonum, unlessTh.helped him;sáeröldumbergr, whosaves mankind (viz.againstthegiants,i.e. Thor);guðssoneröllumheimibarg, who savedthewholeworld;impers.,e-mer borgit, oneissaved,comessafeandsound outofdanger (brutuskipsittoktýndufé öllu,enmönnumvarðborgitflestum); b.skipshöfn, torescuetheshipwrecked; b.skipi, tohaulashipoutofthereachof thetide;b.hval, tosecureadeadwhale (bydraggingitashore);b.konum, tohelp labouringwomen (cf.‘bjargrúnar’);b. kúm, toattendcowscalving;b.nám, to renderthelastservicetodeadbodies (cf. ‘nábjargir’);b.sök,máli, tosucceedin winningacase,asuit;(2)refl.,bjargast, tokeepuptheheart,esp.againstcoldor hunger;Oddrbargstveláfjallinu(ina snowstorm);b.sjálfr, togainone’sbread; b.ásínarhendr, tosupportoneselfwith one’sownhands;b.úti, tofindone’sfood (graze)inthefield (ofcattle);Snorrigóði fann,atnafnihansbargstlíttviðostinn, thathegotonslowlywitheatingthe cheese;verðiþérnúatb.viðslíksemtil er, youmustnowputupwithwhatyoucan get.

bjarga (að),v.(rare),=preceding (bjargat mun málinu verða).

bjargar-vist,f. asituationwhichyields food and clothing. bjarg-aurar,m.pl. meansenoughfor support.

bjarg-gengr,a. cleveratclimbingon fowling cliffs (cf. ‘ganga í bjarg’).

bjarg-hagr,a. adexterouscarpenteror smith for household work.

bjarg-högg,n. instrumentforhewing steps in a rock.

bjarg-kostr,m. meansofsupport;

-kviðr,m. verdictofacquital; -leysi,n. starvation,destitution; -ráð,n.(1) means ofsalvation;(2) advicegiventoanoutlaw with intent to save his life.

bjarg-rifa, f. rift in a rock, = bergrifa. bjarg-rúnar,f.pl. runesforhelping womeninlabour; -rýgr (rýgjar, -rýgir), f. midwife.

bjarg-skora,f. riftinarockyhill,= bergskor.

bjargs-maðr,m. aself-supportingperson.

bjarg-snös,f.=bergsnös; -steinn, m. boulder, craig. bjarg-vel, adv. well enough. bjarg-vættr,f. helpingsprite,goodgenius.

bjarkan, n. the runic letter B. bjarkeyjar-réttr, m. town-law. bjarmar,m.pl.,nameofapeopleor tribeoftheRussianempire, thePerms of the present day. bjarnar-báss,m.=bjarnbáss; -hamr, m. thehide,shapeofabear; -híð,n. a blackbear’slair; -hold,n. bear’sflesh; -hrammr,m. bear’s paw; -slátr,n. meat of a slaughtered bear. bjarn-báss,m. apitforcatchingbears; -dýr, -dýri,n. bear; -eggjan,f. brutal provocation; -feldr,m. bear-skincloak; -fell,n. bear’sfell,bear’sskin; -gjöld, n.pl. rewardforkillingabear; -húnn, m. bear’scub; -igull,m.akindof seaurchin; -ólpa,f.=bjarnskinnsólpa; -skinn, n. bearskin. bjarnskinns-ólpa, f. a bearskin cloak. bjarn-staka,f. bearskin; -sviða,f. largeknifeforkillingbears; -veiðar,f. pl. bear-hunting (faraá-veiðar); -ylr,m. bear’swarmth,thevitalwarmthofanicebear.

bjart-eygðr, -eygr,a. bright-eyed; -haddaðr,a. fair-haired; -leikr,m. brightness; -leitr,a. fair-complexioned; -liga,adv. clearly,plainly; -litaðr,a. light-coloured.

bjartr,a.(1) bright,shining (bjartljós, sólskin);(2) illustrious (meðbjörtum sigri).

bjart-viðri, n. clear weather. bjálfi (orbjálbi),m. fur,skin,esp.in compds., hreinbjálfi, geitbjálfi.

bjálki, m. balk, beam.

bjóð, n. (1) small table; (2) small bowl. bjóða (býð; bauð, buðum; boðinn), v.(1) tooffer;þeirhöfðuboðithonum laun, theyhadofferedhimrewards;Þ. bauðatgefa (offeredtogive) Gunnlaugi hestinn;b.grið, toofferpardon;b.e-ttil lífssér, asaransomforone’slife;b.e-t fram, toproffer,produce (b.framvitni);b. e-tupp,afhendi, togiveup,leaveoff;þá býðrhannupphornit, givesupthehorn, willnotdrinkmore;b.e-tundane-m, to offertotakeathingoffone’shands (erþá kostratb.undanþeimmannivarðveizlunafjárins);b.e-tvið, tomakeabid;b.við tvennverð, tobiddouble;refl.,bjóðast, toofferoneself,volunteerone’sservice; Þóroddrbauzt (offeredhimself) tilþeirrar farar;(2) todoathingtoone,inabad sense;b.e-mógn, towagewaragainst one;b.e-mójöfnuð,ofriki, totreatunfairly,oppress;b.e-mógn, toaffright,terrify;b.e-mrangt, totreatoneunjustly;(3) tobid,invite (b.e-mtilsín or heim);b. mönnumtilboðs, tobidgueststoabanquet,wedding;(4) tobid,order;semlög buðu, asthelawprescribed;b.e-merendi, tocommitathingtoone’scharge;b.emvarnaðáe-u, toforbid;b.e-maflandi, toorderoneoutoftheland;b.e-mafem-

bætti, todeposeone;b.útliði,skipum, to levy,troops,ships;b.e-mum, todelegate toone,tocommittoone’scharge (þeim mannierbiskuphefirumboðitatnefna vátta);(5) toproclaim,announce;b.trú (kristni), toproclaim,preachareligion (theChristitianfaith);b.messudag, to proclaimaholyday;(6)ofamentalstate, tohavepresentimentof;e-mbýðre-tí hug(skap), onehasaforeboding,presentimentof;mérbýðre-tfyrir, Iforebode; mérbýðrhugrviðe-u, Iabhor,dislike; impers.,mérbýðrávallthita(acc.),erek kemíþeirraflokk, Ifeeluneasywhenever …;mérbauðótta, Ifeltafear;bauðþeim miklaþekt (theyfeltmuchpleasure),er þeirsálíkit;efyðrbýðrsváviðathorfa, whenyouareinsuchaframeofmind;(7) býðre-m, itbeseems,becomesone;sem konungsbarnibýðr, asbefitsaprincess; eptirþatfórvígslaframeptirþvísem býðr, as it is due, or proper. bjór-blandaðr, pp. mixed with beer. bjórr,m. beer (ölheitirmeðmönnum, en með Ásum b.).

bjórr (-s, -ar),m.(1) triangularcutoff pieceofskin (bjórarþeir,ermennsníða órskómsínumfyrirtámeðahæl);(2)triangularstripof land,=geiri(b.láónuminnfyriraustanFljót);(3) frontwall, partywall;engivarbjórrinnmillihúsanna, therewasnopartitionbetweenthe houses;(4) asortoftapestryoftriangular shape (varstofanveltjölduðoksettirupp bjórar).

bjórr (-s, -ar),m. beaver,esp.the beaver’s skin (b. ok safali).

bjór-reifr,a. cheerfullfrombeerdrinking; -sala,f. vendingofbeer; -salr,m. beer-hall.

bjór-skinn,n. beaverskin; -skinnfel-

bjór-tunna B blauðast

dr, m. cloak made of beaver skin.

bjór-tunna,f. barrelofbeer; -veig,f. beer; -verpill, m. beer-cask.

bjúga (pl. bjúgu),n. sausage (cf.‘mörbjúga’).

bjúg-leikr,m. crookedness; -leltr,a. ofcrookedcountenance; -nefjaðr,a. hook-nosed, = nefbjúgr.

bjúgr,a. bowed,hooked,crooked,bent; hannvarb.ábaki, hesatbentorbowed (fromage)onhorseback;hvárteryðr þykkirbjúgteðabeint, whetheritseemsto youcrookedorstraight,whetheryoulikeit or not.

bjöð,f. flatland;áðrBörssynirbjöðum ofyptu, erethesonsofB.raisedthe ground.

björg (gen. bjargar,pl. bjargir),f. (1) help,deliverance,outofneedordanger, esp.help (food,shelter,transport) given toanoutlaw (veitae-mb.,einnarnætr b.);lögmætb., lawfulpointofdefence (in pleadingintheCourt);(2) meansofsubsistence,stores,provisions (fjögurramissera b.).

björk (gen. bjarkar),f. birch, birchtree.

björn (gen. bjarnar,pl. birnir,acc. björnu),m. bear (hvítabjörn, thewhite bear;híðbjörn,skógbjörn,urðbjörn, viðbjörn, the black bear). blað,n.(1) leafofaplant;(2) leafina book;(3) bladeofaknife (knífsblað), ofan oar (árarblað);(4) skirtofakirtle,shirt, cloak (kyrtilblað, skyrtublað, feldarblað).

blaðra (að),v.(1) tofluttertoandfro, asaleafinthewind(sáþeir,attungan blaðraði);(2)withdat., tomove (the tongue) toandfro (hannblaðraðitungunniokleitaðiviðatmæla); towagthetail (b.halanum);(3)absol., toutterinarticu-

lately (blaðrarokbendirhann);withacc. (blaðrandi þessi orð).

blaðra, f. bladder; brain.

blak, n. slap (with the open hand).

blaka (að and -ta),v.(1) toflutter, wave (oftheleavesofatree);(2)with dat.,b.vængjunum, toflapthewings;(3) with acc., b. e-n, to give one a slap. blaka,f.(1) veil (cf.‘silkiblaka’);(2) fan.

blakk-fjallr,a. withblackhide (birnir blakkfjallir).

blakkr,a. black,dun-coloured (beittu, Sigurðr, enn blakka mar).

blakkr, m. poet. a dun-coloured horse. blakra (að),v. toflutterwiththewings. bland,n.(1) mixture;íb.viðe-n, in companywith;íb.meðe-m, among;(2) sexualintercourse (hafakonuíb.=tillags við sik).

blanda (blend; blétt, bléndum; blandinn),v. toblend,mix,e-te-u, with athing (b.mjöð,drykk,eitri);b.e-t saman, tomixtogether (b.samanhvíttok rautt);morecommon,b.e-uviðe-t;b. vatniviðvín, tomixwinewithwater;b. mötuneyti(dat.,)viðe-n, toeattogether withone;refl.,blandastviðe-n, tohave intercoursewithone,esp.ofsexualintercourse(blandastviðkonurafheiðnum þjóðum).

blanda (að), v. = prec. blanda,f. mixtureoftwofluids (fór fyrstórblóð,síðanblanda),esp. sour whey mixed with water. blandan, f. mixing, blending. blandinn,pp.(cf.‘blanda’,v.) mixed; Helgivarb.mjök, hadamixedcreed;hón erblandinmjök, sheisawomanofmixed report.

blauðast (að), v. refl., = bleyðast.

blauð-hugaðr,a.=blauthugaðr; -liga, adv. cowardly. blauðr,a.(1) weak,cowardly;bíðnú,ef þúerteigib., ifthouartnotacoward;(2) feminine,opp.to‘hvatr’,butonlyusedof animals,dogs,cats,fishes;hafitnúhendráhundinum,þóttb.sé, takethedog, though it be a bitch.

blaut-barn,n.,inthephrase,frá -barnsbeini=fráblautubarnsbeini,see ‘blautr’; -fiskr,m. freshfish; -holdr, a. havingsoft,smoothflesh (mærinvar vænok-hold); -hugaðr,a. faint-hearted (opposedto‘harðhugaðr’); -klæddr,pp. clothedinsoftraiment (eðavildutþérsjá -klæddanmann?); -leikr,m. softness; -lendr,a. soft,moist-soiled; -liga,adv. effeminately (klæddr-liga); -ligr,a. soft, voluptuous (blautligirkossar)blautlig kvæði, amorous ditties. blautr,a.(1) soft (b.semsilkiræma); b.fiskr, freshfish,opp.to‘harðrfiskr’; fráblautubarnsbeini, fromverybabyhood;(2) effeminate,timorous,weak (fár ergamallharðr,efhanneríbernskub.); (3) wet,soaked (þarvóruvellirblautir,því at regn höfðu verit).

blá-ber,n. blueberry,bilberry; -brúnaðr,a. bluishbrown; -djúp,n. theblue deepsea; -eygðr, -eygr,a. blue-eyed; -fastr,a. quiteimmovable; -fáinn, -fár,a. withabluishpolish; -feldr,m. cloakofbluefur; -flekkóttr,a. speckled withblue; -hvítr,a. bluishwhite; -kápa, f. bluecloak; -kinn,f. bluecheek; -klæddr,pp. dressedinblue; -leitr,a. bluefaced,black-faced; -lendingr,m. Ethiopian; -lenzkr,a. Ethiopian,from Bláland,Ethiopia; -maðr,m. ablack man, negro. bláman, f. the livid colour of a bruise.

blá-mengdr, -mengjaðr,a. blue-mingled; -merktr, pp. marked with blue. blámi, m. lividness, = bláman.

blána (að),v. tobecomeblueorlivid (þrútna ok b. í andliti).

blár,a.(1) blue,livid (b.okbóðugr); (2) black (b.semkol);faldablá, towrap the head in black. blá-rendr,a. blue-striped (-rendar brœkr).

blása (blæs; blés, blésum; blásinn),v.(1) toblow,ofthewind; blásandibyrr, aspankingbreeze;(2) to blowwiththemouth (hannblésíkrossyfir drykksínum); topant (hestrinntókat frýsaokb.);b.við, todrawadeepbreath, tosigh (jarlblésþáviðmœðiliga);fig., b.mótie-m, tobeunfavourablydisposed towardsone;(3)withdat., tosetinmotionbyblowingorbreathing;blésmœðiligaöndinni, breathedhard;b.e-me-uíbrjóst, toinspire,suggestathingtoone (guð bléshenniþvííbrjóst);b.eldi,eitri,of serpents;(4) toblowwithamusicalinstrument;b.lúðri,horni, toblowthetrumpet, horn;b.liði (troops) tillandgöngu;b.til stefnu, toameeting;b.herblástr, tosound analarm;(5) tomelt,cast (b.gullmálm, rauða);yxntveiróreiriblásnir (cast);(6) toblowup,inflate (sembelgrblásinn);(7) impers.,blésuppfótinn,kviðinn, theleg, belly,swelledup;ofland, tobelaidbare, strippedoftheturf (hafðiblásithauginn ok lá silfrit bert).

blásari,m. blowerofatrumpetorhorn. blá-silfr,n. badsilver,opp.to‘skírt silfr’.

blásinn,pp.(1) inflated (belgrb.);(2) swollen (sýndistfótrinnb.);(3) stripped ofturf,bare,barren (mel-torfablásin mjök).

blá-stafaðr,a. blue-striped (segl blástafat).

blástr (gen. blástrar and blástar, dat. blæstri and blæsti),m.(1) blast, blowingofthewind;(2) blowingofananimal,hissingofaserpent (heyrðiblást drekanna);(3) breathing,breath (málit gøristafblæstrinum);(4) blastofatrumpet;(5) blowingofabellows;(6) swellingof the body or a limb, mortification. blástr-belgr,m. bellows; -horn,n. trumpet,horn; -járn,n. blastiron (cast, notwrought); -pipa,f. flute; -samr,a. windy; -svalr, a. cold-blowing. blá-svartr,a. raven-black; -tönn,f. blue-black tooth, a nickname.

bleðgi or blegði, m. wedge, plug.

bleðja (bleð, bladda, bladdr),v.(1) topickoff (leavesorfruit);fig. tokilloff onebyone (b.hirðina or b.hirðinaaf);(2) totearasunder (b.klæðisín);(3) tocover, as with a leaf (b. ásjónuna).

bleik-álóttr,a. fawn-colouredwitha darkstripedowntheback (-álóttrhestr); -hárr,a. fair-haired; -hvítr,a. yellowish white.

bleikja (-ta, -tr),v. tobleach (b. lérept);b.haddasína, towashthehair (said of women).

bleikja, f. chalk or white clay. bleikr,a. pale,whitish;bleikthár, fair hair;b.áhár, fair-haired; (wan,pallid) ok blóðlauss;b.semnár, deadlypale;b.sem bast, pale as bast.

blek, n. ink; -horn, n. inkstand. blekki-liga,adv. delusively; -ligr,a. delusive (blekkiligerþessaheimshamingja).

blekking, f. derision, fraud. blekkinga-maðr, m. deceiver. blekkingar-andi, m. lying spirit.

blekkja (-ta, -tr),v. toimposeupon, deceive;refl.,blekkjast, tobedisappointed.

blek-skortr, m. lack of ink. blendingr,m.(1) blending,mixture; (2) abeinghalfmanandhalfgiant (b.en ekki fullkomit troll).

blesóttr,a. havingablazeorwhite mark, on the forehead (b. hestr).

blest-mæltr, blestr, a. lisping. bletsa (að), v. = bleza. bleyða, f. craven, = bleyðimaðr. bleyða (-dda, -ddr),v. todishearten, humble (efþúbleyðirhjartaþitt);refl., bleyðast, toloseheartorcourage (=verða blauðr).

bleyði,f. cowardice; -maðr,m. coward; -mannligr,a. cowardly,craven; -mark,n. markofcowardice; -orð,n. chargeofcowardice;leggja-orðatbaki e-m, tochargeonewithbeingacoward (blauðr);berableyðiorðfyrire-m, tobe called a coward by one. bleyta, f. mud, mire. bleyta (-tta, -ttr),v. tomakesoft, moisten (b.húð);b.hjarta,skaphöfne-s, to soften one’s heart, temper. bleza (að),v. tobless (blezaðiguðþá hinnsjaundadaginn);alsowithdat.(guð blezaði bæði fuglum ok fiskum).

blezaðar-fullr, a. rich in blessing. blezan, f. blessing, benediction. blezanar-andi,m. spiritofblessing; -orð, n. pl. words of blessing. bliat or bliaz,n. akindofcostlystuff (for. word).

blik,n.(1) gleam,sheen;(2) bleaching (liggja á bliki); (3) vizor of a helmet. blika (að),v. togleam,twinkle (of shields).

blik-hvítr,a. white-gleaming (ofa

shield).

blikna (að),v. togrow(turn)paleor pallid (b. af hræzlu, hugleysi).

bliknan, f. growing pale. blikra (að),v.impers.,e-mblikrar, one feels uneasy or anxious. blinda (að),v. toblind,deriveofsight (dróttinnblindaðiauguþeirra);hann blindarsjálfansikallrasanninda, he blinds himself lo all truth. blindi, f. blindness. blindingr, m. hidden peg, dowel. blind-leiki, -leikr, m. blindness. blindr,a. blind;b.báðumaugum, blindofbotheyes;hannháfðiveritb. borinn, bornblind;withgen.,b.ens saunaume-t, blindastothetruthorrealityaboutathing;e-mere-tblint, itis obscure,hiddentoone;Einarrlétsérþat blint vera, E. professed ignorance about it. blíða,f. friendliness,gentleness;hófst þáennatnýjub. (friendlyrelations) með þeim mágum.

blíða (-dda, -ddr), v. = blíðka. blíðast (að), v. refl. = blíðkast. blíðindi, n. pl. comforts, delights. blíðing, f. enticement, allurement. blíðka (að),v. tosoften,mitigate (b. e-nmeðgjöfum);refl.,blíðkast, togrow mild;b.e-m, toinsinuateoneselfintoone’s favour. blíðkan, f. caressing, caresses. blíð-látr,a. displayingfriendlinessor kindness; -leikr,m.(1) friendliness,gentleness;(2) mildness,blaminess (-leikr loptsins); -leitr,a. ofmildcountenance; -liga,adv. kindly,withkindness (taka, fagnae-m-liga); -ligr,a.(1) gentle, friendly (-ligríyfirbragði);(2) delightful; -lundabr,a. ofgentledisposition; -leati,n. caressing; -mæli,n.pl. fair

words,blandishments; -mæltr,a. affable, bland.

blíðr,a.(1) gentle,friendly (verab.ok þekkrviðmenn);(2) plesant,agreeable; þaterþérblíðara, thatpleasesyoubetter; (3) mild, balmy (blítt veðr).

blíðskapar-orð, n. friendly word. blíð-skapr (-ar),m. friendliness,kindness; caresses (eiga -skap með konu).

blíðu-bragð,n. friendlymien (=blítt yfirbragð); caressing; -fullr, a. friendly. blíð-viðri,n. mildweather; -yrði,pl., = blíðmæli.

blígja (-ða, -t),v. togaze (blígjaaugum).

blíkja (blík; bleik, bliku;-),v.an obsolete verb, = blika.

blístra, f. the mouthpiece of bellows. blístra (að),v. towhistle;b.ísporem or e-s, towhistleafteronewhohasrun away. blístran,f. whistling (withthe mouth).

blota-maðr, m. effeminate person. blotna (að),v. tobecomesoftormoist; fig., togiveway,yield (b.viðe-t,fyrirem).

blóð,n.(1) blood;rannhonummjökb., helostmuchblood; nema (taka)e-mb., tobleedone;vekjae-mb., todrawblood ofone;gangablóði, tohaveahemorrhage ordysentery,blandabloðisaman, toenter intofoster-brothershipbymixingbloodtogether; (2) offspring, blood-relations. blóð-band,n. bandagetostopbleeding, esp.pl.(-bönd); -bogi,m. gushorjet ofblood; -bolli,m.=blótbolli; -drefjar,f.pl. scatteringofblood; -dreif,f. sprinkling(streak)ofblood; -drekkr,m. onewhodrinksblood; -drif,n. flowingof blood; -dropi,m. dropofblood; -drykk-

ja,f. drinkofblood; -drög,n.pl.,= -dreif; -fall, n. hemorrhage.

blóðfalls-sótt,f. thebloodyflux, dysentery.

blóð-flekkr,m. fleckorstainofblood; -fors,m. gushofblood; -fullr,a. fullof blood.

blóðga (að),v. tomakebloody,tosmear withblood;refl.,blóðgast, tobecome bloody.

blóð-kýll,m. blood-bag;fig., bloodsucker; -lauss,a. bloodless; -lát,n.(1) lossofblood;(2) blood-letting,bleeding; -látinn,pp. (thathasbeen)bled; -lifr, f. clottedblood; -ligr,a. bloody; -lœkr, m. streamofblood; -maðkr,m. maggot bredinputrefyingblood; -nætr,f.pl. ‘blood-nights’,intheprov.,‘blóð-nætr eruhverjumbráðastar’,referringtothe fiercedesiretorevengeahomicidenewly committed; -ormr,m.poet. ‘blood-serpent’,sword; -rauðr,a. blood-red; -rás, f. hemorrhage; -refill,m. pointofa sword; -reiðr,a. verywrathful (= dreyrrauðrafreiði); -reitr,m. fieldof blood; -rekinn,pp. stainedwithblood; -risa,a. indecl.bruisedandblootly (blár okblóðrisa); -segi or -sigi,m. clotof blood; -sjúkr, a. dysenteric. blóðs-litr, m. colour of blood. blóð-sótt,f. dysentery; -spýga,f. spitting of blood. blóðs-teigr, m. = blóðreitr. blóð-stjarna,f. thebloodystar,Venus; -stokkinn,pp. bespatteredwithblood; -storkinn,a. stiffwithgore,gory; -straumr, m. stream of blood. blóðs-úthelling,f. sheddingofblood. blóð-tjörn, f. pool of blood. blóðugr (acc. blóðgan), a. bloody. blóð-vaka,f. drawingofblood (svá

hart,at-vakayrði);cf.‘vekjae-mblóð’; -varmr,a. warm-blooded; -ær,f. aewe fitforslaughter; -örn,m. ‘bloodeagle’,in thephrase,rísta-örnábakie-m,acruelmethodofputtingcapturedenemies todeathintheheathentimes; -øx,f. ‘bloody axe’, a nickname. blóm,n. bloom,blossom,flower;fig.,í œsku blómi, in the flower of youth. blóma-kinn,f. ‘redcheek’,anickname; -ligr,a. blooming,shining; -mikill, a. rich-blossoming. blómandi,pr.p. blooming,flourishing (b. grös).

blóma-samligr, a. = blómaligr. blóm-berandi,pr.p., -beranligr,a. bloom-bearing, flourishing. blómga (að),v. tofertilize;refl.,blómgast, toblossom,bloom;fig., tothrive, flourish,prosper (réttirsiðirskyldub.fagrligaumnorðrlönd); blómgaðr,pp. whichhasblossomsuponit; blómgan,f. thefactofbloomingorflourishing; blómgandi,pr.p., blómganligr,a. blooming, flourishing. blómi,m.=blóm;fig.,standa(vera) meðblóma,miklumblóma, tothrive, prosper,flourish;íblómaaldrssíns, inthe flower of his age. blómstr (-rs),m.=blóm(allan akrsins b.).

blóra-maðr,m. apersontoputthe blame upon. blót,n.(1) sacrifice,sacrificialfeastor banquet (efna,eflab.);(2) idolworship ingeneral;(3) idol,=blœti(öllb.braut hann niðr); (4) swearing, cursing. blóta (blœt; blét, blétum; blótinn),v.(1) toworship,toworship withsacrifice,withacc.ofthatwhichis worshipped;b.hof,lund,fors,heiðit

goð,álfa,heiðnarvættir,lifandimenn, to worshiptemple,grove,waterfall,&c.;very rarewithdat.(b.goðum);(2) tosacrifice, withdat.oftheobjectsacrificed(b.mönnumokfé);absol.,b.tilfriðar,sigrs,langlífis,árs,byrjar, tomakeasacrificefor peace,victory,longlife,goodseason,fair wind.

blóta (að),v.(1)=blóta(blœt,&c.); (2) tocurse,withdat.=‘banna’(biðþú fyrþeim,erþérblóta);absol., toswear; refl., blótast, to go about swearing. blótan,f.(1) sacrificing;(2) cursing, swearing. blót-auðigr,a. richinsacrifices (auðigthof); -biskup,m. heathenpriest; -bolli,m. sacrificialbowl; -dómr,m. idolatry; -drykkja,f. sacrificialfeast; -fé,n. sacredoraccursedgoods; -girni, f. inclinationforidolatry; -goði,m. heathensacrificingpriest; -gröf,f. sacrificial pit; -guð,n. heathengod; -gyðja,f. heathenpriestess; -haugr,m. sacrificial moundorcairn; -hof,n. heathentemple; -hús,n. heathenhouseofworship; -höfðingi,m. heathenchief; -hörgr, m. stonealtarforsacrifice; -kalfr,m. calfworshippedwithsacrifices; -kennimaðr,m. heathenpriest; -klæði,n.pl. garmentswornatsacrifices; -kona,f. idolatress; -koppr,m.=-bolli; -lundr,m. sacredgrove,heathenplaceofsacrifice; -maðr,m. heathenworshipper,idolater; -matr,m. foodeatenatthesacrificial feast.

blótnaðr,m. sacrificingtoheathen Gods, idolatry. blót-naut,n.(1) anoxworshippedas inidol;(2) abulltobesacrificed; -neyti, n.(rare)=-naut; -risi,m. agiantworshipped as an idol.

blótskapar-tími,m. thetimeofheathenism.

blót-skapr (-ar),m.(1) heathenworship,idolatry;(2) thingsbelongingtoworship;(3) sacrifice; -skógr,m. sacredor sacrificialforest; -spánn,m. chipusedin divination;fella-spán, toconsultthegods; -staðr,m. aplaceofheathensacrifice; -stallr,m. heathenorsacrificialaltar; -tré,n. sacredtree; -stöpull,m. apillaronwhichanidolstands; -trygill,m. smallsacrificialtrough (trog); -veizla,f. sacrificialbanquet; -viðr,m.=-lundr; -villa,f. heathenishoridolatrousheresy; -völlr, m. heathen sacrificial field. blunda (að),v. toshuttheeyes (b. báðum augum).

blundr,m. dozing,slumber (occursasa nickname).

blundshaka (að),v. toblinkwiththe eyes; stafir,m.pl. soporiferousrunes; bregða stöfum, to break the slumberspells. blygð,f. shame; blygða (að),v. toput to shame, seduce. blygðarlauss, a. blameless. blys, n. torch. blý,n. lead (søkkvasemb.); -band, n. leadenband; -kleppr,m. plummet; -ligr,a. leaden; -skeyti,n. leadenmissile; -steyptr,pp. castinlead; -stika, f. leadencandlestick; -stokkr,m. leaden box; -þekja (see þekja),v. toroofwith lead; þungi, m. leaden weight. blæja,f.(1). finecolouredcloth (hon hafðiknýttumsikblæjuokvóruímörk blá);(2) coverofabed;komaundireina blæju, tobemarried;(3) burialsheet (sviptihonblæjuafSigurði);(4) coverof an altar table.

blæju-endi,m. theendofa ‘blæja’; -horn,n. cornerofa b.; -hvalr,m. a

kind of whale.

blær,m. gentlebreeze,puffofair;kenna blæ (to feel a draught) á andliti sér.

blœða (-dda, -tt),v. tobleed;blœddu nasarhans, hewasbleeding,atthenose; impers.,e-mblœðir, onebleedsorloses blood (engum blœdi hans manna). blœsma,a.indecl. atheat (ofewesand goats).

blœti, n. a thing worshiped, idol. blöðrusótt, f. stone in the bladder. blöskra (að),v. toblinkwiththeeyes, to,flinch (hannblöskraðiekki);alsoimpers., e-m blöskrar. boð,n.(1) bid,offer;bjóðab.fyriren, tomakebidsoroffersforone;hvater íboði, whatistheoffer;eigab.ájörð, to havetherightofbeingofferedanestate,beforeitissoldtoanother;(2) banquet,weddingfeast;hafae-níboðisínu, toentertainoneatone’sfeast;fóruþeirallirtil boðsins, totheweddingfeast;(3) bidding, order,commandment;gangaundirb.e-s, tosubmittoone’sbidding;eptirboðie-s, atorbyone’sorder;(4) message;gerae-m b., tosendtoone,sendoneword; asummons,asignortokenofsummons,being anarrow,axeortheliketocallpeopleto battle or council (hefja boð).

boða (að),v.(1) toannounce,proclaim; b.kristni, topreachChristianity;b.helga trú, toproclaimtheholyfaith;(2) tobid, order,withdat.,konungrboðaðihonum ásinnfund or tilsín, thekingbadehim cometohim;b.e-msaman, tocalltogether,tosummon;(3) tobode,signify (hvat þetta mundi b.).

boða-fall,n. dashofabreaker (boði) on a reef or shoal. boðan,f. announcement,preaching,proclaiming (boðannafnshans);hátíðdrót-

tinligrarboðanar, thefeastoftheAnnunciation.

boðanar-nótt,f.,nóttsællarguðs móðurMarie, thenightbeforetheAnnunciationoftheVirginMary; -tíð,f. timeof announcement. boðari, m. proclaimer, announcer. boða-slóð,f. thesurfofbreakers (cf. ‘boði’ 2).

boð-burðr,m. carrying,ofthemessage arrow (cf.‘boð’4); -fall,n. neglectto sendonthe boð(4); -fasta,f. afastorderedbythecanonicallaw; -ferð,f. the courseofa boð(4); -greizla,f.= boðburðr.

boði,m.(1) announcer,messenger (cf. ‘sendiboði,fyrirboði’);(2) abreaker (on hidden rocks).

boðinn,pp.(cf.‘bjóða’),verab.ok búinntiles, tobereadyandwillingtodo a thing.

boð-leggja (see leggja),v.=lögbjóða; -leið,f.=-ferð; -ligr,a. fitto beoffered; -orð,n. order,bidding,commandment (guðs -orð).

boðorða-breytni,f. alterationofan ordinance; -brot,n. breach (neglect) of an order; -maðr, m. public officer. boð-reizla,f.=boðgreizla; -rífr,a. ready to make an offer. boðs-fólk, n. guests, = boðsmenn.

boð-skapr (-ar),m. bidding,order; -skopti,m.=-slotti; -skurðr,m. message,summonstoameeting; -sletta,f., -slotti,m. intruderatafeast,uninvited guest; -slóð, f. = boðleið.

boðs-maðr, m. guest at a feast. boð-sœmiligr,a. fitforwearingata feast (-sœmilig klæði).

boga-háls,m. thetipofabow (bogi), wherethestring,isfastened; -mynd,f.

formofabow; -skot,n. bowshot,shooting withabow; -strengr,m. bowstring; -vápn, n. bow (used as a weapon).

bogi,m.(1) bow;skjótaafboga, toshoot withabow (cf.álmbogi,handbogi,hornbogi,lásbogi,ýbogi);(2) arch (ofa bridge),vault;fig.,beramálórboga, to disentangleacase;(3) gush,jet (cf. ‘blóðbogi’).

boginn,pp.(fromaloststrongverb, bjúga), bowed,bent,curved;b.afelli, bent with age. bog-limir,m.pl. ‘curvedlimbs’,arms andlegs; maðr,m. bowman,archer; mannliga, adv. bowmanlike. bogmanns-merki,n.thezodiacalsign Sagittarius.

bogna (að),v.(1) tobecomecurved,to bend;(2) togiveway,yield (b.við,b.fyrir eu).

bogra (að),v. tocreepalongbowedor stooping;þáborubograrhanninn, he creepsinthroughthathole;b.fyrire-m, to bow before one. bog-styrkr,a. strongatthebow; sveigir,m. bowswayer,archer (cf.sveigjaboga’).

bokki,m. ‘buck’,fellow;Höttrheitiek, b.sæll, mydearfellow!;stœrribokkar, bigger men. bokkr, m. = bukkr. bola (að),v. tocuttopieces (b.ísundr, brytja ok bola).

bol-fimligr, a. agile of body. bolgara-land, n. Bulgaria. bolgarar, m. pl. the Bulgarians. bol-hlíf, f. covering for the body. boli, m. bull, = graðungr.

bol-járn, n. = boløx.

bol-klæði, n. pl. body-garments. bolli,m.(1) smallvessel,bowl;(2) a

measure = ¼ askr. bolr,m.=bulr;(1) theboleortrunkofa tree;(2) thetrunkofthebody;gangamillibolsokhöfuðsáe-m, topassbetween one’s trunk and head, to slay one. bols-vöxtr, m. = bolvöxtr. bolungr, m. = bulungr. bol-vöxtr,m. thegrowth,formofthe body (farþúafklæðumokvileksjávöxt þinn).

bol-øx, f. woodaxe. bops,n. bump,thump (mikitfall,sváat b. kvað í skrokkinum).

bora,f. bore,hole; bora (að),v. to bore,toboreholesin;b.rauf, toborea hole;refl.,borastfram, topushone’sway through a crowd. borð,n.(1) board,plank;(2) thesideof aship (hlóðuskipinsemb.báru);borð ástjórn=stjórnborði;hlaupa(steypast, detta)fyrirb., overboard;mikillborði, prop.=borðhár,borðmikill,ofaship floatinghighoutofthesea,fig., proud ofmind (=skapstórr);berae-n(hlutes,mále-s)fyrirborð, toneglect,slight one;verða(allr)fyrirborðborinn,verða allrfyrirborði, tobe(quite)thrownoverboard,i.e. slighted;gangaatborðiviðen, tosubmit,yieldto,tocometotermswith one;e-nbrestráborði, onefails,isbeaten;áannatborð, ontheotherhand; otherwise,else;þykkirveraharðráannatb., a hardonetopullagainst;(3) theinnermarginofavesselbetweentherimandtheliquid (ernúgottberandib.áhorninu);(4) board,table (usedformeals);fara,ganga, komatilborðs or undirb., togo,cometo table;setjastyfirb.,undirb., tositdown attable;sitjayfirb. or borðum, tositat table;rísa(standaupp)fráborði, torise fromtable;ryðjab., toclearthetable;þjó-

nafyrirborðum, towaitattable;setjaemb., tosetatablebeforeone;borðeru uppi or upptekin, thetablesaresetup; but‘borðeruupptekin’mayalsomean thetablesareremoved,=borðeruofan; (4) board,food,maintenanceattable (veita,haldae-mb.);(5) chessboard;bjóðaem undir b., to invite one to play at chess. borða (að),v.(1) tositdownattable; (2) tosetatable,serveup (b.fyrirþurftugum).

borða-hríð,f. thetimethatameal lasts; -munr,m. differenceintheheightof ships; -stund,f.=-hríð; -víti,n. tablesconce.

borð-búnaðr,m. table-service (cloth, dishes,&c.); -diskr,m. dish,plate; -dúkr,m. tablecloth; -fastr,a. maintainedatone’stable; -fjöl,f. thinboard; fœri,n.inthephrase,takasérfœri= gangaørnasinna(1); hald,n. taking, food,maintenanceattable; hár,a. rising highoutofthesea (ofaship); hús,n. a roomwheretheplateiskept; hæð,f. the heighit of a ship out of the water.

borði,m. textilefabric,tapestry (tjalda höll,kirkju,borða)sláborða,rekja borða, toweave;sitjaviðborða, tosit weaving;byrðaetáborða, toornamenttapestry with figures woven in it.

borð-ker,n. acupusedattable; -kista,f. aboxforkeepingthetableservice; -klerkr,m. clericalattendantat table; -knífr,m. tableknife; -lægr,a., (viðr, timber) fitforcuttingintoplanks; -maðr,m. table-companion; -mikill,a. =-hár; -munr,m.=borðamunr; -prestr,m. apriestwhosaysgraceatabishop’stable; -prýði,f. ornamentsofatable; -sálmr,m. ‘boardpsalm’,grace; -skutill,m. asmallmovabletable,esp.fora

single person.

borðs-tilganga,f. goingtotable (at mealtimes).

borð-stokkr, m. gunwale. borð-sveinn,m. attendantattable, waiter; -tafl,n. chessboard; -veggr,m. aplankwall; -vegr,m.=-stokkr; -vers, n. verseofgrace (cf.borðsálmr); -viðr, m. boards,planks; -þak,n. coveringof planks; -þakiðr,pp. covered,linedwith planks; -þili, n. the bulwarks of a ship. borg (-ar, -ir),f.(1) asmalldomeshapedhill;(2) stronghold,fortification, castle; (3) fortified town, city. borga (að),v. tobeasurety,guarantee, for;b.e-me-t, toguaranteesomethingto one;b.fyriren, tobecomeboundfor,tobe securityfor (anzaeklítt,þótiþújátirat lúka, ef engi borgar fyrir þik).

borgan,f. guarantee,surety,security; ganga í b. fyrir en = borga fyrir en. borganar-maðr,m. aguarantee,a surety.

borgar-armr,m. arm,wingofafort; -auðn,f. destructionofacastleorfortified town; -gata,f. aroadleavingtoa borg; -greifi,m. burggrave,governorofatown; -gørð,f.buildingofafort; -hlið,n. gateofafort; -hreysi,n. ruinsofafort; -höfðingi, m. leading citizen. borgari,m. inhabitantofa borg, burgher. borgar-klettr,m. arockonwhicha fortisbuilt; -kona,f. townswoman; -lið, n. garrison; -lím,n. lime for buildinga fort; -lýðr,m. townsfolk; -maðr,m.(1) garrisoner;(2) townsman,citizen;(3) fellowcitizen (maðrengla); -múgr,m. the mobofacity; -múrr,m. city-wall; -port, n.=-hlið; -siðr,m. citymanners,urbanity; -smíð,f. buildingofafortortown;

-staðr,m. siteofatown; -veggr,m. wall of a fort or town. borga-skipan, f. a list of cities. borg-firzkr,a. belongingtothedistrict Borgarfjörðr, in the west of Iceland. borg-hlið, f. = borgarhlið. borgin-orðr,a. cautiousinwords,reserved.

borgit,pp.n.,frombjarga;e-merb., oneissafe;eraheraatborgnaraþótthœnaberiskjöld, ahareisnonethebetteroff than a hen shield him. borg-staðr, m. = borgarstaðr. borg-veggr, m. = borgarveggr. botn (gen. botns or botz,pl. botnar),m.(1) bottom (ofavessel,ofahaycock,ofthesea);(2) theheadofabay, firth,lake,valley (fjarðar-,vatns-,dalsbotn).

botn-hola,f. pit,inthephrase,vera kominn í -holu, to have got into a scrape. bóandi, m., see ‘búandi’. bófi,m. knave,rogue,usedasanickname.

bógr (gen. bógar,dat. bœgi;pl. bœgir,acc. bógu),m. shoulder (ofananimal).

bók (gen.bókarandbœkr;pl.bœkr),f. (1) beech,beechtree;(2)poet. textilefabricwithfigureswoveninit (bœkrþínar enarbláhvítu);(3) book;lesaáb., toread abook;ritaáb.,setjaábœkr, tosetdown inwriting,toputonrecord;kunna(festa) etútanbókar, toknow(toget)byheart; heilögb., thedivinebook,theBible;(4) thegospel (vinnaeiðatbók;cf. ‘bókareiðr’);(5) Latin;kennae-mábók, toteachoneLatin;nemaáb., tolearn Latin;setjaentilbókar, toputoneto school (inordertomakehimapriest); hannheitiráb.(inLatin)Jaskonius;svá

segir(ersagt)íbókum (inLatinbooks); (6) lawbook,codeoflaw (lögbók,Jónsbók).

bóka (að),v. toaffirmbyoathonthe book (Gospel); bókaðr eiðr = bókareiðr.

bóka-fullting,n. helpderivedfrom books; -gørð, writing(transcription)of books; -kista,f. book-box; -lán,n. lendingofbooks; -lesning,f., lestr,m. readingof(Latin)books; -list,f. booklore.

bókar-blað,n. leafofabook; -eiðr, m. oathuponthegospel; -eiðstafr,m. wordingofa bókareiðr; -gørð,f. bookwriting; -lag,n. lawfulpricefixedinthe code; -skeyting,f. conveyanceofanestatebyhelpoftheIawbook; -tak,n. the touchingofthegospel (intakinganoath); -verð,n. thepriceofabook; -vitni,n. evidenceconfirmedbya bókareiðr(= bókat vitni).

bóka-skilningr, m. book-learning. bóka-stóll,m. areading,desk,lectern. bók-fell,n. parchment,vellum; -fróðr,a. book-learned; -frœði,f. bookknowledge,book-lore,learning; -lauss,a. bookless,unscholarly; -laust,adv. by heart (allarritningarhelgamanhann laust); -lestr,m.=bókalestr; -ligr,a. literary;ligarlistir, theliberalarts; -list, book-lore,learng; -lærðr,pp. booklearned; -mál,n.(1) booklanguage, learnedlanguage,Latin (ábóknamek aldriokeigiheyrðaekfrámálisagt);(2) thecanonlaw;blótþau,semfyrirboðin eruatmáli, inthecanonofthechurch; (3) theJustiniancalendar;atmáli, accordingtothecalendar; -mánaðr,m. calendar month,opp.totheIcel.months; -nám, n. booktraining,study (veraatnámi,setja entilnáms); -næmi,n.=nám; -rúnar,

f.pl. runesengravedonbeechwood; -saga, f. writtennarrative; -setja (see setja), v. tocommittowriting; -skygn,a. seeing wellenoughtoreadabook; -speki,f. book-wisdom,book-knowledge; -stafr, m. character,letter; -sögn,f.=-saga; -tal,n.=-mál3; -vit,n. learning,erudition; -víss, a. = -lærðr.

ból,n.(1) lairorlyingplace (ofbeasts andcattle);(2) couch,bed (tókusumir heyhjálmanökkuraokgerðúusérafb.); (3) farm,esp.inNorway,=bólstaðr,bœr, jörð.

bóla,f.(1) thebossofashield;(2) blain, botch.

ból-festa,f. estateheldbyalease, leasehold.

bólginn,a. swollen;b.bræði,b.af reiði, swollen with anger.

bólgna (að),v. toswell,become swollen.

bólna-sótt,f.(1) diseaseofblains or boils; (2) smallpox.

bólstaðar-gørð,f. thebuildingofa homestead.

ból-staðr,m.(1) abode,homestead (hón í þar staði mikla); (2) farm. bólstr (gen. bólstrs,pl. bólstrar), m. bolster, pillow (hníga við bólstri). bón, f. request, petition = bœn.

bónar-maðr, m. beggar-man. bónda-bani,m. slayerofawoman’s husband; -dóttir,f. daughterofa bóndi; -eiðr,m. a bóndi’s oathofallegiance; -far, a bóndi’s ferryboat; -fé,n. district fund; -fólk,n. peasantry,farmers; -fylking,f. hostofpeasants; -herr,m. armyofpeasants; -hlutr,m. onefourth ofthetithetobedistributedamongthe peasants; -kirkja,f. thechurchbelonging tothe bóndi inThingvalla; -kirkju-

garðr,m. thechurchyardbelongingtothe kirkja; -lauss,a. husbandless,widowed; -lið,n.=-herr; -múgr,m. crowd,hostof peasants; -nafn,n. thename,titleof bóndi; -réttr,m. therightofa bóndi; -safnaðr,m.=bónda-múgr; -skapr,m. the estateofthe bœndr,opp.totheclergy; -son,m. sonofa bóndi; -tala,f.,vera í-tölu, tobecountedamong bœndr; -ungi,m. youngfarmer; -val,n. theéliteof bœndr;varþágottval, therewerechoice bœndr tobefound; -ætt,f. a bóndi’s extraction (hann er ættar).

bóndi (pl. bœndr,gen. bónda),m.(1) husbandman,farmer,peasant (dóttireins lítilsbónda); ayeoman,franklin, landowner (hinirstœrribœndr);(2) master,headofahousehold (=húsbóndi);(3) husband (núerb.dauðr,enkonalifireptir).

bón-hús,n.=bœnhús(rare); -leið,f. beggingpath;faraleið, togobeggingfrom housetohouse; -orð,n.(1) request,petition;(2) wooing,courtship;hefja,vekja orð, to make a proposal. bónorðs-ferð, -för,f. wooingjourney;fara-för, togoawooing; -mál,n. the business of wooing. bón-ríki,n. importunityorpersistence in begging. bót (pl. bœtr,alsopoet. bótir),f.(1) bettering,cure,remedy;fáb.sinnameina, togetcureforone’sevils;ráðae-ub.,ráða esbœtr, toremedy,retrieve;vinnae-mb., torelieveone (insickness);bíðaesb., to getover,recover (aloss,misfortune);beraettilbóta, toamend;þóttimikillabótaávant,at; muchseemedwantingthat; etberrtilbóta(impers.), itisacomfort, satisfaction;(2) atonement,compensation, esp.pl.=mannbœtr, weregild;sœtar

syndirverðaatsárumbótum, sweetsins areturnedtosorepenance;(3) patch (svört bót var á millum herða honum).

bóta-lauss,a. withoutredressorcompensation (hafasárlaust;víginvórulaus); -maðr,m. apersonwhohastoreceive ‘bœtr’ forhurtanddamagesuffered (opp. to úbótamaðr); -verðr, a. worth redress. bóti, m. boot (for wearing).

bót-lausliga,adv. irreparably; -lauss,a. irreparable; -sama (að),v. to repair (samaumbúðir,hús); -þarfa,a. indecl. needing ‘bœtr’ or satisfaction. bót-leysi,n. ‘bootlessness’;lemjae-n til -leysis, past reparation. braga (að),v. toflicker,flash(ofthe northern lights).

bragar-full,n. toast,esp. atafuneral banquet; -laun, n. pl. gift for a poem. bragð,n.(1) suddenorbriskmovement; moment;bragðs,afbragði, atonce;af(or á)skömmubragði, shortly,quickly,ina shorttime;(2)fig.,inmanyphrases, verðafyrri(skjótari)atbragði, tomake thefirstmove,tobebeforehandwith (þeir hafaorðitfyrriatbragðiatstefnaenvér); veraíbragðimeðe-m,skerastíb.með e-m, tolendoneahelpinghand;takaet bragðsortilbragðs, totakesomestep (to getoutofdifficulties);úviturligtb., a foolishstep;úheyriligtb., anunheardof proceeding;gerðistþaratsvímikitb.,at, itwentsofarthat;lítitb.munþáat (it mustbeveryslight),efþúfinnrekki;(3) trick,scheme,device,chieflyinpl.;beitaenbröðum,hafabrögðviðen, todeal cunninlywith,imposeupon;ferratfornumbrögðum, intheoldway;búayfir brögðum, tobroodoverwiles;leikae-m b., toplayorserveoneatrick hefirhann miklubragðiáosskomit, hehasplayed

abadtrickuponus;(4) countenance,look, expression þannigertuíbragðisem, thou lookestasif;meðbetrabragði, inabetter mood;bleyðimannligríbragði, havingthe lookofacoward;Sturlagerðiþatb.á (madeasif),athannhefðifunditPál prest;(5) embroideredfigure (hekla saumuð öll brögðum).

bragða (að),v.(1) tomove,stir (þat bragðaralit,semkvikter);(2) toflicker, flash (of light).

bragða-drykkr, m. poisoned drink. bragða-karl, m. sly fellow. bragð-alr,m. ‘twirlingawl’,akindof fire-drill; bragðals-eldr,m. fireproduced by a bragðalr.

bragð-illr,a. ill-looking; -ligr,a. expedient,suitable; -mikill,a. expressivelooking; -samr,a. crafty; -vísi,f. craft, subtlety; -vísliga,adv. cunningly; -vísligr, a. cunning. bragnar, m. pl. poet. heroes, men. bragr,m.(1) poetry,=skáldskapr;(2) thebest,foremost (Ásabragr= Thor;bragr kvenna); most eloquent. brak, n. creaking noise, crack. braka (að),v. tocreak,crack (brakaði mjök í skipinu).

brakan, f. creaking, cracking. brakki,m., brakun,m. intermediary, broker.

branda-dyrr,f.pl. mainentrance, frontdoor,socalledbecauseofthe‘brandar’ (ships’beaks) fixedasornaments over or beside it.

brand-gás, f. common sheldrake. brand-krossi,m. thenamegiventoa brandkrossóttr uxi.

brand-krossóttr,a. brindledbrown with a white cross on the forehead. brandr (-s, -ar),m.(1) brand,fire-

brand (brandrafbrandibrennr);(2) ship’sbeak (=svíri);fellrbrattrbreki bröndumhæri, thewavesbreakhighabove the ‘brandar’;(3) ships’beaksputupasornamentsoverorateachsideofthechief entranceofdwellings (brandanaafknerrinumléthannsetjayfirútidyrrsínar); (4) thebladeofasword (brastsverðit undirhjaltinuokfórbrandrinngrenjandi niðr í ána).

brand-reið,f. gridiron,brander (steikja á -reið).

brand-øx, f. a sort of axe. branga, f. (Hamðismál 20)?

brasta (að),v. tobluster,swagger (þeir brasta illmikit).

bratt-gengni,f. skillinclimbing; -gengr,a. skilfulinclimbing; -leitr,a. withprominentforehead; -lendi,n. steep ground. brattr,a.(1) steep;bröttbrekka, a steepslope;brattarbárur, highwaves;berabratthalann, tocarrythetailhigh; reynthefiekfyrrbrattara, Ihavebeenin aworseplight;(2) sudden,=bráðr(brött fyrirætlan).

bratt-steinn, m. stone column. brauð,n. bread;hleifrbrauðs, aloafof bread.

brauð-bakstr,m. breadbaking; -diskr,m. breadplate; -gørð,f. breadmaking; -hleifr,m. aloafofbread; -járn,n. girdle,griddle (forbaking bread); -kass,m. bread-basket; -laupr, m., meiss,m. bread-box; -moli,m. crumbofbread; -ofn,m. bread-oven; -skífa,f. sliceofbread; -sufl,n. whatever is eaten with bread. braukun or brökun,f.? violentbehaviour (b. berserkja).

bráða-hola,f. aholewherethewild beasts, carry their prey (bráð).

bráða-hrið, f. sudden storm. bráða-lauss, withoutprey (haukar bráðalausir).

braðan, adv. soon, shortly, = brátt. bráða-sótt,f. suddenillness,plague; -þeyr, m. sudden thaw. bráð-dauði,m. sudeendeath; -dauðr, a.,inthephrasesverðadauðr, todiesuddenly; -endis,adv. ofasudden; -fara, a.indecl.,verða-fara, totravelinhaste; -feginn,a. exceedinglyglad; -feigligr, a. rushingtodeath; -fengis,adv. suddenly,atonce; -fengr,a. quicktoact, prompt; -geðr,a. hottempered,hasty (geðerbernskan); -gerr,a. maturedearly inlife,precocious; -gerviligr,a. ofearly

braut (pl. brautir),f.(1) road (cut throughrocks,forests,&c.);ryðjab., to cutaroad;(2)asadv. away,eitherwith orwithouttheprep.‘á’or‘í’(fara,ganga, komastb. or áb.,brauta;veraíb. or brautu;kastae-uíb.,hverfaíb.,veraíb. or brautu). Cf. brott, burt. braut, m. compds., see ‘brott’. brauta-mót, n. meeting of roads. brautar-gengi, n. help, furtherance. brautingi (-ja),m. awayfairer,tramp, begger;bráðerubrautingjaerendi, the wanderer’s errand is urgent. brá (gen. brár, pl. brár), f. eyelash. bráð,f. meat,rawflesh;varmarbráðir, the corpses of the newly slain. bráð, n. tar, pitch. bráð,f. haste,onlyusedinadverb. phrases,íb., soon,shortly,=bráðliga; bæði í b. ok lengðar, now and ever. bráða-bugr,m.,inthephrase,gøra -bugate-u, tohastentodoathing,do itwithoutdelay; -fangs,adv. atonce,= bráðfengis.

promise; -hættligr,a. mostdangeous; -kallaðr,pp.,verða-kallaðr, todiesuddenly; -kjörit,pp.n. hastilychosen; -komliga =bráðliga; -la,adv.=bráðliga.

bráð-lauss, a. not pitched. bráð-látinn,pp.=bráðdauðr; -látr, a. eager,impatient; -liga,adv. hastily,at once;-ligaer, assoonas; -ligr,a. sudden (-ligrdauði); -litit,pp.n.,gera-litit áe-t, tolookhastilyatathing; -lyndi, a. hottemper,hastiness; -lyndr,a. hottempered,hasty; -læti,n. impatience; -mælt, pp. n. hastily spoken. bráðna (að), v. to melt, of snow, &c. bráð-orðr, a. hasty of speech. bráðr (neut.brátt),a.(1) sudden (b. bani);(2) hasty,hottempered;þúhefir verithølztib. (tooeager,toorash) íþessu máli.

bráð-ráðinn,pp. hastilyorrashlydecided; -reiðr,a. verywrathfull; -ræði, n. rashness; -sjúkr,a. takensuddenlyill; -skapaðr,a. ofhastydisposition (=skapbráðr); -skeyti,n. hastiness,rashness; -skeytiligr,a. rash; -skeyttr,a. heedless, rash; -sýnn, a. seen at a glance. bráðum, adv. soon, shortly. bráðung,f. haste;bráðungarþarfvið, onemustmakehaste;afbráðungu, ina hurry.

bráð-þroskaðr,pp. earlymaturedor grown-up. brá-hvítr, a. with white eyelashes. bráss,m. cook? (tókuþeirbrásBúðla ok brugðu til knífi).

brátt, adv. soon; b. er, as soon as. breða-fönn,f. agreatheapordrifted mass of snow. bréf, n. letter, witten deed. bréfa (að),v. togiveanaccount,to

write (b. af e-u).

bréfa-bók,f. registerbook; -brot,n. breachofordinances; -gørð,f. letterwriting; -maðr,m. lettercarrier,publiccourier; -sveinn, m. letterboy. bréf-laust,adv. withoutawrittendocument.

bregða (bregð; brá, brugðum; brugðinn),v.withdat.(1) tocauseto move(quickly);b.sverði,knífi, todraw asword,knife;b.fingri,hendiíe-t, to put(thrust)thefinger,hand,into;hónbrá hárinuundirbeltisér, sheput(fastened) herhairunderherbelt;b.kaðliume-t, topassaroperoundathing;b.augum sundr, toopentheeyes;b.e-máeintal, totakeoneapart;b.sérsjúkum, tofeign illness;(2) todeviatefrom,disregard (vér höfumbrugðitafráðumþínum);(3) toalter,change;b.lit,litum, tochangecolour, toturnpale;b.e-míe-slíki, toturnone (byspell) intoanothershape (þúbráttþér ímerarlíki);(4) tobreakup,leaveoff, giveup;b.tjöldum, tostrikethetents; b.samvist, toleaveofflivingtogether;b. ráðahag, tobreakoffanengagement(wedding);b.boði, tocountermandafeast;b. sýslu, toleaveoffworking;b.svefni,blundi, toawake;b.tali, tobreakofftalking; b.orrustu,kaupi, tobreakoffabattle, bargain;(5) tobreak (b.trúnaði,heiti, sáttmáli);(6)b.e-me-u, toupbraid,reproachonewithathing (Kálfrbrámérþví ídag);(7)withprepp.,b.e-máloft, to liftonealoft;b.e-uá, togiveout,pretend (hannbrááþví,athannmundiríðavestr tilMiðfjarðar);absol.,b.áe-t, tobegin (suddenly)doingathing;b.áleik, tobegin playingorsporting;Kimbibráágaman, tookitplayfully,laughedatit;þeirbrugðu áglímuokáglens, theystartedwrestling

breiða B brekku-brún

andplaying;hestrinnbrááleik, brokeintoplay,ranaway;höndbregðrávenju, is readyforitsoldwork;þábráIngimundr tilútanferðar, I.startedtogoabroad;b.euundan, toputitoutoftheway,tohide it;b.upphendi,höndum, toholdupthe hand;b.e-uvið, towardoffwith (b.við skildi);fig. toputforthasanexample,to praise,wonderat (þínumdrengskapskal ekviðb.);absol.,b.við, tostartoff,set aboutathingwithoutdelay;bráhannvið skjóttokfór, hestartedoffatonceand went;(8)refl.,bregðast, tofail,cometo naught (þatmuneigib.);b.e-m, todeceive,disappointone (Gunnarkvaðstaldri skyldub.Njálinésonumhans);þeim brástfrumhlaupit, theyfailedintheonslaught;b.brögðum, toplayoneanother tricks;b.orðum,brigzlum, toupbraidone another;b.við, tomakeasuddenmotion withthebody (Hrútrbrástskjóttviðundanhögginu);b.viðfast, toturnsharply; b.ábeinaviðe-n, toshowhospitalitytowards;b.reiðrviðe-t, togetangryat;b. úkunnrviðe-t, tobestartledatthenovelty ofathing;(9)impers.,e-ubregðr, itceases,fails;sváhart,atnytbregði (todrive theewes)sofastthattheyfailtogivemilk; veðráttubráeigi, therewasnochangein theweather;ofasuddenappearance, kláðabrááhvarmana, theeye-lidsbegan toitch;þábráljómaafLogafjöllum, then fromL.thereburstflashesoflight;ljósi bregðrfyrir, alightpassesbeforetheeye; withpreps.,bregðrafvextihansfrá öðrumselum, hisshapediffersfromthat ofotherseals;e-mbregðríbrún, oneis amazed,startled (núbregðrmönnumí brúnmjök);e-mbregðrtile-s, oneperson takesafter,resemblesanother;enþví bregðrmértilforeldrismíns, inthatIam

likemyfather;þatermælt,atfjórðungi bregðitilfóstrs, thefosteringmakesthe fourthpartofaman;e-mbregðrviðe-t =e-mbregðríbrún;bráþeimmjökvið, erþeirsáhanninnganga, itstartledthem muchwhentheysawhimcomein;enþó bráfóstruMelkorkumestviðþessitíðindi, this news most affected M.’s nurse. breiða (-dda, -ddr),v. tospread;b. borð, tolaytheclothonthetable;b.fáðm, tostretchoutthearms;b.út, tolayoutfor dryinig,ashay;b.úthendr, tostretchout thehands;b.etyfiren, tocoveronewitha thing, chiefly of the bedclothes. breidd, f. breadth.

breið-dœlskr,a. fromBroaddale; breið-firðingr,m. amanfromBroadfirth; breið-firzkr,a. belongingto Broadfirth.

breiðka (að),v. togrowbroad,to broaden.

breið-laginn,a. broadish; -leikr,m. broadness,breadth; -leitr,a. broadfaced. breiðr (neut. breitt),a. broad;á breiðan, inbreadth,=íbreidd;standa breitt, tospreadoverawidespace;sitja breitt, with the legs wide apart. breið-skeggr,a. broad-bearded,asa nickname; -vaxinn,pp. Broadframed stout,squarebuilt; -øx,f. axewithabroad blade.

brek,n. claim,demand (eruBrynhildar brek of mikil).

breka (að),v. tokeepasking (látum barn hafa þat er brekar).

brek-boð, n. fraudulent bidding. breki, m. poet. breaker. brekka,f. slope;leiðaþrælíbrekku (viz.þingbrekku), toproclaimabondsman free.

brekku-brún,f. theedgeofaslope;

-megin,n.(1) strengthtoclimbahill;(2) thesteepestpartofaslope; -munr,m. difference in height. brek-laust,adv. withoutfraud; -ráð, n.pl. anattemptatfraudulentacquisition; -sekt,f. fraudulentoutlawry (inorderto disableonefrompleadinghiscase); -vísi,f. importunity,importunatesolicitation.

brenna (brenn; brann, brunnum; brunninn),v.(1) toburnwithaflame (logi,ljós,eldr,kertibrennr);(2) tobe consumedbyfire (áFlugumýribrannfé mikit);núbreðr(=brennr)víðaraen hannvildi, thefirespreadswiderthanhe wished;b.inni, toperishbyfire;b.upp, tobeburntup (áþeirináttbrannuppallt Danavirki);hlutre-sbrennrvið, onegets theworstofit;brannbráttþeirrahlutr við, itsoongrewtoohotforthem;rautt munfyrirb.,munnökkutfyrirb., things will brighten up or improve. brenna (-da, -dr),v.(1) toburn (b. bál);(2) todestroybyfire (b.bœ,hof,skip atköldumkolum);b.e-ninni, toburnone todeathinhishouse;b.e-tupp, toburn up;(3) tocauterize (asasurgicaloperation);b.e-nviðbölvi, toburnonetocure hismalady;b.e-mdíla, toburnspotson one’sback;fig. tobrandone’sback;b.emillandíla, toinflictasevereinjuryuponone;(4) toproducebyburning (b.ettillíms);b.kol, toburnwoodforcharcoal;b.salt, toproducesaltbyburning (sea-weed);(5) topurify (silverorgold) byburning;brentsilfr, puresilver (eyrir brendr, mörk brend).

brenna,f. theburningofahouseorperson (þáerb.varáFlugumýri;Njálsbrenna).

brenniligr,a. thatburnswell (eldrb.).

brenni-steinn, m. = brennusteinn. brennu-maðr,m. incendiary; -mál,n. actionforfire; -saga,f. thestoryofthe buring (ofNjál); -staðr,m. theplace whereafirehasbeen; -steinn,m. brimstone, sulfur. brennusteins-logi,m. sulfurflame; -vatn,n. sulfurwell; -þefr,m. smellof brimstone, sulfurous smell. brennu-sumar,n. summeroffires; -vargr, m. an outlawed incendiary. bresta (brest; brast, brustum; brostinn),v.(1) toburst,toberent (steinninnbrast);þábrastísundrjörðin (theearthburst) undirhestihans;(2) to break,snap,withanoise (brastísundr boginn);(3) tocrash,ofthesoundalone; þábraststrengr, theytwangedthebowstring;(4) toburstforth (skriðabrast);eldrbrestrupp, firebreaksout;blóðbrestr út, bloodburstsout;(5) torise,begin;flóttibrestr, theranksbreakinflight;bardagibrestr, thebattlebreaksout,begins;(6) impers.,e-nbrestre-t, onelacks,falls shortof (eigibrestrmikáræði);efossbrestrá,borði, ifwefallshort,gettheworst ofit;þatmunaldrib. (itwillneverfail), at.

brestr (-s, -ir),m.(1) crash (varðþar viðhárb.);(2) chink,crack (b.hafðiverit áhringnum);berjaíbrestina, toexcuse orcoverupthefaults;(3) want,loss (hvárt ábati eðr b. í varð).

bretar, m. pl. the Welsh. bretland,n. Wales;syðraBretland, Brittany. bretta (-tta, -ttr),v. toturnupwards (b. hala sinn).

breysk-leikr,m. infirmity,weakness (líkamsins-leikr); -ligr,a. frail,weak (mannsins -lig náttúra).

breyskr,a.(1) brittle (b.leirpottr);(2) weak, infirm.

breyta (-tta, -ttr),v.(1) tochange, alter (b.átrúnaði);refl.,breytast;hafa þaueigibreyztsíðan, theyhavenot changedsince;(2) tovary;b.háttum, to varythemetre;b.hárisínu, todressone’s hair;réttrokbreyttr, plainandartificial; (3)absol. toconductoneself,do,act; munumviðbáðiríbrottkomast,efvið breytumsvá, ifwedoso;b.eptire-m, to imitate; b. til e-s, to attempt. breyti-liga,adv. strangely; -ligr,a. strange; breyting, f. change. breytinn,a.(1) variable;b.íbúningi, fashionableindress;(2) courteous,attentive (b. í öllum atvikum við konurnar). breytni,f. change;gerab.áume-t, to makeanalterationinathing;b.íklæðnaði, fashion. brezka, f. the Welsh language. brezkr, a. Welsh. brigð,f.(1) righttoreclaim (chieflyof landedproperty);fyrnistþáeigibrigðin, thentherightofreclamationwillnotbe lost;(2)n.pl. change (engibrigðmunek hérígera);kaupaetíb.viðannanmann, topurchaseathingalreadyboughtbyanother.

brigða (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) totrytorecover (lostproperty) bylawfulprocedure (b. land,fé);(2)withdat. toannul,makevoid (b.kaupi,dómi,sáttmali);b.e-mfrelsi, to revoke one’s liberty. brigðar-maðr,m. reclaimeroflost property. brigði,n.pl.(1)=brigð,f.;(2)=brigð, n. pl. (gera b. á e-u).

brigði-ligr,a.(1) variable;(2) corruptible, perishable (-ligr líkami).

brigð-kaup,n. voidbargain; -liga,

adv. variably; -ligr,a.=brigðiligr; -lyndi,n. ficklemindedness; -lyndr,a. fickleminded; -meali, n. breach of promise. brigðr, a. fickle, faithless. brigð-ræði, n. fickleness, cunning. brigðull, a. variable, inconstant. brigzl, n. = brigzli. brigzla (að),v. toupbraid (e-me-u or e-t) onewithathing;athonumséþví brigzlat, that it be thrown in his teeth. brigzla-lauss, a. blameless. brigzlan, f. reproach, blame. brigzlanar-hlátr,m. reproachfulor scornful laughter. brigzli,n. reproach,blame;fœrae-m e-tíb.,hafae-me-tatbrigzlum, toupbraidonewithathing,tothrowathingin one’s teeth; eilíft b., everlasting reproach. brim, n. surf (sker ok b.).

brim-dýr,n.poet. ship; -gangr,m. dashing of the surf. brimill,m. abig,sortofseal,maleseal; also as a nickname.

brim-lauss,a. surf-less,calm; -leysa, f. calm(smooth)sea; -leysi,n.=-leysa; -orri,m.akindof duck; -rúnar,f.pl. poet. ‘surf-curbing’runes; -sorfinn,pp. surf-worn (-sorfitgrjót); -stormr,m. surf-raisinggale; -svín,n.poet. ship,vessel; -tog,n. aropetotugaboatthrough the surf. bringa,f.(1) chest (hárittókofaná bringuna);e-mskýtr(or slær)skelkí bringu, onegetsfrightened;(2) brisket (of an animal).

bring-spalir,f.pl.= -spelir (acc. -spölu),m.pl. the‘breastrails’,thelower partofthechest (barsverðitakviðnum fyrir neðan bringspölu).

bringu-bein,n. thebreast-bone; -breiðr,a. broadchested; -sár,n. a

woundinthechest; -teinar,m.pl.= bringspelir.

brík (-ar,pl. brikr),f.(1) thinboard; (2) lowwoodenscreen;(3) shortbench, near the door.

bríkar-búningr,m., -klæði,n. covering for an altarscreen. brími, m. poet. fire. brímir (gen. -is), m. poet. sword. brjá (brjáða, brját),v. tosparkle flicker, gleam. brjándi, f. or n. flickering, gleam. brjósk,n. cartilage (sembrjóskværi þar, sem bein skyldu vera).

brjóst,n.(1) thefrontofthechest, breast (hylvelb.þitt);(2) woman’sbreast; fœðabarnábrjósti, tofeedachildatthe breast;(3)fig. theseatoftheaffectionsand emotions,mind,heart,feeling,disposition; munhanveraþrályndrískapisemfaðir hans,enhafab.verra, aharderheart mun hannoptarméríbrjósti (inmymind) en þér;(4) thefront (ofwaveorabattalion); (5) breastwork,protection (hannersjálfrb.okhlífiskjöldrkristnisinnar);vera b.fyrirem, tobeone’sdefender,toshield one;(6)vinnaeiðfyrirbrjóste-s, onone ’ s behalf.

brjóst-afl,n. strengthofchest; -barn, n. achildatthebreast,suckling; -björg, f. breast-plate; -bragð,n. compassion; -búnaðr,m. breastornament,brooch; -drekkr,m. suckling,=spendrekkr; -fastligr,a. faihful; -fastr,a. fixedin theheart; -festa (-sta, -str),v.,festa séret, toimpressonone’smind; -friðr, m. peaceofmind; -gjörð,f. saddlegirth; -gœði,f. compassion; -heill,a. havinga soundchest; -kaldr,a. hostile; -kirkja, f. theheart; -kringla,f. brooch; -leysi, n. febblenessofmind; -megin,n. strength

ofmindorheart; -mikill,a. broadchested; -mœði,f. shortnessofbreath,weariness; -reiðr,a. enraged; -reip,n. breastrope,girdle; -samligr,a.=-fastligr; -stofa,f. frontroom; -sullr,m. aboil inthelungs; -sviði,m. heartburn; -vit, n. motherwit; -vitra,f.=-vit; -þili,n. frontwall,=bjórþili; -þungt,a.n.,e-m er -þungt, suffers from difficult breathing. brjóta (brýt; braut, brutum; brotinn),v.(1) tobreak;b.fótsinn, to breakone’sleg;b.tennrórhöfðimanns, tobreaktheteelhoutofthehead;b.mann umstein, tobreakamanonastone;b.e-n íhjóli, tobreakonthewheel;(2) tobreak open (b.haug,búr);(3) todestroy,demolish (b.hof,skurðgoð,kastala);b.skip, tobreakone’sship,beshipwrecked;(4) to break,violate,transgress (b.heit,lög);en þérkonungrbrutuðlögáAgli, youbroke thelawinEgil’scase;(5) toforce,compel (b.menntilkristni);b.e-ntilhlýðni, toforcetosubmission;(6)invariousfig. phrases;b.oddafoflætisínu, tobreak thepointofone’spride,tohumbleoneself; b.straumfyrire-m, tobreakthestream beforeone,tobearthebruntofbattle;(7) withpreps.,b.afbrúna, tobreakoffthe bridge;b.afviðe-n, towrongone;b.á bak, toforceordriveback (b.fylkingá bak); toneglect,disregard (b.ábakráð e-s);b.niðr, todemolish,breakdown (b. niðrhús);b.niðrblótskap,villu, toput down,abolish;b.sikniðrviðjörðu, tobow downtotheearth;b.saman, tofold (b. samanskikkju); tounite (b.samanetfornalögmáloknýja);b.sundr,ísundr, to breakasunder (b.sundrsilfrker); tounfold (clothes);b.(land,þjóð)undirsik, tosubdue;b.upp, tobreakup (þeirbrutu uppþilit); toforceorbreakopen (b.upp

brjótr B brott-flutning

hurð,búr,kirkju,bréf); tounpack (b.upp gersemarsínar);b.uppvistir, tobringout thevictuals (forthemess);b.uppvápn, togetouttheweapons,prepareforbattle; (8)refl.,brjótastáe-t, tobreakinupon; Önundrbrauztáhurðina, triedtobreak inthedoor;b.ámilli, tobreakoutbetween;b.fram, tobreakforth;b.íhaug, tobreakintoacairn;b.íe-u, toexertoneselfinathing;þessimaðrbrýztímikluofrefli, strugglesagainstgreatodds;b. um, tomakeahardstruggle (björnbrauzt umívök);b.viðe-t, tofightorstruggle hardagainst;b.viðofrefli, tofightagainst odds;b.viðborgargørðina, toexertoneselfinmakingtheburg;b.viðe-u, to struggleagainst (b.viðforlögunum,gæfu sinni);(9)impers.inapassivesense; skipit(acc.)brautíspán, theshipwasbrokentopieces;þábrautkirkju(acc.), the churchwasblowndown;strauminnbraut áöxlinni, thecurrentbrokeagainsthis shoulder.

brjótr, m. one that breaks, destroyer. brodda (að),v. toprick,goad,incite (broddaðr af óhreinsan).

broddhögg, n. a blow from a pike. broddr,(1) spike;(2) akindofshaft =broddör;(3) sting (ofaninsect);(4) prick,goad;(5) thefrontofacolumnor bodyofmen,opp.to‘hali’, therear (b. fylkingar);(6)veraíbroddilífsins, tobe in the prime of life. brodd-skot,n. ashotwithashaft (broddr); -spjót,n.akindof pike (the bladeendinginafour-edgedpoint); -stafr,m., -stöng,f. a(mountaineer’s) staff,pole,withanironspike; -ör,f. a shaft with fouredgepoint, = broddr 2. brokkari, m. cart-horse, trotter. brokunar-maðr,m. anintermediary,

a broker, = brakki.

brosa (-ta, -at),v. tosmile;b.ateu, tosmileat;b.við, tosmilein reply (Guðrún leit við honum ok brosti við). brosa, f. smile (svara með brosu).

brosan, f. smiling, smile. bros-leitr,a. withsmilingface; -ligr, a. ridiculous. brosma, f. a fish of the cod-kind. brot,n.(1) breaking (cf.‘skipbrot’); siglatilbrots, torunashoreunderfullsail; (2) fragment,brokenpiece;(3) fracture (beinbrot);(4) ashallowplaceinariver orafirth;(5) lever;(6) spasm,convulsion, falla í brot, to have an epileptic fit. brota-silfr,n. oldsilverbrokentobe recast.

brot-fall,n. epilepticfit; -fallinn, pp. epileptic, afflicted with epilepsy. brotfalls-sótt, f. epileptic disease. brot-feldr,a.=-fallinn; -geiri,m. an angular strip of land. broti,m. heapoftreesfelledinawood (fella brota).

brot-ligr, a. guilty of an offence. brotna (að), tobreak,bebroken;skip brotnaríspán, theshipisbrokentopieces. brotning, f. breaking. brott,adv. away,off,=braut,burt;alsoáb.,íb.(farab. or áb.,hlaupastáb. or í b.).

brott-búinn,a. readytostart; -búningr, m. preparations for departure. brottfarar-leyfl,n. leavetogo away; -öl, n. parting banquet. brott-ferð, f. departure. brottferðar-öl, n. = brottfararöl. brott-flutning,f. carryingoff; -fúsliga,adv. witheagernesstodepart; -fúss,a. eagertodepart; -fýsi,f. eagernesstogetaway; -fœrsla,f. transforma-

tion; -för,f.=-ferð; -ganga,f. departure; -hald,n. goingaway (skipvarbúit tilhalds); -hlaup,n. runningaway; -hvarf,n. disappearance; -höfn,f. takingoff; -kváma,f. comingaway; -laga,f. retreat (afteraseabattle),opp.to‘atlaga’; -reið,f. ridingaway; -rekstr,m. drivingaway,expulsion; -sending,f. sendingaway; -sigling,f. sailingaway; -sniðning,f. cutting,awayoroff; -söngr,m. divineserviceperformedelsewhere thanattheparishchurch; -taka,f., tekning,f. takingaway,removal; -tœkiligr, a. removable. brottu,adv.,áb.,íb., away =braut, brott(ervérvorumbrottu;meðanjarl væri í brottu).

brott-varp,n. throwingaway; -vist, f. absence; -visan, f. dismissal. bróðerni, n. brotherhood. bróðir (gen.,dat.,andacc. bróður, pl. brœðr), m. (1) brother; (2) friar. bróður-arfr,m. abrother’sinheritance; -bani,m. theslayerofabrother; -baugr,m. weregildduetothebrother; -bloð,n. abrother’sblood; -bœtr,f.pl. weregildforabrother; -dauði,m. abrother’sdeath; -deild,f.=-hluti; -dóttir,f. abrother’sdaughter,niece; -dráp,n. the slayingofabrother; -gildr,a. equalin righttoabrother; -gjöld,n.pl.=-bœtr; -hefnd,f. revengefortheslayingofa brother; -hluti,m. theshare (asto weregild or inheritance) ofabrother; -kona,f., kván,f. abrother’swife; -leikr,m. brotherhood; -ligr,a. brotherly, fraternal (bróðurlig ást).

bróðursonar-baugr,m. weregildfor a brother’s son. bróður-sonr,m. abrother’sson, nephew.

brók (-ar,pl. brœkr),f.(1) oneleg ofapairofbreeches (okléthannleika laustknéitíbrókinni);(2) breeches (but thepl.‘brœkr’ismorecommon);veraí brókum, towearbreeches;gyrðríbrœkr, withbreechesgirtoverone’sunderclothing. bróka-belti,m. breech-belt; -vaðmál, n. cloth (wadmal) for breeches. brók-lauss,a. breechless; -lindi,m. waistbelt = brókabelti.

brugðinn,pp.(see‘bregða’) accustomed to, versed in (b. við e-t).

brugðning,f. breach,violation,altercation (for the worse).

brugg,n.(1) brewing;(2) machination, scheming.

brugga (að),v.(1) tobrew;(2) toconcoct,scheme;b. or b.samansvik, toconcoctafraud;b.embana, toschemehis death; (3) to break (b. sáttmáli við en).

brugginn, pp. brewed (b. mjöðr).

bruggu-kanna,f. brewingcan; -ketill, m. brewing kettle. brullaup, n. = brúðlaup, brúðkaup. brum,n.(1) bud;(2) pointoftime (íþetta brum).

brumr, m. = brum (í þenna brum).

bruna (að),v. toadvancewithgreat speed, to rush (b. fram).

bruna-dómr,m. asentencetobeburnt; -flekkr,m. burntspot; -hraun,n. burntlavafield; -vegr,m. thetoridzone; -þefr,m. smellofburning; -öld,f. the burningage,the(heathen)timewhenthe dead were burnt (opp. to ‘haugs-öld’).

brund-tíð,f. thetimewhentheewes are ‘blœsma’.

bruni,m. burningheat,fire;fig., burningpassion (b.öfundar,lostagirndar, heilagrar trúar).

brunn-lœkr,m. brookletcomingfrom

a well; -migi, m. defiler of wells, fox. brunnr, m. (1) spring; (2) well. brunns-munni,m. themouthoropening of a well. brunn-vaka,f. aninstrumentto,getat waterundericeorsnow; -vatn,n. spring water; -vígsla, f. consecration of a well. brú (-ar, pl. -ar, -r, brýr), f. bridge. brús (að),v. tobridgeover (brúatvar yfir dikit).

brúar-fundr,m. thebattleofthe Bridge; -gørð,f. bridgemaking; -sporðr, m. head or end of a bridge. brúða,f.(1) doll,puppet;(2) chairpost; ábrúðumstólsinsvarskorinnÞórr, Thor was carved on the chairposts. brúðar-bekkr,m. thebride’sbench; -efni,n. abridetobe,brideelect; -faðmr,m. abride’sembrace; -hús,n. bride’schamber; -lín,n. bride’sveil; -stóll, m. bride’s chair. brúð-bekkr,m.=brúðarbekkr; -fé,n. bride’sfeeorgift; -ferð, -för,f. bride’s journey; -gumi,m. bridegroom; -hús,n. bride’schamber; -hvíla,f. bridalbed; -kaup,n. weddingfeast,bridal (atbjóða mönnumtilkaups); -kaupligr,a. pertainingtoaweddingfeast (kaupligrviðbúnaðr).

brúðkaups-ferð,f.=brúðferð; -gørð,f. holdingawedding; -maðr,m. wedding guest; -veizla, f. wedding feast. brúð-kona,f. bridesmaid; -laup,n. wedding,weddingfeast;drekka,gera laup, toholdawedding:geralauptil konu, towed;ráðalaup, tofixthewedding day. brúðlaups-dagr,m. weddingday; -ferð,f.=brúðferð; -kláði,n.pl. weddinggarment; -kostr,m. thecostofa wedding; -stefna,f. weddingmeeting;

-veizla,f. weddingfeast; -vitni,n. marriage witness.

brúð-maðr,m. bridegroom’sman, bridesman; -messa, f. marriage service. brúðr (gen. -ar,dat.andacc. -i,pl. -ir),f.(1) bride (konurskipuðupall,ok varbrúðrindöpr);(2)esp.pl. bridesmaids =brúðkonur;satÞórhallamilli brúða, Th.wasseatedamongthebridesmaids = milli brúðkvenna.

brúð-stóll,m. bride’schairorseat,= brúðarstóll.

brúk,n. aheap (brúkum inheaps);esp. a heap of seaweed (= þarabrúk).

brún (pl. brýnn),f.(1) brow,theprojectingedgeofaclifforhill (cf.fjalls, heiðar,isbrún);(2) eyebrow;látasíga brýnnáneffyrirbrár,ofanfyriraugum, setjasíðab.hleypabrúnum, toknitthe brows lyptabrúnum,hefjauppbrún, to lifttheeyebrows,becomecheerful,brighten up;alsoimpers.,hefremuppb., one brightensup;lyptiþámjökbrúnummanna, therfacesbrightenedup;embregðrí b., one is amazed.

brún (pl. brúnir), f. a kind of stuff. brúnaðr, a. darkcoloured, brown. brúna-mikill,a. heavybrowed; -síðr, a. havingoverhangingbrows; -skurðr, m. cuttingthehairstraightacrossthe brows.

brúnar-bein,n.pl. theboneoftheeyebrow. brún-áss, m. ridge-pole, ridge-piece. brún-hvítr, a. white-browed. brún-móálóttr,a. ofmousegrey colourwithablackstripedowntheback (of a horse).

brúnn,a.(1) brown;(2)ofpolished metal, bright (beit brún egg).

brúnn, m. black horse.

brún-síðr,a.=brúnasíðr; -skarpr,a. lightinthehead; -völr, -völvi, -ölvi,a. frowning.

brúsi, m. buck, he-goat. brú-steinn, m. pavement. brydda (-dda, -ddr),v.(1) toprick, goad;(2) toroughshoe (akajóóbryddum áísihálum);(3) toshowthepoint (bryddu uppórþokunnikollarnir);(4)impers.,af þessigørðherrapáfansbryddi (arose) svá mikla styrjöld, at. brydding, f. bordering, edging. bryðja, f. a sort of trough. bryggja,f.(1) gangboard,gangway; skjótabryggjum, toshootoutthegangway;(2) landingstage,pier,quay (lágu langskipkonungsmeðendilöngumbryggjum); (3) rarely, bridge, = brú. bryggju-búð,f. storehouseonapier; -ker,n. atubatapier?; -lægi,n. landingstage; -mangari,m. shopkeeperata Iandingpier; -sporðr,m. theheadofa pier.

bryna (að), v. = bruna. bryn-brœkr,f.pl. war-breeches; -glófi,m. war-glove,gauntlet; -hattr,m., -hetta,f. war-hood; -hosa,f. war-hose, greave; -höttr, m. = -hattr, -hetta. brynja, f. coat of mail. bryrja (að),v. tocoverorarmwitha coatofmail; brynjaðr, wearingacoatof mail, mailclad. brynju-bítr,m. ‘mailbiter’,sword; -bönd,n.pl. cordstofastenthecoatof mail; -hattr,m., -hetta,f.=brynhattr,brynhetta; -hálsbjörg,f. theneckpieceofahauberk; -hringr,m. aringof acoatofmail (hringabrynja); -lauss,a. withoutacoatofmailunprotected; -meistari,m. makerofcoatsofmail; -rokkr, m. militarytunic (wornoverthecoatof mail).

bryn-klungr,m. asortofweaponused indefendingabesiegedcastle; -knífr,m. warknife; -kolla,f. amailcap (wornunder the helmet).

brynna (-ta, -t),v. towater,givewater to (b. nautum).

bryn-stakkr,m. mailjacket; -stúka, f. mailsleeve; -tröll,n. asortofhalberd; -þing,n. combat (poet.); -þvari,m. a sort of halberd (= bryntröll).

bryti (gen. brytja or bryta),m. bailiff,understeward;konungsb., asteward on royal estates. brytja (að),v. tochop (b.mat);b.lið heiðingja, toputtothesword;b.niðr, to cut down.

brytjan, f. chopping. bryt-skálm,f. chopper (kallarhannþat sverð brytskálm sína).

brýna (-da, -dr),v.(1) towhet,sharpen (b.ljá,kníf,sverð);(2)brýnauppskipi, todragaboatorshipshalfashore,putiton the‘edge’oftheseaboard;(3) toeggon;b. hug es, to encourage. brýni,n.(1) whetstone;(2) spaces (ekki hafa þeir salt við mat ok ekki brýni).

brýning,f.(1) whetting,sharpening;(2) fig. egging on, incitement. brýn-ligr,a.=brýnn;er-ligtume-t, it is promising, likely. brýnn,a. prompt,ready;efbrýnféföng lægifyrir, readymeans;brýnsök, just,cogentcause;brýnvörn, aclearcasefordefence; b. byrr, straight, fair wind. brýnn,f.pl.,from‘brún’; -brýnn,a. -browed (létt-brýnn, þung-brýnn).

bræða (-dda, -ddr),v.(1) tomelt (b. jökul, snjó, ís); (2) to tar, pitch (b. skip).

bræða (-dda, -ddr),v. tohurry,make haste (núseinkaðaek,enþúbræddirhel-

dr).

braði,f. anger,passion;mælaetíb., in a passion.

bræði-ligr, a. meltable, fusible. bræði-mæli, n. pl. angry language.

brækta (að), v. to bleat (b. sem geit).

brœðra-börn,n.pl. firstcousins (agnate); -dœtr,f.pl. nieces (ofbrothers); -eign,f. propertyofbrothers; -garðr,m. monastery,=kórsbrœðragarðr; -lag,n. (1) fellowshipasofbrethren,=fóstbrœðralag(sverjastí-lag);(2) brotherhood, religious fraternity.

brœðralags-bréf,n. letterof(religious) fraternity.

brœðra-mark,n. theconstellation Gemini; -partr,m.=bróðurdeild; -samnaðr,m. assembly(union)ofbrothers; -skáli,m. apartmentforfriars; -skipti, n. divisionofinheritanceamongbrothers; -synir, m. pl. brothers’ sons, cousins.

brœðrunga, f. female first cousin. brœðrungr,m. malefirstcousin (agnate);also=brœðrunga;hónvarb. (she was first cousin) Asnýjar.

brœðrungs-barn,n. childofafirst cousin; baugr,m. shareofweregildduea first cousin.

brœklingar,m.pl. ‘breechlings’,a nickname of the Irish.

brögðóttr, a. crafty, cunning. brögðu-liga,adv. cunningly,slyly (blekkja,svíkjae-n-liga); -ligr,a. crafty, sly.

brölta (-lta, -lt),v. totossortumble about. bröstuliga,adv. boastingly;látaliga, to brag.

buðka-grös,n.pl. herbskeptinabox (for use in medicine).

buðkr,m. smallbox (originallyaboxto

keep herbs and balsams in).

buðlungr, m. poet. king. buffeit, n. buffet (slá em b.). buffeita (-tta, -ttr), v. to buffet. buga (að), v. to bow, bend. bugr,m. bend,curve; thebight (inside) ofaring (íbughringinum); ofthebent fingers (b.fingranna); theconcavesideof thesails (sáaflandiíbugallraseglanna); acurve,disorder,ofalineofmenorships (réttaþannbug,erávarorðinn flotanum);akaemábug,akabugáem, to make one give way, repel. bug-statr, m. crooked stick. bukka-skinn,n. theskinofhe-goats; -vara, f. = -skinn.

bukkr,m.(1) buck,hegoat;(2) battering ram. bukk-skinn,n. theskinofahe-goat (cf. ‘bukkaskinn’).

bukl, n. the boss of a shield. buklara-bóla,f.=bukl; -fetill,m. strap of a buckler. buklari, m. buckler, shield. bukram, bukran, n. = buckram. bula (að), v. to cut throgh, = bola. bulr, m. = bolr.

bulungr, m. pile of logs, firewood. bul-øx, f. = bol-øx. bumba, f. drum (berja á bumbur).

bundin, n. sheaf (of corn). bunki, m. heap, pile, = búlki (rare).

burða-munr, m. diference of birth. burðar-dagr,m. birthday; -maðr,m. bearer,carrier; -sveinn,m. errand-boy; -tíð, f., -tími, m. birthtime. burdeigja (að),v. tocapriole,ofa horse (for. word).

burðr (-ar, -ir),m.(1) carriage,bearing,ofthelimbsorbody(b.líkamans birtirhugskotsinsráð);(2) birth (frá

Kristsburði);ofdomesticanimals, lambing,calving (þærkýr,erbeztbúasttil burðar);(3) fetus,thethingborn,offspring (fíllgengrtvóármeðburðinum;hinn hæstib.várrdróttinnJ.Kr.);(4)pl., burðir, birth,extraction;heiðinnat burðum, heathenbybirth burðirokætt, birth and kinship.

burðugr, of high birth. burgeiss, m. burgess. buris, m. borax (for. word).

burr (-ar, -ir), m. poet. son. burst or bust,f.(1) bristle,bristles; dragab.órnefiem, todrawabristleout ofone’snose,tocheatone;(2) gablehead or ridge of a house.

bursta-kollr,m. bristle-scalp,anassumed name.

burstar-hár, n. bristly hair. bursti, m. bristly hair. burst-ígull, m. hedgehog. burt, adv. = brott. burt,f.,inthephrase,riðaáb., toride a tilt.

burt-búningr,m. preparationtoleave a place (vera í búningi).

burt-reið, f. riding a tilt. burtreiðar-maðr,m. tilter; -vápn,n. tiltweapon.

burt-stöng, f. a lance for tilting. busil-kinna,f. awomanwithfator chubby cheeks. busl,n. bustle,commotion (þúváru goðin í busli miklu).

buss, m. box, boxwood. bust,f.(1) bristle =burst;(2) akindof fish. busti, m. = bursti.

buza, f. a sort of merchant-ship. bú,n.(1) household,farming;þaterbú, ermaðrhefirmálnytansmala, itis ‘bú’,

ifamanhasamilkingstock;gøra,setja, reisabú, tosetupahomeforoneself; bregðabúi, togiveupfarming;eigabúvið e-n, toshareahouseholdwithone;fara búi, toremoveone’shousehold;verafyrir búi, tomanageahousehold;búabúisínu, tohaveone’sownhousehold;búaúmegðarbúi, tohavemanydependants (unableto work);(2) thestockofafarmstead (sumir láguútiáfjöllummeðbúsín);drepaniðr bú,höggvabú, tokillordestroyone’s stock;(3) housekeeping;fátilbúsins, to procurenecessariesforthemaintenanceof thehousehold;einskisþurftiíbúatbiðja, therewasplentyofeverything;(4) farm, estate;faramillibúasinna, togofromone estatetoanother;eigabú, toownanestate; (5) home,house (reiðHrútrheimtilbús síns);veraat or ábúimeðe-m, toliveat one’s house. búa (bý; bjó, bjoggum or bjuggum; búinn),v.(1) toprepare,makeready;b. skipíför, tomakeashipreadyforavoyage;b.ferðsína, tomakereadyforajourney(voyage);b.veizlu, toprepare(make preparations)forafeast;b.máláhendr e-m, totakeoutasummonsagainstone, beinalawsuit;(2) todress,attire,adorn, ornament;bjóhónhanasemhónkunni bezt, shedressedheraswellasshecould; sáþeirkonurvelbúnar, welldressed;b. beð,rekkju, tomakeabed;b.öndvegi, hús, tomakeahighseat,adornahouse (forafeast);öllumgjörðinvarbúingulli oksilfri, adorned(mounted)withgoldand silver;vápnbúitmjök, muchornamented; (3) tofixone’sabodeinaplace,=byggja (þegarmunujötnarÁsgarðb.);(4) todeal with,totreat;þeirbjuggubúisemþeim líkaði, theytreateditastheyliked,viz. recklessly;Haraldrbjóheldrúsparligako-

rnumSveins, usedS.’sstoresratherunsparingly;(5) tolive,dwell (b.ítjöldum); þeirbjugguþarumnóttina, theystayed thereduringthenight;sámaðrbjóáskipi (hadhisberth) næstHaraldi;(6) tohave ahousehold (cattle,sheep,andmilk); meðanþúviltb., aslongasthouwillkeep house;b.á or at,withthenameofthe placeaddedindat., toliveatorin (hann bjóáVelli;GunnarbjóatHlíðarenda); (7) tobe,=vera(skipþauöll,erávatni búa);b.ískapi,brjóstie-m, tobe,dwell inone’smind (eigibýrþérlítitískapi); sýnandiþáhjartaligagleði,eríbrjósti býr, thatfillsthebreast;(8) tobehave,conductonself (bjugguþeirþarfremrúfriðliga);(9)withpreps.,b.afe-u, tolose; látae-nafbaugumb., tolethimbedeprivedofhisriches;b.ate-u, totreat,= b.e-u(cf.4);þeirhöfðuspurthvernveg Þórólfrhafðibúitatherbergjumþeirra, howTh.hadtreatedtheirpremises;b.e-t fyrir, toprepare (þeirhlutir,erguðhefir fyrirbúitsínumástvinum);b.fyrir, to bepresent (hannætlar,atSelþórirmuni fyrirb.íhverjuholti);b.hjákonu, tolie withawoman;b.íe-u, tobeatthebottomof,=b.undire-u(eníþessuvináttumerkibjugguennfleirihlutir);b.með e-m or e-rri, tocohabitwith;b.meðkonu, toliewith;b.saman, tolivetogether (as husbandandwife,asfriends); tohavea commonhousehold (efmennbúasaman); b.e-ttil, toprepare,takethepreparatory stepsinacase (b.sök,mál,vígsmáltil,cf. 1);b.tilveizlu, toprepareforafeast;b. tilseyðis, togetthefirereadyforcooking; b.tilvetrsetu, tomakepreparationsfora winterabode;b.ume-n, tomakeone’sbed (varbúitumþáÞóroddásetioklögðust þeirtilsvefns);Þórólfrlétsetjauppskip sittokumb., hehadhisshiplaidupand fencedround;kváðunúGuðrúnueigaat b.umrauðaskörBolla, saidthatG.would havetodressB.’s (herhusband’s) bloody head;b.umandvirki, tofenceandthatch hayricks;atb.sváum,ataldrimáttivökna, topackitupsothatitcouldnotget wet;b.sváum,at(withsubj.), toarrange itso,that;b.eigiumheiltviðe-n, to beplottingsomethingagainstone;b.um nökkurnskoll, tobroodoversomemischief (deceit);b.umgrun, tobesuspicious;b. umhverfanhug, tobefickleminded;gott erumöruggtatb., tobeinasafeposition;b.undire-u, tobesubjectto,suffer, endure (hartmunþykkjaundiratb.);eiga undirslíkumofsaatb., tohavetoputup withsuchinsolence; tobethe(hidden)reasonof,tobeatthebottomof (þatbjóþar undir,athannvilditakaríkitundirsik); þérvitiðgørst,hvatyárbýrundir (what reasonyouhave) atgirnasteinaútlenda mey;b.e-nvegviðe-n, tobehaveoract soandsotowardsone;sártbýrþúnúvið mik,Þóra, thoutreatestmesorely;b.við e-t, toenjoy (þúbýrviðeilífaástokbíðr eilífraömbuna); tosubmitto,putupwith; okmuneigiviðþatmegab., itwillbetoo hardtobide;b.yfire-u, tohide,conceal; framhlutrormsinsbýryfireitri, isvenomous;lítillbúkrbýryfirmikluviti, littlebodyholdsmicklewit;b.yfirbrögðum, flærðokvélum, tobroodovertricks,falsehood,anddeceit;(10)refl.,búast, tomake oneselfready,getready (bjuggustþeirat riðaaustr);b.ferðarsinnar, tomakeoneselfreadyforajourney;=b.atfara(b.ór Þrándheimi;b.úttilÍslands,b.áland upp);bjuggustþeirfóstbrœðríhernað, theypreparedtogoonafreebootingtrip; b.tilbardaga, tomakeoneselfreadyfora

battle;b.fyrir, tohaveone’sownhousehold (þatþingskalsœkjabóndihverr,er býstfyrirokbóndanafnberr);b.um(= búaumsik), tomakeone’sownbed,to makeoneselfcomfortable,toencamp (var hörðveðrátta,sváatekkimáttiútium búast);b.viðe-u, toprepareforathing (b. viðveizlu,bóði);b.(vel,kristiliga)við dauðasínum, toprepareforone’sdeath;b. viðvetri, toprovideforthewinter;absol., b.við, tomakepreparations (núríðahér úvinirþíniratþér;skaltusváviðbúast, get ready to meet them).

búa-grettur,f.pl. qutirrelbetween neighbours; -kviðr,m. verdictofneighbours; -kvöð,f. summoningofneighbours. búandi (pl. búendr), m. = bóndi.

búand-karl,m. farmer (karleðaþorpari); -ligr,a. peasantlike,stout,sturdy; -maðr, m. = bóndi.

búa-virðing,f. afixingcompensation by verdict of neighbours (búar).

búð,f.(1) temporarydwellingsbooth; farmannabúðir, merchants’booths;esp. ofthetemporarydwellingsattheIcelandicparliament;tjaldab., tofitupa booth (withtent-roofandhangings);(2) abode,dwellingplace;farabúðum, to changeone’sabode;hafaharða,kaldab., to have a hard, cold abode. búð (=búið,búit),usedasadv., maybe; b.svásétilætlat, maybe,itwillcomeso tohappen;b.eigihendihannslíkaúgiptu íannatsinn, maybehewillnothavesuch misfortune again. búðar-dvöl,f. dwellinginabooth; -dyrr,f.pl. doorofabooth; -gögn,n.pl. utensilsofabooth; -hamarr,m. arock uponwhichaboothiserected; -ketill, m. boothkettle; -kviðr,m. asortofverdictgivenbytheinmatesofabooth; -lið,

n. theinmatesofabooth; -maðr,m. inmateofabooth; -nagli,m. booth-peg; -rúm,n. lodginginabooth (biðja,kveðja e-n-rúms); -sund,n. passage,lanebetweentwobooths; -topt,f. thewallsof a (deserted) booth; -veggr,m. thewall ofabooth; -verðr,m.=-vörðr; -virki, n. afortificationroundabooth; -vist,f. lodginginabooth (hafa-vistmeðe-m); -vörðr (gen. varðar),m.(1) cooking, cookery;halda-vörð, totakecareofthe cookery;(2) food,meat;eigihafðaekþína veðramértil-varðar, theramsofmyflock Ihavenoteaten;ráðatil-varðar, toprepare for a meal. búð-seta, f. living in a cottage. búðsetu-maðr,m. cottager (þeireru búðsetumenn en eigi bœndr).

búðu-nautr,m. fellowinmateof,companion in, a booth.

bú-far,n. householdcondition; -fé,n. livestock,esp.themilchkine; -fellir,m. starvationoflivestock; -fénaðr,m.=-fé; -ferill (pl. ferlar),m. moverofone’s household; -ferli,n. chattelsbelonging toahousehold;faraferlisínu, toremove, changeone’shouseholdandhome;esp. live stock;hafðihannmeðsérskuldalið (dependants,family) okferli (livestock); -ferski,n. domesticorhouseholdutensils.

búfjár-ábyrgð,f. responsibilityfor búfé; -eyrir,m. valueinlivestock; -fóðr,n. foodforcattle; -gangr,m.= -hagar; -hagar,m.pl. pasturefieldsonan estate,esp. thehomepastures; -hagr,m. conditionofthelivestock; -hald,n. keepingoflivestock; -laust,a.n. withoutlive stock (búalaust); -leiga,f. rentoflive stock; -matr,m. foodforcattle,storesof fodder; -vegr, m. cattle track.

bú-fœrsla,f. removingofone’shousehold; -föng,n.pl. householdnecessaries; -gagn,n. householdutensil,=búsgagn; -garðr,m. farm (esp.abigone); -gørð, f. makingahouseholdinaplace; -hagi, m. pasture; -hlífð,f. asavingofhouseholdprovisions; -hlutr,m. animplement ofhusbandry; -höfn,f. pasture-field; -högg, n. slaughtering of cattle. búi,m.(1) dweller,inhabitant,esp.in compds.(berg-,hellis-,ein-búi);helvítis búar, inhabitantsofhell;himnabúar, inhabitantsofheaven,angels;(2) neighbour =nábúi(Steinólfrb.hans);(3)alaw term, neighbouractingasjuror;kveðja búa, to summon the neighbours. búi-griðungr,m. bullkeptatthe mountain-dairy,opp.to‘heima-g’; -maðr, m. neighbour-man. búinn,pp.(cf.‘búa’),(1) prepared,fit, adapted;ekemgamalloklítttilb.at (littlefitto) hefnasonaminna;(2)b.at e-u, endowedwith (atflestumíþróttum velb.);(3) ready,willing;margirmunu búniratkaupa, ready,willingtobuy;engirmunusínusikbúnari (morewilling) tilliðveizlu;withgen.,b.þeirrarferðar, readytomakethatjourney;(4)b.tiles, viðe-u, onthepointof;hannvarb.til falls, hewasjustabouttotumble;varbúit viðváðamiklum, therewasanimminent danger;(5)svábúit, asmattersstand, thus;eigimáhlýðasváb., itwillnotdo thus,somethingelsemustbedone;stendr núsváb.umhríð, mattersstandthus(unchanged)forawhile;þeirsegjaEyjólfitil svábúins, theytellEyolfthepresentstate ofthings;þérskulutgangameðvápnum, enberjasteigisvábúit, notfightasyet;at svábúnu, asmattersstand (hannkvaðst ekkifýsasttilÍslandsatsvábúnu); at

present,asyet (þennadraumsegjumvér engumatsvábúnu);viðsvobúit, thus, things being so (þeir skildu við svá búit). bú-karl, m. farmer, = búandkarl. búk-digr, a. thickset (in body).

bú-ketill,m. largeketlle; -kostr,m. (1) householdprovisions,stores;(2) livelihood,trade (erþatbúkostrþeirraok skemtanatsœkjasjóinn); -kot,n. small farm, cottage. búkr (-s, -ar),m.(1) body,trunk,esp. thetrunkwithoutthehead;(2) belly,= kviðr.

búk-reki,m. skinorleatherbag(for holding liquids).

bú-lag,n. jointhousekeeping; -land,n. homeland; -lauss,a. havingnohousehold; -leiga, f. rent of cattle. búlka-brún,f. theestateofthe ‘búlki’; -stokkar,m.pl. thebulwark fencingthe ‘búlki’ in the middle of the ship. búlki,m. cargo (stowedinthemiddle oftheship,cf.fyrirframanoraptanbúlka);bindabúlka, tobindbulk,coverinthe hold;leysa(rjúfa,brjóta)búlka, tobreak bulk.

bú-maðr,m.(1) husbandman,farmer (maðrsáðiakrsinn);(2)=búsýslumaðr; -maðrmikill, askilled,stirring,husbandman; -missa, f. loss in stock. búnaðr-bálkr,m. thesectionofthe lawabouthouseholdmatters; -maðr,m.= búmaðr; -munr, m. = búningsmunr. búnaðr (gen. -ar),m.(1) household, housekeeping;reisa,setjabúnað=reisa, gørabú, tosetupahousehold;farabúnaði sínum=farabúferli, toremoveone’s household;(2) equipment,dress,=búningr;(3) preparations (foravoyage,freebootingexpedition,etc.);(4)=búningr 4.

bú-nautn,f.,inthephrase,tilnautnar, for household use. búningr,m.(1) dress,attire;(2)equipmentofaship(reiðiokb.);(3) thedressingandarrangementofatable;(4) ornaments (kyrtill með búningi).

búnings-bót,f. improvementindress; -lauss,a. withoutornaments; -munr,m. deference in apparel.

búnyt,f. milkofsheepandcattle; -prestr,m. apriesthavingahomesteador farm.

búr,n.(1) women’sapartment;(2) pantry (búrþaterkonurhafamatreiðuí); (3) storehouse.

bú-rakki,m. farmdog; -ráð,n. householdmanagement; -rán,n. akindofrobbery,theft (totheamountof threecows at least or three cows’ value).

búr-brot,n. breakingintoapantry; -dyrr,f.pl. pantrydoor; -hilla,f. pantryshelf; -hringr,m. thedoorring of a‘búrhurð’; -hundr,m. watchdog,ata storehouse; -hurð,f. thedoorofa ‘búr’; -hvalr, m. a sort of whale, cachalot (?). bú-risna,f. munificentorhospitable housekeeping.

búr-lykill, m. pantrykey. búrs-hringr,m.=búrhringr; -hurð, f. = búrhurð.

bús-kerfi,n. householdutensils,= búferski.

bú-skjóla,f. milkpail; -skortr,m. failureofstores; -skylft,a.n.,hafa skylft, to have an expensive household. búslits-maðr,m. a ‘bóndi’ without homestead (cf. slíta búi sínu).

bú-smali,m. cattle,esp. milchcows; -staðr,m. dwellingplace,abode;taka sér stað, to fix one’s abode. bús-tilskipan,f. settlingofahousehold.

bú-stjórn,f. managementofhousehold affairs; -stýra, f. a female housekeeper. bús-umsvif,n.pl. householdcares; -umsýsla, f. managment of a ‘bú’.

bú-sýsla, f. household business. búsýslu-maðr,m.=búmaðr(-maðr mikill).

bú-verk,n. dairywork (milking,churningandthelike); -þegn,m. husbandman (bœndrokþegnar);illrþegn, abad (evil) husbandman.

bygð,f.(1) colonization (fráÍslandsb.); (2) abode,habitation;setja,hefjab.sína e-sstaðar, tofixone’sabodeinaplace; fœrab.sína, toremove;banna(lofa,leyfa)e-mb., toforbid(allow)onetosettlein aplace;(3) inhabitedlandordistrict,opp. to ‘úbygðir’, deserts. bygðar-fleygr, -fleyttr,a. rumouredthroughthedistrict; -lag,n. district,neighbourhood;takasér-lagíe-m stað, to settle in a place. bygðarlags-maðr,m. inhabitantofa district. bygðar-land,n. landforsettlingon;

bús-afleifar,f.pl. remainsofstores; búhlutir,m.pl. implementsofhusbandry; -efni,n.pl. householdgoods; -far,n.=búfar; -forráð,n.pl. managementofhouseholdaffairs,=búráð(takatil forráða=takaviðbúráðum); -gagn,n.= búgagn; -gørð,f.=búgørð; -hlutir,m. pl.=búhlutir; -hœgindi,n.pl. helptowards keeping a household. bú-sifjar,f.pl. relationsbetweenneighbours;góðarbúsifjar, goodneighborhood; varillaísifjumþeirra, theywerenoton goodtermsasneighbours;veitaemþúngar sifjar, tobeatroublesomeneighbourto one.

takasér-lande-sstaðar, tosettleina place; -leyfi,n. leavetosettle; -lýðr, m., -menn,m.pl. inhabitantsofadistrict; -rómr,m. rumourgoingaboutinthe neighbourhood; -stefna,f. district-meeting.

bygð-fleygr, -fleyttr,a.= bygðarfleyttr.

bygg,n. barley; -brauð,n. barleybread; -hjálmr,m. barley-rick; -hlaða, f. barley-barn; -hleifr,m. barley-loaf; -hús, n. = -hlaða.

-byggi (pl. -byggjar),m. inhabitant; onlyinplur.compds.(fram-,aptur-, stafn-, Eyr-byggjar).

byggiligr, a. habitable. bygging,f. lettingoutlandforrent (b. jarðar).

bygg-mjöl,n. barleymeal; -sáð,n. barley-seed. byggva, v., older form for ‘byggja’. bylgja (gen. pl. bylgna), f. billow. bylgju-fall,n. heavysea; -gangr,m. swells sea. bylgna-gangr, m. = bylgjugangr. bylja (bylr, buldi, bulit),v. toresound, roar (buldi í hömrunum).

byljóttr,a. gusty (veðrnökkut byljótt).

bylmingr, m. a sort of bread. bylr (pl. -ir,dat. -jum),m. squall,gust ofwind;þáerbýlirnirkómu, whenthe squalls came along. byrð, f. birth, descent (rare).

byrða (-rða, -rðr),v. toweavein (figures).

byrða, f. a large box or bin. byrði, n. board (side) of a ship. byrðingr, m. merchant-ship. byrðings-maðr,m. amerchantseaman; -segl, n. the sail of a byrðingr. byrðr (-ar, -ar), f. burden, load. byrfall, n. dropping of a breeze. byrgi, n. enclosure, fence. byrging,f.(1) closing,shuttingup;(2) close, conclusion, end. byrgis-kona,f. concubine; -maðr,m.

byggja (-ða, -ðr),v.,olderform byggva;(1) tosettleinaplace,ascolonist; sumarþat,erþeirIngólfrfóruatb.Ísland, whenIwentouttosettleinIceland; Ingólfrbygðifyrstrlandit, wasthefirst settler;absol.,HelgibygðinorðríEyjafirði, settledinE.;(2) topeople (eptir Nóaflóðlifðuáttamenn,erbygðu heiminn);Íslandbygðist (waspeopled) ór Norvegi;(3) toinhabit,liveinacountry (þáerlandithafðisextigivetrabygtverit);þessgetek,atmennbyggihúsit, that thehouseisinhabited;b.bœ, tosettleon afarm (hannbygðibœþanneríEyju heitir);absol.,kona,erbygði (lived) í einumafdal;hvarbyggirþú, where dwellestthou?;(4) todwellin,occupy (b. höll,helli);b.einasæng, tosharethe samebed (ofaniarriedcouple;alsoabsol.,b.meðerri);bygðihannískipum, he dwelt (lived) in ships. byggja (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) toletout (konungrmáb.almenninghverjumsem hannvill);núbyggirmaðrdýrra (letsout atahigherrent) envandihefiráverit; (2) tolendmoneyatinterest (engiskalb. dauttféáleigu);Hrútrbygðialltféit, H. putallthemoneyoutatinterest;(3)b. frændsemi,sifjar, toenterintoamarriage witharelationoronealliedbybymarriage (insuchorsuchdegree);þatvarbannat atb.svánáitatfrændsemi, intermarriage between so near relations was forbidden. byggjandi (pl. -jendr),m. aninhabitant (borgin ok byggjendr hennar).

paramour; -skapr, m. concubinage. byrgja (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) toclose,shut (b.dyrreðavindaugu);b.sinnmunn, to shutthemouth;b.aptrhúsit, toclosethe house;b.eninni, toshutonein (íhúsum); fig. tooutwitone (b.eninnifyrirvitsmunasakir);b.etfyrirem, toexcludeone from;b.enúti, toshutoneout;b.etúti, toprevent,preclude (b.útiváða);(2)b.etmeðskömmumáli, tocompriseitwithin a small compass.

byrja (að),v.(1) tooriginate (órhimninumbyrjastöllgœzka);(2) tobeget esp. inpass.,byrjast, tobebegotten (áþeirri sömunóttsemhannbyrjaðist);(3) toenterupon,begin;b.ferðsína, tobeginone’s journey;(4)b.máles, toplead(support) one ’ scause (ekskalb.þittmálsemek kann);b.rœðu, todeliveraspeech (=flytjarœðu);hefirþúframbyrjat (stated) erendi þitt.

byrja (að),v.impers.withdat. tobehove,beseem;sembyrja (asitbehoves) hlýðnumsyni;semþeimbyrjaðiatmanntali, in due proportion to their number. byrja (að),v.impers.,embyrjarvel(illa), onegetsfair(foul)wind (byrjaðiþeim vel um haustit).

byrjan-ligr, a. that is to begin. byrjar-gol, n. gentle breeze.

byrla (að),v. topourout;byrlarhanní hornin hefillsoutthecups;withdat., to serve (acup) toone (Snjófriðbyriaðiker mjaðar fullt konungi).

byrlari, m. cup-bearer. byr-leiði,n. favourablewind (fágott -leiði); -léttr,a. gentlyblowing; -leysa, f. lack of a fair wind. byrli, m. = byrlari.

byrligr,a. promisingafairwind (því atekkier-ligt);ekki-ligrdraumr, abad

dream; -lítill,a. faintlyblowingwithfair wind.

byrr (-jar, -ir),m. fairwind;e-mgefr velbyri(acc.pl.), onegetsafairwind; bíðabyrjar,liggjatilbyrjar, towait,lieby, forafairwind;b.rennrá, afairbreeze beginstoblow;b.tekratvaxa, thewind freshens.

byrsta (-sta, -str),v.(1) tofurnish withbristles;(2) tocoveraswithbristles; borggullibyrst, withthegablehead mountedwithgold;(3)refl.,byrstast, to bristle up, to show anger.

byrstr,pp. setwithbristles;fig. exasperated.

byr-sæll,a. luckyingettingfairwind; -vænligr, -vænn,a. promisingafair wind.

bysja (busti),v. togush (bustiblóðá brímis eggjar).

bytna (að), v. to come to the bottom. bytta, f. small tub, pail, bucket. byttu-austr,m. baling (aship) with buckets. byxa (-ta, -t),v.,b.sér, tojump (síðan byxti hann sér á sjóinn).

byxing, f. violent tossing. bý,n. bee; -fluga,f.=bý; -flygi,n.= -flugur.

býfur,f.pl. clumsyfeet;réttab., to stretch out the legs. býr (-jar, -ir), m. = bœr. býsn,n.andf. wonder,portent (þetta eru stór b.).

býsna (að),v.(1) tobode,portend (þetta býsnartjónoksorg);(2)b.skaltilbatnaðar, thingsmustruntoanextremebefore they get better. býsna-veðra,n. portentiousweather; -vetr, m. a winter off portents. bý-stokkr, m. bee-hive.

býta (-tta, -tt),v.(1) todealout (býtti Hrafnsilfrinu);(2) toexchange (býttum við jörðum okkar).

býti, n. exchange, barter.

bæði (n.dualfrom‘báðir’,usedas) conj.,(1)b.…ok, both…and;b.vitr okframgjarn, bothwiseandbold;b.at lærdómiokvitrleikokatgervi, bothin learning,andwisdom,andaccomplishments;(2)b.…enda, both…andalso, and indeed.

bægi-fótr,m. ‘lame-foot’,anickname of one who was ‘haltr’.

bæging, f. thwarting.

bæginn, a. cross-grained.

bægja (-ða, -t),v.(1) tomakeonegive way,tofish,withdat.;b.skipiórlægi, to pushtheshipfromhermoorings;b.heraðsvist, toremovefromthedistrict;honumbægðiveðrokbarhanntileyjaþeirra erSyllingarheita, theweatherdrovehim outofhiscourseandhewascarriedtothe ScillyIslands;(2) tohinder (efeigibægja nauðsyniarþeirra);(3)refl.,bægjastvið en, toquarrelorstrivewithone (þávill hann eigi við þá bægjast).

bæla (-da, -dr),v. toconsumebyfire (brenna ok b.).

bæra (-ði, -t),v.impers.,gekkáin undirþatþáermeirrbærði, whenthe waves (bárur) rose higher. bæri-ligr,a.(1) abletobecarried (-ligr á herðum); (2) fit, seemly. bærr,a. entitledto;b.erhverratráða sínu, everyonehasarighttodisposeofhis own property.

bæsa (-ta, -tr),v. todrivecattleinto the stall (= bása).

bæsingr,m.(onebornina báss), a child of an outlawed mother. bœjar-biskup,m. townbishop;

-bruni,m. burningofatown or farmhouse; -bygð,f. town-district; -fólk,n. =-menn; -gjald,n. townrate; -lýðr,m. =-menn; -lögmaðr,m. town-justice; -maðr,m.(1) inhabitantofatown; -menn, townsfolk,townsmen;(2) citizen; -seta,f. dwelling(stay)intown; -starf, n., -sýsla, f. town office. bœki-skógr,m. beech-wood (svíner ganga í bœkiskógi).

bœklingr, m. little book, booklet. bœli,n.(1) den,lair;(2) farm,dwelling.

bœn (pl. -ir),f. request,prayer;ersúb. allravár,at, weallbeg,that;skaltuveitamérb.þá (grantmetherequest),erek munbiðjaþik;fellab.ate-m,tile-s, to entreatone;gerae-tatbœne-s, athisentreatyorprayer;vera(liggja)íbœnum, to beatprayers;biðjab.sinni,bœnarsinnar tilguðs, topraytoGod;góðrbœna, ready orwillingtograntarequest (konungrvar góðr bœna).

bœna (-da, -dr),v. torequest,entreat, pray (b. e-n).

bœna-fullting,n. thesupportof prayers; -gørð,f.= -hald,n. (saying) prayers (H.gekkhverjanótttilkirkjutil -halds).

bœnahalds-maðr,m. onewhoprays, religious man (-maðr mikill).

bœna-hús,n.=bœnhús; -kall,n. callingupon (God) inprayer; -kraptr, m. power of prayer. bœnar-bréf,n. petition; -orð,n.pl. (1) entreaty,prayer;(2) wooingcourtship; -staðr,m.(1) placeofworship;(2) request,entreaty (þater-staðrminntilallrar alþýðu, at); -tími, m. hour of prayers. bœna-staðr,m.(1)=bœnarstaðr1.; (2)=bœnarstaðr2.;áþvíermér-staðr, at, Ibeg,that;geraetfyrir-staðes, todo

athingatone’sintercession; -traust,n. confidenceinone’sprayerorintercession (fela sik undir -traust e-s).

bœn-bifast (að),v.refl. tobemoved byprayers; -heyrðr,pp. willingtohear one ’ sprayers;(gørast-heyrðrviðe-n); -hús,n. houseofprayer,chapel; -rœkinn, a. diligent in prayer.

bœr (gen. bœjar,pl. -ir,dat. -jum), m.(1) farmhouse,farmstead;reisa,gøra, setjabœ,efnatilbœjar, tobuildafarmstead;(2) farm,landedestate (núbúatveir mennáeinumbœeðafleiri);(3) town;í bœokíheraði=íkaupangriokíheraði; borgir ok bœir, castles and towns.

bœta (-tta, -ttr),v.(1) tobetter,improve (árþær,semmikitbœtalandit);b. ráðsitt (tobetterone’scondition) okbiðjakonu;b.aptr, torestore;b.ate-u, to repair;b.uppborg, torepairit;(2) to makeupfor,compensate;efþérviliteigi b. (makeupfor) þaterþérhafitbrotit;b. glœpsinnsyndirsínar, toatoneforone’s crime,sins;b.e-me-t, tocompensateone forathing (=b.e-tviðe-n);Styrrvámörg víg,enbœttiengi(viz. víg), S.slewmany men,butpaidfornone;b.mannfé(dat.), topayweregildforoneslain (Hrafnkell bœttienganmannfé);b.sálsína, todevoteone’seffortstothesavingofone’ssoul; b.ume-t, toimproveathing;ekkibœtist um, mattersgrowworse;b.yfire-t, to makegoodagain,redress;(3) toheal,restoretohealth;guðbœttihonumafþessi sótt, Godhealedhimofhisdisease;with gen.ofthedisease;b.e-msinnarvanheilsu, torestoreonetohealth;refl.,embœtist, onegetsbetter,isrestoredto health;withgen.ofthedisease(bœttist Búa augnaverkjarins).

bœtandi (pl. -endr),m. onewhohasto

pay weregild. bœttr,pp.(cf.‘bœta’) atonedfor;er mérekkisonrminnatbœttari,þóttBolli sédrepinn, myson’sdeathisnonethe moreatonedforthoughB.isslain;oker eigiatbœttra,þótt, thingsarenobetter though.

bœxl,n.shoulderofadragon,flipper of a whale.

böð (gen. böðvar), f. poet. battle. böð-frœkinn,a. valiantinbattle,warlike.

böðvast (að),v.refl. tobecomequarrelsome (böðvaðist at víni).

böggull,m. asmallbag,bundle,anickname.

böl (dat.bölvi;gen.pl.bölva),n. bale, misfortune (þáerbótinnæst,erböliter hæst).

böl-bœn,f. imprecation; -fengi,f. malice; -fenginn, a. evil minded. böllóttr,a. ballshaped,roundlikea ball (böllótt eggskurn).

böllr (gen. ballar,dat. belli;pl. bellir,acc. böllu),m.(1) ball,globe (b. jarðar);(2)b.svínfylkingar, thefrontofa phalanx.

bölrann,n. houseofwoe; -stafir,m. pl. ‘evil’ runes, misfortune. bölva (að),v.(1) tocurse,withdat.(2) to swear.

bölva-fullr, a. hapless, cursed. bölvan, f. curse, imprecation. bölva-smiðr,m. thecontriverofmischief, Loki.

böl-víss,a. ‘balewise’,malignant,mischievious. börkr (gen. barkar,dat. berki),m. bark (á berki ok á baðmi).

börr,m. akindoftree;b.skjaldar, warrior (poet.).

börur, f. pl. = barar, barir.

Ddafla (að),v. todabble(splash)withthe oars (þú skalt d. í árum).

dafna (að),v. tothrive (hannnamat vaxa ok vel dafna).

daga (að),v.impers. todawn;eptirum morguninnertrauttvardagat, atearly dawn;endagaruppi, thedaydawnsupon one (of dwarfs and giants). daga-kaup,n. dailywages;farameð -kaup, toworkfordailywages,beaday labourer. dagan, f. dawn, daybreak. daga-tal, n. tale of days. dag-bað,n. dailybath; -bolli,m. ‘daybowl’ (avessalcontainingsufficientwine forawholeday); -drykkja,f. daydrinking (beginningafterthe‘dagverðr’); -far,n.,inthephrase,fara-fari(dat.) oknáttfari, totraveldayandnight; -fasta,f. fastingbyday; -fátt,a.n.,inthe phrase,e-mverð-fátt, thedayisnotlong enoughforone; -ferð, -för,f. day’sjourney; -ganga,f. day’swalk; -langr,a. day-long,lastingallday (-langterfiði); -langt,asadv. allthroughtheday; -leið,f. day’sjourney (farafullumdagleiðum); -lengis,adv. alldaylong,= -langt; -liga,adv. daily,everyday; -ligr, a. daily,occuringeveryday; -mál,n.pl. the time about 9 o’clock a.m. dagmála-skeið, n., -tíð, f. = dagmál. dag-messa,f. day-mess (heldat‘dagmál’); -mögr,m. ‘sonoftheday’,poet.

man. dagr (gen. dags,dat. degi;pl. dagar),m.(1) day;atkveldiskaldagleyfa, ateventideshallthedaybepraised;dagr kemruppíaustri,seztívestri, theday risesintheeast,setsinthewest;öndverðr d., theearlyday,forenoon;miðrd., midday;hallandid., decliningday;atkveldi dags,síðdags, lateintheday;sannrsem d., trueasday;ídag, to-day;á(or um) daginn, duringtheday;samadags, the sameday;annandag, thenextday;annarsdag, anotherday;hindradags, the dayafter,tomorrow;dagfrádegi,hvern dagfráöðrum, fromdaytoday;dageptir dag, dayafterday;nóttokdag, nightand day;dögunumoptar, moretimesthan therearedays,overandoveragain;ádeyjandadegi, onone’sdeath-day;(2)pl., days,times;efaðrirdagar (betterdays) koma;góðirdagar, happydays;(3)esp. pl., lifetime;ádögume-s,umdagae-s, in thedaysof,duringorinthereignof;eptirminndag, whenIamdead (gafhonum allasínaeigneptirsinndag);máttihann eigilengrgefaenumsínadagi, thanfor hislifetime;ráða(taka)e-nafdögum, to put to death. dag-ráð,n.(1) convenienttime (fordoingathing);(2)leitaraðs, tobeanobserverofdaysortimes (mennskulueigileita ráðsatsýslusinni); -róðr,m. day’srowing; -sannr,a. plain (true) asday;þúsegir sanna (= hit sanna), the obvious truth. dags-brún,f. thefirststreakofdaylight, daybreak. dag-setr,n. nightfall (umkveldnær -setri).

dagsetrs-skeið,n. thetimeabout nightfall. dag-sett,pp.n.,er-settvar, whenthe

day was at an end, at nightfall.

dags-hald,n. thecelebrationofaday; -helgr (gen. helgar),f. hallowednessof a day.

dag-skemtan,f. pastime; -skjarr,a. shunningthedaylight; -slátta,f. day’s mowing (=threequartersofanacreof grassland).

dags-ljós,n. daylight; -magn,n.,at magniœrnu, infulldaylight; -munr,m. a day’s difference (svá at mun sér á).

dag-starf,n. day’swork; -stingr,m. daybreak (rare); -stjarna,f. themorning star; -stund,f.(1) daylight,awholeday; (2) anhouroftheday; -stœtt,a.n. fixed astotheday (eigihöfumvérfunditstœtt, nærsignaðrThomasvarkjörinntilerkibiskups).

dags-upprás,f. dawn,daybreak; -verk, n. = dagstarf.

dag-tíðir,f.pl. dayservice; -tími,m. the time of daylight. dag-veizla, f. help to win the day. dagverðar-borð,n. day-mealtable (sitja,snæða,at-borði); -drykkja,f. the drinking,after dagverðr,=dagdrykkja; -mál, n. the time of the day-meal. dagverðr (verðar, verði,pl. verðir),m. ‘day-meal’ (thechiefmeal, takenatthetimeof‘dagmál’),=dögurðr; -villr,a. notknowingwhatdayitis,= dagavillr; -vöxtr,m. growthofaday; vaxa-vöxtum, togrowvisiblydaybyday; -þing,n. appointedmeeting,conference; -þinga (að),v. negotiate (viðe-numet); -þingan,f.(1) negotiations;(2) agreement between parties. dala (að),v.impers. tobecomedented (dalaði ekki né sprakk).

dal-búi,m.=-byggi; -bygð,f. dale country; -byggi (pl. -jar),m. dwellerina

dale; -land, n. dale-ground. dalmatika, f. dalmatic. dalr (gen. dals,dat. dal or dali,pl. dalar or dalir),m. dale,valley (djúpir dalir).

dals-botn,m. bottom (= head) ofa dale; -mynni, n. mouth of a dale. dal-verpi, n. little dale. dana-konungr,m. KingoftheDanes; -veldi,n. theDanishempire; -virki,n. the Danish wall. danir, m. pl. the Danes. danmörk, f. Denmark. dans,m.(1) dance,dancing;(2) dancetune;slád., tostrikeupadancetune;(3) ballad (þeirgørðuumhanndansamarga).

dansa (að), v. to dance. danska, f. Danish (language). danskr,a. Danish;dönsktunga, the Danish (or old Scandinavian) language. dansleikr, m. dance, dancing. dapi, m. pool, puddle, a nickname. dapr (acc. dapran),a. downcast,sad; ofthings, dreary (d.dagr,daprarnætr, döpr heimkynni).

daprast (að),v.refl. tobecomefaint; dapraðisthonumsundit, theswimming became difficult for him. dapr-eygðr,a. weak-sighted; -ligr,a. dismal,sad;daprligásjóna, asadlook; daprligkona, adismallookingwoman; daprligir draumar, dismal dreams. darr,n. spear,dart; darraðr (gen. -ar),m.=darr;vefrdarraðar, webof spears, woof of war. dasaðr,pp. wearyandexhausted (from cold or bodily exertions).

dasast (að),v.refl. tobecomeweary and exhausted. datta (að),v. tothrob;dattaðihjarta

hans við, his heart sank. dauða-bönd,m.pl.(1) bondsofdeath; (2) wrappingsforthedead,windingsheet; -dagr,m. deathday,dyingday; -dómr, n. sentenceofdeath; -drep,n. plague; -dreyri,m. bloodofdeath; -drukkinn, pp. deaddrunk; -drykkr,m. deadly draught; -dvól,f. delayofone’sdeath; -dœgr,n. deathday; -dœmdr,pp. doomedtodeath; -fleinn,m. deadly shaft; -fylgja,f. ‘death-fetch’; anapparitionbodingone’sdeath; -jörð,f. hell, opp.to‘jörðlifandimanna’,‘udáinsakr’, paradise; -kraptr,m. deadlypower; -kvöl,f. deathpang; -kyn,n. mannerof death; -litr,m. colour(pallor)ofdeath; -maðr,m. amandoomedtodeath;vilja hafaenatmanni, toseekhislife; -mark, n. signofdeath; -mein,n.mortaldisease; -net,n. thenetofdeath (drauganet atem); -orð,n.=banaorð;segja-orð e-s, torelateone’sdeath; -pína,f. capitalpunishment (þola-pínu); -ráð,n. the planningofaperson’sdeath,=banaráð; -róg,n. deadlyslander; -skattr,m. tributeofdeath; -skellr,m. death-blow; ánæstadageptirdatthonumskellr, he wassurprisedbydeath; -skuld,f. thedebt ofnature (gjaldaskuld); -slag,n. deathblow;veitae-m-slag, tostrikeonedead; -slig,n. deadlystrain (ofthemusclesor tendons,ofahorse); -snara,f. snareof death; -sonr,m.=-maðr; -steytr,m. =-slag; -stingr,m. deadlythrust;setjaemsting, tokillone; -stund,f. hour ofdeath; -svefn,m. deadlyswoon,fatal sleep; -sverð,n. fatalsword; -sök,f.(1) causeofone’sdeath;(2) matterofdeath, adeeddeservingdeath; -tákn,n. token ofdeath; -útlegð,f. penaltyofdeath; -verk, n. = -sök 2.

dauð-dagi,m. death,mannerofdeath; -drukkinn,pp.=dauðadrukkinn; -fœrandi,pr.p. death-bringing,deadly (-fœranda gras, eitr).

dauði,m. death;takadauða, tomeet one’sdeath,die;d.ferráe-n, oneissurprisedbydeath;dragae-mtildauða, to causeone’sdeath;sávegr,ertildauða dregr, thatleadstodeath;liggjafyrir dauðanum, tobedyingoronthepointof death.

dauð-leikr,m.(1) deadness,lifelessness;(2) thestateofbeingmortal,mortality; -liga,adv. mortally; -ligr,a.(1) deadly,fatal (-ligrharmr,-ligsynd,-ligt eitr);(2) liabletodeath,mortal (-ligr maðr).

dauðr (gen. dauðs),m.=dauði (drepa, brenna, e-n til dauðs).

dauðr,a.(1) dead;verða,vera,d., to becomedead,die;fallaniðrd., todrop downdead;gangad., toreappear (of ghosts),=gangaaptr;(2) inanimate (dautt fé, opp. to ‘kvikfé’).

dauð-staddr,a. dying,atthepointof death; -strá,n.pl.,inthephrase,liggja á-strám, tobedying (cf.‘líkstrá’, ‘nástrá’); -vána,a.indecl.=dauðvænn 2; -vænn,a.(1) deadly,fatal (-vænn drykkr);(2) sinkingfast,pastallhope; -yfli, n. lifeless thing, carcass. dauf-heyrast (ð),v.refl. toturnadeaf earto (viðe-t); -heyrðr,a. turningadeaf earto (viðe-t); -leikr,m. slothfulness, sloth; -ligleikr,m. dullness; -ligr,a. lonely, dull (þótti honum daufligt).

daufr, a. deaf (dumbir ok daufir).

daunaðr, a., illa d., evil-smelling. daun-mikill,a. havingastrong(bad) smell.

daunn, m. bad smell, opp. to ‘ilmr’.

daunsemd, f. stench, stink.

daunsna (að), v. to smell (sniff) at. dauss,m. thetwoatdice,duece;kasta daus ok ás, to throw deuce-ace. dá (dái, dáða, dáðr),v. toadmire (dáðumennmjökdanshans);refl.,dást at e-m, to admire one. dá,n. trance,senselessstate (fallaídá, liggja í dái).

dáð,f.(1) deed;drýgjad., todoadaring deed;(2) valour,energy (efnökkurd.erí þér);(3) merit,virtue (syndalaussokallra dáða fullr).

dáða-fullr,a. deedfull; -lauss,a. voloptuous, sensual. dáð-lauss,a. inactive,sluggish,spiritless; -leysi,n. dastardliness; -leysingi (pl. -jar),m. agoodfornothing,worthless person; -rakkr,a. valiant,doughty; -semi, f. bravery; -vandr, a. virtuous. dáendi or dáindi,n.(1) excellence;(2) admiration; (3) miracle. dáleikar, m. pl. intimacy. dáliga,adv. badly; -ligr,a. bad,evil; poor, wretched. dálkr,m.(1) apin (tofastenacloak with); (2) dagger. dámaðr,a. tastedflavoured (þaterdámat allíkt mungáti).

dámgóðr, a. well-flavoured. dámr, m. flavour (illr d.).

dánar-arfr,m. inheritancefromone deceased; -dagr,m., -dœgr,n. dayof death; -fé, n. = -arfr. dár,n. scoff;dragad.ate-m, tomake gameorjestofone,toridiculeone;cf. ‘dára’.

dási, m. sluggard. dávænn, a. very pretty. deging, f. drawn, drawing. degradera (að),v. degrade,dismiss (d. en af vígslu).

deig, n. dough. deigja (-ða, -ðr),v. tomakesoft,to weaken. deigja,f. servantmaid,dairymaid (deigja eðr önnur hjún). deigr,a.(1) soft,ofmetal;(2) timid, cowardly. deila (-da, -dr),v.(1) todivideinto parts;súá,erdeilirmeðjötnasonum grundokmeðgoðum, thatriverwhich partsthegiantsandthegods;alitþatland, ervatnsfölldeilatilsjófar, ofwhichthe riversformtheboundariesdowntothesea; vildiH.bæðikjósaokd., H.wouldboth chooseanddeal (viz.dividethecatchin sharesandchooseforhimselftheshare helikedbest);látaenkjósaokd., togive

dár,a.,scarcelyusedexceptinthe neut.,‘dátt,’(1)e-mverðrdáttviðe-t, oneisstartledatathing (viðþautíðendi varðhonumsvádátt,semhannværisteinilostinn);(2)e-mverðrdáttume-t, one ispleasedwithathing;svávardáttmeð þeim,at, theywereonsuchfriendlyterms that;gerasérdáttviðen, tobeveryfamiliarwithone;þávarnúídáttefnikomit, they had come to be good friends. dára (að),v.(1) tomock,makesportof one,withacc.;(2) toimposeuponone;d. e-t af e-m, to cheat one out of a thing. dára-samligr,a. foolish; -skapr,m. (1) scoff,mockery;gøra-skapate-u, to make sport of; (2) imposition, fraud. dári, m. fool, buffoon. dáruskapr, m. = dáraskapr. dá-sama (að),v. toadmire; -samandi, admirable; -samliga,adv. admirably, wonderfully; -samligr,a. admirable, wonderfull; -semd,f.(1) admiration;(2) marvellous glory; -semi, f. = -semd.

oneanarbitrarypowerinacase;withdat. (hversumákeisarinnd.sérítvástaði); (2) todealout,apportion,allot;deildr hlutr, ashareallottedtoone;d.dögurð, matámálum, todealoutportionsoffood inahousehold;d.vígmeðverum, todeal victoryfairlyamongmen;(3) todistinguish,discern,=greina;eptirþatsásól okmáttiþád.ættir, theycouldthendiscernthequartersofheaven;d.liti, todiscerncolours;eigideilirlitrkosti(acc.pl.), colourisnosuretestofthequality;(4) to busyoroccupyoneselfwith,dealwith (engimaðráönnurmálatd.íkirkju,nemabiðjafyrirsér);hannviðRígrúnar deildi, hecappedritnes(spells)withR.;d. orðspekiviðe-n, tocontendinlearning withone;þótthringbrotarheiptirdeili, thoughmenhateoneanother;d.knífok kjötstykki, toshareknifeandmeat;(5)d. viðe-n, toquarrelwithone (d.viðheimskahali);deiligrömviðþik, maythefiends bandywordswiththee;d.ume-t, toquarrel,contestabout;þeirdeilduum (they havealawsuitabout) jarðir;d.áe-n, to contendagainstone;d.illyrðum,illdeildum, tochide,abuseoneanother;d.afli, ofríki,viðe-n, todealharshlyandoverbearinglywithone;impers.,efíþatdeilir, iftherebedissentonthatpoint;efídeilir meðþeim, iftheydisagree;(6) tobemasterof,possess (d.bauga,fé);hugskaltu d., thoushaltcontrolthymind(feelings); þarermunuðdeilir, whenloveisconcerned,inamatteroflove;(7)refl., deilast, tospread,branchoff (sváviðasem kristnideilistumheim);meðanmér deilistlífittil, aslong,aslifeisgranted me; d. at e-u, to disagree about a thing. deila,f. disagreement,contest;eiga, halda,deiluviðe-n, toquarrelorcontend

with one. deild,f.(1) dole,share;faraatdeildum, tobeparcelledout;fáilltórdeildum, to getabadshare,beworsted;ínökkurid., partly;íaðrad.,íþriðjud., secondly, thirdly;(2) quarrel,contest,litigation;leggjamálíd., tomakeamatterthesubjectof a lawsuit.

deildararfr,m. inheritanceinshares; -lið,n. strongbodyofmenthatcanbedivided into detachments. deili,n.pl. distinctivefeatures;kunna, vitaöll(engi)d.áe-u, toknowall (nothing) aboutathing;sáþóölld.á.honum, all his features were visible. deilir,m. onewhodealsout,distributor;baugad., giverof rings;sverðad., warrior, hero (poet.). deilis-steinn, m. boundary stone. deilu-efni,n. matterofdispute; -gjarn,a. quarrelsome,contentious; -mál,n. quarrel; -vænligr,a. likelyto lead to a quarrel. dekan (pl. -ar), m. deacon, = djákn. dekreta (að), v. to decree (rare). dekreta, f. decree (rare). dengð,f., denging,f. thesharpening, ofascythebyhammering (cf.‘lédenging’). dengir,m. onewhohammersorsharpens, a nickname. dengja (-da, -dr),v.(1) tobeat,tohammer;(2) tosharpen (ascythe) byhammering; (3) to egg on. depill (dat. depli), m. spot, dot. des (-jar, -jar), f. hayrick. detta (dett; datt, duttum; dottinn),v. todrop,fall;d.niðrdauðr, to dropdowndead;duttuþærofan, they tumbleddown;sauðfénaðrdattniðrunnvörpum (droppeddown,diedsuddenly, inheaps) ímegrð;spjótdettrórhendi

e-m, thespeardropsoutofone’shand; dauðinndettrá, comesonsuddenly;datt norðanveðritílogn, thenorthwindfellaltogether;látae-td.niðr, toletamatter drop.

detthendr, a. a kind of metre. dettiyrði, n. scoff, sneers. dettr,m. thump (heyrðuþeirbrestok dett sem nakkvat félli).

dett-yrði, n. = detti-yrði.

deyða (-dda, -ddr),v.(1) tokill,putto death;(2) tomakenullandvoid (d.dóm); d.líkamligalöstu,girndirholdsins,d. sik, to mortify the lusts of the flesh. deyðr,a. deservingof,liableto,death (dræpr ok d.).

deyfa (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) tomakedeaf (daufr);impers.,hanndeyfi, hebecame deaf;(2) tomakeblunt (d.egg,sverð, vápn);(3) tosoothe,allay (d.kvalar, sakar).

deyfð, f., deyfi, f. deafness. deyja (dey; dó, dóum; dáinn),v. to die (deyrfé,deyjafrændr);hanndóaf eitri,órsárum, hediedofpoison,from wounds;ádeyjandadegi, onone’sdying day,onone’sdeathbed ofalimb(dófótleggrinnallr);ofinanimatethings,dáinn arfr, an inheritance left to the heir. deyna (-da, -t), v. to stink. deyning, f. stink, stench. digla (að),v. todrip (diglaðiniðrúr kyrtlinum).

digna (að),v.(1) tolosetemper (of steel); (2) to lose heart. digr (acc. digran),a.(1) big,stout, opp.to‘grannr’;d.semnaut, bigasan ox;d.fótr, abigleg;hongekkd.með tveim, shewasbigwithtwins;(2) thick, =þjokkr,opp.to‘þunnr’;digrtbelti, a thickbelt;nautssíðafeitokd., afatand

thicksideofbeef;(3)ofsound, deep (þat hljóðerdigrara);(4) big,haughty;digr orð, bigwords,threats;gerasikdigran, to puff oneself up.

digrast (að),v.refl.(1) togrowbig, ofapregnantwoman;(2) tomakeoneself big,becomehaughty (eigidigrasthanneða drambar).

digrbarkliga,adv. haughtily,boastfully (láta, mæla, barkliga).

digrbeinn, a. biglegged. digrð, f. bigness, thickness. digr-hálsaðr,a. bignecked,=hálsdigr; -leikr,m.(1) bigness;(2)ofsound, deepness,lownessofpitch; -liga,adv. haughtily (láta-liga); -ligr,a. big, haughty (-ligorð,andsvör); -nefjaðr,a. big-nosed,=nefdigr; -yrði,n.pl. big words.

digull (pl. diglar),m.(1) ahanging drop, drip; (2) crucible, meltingpot. dik,n.run,leap;takad., totaketorunning.

dikt, n. a composition in Latin. dikta (að),v.(1) tocomposeinLatin (d.okskrifabréfáLátínu);(2) tobring about,make;(3) toinvent,devise,think out (hanngerirásömuleiðsemfjandinn fyrir honum diktar).

diktan, f. composition in Latin. diktr, m. = dikt (rare).

dilkfé,n. ewestogetherwiththeirlambs (dilkfjáreign).

dilkr,m. asucking-lamb,kid,calf,pig (þótt kýr leiði dilka).

dilkshöfuð, n. lamb’s head. dilkær, f. a ewe with a lamb. dimma (að),v. tomakedark,darken; impers.,umkveldit,erd.tók, whenit begtintogrowdark;tekratd.afnótt, the nightcomeson;refl.,dimmast, togrow

dark (er nótt dimmaðist).

dimma,f. darkness (d.nætrinnar);dimmudregráet, itbeginstolookgloomy, threatening.

dimmhljóðr, a. = dimmraddaðr. dimmar,a. dim,dark,gloomy;døkkt okdimmtský, adimanddarkcloud;em verðr dimmt fyrir augum, one sees dimly. dimm-raddaðr, a. deep-voiced. dirfa (-ða, -t),v. tomakebold;esp. d.sik or dirfast, todare;dirfasttiles or ate-u, tohavecourageforathing;bœndrdirfðustmjökviðBirkibeina, became bold,impudent;dirfastatgeraet, todare to do a thing. dirfð, f. boldness courage. dirokkr, m. drudge. diskorda (að),v. todisagreewith (við en).

diskr (-s, -ar), m. plate, dish. disputa (að), disputera (að),v. to dispute. díar, m. pl. gods or priests. díki, m. dike, ditch. díli, m. spot, mark. dís (pl. dísir),f.(1) sister (heitiroksystird.);(2) afemaleguardianangel,goddess; (3) maid. dísa-blót,n. asacrificetothe dísir; -salr, m. hall (temple) of the disir. dívisera (að), v. to distribute. djarf-leikr,m. boldness,courage; -liga,adv.(1) boldy;(2) certainly (þat væri-ligaminndauði); -ligr,a. bold, daring; -mannligr,a. boldlooking; -mæltr, a. bold of speech. djarfr,a. bold,daring (d.íorrustum); d. ok dularfullr, impudent and arrogant. djarftœki,n. boldnessintaking; tœkr, a. bold in taking. djákn (-s, -ar),m., djákni,m. deacon.

djásn, n. disdain.

djúp,n.(1) deepwater,deepplace;(2) thedeepsea,deep (kastaðihannøxinni fyrir borð á djúpi); (3) pit (d. helvítis).

djúp-auðigr,a. very,rich; -hugaðr, a. sagacious,ingenious; -hyggja,f. sagacity; -leikr,m. depth; -ligr,a. deep,profound (-lig ráð).

djúpr,a.(1) deep (d.sær,djúptjörn, djúptvatn);d.höttr, adeephat (coming downovertheeyes);(2) heavy,severe (djúplaunokill);neut.,djúpt,asadv., deep, deeply; leggjast djúpt, to dive deep. djúp-ráðr, -ráðugr,a. deep-counselling,cunning; -ræði,n. deep-scheming; -settr,pp.(1) deep-laid (-settráð, orð); (2) deep, penetrating. djúps-höfn, f. fishing-line. djúp-sæi, f. deep-seeing, penetration. djúp-sær,a. penetrating; -úðigr,a. deepminded; -vitr,a. deeplywise,profound, sagacious. djöfla-blót,n. worshippingofdevils; -flokkr,m. hostofdevils; mót,n. meeting of devils. djöfull (dat. djöfli,pl. djöflar),m. devil;freq. asatermofabuse (takiþér djöful þenna).

djöful-ligr, a. devilish. djöful-óðr, a. possessed. djöfuls-kraptr,m. diabolicalpower; -prestr, m. priest of the devil. djöful-œrr, a. = djöfulóðr. djörfung,f. boldness,daringfeat (þá djörfung þorði engi at gøra).

djörfungar-fullr,a. bold,audacious. doðka, f. a kind of bird. doðna (að), v. to become insensible. doðr-kvisa, f. a kind of bird. dofi,m. torpor,numbness; dofinn,a. benumbed,dead,oflimbs(d.ermérfótr

minn); dofna (að),v. tolosevitalityor force,tobecomebenumbed (eitrormarnir dofnaafnætrkuldanum) tobecomedead, oflimbs (dofnaðihöndin);hugrinndofnar, themindgetsheavy;impers.,dofnar yfir e-u, the matter begins to die down. doki,m. strip,shred (rístablæjurísundr í doka).

dokka, f. windlass. doparr,m., doppa,f. knob,boss (of metal).

dorg,f. trailingline (þeirrerumeðdorgar sínar at smáfiski).

dottr,m. apoor,wretchedcreature (hestr er þeir kalla dott).

dólg,n. direfulenmity; dólg-liga, adv. in a hostile manner (láta -liga).

dólgr,m. enemy,fiend;dauðirdólgar, ghosts.

dólg-rögnir,m.poet. warrior; -spor, n. gaping wounds; -viðr, m. = -rögnir. dóma-dagr, doomsday, = dómsdagr. dómandi (pl. -endr),m. judge,=dómari.

dómara-sæti, n. judgement-seat. dómari,m. judge (dómaranseratsitja).

dóm-rof,n. disregardofjudgement; -ruðning, f. challenging of judges. dóms-dagr,m. doomsday,dayofjudgement (á-degi,þáerguðkemratdœma illt mannkyn).

dóm-seta,f. sittingincourt,judgement; -setning, f. setting or opening the court. dóms-maðr,m. judge; -orð,n. judgement, sentence. dóm-spekt,f. acutenessofjudgement, wisediscernment; -staðr,m. aplacein whichacourtisheld; -stefna,f. summoning,citing; -stóll,m. judgement-seat, tribunal; -sæti,n.=-stóll; -sætr,a. qualifiedtositinacourtasalawfuljudge (eiga-sætt); -varzla,f. theguardingof acourt; -vörzlumaðr,m. amanwho guards the court. dóttir (gen.,dat.,andacc., dóttur, pl. dœtr), f. daughter. draf, n. draf, husk. drafl, n. idle talk, tattle. drafli, m. curdled milk when cooked. drafls-yrði, n. = drafl.

dóm-fé,n. feeorpaymentfixedbysentence; -festa,f. submitingtosubpœna; -flogi,m. defaulter (fromcourt); -hringr,m. ‘judgement-ring’; -hús,n. court-house; -kirkja,f. cathedral; -leggja (see leggja),v. tolaybeforeacourt; -ligr,a. judicial;-ligtatkvæði, judgement; -nefna,f. thenominationofjudges. dómr (-s, -ar),m.(1) opinion,judgement (d.umdauðanhvern);(2) judicial decision,decree,judgement,sentence; stríðrd., aseverejudgement;réttlátrídómum, impartialasjudge;segjauppdóm, topronounce (pass) sentence;(3) court (of judicature), thebodyofjudges;gangaí dóm, togointocourt,takeone’sseatin court;setjadóm, tosetthecourt,toletthe judgestaketheirseats;sitjaídómi, tosit injudgementorincourt;nefnadóm, to nominate(appoint)thejudges;sœkjamálí dóm, toprosecutealawsuitincourt;hleypauppdómi, tobreakupthecourtby force;beraféídóm, tobribethecourt; ryðjadóm, tochallengethecourt;málferr ídóm, acasegoesintocourt;(4) state, condition;heiðinnd., heathenism; kristinnd., theChristianfaith;(5)heilagr d.,helgirdómar, relic,relics;(6)incompds., -dom,-head,-hood (guðdómr, Godhead,manndómr, manhood,konungdómr, kingdom, &c.).

drafna (að),v. tobecomerottenasdraff (d. sundr).

drag,n.(1) theironrimunderthekeel ofaboatorasled;fig.,leggjad.undir ofmetnaðe-s, toencourageone’sspirit;(2) an additional line to a stanza. draga (dreg; dró, drógum; dreginn),v.(1) todraw,drag,pull;d. heimviðinn, todragthelogshome;d. árar, topulltheoars;absol.,dróguþeir skjótteptir, theysoonpulleduptothem; d.boga, todrawthebow;d.segl, tohoist sails (=d.uppsegl);d.fisk, tocatch,pull upfishwithaline;d.kvernstein, toturn themillstone,togrind;viðrammanmun reipatd., itwillbepullingaropeagainst astrongman,i.e. itwillbeadifficulttask; (2) todraw,inhale (d.úþefjanmeðnösum);d.nasirafe-u, tosmellathing; d.öndina, tobreathe,live;(3) toprocure, earn,gain (þegarhannhafðifédregitsem hannvildi);d.e-me-t, toprocure(orget) oneathing (eigisögðustþeirvita,athann drœgiHaraldiríki);(4) toemployasa measure (d.kvarðaviðviðmál);(5) toprolongprotract (dvalirþessardrógutímann);(6) todelay,putoff,defer;vilek þessisvörekkilátad.fyrirmérlengi, I willnotwaitlongfortheseanswers;hann dróumþatenganhlut, hemadenosubterfuge;(7) todelineate,drawapicture (vardregitáskjöldinnleomeðgulli);í þanntímasemhanndregrklæðaföllin (thefolds);(8) totrimorlinegarments (treyjanvardreginútanokinnanvið rauðasilki);withdat.,hjálmrhansvar dreginnleiri (overlaidwithclay),eráðr var(dreginn)gulli;(9)intrans tomove, draw;dróguþeirþeimsvánær (cameso neartothem),at;(10)withpreps.;d.föt, skóklædiafe-m, topulloffone’sclothes,

shoes;d.hringafhendisér, totakeoffa ringfromone’shand;dróhannþágrunninu, hepulledthemofftheshallow;d.e-t afe-u, todraw,derivefromasource;d.e-t af, totakeoff (Þ.hafðilátitafd.brúna); d.e-tafviðe-n, tokeepback,withhold, fromone;manhéðanafeigiafdregitvið oss, henceforthweshallnobeneglected, stinted;Egilldróatsérskipit, E.pulled theshipcloseuptohimself;d.vélate-m, todrawwilesaroundone;d.spott,skaup, ate-u, toholdathinguptoridicule;d. atlið,föng, tocollecttroops,stores;dró athonumsóttin, theillnessdrewcloser tohim,hegrewworse;impers.,dróat mættihans,dróatummatthans, his strengthdeclined(felloff);tilþesserdró atdegi, tillthedaydrewnear;þáerdregr atjólum, whenYuledrewnear;dróatþví (thetimedrewnear).athannværibanvænn;tókþáatd.fastatheyjumhans, hisstockofhaywasrapidlydiminishing; svádregratmérafelli,svengd,þorsta, I amsoovercomebyoldage,hunger,thirst; núþykkimérsemfastdragiatþér, that thouartsinkingfast;d.hringáhöndsér, toputaringonone’shand;d.(grun)á e-t, tosuspect;d.ávetr, torearthrough thewinter (Hrafnkelldróávetrkálfok kið);impers.,dregrátunglit, themoonis obscured (=dregrmyrkrátunglit);dimmuþykkird.áráðitOdds, itlooksas ifacloudwasdrawingoverOdds’affairs; dregrágleðibiskups, thebishop’sgladnesswasobscured;d.eptire-m, togain onone (Þórarinnsóttiákaftróðrinnok hansmenn,okdróguskjótteptirþeim SteinólfiokKjallaki);d.eptire-mumet, toapproachone,tobenearlyequalto one,inathing;ummargaríþróttir (in manyaccomplishments) dróhannfastep-

draga D draga

tirÓlafikonungi;d.e-tfram, toproduce, bringforward (d.framathugasamligdœmi); tofurther,promote (d.framhlutes);d.framkaupeyrisinn, tomakemoney; d.framskip, tolaunchaship;impers., dregrfrá, (clouddarkness)isdrawnoff; hrattstundumfyrir,enstundumdrófrá, (clouds)drewsometimesover,sometimes off;dregrfyrirsól,tungl, thesun,moon isobscuredbycloudsoreclipse (tunglskin varljóst,enstundumdrófyrir);okerí tókatd.skúrirnar, whenshowersbeganto gather;d.e-ðsaman, tocollect,gather (d. lið,her,skipsaman);impers.,samandró kaupmálameðþeim, theystruckabargain;samandróhugiþeirra, theirhearts weredrawntogether;dregrþásaman or dregrsamanmeðþeim, thedistancebetweenthemgrowsless;d.e-tísundr, to drawasunder,disjoin (vilekeigid.ísundr sættiryðrar);impers.,dregrþáísundr or dregrísundrmeðþeim, thedistance betweenthemincreases;d.e-ntile-s, to move,prompt,induce;engiofkætidregr miktilþessararferðar, itisnotfromwantonnessthatIundertakethisjourney;slíkt dregrhanntilvinsældar, thisfurthershis popularity;efhanndrógiekkitil, ifhe wasnotconcerned;d.e-ttildœmisumet, toadduceasaproofof;hannhétatd. allttilsætta (todoeverythinginhispowerforreconciliation) meðþeimSkotakonungi;impers.,nematilverradragi, unlessmattersturnoutfortheworse;with dat.,þatsambandþeirra,erþeimdregr báðumtilbana, whichwillprovefatalto bothofthem;athérmunditilmikillar úgiptud.umkaupþessi, thatmuchmischiefwouldarisefromthisbargain;dróþá enntilsundrþykkjumeðþeimSvíum, the oldfeudwiththeSwedesbeganallover

again;sváerþat,segirR.,efekkidregr til, unlesssomeunforesceenthinghappens; d.e-tundane-m, toseektodepriveone ofathing (þeirhafabundiztíþvíatd. bœndrundanþér);d.etundan, todelay (dróguSkotarundansættina);hvídregr þúundanatbjóðamértilþín? whydost thouputoffinvitingmetocome?;d.rót undan(tölu), toextracttheroot;d.undan em, toescapefromone (núlægirseglin þeirraokdragaþeirundanoss);impers., hann(acc.)dróundansemnauðuligast, hehadanarrowescape;líttdróennundan viðþik, therewaslittlechanceofdrawing outofthyreach;d.e-tundirsik, toapropriateortakefraudulentlytooneself (hafði dregitundirsikfinnskattinn);impers., dróyðr(acc.)undirhrakningina,enoss (acc.)undan, youcameinforharduasge butweescaped;d.uppskip, todragaship ashore;d.uppsegl, tohoistasail(sails); d.uppfisk, topullupfishwithaline;impers.,þokudregrupp, fogiscomingon; (11)refl.,dragast, todrawoneself,move; d.aptráleið, toremainbehind;d.áhendre-m, togatheraroundone;d.áe-t, to giveapartialpromise (Þorvarðrdróstáat ljáSturlusverðit,okfórstþatfyrir);d.á legg, togrowup;þegarhonumdróstaldr, whenhergrewup;e-mdragastpenningar, onemaksmoney;herr,lið,drengte-m, troopsgatherroundone;d.vel,illa, todo well,ill;dróstþáliðitmjökafkulda, the hostsufferedmuchfromcold;þaudrógust (theypulledagainsteachother,fought) um einngullhring;Sigvaldidregstútfrá flotanum, S.drainsawayfromthefleet;d. við e-t, to become discouraged. draga,f.onlyinpl.‘drögur’,(1) timber carriedonhorsebackandtrailingalongthe ground;(2)metricterm, repetition,

anadiplosis (whenastanzabeginswith the last word of the preceding one).

dragi,m. trailorlonglineofladenhorses.

drag-kyrtill,m. atrailingkirtleor gown; -loka,f. bolt;fig. loiterer; -máll, a. drawing. dragna (að),v. todrag,trailoneself along (hanndragnarsíðanheimat búrinu); refl., dragnast = dragna. dragna-hross,n. ahorsecarryingtimber (‘drögur’).

drag-nál,f. bodkin; -net,n. drag-net; -reip, n. halyard. dragsa (að), v. to drag along. drag-síðr,a. trailingbehind (-síðar silkislœðr).

dramb,n.(1) arrogance (ofbeldiok dramb); (2) pomp. dramba (að),v. tobehaughty,behave witharrogance (d.viðem,ímótiem);d. afe-u, toprideoneselfon;d.yfirsér, to boast;d.yfirem, tolorditoverone,look down upon one. dramban, f. haughty behaviour. dramb-hosur,f.pl. asortof‘courtbreeches’; -lauss,a. unpresuming,modest; -látliga,adv. haughtilly; -látr,a. haughty; læti, n. haughtiness, pride. dramblætis-kona, a. proud woman. dramb-samliga,adv. haughtily; -samligr,a. haughty (samligrmetnaðr); samr,a. haughty,proud; semi,f. haughtiness, pride.

drambsemis-andi,m. spiritofpride; fótr,m. afootshowingpride (hefjafótí mót em); hals, m. haughty person. drambskapr, m. arrogance. drambsmaðr, m. a haughty person. dramb-vísi,f.=-semi; -víss,a.= -samr; -yrði,n.pl. proudspeech,haughty

language.

drangr (-s, -ar),m. adetachedpillarof rock.

drangsteinn, m. = drangr. drasill, m. poet. horse, = drösull. dratta (að),v. todrag,trailoneself along.

draughent,a.n. asortofmetre; hús, n.pl. ‘houseofghosts’,burialmound (poet.).

draugr (-s, -ar),m. thedeadinhabitant of a cairn, ghost, spirit. drauma-maðr,m. agreatdreamer; -ráðning,f. readingofdreams; -skrimsl,n. dreammonster,phantasm; -vetr, m. winter of dreams. draum-heill,n. divinationbydreams; -kona,f. ‘dreamwoman’,onewhoappears indreams; -ligr,a. dreamlike (-ligsjónhverfing); -maðr,m. amanwhoappears in dreams; -órar, m. pl. dream-fantasies. draumr (-s, -ar),m. dream;eigier markatdraumum, dreamsarenotworth noticing;segjaemdraum, totellone’s dreamtoanother;ráðadraum, toread(interpret)adream;d.rætist, adreamproves true;vaknaeigiviðgóðandraum, to awakefromabaddream;emerdraums, one dreams, is in a trance. draumskrök,n.pl. dreamphantasm; spakr,a. skilledininterpretingdreams; speki,f. skillininterpretingdreams; spekingr,m. askilfullinterpreterof dreams; stoli,a. onewhoneverdreams (cf.þatereigimannseðli,athanndreymialdri’); þing,n. assemblyofdreams, poet. sleep. drák, dráka, f. streak. dráp, n. slaughter, killing. drápa,f. aheroiclaudatorypoemwith refrainsinthecentralportion (contrasted

with ‘flokkr’).

drápgjarn, a. bloodthirsty.

drápumál,n. alawsuitconcerninga drápa.

drápveðr, n. destructive gale.

dráttr (gen. -ar,dat. drætti,pl. drættir,acc. dráttu),m.(1) pull;(2) draughtoffish; draughtofaseine;(3) hesitation, = undandráttr.

dregg (-jar, -jar), f. yeast, leaven.

dregill (dat. dregli), m. ribbon. dreginn,pp.of‘draga’.(1) drawn, pinched,starved (hestarmjökdregnir); (2) long (of vowels).

dreglaðr,pp. furnishedwithribbons, laced.

dreglahúfa,f. alacedcap; lið,n. soldiers decorated with ribbons = dreglat lið. dreif,f. scattering;drepae-uád., to scatterabout;fig. tothroworcastaside, toletdrop;þeirdrápuólluád.umþessa fyrirætlun, gaveitupaltogether;(2) string orchain (valrinnkomsthvergi,þvíat dreifarnar héldu honum).

dreifa (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) toscatter,disperse,withdat.(dreifðuþeirþáöllu liðinu); tostrew (takduftokdreifásárit); tosprinkle (d.vatniumhverfisstein);d. enblóði, tobedabbleonewithblood;reflex.,dreifast, tobespreadout;(2) toderive (d. orð af orði).

dreifing,f. scattering,diffusion;d. blóðs, effusion of blood. dreift,adv. scatteredly;farad., to march in loose order (of troops).

dreita (-tta, -ttr),v.,inthephrase, d.eninni, toshutoneupsoastoforcehim to ease himself (drita) within doors. dreka-hamr,m. sloughofadragon; -bœli,n. lairofadragon; -höfuð,n. a dragon’sheadonaship’sprow; -líki,n.

shapeofadragon; -merki,n. abanner bearing the sign of a dragon. dreki,m.(1) dragon;(2) shipofwar (bearingadragon’sheadasanornamentat the prow).

drekka (drekk; drakk, drukkum; drukkinn),v.(1) todrink (d.mjöð,öl, mungát);d.full,minni,horn, todrink atoast,cup,horn;d.drykk, todrinka draught (þúskaltd.aftvádrykki);d.brjóstspena, tosuck;d.úmælt, without measure;d.fast(mjök), todrinkhard;d. e-nafstokki, todrinkoneunderthetable; d.sérlítitvit,d.frásérvitilit, todrink awayone ’ sreason;(2) tohold,celebratea feast (d.veizlu,brullaup,erfi);(3)with preps.,d.afkeri, todrinkoutofavessel (drukkuþeirafeinusilfrkeri); todrinkoff (empty)avessel,cup (hanntókviðhorninuokdrakkaf);d.áe-n, todrinktoa person;refl.,drekkastá, todrinktoone another;impers.,drekkráe-n, oneships asea;d.tile-s=d.áe-n;d.e-tút, toconsume or spend in drinking. drekka,f.(1) drink,beverage;(2) a drinkingfeastorbanquet;Ægisd., the drinking at Ægir’s. drekkandi,ger. drinkable (máttihvergi vatn finna, þat er drekkanda væri).

drekkja (-ta, -tr),v.(1) toputunder water,submerge,withdat.(d.skipi); drekktustþrjársnekkjurfyriratróðri þeirra, weresunk;(2) todrown;impers., emdrekkir, onegetsdrowned;(3)fig. to quell, suppress (d. kristninni).

drembi-liga, adv. haughtily. drengi-liga,adv. bravely; -ligr,a.(1) brave, valiant; (2) generous. drengja (da,dr),v.,naut.term, tobind fast, haul taut to a pole (drengr).

drengjaval,n. achoicecompanyofgal-

lant men.

drengleysi,n. wantofgenerosity,unmanliness; lundaðr, lyndr,a. nobleminded,generous; maðr,m.(1)=drengr i (2) bachelor,opp.to‘bóndi’; mannligr,a. nobleminded,gentlemanly; menska, f. noblemindedness.

drengr (-s,pl. -ir,gen. -ja),m.(1) a bold,valiant,chivalrousman;d.góðr, a goodhearted,noblemindedman (auðigrat féokd.góðr);ekkiþykkimérþústerkr, end.ertu g.,butthouartagoodfellow; drengir,eneigidáðleysingjar, gallant men,andnofainthearts;atþúmættir drengrinnafverðasembeztr, thatyou mightgetthegreatestcreditfromit;hafa drengíserk, tohaveastoutheartinone’s breast;(2) ayoungunmarriedman (drengirheitaungirmennbúlausir,meðan þeiraflasérfjáreðaorðstírs);(3) attendant (þeirheitakonungsdrengir,er höfðingjumþjóna);(4) fellow (lætrsíðan sverðitríðaáhálsinnáþeimleiðadreng); (5) pole cf. ‘ásdrengr’.

drengs-aðal,n. thenatureofa drengr; -bót,f. whatmakesamanthebetter drengr; -bragð, n. a brave or gallant deed. drengskapar-fall,n. failurein drengskapr; -raun,f. test,trialofone’s drengskapr.

dreng-skapr (gen. -skapar),m. highmindedness,courage;fallameðskap, to fallfightingbravely;meðlitlumskap, cowardly;þínumskap (manliness) skalek við bregða.

drengsverk, n. a noble need. drep,n.(1) bodilyhurt,blow (þater d.efbeinbrotna);(2) killing,slaying,= dráp;(3) plague,pestilence,=drepsótt; (4) mortification, gangrene. drepa (drep; drap, drápum; drepinn),v.I.withacc.orabsol.;(1) to strike,beat,knock;d.e-nvendi, tostrike onewitharod;hanntókhörpusínaok drapstrengi (struckthestrings) tilsláttar; d.járn, tohammeriron;d. or d.högg ádyrr, toknockatthedoor;d.botnúr keraldi, toknockthebottomoutofatub; ateigidrepirþúmikídúp, thatyouknock menotintothedeep;d.íhel,ídauða,til heljar, tosmitetodeath;(2) tokill,slay (skuluvérnúfaraathonumokd.hann); (3)inagameofchess, totake apiece(þá drapjarlafhonumriddara);(4) toproducebyabloworblows;d.eld, tostrike, fire (=d.uppeld);d.slóð, tomakeatrail (drápukyrtlarnirdöggslóðina);(5)with prep.,d.af, tokill,slaughter (cattle);d. niðr, tokilloff (þótthirðmennþínirsé drepnirniðrsemsvín);d.sikórdróma, togetridof(throwoff)afetter;d.tile-s, tostrike,hit,atone;d.e-tundirsik, to knockordragdown (skaltustandahiá,er fjándisádreprmikundirsik);d.uppeld =d.eld;d.e-tút, todivulgeathing;d. yfire-t, tohide,suppress;draphannbrátt yfir (hesoonmastered) harmsinn;(6)refl.,drepast, toperish,die,esp.ofcattle (féhansdrapstaldriafdrephríðum);recipr. toputoneanothertodeath (þádiepast mennfyrirágirnisakir);d.mennfyrir, to killoneanother’smen;(7)impers.,drepr honumaldregiský(acc.)íaugu, hiseyes nevergetclouded;ofrkappit(acc.)drepr fyrirþeim (theirhighspiritsbreakdown), þegarhaminjanbrestr;drapþóheldrí fyrirhonum, herathergrewworse,his eyesgrewweaker;núdreprórhljóð(acc.) fyrstórkonunginum, thekingbecame silentatonce;þádrapstallórhjartahans, hisheartfailed;ofandrapflaugina, the vanewasknockeddown;regn(acc.)drepr

ígegnume-t, therainbeatsthrough (the thatch);II.withdat.;(1) toput,thrust; hendidrapákampa, heputhishandto hisbeard;d.fœti(fótum)íeð, tostrike (knock)one’sfootagainst,stumbleover (drapfótunumíþrøskuldinnoklá fallinn);d.höfði, todroop(with)thehead (Egilldraphöfðinniðrífeldsinn);d.fingriímunnsér, toputthefingerintothe mouth;d.henditiles,viðem, togive oneaslapwiththehand;d.hendiviðeu, towaveawaywiththehandtorefusea kindoffer (d.hendiviðboðnugulli);(2) totuckupthesleevesorskirtsofagarment (hannhafðidrepituppskautunum); d.háriundirbeltisér, totuckthehairunderthebelt (ofalady);(3) todip,immerse; d.skeggi (thebeard) íBreiðafjörð, tobe drownedinB.d.barniIvatn, tobaptizea child;(4)d.orði,dómiáet, totalk,judge of;d.hulduáet, tohide,keepsecret;d. e-uádreif, see ‘dreif’;fig.,d.íegge-u, toturnadeafearto;(5) spoil (d.gleði, teities);d.kosties, todestroyone’shappiness;impers.drapþáskjóttkosti, the cheerwassoongone;(6)d.niðre-u, to suppress (d.niðrkonungsrétti,illuorði); d.niðrsœmdes, todragdownone’sreputation,todisparageone;d.niðrmáli, to quash a lawsuit. drep-hríð,f.(1) adestructivesnowstorm;(2)=drepsótt; -ráð,n. anintendedaffrayorassault; -samligr,a. deadly, destructive; -sleggja,f. sledge-hammer; -sótt,f. plague,pest; -sóttr,pp. plague-stricken. drettingr, m. loiterer, a nickname. dreyma (-da, -dr),v.(1) toappearto one (en) inadream (sámaðrdreymirmik opt);(2) todream (einkonadreymdi þanndraum);usuallyimpers.,withdou-

bleacc.,mikdreymdidraum, Idreamt adream;konungdreymdialdri, theking never had a dream.

dreypa (-ta, -tr),v. toletfillindrops, withdat.(hanndreypirvígðuvatnií munn henni).

dreyra (-ða, -t),v. tobleed,ooze(of bloodfromaslightwound);hannreistílófasérkrossmark,sváatdreyrði, sothat blood flowed.

dreyra-lœkr,m. streamofblood; -runninn, pp. spattered with blood. dreyr-fáðr,m. stainedwithblood; -gjarn, a. eager for blood, bloodthirsty. dreyri,m. blood,gore;vekjae-m dreyra, tobleedone;rauðrsemd.= dreyrrauðr.

dreyr-rauðr,a. redasblood;e-nsetr -rauðan, oneturnsscarlet (Guðrúnusetti dreyrrauða); -stafir,pl. bloodyrunes, blood (poet.).

dreyrugr,a.(1) bloody,gory;(2) bloodthirsty. drif,n.(1) drivensnow (hvítrsemd.); (2) spoondrift (sjór var hvítr fyrir drifi). drif-hvítr, a. white as driven snow. drift, dript,f.(1) snow-drift (þarvar snjórídriptum);(2) driftingsnow (hvítr sem d.).

drit, n. dirt of birds (fugladrit).

drífa (dríf; dreif, drifum; drifinn),v.(1) todrift,drive likespray orsnow(þádrífrsnæróröllumáttum); fig.ofmissles, toshower,fly,likeflakes ofsnow(látad.skot,vápn,áe-n);veðr vardrífanda, therewasagreatsnowstorm;esp.impers.withdat.,dreif sandinn, thesanddrifted;lauðridreifá lyptingútan, thespraydroveoverthe poop;þegardreifíLöginnkrömmu, there fellwetsnowintheLake,itbegantosleet;

(2) tocrowd,throng,rush;þádrífrofan mannfjöldimikilltilstrandar, agreat crowdrushesdowntotheshore;dreifallt fólkáhansfund, allpeoplecrowdedtosee him;tókumennþáatd.brottfráhertoganum, menbegantodeserttheduke;d. yfire-n, tobefall,happentoone;refl.,láta yfirdrífast(=d.yfirsik), toyield,givein (ránokútlegðirþeirramanna,ereigilétuyfird.);(3) toperform;d.leik, toplay; eníannanstaðáekatd.mikinnvanda, Iaminahardstrait;(4) tobesprinklewith (e-t e-u döggu drifinn).

drífa,f. fallofsnow,snowdrift (skotvápn flugu svá þykt sem d.).

drífanda,adv. withmightandmain; róad., topullsothatthespraysplashes about.

drífu-él,n. adriftingsnowstorm (um kveldit gerði á -él blautt).

dríta (drít; dreit, dritum; dritinn),v. toeaseoneself (d.áe-n)öll ertudeigja,dritin, thouartaltogether filthy.

drjúgan, adv. = drjúgum.

drjúg-deildr,pp. substantial; -látr, a. self-important; -liga,adv. withanairof importannce; -ligr,a. ample; -mæltr,a. long-winded in speaking.

drjúgr,a. substantial,lasting,ample; verðadrjúgari(drjúgastr), togetthebetter (best)ofit;þúmuntþeimöllumdrjúgari verða, youwilloutdothemall,Baglar reðustat,okvarðþatdrjúgara,at, theissue was, that. drjúgt,adv. ingreatnumbers,copiously (Kolskeggrvád.menn);d.manna, agood many people.

drjúg-talat,pp.n.;þeimvarð-talat they talked long together. drjúgum (prop.dat.pl.from‘drjúgr’),

adv.(1) much,toagreatextent,greatly; fórud.dagþannfram, theywentfarthat day;vegrGunnard.menn, G.slewmen ingreatnumbers;(2) almost,nearly (d. dauðrafkulda);d.allr, almostall;enginn d., scarcely anybody. drjúpa (drýp; draup, drupum; dropit),v.(1) todrip,tofallindrops (Þórólfrkvaðsmjörd.afhverjustráfi); (2) toletinrain,beleaky (hlaðandraup þegarersnjárinnbráðnaði);(3) todroop with the head, = drúpa.

drjúpr, a. dripping, leaky (d. salr).

drokr, m. = dirokkr. dropalauss,a. watertight; rúm,n. dripping place (from the eaves).

dropi, m. drop (regns d.).

dróg, f. streak = drák. drómi,m. fetter;drepaórdróma, toact with great vigour. drómundr,m. akindofshipusedinthe Mediterranean. drós, f. poet. girl, maid. drótt,f.(1) household,people;dyggvar dróttir, good,uprightpeople;ölld., all people;(2) thehostoftheking’smen, bodyguard of a king (dróttinn).

dróttin-hollr,a. faithfultoone’s master; -lauss,a. withoutamaster; -ligr,a. pertainingtoOurLord;-lig bœn, the Lord’s Prayer. dróttinn (-s,pl. dróttnar),m.(1) lord,master;þrælleðad., slaveormaster; dýrterdróttinsorð themaster’swordis strong;(2) king,chief;áðrvóruþeir(viz. thekings)dróttnarkallaðir;(3) theLord (guð d. minn, d. várr Jesus Kristr).

dróttinsdaga-hald,n. observanceof theLord’sday; dróttins-dagr,m. the Lord’s day. dróttinsdags-helgr,f.=dróttinsda-

gr; -kveld,n. Sundayevening; -nótt,f.

Saturday night.

dróttins-kveld,n.=dróttinsdagskveld; -morginn,m. Sundaymorning; -nótt, f. = dróttinsdagsnótt. dróttin-svik,n.pl. treasontowardsa lord or master; -sviki, m. traitor. drótt-kvæðr,a. intheheroicorcourt metre (-kvæðrháttr); -látr,a. belovedof thehousehold,gentle; -megir,m.pl. people, men. dróttna (að),v. torule,govern;d.yfir e-u, toruleover;withdat.(þólætrhann þat eigi d. huga sínum).

dróttnan, f. sway, rule (d. alls heims). dróttnari, m. ruler. dróttning,f.(1) mistress;þrællsá,er vegratdróttni (master) sínumeðadróttningu (mistress); (2) queen; (3) princess. dróttningar-dómr,m. queenhood, queenship; -efni,n. afuturequeen; -nafn, n. the title of a queen. dróttning-ligr,a. becomingaqueen, queenly. dróttseti,m. astewardattheking’s table.

drukkinn, pp. drunken, tipsy. drukna (að), v. to be drowned. druknan, f. death by drowning. drumbr, m. log of wood. drúpa (-ta, -t),v. todroop,fromsorrow(svádrúpirnúDanmörk,semdauðr séKnútrsonrminn);drúpirörnyfir, the eagle hovers over (it). drúpr, m. drooping spirits, coldness. drykk-fátt,a.n.,hafa-fátt, tobeshort of drink. drykkja,f.(1) drinking;sitjaeinnvið drykkju, tositalonedrinking;takatil drykkju, tobegindrinking (tókumenntil drylkjuumkveldit);þreytadrykkjuvið

e-n, tocontendindrinkingwithone;(2) drink,beverage,=drykkr(byrlaem drykkju);(3) drinking-bout,banquet (d. skyldiveraathvárratveggja);(4) drinking-cup (rare).

drykkjaðr,pp. refreshedwithdrink (vel mettr ok d.).

drykkjar-bolli,m. drinking-cup; -föng,n.pl. drinkables; -horn,n. drinking-horn; -ker,n. drinking-vessel; -kostr,m. drinking-cheer; -laust,adv. withoutdrink (etamatsinn-laust); -stútr, m. a kind of drinking-can.

drykkju-borð,n. drinking-table (sitja yfir-borðum); -föng,n.pl.=drykkjarföng; -lítill,a. sober; -maðr,m. drinker (lítill,mikilldrykkjumaðr); -mál, n. timeofdrinking; -skapr,m. (hard) drinking; -skáli,m. drinking-hall; -stofa, f. = -skáli.

drykk-lauss,a. withoutdrink; -leysi, n. want of drinkables. drykkr (-jar, -ir),m.(1) drink,drinking;sitjaat(yfir)drykk, tositdrinking; hvathafaEinherjaratdrykk, whatkind ofdrinkhavetheE.;(2) drought;þreytaá drykkinn, totakeadeepdraught;drekkaí tveimr,þremr,drykkjum, todrainintwo, three draughts.

drykk-sæll, a. lucky in drink. drysil-djöfull,m. pettydevil,devilkin; -hross,n. paltryhorse; -menni,n. a paltry man. drýgindi, n. pl. increase, saving. drýgja (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) tocommit,perpetrate,carryout,practice (d.synd, hórdóm,munuðlífi);d.viljaes, tocompilywithone’swishes;d.hlýðniviðen, toobeyone;(2) tomaketogofar,ekeout (dróttinndrýgðisváþærvistir,atþær, &c.);hvatþarfþettaorðumd.(toexpati-

ate on)?

drýg-liga,adv.=drjúgliga; -mæltr, a. long-winded.

dræpiligr, a. deserving death.

dræplingr, m. a petty drápa.

dræpr,a. whomaybekilledwithimpunity.

dræsa, f. idle talk, twaddle.

drœmt, a. n., láta d. við, to hesitate. dröfn (gen. drafnar,pl. drafnir),f. poet. billow.

drögur, f. pl., see ‘draga’, f.

drösull, m. poet. horse, = drasill.

dröttr, m. lubber (rare).

dubba (að),v.(1) toequip,arm (Saul dubbarnúDavidmeðsjálfssinsherklæðum);d.enupp, toattireoneinfull dress;d.sik, totrimoneself;(2)d.entil riddara, to dub one a knight.

dubban, f. dubbing a knight.

dubl, dufl, n. game at dice, gambling. dubla, dufla (að), v. to gamble. dublari, m. gambler.

duga (ða,at),v.(1) tohelp,aid,support, withdat.;d.e-mat or við, tosuccour,lend help (Gíslifóratd.þeimvið);(2) todo, suffice;þaterþérmand., whichwilldofor thee;hefirossþódugatþessiátrúnaðr, thisfaithhasservedusverywell;fátter sváilltateinugidugi, fewthingsareutterlyuseless;munþéreigiþatd.atsofa hér, itwillnotdo(isnotsafe)fortheeto sleephere;(3)absol., toshowprowess,do goodservice;dugðihverrsemhannmátti, everyonedidhisbest;(4) tosuffice,be strongenough;efþittœðidugir, ifthywit suffices;efvitniduga, ifthewitnessesfail not.

dugandi, pr. p. doughty (d. maðr). dugandis-maðr, dugand-maðr,m. a brave, doughty man.

dugga, f. a useless fellow. duglauss, a. good for nothing. dugnaðar-maðr,m.(1) helper,helpin need;(2)=dugandimaðr; -stigr,m. pathofvirtue; -vápn,n. weaponofdefence (against temptation).

dugnaðr (gen. -ar),m.(1) aid,assistance;veitaemdugnað, togivehelpto one; (2) virtue.

dugr,m. doughtiness,strengthofsoulor body (aldri er d. í þér). dul,f.(1) concealment;drepa,dragad. áet, toconceal;meðd., secretly;(2) selfconceit;d.ávil, prideandwilfulness;ætla sérþád., tobesoconceited;dragad.ásik, tothinkagreatdealofoneself;gangafram í d., to go on in one’s conceit. dula (að), v. to deny (rare).

dular-búnaðr,m. disguise; -eiðr,m. oathofdenial; -fullr,a. self-conceited; -klæði,n.pl. disguise; -kufl,m. acloak used for a disguise. dul-eiðr,m.=dulareiðr; -höttr,m. a hood used for a disguise. dulinn, a. = dularfullr (d. at sér).

dul-klæði, n. pl. = dularklæði. dulnaðr, m. conceit, self conceit. dul-remmi, -ræna,f. selfconceit; -samr, a. self conceited. dumba, f. dust, cloud of dust. dumbr,a.(also dumbi) dumb,mute (gaf hanndumbummál,endaufumheyrn); d. stafr, a mute (letter). dumpa (að), v. to thump (rare).

duna (að),v. toboom,roar (dunarí skóginum); duna,f. arushing,thundering noise. duná, f. the Danube. dunga,f. auselessfellow,=dugga (huglaus dunga).

dun-henda, f. = dunhendr háttr.

dun-hendr,a.,-hendrháttr, asortof metre (whenthesecondlineofeachcoupletbeginswiththeconcludingwordof thefirstline); dunhent,a.n.=-hendr háttr.

dunn,m. band,gangs,drove (flyktust skarfarnir saman í einn dun).

dunna, f. the wild duck, mallard. dupt, n. dust (verða at dupti).

dupti, m. dust (einn léttr dupti).

dupt-liga,adv. likedust; -ligr,a. consisting of dust (-ligr maðr).

duptugr, a. dusty, covered with dust. dura-dómr,m. acourtatthedoorof thedefendant; -gætti,n.=dyrigætti; -stafr,m.=dyristafr; -stoð,f. doorpost; -umbúningr,m. door-frame; -veggr,m. door-jamb; -vörðr,m. door-keeper.

dur-vörðr, m. door-keeper. dusil-hross, n. = drysil-hross. dusil-menni, n. = drysil-menni.

dusla (að),v. tobebusywithtrifling matters (Sveinki var þar duslandi).

dust,n. dust (vérerumdustokaska; verða at dusti).

dust, n. tilt (halt eitt d. með mik).

dustera (að), v. to run a tilt.

dusti, m. grain of dust. dúfa (gen.pl. dúfna),f.(1) dove,pigeon; (2) poet. wave.

dúfl,n. noisemadebysubmersion (rare); dúfla (að),v. tomakeanoise (when falling into water).

dúfu-ligr,a. dove-like; -ungi,m. a young dove. dúka (að),v. tocoverwithacloth (matsveinar fóru at d. borð).

duklaus, a. without a cloth. dúkr (-s, -ar),m.(1) anyclothortextile fabric; (2) tablecloth; (3) towel, napkin.

dúk-slitr, n. rags of a cloth. dún-beðr, n. a bed of down. dún-hœgindi,n. pilloworbolsterof down; -klæði,n.pl. bed-clothesofeiderdown; -koddi, m. pillow of down. dúnn,m. down,bedofdown (sofihann á dúni).

dúra (að), v. to nap, lake a nap. dúrr, m. nap, slumber. dús,n. lull,deadcalm;optkemr œðiregnórdúsi, alullisoftenfollowedby a heavy shower. dúsa (að), v. to quake (jörð dúsaði).

dvala (að),v. todelay,putoff,withacc. (munaHelgihjörþingd.);withdat.;efér dvalið ferðinni, if you put off the journey. dvala, f. (1) a long stay; (2) delay. dvalan, f. prolongation (d. lífs þíns). dval-samligr,a. slow,tardy (-samligt setrsólarinnar); -samr,a. causingdelay; e-m verðr -samt, one is delayed. dvelja (dvel, dvalda, dvaldr or dvalinn),v.(1) todelay;d.föres, to delayone’sjourney;d.ferðsína, toput offone’s(own)journey;d.dóm, todefer judgement;d.ráðfyrirkonu, toputoff awoman’smarriage;gátuþeirhanneptir dvalit, theymanagedtokeephimback;d. enfráe-u, tokeeponefromdoingathing; absol.,dvaldiþatfyrirferðþeirra, itdelayedtheirjourney;(2)=dveljast,totarry(okvildueigid.okeigibiðaÓlafskonungs);dveleigi, tarrynot!,makehaste!; (3)withacc.oftime, towait,stay (konungrdvaldimestanhlutasumarsáHálogalandi);d.stundes, toholdoneup;d.af stundir, tokillthetime;(4)refl.,dveljast, tostay,makeastay (dvaldistþarum hríð);sádagrmund., thatdaywillbe longincoming;d.munustundirnaráðr ensagteralltþat,erekveit, itwilllake

manyhours,itwillbealongtimebeforeall istold;efþatdelst,atekkomaeigihingat, Ishouldbehinderedfromcoming;impers.,dvaldistþeimþarlengi, theymade alongstaythere;dvaldistþeimþaratþví, in (doing) that they lost much time. dvena (að), v. an old form for ‘dvina’. dverg-máli,m. echo (steinnsvarar með -mála).

dvergr (-s, -ar),m.(1) dwarf (lágrok digrsemd.);(2)oneof theshortpillars whichsupportthebeamsandraftersina house;(3) somekindofornament(?a brooch) inalady’sdress(satþarkona… dúkr var á hálsi, dvergar á öxlum).

dvina (að),v. todwindie,cease,subside (dvinarþrotiþjótandahafs);d.mundaek látaferðina, Iwouldleithejourneydrop; sœkjumtilborgarinnarokgeriðeigiatd. við, do not saunter.

dvöl (gen. dvalar,pl. dvalar or dvalir),f.(1) shortstay,stop; delay;eiga skammadvöl, tomakeashortstay;meðan þessid. (pause) var;beratildvala, to cause delay; (2) in prosody, quantity. dvöl,n.pl. delay;sváatengiskulud. ávera, withoutdelay;urðud.dœgra, her life was prolonged. dyblissa, dybliza,f. dungeon,=myrkvastofa.

dygð,f.(1) probity,faithfulness:liðok d. (helpandfaithfulservice) góðsdrengs; trúaemtildygðarume-t, totrustinone’s integrity;(2) virtue,virtuousdeed (fyirir þvílíkardygðirveittigúðhonumsína miskunn);(3) help (biðiðhannveitayðr d.);(4) virtue,goodquality (þattréhefir fjórardygðir,þáfyrstu,atþatkanneigi fúna).

dyggr (accus. dyggvan,rarely dyggan),a. faithful,trusty;dyggvardróttir, worthy, good people. dykr (pl. dykir),m. acrashingnoise; varð af því d. mikill, it gave a great crash. dylgjur,f.pl. suppressedenmity (vóru dylgjur miklar með þeim).

dylja (dyl; dulda; duldr, duliðr, dulinn),v.(1) tokeep(one)inignorance ofathing,d.e-ne-s(eigiskaltþúþatgera atd.þiksjálfansanninda);d.e-s, toconceal,deny,disavow,Þórirdylrþessekki, Th.doesnotdenyit;Eysteinnduldiþeirraorðafyrirsik, E.professedthathehad neversaidanystuchthing;allirduldu,at néeittvissitilHrapps, allpretendedignoranceaboutHrapp;vera,ganga,duldr (duliðr,dulinn)e-s, tobeunawareof,to bekeptinignoranceof (hefirhonveritalls þessaduld;veitengiættmínaokgangaþessallirduldir);dulið(dulin)ertu, Hyndla, H.,thouartmistaken(deceived); duliðr(dulinn)atem, mistakenaboutone; (2)refl.,dyljast, toconceal(hide)oneself; atþatséflugumennokvilid. (disguise themselves) undirmunkabúnaði;d.íe-u, toconcealathingfromoneself,beignorant of =gangaduldre-s(Eiríkrkonungrþarf núekkiatd.íþví,at);d.viðe-t, torefuse

dygðar-dœmi,n. aninstantofvirtuous action; -lauss,a.(1) devoidofvirtues (lausgrös);(2) wicked (varhannsvá -lauss,at); -leysi,n. faithlessness, wickedness; -maðr,m. trustyman; -verk,n. virtuousaction; -þjónasta,f. efficacious, faithful service. dygðugr,a.(1) faithful,trusty (d. maðr); (2) efficacious (dygðugt oleum). dyggi-liga,adv.(1) faithfully (varðveitae-t-liga);(2) thoroughly (-ligaþurr); -ligr, a. faithful, honest (-lig þjónosta). dygg-leikr, m. faithfulness, probity. dygg-liga, adv. = dyggiliga.

toacknowledge,toignore;trúitþessueigi, meðanþérmegitd., aslongasyoucanignoreit,tillyougetfullevidence;enSveinn duldistviðþat, butS.shrankfrombelieving it.

dylminn, a. careless, indifferent. dymbil-dagar,m.pl. thethreedaysbefore Easter. dymbildaga-vika,f. HolyWeek,Passion Week. dyn-bjalla, f. a tinkling bell. dyngja,f. alady’sbower (brúðrinsatí dyngju sinni uni daginn).

dyngju-veggr, m. the wall of a dyngja. dynja (dyn, dunda, dunit),v.(1) to boom,resound (framreiðÓðinn,foldvegr dundi);(2) togush,shower,pour;blóð dynrórsárumes, bloodgushesoutofhis wounds;dundiákaftregnórlopti, the rainpoureddowninstreams;dunduáþá (or þeim)vápnin,spjótin, theweapons (spears) showered upon them. dynkr, m. = dykr, dynr. dynr (pl. -ir),f. din,noise,clatteringof hoofs (riðuþeirheimmikinndynítúnit eptirhörðumvelli);engid.verðraf hlaupikattarins, noiselessarethecat’s steps;gerasemmestandyn, tomakethe greatestnoise;komaemdynfyrirdyrr, to makeadinbeforeone’sdoors,takeoneby surprise. dyn-skot,n. anoisybutharmlessshot (ek mun skjóta dynskot).

dyntr, m. = dykr, dynr. dyr, n. pl. = dyrr, f. pl. dyrgja (-ða, -ðr),v. totake (fish) with a hand-line (d. fiska).

dyrgja, f. dwarf woman. dyri-gætti,n. door-frame; -stafr,m. door-post. dyrr (gen. dura),f.pl. dooropening,

doorway (Oddr hljóp út or durunum).

dys (-jar, -jar), f. cairn.

dysja (að), v. to bury in a cairn. dyttr, m. dint, a nickname.

dý, n. quaking bog, quagmire.

dýfa (ða, t), v. to dip (d. e-m í vatn).

dýja (dý, dúða, dúit),v. toshake;d. dörr,spjót, toshakethespearstofight; skörnamatd., heshook(tossed)hislocks.

dýna,f. downbed,featherbed,pillowor bolster filled with down. dýpt, f. depth.

dýr,n.(1) animal,beast,quadruped, opp.tobirdsandreptiles(skaparimanna,fuglaokdýraokskriðkykvenda);(2) wildbeast; deer (rennahundumat dýrum, reisa dýr).

dýra-garðr,m.(1) enclosuretocatch wildbeasts;(2) ayardwithwildbeasts; -gröf,f. apittocatchwildbeasts; -hold, n., -kjöt,n. fleshofanimals; -leit,f. searchforgame; -rödd,f. voiceofbeasts; -skinn,n. skinofwildbeasts; -veiðr, f. deer-hunting (faraádýraveiði,veraat dýraveiðum).

dýr-bit,n. bitingoflambs(sheep)by foxes (eigivarðbóndameinatbitisíðan).

dýrð, f. glory (himnaríkis d.).

dýrðar-dagr,m. dayofglory,feast; -fullr,a. fullofglory; -hús,n. houseof glory; -konungr,m. theKingofGlory (Christ); -kóróna,f. crownofglory; -líf, n. lifeofglory; -maðr,m. agloriousman, saint; -samliga,adv. gloriously; -samr, a. glorious; -staðr,m. agloriousplace; -söngr,m. songofglory,hymn; -verk, n. glorious work. dýr-gildr,a. dearlypaidfor; -goldinn,pp.=-gildr;skalþérþat -golditverða, thoushaltpaydearlyfor that; -gripr,m. athingofgreatvalue,a

treasure.

dýr-hundr, m. deer-hound, fox-hound. dýrka (að),v.(1) toexalt,glorify (guð dýrkaðisonsinn);(2) tocelebrate (d.þennadag);d.hátíðes=haldahátíðes;(3) toworship (farþúmeðmératd.dróttin guðþinn); toprayonereverentially (kastarhónsérframágólfitfyrirfœtrkonungiokdýrkaðihann);refl.,dýrkast, to magnifyoneself,toglory;sáerdýrkast, dýrkisthannmeðguði, hethatglorieth, let him glory in the Lord.

dýr-kan,f.(1) adoration,worship (veita goðumd.);(2) glorifying (d.andarok líkama); -ligr, a. glorious.

dýr-kálfr, m. deer-calf.

dýr-keyptr,pp. dearlybought; -lagðr,pp. dearlyrated; -leikr,m. dearness; -ligr,a. glorious (-ligrklæðnaðr,-ligveizla); -lingr,m. holyman, saint; -mætr, a. precious. dýrr (dýrri, dýrstr),a.(1) high priced,dear;ekmethanadýrraenaðrar, Iputheratahigherpricethantherest;(2) precious,costly (skjöldinnþanninndýra); dýrarhallir, costlyhalls;inndýrimjöðr, thegoodlymead;inndýriháttr, artificial metre;(3) ofhighworth,worthy (indýra dróttning,María);skatnadýrstr, thebest ofmen;JónLoptsson,erdýrstr (noblest, worthiest) maðr er í landi þessu.

dýrs-belgr,m. beast’sskin; -horn,n. anoxhorn,esp.adrinkinghorn; -höfuð, n. head of a deer.

dýr-skinn, n. deer-skin. dæla, f. ship’s pump. dældar-maðr,m. gentle,easyman (hannvarengi-maðrokhinnmesti garpr).

dæll,a. gentle,easytodealwith (vertu núdælmeðanekembrautu;ekkiþótta

ekdællheima);þatereigisvádælt(= auðvelt, easy)attakaSigurðjarlaf lífdögum;dælterheimahvat, anything willpassathome;gerasérdæltviðe-n, to putoneselfonafree,familiarfootingwith one (ÞórðrgerðisérdæltviðþauÞorvald okGuðrúnu);ekmunnúgeramérdælt umráðagørðviðþik, Iwilltaketheliberty to give thee straightforward advice.

dæl-leiki, -leikr,m. familiarity;gør alltí-leikumviðoss, makenoceremony withus; -ligleikr,m.=-leikr; -ligr,a. pleasant to look at, genteel.

dælu-austr,m. balingoutashipwitha dæla; -ker, n. a kind of bucket. dæsa (-ta-t),v. tofetchadeepgroan (d.við);refl.,dæsast, tobecomeexhausted.

dæstr, pp. exhausted, worn-out. dœgr,n.(1) onehalfoftheastron.Day, twelvehoursofthedayornight (ídegi dœgrtvau,ídœgristundirtólf;tuttugu okfjórarstundirskuluveraítveimrdœgrum);(2) anastronomicalday; twentyfourhours;sjaudœgrasigling, asailof sevendays (betweenNorwayandIceland).

dœgra-far,n. thedivisionofdayand night; -mót,n. thetwilightatmorning andevening; -skipti,n.=-far; stytting,f. pastime; -tal,n. calculationof time.

dœgr-far,n.=dœgrafar; -ganga,f. twelve hours’ walk.

dœl, dœld, f. a little dale, recess.

dœll,m. dalesman,mostlyinplur. compounds.(Laxdœlir,Fljótsdœlir, Vatnsdœlir, &c).

dœlska, f. idle talk, nonsense. dœlskr, a. foolish, = fólskr. dœma (-da, -dr),v.(1) togivejudge-

ment,passsentence;d.mál, togivejudgementinacase;d.dóm, togiveaverdict orsentence;d.sekt,útlegð, topasssentenceofafine,out-lawry;d.eindagaáfé, tofixatermforpayment;d.lög, topass alawfulsentence;d.e-nskógarmann, to proclaimoneanoutlaw;d.e-me-t, toadjudgeathingtoone;d.e-mdóm, todeal outasentencetoone;d.e-nafe-u, todeclareonetohaveforfeited (d.e-nafsinni sœmd);d.ume-t, tojudgeof;(2) totalk, converse;d.viðe-n, totalkwithone;drekkaokd., todrinkandtalk;enerþeiráttu ofþessahlutiatd., whentheyweretalking of those things.

dœma-fátt,a.n. almostunexampled; -fróðr,a. wiseinoldinstances; -lauss, a. unexampled; -maðr,m. amantobeimitated.

dœmandi (pl. -endr),m. ajudge =dómandi, dómari.

dœmi,n.(1) proof,reason;dragaþeireigisízttildœmisþarum,at, inproofof thistheyspeciallyadducethefact,that;(2) incident,fact;þóhafamörgdœmiorðit,í forneskju, yetmanythingshavehappened ineldentimes;hörðdœmi, hardfate;at eigiverðiossAdamsd., thatthesame shallnothappentousastoA.;(3) tale, story (Ariprestrfróði,ermörgdœmisparklighefirsamansett);(4) poem,verses (þessidœmiöllerukveðinumþennaatburð);(5) quotation (dragaframdœmiaf bókum);(6) exampleforimitation,model (eptirdœmumkristinnamanna);takad. afe-m, totakeanexamplebyone;(7) example,instance,precedent (djarfarien dœmimunutilvera);umframd.,órdœmum, unexampled,unprecedented (kom þásvámikillsnjór,atþatvarórdœmum);meirrentildœmis or tildœmaat

taka (draga), to take an example. dœmi-lauss, a. = dœma-lauss. dœming, f. judgement. dœmi-saga,f. tale,fable;parable; -stóll, m. judgement seat. döf,f.(1) rump (döfindýrsins);(2)a kind of spear. dögg (gen. döggvar,dat. dögg or döggu;pl. döggvar),f. dew; -fall,n. dew-fall,depositofdew; -lauss,a. dewless; -litr,a. besprinkledwithdew; -óttr, a. bedewed. dögg-skór,m. chape(ofasheath); -slóð,f. trackleftinthedew;okdraga kyrtlarnir-slóðina, thetunicsbrushthe dew. döggva (-að or -ða),v.(1) tobedew (döggvirhannjörðinaafméldropum sínum); (2) to irrigate, water. döggvan, f. bedewing, irrigation. döggvar-drep,n. mark(foot-print)in the dew. döggving, f. irrigation = döggvan. döglingr,m. king,descendentofKing Dag. dögurðr, m. = dagverðr. døkk-blár,a. dark-blue; -brúnaðr, -brúnn,a. dark-brown; -grœnn,a. darkgreen; -hárr,a. dark-haired; -jarpr,a. dark-auburn (-jarpráhár); -leikr,m. duskiness; -litaðr, pp. dark-coloured. døkkna (að),v. todarken (himintunglin døkkna). døkknan, f. darkening. døkkr (acc. -van),a. dark;d.áhár, dark-haired. døkk-rauðr, a. dark-red. døkkva (-ta, -tr),v. todarken,tomake dark.

døkkvi, m. a dark spot.

E, É

ebreska, f. the Hebrew language. ebreskr, a. Hebraic (ebresk tunga).

eða or eðr,conj.,(1) or;fyrreðasiðar, soonerorlater;annathvárt…eða, either …or;hvárt…eða, whether(if)…or; hvarter…eða, whether…or;(2)incomparisonoftwounlikethings, and (mikinnmuneigumvératgeraþineða annarraheimamanna);(3)afteracomparative, andperhaps (ekemeigiverri riddarienS.konungr,eðanökkurubetri);(4)introducingaquestion, but (ek beitiAuðgisl,—eðaertuH.vandræðaskáld?);(5)sometimesaftera negation,=né, nor (þeirmunuhvárki fyrir sjá fé sínu eða fjörvi).

edda,f.(1) great-grandmother;(2)the nameofthebook Edda,writtenbySnorri Sturluson, c. 1220.

edik, n. vinegar. eðla, f. adder, viper, = eyðla.

eðli (inoldMSS.written øðli),n.(1) nature;mannse.,mannligte., humannature;arnare., theeagle’snature;þaterí mótináttúrligue., itisagainsttheorder ofnature;(2) origin,extraction (hannvar valskratættoke.);(3) fœtus (þóttihenni kviknat hafa e. sitt).

eðli-borinn, pp. born in wedlock. eðlis-lög,n.pl. lawofnature; -skapan, -skepna,f. naturalconditionor quality; -skynsemd,f. nativeintelligence. eðl-vina, f. friend of vipers (dub.).

eðr, conj., see ‘eða’. ef (olderform if),conj.(1) if,incase (aldrihefðirþúíborginakomit,efek hefðavitat);inpoetrygenerallywith subj.;vegaþúgakk,efvreiðrséir(sér), ifthoubewroth;(2)=hvárt, if,whether (Egillspurði,efhannvildiuppór gröfinni);(3)asarelat.part.,sáef=sá er (rare).

ef or if,n. doubt;eferáe-u, itisdoubtful;ekkiertilefs,at, itcannotbedoubted that; útan ef, without doubt. efa or ifa (að),v. todoubt (engiefar þat);e.ume-t, todoubtaboutathing;refl.,efastíe-u, tohesitatein,beindoubt; e.ume-t=efaume-t;withgen.,e.e-s, to change one’s mind in a matter. efað-samligr,a. doubtful; -semd,f. doubtfulness, uncertainty. efa-lausliga,adv. withoutdoubt; -lauss,a. indubitable,certain; -laust, adv. without doubt, certainly. efan, f. doubt, doubting. efanar-lauss,a. undoubted; -laust, adv. undoubtedly, indubitably. efan-leikr,m. doubtfulness;-leikrsagnar, ambiguityofexpression; -ligr,a.(1) doubtful;(2) hesitating,irresolute;(3) uncertain (efanligt er mannsins eðli).

efa-samliga,adv. doubtfully; -semd,f. (1) doubt (án-semd);(2) ambiguity (semdandsvarsins); -sök,f. doubtfulcase (in law).

efja, f. mud, ooze. efla (-da, -dr),v.(1) tostrengthen structurally,toreinforce (e.veggi);létu þeire.atnýjuDanavirki, theyrestoredthe Danishwall;(2) tofound,raise (e.stað, kirkju);e.her(lið)áhendre-m, toraise troopsagainstone;e.e-n, tosupport,aid (efldiDofrihannsíðantilríkisíNoregi);

e.e-ntilrangsmáls, tohelponeinanunjustcause;(3) toperform;e.heit, tomake avow;e.atbrullaupi, toholdawedding; (4) tobeable (semvéreflumokorkum); (5)refl.,eflast, togrowstrong (hannfann, atmótstöðumennhansefldust);e.at her, togather,raisetroops;e.tilríkis, to winakingdom(byforceofarms);poet.,e. viðe-n, tomarryintoone’sfamily,=mægjast.

ef-laust,adv. undoubtedly,without doubt (eflaust má hann þat vita).

efling,f.(1) strengthening,increasein strength; (2) aid, support.

efna (-da, -dr),v. toperform,fulfil (e. orðsín,sætt,heit);refl.,efnast, toturn outinacertainway (efndistþatokvel; þat efnist opt illa).

efna (að),v. toprepare,makearrangementsforathing (e.tilvetrsetu,veizlu kaupstaðar).

efna-fæð,f., -leysi,n., -skortr,m. scarcity, want, or shortness of means.

efnd,f. fulfilmentofapromise (raun mun eptir fara um efndir).

efni,n.(1) stuff,material (sváskildu þeir,atallirhlutirværismíðaðiraf nökkuruefni);ekemgörrafústyrku efni, Iammadeoffrailstuff;cf.biskups,brúðar-,fægðar-,konu-,konungs-, mágs-,manns-,mungáts-,smíðar-efni; (2) matterofdiscourse,subject,theme (þrytimérfyrrstundintilfrásagnaren efnittilumrœðu)eigimeðsönnue., with untruestatement,falsely;núerútimitt e., nowmystoryisatanend;(3) matter, affair (segirkonungrfráölluþessue.); fátterbetrlátitene.erutíl, fewthings arereportedbetterthantheyreallyare;(4) cause,reason;látastbáðirafþvíe., both diefromthiscause;fyrirþate. (forthat

reason) keyptihannlandit(5) state,condition,affair;sagði,hvere.ívóru, hetold howmattersstood;ekveiteigigörlae. Gunnlaugs, howG.’saffairsstand;kominn íúvænte., intoacriticalcondition;óttalaussíöllue., ineveryrespect;erþessi hlutrkomtilefnis, whenthiscameaboitt; berrþattilefnis,at, ithappensthat;(6) pl., means;okbjuggustumeptirþeim efnum,semþeirhöfðutil, accordingto theirmeans;engivórue.annars,þarvóru engie.önnur, therewasnootherchanceor choice.

efni-ligr,a. hopeful,promising (efniligir menn); ekki efniligt, not advisable. efning, f. keeping fulfilment, = efnd. efni-tré, n. wood-materials, timber. efri (olderform øfri),a.compar., efstr (olderform øfstr),a.superl.,(1) upper,uppermost,opp.to‘neðri,neðstr’; beraefraskjöld, togainthevictory;verða e-me., tobesuperiorto;hitefra,(a) high aboveground (farahitefraítrjámsem apynjureðaíkornar);(b) theupperorinlandroad,opp.to‘hitytra’, alongthe shore (sumirfóruhitefratilÞríhyrningshálsa); byland,opp.tothesea;(c) ofthe innerpartofabuilding,opposedto‘hit fremra’orthepartnearestthedoor(konungrsettistíhásætiokalskipatvarhit efraokhitfremra);(2) latter,last;þetta varinnefrahlutsumars, towardstheend ofsummer;áefraaldri, advancedinyears; efstidómr, thelastjudgement;efstavika langaföstu, thelastweekofLent,Passion Week.

egðir,m.pl. theinhabitantsof Agðir,a ‘fylki’ in Norway.

egðskr, a. from Agðir. egg (gen. pl. eggja), n. egg. egg (gen. -jar,dat. -ju;pl. -jar),f.

edge;eyða(verja)oddiokeggju, byforce of arms, with might and main.

egg-bitinn,pp. cut,woundedbyan edge; -elningr,m. ascythehavingan ell-longedge; -farvegr,m. theprintof anedge; -hvass,a. sharp-edged,sharp (hvast járn).

eggja (að),v. toincite,eggoneontodo athing (e.e-ne-s or tile-s or áe-t);e.e-n fram, tourgeoneon;refl.,látaateggjast, toyieldtoanother’seggingon;e.uppáen, topickaquarrelwithone,provokeone; recipr. toeggoneanotheron (eggjuðust nú fast hvarirtveggju).

eggja-broddr, m. sharp-edged spike. eggjan, f. egging on, goading. eggjanar-fífl,n. fool,cat’spaw; -orð, n. pl. inciting (egging) words. eggjari, m. egger-on, inciter.

egg-leikr,m.poet. playwithsharp weapons,battle; -móðr,a.poet. swordsmitten.

egg-skurn, f. egg-shell.

egg-steinn,m. sharp-edgedstone; -teinn,m. ‘edge-twig’,thesteelededgeof asword;sváatfalbáða-teinasverðsins, sothatbothedgesoftheswordwerehidden.

egg-tíð,f. egg-season; -ver,n. ‘eggfield’ (aplacewhereeggsofsea-birds are gathered).

egg-völr,m. thesteelededgeofanaxe (hann snerpir eggvölinn).

egipta-land, n. the land of Egypt. egipzkr, a. Egyptian. egna (-da, -dr),v.(1) touseasabait, withdat.(e.oxahöfðiaöngul);(2) tofurnishwithabait,tobait,withacc.(e. snöru,net,gildru);(3) tobaitfor (e.aurriða);e.veiði, tosetbaitfortheprey;(4) to incite, provoke.

ei,adv.(1) ever,=ey,æ;eiokei, forever andever;(2) not,=eigi(as‘aldri’for‘aldrigi’).

eið, n. isthmus, neck of land (mjött e.). eiða, f. poet. mother (rare).

eiða-brigði,n. breachofoath; -fullting,n. oath-help; -kona,f. femalecompurgator; -lið,n. oathhelpers,compurgators; -mál,n. thematteroftakinganoath. eið-bróðir,m. aswornconfederate; -bundinn,pp. oath-bound; -fall,n. failinginone’soath; -fœra (-ða, -ðr),v. tochargeonewithathingbyanoath; -fœring, -fœrsla,f. chargingbyan oath; -fœrr,a. able,competenttotakean oath; -hjálp,n. oath-help; -laust,adv. without an oath.

eiðr (-s, -ar),m. oath;vinna,sverja eið, totake(swear)anoath;rjúfaeið, to breakanoath;gangatileiða, toproceedto thetakingofoaths;eigiverðreinneiðralla, a single oath does not clear all men. eið-rof,n. breachofanoath; -rofi,m. violatorofanoath,perjurer; -spjall,n. takingofanoath;hlýðatil-spjallse-s, to listentoone’soath; -stafr,m. oath-formula; -svari,m. oneboundbyoath,liegeman; -sœrr,a. thatmaybeswornto,absolutelytrue; -unning,f. thetakingofan oath; -varr,a. cautious(conscientious)as to an oath; -vætti, n. testimony on oath. eiga (á,átta,áttr),v.(1) toown,possess (Starkaðráttihestgóðan);(2) tohave (e. börn,föður,móður,vin);e.konu, tohave herforwife;hannáttiGró, hewasmarried toG.;hanngekkate.Þóru, hetookTh. forhiswife,hemarriedTh.;engavilek þessae., Iwillnotmarryanyofthese;e. heima, tohaveahome,tolive (þeiráttu heimaaustríMörk);e.sére-t=e.et(Höskuldráttisérdóttur,erHallgerðr

hét);e.váne-s, tohavehopeofathing, toreckonupon;e.hlutat or íe-u, tohave ashareinathing,tobeconcernedin;e. valdáe-u, tohavewithinone’spower;(3) tobeunderobligation,beobliged,haveto doathing;tólfmenn,þeirerfylgðáttu meðkonungi, whowereboundtoattend theking’sperson;áekþarfyriratsjá, I ambound(Ihave)toseetothat;áttiHrútr föríVestfjorðu, H.hadtogototheV.; (4) tohavearight(claim)to,beentitledto (e.höggokhöfnískóginum);e.málíem, tohaveachargeagainstone;e.réttá sér, tohavea(personal)claimtoredress; (5) tokeep,hold;e.fund,þing,samkvámu,stefnu, toholdameeting;e.kaupstefnu, tohodamarket;e.orrustuviðen, tofightabattlewithone;e.höggviðen, toexchangeblowswithone;e.illtviðen, toquarrelwith;e.tal(or mál)viðe-n, tospeak,conversewithone;(6)asanauxiliarywithpp.=hafa(þaterviðáttum mælt);e.skilit, tohavestipulated;(7) to haveto (skalÞ.eigiatþvíe.atspotta); e.hendrsínaritverja, tohavetoactin self-defence;e.umvandræðiathalda, to beinastrait;(8)e.e-me-t, toowetoone (munæ,hvatþúáttþeimerveitir);(9) tobethepersondenotedbyathing;þat muntuætla,atekmune.hinnbleikauxann, thatthefawn-colouredoxmeansme; (10)withpreps.,e.e-tate-m, tohave somethingduefromone,toexpectfromone (þatvileke.atþér,atþúsegirmérfrá ferðþinni); todeservefromone (okáek annatatþér);þeirermikitþóttustatsér e., hadmuchintheirpower;e.e-teptir, tohavetodoyet,tohaveleftundone (þat áttueptir,ererfiðaster,enþateratdeyja); toleavebehindone (andaðistokáttieptirtvásonuvaxna);e.e-tsaman, to

ownincommon;e.skapsaman, toagree well,beofonemind;eigiveitek,hvárt viðeigumheillsaman, whetherweshall livehappytogether;e.saman, toquarrel, =e.deildsaman;e.umviðe-n, tohave todealwith (viðbrögðóttaáttunúum); þarsemviðvinimínaerumate., where myfriendsareconcerned;e.e-tundirem, tohaveinanother’shands;Njállátti mikitféundirStarkaðiokíSandgili, N. hadmuchmoneyoutatinterestwithSt. andatSandgil,ersáeigivelstaddr,er lífsittáundirþinumtrúnaði, whoselife dependsonthygoodfaith;e.mikit(lítit) undirsér, tohavemuch(little)inone’s power;farþúviðmargamenn,sváatþú eigiralltundirþér, thatthewholematter restsinthyownhands;hannsá,athann áttiekkiundirsér, thathehadnoinfluence;e.viðe-n, tohavetodowith,fight with (bráttfunduþeir,atþeiráttuþarekkiviðsinnmaka);ekkiáekþettaviðþik, thisisnobusinessbetweentheeandme; e.gott(illt)viðe-n, tobeongood(bad) termswithone;e.viðkonu, tohaveintercoursewith,=e.lag(samræði)viðkonu; recipr.,eigastvið, todealwithoneanother; fight,quarrel;e.viðdeildir, tobeengagedinstrife;áttustþeirhöggvaskipti við, theyexchangedblowswithoneanother.

eiga,f.(1) possession;kastasinnieigu, leggjasínaeigu,íe-t, totakepossession of; (2) property. eigandi (pl. eigendr),m. owner,possessor. eigi,adv. not;eigi…ok, nor (e.vilek ok þat mitt ráð kalla). eigin,n.(1) one ’ sown,one ’sproperty; (2) new sprout of corn. eigin,a.indecl. own,=eiginn(var

jarðaðrísinnie.borg);this‘eigin’may alsobeconsideredasthefirstpartof acompound; -borg,f. one’sowntown; -bóndi,m. husband; -brœðr,m.pl. one’sownbrothers; -dóttir,f. one ’ sown daughter; -giptast (see gipta),v.refl., tomarry,bemarriedto (ofawoman); -girnd, -girni,f. selfishness; -gjarnligr,a. selfish; -húsfrú, -kona, -kván,f. wife; -kvángaðr, -kvæntr,pp. lawfullymarried (ofaman); -kyn,n. peculiarity; -lauss,a. havingnoproperty,poor; -leikr,m. quality,peculiarity; -liga, adv. properly,strictly; -ligr,a. one ’ sown, personal,particular;sjá-ligumaugum, withone’sowneyes;-ligtnafn, proper name; -maðr, m. husband. eiginn,a. own,proper (meðsamþykt eiginnar konu).

eigin-nafn,n. propername; -orð,n. (1) possession;fáe-tat-orði, togetpossessionof,opp.to‘fáe-tatláni’;(2) wedding,marriage (bjóðae-mkonutil-orðs); -raun,f. one’sownexperience; -tunga, f. one’s own native tongue. eign,f.(1) property,possession;kasta sinnie.,leggjae.sína,áe-t, totakepossessionof;(2) estate,landedproperty,esp. pl. (hann átti eignir í Vík austr).

eigna (að),v.(1) toassign,attributeto one (eignae-me-t);eignasére-t, todeclareathingtobeone’sownproperty,to taketooneself;eignasérland, totakeland intoone’sownhands;refl.,eignast, tobecometheownerof,toget;(2) todedicate to,nameafterone (eignae-mkvæði,eigna Þór hof).

eignaðr,pp. having,possessionsor property (vel eignaðr).

eigna-lauss,a. havingnoproperty,destitute.

eignar-ákall,n. claimofownership; -bróðir,m. one’sownbrother; -hlutr, m.(1) privateshare,property;(2) partof anestate; -jörð,f. patrimony; -kona,f. =eiginkona; -lýrittr,m. legaltitleof ownership; -maðr,m. owner,possessor; -nafn,n. propername; -sonr,m. one ’ s ownson; -spúsa,f.=-kona; -vili,m. one’sownwill; -vitni, -vætti,n. witness of ownership.

eigna-skipti, n. exchange of land. ei-góðr,a. ‘evergood’,beloved,asa nickname; -grœnn, a. evergreen. eigu-ligr, a. worth having, precious. eik (gen. eikar and eikr,pl. eikr),f. oak, also a tree in general.

eikar-kefli,m. oakenstick; -stofn, -stubbi, m. oak stump, oak stub. eiki,n. oaktimber; -áss,m. oaken beam; -kylfa,f. oakenclub; -köstr,m. pile of oak wood.

eikinn, a. wild, vehement (of fire). eiki-skógr,m. oakwood,oakforest; -stobbi,m. stumpofanoak; -stokkr, m. oakstock; -súla,f. oakencolumn; -tindaðr,pp. withoakenpegs; -viðr,m. oakwood,oaktimber; -vöndr,m. twigof an oak tree.

eikja, f. a small ferry-boat. eikju-karfi, m. = eikja.

ei-ligr, a. eternal (rare).

eilífð, f. eternity, eternal life. eilífðar-friðr,m. everlastingpeace; -yndi,n. everlastinghafipiness; -ömbun, f. eternal recompense. ei-lífi, n. = eilífð.

eilífis-fagnaðr, m. everlasting joy. eilíf-leikr,m. eternity; -liga,adv. eternally,toalleternity; -ligr,a. eternal, everlasting. ei-lífr,a. eternal,everlasting;at-lífu,

for ever and ever.

ei-lítill, a. very small, very little. eimi, eimr, m. reek, vapour.

ei-muni,m. anevermemorabething; þaterþeim-muni, theywillneverfogetit. eimyrja,f. embers (eldroke.;aller ægir sem í eimyrju hrœri). eina, adv. only, alone.

ein-angr,m. agreatstrait (vaskröruggr,íeinangri); -angra (að),v. toputone in a strait. einarðar-fátt,a.n.,e-mverðr-fátt onefailsincourage; -lauss,a. wavering, treacherous; -leysi,n. inconstancy,unreliableness; -maðr,m. asteadfast,trusty man.

einarð-liga,adv. firmly,heartily; -ligr,a. firm,determined-looking,faithful; -mæltr, a. frank, out-spoken. einarðr,a.(1) single (einartþak);(2) firm, determined, reliable. einart,adv.(1) incessantly;(2) straight, directly.

ein-bakaðr,pp. once-baked; -bani,m. single-handedslayer; -berni,n. only child; -beygðr,pp. sole,only (-beygðr kostr); -bjarga,a.indecl self-supporting, independent; -breiðr,a. ofasingle breadth,halfayardbroad (ofstuff); -búi, m. singledweller; -bœli,n. singlehousehold; -daga (að),v. tofixadayforathing (eindagafé,þing,leigu,brullaup); -dagi, m. afixedtime,term; -drœgr,a. incessant,continuous (gerumþeimeindrœgja hríðina); -dœmi,n.(1) therighttobesole arbiterinacase;(2) anunexampledthing; -eggjáðr,pp. one-edged; -eiði (=eins eiðr),n. silenceoath; -eign,f. soleownership; -eygðr,a. one-eyed; -falda (að), v. touseinthesingular;einfaldaákall, to addresswith‘thou’; -faldleikr,m. sim-

plicity; -faldliga,adv. simply,singly; -faldligleikr, m. = -fald-leikr.

ein-faldr,a.(1) simple; single;(2) weakinintellect,silly;(3) plain,common (einfaldrbóndi); -farar,f.pl. walkingalone; -feldi,f. simplicity,weakintellect; -feldr,a. bentononething,resolute; -ferðir,f.pl.=-farar; -fyndr,a.(1) belongingtothefinderalone (hvalreinfyndr);(2) asfinderentitledtothewhole (einfyndrathval); -fœrr,a. abletogoalone; -fœtingr,m. one-leggedman; -fœttr, pp. one-legged; -för, f., see -farar.

einga,a.indecl. only,single;e.barn, onlychild;e.vinr, onlyfriend,intimate friend.

ein-ganga,f. solitarywalk;ganga eingöngu, towalkalone; -getinn,pp. onlybegotten; -hama,a.indecl., -hamr, a. single-shaped,opp.to‘hamrammr’; Þrándrvarkallaðreigieinhamr, Th.was thoughttobeawerewolf; -harðr,a.= einarðr; -hendis,adv. straight,off-hand; -hendr,a. one-handed; -herjar,m.pl. thedeadwarriors (inValhalla)sing.,einheri, greatchampion (ofThor); -hjal,n. privatetalk(betweentwo); -hleypingr, m., -hleypismaðr,m. singleperson withouthearthorhome; -hleypr,a. single,unmarried; -hlítr,a. fullysufficient, adequate (tile-s, to);láttsére-teinhlítt, torestsatisfiedwith;veraséreinhlítr, not toneedthehelpofothers; -hugað-liga, adj., unanimously; -hugi,a. whollyintent on (áe-t); -hugsa (að),v. tomakeup one’smind; -hverfa (-ða, -ðr),v. toturn athinginonedirection;einhverfaætlan sínafyrirsér, todecideupondoingathing; -hverfr,a. determined; -hverr,pron., see‘einnhverr’;einhversstaðar, somewhere; -hyrndr,a. one-horned; -hyrn-

ingr, m. unicorn. einigr, a. (1) any; (2) no, = engi. eining, f. unity (þrennr í einingu).

einir (gen. einis), m. juniper. ein-járnungr,m. acuttingtoolor weapon made of one piece of iron. einka (að),v. toappointforaparticular use (einka e-t til e-s).

einka-,incompds., special,particular; glöf,f. specialgift; -grið,n. special truce; -gripr,m. specialfamilyheirloom; -jartegn,n. specialtoken; -leyfi, -lof, n. speciallease; -maðr,m. apersonof specialrank,dignitary; -mál,n.(1) special agreement; (2) privilege. einkan-liga,adv. especially,particularly; -ligr, a. special, extraordinary. ein-kanna (að),v.=einka, toassign specially.

einkanna-hlutr,m. adistinguishing mark or feature.

einkar,adv. very,exceedingly (e.fagr, hræddr);e.mjök, verymuch e.skjótt, withgreatspeed;e.vel, extremelywell; incompds.withnouns=einka-; -eðli, n. specialnature; -nafn,n. propername; -skriptargangr, m. special confession. einka-stæla,f. particularorpersonal happiness; -vinr, m. a particular friend. ein-kenna (-da, -dr),v. tofurnishwith adistinctivemark,disinguish,signalize; -kenniligr,a. especial,particular; -kenning, f. distinction. einkum,adv.(1) chiefly,especially;(2) very (e. góðr, e. bezt). ein-kunn,f. markofownership(onanimals); -kvæntr,pp. havingonlyonewife; -kynna (-da, -dr),v. tomark (animals); -lagi,a.,vera,gerasteinlagiume-t, to actaloneinathing; -lát,n. deserting one’swifeorhusband (cf.‘látakonu eina’); -leikr,m. unity; -leitr,a. singularinone’sbehaviour,odd; -litr,a. of onecolour; -lyndi,n. obstinacy,stubbornness; -lyndr,a. obstinate,stubborn; -læti,n.(1)=einlyndi;(2)=-lát;ætla konueinlæti, tointendtodesertone’s wife; -máll,a. opinionated; -man,n. solitude;búaíeinmani, toliveinsolitude; -mana,a.indecl. solitarylonely,friendless. einmánaðar-samkváma,f. ameeting held in ‘einmánaðr’. ein-mánaðr,m. thelastmonthofwinter (partofMarchandApril); -mani,a.= -mana; -menningr,m.,drekkaeinmenning, toemptythedrinking-horneachone byhimself; -móðliga,adv. firmly,resolutely; -mæli,n.(1) privatetalkorconference;(2) commontalk (varþatallra mannaeinmæli); -mælingr,m. onemeal only;hafaeinmæling, toeatonemeala day; -mælt,adv. oneaday,onemeala day (eta,drekkaeinmælt); -mæltr,pp. unanimously said (þat var einmælt, at). einn,card.numb.andpron.(1) one;e. skalviðe.eiga, oneshallfightagainstone; e.oke., onebyone,oneatatime,singly; (2)asord.numb.=innfyrsti(Urðhétueina,aðraVerðandi,Skuldinaþriðju); (3) thesame,oneandthesame (váru sveinarnirupfœddirbáðiríeinuþorpi); alltíeinaleið, allinoneway;e.…ok, thesameas (íeinuherbergiokhinn);allr e., theverysame,quitethesame (þater allteittokhiminn);alltateinu, nevertheless,forallthat (þóatþúþjónaðirillum, þóvarhannalltateinuþinnherra);(4) indef. one,acertain (e.vetr,e.dag,eitt kveld);e.vinrÞóris, acertainfriendof Th.;beforenumbers, about,some;einar fimmþúsundir, somefivethousand;einir

…aðrir, some…others (einirtókudúka okaðrirrekkjublæjur);e.okýmiss, one andanother (einarokýmissarþjóðir);(5) afteranegation, any;néeitt, notanything;(6)gen.pl.‘einna’usedinanintensivesense;einnamannabezt, bestof all(single)men;einnaverst, byfarthe worst;einnasízt, byfartheleast,leastof all;engiereinnahvatastr, nomanissuperiortoallothers;(7) alone (Guðrúnskyldi einráðafyrirféþeirra);látakonueina, todesertordivorceone’swife;withgen., hannvarðe.sinnamanna, hewasseparatedfromhismen;ifputafterthenoun ‘einn’generallydenotes only,but;segja þettapretteinn, tocallthisameretrick; víneitt, wineonly;varþat(handklæði) raufareinar, allinholes,meretatters;fáir einir, onlyafew;e.sér or sére., quiteby oneself,alone (hannvare.sér);e.saman, e.samt, quitealone;konaeigieinsaman, notalone,withchild;ateins, only,but;eigiateins, notonly;þvíateins, onlyin thatcase;údauðrateins, merelynotdead, allbutdead,barelyalive;ateinu=ateins.

ein-nefna (-da, -dr), v. to appoint. einn-hverr (ein-hver, eitthvert),indef.pron.;exceptinnom. andacc.sing.masc.andneut.ein-is generallyindecl.;(1) some,someone; einnhverndag, someday;eitthvertsinn, einhverjusinni, sometime,once;asa noun(meðaneinnhverrvárrbúandanna erlífs);(2)asanintensivewithsuperl. ágætastrmaðreinnhverr, oneofthevery foremostmen;(3) each,eachone,usually intwowords(órþeirrafjórðungisemór einum hverjum öðrum).

einnig, einnug (=einnveg),adv. in thesameway,likewise,also;áe.(=áeinn veg), in the same manner.

ein-nættr,a. onenightold; -ráðinn, pp. havingmadeupone’smind,resolved (íe-u,tile-s, upon);hafaeinráðitatgera e-t, tohavemadeupone’smindtodoa thing; -ráðr,a. self-willed; -reikull,a. inclinedtoroamaboutalone; -ræði,n. self-willed; -rœða,f. privateconference; -rœnligr,a. strange,odd; -rœnn,a. singular in his behaviour. eins,adv. alike,inthesameway;e.ok, as (bare.víðokíValþjófsstöðum); asif (e.okværihannmeðölluóttalauss);allt e.ok, justas (allte.okrakkarmetjameð tungu);allte.=alltateinu,seeeinn3;at eins, see einn 7. ein-samall,a. alone (rare)=einn saman.

ein-seta,f.(1) solitude;(2) solitarylife, hermit’s life; (3) hermitage. einsetu-bróðir,m. anchoret,recluse, hermit; -klefi, -kofi,m. hermit’scell; -kona,f. hermitess,anchoress; -lifnaðr, m. thelifeofananchoret,hermit’slife; -ligr,a. pertaining,to einseta; -líf,n.= -lifnaðr; -maðr, -munkr, m. = -bróðir. eins-hverr, indef. pron. = einnhverr. ein-skapan,f. therighttofixone’sown terms; -skipa,a.indecl. withasingleship (þúsigldireinskipa); ein-skirr,a. perfectlyclear (einskírtveðr); -skjaldar, adv. underthesameshield,actingtogether; -skora (að),v.,einskorahugsinn, to make up one’s mind; -skærligr, a. pure. eins-liga,adv. privately,singly; -ligr, a.(1) single =einfaldr;einsligtala, singularnumber;(2) private (einsligáminning); (3) especial, particular. ein-staðar,adv. insomeplace; -staka,a.indecl. single,occurringnovand then,hereandthere; -stapi,m. akind offern; -stigi,n. narrowpath; -streng-

ja (-da, -dr),v. tomakefirm;einstrengja þáætlanfyrirsérat, toresolvefirmly; -stœðr, a. solitary, bereaved. eins-vígi, n. single combat, = einvígi. ein-sýnn,a.(1) one-eyed;(2) evident, obvious;ateinsýnu, evidently; -sætt,a. n. clear,evident,onlyinthephrase,etereinsxtt, istheonlythingtobedone; -sögn,f. asingleperson’sstatement; -tal,n. privateconference (gangaáeintal); -talat,pp.n.,varðþeimeintalat umHelgu, theytalkedofnothingbutH.; -teiti,a. inhighspirits,quitemerry; -tómi,a. quiteunoccupied,disengaged; -trjánungr, m. a boat made of a single tree. einugi,neut,dat.from‘engi’;e.feti framarr, not a step further. ein-urð,f.=-örð; -vala,a.indecl. chosen,select;einvalakappi, greatchampion;einvalalið, pickedtroops; -vald,n. absolutegovernment,solesovereinity; tiundivetreinvaldshans, thetenthyear ofhisreign; -valdi,m. monarch,sovereign (einvaldie-s or yfire-u); -valdr,m. = -valdi).

einvalds-herra, -höfðingi,m. autocrat,monarch; -konungr,m. absolute king; -ríki, n. absolute sway, empire. ein-valinn,pp. select,picked; -vild, f., -vili,m. self-will; -virðing,f. one ’ s own choice; af einvirðingu, especially. einvirðu-liga,adv. exceedingly,especially; -ligr, a. especial. ein-virki,m. singleworker,apoorhusbandmanwhohasnoservants; -vist,f. solitude;veraeinvistum, tolivealone; -vígi,n. singlecombat,duel; einvígismaðr,m. onewhofightsinsinglecombat, a duellist. ein-vænn,a. inahopelessstate,sinking fast (liggja,vera,einvænn); -völdugr,a.

absolute; -vörðungum,adv. particularly; -yrki,m.=-virki; -þykki,n. self-will; -þykkr,a. self-willed,stubborn; -æri,n. termofoneyear; -ærr,a. lastingoneyear, ofoneyear (einærtíund); -ætl,n.pl., onlyinthephrase,etae-teinætum, to eatalone,inprivate; -örð (gen. -arðar), f.(1) franknes,boldness,fairness (hafa einörðtilatgangaviðe-u);einörðvárrar frásagnar, thefairnessofourstory;(2) fidelity,loyalty (atlandsfólkitmundisnúit fráeinörðinniviðkonung);(3) firmconviction (þatereinörðmín,atþaterat engum kosti rétt).

eir, f. one of the heathen goddesses. eir, n. brass, copper. eira (-ða, -t),v.(1) tospare,withdat. (atþeirskyldueirakonumokkirkjum); e.undane-u, toyieldto;(2)e-meiriretvel(illa), itagreeswell(ill)withone,he iswellpleased(displeased)withit (Eiríki konungieirðiþettastórilla);honumeirir illa,ef, heisannoyed,if;(3)e.e-nafe-u, to deprive one of. eir-altari,n. brazenaltar; -baugr,m. brazen ring.

eirð, f. clemency, mercy. eir-guð,m. anidolofbrass; -hjálmr, m. brazen helmet. eirinn, a. forbearing, lenient. eir-ker,n. brazenvessel; -ketill,m. brazenkettle; -kross,m. brazencross; -kyrtill,m. brazencloak; -ligr,a. brazen; -nökkvi,m. brazenboat; -ormr, m. brazenserpent; -peningr,m. brass coin,coppercoin; -pípa,f. brasstube; -skjöldr,m. brazenshield; -steypari, m. brass-founder; -stólpi,m. pillarof brass; -teinn,m. brasswire; -uxi,m. brazen ox (image).

eisa, f. glowing embers.

eisa (að),v.(1) torushon;gangaeisanda, togodashingthroughthewaves (ofa ship);eisandiúðr, foamingwave;(2)eisa eldum, to shower down embers.

eiskald, n., eisköld, f. poet. heart. eiskra (að), v. to roar, rage. eiskran, f. roaring, raging. eista (gen.pl. eistna),n. testicle, stone (eistun þrútnuðu).

eistland, n. Esthonia. eistriestir, a. Esthonian. eistr, eistrir, m. pl. the Esthonians. eitla (að),v.,onlyinthephrase,e.augum, to look stern. eitr,n. poison (kastaeitriídrylk);fig. bitterness, malice. eitra (að),v. topoison (eitrasmyrsl); eitraðr, poisonous (eitrat hatr). eitr-á,f. poisonousstream; -blandinn,pp. impregnated,tainted withpoison,poisoned,envenomed; -blásinn,pp. swollenupwithpoison; -blástr,m.(1) inflammationfrompoison;(2) poisonousbreath; -bólginn,pp. =eitr-blásinn; -dalr,m. ‘venomdale’; -drep,n. deadlypoison,poisoning; -drepinn,pp. killedbypoison,poisoned; -dropi,m. dropofpoison; -drykkr,m. poisoneddrink; -eggjaðr,pp. havinga poisonededge; -fár,a. venomous (eitrfárormr); -fluga,f. venomousinsect; -fullr,a. kindofpoison; -herðr,pp. temperedinpoison (sverðitvar-hertí); -kaldr,a. deadlycold; -kveisa,f. venomoussore,anickname; -kvikja,f. venomousyeast; -kvikvendi,n. venomous creature; -ligr,a. poisonous; -maðkr,m. venomousmaggot; -naðra,f. poisonous adder; -ormr,m. poisonousserpent; -padda, f. venomous toad. eitrs-fullr, a. full of venom.

eitr-tandraðr,pp. glitteringwithpoison, = eitr-fár.

ei-vesandi,pr.p. everlasting,eternal; -vist, f. = eilífi.

ek,pers.pron. I;inpoetryandold proseapronominal k issuffixedtothe verb,emk=emek,vask=vasek;sák= sáek;mundak=mundaek;evenifprecededbyek:eksék,eksitk;apreceding g becomesbyassimilation k,hykk=hygg ek;thepronominal k isinsertedbetween thesuffixednegative, -a or -at,andthe verb,sáka=sáek-a, Isawnot;veitka= veit ek-a, I know not. ekja,f. carting,carryinginacart (sumir tóku til ekju).

ekju-vegr, m. cart-road. ekka-lauss, a. griefless. ekki,m. heavy,sobbing,sorrow,grief (angr ok ekki).

ekki,nom.andacc.neut.sing.of‘engi’, nothing,nought;alsousedasadv., not, = eigi.

ekkja,f. widow (varþatlítit,atbera ekkju nafn); poet. woman. ekkju-búnaðr,m. widow’sweeds; -dómr,m. widowhood; -lífi,n. widowed life; -sonr, m. widow’s son. ekla, f. dearth, want. ekra, f. corn-field, acre. él,n.(1) showerofrain,snoworhail;(2) fig. a hot fight. elda (elda, eldr),v.(1) tolight,kindle afire (hanneldirundirkatlinum);with dat.ofthefuel(e.viði);(2) tokindle, light,setfireto,withacc.;e.vita, tokindleabeacon;fig.,e.huge-s, tokindle one’smind;ekskalyðrahúðe.knáliga meðklungrum, Ishallmakeyousmart; (3) toheat,warm (e.hús,e.ofntilbrauðs) tosmelt;fig.,e.gráttsilfr, tobebad

friends;(4)impers.,eldihérlengiafmeð þeimbrœðrum, thesparkofresentment waslongfeltamongthebrothers;(5) it clearsup;eldinokkutélit(acc.), theshowerclearedupalittle;nótt(acc.)eldir, the night brightens, the day dawns.

eldast (d),v.refl. togrow,old;hann tekrnúateldastmjök, heisbeginningto age fast.

elda-hús, n., -skáli, m. = eldhús

eld-bakaðr,pp. bakedonembers; -beri,m. fire-pan,brasier; -brandr,m. firebrand; -bruni,m.(1) fire,conflagration;(2) cauterization (atgrœðameð -bruna); -böllr,m. fireball; -fimr,a. inflammable,easilycombustible; -fœri,n. pl. anapparatusforstrikingfire,tinderbox; -gróf, -gröf,f. fire-pit; -hús,n. (1) ‘fire-house’,hallorsitting-room;(2) kitchen.

eldhús-dyrr,f.pl. doorwayofaneldhús; -fífl,n. anidiotwhositsallday bythefire; -hurð,f. doorofaneldhús; -skot, n. (see skot).

eldi,n.(1) procreation (hafaeðlitilbarnaeldis);(2) fetus,offspring (eldiþat,er fram,kemrafkviðikonunnar);komast fráeldisínu, tobedeliveredofachild;(3) maintenance,feeding (þarerekkigestaeldi mælt).

eldi-brandr,m.(1) firewood,fuel;(2) firebrand.

eldi-gamall,a. veryold; -ligr,a.elderly, old-looking.

elding,f.(1) firing,heating,warming (ofnartileldingar);(2) smelting,refining (gullþat,erstenzte.);(3) lightning (því nastflugueldingarokreiðar);(4) daybreak, dawn (= nætr-elding).

eldinga-flaug, -flug,n.,flashof lightning; -mánaðr,m. amonthinwhich

lightning is frequent.

eldi-skíð,n. pieceoffirewood; -stokkr,m. firebrand; -torf,n. turffor fuel.

eldiviðar-fátt,a.n.,e-mverðr-fátt, onebecomesshortoffuel; -leysi,n. want of fuel; -stika, f. stick of firewood. eldi-viðr, m. firewood, fuel. eld-ker,n. brasier; -kveikja,f. firelighter;fástmunannattileld-kveikna, somethingelsewillbegottolightafire with; -ligr,a. fiery,offire (eldligr stólpi); -næmr,a. easilycatchingfire, flammable.

eldr (-s, -ar),m. fire;takaeld,drepa (upp)eld, tostrikefire:kveikja(upp)eld, tolightafire;bregða(koma,skjóta)eldi íe-t,láta(leggja)eldíe-t, tosetfireto, tosetonfire;e.varðlaussoklékskjótt, a firebrokeoutandspreadrapidly;e.hraut afsverðumþeirra, sparksoffireflewfrom their swords. eldr,pp. grownold,wornbyage;kvazt e.veramjökfráúfriði, saidthathewastoo old for fighting. elds-bruni,m. burningoffire; -daunn,m.smellofpre(kenna-daun); -fullr,a. fulloffire; -gangr,m. raging offire,conflagration; -glór,n. glareof fire; -gneisti,m. sparkoffire; -gólf,n. hearth-floor; -gögn,n.pl. materialsfor firing; -gørð,f. makingfire; -hiti,m. fiery heat. eld-skáli,m.=eldaskáli; -skíð,n.= eldiskíð. eld-skíða, f. = eldskíð, eldiskíð. elds-kveykja,f.=eldkveikja; -litr, m. fieryhue; -liki,n. shape(likeness)of fire (í-líki); -ljós,n. fire-light; -logi, m. flameoffire; -matr,m. foodoffire; -neyti,n. fuel; -písl,f. torturebyfire;

-sókn,f. fetchingoffire; -stólpi,m. pillar of fire.

eld-stokkr,m. firebrand; -stó (pl. -stóar), fire-place, hearth.

elds-uppkváma,f. volcaniceruption; -váði,m. dangeroffire; conflagration; -vélar,f.pl. firedevices; -verk,n. tendingthefire; -viðr,m.eldiviðr; -vimr,m. gleam of fire; -virki, n. tinder-box.

eld-sætinn, -sætr,a. habituallysittingbythefire (forwarmth); -tinna,f. flint to strike fire with.

elfar-bakki, m. bank of a river.

elfar-byggjar, -grímar,m.pl. the dwellersonthebanksoftheGotha (Gautelfr); -kvíslir,f.pl. thearmsoftheGotha, alsousedofthemouthsoftheNile; -sker, n.pl. theskerriesatthemouthofthe Gotha.

elfr (gen. elfar,dat.andacc. elfi), f. river;esp.asprop.nameinSaxelfr, the Elbe;Gautelfr or Elfr, theriverGotha (in Sweden); Raumelfr (in Norway).

elfskr, a. from the river Gotha. elg-fróði,m. centaur (amonsterhalf man and half elk).

elgja-gröf,f. elkpit; -hold,n. fleshof the elk; -veiðr, f. elk-hunting. elgr (-s, -ir), m. elk. elg-skógr, m. a forest with elks. eligr, a. mean, poor, = æligr. eli-vágar,m.pl.(mythologicalname).

elja,f. arivalwife (þærkonurerueljur er einn mann eigu).

eljan, f. endurance, energy. eljanar-lauss,a.wanting energy,inactive.

eljara-gletta, f. pertness, sarcasm. eljun,f.=eljan; eljunar-leysi,n. wantofenergy,weakness; -maðr,m. energetic man.

eljun-frœkn,a. doughty (selduskeiða eljunfrœknir); -lauss,a.=eljanarlauss; -leysi, n. = eljunarleysi.

él-kaldr, a. ice-cold (of a stream).

ella,adv.andconj.(1) else,otherwise (skaltueigiannatþoraenfaraellaskalek drepaþik);eðaella, orelse;eðaheithvers mannsníðingrella, orelsebecalledthe ‘nithing’ofeveryman;(2) or,orelse (annathvártatkomahonumámittvald,ella drepa hann sjálfr).

ellar, adv. and conj. = ella, elligar. elli, f. old age (fyrir e. sakir).

elli-belgr,m. the‘slough’ofoldage (kasta-belginum); -bjúgr,a. bowed downwithage; -dagar,m.pl. olddays; -dauðr,a.verða-dauðr, todieofoldage. elliði,m. akindofship; elli-dómr, m. old age.

ellifti, ord. numb. the eleventh. ellifu, card. numb. eleven. elli-gamall, a. very old. elligar, adv. and conj. = ella.

elli-glöp, n. pl. dotage of old age. él-ligr,a. showery-looking (þóttimér nökkut él-ligt vera).

elli-hamr,m.=-belgr; -hrumr,a. decrepitwithage; -hærur,f.pl. hoarinessofage; -karl,m. oldman; -lyf,n. medicinetokeepoffoldage; -móðr,a. wearywithage; -sjúkr,a. infirmthrough age; -stoð,f. stayofoldage; -tíð,f. time ofoldage; -vafa,f. decrepitude,infirmityofage; -vamm,n. blemishofoldage; -þokki,m. oldishlook (hratthónafsér elli-þokka).

ellri, a. compar. elder, older. ellztr,a.superl. eldest,oldest (ellztr brœðranna; hinn ellzti sonr).

elma, f. branch, twig. elna (að),v. towax,grow;sóttelnará

hendre-m,e-melnarsóttin, one’sillness becomes worse.

elptr (gen. elptar), f. swan (= álpt).

elri, n., elrir (gen. -is), m. alder. elris-hundr, m. the wind (poet.).

elska (að),v. tolove (hannelskaðiekki annatgoðmeirenFrey);refl.,elskast ate-m, togrowfondof;recipr., tolove oneanother (höfðuþauJónelskaztfrá barnœsku).

elska,f.love(=ást);hafaelskuáe-m, toloveone;leggjaelskuáe-n or viðe-n, to take a fancy for, to fall in love with one. elskan-liga,adv. lovingly; -ligr,a. beloved, lovable.

elskari, m. lover (e. e-s).

elskhuga-maðr, m. lover, = elskari. elsk-hugi,m.(1) love;(2) belovedperson (minn ágætr elskhugi).

elskr,a. fondlyattachedtoone (e.atem), of persons and animals.

elsku-band,n. tie(bond)oflove; -bragð,n. deedoflove; -fullr,a. fullof love; -grátr,m. tearsoflove; -grein,f. aspecialkindoflove; -lauss,a. loveless; -leysi,n. lovelessness; -liga,adv.(1) lovingly;(2) heartily,delightfully; -ligr,a. (1) affectionate;(2) beloved,dear (e. faðir!);elskuligre-m, deartoone; -mark, n. token of love.

elta (elta, eltr),v.(1) toknead (e. leir);ekskalyðrabúðe. (belabour) með klungrum;(2) tochase,pursue;e.óxn meðvendi, todrivecattlewithagoad;e. sauði, torunaftersheep;refl.,eltasteptir e-m, to pursue eagerly. elting (pl. -ar), f. pursuing, chasing. embætta (-tta, -tt),v.(1) toattend, serve,waitupon,e.e-m(eigagestum.at e.);e.fé, toattendtothecattle,tomilk; (2) toadministerthesacramenttoone (e. e-m).

embætti,n.(1) service,=þjónosta1; veitae-me., toserveone;bindastíe-se., toenterone’sservice;guðligte., holyservice;hefiekmörgvandræðiþolatíþinu e., inyourservice;(2) thesacrament,eucharist,=þjónosta3;(3) office (biskupligt e.);bjóðae-mafe., todeposeonefromoffice.

embættis-fœrr,a. abletoperform one’sduties; -gørð,f. performanceofa (religious)duty; -lauss,a. holdingnooffice (ofapriest); -maðr,m.(1) servant; (2) priest. emenda (að), emendera (að),v. to emend (a book).

emja (að), v. to howl, shriek. emjan, f. howling, shrieking. en,conj.(1) but;enheimamuneksitja, butIwillstayathome;(2)asacopulative, and,=ok;ekkannráðum,Gunnhildar, enkappsemdEgils, Iknowthedevicesof G.and(ontheotherhand)Egil’seagerness;(3)=‘an’, than (óbrigðravinfær maðr aldregi en mannvit mikit).

en,inNorseMSS.=ef,er(rel.pron. andtemp.conj.);(1) if;sælarværi sálurnar,enþærvissi, iftheyknew;(2) asarel.pron.,=er;mínadóttur,en(= er)allrameyjaerfegrst, whoisthefairest ofallmaidens;(3) when,=er,þáer(þeir vóru í hjá, en upp var lesit). enda,conj.(1)withsubj.(astanding phraseinthelawconnectingthelatter clauseofaconditionalpremiss) if,andif, andincasethat,andsupposingthat;nú hefirmaðrsveinbarnframfœrtíœsku, endaverðisámaðrveginnsíðan,þá…, ifamanhasbroughtaboyupinhisyouth, anditsohappensthathe(theboy)beslain, then…;(2) evenif,allhough,withsubj.

enda

(segmér,hvattilberr,atþúveiztfyrir úorðnahluti,endasérþúeigispámaðr); (3) even;þáskalhannsegjabúumsínum til,endaáþingi, eveninparliment;(4) ifonly withsubj.(fyrirenganmunþori ekatvekjakonunginnensegjamáek honumtíðindin,efþúvill,endavekir þúhann);(5) andindeed,andofcourse, andalso,andbesides;endaskulumvérþá leysaþik, andthenofcourseweshallloose thee;sýnistþatjafnan,atekemfégjarn, endamansváenn, andsoitwillbealsoin thiscase;(6) andyet;eiginenniekathafa þatsaman,atveitaHögna,endadrepa bróðurhans, Icannotbeartodoboth,help H.andyetkillhisbrother;(7)ellipt. withoutaprecedingpremiss;endatakþúnú øxi þína, and now take thy axe. enda (að,or enda, ent),v.(1) toend, comingtoanend (íþvísamaklaustriendi hannsínaæfi);impers.,endarþarsögu fráhonum, thetaleofhimendsthere;(2) tofulfil,perform (e.heitsitt);(3) tomark theendof,tobound (afsuðriendirhana [i.e. Asia]úthafit);(4)refl.,endast, to end,cometoanend (reiðimannsins endistáeinuaugabragði); tolast,holdout (berjastmeðandagrinnendist);meðan mérendastföngtil, aslongasmyprovisionslast;efhonumendistaldrtil, ifhe livessolong;meðanmérendastlífdagar, meðanekendumst, aslongasIlive; to turnout,toend (wellorill), todo (enda munþatfámbóndumvele.atsynjamér mægðar).

enda-dagr,m. thelastday,dayofdeath (vitasinn-dag); -fjöl,f. end-board(of achest); -lauss,a. endless,eternal (endalauspína,farsæld); -liga,adv. definitively,finally; -ligr,a. definitive,final (endaligtsvar); -lok,n.pl. end,conclu-

sion; -lykt,f.=-lok; -mark,n. end,limit;endamörkríkisþíns, theendofthy reign; -merki,n. limit,boundary; -mjór, a. thinattheend,tapering;geraeigiendamjóttviðe-n, nottoleaveoneinthe lurch,treatonewelltotheend; -þarmr, m. rectum. endemi, endimi,n.=eindœmi2, somethingunexampledorunheardof (þat erundrokendemi);heyráendemi, for shame!

endemis-maðr,m. amonster,anextraordinary person. endemligr, a. wonderful, strange. endi and endir,m.(1) theend(extremity)ofanobject (þarvarskálimikill okdyrrábáðumendum);(2) conclusion, end,issue (hvernendaeigamundimálit); geraendaáe-u,komaendaáe-t, tobring toanend;veraáenda, tobeatanend; S.varvistummeðföðursínumtilenda, S.stayedwithhisfathertotheend;eigier fyrirendaumgertmeðþeim, theirdifferenceisnotsettledbetweenthem upphafok endir, beginningandend;hérskalnúok endiráverða, hereitshallcometoanend; sávarðendirá,at, theendofitwas,that; til alls endis, to the very end. endi-land,n. borderland; -lönd,n. confines; -langr,a. alongthewholeextentof,fromoneendtotheother (ríða umendilangtherað);oklagðistþarendilangr, atfulllength;umendilangt,at endilöngu, lengthways; -lauss,a.=endalauss; -leysa,f. nonsense (-lokleysa); -liga,adv.(1) finally (staðfestaendiliga); (2) completely; -ligr,a.=endaligr; -lok, n.pl.=endalok;tilendilokaheims, to theendoftheworld; -lykt,f.=endalykt; -mark,n.(1) limit,end;(2) boundary;(3) aim, end; -merki, n. = endamerki.

endimi, n. see endemi, eindœmi. ending, f. ending, termination. endir,m.esp.innom.,=‘endi’(upphaf ok endir míns máls).

end-langr, a. = endilangr.

endr,adv.(1) intimesofyore,formerly, =endrfyrirlöngu;(2) again (svákom Óðinssonendrathamri);(3)endrásinnum,endrokstundum, fromtimeto time, now and then. endranær,adv. atothertimes,else (bæði þá á endramer).

endr-bati,m.=endrbót; -batna (að), v. togetwellagain,recover; -beiða (-dda, -ddr),v. toaskagain; -bera (see bera), v. toregenerate; -borinn,pp. reborn,regenerated; -bót,f. restoration,regeneration; -búa (see búa),v. torenew,restore; -bœta (-tta, -ttr),v. torepair,restore (þatþarfatendrbœta,eráðrhefirfarizt);

-bœtari,m. restorer; -bœting,f. restoration,restitution; -bœtingr,m. a thingthatwantsrepair; -förn,f. presenting,again; -fórna (að),v. topresent again; -fœða (-dda, -ddr),v. toregenerate,=endrbera,endrgeta; -gefendr, m.pl. thosewhogiveagain; -geta (see geta),v.=endrfœða; -getnaðr,m. regeneration; -getning,f.=endrgetnaðr; -gjald,n. repayment,return; -gjalda (see gjalda),v. topayback,torepay; -grœða (-dda, -ddr),v. tohealagain; -hreinsa (að),v. topurifyagain; -hrœra (-ða, -ðr),v. tomoveagain; -lausn,f. redemption; -lifga (að),v. to calltolifeagain; -lifna (að),v. toreturn tolife,torevive; -minnast (see minna), v.refl. toremember,calltomind,with gen.; -minning,f. remembrance,recollection; -mæli,n. repetition (verðrþatat endrmælieinu); -mœðing,f. tribulation;

-nýja (að),v. torenew,repeat;impers. (endrnýjaðisóttinaíannatsinn); -nýjan, -nýjung,f. renewal; -reisa (-ta, -tr),v. toraiseagain; -rísa (see rísa), v. toariseagain; -rjóða,a.indecl. downcast,dispirited; -semja,f.(see semja),v. torenew; -skapa (see skapa),v. tocreate anew,recreate; -smíða (að),v. torebuild; -taka (see taka),v. toresume,takeup again (endrtakatile-s); -tryggja (-ða, -ðr),v. tomakesecureagain,reconcile; -þaga, f. renewed silence. eng (gen. -jar,pl. -jar),f. meadow, meadow-land (hannvilltistíenginni);pl. outlying grass-fields. eng, engi,n. meadow,meadow-land (tún ok eng; akr ok engi).

engi (neut. ekki),indef.pron.(1) no, none,noone;hafaekkie-s, tohavenothingofit; loseitaltogether (erbúitvið,at þúhafirþáekkidýrsins);olddat.einugi=engu(fáttersváillt,ateinugidugi); (2) any,afteranegative(aldrifyrrfekk hannþvílíkansigríengriherferð);after comparative(þessirdvergarkunnubetr smíða af járni en engir aðrir).

engi-búi,m. aneighbourwhohastoappearinan engidómr; -dalr,m. meadowvalley; -dómr,m. acourttodecidethe possession of a contested meadow. engill (pl. englar), m. angel. engil-ligr, a. angelical (-lig ásjóna). engils-nes, n. Cape San Angelo. engi-lykkja,f. anenclosedpieceof meadow; -mark,n.(1) boundwyofa meadow;(2) themeadowwithintheboundary. engis-höfn, f. possession of a meadow. engi-skipti, n. division of a meadow. engiskiptis-búi, m. = engibúi. engis-maðr, m. owner of a meadow.

engi-sprett,n. grasshopper,locust; -teigr,m. stripofmeadow-land; -verk, n. meadow-work;umengi-verk, during thetimeofmowingthemeadows; -vöxtr, m. that which grows upon meadows. engja-dómr,m.=engidómr; -grasnautn,n. rightofgrazing,ormakinghay inthe engjar; -merki,n. boundarybetweenmeadow-lands; -skipti,m.=engiskipti; -teigr,m.=engiteigr; -vöxtr, m. = engivöxtr. engla-flokkr,m. hostofangels; -fylki,n. oneoftheninehostsofangels; -lið, n.coll.angels; -líf,n. lifeofangels; -mjöl, n. ‘angel-meal’, manna. englands-far,n. ashipthatsailsto England; -fari,m. onewhomakesvoyagestoEngland; -haf,n. theGerman Ocean; -sjör, m. the English Channel. englar,m.pl. theEnglish,Englishmen (var kominn herr Englanna).

engla-rödd,f. Angelicvoice; -skari, m., -sveit,f. hostangels; -sýn,f. vision of angels; -söngr, m. song of angels. englis-maðr, m. Englishman. enn (en, et),theoldestformofthe def. art., = inn, hinn. enn,adv.(1) yet,still (hannerennungr okbernskr);(2)withcompar.,ennbetri, verri, still better, worse. enna,adv.=enn-na, yet;eigienna, not yet (eigi veit ek enna). enni,n.(1) forehead (þóspratthonum sveitiumenni);(2) asteepcrag (inplacenames).

enni-breiðr,a. havingabroadforehead; -dúkr,m. head-bandfillet; -leðr, n. skin of the forehead of animals. ennis-brattr,a. havingastraight-up forehead. enni-snauðr,a. havingalowforehead;

-spænir,m.pl. ornamentalworkonships ofwarbothforeandaft; -svell,n. anicy slope. ennis-vöxtr,m. shapeofthefore-head. enska, f. the Engish language. enskr,a. Enghsh;enskirmenn, Englishmen. epla-át,n. eatingofapples(fruit); -garðr,n. orchard; -kyn,n. akindofapples or fruit. epli,n.(1) apple;(2) tree-fruit (ingeneral).

epli-berandi, pr. p. bearing apples. eplóttr, a. dapple grey (of a horse). ept, prep. = eptir (rare). eptir,prepwithdat.andacc.;I.with dat.(1)withverbsofmotion, after (ríða, róa,fara,ganga,sendae-m);(2)denotingtheaimandobjectofmanyverbs;leita,spyrja,frétta,e.e-u, tosearch,ask, inquireafter;lítae.e-u, tolookafler,attendto;bíðaeptire-u, towaitfor;vaka e.e-m, tositupwaitingforone;segjae. e-m, toreportbehindone’sback;(3) followingthecourseofatrack,road,etc., along;niðre.hálsinum, downthehill;e. endilongu, fromoneendtotheother;e. miðju, alongthemiddle;(4) after,accordingto,inaccordancewith (e.siðþeirraok lögum);hannleiddiste.fortölumhennar, hewasledbyherpersuasion;gekkallt e.þvísemH.hafðisagt, accordingasH. hadsaid;(5)denotingproportion,comparison;fáttmannae.þvísemhannvar vanr, fewmenincomparisontowhathe waswanttohave;(6) withverbsdenoting imitation,indulgence,longingafter;látae. e-m, toindulgeone;breytae.e-m, toimitate;(7) behind (hannleiddie.sérhestinn);funduste.þeimírskarbœkr, which theyhadleftbehind;II.withacc.(1)of

time, after,insuccessionto (várkome. vetr);hverndage.annan, onedayafter theother;áre.ár,dage.dag, yearbyyear, daybyday;e.þat, afterthat,thereafter; (2) denotingsuccession,inheritance;taka e-tíarfe.e-n, toinheritfromone;hann tókkonungdóme.föðursinn, afterhisfather;vitaþáskömme.sik, toleavesuch abadreport;skaðimikillere.mennslíka, thereisagreatlossinsuchmen;III.as adv.(1) after;annatsumare., thesecond summerafter;umdaginne., thedayafter; e.umvárit, laterduringthespring;e.komaúsvinnumráð, thefooliswisewhentoo late;(2) behind;bíðasitjae., towait,stay behind;vera,standae., toremainbehind, beleft;haldae-ue., tokeepback;skammt geteke.þinnaræfi, Iguessthatlittleis leftofthylife;(3)beforetherel.part.,e. er=e.þater, after (efmaðr,andastáþingie.ermenneruábrautfarnir);(4)e.á, afterwards, later on; in addition. eptir-bátr,m. aboatintow;fig.,vera eptirbátre-s, tobeinferiortoone; -burðr,m. afterbirth; -dvöl,f. stay;eiga eptirdvöl, tomakeastay; -dœmi,n. example; -farandi,pr.p. following,subsequent; -ferð,f. pursuit; -frétt,f. inquiry; -fœriligr,a. investigable; -för,f. =eptirferð;veitae-meptirför, topursue one; -ganga,f.(1) prosecutionofasuitto getredress;(2) support,aid;(3) imitation (íeptirgönguhansdœma); -gangr,m., -gengi,n.=-ganga2; -glíkjari,m. imitator. eptirgöngu-kona,f.(afemale) underling (ekmuneigivera-konahennar); -maðr, m. a supporter, follower. eptir-gørð,f. funeralhonours,esp. giftsforthesoulofthedead; -komandi, pr.p. following,future; -komari,m.=

-glíkjari; -komendr,m.pl. offspring,descendants; -kæra,f. prosecution (taka málittileptirkæru); -latligr,a. agreeable,pleasing; -látr, látsamr,a. indulgent;séreptirlátr, self-indulgent; -leifar,f.pl. remains; -leit,f.(1) search; (2) applicationtoaperson; -leitan,f.= eptirleit; -lífi,n. indulgence,self-indulgence.

eptirlífis-maðr,m. self-indulgent man; -synd, f. the sin of self-indulgence. eptir-lífr,a. self-indulgent; -líking, f. imitation; -líkja (-ta, -t),v. toimitate, withdat.; -líkjandi (pl. -endr),m., -líkjari,m. imitator; -læti,n.(1) complaisance,compliance;(2) indulgence, gratificationofone’sdesires;(3) enjoyment.

eptirlætis-lífi,n. lifeofself-indulgence; -þjónosta, f. act of indulgence. eptir-mál,n. anactiononbehalfofa personslainagainsttheslaver;eiga-mál eptire-n,ume-n, tohave,therightand dutytotakeaclionagainsttheslayer; -máli,m. epilogue,opp.to‘formáli’; -máll,a. compliant (e-m or viðe-n, with).

eptirmáls-maðr,m. prosecutorina blood-feud (eptirmál).

eptir-mælandi (p]. -endr),m.=eptirmálsmaðr; -mæli,n.(1)=-mál;(2) compliance,indulgence;veitae-meptirmæli, to take one’s part; (3) good report. eptirmælis-maðr,m. apersonwhois eptirmáll.

eptir-rás,f. runningafter,pursuit; -reið,f. pursuitonhorseback; -reikna (að),v. toreflecton; -róðr,m. rowingin pursuit of one.

eptirrýningar-maðr,m. onecleverat detectingwhatisunknown (-maðrumstul-

di); -samr, a. clever at detection. eptir-seta,f. remainingbehind; -sjá, f.(1) lookingafter,attention,care;(2) regret,grief;e-mereptirsjáate-u, one missesathing,grievesatthelossof; -skoðan,f. examination,search; -sókn, f. aseekingafter,pursuing; -staða,f. whatremains,arrears; -staðsi,a. remainingbehind;verðaeptirstaðsi, toremain behind; -sýn, f. looking after one. eptri,a.compar.(1) aftermost,hindmost,opp.to‘fremri’eptrifótr thehind leg;hiteptraaustrrúm, thehindmost pumpingplace;(2) later,latter,opp.to ‘fyrri’.

er (olderform es),rel.part.inoldpoemsandinlawphrases‘es’issuffixedto ademonstrativeorinterrogativeword, pron.oradv.,as s:sás,sús,þats,þeims, þærs;þars,þás,þegars,síðans,hveims, hvars,&c.,=sáes,súes,þares,þáes, &c.I.usedasarel.pron.,indecl., who, which,that;(1)Mörðrhétmaðr,er (nom.)kallaðrvargígja;grösfögr,er (acc.)hónhafðiíhendi;aðrahlutiþá,er (gen.)mennvilduvisirverða;þanneinn son,er(dat.)hannannlítit;(2)witha prep.placedattheendofthesentence; land,erhannkomfrá, thelandhecame from;jötunn,erórsteinivarhöfuðitá (viz.honum), whoseheadwasofstone; (3)ellipt.,theprep.beingunderstood;ór þeimættum,ermérþóttufuglarnirfljúga(viz.ór), fromthequarterthatIthought thebirdsflewfrom;þeirhafanúlátitlíf sitt,ermérþykkireigivertatlifa(viz. eptir), whomIthinkitisnotworthwhileto outlive;(4)apersonalordemonstr.pron. maybeaddedtotherel.part.,erþú,er þik;erhann,erhón,erhana,erhans,er hennar,erþeim,erþeiri,erþeira,etc.;

œrrertu,Loki,erþú (who) yðratelrljótaleiðstafi;sámaðr,erhannvill, that manwhowishes;nemaeinGoðrún,er hónævagrét, whoneverwept;ekkjaheitir sú,erbúandihennar (whosehusband) varðsóttdauðr;þannkonung,erundir honumeruskatt-konungar, thatkingunderwhomaretributarykings;(5)inthe fourteenthcenturyaddedtotheinterrog.pron.,hverr;þatherbergi,íhverju erhann(inwhich =erhanníþví)hefir sittráðokræðr;II.asaconj.andadv. (1)local,er,þarer, therewhere;hannsá áeldinumfölskann,ernetithafðibrunnit, wherethenethadbeenburnt;Ó.gekk þartil,erH.lá, tothespotwhereH.lay; (2)oftime,er,þáer, when;oker, and when;ener, butwhen;þartiler, until; íþvíer, justwhen;eptir(þat)er, when; þegarer, assoonas (þegarerlýsti,stóð konungrupp);síðaner, since;meðaner, while;næstervérkómum, nextwhenwe came;þálétíhamrinum,semerreiðgengr, aswhenitthunders;(3)=at, that;ok fannstþatáöllu,erhónþóttistvargefin, thatshethoughtshewasthrownaway;ek emþesssæll,erokkartfélagsleit, Iam happythat;skyldifarafyrstleyniliga,en þókomþar,erallirvissu, butitcameto this, that every one knew of it. ér, nom. pl. to ‘þú’, ye, = þér. erði,n. aheavybeam (Grettirþreife. tvau, er lágu í skipinu). erenda-lok,n.pl. theresult(issue)of one ’serrand; -maðr,m. errandman,messenger. erendi, eyrendi, ørendi (also erindi,etc.),n.(1) errand,message,mission, business;eigae.viðe-n,hafae.tile-s, to havebusinesswithone;rekae., todoan errand;þesserendis, tothatpurpose;(2)

theresultofone’serrandormission (þóttimönnumhanse.lítitorðit);eferendit eyðist, iftheerrandturnstonought;hefik erfiðioke., Ihavehadtoilbutalsogained myquest;(3)gangaerenda(eyrna,ørna) sinna, togotoeaseoneself;(4) speech;talalangte.oksnjallt, tomakealongand eloquent speech.

erendi (from‘ør’and‘önd’),n.see ‘ørendi’.

erendis-lauss,a. withouteffect,vain; faraat-lausu, togoonafool’serrand; -leysa, f. failure of one’s errand. erend-laust,adv. invain,tonopurpose (fara-laust); -leysa,f.=erendisleysa; -reki, m. messenger. erfa (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) tohonourwitha funeralfeast (síðanlétEgille.sonusina eptirfornumsið);(2) toinherit (erfirhón allt þat eptir börn sín).

erfð,f. inheritance;takae., totakepossessionofaninheritance;taka,eignaste-t ate., togetorcomeintopossessionofby inheritance. erfða-bálkr,m. thesectionoflaw treatingofinheritance; -einkunn,f. hereditarymark (oncattle); -fé,n. heritage,inheritance; -goðorð,n. hereditary priesthood; -jörð,f. hereditaryestate; -land,n. patrimony,landofinheritance; -maðr,m. heir; -mark,n.=-einkunn; -mál,n. lawsuitconcerninganinheritance.

erfðar-jörð,f., -land,n., -maðr, m.,seeerfða-; -partr,m. shareofinheritance; -úmagi,m. an ‘úmagi’, havingan inherited right to receive support. erfða-skipan,f. laworordinancerelatingtoinheritance; -öldr,m. funeral feast.

erfi,n. funeralfeast (gørae.e-s,e.ep-

tir e-n; drekka e. e-s, eptir e-n).

erfiða (að),v.(1) totoil,labour;(2)e. e-m, tocauseonetrouble;e.séríe-u, to troubleoneselfwith;(3) totill (e.jörðina); (4)impers,erfiðaðisóttarfarhans, hisillness grew more severe. erfiðari, m. labourer. erfið-drýgi,n. labor,laboriousness; -drœgr,a. difficulttodo (varðþeimþat -drœgt).

erfiði,n. trouble,toil,labor;höfume. okekkierendi, wehavethetoil,butnoresult.

erfidis-dauði,m. painfuldeath; -laun,n.pl. recompenseforlabourorsuffering; -léttir,m. relief,labour; -liga, adv.=erfiðliga; -munir,m.pl. exertion, difficulty; -neyð,f. grindinglabour; -orka,f. hard,wearylabour; -samr,a. toilsome; -verk, n. hard or heavy, work. erfið-lífi,n. toilsomelife; -liga,adv. withpainandtoil;e-thorfir-liga, itlooks hard;búa-ligaviðe-n, totreatoneharshly;varðmérþar-ligastum, thereImet withthegreatestdifficulties; -ligr,a. toilsome,difficult,adverse (margirhlutirerfiðligir).

erfiðr,a. difficult,hard,troublesome; ossverðrerfittatþjónaNorðmönnum, it willbehardforus;Guðrúnvarerfiðágripakaupum, G.wastroublesome(extravagant)inbuyingfinery;hvíldistHelgi,því athonumvarorðiterfitt, forhewasexhausted;þóathonumværimáliterfitt, though he spoke with difficulty. erfi-drápa,f. funeralpoem; -flokkr, m. ashortfuneralpoem; -kvæði,n.=erfidrápa.

erfingi (pl. -jar),m. heir,child (þau áttu engan erfingja).

erfingja-lauss,a. childless (deyja-

lauss); -leysi, n. childlessness. erfi-nyti (gen. -nytja),m. heir,child (ek á ungan erfinytja).

erfis-gørð,f. holding,afuneral,feast (þá eyddist erfisgørðin).

erfi-veizla, f. funeral feast. erfi-vörðr, m. poet. heir. erfi-öl, n. funeral feast, = erfi-veizla.

erf-skinn, n. the skin of the glutton. ergi,f.(1) lewdness,lust;(2) wickedness,devilry (meðallriergiokskelmisskap);(3) unmanliness,unwarrior-likebehaviorwithastrongconnotationofeffeminacy and passive homosexuality. ergjast (ð),v.refl. tolosecourage, growfaint-hearted (sváergisthverrsem hann eldist).

erja (er, arða, arinn),v.(1) toplough (e.jörðsína);(2) toscratch,scrape (hann lætr erja skóinn um legginn).

erju-samr, a. intrusive. erki-biskup, m. archbishop. erki-biskupligr, a. archiepiscopal. erkibiskups-dómr,m., -dœmi,n. archbishopric; -efni,m. archbishop-elect; -garðr,m. archbishop’sdvelling; -kosningr,m. electionofanarchbishop; -stóll,m. archiepiscopalseat (cf.erkistóll).

erki-býsn, f. great portent. erki-djákn,m. archdeacon; -prestr, m. archpriest; -stóll,m.=erkibiskupsstóll. er-lendast,v.refl. togointoexile; -lending,f. exile; -lendis,adv. abroad, in a foreign land. erlendis-víg,n. amanslaughtercommitted abroad.

erlendr, a. foreign, = ørlendr. erma-drög,n.pl. sleevesreaching downtothefeet; -kápa,f. cloakwith

sleeves; -langr,a. withlongsleeves; -lauss, a. sleeveless. erma-kjós,f. ‘sleeve-bag’,widesleeve; -stúka, f. short sleeve. ermita-klæði,n.pl. hermitclothes; -lífi, n. hermit life. ermiti, m. hermit, = einsetumaðr. erm-land,n.(1) Armenia;(2) a province in Prussia. erm-lauss,a. sleeveless,withoutsleeves = ermalauss.

ermr (gen. -ar,dat.andacc. -i;pl. -ar), f. sleeve. ermskr, a. Armenian. ern,a. brisk,vigorous; -ligr,a. vigorous-looking, sturdy. erpi, n. a kind of wood. erriligr, a. = ernligr.

erta (erta, ertr),v. totaunt,tease (er eigigattatertailltskap);refl.,ertastvið e-n, to lease one. erting (pl. -ar),f. teasing,provocation (margskonar ertingar).

ertinga-maðr,m. onewhowillstand teasing (engi-maðr).

ertla, f. wagtail (bird).

ertr (gen. ertra), f. pl. pease. ertra-akr,m. pea-field; -reitr,m. bedofpease; -réttr,m. dishofpease; -soð, n., -vellingr, m. pea-soup. es,oldformfor‘er’,rel.part.,and3rd pers. sing. from ‘vera’.

eski, n. ashen box (e. Friggjar). eski-mær, f. a lady’s maid. eskingr, m. fine snow (like ashes).

eski-stöng, f. ash pole. espingr, m. a ship’s boat. ess, n. riding horse, steed. eta (et;át,átum;etinn),v.(1) toeat (e.kjöt,matsinn,dagverð);fig.,e.orð sín, toeatone’sownwords;(2) toconsume;

sorgetrhjarta, sorroweatsawaytheheart; refl.,Gyðingarátustinnan,erþeir heyrðuþetta, theJewsfrettedinwardlyon hearing this. eta,f.(1) crib,manger;standaöllumfótumíetu, toliveatrackandmanger;(2) pl., etur, cancer (etur í andliti). etall, a. consuming (e. ryðr). etari, m. great eater, glutton. etja (et, atta, attr),v.(1) toincite, egg(goad)ontofight,withdat.;e.hestum, tomakehorsesfight;withacc.,e.entilþolinmœði, toexhortonetopatience; (2)e.hamingju,afli,viðe-n, tomatch one’sluck,strength,withanolher’s;e.kappiviðe-n, tocontendinrivalry,viewith one;e.ráðum,hvárt…, toconsider,if…; e.samanmanndrápum, toincitetwopartiestomanslaughter;(3)e.viðe-t, tocontendagainst;e.viðaflsmun(liðsmun), to fightagainstodds;(4) toputforth;hann etrframskallanum, heexposeshisbare skull (totheblows);(5) tocausetobeeaten;e.heyvi,heyjum, tofeedcattleupon hay;(6)refl.,etjastviðe-n, tocontend withone;efmennetjastvitnumá, ifmen contend (plead) with witnesses. etju-hundr,m. deer-hound,foxhound; -kostr,m. hardcondition; -tík, f. female hound, bitch-hound. etki,neut.sing.from‘engi’andadv.= ekki.

etu-stallr,m. crib,manger (U.fal hann í etustalli), = eta (1). ey,adv.(1) always,ever,=ei,æ;(2) not,=ei,eigi;eymanniþatveit, noman knows. ey (gen. eyjar,dat. ey and eyju;pl. eyjar), f. an island; -bui, m. islander. eyða (-dda, -ddr),v.(1) tomakeempty (auðr), clearof,depriveofitscontents (e. allanfjörðinnbæðiatmönnumokfé);e. bygð(bœiokborgir,heröð), todesolate, laywaste;(2) todesert,departfrom (féllusumir,ensumireydduhálfrýmin);e. veizluna, tobreakupthefeast;e.þing, to dissolvethemeeting;(3) todoawaywith, destroy,withdat.(eyddieldrkonumok börnum);(4) tospend,squander (e.fé, peningum);(5) torendervoidinlaw,annul,withacc.ordat.(e.vígsmál or vígsmálum);(6)refl.,eyðast, tocometo nought;eyddisterfisgørðinfyrirhonum, he let the funeral feast drop. eyði,n. wasteorruinousstate;leggjaí e., tolaywaste;vera(liggja)íe., tobedeserted or ruined. eyði-,incompds., deserted,uninhabited; -borg,f. desertedtownorcastle; -bygð,f. desertcountry; -dalr,m. desolatevalley; -ey,f. desertisland; -fjall,n. wild(barren)mountain; -fjörðr,m. desolalefirth; -haf,n. aseawhosecoastsare desolate; -hus,n.pl. deserteddwellings; -jorð,f. desertedfarm; -land,n. desert land; -liga,adv. inadesolatestate; -ligr,a.(1) perishable;(2) sad,cheerless (mérsýnistsiðrþeirraveikligrok-ligr); -mörk,f. desertwilderness; -rjóðr,n. desertclearing; -skemma,f. adeserted bower; -sker,n. desolaterock,skerry; -skógr,m. wildwood; -staðr,m. barren,desolateplace; -tröð,f. desertedpen (for cattle); -veggr, m. ruinous wall. eyðla, f. adder, = eðla. ey-firðingar,m.pl. themenof or from Eyjafirth; -firzkr,a. belongingtoEyjafirth. eyfit,adv.poet. notatall (e.hefiek fé); eyfit eitt, nothing at all. eygðr, a. = eygr. eygja (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) tofurnishwitha

looporeye (e.snöru);(2) tolook (tile-s, at one).

eygló,f. ‘theeverglowing’,poet. the sun.

eygr,a. havingevesofacertainkind;vel e., with fine eyes; mjök e., large-eyed.

eyja-maðr, m. islander.

eyjar-endi,m. pointofanisland; -engi,n. meadowalongariver; -kálfr,m. a smallislandclosetoalargerone; -maðr, m. islander; -nef,n.=-endi; -skeggi (pl. -skeggjar),m.=-maðr; -skekill, -skiki,m. stripofanisland,smallisland; -sund,n.=eyjasund; -vist,f. stayinan island.

eyja-sund,n. astraitbetweenislands (öll eyjasund ok firdir).

eyjóttr, a. full of islands.

eyk-hestr, m. cart-horse.

eyki, n. vehicle, cart. eykja-fóðr,n. fodderfor eyk(i)r; -gerfi, n., -reiði, m. = eykreiði.

eykr (-jar, -ir), m. beast of draught.

eyk-reiði, m. harness of an eykr. eykt,f.(1) half-pastthreeo’clock,p.m. (varþatnære.dags);(2) timeofthree hours (þáerþógnhafðiveritnærhálfa e.).

eyktar-helgr,f.=nónhelgr; -staðr, m. theplaceofthesunathalfpastthree,p. m. (sól sezt í -stað); -tíð, f. = nóntíð. eykt-heilagr,a. tobekeptholyfrom eykt (halfpastthree)oftheprecedingday, = nónheilagr.

ey-land,n. island; -lendingr,m. islander. eyma (-da, -t),v.(1) tocommiserate, pity;e.sík, tolament;(2)impers.,eymir af e-u, one feels sore after something. eymd,f.(1) misery,wretchedness;sjáe. áe-m, topityone;(2) stinginess,mean-

ness.

eymdar-dagr,m. dayofdistress; -ligr,a. piteous,pitiful; -orð,n.pl. wailing,lamentalion; -tíð,f. timeofdistressortribulation; -tíðindi,n.pl. disastrous news; -tími, m. = eymdar-tíð.

eyra (pl. eyru),n. ear (eyrumhlýðir gestr,enaugumskoðar);setjahnefavið e.e-m, togiveoneaboxontheear;leiða e-nafeyrum, togetridofone;komaemtileyrna, tocometoone’sears,ofnews; hafanefíe.e-m, toputthenoseinone’s ear, to whisper to one, of a tell-tale.

eyrar-tangi,m. pointofagravel-bank (eyrr).

eyra-rúna, f. poet. mistress, wife. eyrendi, -indi, n.; see ‘erendi’.

eyrir (gen. -is,pl. aurar),m.(1) ounceofsilver,theeighthpartofamark (áttaaurarímörk);hringr,erstendrsex aura, aringweighingorworthsixaurar; verðrþáathálfrimörkvaðmálae., then the eyrir isequaltohalfamarkinwadmal; e.brendr=e.brendssilfrs, anounceof puresilver;(2) ounce (svávarhaglitstórt, athverthaglkornitváeyri);(3) money ingeneral,property;ljósiraurarverðaat löngumtrega, brightsilverbringslong, woe;ilirafaurum, amiser;gefintilaura (=tilfjár), weddedformoney;hannvissi ekkiaurasinnatal, heknewnotthetale (extent)ofhisriches;lausiraurar,opp.to ‘fastre.’, movables,chattels (löndoklausir aurar);fríðreyrir(=fríttfé,kvikfé), cattle;(4) money,currency;Flosispurðií hverjumaurumhannvildifyrirhafa, asked in what money he wished to be paid. eyris-bót,f. afineofan eyrir; -kaup, n. abargaintotheamountofan eyrir; -lag,n. theworthofan eyrir(-lag lérepts); -land,n. landyieldingarentof

an eyrir; -skaði,m. losstotheamount ofan eyrir; -tíund,f. titheofan eyrir; -tollr,m. tollofan eyrir; -þungi,m. the weight of an ounce. eyrna or ørna, gen. pl., see ‘erendi 3’. eyrna-blað,n. lobeoftheear; -bora, f. orificeoftheear; -búnaðr,m. ornamentoftheear; -gull,n. earring; -heill,a. havingsoundears; -lof,n. vainpraise; -mark,n. earmark,onsheep and cattle.

eyrr (gen. eyrar,dat.andacc. eyri; pl. eyrar),f. sandorgravelbank,either ofthebanksofrivers (áreyrar,dalseyrar) or ofasmallpointoflandrunningintothe

sea, a spit. eyr-silfr, n. quicksilver, mercury. eyr-skár (acc. -skáan),a. galloping over the gravel banks. eyröggr, a. = ørrugr. eystra-salt, n. the Baltic. eystri,a.compar. moreeastern;hit eystra, the eastern way. ey-vana, a. much used to. ey-verskr,a. pertainingtotheOrkneys, from the Orkneys. ey-vit,adv.=eyfit; ey-vitar (for‘ey vættar’),adv., ey-vitu,adv. not,notat all.

ey-þolinn, m. the rivet in a clasp knife.

Ffaðerni,n.(1) fatherhood,paternity; gangaviðf.ate-m or e-s,kennastf.es, toacknowledgeoradmitpaternity;atf. eðamóðerni, onfather’sormother’sside; varhannljóssokfagreptirf.sínu, like his father; (2) patrimony. faðir (gen.,dat.andacc.föður,pl. feðr), m. father.

faðma (að),v. toembrace;refl.,faðmast, to embrace one another. faðman, f. embracing.

faðm-lag,n. embrace; -lagast,v.refl. =faðmast; -leggjast,v.refl.=leggjastí faðma, faðmast.

faðmr (-s, -ar),m.(1) theout-stretched orembracingarms;sofa(liggja)ífaðmiem, tosleep(lie)inone’sarms;leggjastí faðma, toembraceeachother;fallastífaðma, tobesetoffagainsteachother,balance eachother (málinvóruídómlagin,okféllustvíginífaðma);(2) bosom (legghönd þínaísjálfsþínsfaðm);(3) ameasureof length, fathom. fagna (að),v.(1) torejoiceinathing (f. e-u,íe-u or afe-u);(2)f.e-m, towelcome one,receiveonewithgoodorbadcheer (varhonumþarvelfagnat);(3)f.vetri, jólum,sumri, torejoice,makeafeast,at the beginning of winter, Yule, summer. fagnaðar-atburðr,m. joyfullevent; -dagr,m. dayofrejoicing; -efni,n. matterofjoy; -eyrendi,n. joyfulmessage; -eyru,n.pl.,e-t-eyrum, tohearwith

joy; -fullr,a. joyfull; -fundr,m. joyfull meeting; -grátr,m. weepingforjoy; -heit,n. joyfulpromise; -krás,f. dainty; -kveðja,f. joyfulgreeting; -lauss,a. joyless; wretched,poor; -lof,n. praisefrom ajoyousheart (syngja-lofguoi); -lúðr, m. trunpetofjoy; -mark,n. signofjoy; -orð,n.pl. joyfulwords; -óp,n. shoutof joy; -raust,f. voiceofjoy; -ráð,n. happy resolution; -saga,f. joyfulnews,=feginsaga; -samliga,adv. joyfully; -samligr, a. joyous,joyful; -skrúð,n. raimentof joy; -staðr,m. placeofjoy; -sýn,f. joyfulsight; -sæll,a.(1) happy;(2) graceful, gracious; -söngr,m. songofjoy; -tíð,f. timeofjoy; -tíðindi,n.pl. joyful,glad tidings; -tími,m.=-tíð; -veizla,f. joyfulfeast; -vist,f. abodeofjoy; -öl,n. joyous banquet.

fagnaðr (gen. -ar),m.(1) joy (eilífr f.);(2) welcome,greeting;(3) hospitable entertainment (gerðuhennifagnaðþá vikualla);ölokannarf., aleandother goodcheer;(4)kunnasérþannfagnað, to bequitesatisfiedorcontent (kunnihann sérþáþannfagnaðatgirnastekkiá Svíakonungs veldi).

fagna-fundr, m. = fagnaðarfundr. fagr (fögr, fagrt;comp. fegri),a. fair,fine,beautiful;f.sýnum,álitum, fair tosee;fagrtveðr, fair(fine)weather;f. söngr, beautiful(sweet)song;fagrtkvæði, afinepoem;talaðifagrt,enhugðiflátt, spoke fair, but thought else. fagr-búinn,pp. beautifully,dressed, equippied; -endi,n.pl. costly,fairthings; -eygr,a. fair-eyed; -ferðugr,a. graceful,virtuous; -flekkóttr,a. fair-flecked (ofasnake); -gali,m. flattery (bera-gala áe-n,sláí-galaviðe-n); -glóa,a. fairglowing; -grœnn,a. brightorlight,

green; -hárr,a. fair-haired; -hljóðandi,pr.p. sweet-sounding; -hljóðr,a. sweet-voiced; -hljómandi,pr.p.= -hljóðandi; -klæddr,pp. fair-clad; -leikr,m. beauty,=fegrð; -leitr,a. of afaircomplexion,beautiful; -liga,adv. fairly,beautifully; -ligr,a.(1) fine-looking,handsome;(2) agreeable (-ligþjönasta); -limi,m. ‘fair-branch’,awood (poet.); -læti,n. blandishment; -máll,a. fair-spoken; -málugr,a.=-máll; -mæli, n. fairlanguage; -mæltr,a.=-máll; -orðr,a. fair-spoken,bland; -rauðr,a. light-red; -skapaðr,pp. fair-shapen; -skrifaðr,pp. finelydrawn,decorated withfinefigures; -skýddr,pp. dressedin fineclothes; -variðr,pp. wearingfine clothes (ofalady); -vaxinn,pp. offair stature; -yndi,n.=-endi; -yrði,n.pl. fair words; -yrðr, a. = -orðr. fala (að),v. todemandforpurchase (f. e-t af c-m or at e-m; f. til e-s).

falda (feld; félt, féldura; faldinn),v. toarraywithawoman’shood (f.e-n or e-me-u, or meðorviðe-u); f.sikmotri,með or viðmotri, tohood oneselfwitha motr;Brandrvarfaldinn, Brandhadonawoman’sheadgear;hjálmi faldinn, wearing a helmet. falda (að),v.(1) tohood (seeprec.);(2) tofold;fámerskyrtuþína,enekskalf. hanasaman, Ishallfolditup;faldaaptr, to unfold.

falda-feykir,m. amagicaldancein whichthehoods (faldar) flewofftheladies’ heads. fald-lauss, a. hoodless. faldr,m.(1) old;(2) hemofagarment; kyrtillhlaðbúinnífaldniðr, akirtlelaced downtothehems;(3) asortof(woman’s) headgear, hood.

fall,n.(1) fall;f.erfararheill afall bodesaluckyjourny;komae-mtilfalls, tocauseonetofall;föllberastáe-n, one beginstoreelorstagger;(2) fall,death inbattle (íflóttaerí.veist);(3) carcase ofaslaughteredanimal (cf.‘nautsfall’, ‘sauðarfall’);(4) frequentdeathsfrom plague (efmýssgørðumeinámateða klæðum,þákomf.íþær);(5) heavysea (reisf.mikitalitfrágrunni);(6) sin, transgression;(7) downfall,ruin,decay;f. engla, thefallofangels;gózineruatfalli komin, theestatesaredilapidated;(8) quantity (ofavowelorsyllable);(9) gramm., case. falla (fell; féll, féllum; fallinn), v.(1) tofall;eigifellrtréviðfyrstahögg, atreefallsnotwiththefirststroke;f.afbaki, tofallfromhorseback;f.ákné, tofall onone’sknees;f.áfram(ábakaptr), tofall forwards(backwards);f.flatr, tofallprostrate;f.tiljarðar, tofalltotheground;refl.,látafallast(=sikfalla), toletoneself fall (þálétLokif.íknéSkaða);(2) todrop downdead,bekilled,fall(inbattle);(3) to dieofplague (féllufátœkirmennumalit land);(4) toflow,run (ofwater,stream, tide);særinnfellútfrálandi, ebbed;féll sjórfyrirhellismunnann, thesearose higherthanthecave-mouth;síðanféllsjór at, thetiderose;þeirsáþáósmikinnf. ísjóinn, fallintothesea;áfél (ariver flowed) viðskálaÁsólfs;varskipitsvá hlaðit,atinnféllumsöxin, thatthesea rushedinattheprow;(5)ofclothes,hair, tofall,hangdown;háritfélláherðarhonumaptr, thehairfellbackonhisshoulders;létukvennváðirumknéfalla, they letwomen’sdressfallabouthisknees;(6) tofall,calmdown (ofthewind);féllveðrit (thestormfell)okgerðilogn;(7) tofail,

befoiled;sáeiðrfellrhonumtilútlegðar, ifhefailsintakingtheoath,heshallbe liabletooutlawry;f.áverkumsínum, to havebeencaughtred-handed,tobejustly slain;f. or fallastatmáli,sókn, tofailin one’ssuit;f.frámáli, togiveitup;fallinn atfrændum, bereftofkinsmen;dœmiek fyrirdráphansfallnaryðrareignir, Isentenceyourestatestobeforfieitedforhis slaughter;refl.,efgerðarmennlátafallast, iftheumpiresfailtodotheirduty;þá fallustöllumÁsumorðtökoksváhendr, thenvoiceandhandsalikefailedtheGods; féllustþeimallarkvéðjur, theirgreetings diedontheirlips;villsáeigifalustláta andsvör, hewillnotfailorfalterinreplying;(8) tofallouthappen;mérféllsvá gæfusamliga (itbefellmesoquickly),at; stundumkannsváatf.,at, sometimesit maysohappenthat;(9) tobehadorproduced (þatjárnfellrífirðiþeim;þarfellr hveitiokvín);(10)withadv.,e-mfellretþungt,létt, athingfallsheavily,lightly uponone (þettamunðrþungtf.);féllþá keisaranumþyngrabardaginn, thebattle turnedagainsttheemperor;e-mfellre-t nær, itfallsnightoone,touchesonenearly;henniféllmeinitsvánær,at, theillnessfellonhersosore,that;mérfellreigi firrenhonum, ittouchesmenolessthan him;hörmuligafellrossnú,at, itfallsout sadlyforus,that;(11) toplease,suit;kvað sér,þatvelf.tilattekta, saidthatitsuited himwellfordrawingrevenuefrom;honum féllvelíeyrulofsorðkonungs, theking’s praisewaspleasantinhisears;jarliféllst þatvelíeyru, theearlwaswellpleased tohearit;munmérillaf.,ef, itwilldispleaseme,if;féllvelámeðþeim, they wereongoodterms;refl.,honumféllstþat velískap, itsuitedhismindwell,hewas

pleasedwithit;féllsthvártöðruvelígeð, theylovedeachother;(12)withpreps.and advs.,f.af, tofall,abate (féllafvindr, byrr);f.áe-n, tobefallone;þærféllulyktirí,at, theendwas,that;f.íe-t, tofall into;f.íbrot, tofallinafit;f.íóvit, to faint,swoon;f.ívillu, tofallintoheresy; f.ívalde-s, tofallintoone’spower;féll veðritílogn, thestormcalmeddown;f. niðr, tofall,drop;mittkvæðimunskjótt niðrf., mypoemwillsoonbeforgotten; féllsvániðrþeirratal, theirconversation dropped,theyleftofftalking;f.saman, tofillinwith,agree;þóateigiféllialit samanmeðþeim, thoughthey,didnot agreeineverything;f.til, tooccur,happen, fallout;efauðnafellrtil, ifluckwillhave itso;litlusíðarfélltilfagrtleiði, fairwind cameon;öllþingviti,ertilfalla, allthe finesthatmayfallin,bedue;nemaþörf fallitil, unlessneedbe;semsakirfallatil, asthecasefalls;f.undire-n, tofallto one’slot (ofinheritance,obligation);arfr fellrundire-n, devolvesuponone;f.út, to recede,ofthetide(þáerútféllsjórinn); f. við árar, to fall to at the oars. fallerast (að),v.refl.,(1) tobemistaken;(2) toprovefalse;(3) tofall (witha woman).

fall-hætt,a.n.,e-mverðr-hætt, one staggers, is in great danger of falling. falligr, a. pretty, handsome (f. litr). fallinn,pp.(1)sváf., such-like,so madeorconstituted (hvímanhinnsami maðrsváf.);sváf.órskurðr, adecision asfollows;(2)vel,illaf., well,ill-disposed (hannvarvænnmaðrokvelf.); fitted, worthy (bezttilkonungsf.);athannværi betrtilf.atdeyjafyrirþásökenfaðir hans, thathemoredeservedtodiethanhis fatherdid;(3)neut.,fallit, fit;okhæt-

tiþáerhonumþóttif., stoppedwhenhe thoughtfit;kallaðiveltilf., saiditwas quiteright;(4) suitedtoone (e-m);eigi þykkimérþérsúferðvelfallin, Ithink this journey will not do for thee.

fall-jaki,m., -jökull,m. ice-berg; -sótt,f. plague (effallsóttkemrífé manns); -staðr,m. aplacetofallupon (leitasér-staðar); -valtligr, -valtr,a. unsteady,changeable,uncertain (-valtr fagnaðr þessa heims).

falr (-s, -ir),m. thesocketofaspearhead, into which the shaft fits (spjótsfalr).

falr,a. forsale,tobesold;eiga(hafa, láta)falt, tohaveathingforsale;méreru e-tfait, Iamwillingtopartwith;þeirer mérerufalastirtilþungshlutar, whomI would most willingly let suffer. fals, n. fraud, deceit, imposture. fals-,incompds., false,fraudulent, forged. falsa (að),v.(1) tofalsify,forge (f.rit, bréf,innsigli);(2) todefraud,imposeupon (f.e-n);f.e-tafe-m, togetathingfrom onebyfraud (vilekeigi,atþúfalsirféaf mínum þegnum); to spoil (f. brynju).

falsaðr,pp. false,falsified,adulterated (f. guð, f. drykkr).

falsara-dómr, m. fraud, imposture. falsari, m. impostor, deceiver. fals-blandaðr,pp. blendedwith fraud,guileful; -bréf,n. falsedeed; -bróðir,m. falsefriar; -greifl,m. false count (Heinrekr-greifi); -guð,m. false god; -heit,n. falsepromise; -kona,f. falsewoman,harlot; -konungr,m. false, self-madeking; -kostr,m. falsevirtue; -kristr,m. falseChrist; -lausliga,adv. withoutfraud; -lauss,a. guileless;-laus máli, goodmoney;-laustkaup, abargain ingoodfaith; -laust,adv.=-lausliga;

-leysi,n. sincerity,honesty; -liga,adv. falsely; -ligr,a. false; -mær,f. harlot; -óttr,a. deceitful; -peningar,m.pl. falsemoney; -postoli,m. falseapostle; -púsa,f. unfaithfulwife; -samliga,adv. =falsliga; -samligr,a. false,fraudulent; -silfr,n. bad(adulterated)silver; -spámaðr,m. falseprophet; -trú,f. falsedoctrine,heresy; -váttr,m. falsewitness; -vilnan,f. deceitfulhope; -vitni,n. falsewitness(evidence); -vitr,a. crafty, cunning. fambi, m. fool: cf. ‘fimbul-fambi’. fang,n.(1) grasp,hold;fáf.áe-m or af e-m, togetholdofone (fekkengiþeirra f.ámér);sáþeir,atþeirfenguekkif.at Erlingi, theysawthattheycouldnotcatch H.;(2) wrestling,grappling (takaf.viðen,gangatilfangs);gangaáf.viðe-n,g. íf.e-m, tograpplewithone,provokeone; fangservánatfrekumúlfi, itishardto dealwithahungrywolf;(3) thespacebetweenthearms,thebreastandarms;kom spjótitíf.honum, thespearpiercedhis breast;rekaíf.e-m, tothrowinone’sface; hafae-tífangisér, toholdinone’sarms, tohaveinone’spower;takaíf.sér, to takeintoone’sarms (tókmanninníf.sér okbarút);fœraste-tíf., toundertake athing,takeupononeself;fœraste-tór fangi, tothrow off, refuse;(4) catching fish,fishing;halda(fara)tilfangs, togo a-fishing; take,catch,draught (f.þat,er þeiráttubáðir);(5) fœtus insheepand cows(efgraðungreltirf.órkú);(6)pl., föng, baggage,luggage;föngokfargögn, luggageandcarriage,provisions (öllvóru f.hinbeztu);borðmeðhinumbeztum föngum, atablewiththebestofcheer;(7) pl. means,opportunily;engif.eruönnur á, thereisnootherchoice;hafaf.áe-u, to

beenabledtodoathing (höfðueigif.áat rekalangtflóttann);af(eptir)föngum, to thebestofone’spower,accordingtoone’s means.

fanga (að),v. tocapture (áðrenhann varfangaðr);f.dauða, tocatchone’s death, die. fanga-brekka,f. wrestlingground (at the Althingi).

fangaðr,a. havingmeans (föng) fordoing a thing. fanga-fár,a. shortmeansorprovisions; e-mverðr-fátt, fallsshortofprovisions; -kviðr,m. abodyofjurymentakenatrandom; -lauss,a. voidofmeansorprovisions; -leysi,n. wantofstores; -lítill, a. vile,notworthfetching; -ráð,n. device, expedient;góðr,fljótr-ráðs, ready,quick at expedients.

fangari, m. wrestler. fanga-stakkr,m. wrestlingjerkin; -váttr,m. awitnesstakenatrandom; -vitni, n. testimony of a -váttr.

fang-brögð,n.pl. wrestling (takast -brögðum).

fangelsi, n. prison, jail. fang-hella,f. astonesetonedgeona wrestling ground. fangi, m. prisoner (rare).

fanginn, pp. captured; fig. enticed. fang-lítill,a. yieldinglittleproduce; -staðr,m. aplacetograsporlayhold of;fá-stáðe-m, togetaholdofone;ljá -staðarásér, toletoneselfbecaught; fangs-tíð, f. wedding season. fang-sæll,a. havingagoodgrasp, lucky; -taka,f. takingahold (in wrestling); -vinr,m. anantagonistin wrestling (poet.). fann-hvítr,a. snow-white; -mikill,a. snowy.

fantr (-s, -ar),m.(1) servant,footman (fantséekhvernáhesti,enlendirmenn ganga); (2) landlouper, vagabond. far,n.(1) ameansoffpassage,ship; bjargafariáfloti, tosaveavesselqflaat; incompds., atradingvessel (Íslands-far, Englands-far);(2) passage;taka(fá,ráða) sérfari or far, totakeapassageinaship; beiðastfars, toaskforapassage;synjaemfars, todenyoneapassage;bannae-m f., toforbidonetosail (cf.‘farbann’);(3) trace,print,track (Sveinkiraklömbsín tilfjöruíförin);villasthundarnirfarsins, thehoundslosethetrack;ofetsamaf., onthesamesubject;(4) life,conduct,behaviour;ífarikonungsins intheking’s character;(5) state,condition (gefaþeireigigaumumhennarfar)f.veðranna, the courseofthewinds;atfornufari, ofyore, of old. fara (fer; fór, fórum; farinn),v. (1) tomove,passalong,go;gekkhann hvargisemhannfór, hewalkedwherever hewent;f.heim(heiman), togohome (fromhome);f.áfunde-s tovisitone; fjöldekfór, Itravelledmuch;hannsagði, hversuorðfórumeðþeim, whatwords passedbetweenthem;absol., togobegging (ómagar,erþareiguatf.íþvíþingi);(2) with‘ferð,leið’orthelikeaddedinacc., gen.,ordat.;f.leiðarsinnar, togoone’s way,proceedonone’sjourney (=f.ferðar sinnar or ferðasinna,f.ferðsina,f.för sina,förumsínum);f.þessaferð, tomake thisjourney;f.fullumdagleiðum, totravelafulldaysjourneys;f.stefnuför, togo a-summoning;f.bónorðsför, togoa-wooing;f.sigrför, togoonthepathofvictory,totriumph;f.góðaför, tomakea luckyjourney;fig.,f.ósigr, tobedefeated;f.mikinnskaða, tosuffergreatdam-

age;f.hneykju,skömm, toincurdisgrace; f.erendleysu, tofailinone’serrand;with theroadinacc.(f.fjöllokdala);(3)f. búðum,bygðum,vistum, tomove,change one’sabode;f.eldiokarni, tomoveone’s hearthandfire;(4)f.einnsaman, togo alone;f.eigieinsaman, togowithchild (= f.meðbarni);(5)withinfin.;f.sofa, to gotosleep (allirmennvórusofafarnir);f. vega, togotofight;f.leita, togoseeking (varleitafarit);(6)withanadj.,&c.;f. villr, togoastray;f.haltr, towalklame;f. vanstiltr, togooutofone’smind;f.duldre-s, tobeunawareof;f.andvígre-m, togivebattle;f.leyniliga(leynt), tobe keptsecret;eigimáþettasváf., thiscannotgooninthatway;fjarriferrþat, far fromit,bynomeans;fórþatfjarri,atek vilda, Iwasfarfromdesiringit;(7) to turnout,end;fórþatsemlíkligtvar, it turnedoutaswaslikely (viz. endedill); sváfór,at, theendwas,that;efsváferr semekgettil, ifitturnsoutasIguess; ásómuleiðfórumaðrasendimenn, it wentthesamewaywiththeothermessengers;(8) tofarewell,ill;biðjae-nvelf., tobidonefarewell;(9) tosuit,fit,esp.of clothes,hair(ekkiþykkirmérkyrtillþinn f.betrenstakkrminn;háritfórvel);impers.,fórillaáhestinum, itsatillonthe horse;(10)impers.,e-mferrvel,illa, one behavesoractswell,ill;honumhafaöll málinverstfarit, hehasbehavedworst inthewholematter;e-mferrvinveittliga, onebehavesinafriendlyway;(11)refl.,esp.ofajourney;farastvel,illa, togo well,ill;fórstþeimvel, theygotonwell; fórstþeimþáseintumdaginn, theygot alongslowly;recipr.,farasthjá, topass oneanotherwithoutmeeting,=f.ámis;f. ímóti, tomarchagainstoneanother;(12)

f.e-thöndum, totouchwiththehands, esp.ofahealingtouch,=f.höndumum e-t(biðhannf.höndummeinit);f.land herskildi,brandi, tovisitalandwith ‘warshield’,withfire,toravageordevastate it (gekksíðanálanduppmeðliðisínu okfóralitherskildi);(13) toovertake (Án hrísmagivarþeirraskjótastrokgatfarit sveininn);tunglitferrsólina, themoon overtakesthesun;áðrhanaFenrirfari, beforeF.overtakesher;(14) toill-treat,treat cruelly;mennsáekþá,ermjökhöfðu hungrifarithörund, thathadchastened theirfleshwithmuchfasting;(15) toputan endto,destroy;f.sér(sjálfr), tokilloneself;f.lífi(fjörvi)e-s, todepriveoneof life;þúhefirsigrvegitokFáfni(dat.)um farit, killedF.;(16) toforfeit (f.löndum oklausafé);(17)refl.,farast, toperish;f. afsulti,hita,mœði, todieofhunger,heat, exhaustion;ofaship, tofounder (fórstþar byrðingrinn); tobedrowned (allsfórust þarníumenn);þáerbæðihiminnokjörð hefirfarizt, whenheavenandearthshall havepassedaway;ferstnúvináttaykkur, yourfriendshipisdonewith;f.fyrir, to cometonought (atsíðrmunifyrirf. nökkurtstórræði);(18)withpreps.and advs.,f.afklæðum, totakeoffone’s clothes;f.ate-m, tomakeanattackupon, toassault (eigimundiíannatsinnvænna atf.atjarlinum);f.ate-u, tomind,pay heedto;ekkiferekat,þóttþúhafirsvelt þiktilfjár (itdoesnotmattertome,Ido notcare,though); todealwithathing,proceedinacertainway;sváskalatsóknf., thusisthepleadingtobeproceededwith; f.atlögum,úlögum, toproceedlawfully, unlawfully;f.mjúkligaat, toproceedgently;hérskuluviðf.atmeðráðum, act with,deliberation;impers.withdat., to

do,behave;illahefirmératfarit, Ihave donemybusinessbadly; togoinpusuit (search)of (víkingarnökkurirþeirsem fóruatféföngum);f.atfuglaveiðum, to goa-fowling;f.atfé, totendsheep;f.áen, tocomeuponone;sigusamanaugu,þá erdauðinnfórá, whendeathseizedhim; f.áhæl or hæli, tostepback,retreat;f.eptire-m, tofollowone;f.eptire-u, togo for,gotofetch (Snorrigoðifóreptirlíkinu;f.eptirvatni); toaccommodateoneselfto,conformto (engivildieptiröðrum f.);þauorðereptirfara, thefollowing words;f.fram, togoon,takeplace;efeigi ferrgjaldfram, ifnopaymenttakesplace; veizlanferrvelfram, thefeastwenton well;spyrr,hvatþarfœrifram, heasked, whatwasgoingonthere;f.framráðumes, tofollowone’sadvice;alltmunþatsínu framf., itwilltakeitsowncourse;kváðu þatengugegnaokfórusínufram, took theirownway;segirhonum,hversuþeir fórufram, howtheyacted;f.e-tfram, to do.,performathing;spyrrhann,hvatnú séframfaranda, whatistobedone;f.fyrir e-t, topassfor,betakenfor (farisáfyrir níðing,er);refl.,farastfyrir, tocometo nought (fórstþatfyrir);f.hjásér, tobebesideoneself;f.íe-t, togointo (f.ítunnu);f.ísæng,rekkju, togotobed;f.í sesssinn,sætisitt, totakeone’sseat;f.í klæði, toputonclothes,dress;f.ívápn, brynju, toputonarmour;f.ílag, togo rightorstraightagain (þáfórubrýnnhans ílag);f.ívöxt, toincrease;f.íþurð, to wane;f.íhernað,víking, togoa-freebooting;núferríúvæntefni, nowmatters lookhopeless; tohappen,occur (alitþat, eríhafðifaritumnóttina);f.meðe-t, towieldhandle,manage;fórHroptrmeð Gungni, H.wielded(thespear)Gungnir;f.

meðgoðorð, toholda goðorð;f.meðsök, tomanagealawsuit; topractice,dealin;f. meðrán, todealinrobbery;f.meðspott okháð, togoscoffingandmocking;f.með galdraokfjölkyngi, topracticesorcery; to dealwith,treat,handle (þúmuntbeztok hógligastmeðhannfara);f.afhljóðimeð e-t, tokeepmatterssecret;f.meðe-m, togowithone,followone (ekskalmeð yðrf.meðallanminnstyrk);f.meðeu, todo(soandso)withathing,todeal with,manage;hvernigþeirskylduf.með vápnumsínum, whattheyweretodowith theirweapons;sámaðr,ermeðarfinum ferr, whomanagestheinheritance;f.með málumsínum, tomanageone’scase;f. velmeðsínumháttum, tobearoneself well;undarligafaramunkarþessirmeð sér, thesemonksbehavestrangely;f.með barni, togowithchild;impers.,ferrmeð þeimheldrfáliga, theyareonindifferent terms;f.órlandi, toleavethecountry; f.órklæðum,fötum, totakeoffone’s clothes,undress;f.saman, togotogether; toshake,shudder;fórenfornafoldöll saman, shiveredallthrough; toconcur, agree (hversumáþatsamanf);f.til svefns, togotosleep (=f.atsofa);f.um e-t, totravelover (f.umfjall);f.höndum ume-n, tostrokeortouchonewiththe hands (hannfórhöndumumþá,ersjúkir vóru);f.mörgumorðumume-t, todilate uponasubject;f.myrktume-t, tokeep amatterdark;f.undan, toexcuseoneself (fromdoingathing),todecline,refuse (hvatberrtil,atþúferrundanatgera mérveizluna);borðfaraupp, thetables areremoved;f.út, togofromNorwayto Iceland; tocometoaclose,runout (fóru sváútþessirfimmvetr);f.útan, togo abroad (fromIceland);f.viðe-n, totreat

one,dealwithoneinacertainway;margs á,ekminnast,hveviðmikfóruð, Ihave manythingstorememberofyourdealings withme;f.yfire-t, togothrough;núer yfirfaritumlandnám, nowanaccountof thesettlementshasbeengiven;skjóttyfir at f., to be brief. fara-bók,f. abookoftravels,anitinerary; -hagr,m. travellingcircumstancesor condition. farald,n.(modeof) travelling,inthe phrase,hverju(or meðhverju)faraldi (how,bywhatmeans) hannafðiþarkomit. farandi (pl. -endr), m. traveller. farand-kona, f. beggar-woman. far-angr (gen. -angrs), m. luggage. farar-bann,n.=farbann; -beini,m. furtheringone’sjourney; -blómi,m. travellingwithpomp; -broddr,m. thefront ofahost; -búinn,pp.=farbúinn; -dvöl, f. delay; -efni,n.pl. equipment; -eyrir, m. moneyfortravelling; -gögn,n.pl. necessariesforajourney; -greiði,m. conveyance; -haft,n. hindrance,stoppage; -hestr,m. nag,horse; -leyfi,n. leaveto go; -mungát,n. aleforuseonajourney; -nautr, m. = förunautr. fararskjóta-laust,adv. without means of conveyance. farar-skjóti,m. meansofconveyance; -snúðr,m. speedonajourney; -stafr, m. walking-stick; -tálmi,m. hindrance, delay in one’s journey. far-bann,n. prohibitionofsailing,embargo; -bauti,m. ogre; -beini,m.= fararbeini; -borði,m.,inthephrase,leitasérfarborða, totakeprecautions(soas togetsafeandsoundoutofadanger); -búinn,pp. preparedtosail,readyfordeparture. fardaga-helgr,f. theSundayin farda-

gar; -skeið, n. the time of fardagar. far-dagar,m.pl. removingdays(four successivedaysinsummer,attheendof May,oldstyle); -drengr,m. sea-faring man; -flótti,a. fugitive,exiled; -fúss, a. eagerfordeparting; -fýsi,f. eagerness to depart or travel. farga (að),v.(1)withacc., topress;(2) with dat., to destroy, make away with. far-gæfa,f. goodluckonaJourney; -gögn,n.pl. luggage,baggage; -gørvi, n. travellinggear; -hirðir,m. ferry-man. -fari,m. sea-farer,voyager,onlyin compds.(Dyflinnar-fari,Englands-fari); traveller (Jórsala-fari).

farinn,pp.(1) gone,undone;þáer farnirvóruforstöðumennTroju, when thedefendersofTroyweredeadandgone; hanstaflvarmjöksváfarit, hisgainewas almostlost;farinnafsultiokmœði, famishedandexhausted;f.ate-u, destituteof (f.atvistum,lausafé);tunglfarit, a‘dead’ moon,newmoon;sólvarskamtfarin, the sunwaslittleadvaned,notlongrisen;þá vardagralljósoksólfarin, broaddayand thesunhighinthesky;(2) soandsoconditioned;velandlitsf.,velf.íandliti, wellfavoured;mjökaldrif., strickeninyears; velorði(or orðum)f., well-spoken,eloquent;impers.,e-m,ere-nvegfarit, one issoandso;ereigieinnvegfaritúgæfu okkar, ourill-luckisnotofonepiece;veðri varþannigfarit,at, theweatherwassuch that;hversulandinuerfarit, whatthe conditionofthecountryis;hennierþannigfarit,athónermikiley,löng, (viz. theisland)issoshapedthatitislargeand long;fig.,ofdisposition,character;er honumvelfarit, heisawell-disposed man;þeimvarúlíktfaritatmörgu, they wereunlikeinmanyrespects;undarligaer

yðrfarit, yearestrangemen;addingthe prep.til:núerannanvegtilfarit, now mattersarealtered;núersvátilfarit,at ekvil, nowthecaseis,thatIwish;(3)á förnumvegi, onthehigh-road (efmaðr andastáförnumvegi);hannkomheimaf förnum vegi, from a journey. far-kona, f. beggar-woman. farkonu-sótt, f. a kind of disease.

far-kostr,m. avessel,aship; -lami, a. unabletogofurtheronajourney; -leiga,f. passage-money; -lengd,f. journey,travels; -ljóss,a. lightenoughfor travelling (nóttvarþáfarljós); -lög,n. pl. nauticallaw; -maðr,m. sea-faring man, seaman, travelling merchant. farmanna-búðir,f.pl. merchant booths; -lög, n. pl. = farlög.

far-móðr, a. weary from travelling. farmr (-s, -ar),m. freight,cargo (bera, flytjafarmafskipi); load (ingeneral); (2) contents (maðrinnfinnrfötunameð sínum farmi).

far-mœða,f. tirednessorweariness from travelling.

farnaðr (gen. -ar),m. furtherance, speed (tilfarnaðarméroktilferðar);þar titerhónkynninökkurnfarnað, tillshe had learned how to get on in the world. far-nagli, m. plug (in a boat).

farnast (að),v.refl.,f.vel, tospeed well; to be fortunate. far-nest,n. provisionsforajourney (í bagga hans var farnest hans).

farning,f. ferryingover,passage (veita e-m f.).

farningar-maðr, m. = ferjumaðr. farningr (gen. -s), m. = farning.

far-rak, -rek,n. strait,dillema;atþú komiraldrisíðaníslíktfarrak, insucha strait;þathafðiÞórðiorðittilfarreks,at,

that mishap had befallen Thord, that. farri, m. landlouper, vagrant. far-skip, n. ferry-boat. fars-kostr, m. = farkostr. far-snilli,f. nauticalart; -synjan,f. refusing to ferry one over. far-sæla,f. goodspeed,prosperity, happiness; -sælast (d),v.refl., tospeed well,haveluck; -sæld,f.=-sæla;friðrok farsæld, peaceandhappiness; -sæll,a. (1) speedingwellinvoyages (sváfarsæll,at hannkaussérjafnanhöfn);(2) prosperous; -sælliga,adv. prosperously; -sælligr,a. prosperous,advantageous,useful (farsælligir hlútir).

farsælu-lauss,a.(1) luckless;(2) miserable. far-tálmi,m.=farartálmi; -tekja,f. takingapassageinaship; -vegr,m.(1) track (mannafarvegr);(2) channel,bedof ariver;(3) road,journey (langrfarvegr); -þegi, m. passenger. fast,adv. firmly,fast (sitja,standabinda,haldaf.);sofaf., tosleepfast;drekka f., todrinkhard;leitaf.eptir, tourge, presshard;ryðjastumf., tomakeahard onslaught;leggjaf.at, toclosewithone (in asea-fight);teljaf.áe-n, togiveoneasevere lesson. fasta (að),v. tofast,abstainfromfood; f. þurt, to fast on dryfood. fasta,f.(1) fast,fasting;(2) seasonappointed for fasting (níu vikna f.). fasta-eign,f. realproperty,opp.to ‘lausafé’,‘lausseyrir’; -far,n.,onlyin dat.,(í)fastafari, eagerly,constantly; -góz, n. = fasta-eign. fast-eygðr, -eygr,a. firm-eyed; -garðr,m. fastness,stronghold;fastgarðrerfyrir, therearegreatobstaclesin theway; -haldr,a.(1) tenacious,saving;

(2) steadfast,constant (fasthaldrásinni fyrirætlan); -heitinn,a. truetoone’s word; -heldi,f.(1) closeness,parsimony; (2) tenacityconstancy; -hendr,a. closefisted.

fasti,m.poet. fire;fœrae-nífasta, to bring one into a strait. fastla, adv. = fastliga. fast-liga,adv. firmly,strongly;trúa -liga, tobelievefirmly;e-thorfir-liga, it lookshard,difficult;vera-ligakominn, tobesetfast; -ligr,a. fast,firm,strong; -lyndr,a. firm,strong-minded; -máll,a. trusty; -mæli,n.pl. fastengagement (binda e-t fastmælum).

fastna (að),v.(1) topledge,promise solemnly (f.e-mlögbót);(2) tobetroth (fastnaðiMörðrHrútidóttursína);f.sér konu, toengageawife;refl.fastnast, tobe betrothed. fastnaðar-mál,n.=festarmál; -öl, n. = festaröl.

fastnaðr (-ar), m. betrothal.

fastnandi (pl. -endr), m. betrother. fast-næmr,a.(1) close-fisted;(2) firm, trusty (-næmr við vini sína).

fast-orðr, a. true to one ’ s word. fastr,a.(1) fast,firm,stickingfastto thespot;hrútrf. (heldfast,entangled) á meðalviða;f.ávelli, standingfast (inbattle);standaf.fyrir, tostandfast(firm); (2) close,close-fisted;f.okfégjarn, close andcovetous;f.afe-u, sparingof (f.af drykk);(3)ofameeting:þáersóknarþingerfast, duringthesession;(4) firm,faithful (fastheit,loforð,fösttrú); fullrokf., definitive,permanent (þessi griðskuluverafullokföst);(5) strong, hard (f.bardagi);fastatkvæði, hardsyllable (endinginadoubleconsonant);(6) tilfasta, fast,firmly;ráða,mæla,heitatil

fasta, to make a firm agreement. fast-ráðinn,pp. determined (-ráðinní e-u);hafae-tráðit, tohavemadeupone’s mind(about); -ríki,n. strongrule,tyranny; -settr,pp. fast-rooted (-settvilla); -tekinn,pp. determined,resolved (hafa e-tfast-tekitmeðsér,-tekinníe-u); -tœkr,a. headstrong,stubborn; -úðigr, a. staunch,firmofmind; -úðliga,adv. firmly; -úðligr,adv.=-úðigr; -vingr,a. steadfastasfriend,=vinfastr; -yrðr,a.= -orðr.

fat,n.(1) vat,vessel,pail (konavildi beravatnenhafðiekkif.);eittfat (basket) meðvínberjum;(2) luggage,baggage (berafötsínáskip,berafötáland);(3) articleofclothing,garment,pl.(föt), clothes,dress (hannhafðifötsínífangi sér, en sjálfr var hann naktr).

fata, f. pail, bucket. fata (að), v. to step, = feta. fata-búningr,m. apparel; -búr,n. wardrobe; -gørvi,n. luggage,gear; -hestr,m. pack-horse; -hirzla,f. wardrobe; -hrúga,f. heapofclothes; -kista,f. clolhes-chest.

fatlaðr,pp. impeded;fjötrifatlaðr, fettered.

fat-lauss,a.(1) withoutclothes,= klæðlauss; (2) without luggage.

fatl-byrðr,f. aburdenfastenedwith straps (cf. ‘fetill’).

fatnaðr (gen. -ar), m. clothing. fat-prúðr,a. dressy,finelydressed; -prýði, f. dressiness.

fatr, n. impediment, delay. fatrast (að),v.refl. tobeentangled or impededinathing (fatrastmjökfyrir honum).

fats-töturr, m. tatters. fattir, a. (easily) bowed backwards.

fatt-skolptaðr,a. withupturned snout. fauska-gröptr,m. diggingdrylogs out of the earth for fuel. fauskr (-s, -ar),m. arottendrylog (fúinn fauskr, forn fauskr). fax,n. mane;poet.,vallarfax, the field’s mane, wood. faxaðr, pp. maned, having a mane. fá (fæ; fekk, fengum; fenginn),v. (1) tograspwiththehands,getholdof; hónhefirfengiteinnstein, shehastaken astone;(2) totake,capture (fenguþeir Gunnar);(3) toget,gain,win;sáfærerfrjár, hethatwooswins;fáfljóðsást towin awoman’slove;hannbaðkonunnarok fekkheitithennar, heaskedthewomanin marriageandgotthepromiseofherhand; fásitteyrindi, toaccomplishone’serrand; fáhaærrahlut, togetthebetterofit;fá góðarviðtökur, togetagoodreception;fá skilningáe-u, togetknowledgeof;(4) to sufferendure;fáúsigr, tobedefeated;fá skaða, tosufferharm;fáúvit, tofallsenseless,tofaint;fálíflát, tofalllifeless;fá bana, tocomebyone’sdeath;(5) toget, procure;hannfekksérgottkvánfang, he gotagoodwife;(6) togive,delivertoone, putintoone’shands;fámér (giveme) leppatváórháriþinu;fáitnúkonungifestu (givethekingbail) þáerhonumlíki; fáe-msök, tochargeone;varsásveinn fenginníhendrokkr, deliveredintoour hands;fáe-me-tatgeyma, togiveathing intoone’scharge (=fáe-me-ttilgeymslu);(7)withpp.following, tobeableto; fáe-nveiddan, tobeabletocatchone;hon fœrmeðengumótivakitþá, shecould bynomeansawakenthem;þeirmunumik aldrifásótt, theywillneverbeableto overcomeme;fenguþeirhonumekkinát,

theycouldnotcatchhim:skaltuhvergifá undanhokat, thoushallhavenochance ofsneakingaway;hannfekkþóeigivíss orðit, hecouldnotmakeoutforcertain;(8) withgen., toget,take,gain,win;þeirfengufjármikils, theytookarichbooty;vel erþessfengit, itiswellearned,welldone; hannvareigiskáld,okhannhafðieiþeirrarlistarfengit, hehadnotreceivedthat gift:fáverðar, totakeameal;hanntekk sérsveitar (heraisedaband) okgørðistillvirki;fákonu, togetawife,marry (hon varátjánvetra,erþorsteinnfekkhennar);(9) toconceive,ofsheepandcattle (fáburðar, lambs);(10) totouch,affect; þatfekkmikilshinumherteknamanni, ittouchedthecaptivedeeply,þáfærþorbirnisvá.mjök(Th.wassomuchmoved), athanngrætr;(11)impers., onecangetor find;vápnsvágóð,ateigifærönnurslík, thatthelikearenottobegot;atvarlafái vitraramann, thatawisermanishardlyto befound;also, onemayorcan (dosomething);þatskipfærvelvariteldi, that shipcanwellbeguardedagainstfire;(12) withpreps.;fáafsér(withinfin.) tobring oneselfto;þeirfenguafverra, theygotthe worseofit;fáatveizlu,brúkaupi,blóti, togetprovisionsforafeast (hannfekkat blótimiklu);sádagreratjólumskalfá, thedaywhenpreparationsaretobemade forYule (cf.‘atfangadagr’);fááe-u, toget hold of, graspwiththehand;faðirMóða fekkáþremi, thefatherofM.caughthold ofthebrim;fáe-n, totouch,affectone, move (optfááhorskanlostfagrir,litir); látae-tásikfá, tobe(deeply)affectedby, takeittoheart;drykkrfæráe-n, thedrink intoxicatesone (erdrykkrfekkáHákon jarl);fáíe-t, totakehold of, graspwiththe hand (=fááe-u);forðuðufingrum,fen-

guísnœri, theytookholdofthestrings; fáe-t or e-stil, toget,procure (varkirkja görokkennimannatilfengit);fáe-ntil atgørae-t, togetonetodoathing;þeir fengumenntilatryðjaskipsitt, theygot mentocleartheirship fátile-s, tolay holdof;þarvarfjöldfjár,fengutilmargir, therewaswealthofmoney,andmany tookashareofit;(13)refl.,fástíe-u, to bebusy,exertoneself,engageinamatter (dróttninginmáttiþarekkiífást);Helgi leitaðiþá,efSigurðrvildiífástviðÞorvald, ifS.wouldtrywithTh.;segirhann ljúgaokfástírógi, anddealinslander; fástviðe-t=f.íe-u;f.viðe-n, tohave todowith,tocontendwithone (H.segist þávilja…fásteigiviðfjándaþenna); to wrestle(grapple)withone (skaltufástvið blámann várn).

fá (fá, fáða, fáðr),v. todraw,paint; fárúnar, todrawrunesormagiccharacters;vérhöfumfáðaungabrúðiávegg, wehavepaintedtheyoungbrideonthe wall; gulli fáðr, gilded. fá-bygðr, pp. thinly peopled. fádœma-mikill,a. uncommonlygreat (högg fádœma-mikit).

fá-dœmi,pl. exceptionalthings;vera meðfádœmum, tobeexceptional,portentuous; -dœmiligr,a. exceptional,extraordinary. fádœmis-heimska,f. extraordinary foolishness; fá-einir,a.pl. onlyafew (= fáireinir); -frœðr,a. ignorant; -frœði, f. want of knowledge, ignorance. fága (að),v.(1) toadorn,embellish (gjörðfáguðmeðbrögðum);(2) topolish, clean =fægja(húnfágarokþværfœtr þeirraallra);(3) totakecare(charge)of,to tend (f.farsælulausa,sjúka);(4) tocultivate (f.ranganátrúnáð);f.jörðina, totill

the earth; (5) to worship (f. heiðin goð).

fágan, f. worship (f. guða).

fáganar-maðr, m. worshipper. fágandi (pl. -endr),m., fágari,m. cultivator,worshipper (víngarðsfágandi, fágari skurðgoða).

fá-glýjaðr, pp. of little glee, sad. fágu-ligr, a. neatly polished. fá-gætr,a. scarce,rare,uncommon; -heyrðr,pp., -heyriligr,a. unusual; -hjúaðr,a. fewinfamily (varþár fáhjúat); -hœfr, a. of little use. fái, m. image, figure. fáinn, a. polished, stained. fá-kátr, a. sad, in low spirits. fák-hestr, m. = fákr.

fá-klæddr,pp. havingfewclothesonly thinly clad. fákr (-s, -ar), m. horse (poet.).

fá-kunnandi,f., -kunnasta,f. ignorance; -kunnigr,a. ignorant; -kunnleikr,m.=-kunnasta; -kunnligr,a. unusual,rare; -kynsl,n.pl., -kynstr, n. shocking accident. fála, f. giantess, hag, witch. fá-látr,a. silent,reserved; -leikr,m. coldness,melancholy (takafáleikaok úgfleði); -liða,a.indecl., -liðaðr, -liða,a. withfewfollowers; -liga,adv. coldly (fellmeðþeimheldrfáliga); -ligr, a. cold, reserved. fálka-kaup,n. purchaseoffalcons; -veiðr, f. catching of falcons. fálki, m. falcon. fálma (að),v. tofumble,gropeabout (f. höndum,saxi);f.tile-s, totrytogethold ofone (Hrapprvildif.tilmín);(2) flinch (f. af hræzlu).

fá-lyndi,n. steadfastness,faithfulness; -lyndr,a. steadfast,faithful,opp.to ‘fjöllyndr’; -máligr,a. charyofwords,

reticent; -menni,n. fewpeople; -mennr, a. havingfewfollowers (farafámennt); -mæltr,a.=-máligr; -nefndr,pp. seldommentioned; -nýtr,a. oflittleuse; -orðr, a. sparing of words. fár (fá, fátt;compar. færi or færri, superl. fæstr),a.(1) few;meðfáliðivið fámenn, withfewmen;fáir(=fáirmenn), few;fáireinir, onlyafew;ífámorðum, infew,words;thesing.ofteninsteadof plur.,esp.inoldsayings(fárerfagr,ef grætr;f.bregðrhinubetra,efhannveit hitverra);neut.fátt, fewthings (fáttveit sáersefr);vareigiboðitfæraenhundraði, nofewerthanahundredwereinvited;fáttafþeirramönnum, onlyafew oftheirmen;withgen.,fáttmanna, few men;fáttgóðs, butlittlegood:þeirugðu fáttatsér, theyfearedlittlefortheirown safety;withnumerals,fáttí, lessthan, shortof,save;vetrifáttífjóratigu, forty yearsallbutone,thirty-nineyears;lítit fáttífimmtigivetra, littleshortoffifty years;hálfumeyrifáttíáttamerkr, eight markslesshalfanounce;sexmennitfæsta, sixmenatleast;(2) cold,reserved,in lowspirits =fálátr;varþáGunnarrvið hanalengfár, wascoldtoherforalong time; neut.fátt, coolness:varfáttummeð þeimbrœðrum thebrotherswereonindifferentterms;fáttvarmeðþeimHrútium samfarar, therewasacoolnessbetweenH. andhiswife:hvártervarímilliþeirra marteðafátt, whetherthey,stoodongood or bad terms, were friendly or not. fár,n.(1) bale,harm,mischief;lesaf. ume-n, tospeakfoulcalumniesofone;af fári, fromevilpassion;efekvissaþatf. fyrir, ifIcouldforeseethatbale;fullskal signaokviðfárasjá, andsopreventharm fromit;þaterf.mikit (‘tisabadomen), efþúfœtidrepr;(2) dangerousillness (lá hanníþessufárinærviku);(3) fraudfalse dealing. fá-ráðr, a. perplexed, helpless. fár-hugr,m. wrath,grudge; -kaldi, m. piercingcoldness (-kuldiveðrs); -leikr,m. disaster;liga.adv.(1) wrathfully;(2) abominably; -ligr,a. harmful, disastrous; -ramr, a. terribly strong. fárs-fullr, a. ill-natured, malignant. fárs-skapr, m. fierceness. fárs-kona,f. wickedwoman; -maðr, m. wicked man. fár-sótt,f. pestilence; -verkr,m. severepain; -viðri,n. balefulweather,tempest; -yðri, n. pl. foul language. fá-rœddr,pp. littlespokenof (þarvar fárœtum); -rœðinn,a. charyofwords (= fámáligr,fáorðr); -sénn,a. seldomseen, rare; -sinni,n. loneliness,isolation; -skiptinn,a. littlemeddling,quiet; -skrúðigr, -skrúðligr,a. meagre, poor; -skýrliga,adv. foolishly (spyrja fáskrliga); -skýrligr,a. foolish,silly; -staðar,adv. infewplaces; -talaðr,pp. (1)=-orðr;(2) havingfewvowel-sounds; -tíðindi,n.pl. rareoccurrence; -tíðliga,adv. rarely; -tiðligr,a., -tíðr,a. uncommon,rare; -tœkdómr,m. poverty; -tœki,n. want,poverty;gangaáfátœki, togoabegging; fátœkis-dómr,m.= fátœkdómr; -fölk,n. poorfolk; -land, n. landofaffliction; -lið,n. poorpeople; -maðr, m. poor man. fátœk-leikr,m. poverty; -liga,adv. poorly; -ligr, a. poorly, poor. fá-tœkr,a. poor; -tœkt,f. poverty; -vingaðr,pp. havingfewfriends (hafa fávingat); -vitr,a. unwise,foolish,silly; -vitra, -vizka,f. unwisdom,folly; -vizkr, a. = fávitr; -víss, a. foolish.

fé (gen. fjár),n.(1) cattle,esp. sheep; þeirrákuféit (thesheep) uppágeilarnar; gætafjár, toherdortendsheep;ganganda fé, livestock,opp.to‘dauttfé’, or ‘liggjandafé,’ valuables,money;(2) property, money (hvártsemféþaterlandeðrannat fé);fyrirgøraféokfjörvi, toforfeitpropertyandlife;féerfjörvifirr, lifeisdearer thanmoney;féveldrfrændarógi, money makesfoesofkinsmen;aflasérfjárok frægðar(frama), togainwealthandfame; hérerféþat (themoney),erGunnarr greiddi;þiggitþat,herra,féeríþví, there isvalueinit;pl.fé(dat.fjám), property, means. féauðnu-maðr,m. amanluckywith his sheep; fé-boð, n. offer of money. fébóta-laust,adv. withoutanycompensation being paid. fé-brögð,n.pl. devicesformaking money; -bœtr,f.pl. compensation,esp. as weregild, opposed to ‘mannhefndir’. feðgar,m.pl. fatherandson(orsons); viðf. we,fatherandson;vinþeirraSturlu feðga, a friend of Sturla and his father. feðgin,n.(1) fatherormother (hvárttveggjafeðginit);(2)pl. parents; várrafyrstufeðgina, ofourfirstparents; f.eðaná-frændr, parentsornearkinsfolk; hjáfeðginumsínumokforellrismönnum, by his parents and forefathers. feðma (að),v. tospanorencompass with the arms. feðr, m. father, = faðir. feðr-betrungr, m. = föðurbetrungr. feðr-land,n. fatherland,=föðurland; -munir, m. pl. patrimony. fé-drengr,m. open-handedman (drengrgóðrviðsínavini); -drjúgr,a. rich in sheep and cattle. fé-fang,n. booty; -fastr,a. close-fist-

ed,=fastraffé; -fátt,a.n. inwantof money (e-mer or verðrféfátt); -fellir, m. lossofsheep(fromplagueorstarvation); -festi,f. close-fistedness; -fletta (-tta, -ttr),v. tostrip(one)ofmoney, cheat(one); -frekr,a. greedyformoney; -föng,n.pl. booty,plunder,spoil,cf.‘féfang’; -gefinn,pp. givenfor (and to) gain.

fegin-leikr, m. joyfulness. feginn,a. glad,joyful;verðaf.torejoice;fegnarienfrámegisegja, happybeyonddescription;withdat.,Ingikonungr varðhonumhinnfegnasti, kingIngiwas delightedwithhiscoming;illuf.verþú aldrigi, neverrejoiceinmischief;takavið e-mfeginshendi, toreceiveonejoyfully, withheartandhand;finnastáfeginsdegi, tomeetonthedayofjoy,attheresurrection.

fegin-saga,f. joyfullnews; -samliga, adv. joyfully; -samligr, a. joyful. fé-girnd, -girni,f. avarice; -gjald,n. payment,fine; -gjarn,a. covetous,avaricous; -gjöf,f. giftofmoney; -gloggr,a. close-handed; -góðr,a. good,current (i fégóðum peningum).

fegra (aðor-ða),v. toembellish, beautify;kannasiðuinannaokf. toimprove,better;ekkiþarfþatorðumatf. thereisnousetryingtoextenuateit;f.um e-t, to mend, polish up. fegrð, f. beauty (f. sólarinnar).

fegrðar-fullr,a. beautiful; -lauss, a. void of beauty. fé-grið,n.pl., securityforproperty; -gyrðill,m. money-bag,purse (wornon thebelt); -gætni,f. savinghabits; -göfugr,a. blessedwithwealth; -hirðir,m.(1) herd,shepherd;(2) treasurer; -hirzla,f.(1) treasury;(2) trea-

sure.

féhirzlu-hús,n. treasure-house; -maðr, m. treasurer. fé-hús,n.(1)=fjós, cattle-house;(2) treasury. feigð,f. approach,foreboding,orsignof death (þúsáttþegarídagfeigðinaáhonum).

feigðar-greip, f. hand of death. feig-ligr,a.(1) looking`feylike’;(2) boding death. feigr,a. fatedtodie,fey;ekkimá feigumforða, thereisnosaving,orrescuing,a‘fey’man;standa,gangafeigumfótum totreadonthevergeofruin;mæla feigummunni, totalkwilha‘fey’mouth; viljae-nfeigan, towishone’sdeath; dead (fyllist fjörvi feigra manna).

feikn, a. awful, terrible. feikn, f. portent, terrible things. feikna-lið,n. terriblehost; -veðr,n. fearful weather, tempest. feikin-stafir,m.pl. balejulrunes, evils, curses. feilast,v.refl. tofalter,betimid (Sinfjötli lét sér ekki feilast).

feima, f. bashful girl. feita (-tta, -ttr), v. to fatten. feiti, f. fatness. feiting, f. fattening.

feit-leikr, m. fatness feiti.

feitr, a. fat. fé-kátr,a. proudofone’swealth; -kostnaðr,m. expenditure,expense; -kostr,m.=-kostnaðr; -krókar,m. pl. ‘money-crooks’;viz. wrinklesaboutthe eyes,markingagreedyman (sýndistHallfreði fékrókar í augum hans).

fel, f. the folded skirt of a cloak (?). fela (fel; fal, fálum; fólginn),v. (1) tohide,conceal (fáluþeirgullitíRín; þæraustrokvestrendafálu);felsverð þitt, sheathethysword;yrkjafólgit, touse obscurephrases (inpoetry);impers.,fal þásýn(acc.)milliþeirra, theylostsightof oneanother;(2)f.e-me-t, tomakeover, togiveintrustorchargetoone;hannfal Óðniallanþannval, hegavealltheslain toOdin;meyfrumungafalhann (entrustedto) megiGjúka;f.e-me-táhendi, tocommitathingtoone’scharge,tocommend;fálusikoksálirsínarguðialmáttkumáhendi, theycommendedthemselves andtheirsoulstoGodAlmighty;f.e-t undireiðsinn(þegnskapsinn), tovouch uponone ’soath(uponone’shonour);f.etundire-m, toputunderone’scharge;er undeinumméröllumfólginhoddNiflunga, thewholehoardoftheNiflungsis inmyhandsalone;manhéröllvárvinátta undirfelast, allourfriendshipwilldepend uponthis;f.e-nábrott, toputoneoutfor alimentation;f.e-ninni=f.e-nábrott; sábóandi,erhannfelrsikinni, theman withwhomheboardsandlodges;f.búfé inniate-m, toputout(cattle,sheep)to onetokeep;(3)refl.felast, tohideoneself (mörgleyniþau,erf.máttií);f.ífaðmi e-m, tobelockedinone’sarms;f.áhendie-m, toputoneselfinanother’shands, enterhisservice (Kolskeggrfalstáhendi Sveini Dana-konungi).

fé-lag,n. fellowship,partnership;eiga -lagsaman, tobepartners;eiga(hafa) félagviðe-n,hafafélage-s, tobeinpartnershipwilhone:leggjatilfélagviðe-n, toenterintopartnershipwithone;leggja tilfélags, tocontributetoacommonland; skipta.tilfélags, toshareinapartnership. félaga-erfð, f. a partner’s inheritance. fé-lagi,m.(1) partner,shareholderof anykind; alsousedofmarriedpeople,part-

félag-leikr F

ner,mate (hvatsegirþúmérfráHrúti, félagaþinum);ekvilskiljaviðfélaga minn, Iwishtopartwithmymate;(2) fellow,mate,comrade;góðr(gamansamr) félagi, agood(merry)fellow;félagiminn ok frændi, my comrade and kinsinan. félag-leikr,m. friendliness; -ligr,a. friendly, kind (e-m, við e-n).

félags-bú,n. jointhousehold; -fé,n. commonfund; -gørð,f.(1) entranceinto partnership;(2) contract (nemaannanveg hatimæltveritífégørðþeirra); -hross, n. ahorseownedinpartnershipwithothers.

félagskap-ligr, a. = félagligr. félag-skapr (gen. -skapar),m.(1) fellowship,partnership;(2) companionship,friendship;gørðistþarbrátt-skapr góðr, theysoonbecameintimatefriends; bindasamanlagsittok-skap, toenterinto close alliance.

félags-lagning,f. enteringintopartnership; -maðr,m. partner; -vætti,n. a witness in matters of a félag. fé-lauss,a. penniless,poor; -laust, adv. gratis,=kauplaust; -lát,n. lossof money.

feldar-blað,n.=-skaut; -dálkr,m. cloak-pin; -röggvar,f.pl. thelonghairs oftheoutsideofacloak; -skaut,n. the skirtofacloak; -slitr,n. tattersofa cloak.

feldr (-ar, -ir), m. cloak. feldr,pp. fitted;veravel(illa)f.tile-s, tobewell(ill)fittedforathing;neut.,þér er ekki felt at, it is not for thee to. fé-leysi,n. wantofmoney; -ligr,a. valuable,handsome (esp.,ekkiféligr); -lítill,a.(1) shortofmoney,poor;(2) of little value (félítill skógr). feljóttr,a. shabby,rough (verjafeljótt sem laki).

fell,n. ‘fell’,(isolated)hill,mountain. Cf. ‘fjall’.

fella (-da, -dr),v.(1) tofell,makefall; f.víð, tofelltimber;f.segl, totakedown sails;(2) tokill,slay(inbattle);f.e-nfrá landi, toslayordethrone(aking);f.fénað sinn, toloseone’ssheeporcattlefromcold orhunger;(3) tocausetocease,abolish (f.blótokblótdrykkjur);f.rœðusína, to closeone’sspeech;f.niðr, toputanendto, abandon,giveup (f.niðrþannátrúnað); (4)f.heitstrengingásik, tobringdown onone’sheadthecurseofabrokenvow; (5) totongueandgroove,tofit;f.stokká horn, toputaboardonthehornsofasavagebull;(6)fig.,f.ást(hug)tile-s, toturn one’smind(love)towardsone,tofallinlove with;f.bœnate-m, toaddressprayerto one,tobegofone;f.sikviðe-t, tofitoneselftoathing:f.sikmjökviðumrœðuna, to take a warm parl in the debate. fella,f.(1) framework,aframedboard; (2) mouse-trap. felli-hurð,f. trap-door; -kápa,f. a kind of plaid. felling,f.(1) felling,knockingdown; (2) joining, framing. fellir, m. death, esp. of cattle. felli-sótt,f. suddenillness; -vetr,m. ahardwinterwhenthecattledieofcoldor hunger. fellu-járn, n. wrought iron. felms-fullr, a. alarmed, frightened. felmta (-mta, -mtr),v. tobeinastate offrightandalarm (farimennstilliligaok felmtieigi);felmtr, frightened (faraf.);em verðr felmt við, one gets frightened. felmtr,m. suddenfear,fright (slær felmt á e-n).

fé-maðr,m. moneyedman; -mál,n.pl.

moneymatters; -mikill,a.(1) moneyed, rich;(2) valuable,costly; -mildr,a. openhanded (=mildraffé); -missa,f. lossof property; -munir,m.pl. valuables,property; -múta,f. bribeinmoney; -mætr,a. valuable.

fen (gen.pl. fenja),n. bog,quagmire (mýrar ok fen).

féna (að),v.impers.,e-mfénar, one gains (fénaði þér nú).

fénaðr (gen. -ar), m. sheep, cattle. fengi,n. booty =herfang; fengi-liga, adv. advantageously (dreyma -liga).

fenginn, pp. fitted (vel til e-s f.).

fengi-sæll, a. making a good haul. feng-lítill, a. of little value.

fengr (gen. fengjar),m.(1) haul, take;(2) gain,booty (verðrlítittilfengjar); (3) store, supply.

feng-samr,a. makinglargeprovision; -semi, f. being fengsamr.

fé-níðingr, m. miser. fenjóttr, a. boggy (cf. ‘fen’).

fenna (-ta, -t),v. tocoverwithsnow; impers.,fenntifé, thesheepweresnowed up.

fé-nýta (-tta, -ttr),v. toturntoaccount,makeuseof (-nýtasére-t); -nýtr, a. thatwillbringinmoney; -penningr, m. penny-worth,money; -pynd,f. extortion; -ráð,n.pl. adviceinmoneymatters; -rán, n. plunder. féráns-dómr, m. court of execution. ferð,f.(1) journey (geraferðsína heiman);veraíferðmeðe-m, totravel withone;(2) conduct,behaviour (kurteiss í ferð).

ferða-maðr, m. traveller. ferðar-broddr,m. van (=fararbroddr); -búinn,pp. readyforajourney; -leyfl, n. leave to travel.

ferðast (að), v. refl. to travel. ferða-stafr,m. walking-staff,pilgrim’s staff. ferðugr,a. ready (eigivarhannf.at fara þessa ferð).

fer-elingr,m. afishfourellslong; -falda (að),v. tomakefourfold,multiply, byfour; -faldr,a. fourfold; -fœtingr, aquadruped; -fœttr,a. fourfooted; -hyrndr, a. with four corners, square. fé-rikr, a. rich, wealthy. ferill (dat. ferli),m.(1) track,trace; (2)veraáferli, tobeonthemove,outof bed; (3) traveller (veg-, Róm-ferill).

ferja (að,oldform farða, farðr),v. to ferry over a river or strait. ferja, f. ferry-boat, large boat. ferju-ár,f. ferryman’soar; -búi,m. onewholivesnearaferry; -karl,m. ferryman,boatman; -maðr,m.=-karl; -skattr,m. ferrytoll; -skip,n.=ferja; -smíð, f. making a ferja. fer-liga,adv. monstrously; -ligleikr, m. monstrosity; -ligr,a. monstrous, hideous; -líkan,n. monstrousshape, monster; -líki, n. = -líkan.

ferma (-da, -dr),v. toload,lade (f. skip af e-u).

ferming, f. confirmation. fernir (fernar, fern),a.distrib. (a set of) four. fer-skeyta (-tta, -ttr),v. tosquare; -skeyttr,a. square; -strendr,a. fouredged,four-sided; -tugandi,a. fortieth; -tugfaldr,a. forty-old; -tugr,a.(1) fortyyearsold;(2) measuringforty(ells, fathoms,etc.);fertugdrápa, apoemof forty verses; -ærðr, a. four-oared. fé-samr,a. lucrative; -sátt,f. agreementastopayment; -sekr,a. fined,sentencedtoafine; -sekt,f. fine; -sínki,

f. niggardliness; -sínkr,a. niggardly; -sjóðr,m. bagofmoney; -sjúkr,a. greedyofmoney; -skaði,m. lossinmoney; -skipti,n. divisionofproperty; -skjálgr,a.,féskjálgaugu, eyessquintingtowardsmoney; -skortr,m. shortnessofmoney; -skuld,f. moneydebt; -skurðr,m. detriment; -skygn,a. covetous; -skylft,a.n.,e-merféskylft, one hasmanyexpensestodefray; -snauðr, a. poorinmoney,penniless; -sníkja, -sníkni,f. intrudingasaparcisite,begging; -snúðr,m. lucre; -sparr,a. sparingclose-fisted; -spjöll,n.pl. spellsto get wealth. fé-skylmt, a. n. = féskylft. festa (-sta, -str),v.(1) tomakefast, fasten (f.skip,bát,hval);(2) tohangup (=f.upp);f.ágálga, tohangonthegallows;f.úttilþerris, tohangoutfordrying; f.e-tviðe-t, tofastentoathing;(3)in variousfig.phrases,festatrúnaðáe-t, to believein;f.hugviðe-t, tofixthemind upon;f.yndi, tofeelhappy (inaplace); f.e-tíminni, tofixinthememory;also absol.,f.kvæði, tolearnapoembyheart; (4) tosettle,stipulate;f.sáttmál, tomake asettledagreement;f.járn, topledgeoneselftotheordealofred-hotiron;(5) to betroth (f.e-mdóttursína);(6)impers. tocleave,stickfast (spjótitfestiískildinum);eldfestir, thefirecatches,takes hold;bein(acc.)festir, theboneunites(afterafracture);(7)refl.,festast, togrow to,stickfastto (nafnitfestistviðhann); bardagi festist, the battle closes up fast. festa, f. bail, pledge (svardagi ok f.). festar-auga,f. looporeyeattheend ofarope (festr); -endi,m. endofarope; -fé,n. dowry; -garmr,m. chain-dog; -hald,n. holdingtherope; -hundr,m.=

-garmr; -hæll,m. peg,forarope; -kona, f. betrothedwoman; -maðr,m. betrothed inan; -mál,n.pl. betrothal,affiance; -mær,f.=festar-kona; -penningr,m. pledgebail; -váttr,m. awitnessatabetrothal; -vætti,n. evidencetoabetrothal; -öl, n. betrothal-ale. fé-sterkr, a. wealthy, rich. festi-liga, adv. firmly, violently. festing,f.(1) fixing,fastening;(2) firmament; festning,f., festningarhiminn, m. = festing 2. festr (gen. festar,dat.andacc. festi;pl. festar),f.(1) rope,cord,cable (formooringashiptotheshore);(2)pl. betrothals (festar fara fram).

festu-maðr, m. bail, surety. fé-sæla,f. wealth; -sæll,a. wealthy; -sætt,f. anagreementastopayment(of weregild); -sök, f. suit, action for money. fet,n.(1) pace,step;ganga(stíga)feti framarr, togoastepforward;farafullum fetum, togoatfullpace;fetum(dat.)as adv. at a pace; (2) as a measure, foot. feta (fet, fat,—)v.(1) tostep,find one ’ sway (f.leið,heim);(2)poet.with infin.,hveekyrkjafat, howImanagedto make my poem.

fé-taka, f. taking (receiving) money. feti, m. blade of an axe. fetill (dat. fetli;pl. fetlar),m. strap (of a shield or sword). fé-vani,a. shortofmoney; -ván,f. expectancyofmoney; -vænliga,adv. ina mannerpromisingprofit; -vænligr,a. profitable; -vænn,a.=-vænligr; -vöxtr, m. increase in one’s proterty, gain, profit. feykja (-ta, -t),v.(1) toblow,toss (f.eu); (2) to rush (hann feykir inn í húsit). fé-þurfi, a. in need of money. fiðla, f. fiddle; fiðlari, m. fidaler.

fiðraðr, a. feathered (of arrows). fiðri, m. feathers, plumage. fimbul-fambi,m. monstrousfool; -ljóð,n.pl. mightysongs; -týr,m. mightygod; -vetr,m. thegreatandawful winter; -þulr,m. themightysageor speaker. fim-leikr,m. nimbleness,agility; -liga, adv. nimbly; -ligr, a. nimble. fimm, card. numb. five. fimr, a. nimble, agile (f. við leika). fimt, f. number of five. fimtán, card. numb. fifteen. fimtándi, ord. numb. fifteenth. fimtán-sessa,f. ashipwithfifteenrowers’ benches. fimtar-dómr,m. theFifthorHigh Court(oflaw)intheIcelandicCommonweallh. fimtardóms-eiðr,m. theoathtobe takenintheFifthCourt; -lög,n.pl. the institutionoftheF.C.; -mál,n. anaction beforetheF.C.; -stefna,f. acitationbefore the F. C. fimtar-tala, f. the number of five. fimti, ord. numb. fifth. fimtugr,a.(1) fiftyyearsold;(2) measuring fifty (ells, fathoms). fimtungr, m. the fifth part. fingr (gen. fingrar or fingrs;pl. fingr),m. finger (fingrdigrir);réttae-m f., to point one’s finger at. fingr-brjóttr,m. wrongmove(in chess); -gull,n. finger-ringofgold; -mjór, a. thin-fingered. fingrungr (-s, -ar), m. finger-ring. finna (finn; fann, fundum; fundinn),v.(1) tofind (þáfunduþeir Hjörleifdauðan);(2) tomeetone (okvildi eigif.Hákonkonung);(3) tovisit,tointerview (gakkþúatf.konung);(4) tofind

out,invent (rúnarmuntþúfinna);(5) to discover (okfunduþarlandmikit);(6) fig. tofind,perceive,notice,feel (fundu þeirþábrátt,at);(7)f.e-me-t, tofind faultwith,blame (þateittfinnek Gunnlaugi,at);(8)withpreps.,f.áe-t, tocomeacross,fallinwith (=hittaáet);impers.,fannþatá, itcouldbeperceived;fannlíttáhonum,hvárt, itwas littletobeseenwhether,etc.;f.ate-u, to findfaultwith,censure,blame;f.e-ttil, to bringforward,giveasareason (hvatfinnr þútilþess?);(9)refl.,finnasttile-s, tobe pleasedwith;impers.,fannstGrímifátt tilhans, Grimwaslittlepleasedwithhim; látasérlítitumfinnast, topaylittleheed to,ratherdislike;Ölvifannstmikitum hann, Ölvir admired him much. finna, f. Finn woman. finnar,m.pl. Finns (usuallytheearly non-AryaninhabitantsofNorwayand Sweden;notidenticalwiththemodern Lapps or Finns).

finn-ferð, -för,f., -kaup,n. travellingortradingwiththeFinns; -gálkn, n. fabulousmonster; -kona,f.=Finna; -land,n. Finland; -lendingar,m.pl. theFinns; -mörk,f. Finmark; -skattr, m. tribute paid by the Finns. finnskr, a. Finnish. firar, m. pl. poet. men, people. firin-verk, n. pl. poet. abominations. firn,n.pl. abomination,monstrous thing. firna (að),v. toblame,reproach (f.e-n e-s, e-n um e-t). firna-,gen.pl.,usedasanintensive prefixwithadjectivesandnouns; firnadjarfr,a. verydaring; -frost,n. awful frost; -fullr,a. awful; -harðr,a. violent.

firr,adv.compar., first,adv.superl., see ‘fjarri’.

firra (-ða, -ðr),v.(1)f.e-naugum, to losesightof;(2) todepriveoneof (f.e-neu);(3) tosave,defend (f.e-námæli);(4) refl. tokeepawayfrom,shun,avoid (firrast fund e-s).

firri,a. compar.fartheroff;féerfjörvi firra, moneyislessdearthanlife.Cf.‘fjarri’.

firring, f. shunning, removal. fiska (að), v. to fish (= fiskja).

fiska-kaup,n. purchaseof(dried)fish; -stöd,f. fishin-place; -stöng,f.= fiskistöng; -ver, n. = fiskiver.

fisk-bein,n. fish-bone; -bleikr,a. paleasfish; -gengd,f. shoaloffish; -hryggr, m. fish-spine. fiski (gen. fiskjar),f. fishing;róafara til fiskjar, to go a-fishing.

fiski-bátr,m. fishing-boat; -fang,n. catchoffish;pl.(-föng), storesoffish; -gengd,f. shoaloffish; -karl,m. fisherman; -kufl,m. fishing-jacket; -ligr,a. fitforfishing; -lœkr,m. abrookfullof fish, fish-brook; -maðr, m. fisherman. fiskinn, a. good at fishing. fiski-róðr,m. rowingoutforfish; -saga,f. fish-news; -skáli,m. fishermen’shut; -skip,n. fishing-boat; -stöng, f. fishing-spear; -veitr,f. catchingoffish; -ver, n. fishing place or station. fiskja (-ta, -t), v. to fish (= fiska). fiskr (-s, -ar),m. fish;flatrf.,heilagr f., flat-fish, halibut. fisk-reki,m. ‘fish-driver’ (akindof whale).

fit (pl. fitjar),f.(1) webbedfootof swimmingbirds; flipper(ofaseal);(2) meadow-landonthebanksofalakeorriver.

fita, f. fat, grease. fitja (að),v. toweb,knit (hannlétf. saman fingrna).

fitje-skammr,a. havingshortflippers (selr ekki fitjaskammr).

fitna (að), v. to become fat. fífil-bleikr, a. dandelion-yellow. fífill, m. dandelion. fífl, n. fool, clown, boor. fífla, f. wanton girl, romp. fífla (-da, -dr),v. tobeguile,seduce; refl., fíflast, to act as a seducer. fíflingar, m. pl. beguilement. fífl-megir, m. pl. monsters, giants. fíflska, f. foolishness, folly. fíflsku-fullr, a. full of folly. fífl-yrði, n. pl. foolish language. fífrildi, n. butterfly. fíkjast (t),v.refl. tohaveaneagerdesire (á e-t, for a thing).

fíll (-s, -ar), m. elephant. fínn, a. fine, smooth (rare). fítons-andi,m. spiritofprophecyheathensoothsaving.(Frommed.L. Phiton for Python.)

fjaðraðr, a. feathered (= fiðraðr). fjaðra-spjót, n. = fjaðr-spjót.

fjaðr-broddr,m. pointofaspearblade; -hamr,m. feather-coat; -lauss,a. featherless; -sárr,a. ‘feather-sore’,moulting; -spjót, n. a kind of spear. fjala-brú,f. abridgeofplanks (fjöl); -kottr, m. mouse-trap. fjal-högg, n. chopping-block. fjall, n. mountain, fell. fjalla-dalr,m. dale,valley; -gol,n. lightbreezefromthemountains; -sýn,f. mountain-view.

fjall-berg,n.crag,precipice; -bygð, f. districtamongfells; -dalr,m. dalein thefells; -ferð,f. mountainexcursion;

fjalls-brún F fjár-aflan

-garðr,m. rangeofmountains; -hagi, m. mountainpasture; -maðr,m. aman searthingthefellsforsheep; -rapi,m. dwarf-birch.

fjalls-brún,f. brow(edge)ofamountain; -hlíð,f. mountain-side; -múli,m. a hill projecting between two valleys. fjall-stöng,f. fellman’sstaff; -vegr, m. mountainroad; -vindr,m. windblowingfromthemountains,opp.to‘hafvindr’.

fjara,f.(1) ebb-tide,ebb;(2) fore-shore, beach (var þá skógr milli fjalls ok fjöru).

fjara (að),v.impers. toebb;skip(acc.) fjararuppi,fjararundanskipi, theshipis left aground, or remains, high and dry. fjar-borinn, pp. remotely related. fjarða-gol,n. abreezeblowingoutof the firths.

fjarðar-botn,m. botton,orheadofa firth; -horn,n. creekattheheadofa firth; -íss,m. iceinafirth,land-ice; -kjaptr,m., -mynni,n. mouthofafirth.

fjarg, n. heathen god (poet.). fjarg-hús, n. heathen temple. fjar-kominn,pp. bynomeansentitled orobligedto (tile-s); -lægjast (ð),v.refl. towithdraw(recede)from; -lægr,a. far off, distant. fjarra-fleinn, m. landlouper (rare).

fjarri (firr, first),adv.(1) faroff (sváatf.flugubrotin);withdat. farfrom (sóluf);standaf.e-m, tostandfarfrom one;compar.,firr, fartheroff faritfirr húsi, keepofffromthehouse;allterfjörvi firr, lifeisthenearest(dearest)thing;firr meirr, fartheraloof (bóndamúgrinnsat firrmeirr);(2)fig.,takae-ufjarri, totake athingcoldly,showdisinclination,refuse (Ormrtókþvíekkif.);okerþatekkif. hennarskapi, itisnotfarfromhermind;

f.ferrþví, farfromit,bynomeans;nú séekeigi,atmérmættifirrumfaraen þér, nowIseenothowIcanfareworse thanthou;(3) farfrom,bereftof;f.feðrmunum, bereft of my patrimony. fjarski,m. fardistance;vera(liggja)í fjarska, to be (lie) afar off. fjar-stœðr,a. faroff;-stœtterumáfl várt, thereisagreatdifferencebetween ourstrengths; -sýnis,adv. atagreatdistance; -tœki,n. refusal (hafa-tœkiumet); -tök,n.pl.=-tœki; -vist,f. livingfar off.

fjá (earlyform fía),v. tohate;refl., fjást e-n = fjá e-n.

fjáðr, a. moneyed, rich (f. vel).

fjánda-kraptr, m. fiendish power. fjándi (pl. fjándr),m.(1) enemy,foe; gefatþínumfjándumfrið givenotruceto thy foes; (2) fiend, devil. fjánd-liga,adv. fiendishly; -ligr,a. fiendish; -maðr,m. foeman; -mæli,n. pl. wordsofafoe; -semi,f. enmity; -skapaðr, a. hostile, ill-disposed (við e-n).

fjándskapar-fullr,a. fullofhostility; -máðr, m. = fjándmaðr.

fjánd-skapast (að),v.refl. toshow hostilitytowards (viðe-n,tile-s); -skapr, m. hostilily,enmity,hatred (leggja-skapá e-n).

fjár-aflan,f. makingmoney; -afli,m. property; -auðn,f. losingallone’smoney; -ágirnd, -ágirni,f. greedformoney; -beit,f. pastureforsheep; -bón,f. asking formoney; -burðr,m. bribery; -dráttr, m. makingmoney; -eigandi,pr.p. wealthy (vel-eigandi); -eign,f. wealth, property; -eyðsla,f. spendingofmoney; -eyðslumaðr,m. spendthrift; -fang,n. booty, plunder (pl.-föng); -far,n. money affairs; -forráð,n. administration(man-

agement)ofone’smoney; -framlag,n. layingoutcontributionsofmoney; -fundr,m. ‘find’ofmoney; -fóðr,n. fodder forsheep; -fœði,n. fodderforsheep; -gjald,n. payment; -gjöf,f. giftofmoney; -geymsla, -gæzla,f. tendingof sheep and cattle. fjárgæzlu-maðr,m.,-maðrmikill, a thrifty man. fjarhaga-maðr,m.,góðr(lítill) -maðr, a good (bad) manager. fjár-hagr,m. (managementofone’s) moneymatters; -hald,n.(1) withholding one ’ smoney;(2) administrationofone’s money; -heimta,f. claimformoney,owingone; -hirzla,f.=féhirzla; -hlutir, m.pl.=-munir; -kostnaðr,m. expenses; -lán,n. loanofmoney; -lát,n. lossof money; -leiga,f. rent; -missa,f.=-lát; -munir,m.pl. property,valuables; -nám, n. seizureofmoney,plunder; -orkumaðr,m. wealthyman; -pynd,f. extortion; -rán,n. robbery; -reiður,f.pl. moneymatters; -rekstr,m. droveof sheep; -reyta,f. cheating,plunder; -sekt,f. fineinmoney; -sjóðr,m. treasure; -skaði,m. lossinmoney; -skakki, m. ujustsharing; -skipti,n. divisionof property; -stáðr,m. a(goodorbad)investment; -starf,n. managementofone’s moneymatters; -taka,f. seizureofmoney; -tilkall,n. claimformoney; -tillag, n. contributioninmoney; -tjón,n. loss ofmoney; -upptaka,f., -upptekt,f. seizureofone’sproperty; -útlát,n.pl. outlay; -varðveizla,f.(1) administration (management)ofanother’sproperty;(2)= -geymsla; -ván,f. expectationofmoney; -verðr,a. valuable; -viðtaka,f. receipt ofmoney; -þurfi,a. needingmoney; -þurft, f. need of money.

fjón,f. hatred;rekae-nfjónum, topersecute; vekja f., to stir up quarrels. fjór-dagðr,a. havinglainfourdaysin the grave. fjórðunga-lok,n. thelastquarterof averse; -mót,n.pl. thebordersofthe fjórðungar(3); -skipti,n. divisioninto quarters. fjórðungr (-s, -ar),m.(1) thefourth part,quarter;f.rastar, adistanceofabout amile;(2)aweight= tenpounds;(3)in Iceland, oneoftheQuarters intowhich thewholelandwasdivided(Austfirðinga,Vestfirðinga,Norðlendinga, Sunnlendinga fjórðungr).

fjórðungs-dómr,m. Quarter(district) court; -menn,m.pl. inhabitantsofa Quarter; -úmagi,m. apauperchargedto aQuarter; -þing,n. Quarter(district)assembly.

fjór-faldr,a. fourfold; -fœttr,a. four-footed. fjórir (fjórar,fjögur),card.numb. four;fjögurravegna, tothefourcardinal points. fjórtán, card. numb. fourteen. fjórtandi, ord. numb. fourteenth. fjórtán-sessa,f. shipwithfourteen thwarts. fjós,n. cow-house,byre;veraífjósi, to attendtothecows; -dyrr,f.pl. doorofa cow-house; -gata,f. pathtoacow-house; -hlaða,f. abarnconnectedwithacowhouse.

fjúk, m. drifting snow-storm. fjúka (fýk; fauk, fukum; fokinn), v.(1) tobedrifted(tossed,blown)bythe wind;tókþáatf., itbegantosnowand drift;varfjókandaveðr, therewasa(drifting)snow-storm;núerfokitíflestskjól, nowmostplacesofshelteraresnowedup;

fjúk-renningr F fjötra

norefugeisleft;(2)fig. toflyoff (faukat höfuðið);látafjúkaíkveðlingum, tolet satiric verses fly. fjúk-renningr,m. driftingsnow; -viðri, n. snow-storm. fjöðr (gen. fjaðrar,pl. fjaðrar),f. (1) feather,quill;dragaf.ume-t, toslur overathing;(2) finortailofafish;(3) blade of a spear. fjöl (gen. fjalar,pl. fjalar, fjalir), f. deal, board. fjöl-, usedasaprefix,much,manifold; -beiðni,f. hardbegging,insistance; -breytinn,a. changeable,whimsical; -bygðr, pp. thickly peopled. fjöld,f. multitude,greatnumber,much; f. ek fór, I have travelled far. fjöldi,m. multitude;f.manna,skipa, a great number of men, ships. fjölga (að),v. tomakemorenumerous; impers.,fjölgare-t,andrefl.,fjölgast, to become numerous, increase in number. fjölgan, f. increase in number. fjöl-höfðaðr, a. many-headed. fjöl-kunnigr, a. skilled in magic. fjöl-kyngi,f. theblackart,witchcraft, wizardry, sorcery. fjölkyngis-fólk,n. wizard-folk; -íþrótt,f. magicart; -kona,f. sorceress, witch; -veðr, n. gale produced by sorcery. fjöllóttr, a. mountainous. fjöl-lyndi,n. looseness,fickleness; -lyndr,a. loose,fickle; -margr,a. very many; -málugr,a. tattling; -menna (-ta, -tr),v.(1) tomakenumerous,increaseinnumber;(2) tocrowd,meetin crowds; -menni,n. manypeople,crowd; -mennr,a. numerous,withmanypeople (riðumenn-mennirtilþings);fjöl-menn veizla, agreatbanquet;kemrþarfjölmennt, manypeople; -mæli,n.(1) common

talk (fara,fœra,í-mæli);(2) slander; -orðr,a. talkative; -ráðr,a. fickle, loose; -rœðinn,a.=-orðr; -rœðr,a. muchtalkedof;gerist(er)-rœttume-t, itismuchtalkedof; -skruðigr,a. dressy; -skyld,f. importantbusiness; -skylda, f., -skyldi,n. muchbusiness,duties; -skyldr, a. important (-skylt embætti).

fjöl-nýtr, a. useful in many ways. fjör (dat. fjörvi),n. life;eigafótum fjöratlauna, tomaketheheelssavethe head.

fjör-baugr, m. ‘life-money’. fjörbaugs-garðr,m. thelesseroutlawry; -maðr,m. onesentencedtothis; -sök, f. a case involving this. fjör-brot,n.pl. death-struggle (ligga, vera, í -brotum).

fjörðr (gen. fjarðar,dat. fjarðar; pl. firðir, acc. fjörðu), m. firth, inlet. fjör-gjafi,m. onewhosavesanothers life. fjörgyn (gen. -jar),f. Mother-earth, mother of Thor. fjör-lag,n. deathslaughter (verðaemat-lagi); -lausn,f.(1) releasefrom life;þola-lausn, tosufferdeath;(2) ransom forone’slife (Æsirbjóðafyrirsik-lausn); -löstr,m. lossoflife,death;verðae-mat -lesti, tocauseone’sdeath; -ráð,n. plotting against one’s life. fjör-lok, n. pl. end of life, death. fjörráða-sók, f. a case of fjörráð. fjörráðs-mál, n. a suit for fjörráð. fjör-segi,m. ‘life-muscle’,theheart; -sjúkr, a. dangerousiy ill. fjörsungr, m. a kind of fish. fjöru-grjót,n. thegravel(pebbles)on thebeach; -mál,n.(1) low-watermark;(2) foreshore, beach; -steinn, m. pebble. fjötra (að),v. tofetter;f.,hest, tohob-

ble a horse.

flötra-brot, n. pl. fragments of fetter. fjötrar-bora, -rauf,f. aholeina sledge through which the strap goes. fjötur-lauss, a. unfettered.

fjöturr (gen. fjöturs and fjötrar, pl. fjötrar),m.(1) fetter,shackle (setja e-nífjötur);(2) thestrapsofasledge (sleða-fjötrar).

flaðra (að), v. to fawn (f. at e-m).

flag-brjóska,n. cartilageofthebreastbone.

flagð,n. femalemonster,ogress,giantess;opteruflögðífögruskinni, oftlurks a witch under a fair skin. flagð-kona, f. ogress = tröllkona.

flagna (að),[p]v.[/p] toflake(scale) off.

flag-spilda, f. slice cut. flaka (-ta, -t),v. togape,esp.of wounds (f. sundr af sárum).

flaki,m. wicker-workshield (fordefence in battle).

flakka (að),v. toroveabout (asabeggar).

flakna (að), v. to flake off, split. flat-liga,adv.=flatt(faraflatliga= faraflatt,see‘flatr’); -nefr,a. flat-nosed (a nickname).

flatr,a.(1) flat,level (umsléttadali okflatavöllu);f.fiskr, flatfish,halibut; (2) flat,prostrate (fallaf.,kastaserflötumniðr);dragae-nflatan, todragone flatontheground;(3) oftheflatsideofa thing;bregðaflötusverðinu, toturnthe swordflat;stýraáflattskipe-s, tosteeron thebroadsideofanother’sship;(4) neut. flatt,asadj.,faraf.fyrire-m, tofareill, be worsted. flat-sæng,f. bedmadeonthefloor, shakedown; -vegr,m. flatside (telgja -veg á tré).

flaug,f.(1) flying,flight (takaflaug semfuglar);allteráförokflaugum, ina commotion; (2) vane.

flaugar-skegg, n. the tail of a vane. flaug-trauðr, a. = flugtrauðr. flaugun, f. flying, flight. flaum-ósi, a. rushing heedlessly on. flaumr, m. eddy, violent stream. flaum-slit, n. pl. breach of friendship. flaust, n. poet. ship. flautir, f. pl. a kind of whipped milk. flá (flæ; fló, flógum; fleginn),v. (1) toflay (f.belg,húðafe-m);f.e-n kvikan, toflayalive;(2) tostrip;f.e-naf or órklæðum, tostriponeofhisclothes;f. e-n at gripum, to strip one for his money. flá (pl. flár), f. float of a net. flár (flá, flátt),a. false,deceitful;mælafagrt,enhyggjaflátt, tospeak fair, but think false. flá-ráð,n. deceit,fraud; -ráðr,a. false,deceitful; -ræði,n.=-ráð; fleinn (-s, -ar),m.(1) pike;(2) fluke,ofananchor (akkeris-fleinn);(3) dart,shaft (fljúgandi fleinn).

fleipa (að), v. = fleipra.

fleipr, n. babble, tattle. fleipra (að), v. to babble, prattle. fleiri,a.compar., flestr,a.superl. (1) more,most;fleiralið, moretroops; munþatflestrummanniúfœraþykkja, it willseemimpossibletomostpeople;neut., fleira,flest, more,mostthings (ekkisagði hannhonumfleira;flestíþessubréfi); withgen.,fleiramanna, morepeople (cfr. ‘margtmanna’);pl.,hinirvóruþómiklu fleiri, morenumerous;flestrallr(vel flestr),flestirallir(velflestir), almostall (flestalltstórmenni;flestöllhof);(2) morecommunicatlive,hearty;hann

gerðistviðhannfleiriokfleiri, moreand more intimate.

fleki, m. = flaki.

flekka (að), v. to slain, pollute. flekk-lauss,a. unspotted,immaculate (fœddr af flekklausri mey).

flekk-óttr, a. flecked, spotted.

flekkr (-s, -ir), m. fleck, spot, stain. flenging, f. scourging (= húðstroka).

flengja (-da, -dr), v. to scourge.

flenna (-ta, -tr), v. to set wide open. flenn-eygr,a. withdistendedeyelids, open-eyed.

flensa (að), v. to kiss (?).

flesk, fleski, n. pork, ham, or bacon. fleski-sneið, f. slice of bacon.

flestr, a. superl., see ‘fleiri’.

flet (gen.pl. fletja),n. theraised flooringalongthesidewallsofahall(tosit orlieon)togetherwiththebenchesthereon. Also in pl.

fletja (flet, flatta, flattr),v. to makeflat,cutopen (f.þorsk);refl.,fletjast, tostretchoneself,lieflatonthe ground.

flet-roð, n. clearing the house.

fletta (-tta, -ttr),v.(1) tostrip (f.enklæðum or afklæðum);f.e-tafe-m, to strip(something)offone;(2) tostrip,plunder.

flétta (að), v. to braid, plait. flétta, f. = fléttingr. fletting, f. stripping, plunder. fléttingr, m. braid, plait.

fley, n. poet. a kind of swift ship. fleygi-gaflak,n. javelin; -kvittr,m. loose rumour, vague report. fleygja (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) tomakefly (f. haukum); (2) to throw (f. e-u).

fleygr, a. able to fly. fleymi,n., fleymingr,m. jest,sport;

hafa e-t í fleymingi, to make sport of.

fleyta (-tta, -ttr),v.(1) toset,afloat, launch (f.skipum);(2) toliftslightlyfrom the ground.

flikki, n. flitch of bacon. flikkis-sneið, f. slice of bacon. flim, n. lampoon, libel (in verse). flim-beri, m. lampooner. flimska, f. mockery. flimta (að), v. to lampoon, satirise. flimtan, f. lampooning, satire. flís (pl. -ir), f. splinter, chip. fljóð, n. poet. woman. fljót,n.(1)=flot(2);veraáfljóti, to be afloat; (2) river, lake. fljóta (flýt; flaut, flutum; flotinn),v.(1) tofloatonthewater (hannsáþarf.langskiptjaldat);(2) to run,stream;(3)fig. tofloatabout,spread (ofnews);(4) tobeflooded,toflow (flautí blóðigólfallt);flauthannallrítárum, he was bathed in tears. fljót-leikr,m. fleetness,speed; -liga, adv.(1) speedily;(2) readily,promptly; -ligr, a. speedy. fljótr,a. swift,speedy;neut.,fljótt,as adv. swiftly,quickly;semfljótast, assoon as possible, at once. fljót-tœkr,a. quickatapprehending (tœkráe-t); -virki,f. quicknessinworking; -virkr, a. quick in working. fljúga (flýg; flaug, flugum; floginn),v.(1) tofly (fórsváhartsem fuglflygi);(2)fig.ofweapons,sparks, rumours,etc.(spjótitflaugyfirhann; gneistarnirflugu);(3)f.áe-n, toflyat or on one. flog, n. flight, flying, = flug. flogall, a. lively, brisk, volatile. flokka-dráttr, m. raising of bands. flokkr (-s, -ar),m.(1) bodyofmen

flokks-foringi

(f.erufimmmenn);(2) company,host (þeirgengualliríeinumflokki);(3) band, troop,party;hefja,reisa,flokk, toraisea band;fyllaflokke-s, tojoinone’sparty,to sidewithone;(4)shortpoem,withoutrefrains (opp. to ‘drápa’).

flokks-foringi, -höfðingi,m. captain,leader; -maðr,m. amanbelonging to a party (flokkr).

flokk-stjóri, m. = flokksforingi.

flot,n.(1) fat,dripping (fromcooked meat);(2) floating;komaáf., tobeset afloat; vera á floti, to be afloat. flota (að), v. to float, launch (f. e-u).

flota-hölmr, m. floating islet. flot-brúsi,m. floatingjar,poet. boat; -fundinn, pp. found afloat. floti, m. (1) float, raft; (2) fleet. flotna (að),v. togetafloat;f.upp, to float up, come to the surface. fló (gen. flóar;pl.flœr),f. layer,stratum.

fló (gen. flóar; pl. flœr), f. a flea. flóa (að), v. to flood, be flooded. flóð,n.(1) flood,innundation,deluge; (2) flood,flood-tide;atflóði,atflóðum, at high-water. flói,m.(1) marshymoor;(2) bay,large firth.

flóka-hetta,f. felthood; -ólpa,f. felt coat; -stakkr,m. feltjacket; -trippi,n. a foal or young horse with a matted coat. flóki,m.(1) mattedhairorwool,felt; (2) cloudlet (skýflóki); flókinn,a. entangled, matted. flóna (að), v. to become warm. flórr, m. floor of a cow-house. flótta-búinn,a. readytoflee; -gjarn, a. eagertoflee,craven; -maðr,m. one whoflees; -menn,m. theflyinghost; -rekstr,m. pursuitoftheflyinghost;

-stigr, m. path of flight. flótti,m.(1) flight;leggjaáflótta, to taketoflight;støkkvae-máflótta, toput toflight;(2)rekaflóttann, topursuethe flying host. flug,n.(1) flight (=flugr);áferðokflugi, all in one motion; (2) precipice. fluga (gen.pl. flugna),f.(1) fly;(2) lure,bait;komafluguímunne-m, toallure,entrapone;gína(taka)viðflugu, to swallow the fly, to be allured, entrapped. fluga-bjarg,n., -hamarr,m. beetlingcrag,precipice; -straumar,m. violent and rapid stream. flugði,apret.ofalostverb flyggja, hon flugði öll, she shuddered all over. flug-dreki,m. flyingdragon; -dýr,n. flyinginsect; -liga,adv. swiftly; -ormr, m. flying snake. flugr (gen. -ar),m.(1) flight (=flaug); beinaflug, tospreadthewingsforfight; (2) flight (=flótti);trauðrflugar, slowto take to flight, bold.

flug-sjór,m. deepsea; -skjótr,a. very swift; -stigr, m. steep path. flugu-maðr,m. hiredbandit,assassin; -mannligr,a. havingthelookofanassassin.

flug-vápn, n. javelin, dart. flutning,f.(1) transport,carriageof goods,conveyanceofpersons;(2) statement, report (cf. flutningr).

flutningar-maðr,m. oneengagedin conveying goods. flutningr (-s, -ar),m.(1)=flutning (1);(2)=flutning(2);(3) pleading (f. máls).

flutnings-maðr,m. aspokesman, pleader (-maðr okkarr við konung).

flúð,f. lowskerry,reeffloodedbythe sea (á flúð eða skeri).

flúr, n. (1) flower; (2) flour. flyðra, f. flounder.

flygill, m. flying apparatus. flyka, f. phantom, ghost. flykkjast (t), v. to crowd. flysja (flusta),v. tosplit,cutinslices (at flysja epli).

flytja (flyt, flutta, fluttr),v.(1) tocarry,convey (f.vörutilskips);(2) to recite,deliver (f. or f.framkvæði);f.mál e-s, topleadone’scause,interceedforone; f.(fram)sitterendi, tostateone’serrand; (3) toperform (f.járnburð,skírslu);f. fórn, tobringanoffering;(4)refl.,flytjast, to flit, remove. flytjandi,(1)pr.p.,f.eyrir, movables, chattels;(2)m.(pl. -endr), promoter, pleader (f. máls).

flýja (flý; flýða; flýiðr, flýðr),v. (1) toflee,takeflight (f.álandupp);f. undane-m, tofleefromonepursuing;(2) withacc.,f.land, tofleethecountry; úhœgtmunforlöginatf., itwillbehard to avoid what is fated.

flýta (-tta, -tt), tohasten (f.ferðinni); f. sér, to speed oneself, make haste. flýtir (gen. -is), m. haste, speed. flæma (-da, -dr),v. todriveawayignominiously (f. e-n brott).

flæmingi (pl. -jar), m. Fleming. flæmska, f. Flemish (language). flæmskr, a. Flemish. flærð, f. falsehood, deceit. flærðar-fullr,a. deceitful; -orð,n. pl. false(butfair)language; -samligr,a. deceitful; -stafir,m.pl. falseness,deceit.

flærðari, m. impostor. flærð-lauss,a. sincere;at-lausu, faithfully, honestly. flærðr,pp. adulterated,poisoned (f.er

drykkrinn).

flærð-samligr, -samr,a. false,deceitful; -vitni, n. false witness. flœða (-ddi, -ddr),v.(1) tofloodover; impers.,þáflœðiruppi, theyareovertakenbythefloodtide;(2)impers.,flœðir, the tide rises. flœðar-bakki,m. abankcoveredat high-water; -mál,n. flood-mark; -sker, n. areeffloodedathigh-water; -urð,f. rocks reached at high-water. flœði-bakki,m.=flœðar-bakki; -sker, n. = flœðar-sker.

flœðr (gen. -ar,acc.anddat. -i;pl. -ar), flood-tide. flœja (flœða, flóða; flœit, flót), v. = flýja.

flœkjast (t),v.refl. tobeentangled;f. fyrire-m, tocrossone’spath,tobeconstantly in one’s way. flœr, m. warmth, heat, = hiti. flögra (að), v. to flutter. flökr, n. roaming about. flökra (að), v. to roam about. flökta (-kta, -kt),v.(1) to,flutterand fly about; (2) to roam, meander. flöktan, f. fluttering, roaming about. fnasa (að), v. to snort with rage. fnasan, f. sneezing, snorting. fnýsa, fnœsa (-ta, -t),v. tosneeze;f. eitri, to blow out poison. fogl (-s, -ar), m. = fugl. folald, n. young fool. fold, f. earth; á foldu (dat.) on earth. fold-vegr, m. = fold.

forað,n.(1) dangerousplaceorsituation,abyss,pit;(2) ogre,monster (þúert et mesta f.).

foraðs-hár,a. terriblytall; -illr,a. abominable; -veðr,n. abominableweather.

forátta F for-maðr

forátta,f. pretext;finnae-ttilforáttu, to plead as one’s excuse. for-beini,m. furtherance; -berg,n. projectingrock; -bergis,adv. down-hill; -boð,n. prohibition (leggja-boðáe-t); -boða (að),v.(1) toforbid (=fyrirbjóða); (2) toputunderaninterdict; -brekkis, adv. down-hill; -brekkt,a.n. down-hill; -bœnir,f.pl. evilwishes,imprecations (biðja e-m forbœgna).

forða (að),v.(1) toputforth (forðuðu fingrum);(2) tosave,f.fjörvi,lífi,f.sér, tosaveone’slife;(3)refl.,forðast, toshun, avoid, escape; f. fund e-s, to shun one. forði, m. help, aid. forðum,adv. formerly;f.daga, informer days.

for-dyri, n. vestibule (= anddyri). for-dæða, f. witch, sorceress. fordæðu-maðr,m. wizard,sorcerer; -skapr,m. witchcraft,sorcery; -verk,n. execrable deed.

for-dœma (-da, -dr), v. to condemn. for-dœmi,n., -dœming,f. condemnation. for-ellrar,m.pl. forefathers,ancestors; -ellri,n.coll.=forellrar(úlíkir sínu forellri).

forellris-menn, m. pl. = forellrar. for-faðir,m.(1) forefather;(2) predecessor; -fall,n. hindrance,drawback; -flótti,a. exiledfugitive;verða-flótti fyrire-m, tofleebeforeone; -ganga,f., -gangr, m. ‘going before’, help, support. forgangs-maðr, m. leader, guide. for-garðr,m. fore-court (ofahouse); veraá-görðum, tobewastedandsquandered,ofstores; -gipt,f. paymentforalimentation; -gísl,m. hostage; -gísla (að), v. to give (a person) as hostage. forgöngu-maðr,m. leader =forgangsmaðr. for-hleypi,n.;hafae-nat-hleypi, to use one as a cat’spaw. forhleypis-maðr, m. = forhleypi. for-hugaðr,pp. premeditated,aforethought; -hugsan, f. design, purpose. for-hús, n. porch. foringi (pl. -jar), m. leader. forka (að), v. to punt (a ship). for-kast,n. fodder(hay)thrownbefore cattle; -kirkja,f. church-porch; -kostuliga,adv. veryfinely; -kólfr,m. leader, chief. forkr (-s, -ar), m. pole, staff, stick. for-kuðr (gen. -kunnar),f. eagerdesire;e-mer-kúðráe-u, onedesireseagerly;gen.,forkunnar, remarkably,exceedingly (-kunnarvænn,mikill); -kunn(ar)liga,adv.(1) fervently (biðja forkunnliga);(2) exceedingly (forkunnliga fríðr); -kunnligr, a. excellent. forlag,n.(1) provisionforliving,means ofsubsistance;(2) settlement(inlife,by marriage); (3) pl. forlög, fate, destiny. for-lagðr,pp. donewith,forlorn; -lendi,n. thelandbetweenseaandhills; -ljótr,a. exceedinglyugly; -lýta (-tta, -ttr), v. to blame. for-lög, n. pl., see ‘forlag’. form, n. form, shape (rare). for-maðr,m. leader,chief;-maðrkonunga, theforemostamongkings; -mannligr,a. leader-like; -máli,m.(1) preamble;(2) stipulation (meðþvílíkum formála,sem);(3) foreword;(4) prayer; -menntr,pp. welltrained,highlyskilled; -messa,f. matins; -mikill,a. exceedinglygreat; -mælandi (pl. -endr),m., -mælari,m. spokesman; -mæli,n.(1) pleading;veitae-mformæli, topleadfor one,prayforone;(2) prescribedform,for-

mula.

forn,a.(1) old (f.vinátta,f.mjóðr); (2) ancient;fornirmenn, themenofold; f.siðr, theold(heathen)custom,religion; f.átrúnaðr, theoldcreed,heathenism;f. ískapi, inclinedtoold,orheathen,ways; hannvarf.mjök, hewasagreatwizard;at fornu, til, forna, formerly, in times fast. fornaðr, m., see ‘fórnaðr’.

for-nafn, n. pronoun.

for-nám, n. obstacle, hold-fast. forneskja,f.(1) oldtimes;(2) heathenism;(3) oldlore,witchcraft (farameð forneskju).

forneskju-klæðabúnaðr,m. oldfashionedapparel; -maðr,m. sorcerer, wizard.

forn-fáguligr,a. oldandworn-out; -fróðr,a. skilledinoldlore,versedin witchcraft; -frœði,f. ancientlore,witchcraft.

for-njósn, f. foresight (-njósnaraugu). forn-konungr,m. ancientking; -kveðinn,pp. saidofold;hit-kveðna, theoldsaw; -kvæði,n. oldpoem; -ligr, a. old-looking,old-fashioned;fornlig fræði, oldlore; -maðr,m. manoftheoldentime; -mæli,n. oldsaw; -mæltr,pp. =forn-kveðinn; -orðr,a. swearing; -saga,f. old(mythical)tale; -skáld,n. ancientscald; -spjöll,n.pl. oldlore; -spurðr,pp.,gerae-nfornspurðanateu, todoathingwithoutaskingone’sleave; -tíðindi,n.pl. oldtales; -vinr,m. oldfriend; -yrði, n. old saw. for-ráð,n.(1) management,superintendent;(2) administration,guardianship; -ráðandi (pl. -endr),m. overseer,manager. forráða-maðr, forráðs-maðr,m. manager,headman;-maðráskipi, captain

of a ship. for-ríkr, a. exceedingly rich. for-ræði, n. = for-ráð. fors, n. vehemence, wrath. fors (pl. -ar), m. waterfall. for-sát,f. ambush; -senda,f., -sending, f. dangerous mission. fors-fall, n. torrent. fors-fullr, a. wrathful, vehement. for-sjá or -sjó, foresight, prevision. forsjá-lauss,a.(1) improvident;(2) helpless; -leysi,n. wantofforesight; -liga,adv. withforesight,prudently; -ligr, a. prudent. for-sjáll, a. prudent, foresigh led. forsjá-maðr, m. overseer, manager. for-skáli,m. ante-chamber,entrancehall; -skepti,n. handleofahammeror axe; -sköp,n.pl. illfate; -smá (-smái, -smáða, -smáðr),v. todespise; -smán, f. disgrace; -smiðr,m. master-smith; -spá,f. prophecy; -spár,a. foreseeing, prophesying; -spell,n. heavyloss; -staða,f. shielding,protection;mælaemforstöðu(viðe-n), tosayagoodword forone; -stjóri,m. overseer,leader; -stjórn, f. rule, management. forstjórnar-maðr, m. manager. for-stoð,f.=-staða; -stofa,f.= -skáli; -stórr,a. exceedingtall; -streymis,adv. downstream,opp.to ‘andstreymis’; -sýn,f. foreboding; -sýnn,a.(1) foresighted;(2) secondsighled; -sæti,n. frontbench; -sœla,f. shade (fromthesun); -sögn,f.(1) prophecy;(2) superintendence;(3) dictation,instruction (eptir hinna vitrustu manna forsögn). for-taka,v. todeny; fortaks-orð,n. word of contradiction. for-tjald,n. curtain,bed-curtain; -tölur,f.pl. persuasion(s),representa-

tions; -vaði,m. afordbeforeaprojecting cliff; -veðjaðr,pp. forfeited; -verari, m. forebear,predecessor; -verk,n.(1) workdoneinanother’sservice;(2) harvest ofhay;(3) hireling’swork;geraekki forverkumviðe-n, nottotreatonemeanly. forverks-lítill,a. abletodobutlittle forverk; -maðr, m. able workman. for-viða,a.indecl. overcomeinafight; -viðris, -vindis,adv. beforethewind; -virki,n.=-verk(1); -vist,f., -vista,f. management; -vitinn,a. curious; -vitna (að),v. topryinto,enquireabout (forvitnae-t or ume-t);refl.,forvitnaste-t,um e-t,tile-s, toenquireabout;impers.,enforvitnare-t, oneiscurioustoknow; -vitni,f. curiosity; -vitri,a. verywise; -yflast (d),v.refl. toshrinkfrom (e-s); -ynja,f. appearance,foreboding; -ysta,f. headship, leadership. forystu-geldingr,m.=-sauðr; -lauss,a. unprotected; -sauðr,m. bellwether.

for-þokki, m., -þykkja, f. dislike. foss (pl. -ar), m. waterfall; = fors. fóa, f. she-fox. fóarn, n. gizzard.

fóðr, n. fodder, foddering. fóðra (að),v.(1) tofodder,feed;(2) to fur or line (a garment).

fóðr-lauss,a.(1) fodderless;(2) unlined.

fól, n., fóli, m. fool. fólk,n.(1) folk,people;(2) thepeopleof ahousehold;(3) kinsfolk;(4) host;(5) battle (poet.).

fólk-djarfr,a. braveinbattle; -liðendr,m.pl. wayfarers; -ræði,n. ruleoverpeople; -vítr,f. ‘battlewight’, Valkyrie.

fólk-drótt,f.=fólk(4); -orrusta,f. battle of hosts, great battle. fólks-jaðarr, m. chief, lord. fólk-skár,a. destructivetomen; -stjóri, -valdi,m. captain; -vápn,n. pl. weapons; -víg,n. greatbattle,war; -vörðr, m. chief, captain. fólska, f. foolishness, folly. fólskr, a. foolish. fólsku-ferð,f. foolishexpedition; -orð,n.pl. foolishwords; -verk,n. foolish (mad) act. fórn (pl. -ir), f. (1) gift; (2) offering. fórna (að),v.(1) toofferasapresent (f. e-me-t) tooffer,bringasanoffering (to God).

fórnaðr,m.,atfórnaði, furthermore, in addition, to boot. fórn-fœra (-ða, -ðr),v. tobringan offering (konungrfórnfœrðigoðunum); -fœring, f. offering. fóst-bróðir,m.(1) foster-brother;(2) sworn brother (= eiðbróðir).

fóstbrœðra-lag,n.(1) foster-brotherhood;(2) swornbrotherhood (sverjastí fóstbraðralag).

fóstr,n.(1) thefostering(ofachild); (2) maintenance. fóstra (að),v. tobringupasafosterchild, be a foster-father to. fóstra,f.(1) foster-mother;(2) fosterdaughter. fóstr-dóttir, f. foster-daughter. fóstr-faðir, m. foster-father. fóstri,m.(1) foster-father;(2) fosterson;(3) foster-brother;(4)pl.,fóstrar, foster-father and foster-son. fóstr-jörð,f., -land,n. nativecountry; -laun,n.pl. rewardforfostering; -man,n. nurse(bondmaid); -móðir,m. foster-mother; -mær,f. foster-daughter;

-neyti,n. foster-parents; -sonr,m. foster-son; -systir,f. foster-sister; -systkin, n. pl. foster-brother(s) and sister(s). fóta-afl,n. strengthofthefeet; -brík, f. footboard(ofabed); -burðr,m. gait; -festi,f. foot-hold; -fjöl,f. foot-board; -gangr,m. trampling,din; -hlutr,m. thenetherpartofthebody; -læti,n.pl. kicking (of one hanged).

fótar-mein,n. soreleg; -sár,n. a woundinthefoot; -verkr,m. paininthe leg (foot). fóta-spyrning,f. spurningwiththe feet; -stapp,n. stampingwiththefeet; -þili,n.=fóta-brík; -þváttr,m. footwashing.

fót-borð,n. foot-board; -brot,n. fractureoftheleg; -brotinn,pp. brokenlegged; -fimr,a. nimble-footed; -gangandi, pr. p. walking, going on foot. fótgöngu-herr,m., -lið,n. hostof footmen; -maðr,m. amanonfoot,footman, foot-soldier. fót-hár,a. long-legged (=há-fœttr); -hrumr,a. weak-footed; -hvatr,a. swift-footed; -högg,n. hewingone’sfeet off; -höggva (see höggva),v. tohew one’sfeetoff; -lami,a. lameoffoot; -langr,a. long-legged; -laug,f. foot-bath; -lauss,a. footless; -lágr,a. low-legged, short-legged; -leggr,m. theleg; -mál,n. step; -mikill,a. big-footed; -mjúkr,a. nimble-looted; -pallr, m. footstool. fótr (gen. fótar,dat. fœti,pl. fœtr),m.(1) foot,footandleg;spretta (støkkva)áfœtr, tostarttoone’sfeet;vera áfótum, tobeoutofbed,beup;skjóta fótumundirsik,takatilfóta, totaketo one’sheels;eigafótumfjöratlauna, to saveone’slifebyrunningaway;hlaupa semfœtrtoga, torunasfastasfeetcan

carry;kominnaffótumfram, offone’s feet,decrepit;hverráfœtröðrum, oneafter the other; (2) foot (as a measure).

fót-sárr,a. foot-sore; -síðr,a. reachingdowntothefeet; -skemill,m. footstool; -skriða,f. sliding;renna-skriðu, toslideontheice; -skör,f., footboard; -spor,n. foot-print (stígaíe-sfót-spor); -stallr,m. pedestal; -stirðr,a. stifflegged; -trob,n. tramplingunderfeet; -troða (see troða),v. totrampleunder one’sfeet,treadupon; -veill,a. witha bad leg. frakka, f. spear, lance (rare).

frakka-konungr,m. thekingofthe Franks. frakkar, m. pl. the Franks. fram,adv.(1) forward;hannféllf.á. fœtrkonungi, hefellforwardonhisface attheking’sfeet;f.rétt, straighton;koma f., toreappear;(2) outofthehouse;opp. to‘inn,innarr’(varhonávaltborinf.ok innarr);(3) ontheforepart,infront,opp. to‘aptr’(maðrf.,endýraptr);aptrok f., foreandaft,ofaship;(4)joinedwith preps.andparticles,bíðaf.ádag,f.á nótt, towaitfarintotheday,ornight;bíða f.umjól, towaittillafterYule;fyrirlög f., inspiteofthelaw;f.undaneyjunni; off theisland;(5)oftime,hversuerf.orðit, howlateisit,whattimeisit? f.orðitdags, late in the day. frama (að),v. tofurther;f.sik, todistinguishoneself;ofawoman,inpp. neut.,meðbarniAmjökframat, andfar advanced. frama-ferð,f. famousenterprise; -leysi, n. obscurity. framan,adv.(1) from(on)thefront side;f.atborðinu, tothefrontofthetable; f.á(skipinu), ontheforepart (ofthe

ship);ástálhúfunaf., onthefrontofthe steelcap;(2)fyrirf., before,inthefrontof, withacc.(fyrirf.slána);(3)f.til(=fram til), upto,until;núlíðrtilþingsf., itdrew near to the time of assembly. framandi,pr.p. distinguished,ofdistinction (f. menn). framan-vátr,a. wetonthefore-side; -verðr,a. lyingforward,foremost;áframanverðribrekkunni, onthefrontofthe slope;íframanvertnefit, onthetipofthe nose. frama-raun, f. trial of fame. framar-la, -liga,adv.(1) inaforward position,nearthefront;(2) fully,highly, much. framarr,adv.compar., framast, adv.superl.(=fremr,fremst),(1) farther (farthest)on;fetiframarr, astepfurther on;(2) more,most (munþínleitatverða hérframarrenhvarannarsstaðar);miklu ersjáframarr (moreprominent,superior) athvívetna;þvíframarrsem, allthemore as;konungrvirðihannframastallrasona sinna, most of all his sons. frama-skortr,m. lackofcourage; -verk, n. exploit, feat. fram-boðligr,a. thatcanbeoffered; -bógr,m. shoulder (ofananimal); -bryggja,f. thegangwayleadingtothe bowofaship; -burðr,m. delivery (ofa speech); -búð,f.,veratillítillarframbúðar, tobeoflittlelastinguse; -byggjar, -byggvar,m.pl. themenstationedinthe bow of a warship (opp. to ‘aptrbyggjar’). framdráttar-samr,a. puttingoneself forward. fram-dráttr,m.(1) launching (-dráttr skips);(2) support,maintenance; -eggjan,f. eggingon; -fall,n.(1) fallingon one’sface;(2) downfall;(-fallárinnar);

-farinn,pp. departed; -ferð,f. (course of)procedure; -ferði,n.(1)=-ferð;(2) conduct; -flutning,f.(1) maintenance, suport;(2) pronunciation; -flutningr, m.(1)=fram-flutning(1);(2) pleading; -fótr,m. fore-leg; -fúss,a. eager,willing; -fœri,n. furtherance; -fœrinn,a. puttingoneselfforward; -fœrsla,f. support, maintenance. framfœrslu-kerling,f. oldpauper woman; -maðr, m. pauper. fram-för,f.(1) advancing;(2) death; -ganga,f.(1) advancing;(2) boldness, courage; -gangr,m.(1) advancinginbattle;(2) success;(3)=-ganga(2); -genginn,pp. departed,deceased; -gengt,a.n. broughtabout,successful; verðaframgengt, tosucceed; -girnd,f., -girni,f. forwardness; -gjarn,a. striving torward, eager. framgöngu-máðr, m. valiant man. fram-heit,n.pl. fairpromisesforthe future; -hleypi,n. forwardness,rashness; -hleypiligr,a. rash; -hlutr,m. fore part; -hús,n. porch,entry; -hvass,a. forward, hold; -hvöt, f. encouragement. frami,m.(1) boldness,courage;(2) luck;freistasínsframa, totryone’sluck; (3) distinction,fame (vinnasérframa); (4) profit (mæla e-t í sinn frama). fram-játan,f. promise; -kast,n. forecast,emptywords; -kirkja,f. nave,opp. to‘sönghús’, choir,chancel; -krókar,m. pl. exertion;leggjaíkróka, toexertoneself; kvæma (-da, -dr),v. tofulfil,bring about; -kvæmd,f. fulfilment,success, prowess. framkvæmdar-lauss,a. unavailing, useless; -leysi,n. inaction; -maðr,m. enterprisingman; -mikill, -samr,a. enterprising.

fram-kvæmr, a. efficacious. fram-lag,n. outlay,contribution; -laga,f. advancing (withtheshipsinbattle); -leiðis,adv. further,next; -leiðsla,f. conduct (-leiðslahanslífdaga); -liðinn,pp. departed,deceased; -ligr, a. excellent;framligrmaðr, afineman; -lundaðr,a. bold,courageous; -lútr,a. (1) bendingforward;(2) prone (tile-s); -lyndr, a. = framlundaðr. frammi,adv.(1) out,awayout;þeir Leifrsitjaf.íhúsum, neartheouterdoor; standaf.fyrire-m, tostandbeforeone’s face;(2)hafae-tf. or íf., tomakeuseof, employ;hafakúganíf.viðe-n, totryto browbeat one.

fram-mynntr,a. withaprominent mouth (mjök eygðr ok f.).

framr (compar. framarri, fremri; superl. framastr, fremstr),a.(1) forward,prominent;neut.,framt, tosuchan extent;treystaframtá, toputfulltrustin; compar. theforemostoftwo;tilhinsfremraaustrrúms, totheforepumpingroom; hitfremra, theplacenearestthedoor,the roadalongthecoast (fórusumirf.titSeljalandsmúla);(2)fig.,fremrie-m, superiorto (öllumfremri)superl. foremost,best (fremstratallrisœmd); furthestback (hvat þú fremst um veizt).

fram-rás,f.course; -reið,f. ridingon; -reitir,m.pl. thefore-beds’(inagarden);fig.,hafae-tá-reitum todisplay, makeashowof; -saga,f. delivery (-saga sakar); -snoðinn,a. baldontheforehead; -sókn,f. furtherprosecutionofacase (sóknsakar); -stafn,m. stem,prow; -sýn,f. foresight; -sýni,f. fore-sightedness; -sýniligr,a. foreseeing; -sýnn,a. foreseeing,prophetic; -sögn,f. statement; -vegis,adv. further,forthefuture; -vísi,

f. propheticspirit; -víss,a. prophetic, foreseeing. frauð, n. froth (= froða). frá,prep.withdat.(1) from (gangaf. lögbergi);skamtf.ánni, ashortdistance fromtheriver;(2) awayfrom (nökkutf. öðrummönnum);(3)oftime,alitf.eldingu, allalongfromdaybreak;dagf.degi, onedayafteranother;(4) fromamong, beyond;gerasikauðkendanf.öðrum mönnum, tomakeoneselfconspicuous;(5) against;frálíkindum, againstlikelihood; (6) of,about;ermérsváf.sagtkonungi, I amtoldsoabouttheking;(7)asadv. away; hverfaf., toturnaway;tilokf., toandfro; héðaníf., hence,henceforlh;þarútífrá, secondly, next.

frá-bæriligr, -bærr,a. surpassing; -dráttr,m. diminution; -fall,n.(1) fallingoff,receding (-fallsjófarins);(2) decease, death; -ferð, f. departure. frágørða-,gen.pl.from‘frágørðir’; -lið,n. choicetroops; -maðr,m. remarkableman; -mikill,a. exceedinggreat (fjöturr f.).

frá-gørðir,f.pl. surpassingfeats;var þatat-gørðum, itwasextraordinary; -laga,f. retreat (inaseafight;cf.leggjafrá); -lauss, a. free, clear (from a matter).

frá-leikr, m. swiftness, briskness. frá-ligr, a. quick, swift. frán-eygr, a. with flashing eyes. fránn,a. gleaming,flashing (ofserpents and weapons).

frár (frári, frástr),a. swift,lightfooted (frár á fœti).

frá-saga, f. account, narrative. frásagnar-verðr, a. worth relating. frá-skila,a.indecl. separated,isolated (-skilae-m); -skilliga,adv. outofthe way,faroff; -skilligr,a.=-skila; -skil-

naðr, m. separation. frá-sögn,f.(1) theactofrelating;(2)= frásaga.

frásögu-ligr,a. worthrelating,interesting. frá-vera, -vist, f. absence. fregn (pl. -ir),m. news,intelligenceinformation.

fregna (fregn; frá, frágum; fréginn),v.(1) tohearof,beinformedof (þrándrfráandlátföðursíns);(2) toask (f.e-ne-s);f.e-nráðs, toaskone’sadvice. fregna (-da or -að), v. = prec. freista (að),v.(1) totempt,maketrial of,withgen.;(2) totry;f.íþróttar, totrya feat;f.sínímótie-m, totryone’sstrength againstanother;withinfin.,f.atrenna skeið, to try to run a race. freistan, freisting, f. temptation. freistinn, a. daring, trying. freistni, f. (1) temptation; (2) trial. freka,f. rigour,severity,harshness; með freku, harshly. frek-efldr, pp. forcible. freki, m. wolf (poet.). frekja, f. = freka. frek-liga,adv. harshly,immoderately; -ligr, a. harsh, severe. freknóttr, a. freckly. frekr,a.(1) greedy (f.tilfjár), eager; (2) harsh,rigorous (freklög);núskalek vera yðr f. harðsteinn, a rough whetstone. frelsa (-ta, -tr),v.(1) tofree,deliver, rescue (f.landitafhernaði);(2)f.e-met, torescue(secure)athingforone (tilatf. honumsínaföðurleifð);(3)refl.,frelsast, to save oneself, escape. frels-borinn, pp. = frjálsborinn. frelsi,n.(1) freedom;(2) leisure;(3) privilege, immunity (f. kirkjunnar). frelsingi (-ja, -jar), m. freedman.

frelsis-gjöf,f. giftoffreedom (toa bondsman).

fremd, f. furtherance, honour. fremdar-ferð,f. glorious,journey; -lauss, a. inglorious; -verk, n. feat. fremi,adv.onlyinthephrase,sváf.er, sofar;esp.,sváf.er, notuntil,notbefore, onlywhen;segþúsváf.fráþví,erþessi dagrerallr, waittillthisdayispastbefore you speak of that; svá f. ef, in case that. fremja (frem, framda, framiðr and framdr),v.(1) tofurther,promote (f. kristni);f.sik, todistinguishoneself;(2) toperform,practice;f.heiðni, topractice heathenworship;f.sund, toswim; togain distinction.(3)refl.,fremjast, togaindistinction.

fremr,adv.compar., fremst,adv.superl. more,most (=framarr,framast); þeirerfremstvóru, thosewhowereforemost.

fremri,a.compar., fremstr,a.superl., see ‘framr’.

frer or frør,n. frost,frostysoil;f.var hartúti, itwashardfrost;esp.pl.,bíða frøra, towaitforfrost; -mánaðr,m. frostmonth (December).

frerinn, pp. frozen (f. skór).

fress (pl. -ar),m.(1) tom-cat (eigandi fressa, Freyja); (2) bear. frest,n. delay,respite;ávikufresti, at theendofaweek;alsopl.,þóttfrestin værilöng, althoughthedelaywaslong;ljá e-mfresta, togiveonerespite;seljaáf., to sell on credit.

fresta (að),v. todefer,putoff,with dat. (f. brúðlaupi); absol. to tarry. frostan, f. delaying, delay. freta (fret, frat,and að),v. tobreak wind (freta við).

fret-karl, m. contemptible fellow.

fretr, m. fart; reka fret, to break wind. frétt (pl. -ir),f.(1) news,intelligence; (2) enquiryaboutthefuture (gangatilfréttar við e-n).

frétta (-tta, -ttr),v.(1) tohear,get intelligence;(2) toask,enquire (f.e-nesorate-u);f.tíðenda, toaskfornews; f.e-nupp, tofindoneout;(3)refl. toget about,bereported (þettafréttistumheraðit);fréttistallsekkitilhans, nothing washeardofhim;fréttistmérsvátil, Iam told;fréttustþeirtíðenda, theyaskedeach other for news; fréttast fyrir, to enquire. fréttinn,a. eagerfornews,inquisitive (um e-t, about a thing).

freyða (-dda, -tt), v. to froth. freyja, f. lady; the goddess Freyja. freyr (gen. freys),m.(1) lord;(2) the god Frey.

freys-goði, m. priest of Frey. friða (að),v. topacify,restoretopeace (f.ríkisitt);f.fyrire-m, tomakepeacefor, intercedeforone (viðe-n, withanother); refl.,friðastviðe-n, toreconcileoneselfto another. friðan, f. pacifying. friðar-bréf,f. letterofpeace; -fundr, m. peacefulmeeting; -gørð,f. conclusion ofpeace,truce,treaty; -koss,m. kissof peace; -mark,n. tokenofpeace; -maðr, m.=friðmaðr; -stefna,f. peace-meeting; -tákn, n. friðar-mark. frið-benda (-da, -dr),v. tofastenthe swordinthesheathwith friðbönd; -bót,f. peace-making; -brot, n. breach of peace. friðbrots-maðr, m. peace-breaker. frið-bönd,n.pl. ‘peace-bonds’ (straps woundroundthesheathandfastenedto aringinthehilt);spretta-böndum, to undothepeace-straps (beforedrawingthe sword); -gjafi,m. peace-maker; -gjarn,

a. peaceful; -gælur,f.pl. enticementsto peace (berafriðgæluráe-n); -gørð,f.= friðar-gørð; -heilagr,a. inviolate; -helga (að),v. tomakeinviolate; -helgr (gen. -helgar),f. inviolability,protection by law. frið-drjúgr, a. peaceful. friðill, m. lover. frið-kastali,m. asylum; -kaup,n. purchase of peace. friðla or frilla,f. aman’smistressor concubine (friðlur áttu þeir brœðr).

frið-land,n. friendlycountry,placeof retreat; -lauss,a. outlawed,proscribed; -leysi,n. insecurity; -liga,adv. peacefully; -ligr, a. peaceful, peaceable. friðlu-, frillu-borinn,pp. bastardborn; -lifnaðr,m., -lífi,n. fornication, whoredom; -maðr,m. adulterer; -sonr, m. illegitimateson; -tak,n.inthe phrase, taka -taki, to take as concubine. frið-maðr,m. peacefulman,friend; -mark,n. tokenofpeace; -mál,n. words ofpeace;bera-málmillimanna, toactas peacemaker; -mælast (t),v.refl. tosue forpeace (ekkimunnútjáatfriðmælast).

friðr (gen. friðar),m.(1) peace,personalsecurity;biðjae-nfriðar, tosuefor peace;(2) love,friendship friðatkaupa, to purchase (thy) love.

frið-samligr,a. peaceable; -samr,a. peaceful; -semd, -semi,f. peacefulness; -skjöldr,m. truce-shield;bregðaupp -skildi, tolifttheshieldoftruce; -spilli, n. breachof peace; -staðr,m. sanctuary inatemple,asylum; -stefna,f.= friðarstefna; -stóll,m. chairofpeace; -sæla,f. blissofpeace; -sæll,a. blessed withpeace; -ván,f. prospectofpeace; -vænligr,a., -vænn,a. givingpromiseof peace.

frigg (gen. -jar),f. thegoddessFrigg (the wife of Odin).

frilla, f., frillu-, see friðla, friðlu-. fría (að),v. todeliver (f.e-ne-u)refl. fríast, to free oneself. fríða (-dda, -ddr), v. to adorn. fríðendi,n.pl. goodorfinethings;heita e-m fríðendum, to make fair promises. fríð-leikr, m. personal beauty.

fríðr (fríð, frítt),a.(1) beautiful, handsome (f.sýnum);(2) fine (fríttlið, föruneyti);(3) paidinkind;tólfhundruð fríð, twelvehundredheadofcattleinpayment;fjórirtigirmarkafríðs, fortymarks of silver paid in cattle. cf. ‘úfríðr’ frísir, m. pl. the Frisians. frískr, a. Frisian.

frís-land, n. Frisia, Friesland. frjá (-ða, -ðr),v. tolove;sáfærerfrjár, he that woos wins.

frjá-aptann, m. Friday evening. frjádaga-fasta, f. Friday fast. frjá-dagr, m. Friday. frjádags-aptann,m., -kveld,n. Fridayevening (cf.‘frjá-aptann,-kveld’); -nótt, f. Friday night. frjá-kveld,n.(1) eveofFriday; Friday evening. frjáls,a.(1) free,opp.to‘þræll’(f. maðr);(2) free,unhindered (látae-nfara frjálsan);eiga.e-tatfrjálsu, topossess freely, without restraint. frjálsa (að), v. to free (= frelsa). frjálsan, f. rescue, preservation. frjáls-borinn,pp. free-born; -leikr, m. liberty; -lendingr,m. franklin; -liga,adv. freely; -ligr,a. free,independent; -mannligr,a. appropriatetoafree man. frjá-myrginn,m. Fridaymorning; -nótt, f. Friday night.

frjó (dat. frjó and frjóvi), n. = fræ. frjóa or frjóva (að),v. tofertilize;refl., frjóvast, multiply, be fertile. frjó-ligr, a. fruitfull. frjór (frjó, frjótt), a. fertile. frjósa (frýs; fraus, frusum; frosinn;also freri or frøri, frerinn or frørinn),v. tofreeze,esp.impers., frausumhannklæðin(acc.), theclothes frozeonhisbody;frausinniskip(acc.)Erlings, Erling’sshipswerefrozenin;veðr varkaltokfrjósanda, coldandfrosty; frýsshafalltoptligaávetrum, thewhole sea often freezes in winter. fró-samr,a. fertile; -semd,f. fertility, truthfulness. froða, f. froth (= frauð).

froskr (-s, -ar), m. frog. frost,n. frost;f.varveðrs, itwasfrosty weather;inpl.,frostmikilokkuldar, muchfrostandcold;frostoksnjóar, frost and snow. frosta (að),v.impers. tofreeze,= frysta (hvert haust, er f. tók).

frosta-vetr, m. frosty winter. frost-viðri, n. frosty weather. fró, f. relief (from pain), comfort. fróa (að), v. to relieve, with acc. fróan, f. relief, = fró. fróð-geðjaðr, -hugaðr,a. wiseminded,wise; -leikr,m.(1) knowledge, information;(2) magic,witchcraft; -liga, adv. sensibly;eigifróðliga, foolishly; -ligr, a. sensible. fróðr,a. knowing,learned,well-informed (hónvarfróðatmörgu);fróðar bœkr, instructive books. frói, m. relief, = fró. frón, n. poet. land, country. frum-burðr,m. thefirst-born,first child; -ferill,m. onemakingafirstvisit;

-fórn,f. first-fruit; -gefinn,pp. firstborn; -getnaðr, -getningr,m.= -burðr; -gögn,n.pl. themainproofs; -hending,f. theforemostrhymingsyllableinaline; -hlaup,n. personalassault; -kveði,m. originator; -kviðr,m. thefirstverdict; -smíð,f. firstattempt (in anyart); -sök,f. originalcause; -tign,f. thehighestdignity; -ungr,a. veryyoung; -vaxta,a.indecl. inone’sprime; -váttr, m. thefirst,originalwitness; -verr,m. first husband. frú (gen. frú,pl. frúr),f. mistress,lady (= freyja).

frygð, f. blossoming, excellence. frysta (-ti, -t), v. to freeze.

frýja (frý, frýða, frýt),v.(1) todefy, taunt (hónfrýðihonummeðmörgum orðum):f.e-mhugar, tochallengeone’s courage;þessiklæðifrýjaykkrföðurhefnda, thoseclotheschallengeyoutorevengeyourfather;(2)f.áe-t, tocomplain of; to egg (goad) on.

frýja,f. taunt,reproach;verjasikfrýju, to clear one self of reproach. frýju-laust,adv. blamelessly,beyond reproach; -orð, -yrði,n. taunt (leggja frýju-orð á e-n).

frýn-ligr,a., frýnn,a. pleasant(looking),inviting (onlywithnegative,cf. ‘úfrýnn’).

fræ (dat. frævi), n. seed (= frjó).

frægð, f. fame, renown. frægðar-fullr,a. glorious; -för,f. gloriousjourney; -maðr,m. famousman; -mark,n. badgeofglory; -samligr,a. glorious; -skot,n. famousshot; -verk,n. feat, exploit.

frægi-ligr, a. creditable, honourable. frægja (-ða, -ðr), v. to make famous. frægr, a. famous (f. konungr).

fræ-korn, n. seed of corn. frænda-afli,m. strengthinkinsmen; -bálkr,m. bodyofkinsmen; -gengi,n. =frændlið; -gipta,f. familyluck; -lát, n. loss(death)ofkinsmen; -róg,n. strife amongkinsinen; -skömm,f. disgracein one’sfamly; -styrkr,m. strength(backing) of kinsmen. frænd-bálkr,m.=frænda-bálkr; -gofugr,a. havingdistinguishedkinsmen; -hagi,m. nativeplace; -hollr,a. faithful to one’s kinsmen. frændi (pl. frændr),m. kinsman (alsousedofabrotherandason);yðrir fyrri frændr, your ancestors. frænd-kona,f. kinswoman; -leifð,f. patrimony,inheritance(afterakinsman); -lið,n. hostofkinsmen,family; -lingr, m.=frændi; -maðr,m.=frændi; -margr,a. havingmanykinsmen; -mær,f. maidenkinswoman; -ríkr,a. richinkinsmen; -rœkinn,a. attachedtoone’skinsmen; -samliga,adv. kinsmanlike,kindly; -semi,f. relationship,kinship;gangavið frændsemie-s, toacknowledgeoneisa kinsman;vargóð-semimeðþeim, there wasgoodfellowshipbetweenthem,they lived on good terms as kinsmen. frændsemis-spell,n. breechofkinship,incest; -tala,f. tracingofkinship; veraí-töluviðe-n, tobeofkinshipwith one. frænd-skarð,n. lossofakinsman; -stórr,a. having,greatkinsmen; -sveinn,m. youngkinsman; -sveit,f. bodyofkinsmen; -víg,n. slayingofakinsman.

frær, a. yielding fruit, = frjór. fræs, f. hissing (þú gerðir f. mikla).

fræva (að), v. to fertilize.

frœða (-dd, -ddr), v. to teach.

frœði,f.andn.(1) knowledge,learning, lore;ísumumfrœðum, insomeold records (poems);(2) charms,spells (þau kváðuþarfrœðisín,enþatvórugaldrar).

frœði-bœkr,f.pl. booksofknowledge; -fýsi,f. loveofknowledge; -maðr,m. learnedman,scholar,historian; -nám, -næmi,n. acquisitionofknowledge,learning, studying. frœki-liga, adv. valiantly. frœkinn,and frœkn,a. valiant, brave; frœk-leikr and frœkn-leikr, m. valour, bravery, prowess. frœkn-liga,adv.=frœkiliga; -ligr,a. valiant-looking, brave. fugl (-s, -ar),m. bird (fórhannsvá hartsemf.flygi);hafaf.aflandi, tomeet with land-birds, to be near land. fugla-dráp,n. bird-killing; -drit,n. bird’sdung; -kippa,f. bundleoffowls; -lið, n. flock of birds. fuglari, m. fowler, bird-catcher. fugla-söngr,m. singingofbirds; -veiðr, f. bird-catching. fugl-berg,n. fowling-cliff; fuglheill,f. augury; -veiðr,f.=fuglaveiðr; -ver,n. fowling-place; -þúfa,f. knollon which birds sit. full,n. thefillofadrinking-vessel,a toast (Ódins-full, etc.).

full-,incompds. fully,quite,amply; -bakaðr,pp. full-baked; -borða,a.indecl. withbulwarksoffullheight(ofa ship); -býli,n. fullprovisionforahouse; -ferma (-da, -dr),v. toloadfull; -frœgr,a. fullfamous; -gamall,a. veryold; -góðr,a. quitegood; -gøra (-ða, -ðr), v. tofulfil,complete.perform; -gørla (-gørva),adv. quite,fully; -görr,pp. fullydone; -hugi,m. dauntlessman,hero; -hyggja (see hyggja),v. tolovedearly;

-illa,adv. verybadly; -keyptr,pp. boughtfulldearly; -kominn,pp. perfect; -kominnataldi, fullgrown; -komliga, adv. fully; -kosta,a.indecl. fully matched(ofmanandwife); -kvæni,a. wellmarried; -launaðr,pp. fullyrewarded; -leiksa,a.indecl. quiteenoughtodo (hafa-leiksa); -liða,a. indcl.havingmen (troops)enough; -malinn,pp. fully ground; -mikill, a. full great. fullna (að), v. to fulfil, finish. fullnaðr (gen. -ar),m. fulfilment; hafafullnaðórmáli, toobtainone’sfull claim (in a suit). full-numi,a. havinglearntfully,becomeanadeptinathing (-numiígöldrum); -nœgja (-ða, -t),v. tobesufficieni,tosuffice; -orðinn,pp. full-grown, of age.

fullr,a.(1) fullof (e-sorafe-u);f.upp úlfúðar, fullofsavageness;f.eitri(dat.), fullofpoison;(2) full,complete,entire;full vissa, fullcertainty;sœkjamiltilfullra, laga, tothefullextentofthelaw;haldatil fullsviðe-n, tostandonone’sfullright againstanother;hafafullarahlut, toget thebetterofit;atfullu,tilfulls, fully, thorougly. full-ráða,a.indecl. fullyresolved; -rétti,n. agrossinsultforwhichfull atonementisdue; -rýninn,a. fullywise; -ræði,n.(1) fullefficiency;(2) fullmatch; -rœtt,pp.n. enoughspokenof; -röskr, a. infullstrength; -sekta (að),v. tomake oneafulloutlaw; -skriða,a.indecl. at fullspeed; -spakr,a. fullwine; -steiktr, pp. fullyroasted; -sæla,f. wealth,bliss; -sælafjár, greatwealth; -sæll,a. blissful; -sœfðr,pp. quitedead; -sœmdr,pp. fullyhonoured; -tekinn,pp.-tekinnkarl, afullchampion; -tíða,a.indecl. full-

grown; full-tíða aldr, full age. fullting, n. help, assistance. fulltingja (-da, -dr),v. tolendhelp, assist, with dat. full-trúi,m. oneinwhomoneputsfull confidence,patron(deity); -týja (-týða), v.=-tingja; -vaxta,a.indecl. full-grown; -vegit,pp.n. havingslainenough; -vel, adv. fullwell; -virði,n. fullprice; -þroskaðr,pp. full-grown,growntofull strength; -þurr, a. fully dry. fundning, f. finding. fundr (-ar, -ir),m.(1) finding,discovery (fundrfjárins,f.Íslands);(2) meeting; fara,komaáfunde-s,tilfundarviðe-n, togotovisit,orhavetalk,with,one;(3) fight, battle. fund-víss, a. quick to find. funi, m. flame (f. kveikist af funa). fura, f. fir, fir-tree. furða (-að),v.(1) towonder;(2) toforebode,withdat.;illumunf.,ef, itwillbode ill, if.

furða,f.(1) foreboding,omen;góðs (ills)f., good(bad)omen;(2) strange(wonderful)thing;ekkierþetraneinf., ’tis nothing strange. furðu-,incompound’s, very,wonderfully; -djarfr,a. veryinsolent; -heimskr,a. veryfoolish; -liga,adv. very,exceedingly (-ligahár,mikill,vel); -ligr, a. wonderful,marvellous; -sterkr,a. very strong; -vel, adv. wonderfully well. furu-kvistr, m. fir bough. fussum, interj. fie, with dat. fustan, n. fustian (foreign word). fúinn, a. rotten, decayed. fúlga, f. fee paid for alimentation. fúlgu-fall,n. forfeitthealimentation fee; -fé,n. sheeporcattleputouttofodder; -fénaðr,m. sheeporcattleputout

tofodder; -maðr,m. boarder,oneboarded out.

fúll,a.(1) foul,stinking;fúltegg, arotten egg; (2) fig. foul, mean. fúl-leitr,a. offoulappearance; -liga, adv. meanly; -mannligr,a. mean,paltry; -mennska, f. paltriness, baseness. fúlna (að), v. to become stinking. fúl-yrði, n. pl. foul langwage. fúna (að), v. to rot, decay. fúrr (gen. fúrs), m. fire (poet.).

fús-liga, adv. willingly. fúss,a. willing,eager (f.e-s or tile-s;f. atfara, etc.);absol.,f. (willing) vilekmína hamingju til leggja.

fygla (-da, -t), v. to catch fowl. fyl (gen. pl. -ja), n. foal or filly. fylgð,f.(1) following,guidance;(2) support,help,backing;(3) party,followers; body-guard(ofkingsandprinces);halda fylgð, to wait upon the king. fylgðar-lauss,a. withoutattendants, alone; -maðr, m. follower, attendant. fylgi,n. following,support;aukasérf., to win followers. fylgi-kona, f. concubine, mistress. fylginn, a. attached to (f. e-m).

fylgi-samr, a. = fylginn.

fylgja (-ða, -t),v.(1) toaccompany, help,withdat.;f.e-mat,f.e-smálum, to sidewithone,takeone’spart;(2) tolead, guideone (yðrvarfylgtíkornhlöðueina); (3) topursue (f.fastflóttamönnum);(4) tofollow,beaboutone (konungrlét sveininnf.móðursinni);(5) tofollow,observe (f.e-sráðom,f.hirðsiðum);(6) to belong,orpertainto (seglokreiðierfylgðuskipinu);(7)látaf., toadd;þatlét hannf.,at, headdedthat;(8)refl.,fylgjast, tofollowoneanother;fig. toholdtogether (hannbaðsínamennf.vel, hold

well together).

fylgja,f.(1) guidance (beiðae-nfylgju);(2) femaleguardianspirit; attendant spiritinanimalform (þúmuntverafeigr maðr ok muntu hafa sét fylgju þína).

fylgjandi (pl. -jendr), m. follower. fylgjari, m. = fylgjandi.

fylgju-engill,m. guardianangel; -kona,f.(1)=fylgja(2);(2)=fylgikona; -lag,n. concubinage; -samr,a.=fylgisamr.

fylgsni, n. hiding-place. fylja, f. filly.

fylki (gen.pl. fylkja),n.(1) district, county,shire,inNorway (þaterf.kallat, ergøramáaftólfskip);(2) battalion,host (in battle).

fylking (pl. -ar),f.(1) battlearray;(2) host, legion.

fylkingar-armr,m.wingofanarmy; -broddr,m. vanguardofahost (íöndverðum -broddi).

fylkir (gen. -is), m. chief, king. fylkis-konungr,m. chiefofadistrict; a petty king.

fylkja (-ta, -tr),v. todrawup(inbattle array), with dat., or absol.

fylla (-da, -dr),v.(1) tofill (f.e-te-s or afe-u);(2) tocomplete,makeup (f.þat, eráskortir);(3) tofulfil;(4)f.flokke-s, tosidewithone;(5)refl.,fyllastáhyggju okhræðslu(gen.), tobefilledwith care and fear. fylli,f. one’sfill (gefae-mf.sínamatar ok drkkjar).

fylli-liga, adv. fully. fylling, f. (1) filling; (2) fulfilment. fyl-merr, f. a mare with a foal. fyrðar, m. pl. men, warriors (poet.). fyrir,prep.,I.withdat.(1) before,in frontof (okvórufyrirhonumborin merkin);f.dyrum, beforethedoor;(2) beforeone,inone’spresence;hónnefndist f.þeimGunnhildr, shetoldthemthather namewasG.;(3) for;hannlétryðjaf. þeimbúðina, hehadtheboothclearedfor them,fortheirreception;(4) beforeone,in one ’ sway;fjörðrvarðf.þeim, theycame toafjord;sitjaf.e-m, tolieinwaitfor one;(5)naut.term. before,off;liggjaf. bryggjum, tolieoffthepiers;f.Humrumynni, offtheHumber;(6) before,atthe headof,over;veraf.liði, tobeoverthe troops;veraf.máli, toleadthecase;sitja f.svörum, toundertakethedefence;(7) oftime,ago;f.þremnóttum, threenights ago;f.stundu, awhileago;f.löngu, long ago;veraf.e-u, toforebode (ofadream); (8) before,above,superiorto;Hálfdan svartivarf.þeimbrœðrum, H.wasthe foremostofthebrothers;(9) denotingdisadvantige,harm,suffering;þúlætrEgil vefjaöllmálf.þér, thoulettestE.thwart allthyaffairs;tókateyðastf.hermlausafé, hermoneybegantofail;(10)denoting obstacle,hindrance;mikitgøriþermérf. þessumáli, youmakethiscasehardfor me;varðhonumlítitf.því, itwasasmall matterforhim;Ásgrímiþóttiþungtfyrir, A.thoughtthatthingslookedbad;(11) becauseof,for;honundisérhvergrif. verkjum, shehadnorestforpains;f. hræðslu, forfear;illafœrtf.ísum, scarcely,passableforice;gáðuþeireigif. veiðumatfáheyjanna, becauseoffishing, theyneglectedtomakehay;f.þvíat, because,since,as;(12) against;gætþínvel f.konungiokhansmönnum, guardthee wellagainstthekingandhismen;beiða griðaBaldrif.allskonarháska, against allkindsofharm;(13)f.sér, ofoneself; mikillf.sér, strong,powerful;minnstrf.

sér, smallest,weakest;(14) denotingmannerorquality,with;hvítrf.hærum, while withhoaryhair;II.withacc.(1) before,in frontof;haldaf.augusér, tohold(one’s hands)beforeone’seyes;(2) before,into thepresenceof;stefnae-mf.dómstól, beforeacourt;(3) over;hlaupaf.björg, toleapoveraprecipice;kastaf.borð, to throwoverboard;(4) inone’sway,crossing one ’ sway;ríðaáleiðf.þá, toride in their way,soastomeetthem;(5) round,off; siglaf.nes, toweatherapoint;(6) along, allalong;f.endilanganNoreg, allalong Norway,fromoneendtotheother;draga örf.odd, todrawthearrowpastthepoint; (7) oftime,f.dag, beforeday;f.e-sminni, beforeone’smemory;(8) for,onbehalfof; vilekbjóðaatfaraf.þik, Iwillofferto goforthee,inthystead;lögvörnf.mál, alawfuldefenceforacase;(9) for,forthe benefitof;þeirskáruf.þámelinn, they cutthelyme-grassforthem (thehorses); (10) for,insteadof,inplaceof,as;(11) for, becauseof (viljaGunnardauðanf.höggit);f.þínorð, forthywords(intercession);f.sínavinsæld, byreasonofhispopularity;(12) denotingvalue,price;f.þrjár merkr, forthreemarks;f.hvernmun, by allmeans,atanycost;(13) inspiteof, against (giptastf.ráðe-s);(14)joined withadverbsendingin -an,governing acc.(f.austan,vestan,sunnan,norðan, útaninnan,framan,handan,ofan, neðan);f.austan,sunnanfjall, east,south ofthefell;f.neðanbrú, belowthebridge; f.handaná, beyondtheriver;f.innan garð, insidethefence;III.asadverborellipt.(1) ahead,before,opp.to‘eptir’;þá vareigihinsverraeptirván,erslíktfór f., whenthiscamefirst,preceded;(2) first; munekþareptirgerasemþérgeritf., I

shalldotoyouaccordingasyoudofirst;(3) athand,present,tothefore;föngþau,er f.vóru, storesthatwereathand;þarvarf. fjöldiboðsmanna, ahostofguestswasalreadypresent (beforethebrideandbridegroomcame);(4)e-mverðre-tf., one takesacertainstep,actssoandso;Kolbeinivarðekkif., K.wasatalosswhattodo; e-tmælistvel(illa)f., athingiswell(ill) spokenorreportedof (kvæðitmæltistvel f.).

fyrir-banna (að),v. toforbid,deny (eme-t); -bending,f. foreboding; -bjóða (see bjóða),v. toforbid; -boða (að),v. to forebode; -boðan,f. foreboding; -boðning,f. forbidding; -bón,f. imprecation; -burðr,m. appearance,vision; -búa (see búa),v. toprepare; -búnaðr,m. preparation; -búningr,m. preparation; -dœma (-da, -dr),v. tocondemn; -fara (see fara),v. todestroy; -fari,m. foreboding; -fólk,n. greatfolk,personsofdistinction; -furða,f.=-fari; -ganga,f. walking ahead,leading; -gefa (see gefa),v. to forgive; -gefning,f. forgiveness; -gøra (-ða, -ðr),v. toforfeit (-gørae-u); -heit, n. promise; -huga (að),v. tointendfor (e-me-t); -hugsa (að),v. topremeditate; -hyggja,f. forethought,care; -koma (see koma),v.(1) todestroy,withdat.;(2) avert,prevent; -kona,f. womanofdistinction; -konungr,m. distinguishedking; -kunna (see kunna),v. toblameonefor (-kunnae-ne-s); -kveða (see kveða),v. torefuse (e-me-t); -lát,n. forgiveness; -láta (see láta),v.(1) toletgo,giveup; (2) toforgive (e-me-t);(3) togiveway; -látr,a. notexacting,yielding; -látsamr,a.,ekki-látsamr, stubborn; -leggja (see leggja),v. tolayaside,forsake; refl.,-leggjastume-t, togiveitup;

-leitinn,a. circumspect; -leitni,f. circumspection; -litligr,a. contemptible; -líta (see líta),v. todespise; -ljúga (see ljúga),v.(1) toforswearbylies (ljúgatrúsinni);(2)withacc. toslander; -maðr,m.(1) foreman,chief;(2) onewho excelsothers;(3) predecessor; -mannligr,a. distinguished-looking; -muna (see muna),v. togrudgeoneathing (e-met); -mæla (-ta, -tr),v.(1) toinjureone byone’swords (-mælae-m);(2) tocurse; -nema (see nema),v.(1)-nemae-mmál, todepriveoneofspeech,makeonesilent; (2)refl.,-nemaste-t, toforbear; -rásari, -rennari,m. forerunner; -rúm,n. the ‘room’inashipofwarbeforethe‘lypting’, the middle ‘room’ of a boat. fyrirrúms-maðr,m. onestationedin the fyrirrúm.

fyrir-sát,f., -sátr,n. ambush; -segja (see segja),v. toforetell; -setning,f. preposition; -sjón,f. laughinigstock; -skyrta,f. ‘fore-shirt’,apron; -spá,f. prophecy; -sverja (see sverja),v. toforswear,renouncebyoath; -sögn,f. dictation,instruction; -taka (see taka),v.(1) todeny,refuse;(2) toforbid; -tölur,f. pl. persuasion; -vari,m. precaution; -vega (see vega),v. toforfeitbymanslaughter; -verða (see verða),v. tocollapse, vanish;-verðasik, tobedestroyed;refl., -verðast, toperish,collapse; -vinnast (see vinna),v.refl.,látafyrirvinnast, to beidle,forbear (doingathing); -vist,f. leading,management; -ætlan,f. design, purpose. fyrnast (d),v.refl.(1) togetold,decay;(2) tobeforgotten (hansnafnmun aldrif.);hennifyrndistaldrifallÓlafs konungs, sheneverforgotkingOlaf’s death.

fyrnd,f.(1) age,antiquity;ífyrndinni, intimesofyore;(2) decay,dilapidation (f. kirkjunnar).

fyrnska,f.(1) age;slitinnaffyrnsku, wornwithage;(2) witchcraft;vitafyrnsku, to be skilled in witchcraft. fyrnsku-háttr, m. old fashion. fyrr,adv.(1) before,sooner;þvíbetr þykkimérervérskiljumf., thesoonerwe partthebetter;svásemf.sögðumvér, as wesaidbefore;f.en, before (conj.), sooner than; (2) rather. fyrri,a.compar. former; fyrstr,a. superl. thefirst,foremost;hinnfyrrahlut vetrar, intheearlypartofthewinter;hit fyrrasumar, thesummerbeforelast;yðrir fyrrifrændr, yourancestors;verðafyrritil e-s,ate-u, tobethefirsttodoathing;eigi fellrtréviðhitfyrstahögg, atreedoesnot fall at the first blow. fyrri,adv.(=fyrr) before,sooner,rather (fyrri skal ek deyja, en).

fyrr-meirr,adv. formerly,informer times, previously. fyrrum, adv. formerly, before. fyrst,adv.superl.(1) first;gekkHrútr fyrst (foremost) okkvaddikonunginn; semf., assoonaspossible;f.ístað, directly, at once; (2) conj. (rare) as, since. fyrsta,f.,ífyrstunni,ífyrstu, inthe beginning, at first. fýla,f.(1) foulness,stink;(2) dirtyfellow (= mannfýla).

fýsa (-ta, -tr),v. tourge (f.e-ne-s) impers.,mikfýsir, Iameager,desire strongly (mikfýsirtilÍslands,heim);refl.,fýsast, todesire,feeldesirousoreager; alsoellipt.(hannkvaðsteigif.tilÍslands at svá búnu).

fýsi, f. wish, desire (= fýsn, fýst).

fýsi-liga,adv. willingly,desirably;

-ligr, a. desirable, attractive.

fýsn, fýst,f.=fýsi;e-merfýstáat gerae-t, oneisdesirousofdoing(oreager to do) a thing.

fæð,f.(1) fewness,scantiness;(2) coldness(inintercourse);f.ermeðþeim, they areonindifferentterms;takaf., tobecome melancholy.

fægja (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) topolish;(2) to cleanse (f. sár).

fækka (að),v.(1) tomakefew,reduce innumber;(2)refl.,fækkast, togrowcold, unfriendly (heldr tók at f. með þeim).

fæla (-da, -dr),v. tofrighten,scare (f. e-nbraut);refl.,fælaste-t, tobefrightened at; hestar fældust, the horses shied. fæling, f. frightening.

fælinn, a. shy, timid. fælt,adv. fearfully,infearfulmood (fóra f. þeygi).

fær, f. sheep. fær-eyingar,m.pl. theFaroeIslanders; -eyjar, f. pl. the Faroe Islands.

fær-eyskr, a. Faroese.

fæta, v. to have to do with (f. um e-t).

fætka, fætta (að), v. = fækka.

fœða (-dda, -ddr),v.(1) tofeed,give foodto;(2) torear,bring up(=f.upp); (3) togivebirthto (fœddiBergljótsveinbarn);(4)refl.,fœðast, tofeed,liveona thing (f.viðe-t); tobeborn; tobebrought up (= f. upp).

fœða, f., fœði, n. food (= fœzla).

fœðing, f. birth, delivery.

fœðingi (pl. -jar),m. native;veraf.í e-u landi, to be born in a country. fœra (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) tobring,convey (f.fétilskips);(2) tobring,present (f. e-me-t);f.e-mhöfuðsitt, tosurrender toone;f.e-mkvæði, todeliverapoem; (3) toremove (f.kirkju,f.búsitt);(4)

withpreps.,f.e-tate-m, toinflictonone; f.skömmate-m, tosneeratone;refl., fœrastat, tobestironeself;megaekkiat fœrast, tobeunabletodoanything;f.á e-n, tomockone;refl.,fœrastáfœtr, to growup;f.e-nfram, tomaintain,feed;f. e-tíhljóðmæli, tohushup;f.e-níkaf, toplungeoneunderwater;f.sikíætt, to vindicateone’skinship (byagallantdeed); f.e-nniðr=f.e-níkaf;f.korn(sáð) niðr, toputdowncorn(seed),tosow;f.etsundr, tosplitasunder;f.e-ntilkristni, toconverttoChristianily;f.tilréttsmáls, toturnintoprose;refl.,fœrastundaneu, toquit(release)oneselfof;f.upp, to putup (f.uppvef); toliftup (f.uppøxina); totakeout (f.uppmatórkatli);f.út búðarveggi, toenlargethewallsofabooth. fœrð, f. condition of the roads. fœri,n.(1) opportunity;komastívið e-n, togetachancetoattackone;veraí fœrumtile-s or ume-t, tobeabletodoa thing;(2) whatoneisabletodo (ekkiætla ek þetta mitt f.); (3) fishing-line. fœri-ligr,a.(1) practicable,easy;(2) fœriligr hestr, a strong horse. fœr-leikr, m. ability, strength. fœrr,a.(1) abletogo (vóruþeirallra mannabeztfœrirbæðiáfœtioká skíðum);(2) capableofbeingpassed,passable,safe (Petlansfjorðrvareligif.);fœrt veðr, weatherfitfortravelling;skipfœrt, fitforsea,seaworthy;(3)f.tíle-s, capable of, able to do a thing. fœzla, f. food, = fœða. föður-arfr,m. inheritanceafterafather; -bani,m. slayerofanother’sfather; -betrungr,m. onebetterthanhisfather; -bróðir,m. father’sbrother,uncle; -bœtr,f.pl. weregildforafather; -frændi,m. kinsmanonthefather’sside;

-garðr,m. afather’shouse; -gjöld,n. pl. weregildforone’sfather; -hefndir, f.pl. revengeforone’sfather; -kyn,n. father’skin;skozkrat-kyni, onthefather’s side; -leif, -leifð,f. patrimony; -ligr, a. fatherly; -móðir,f. father’smother, grandmother; -tún,n.=föður-garðr; -ætt, f. kinsfolk on the father’s side. föl, f. thin covering of snow. föl-leitr,a. pale-looking; -litaðr, pp. pale-coloured. fölna (að),v. togrowpale (fölnaðiok hræddist); towither (grasfölnar);kirkja fyrnd ok fölnuð, decayed. fölnan, f. withering, fading away. fölr (acc. -van),a. pale;f.semaska (gras, nár), pale as ashes (grass, a corpse). folskatr, a. covered with fölski. fölski, m. while ashes. fönn (gen.fannar;pl.fannir),f.(1) snow (hvítrsemf.nýfallin);(2) snowwreath. för (gen.farar;pl.fararandfarir),f.(1) journey;veraíf.meðe-m, tobeincompanywithone;veraíförum, tobeontrading

voyags;eigaskipíförum, toownatradingship;(2) attack,assault (=atför);(3) fate (muntþúhafafararHákonarjarls); vérmunumfaraeinaförallir, itwillgo withusallinthesameway;(4)veraáföru (förum), tobeonthewane (lausaféhans var heldr á förum).

förlast (að),v.refl. tofallintodecay; impers.,e-mförlast, onegrowsweak (from age). förnuðr, m. = farnaðr. föru-kona, f. vagrant woman. förull, a. rambling, strolling about. föru-maðr,m. vagrant,beggar; -mannligr,a. beggarly; -nautr,m. fellow-traveller,companion; -neyti,n.(1) company;(2) retinue; -piltr,m. vagrant lad, beggar. föstu-dagr,m.(1) fast-day;(2) friday (=frjádagr);-dagrinnlangi, GoodFriday; -inngangr,m. beginningofLent, Shrove-tide; -kveld,n. Fridayevening; -tíð, f., -tími, m. fast-time. föxóttr,a. havingamanedifferentin colour from the body (f. hestr).

Ggabb, n. mocking, mockery.

gabba (að),v. tomock,makegameof one (g. e-n).

gadda (að), v. to gore, spike.

gadda-kylfa, f. club with spikes.

gaddan, n. a kind of headgear (rare).

gadd-hjalt,n. asword-guardendingin sharp points.

gaddr (-s, -ar),m.(1) goad,spike;fig., varmjökígaddaslegit, at,itwasallbut settled that; (2) hard snow.

gafl, m. gable, gable-end.

gaflak, n. ‘gavelock’, javelin, dart.

gafl-hlað, n. gable-end (= gafl-veggr).

gaflok, n. = gaflak.

gafl-stokkr,m. gable-beam; -veggr, m. gable-wall = -hlað.

gagarr, m. dog (rare).

gag-háls,a. withtheneckthrownback (hirtir gaghálsir).

gagl,n. smallgoose,gosling; bird; -bjartr,a. brightasagoose; -viðr,m. ‘bird-wood’.

gagn,n.(1) advantage,use;verðae-m atgagni, tobeofusetoone;ereigimun verag.í, thatwillbeofnouse;(2) produce, revenue,esp.ofland;(3) domesticutensils; (4) luggage;(5) victory;hafa(fá)g., to have(gain)thevictory;(6)pl.gögn, proofs, evidence.

gagna (að),v. tobeofusetoone (gagna e-m) orforsomething;refl.,gagnast, to avail, be of use.

gagn-auðigr,a. veryproductive (of land); well stored (bú gagnauðigt).

gagn-dagar, see ‘gangdagar’. gagn-dyrt,a.n. withdoorsopposite one another.

gagn-fœriligr, -fœrr,a. penetrable, penetrating. gagn-gört,a.n.,onlyinthephrase,á -gört, straight.

gagn-hollr, a. mutually kind. gagn-hræddr, a. much frightened. gagn-kvoð, f. counter-summons. gagn-lauss,a. useless,ofnouse (hann var g. flestum mönnum).

gagn-leið, gagn-leiði, n. short cut. gagn-mæli, n. gainsaying. gagn-orðr,a. speakingtothepoint, hitting the mark. gagn-samligr,a. useful,profitable; -samr,a. beneficent,kind,hospitable (samrviðmenn); -semd,f. hospitality, readiness to help. gagn-sénn, pp. = -sær. gagn-skorinn,pp.(1) cutthrough;(2) carved all over. gagns-maðr,m. useful(beneficent) man; -munir,m.pl. usefulthings;veita e-m -muni, to help one. gagn-staða,f. resistance; -staðligr, a. contrary, opposed to (e-u).

gagn-stigr, m. short cut. gagn-stœðligr, a. = -staðligr. gagnstöðu-flokkr,m. adverseparty; -maðr, m. adversary, opponent. gagn-sær,a. transparent (gleriter gagn-sætt).

gagn-sök,f. counter-action,countercharge.

gagn-tak, n. saddle-strap. gagn-vart,prep.withdat.andadv., over against (sitja -vart e-m).

gagn-vegr, m. short cut, = -leið. gagn-vert,prep.withdat.andadv., over against, opposite (to).

gagn-vænligr, a. profitable.

gala (gel; gól, gólum; galinn),v. (1) tocrow (ofacock), cry,scream;(2) to sing,chant;g.galdrayfire-m, tochant magicsongsoverone;aflgólhannÁsum, he chanted strength into the Æsir. gal, n. screaming, howling.

galdr (gen. -rs,pl. -rar),m.(1) magic song,charm (gala,kveðagaldrayfire-m); (2)pl. witchcraft,sorcery (galdrarok görningar).

galdra-bók,n. bookofmagic; -fullr, a. fullofsorcery; -hríð,f. magicstorm; -kind,f. foulwitch; -kona,f. witch,sorceress; -list,f. magicart; -læti,n.pl. magicalmummeries; -maðr,m. wizard; -raumr,m. greatsorcerer; -smiðr,m. sorcerer.

galdr-ligr, a. magical. galeið (pl. galeiðr and galeiðir),f. galley.

galinn,pp.(1) enchanted;(2) mad, frantic (fóru galnir sem hundar).

gall, n. gall, bile; sour drink. galla-lauss, a. faultless. gall-beiskr,a. bitterasgall; -blandinn, pp. mixed with gall. gall-harðr, a. hard as stone. galli, m. defect, fault, flaw. galti, m. boar, hog (= göltr).

gamall (gömul, gamalt),a.(1) old;á gamalsaldri, inhisoldage;optergottþat ergamlirkveða, oldmen’ssayingsareoftengood;(2) old,aged,ofacertainage; hveg.maðrertu, howoldartthou? tólf vetra (gen.) g., twelve years old. gamal-ligr,a. elderly; -menni,n. old man; -órar,m.pl. dotagefromoldage;

-œrr, a. in dotage. gaman (dat. gamni),n. game,sport, pleasure,amusement;mérþykkirg.ateu, Iamamusedbyit;henda(sér)g.at e-u, tomakegameof;jötniatgamni, to thedeightofthegiant;takaundirígamni, torespondinjest;hafa.e-ttilgamans, to amuse oneself with.

gaman-leikr,m. game,amusement; -mál,n. merrytalk,joking; -rúnar,f.pl. joyfulconversation; -rœða,f.=gamanmál; -samligr,a. amusing; -samr,a. merry, jocose. gamans-ferð,f. pleasuretrip; -fundr, m. merry-making. gaman-vísa,f. ahumorousverse; -yrði, n. pl. jesting talk. gamban-reiði,f. greatwrath; -sumbl, n. greatbanquet; -teinn,m. akindof magic staff. gambr (gen. -rs), m. a kind of bird. gambra (að), v. to brag, bluster. gamlaðr, pp. stricken in years. gammi, m. hut of a Finn. gammr (-s, -ar), m. vulture. gamna (að),v. todivert,amuse (g.e-m með sögum).

gan, n. frenzy, frantic gestures. gana (-da),v.(1) togape,showafissure; g.áe-t, togapefororafter (g.árán);(2) to rush (g. at e-m); (3) to gaze, stare. gandr (-s, -ar),m. magicstaff;renna göndum, to ride a witch-ride. gand-reið, f. witch-ride. ganga (geng; gekk, gengum; genginn),v.(1) towalk (reiðjarl,en Karkrgekk);(2) togo;g.heim, togo home;g.braut, togoaway;g.tilhvílu, to gotobed;g.áskip, togoonboard;g.af skipi, togoashore;withinfin.,g.sofa or atsofa, togotosleep;g.ateigakonu, to

marryawoman;(3) togoaboutgrazing,to graze (kálfrinngekkítúniumsumarit); (4)ofaship, torun,sail (gekkskipitbrátt útáhaf);(5) tostretchout,extend,project (nesmikitgekkísæút);(6)ofreport, tales, tobecurrent (litlarsögurmegug.af hestimínum);(7) toprevail;gekkþaðan afíEnglandiValska, thereaftertheFrench tongueprevailedinE.;(8)ofmoney, tobe current (peningarþeir,semnúganga);of laws, tobevalid (þaulög,ergenguáUppsalaþingi);ofsickness,plague,famine, to rage (þágekkland-farsótt,drepsótt,hallæri);(9) togoon,last (gnustuþásaman vápnin,okgekkþatumhríð);impers., gekkþvílengi, soitwentonforalong while;(10)látag.e-t, toletgoon;láta högging., torainblows;Birkibeinarlétu g.lúðrana, blewthetrumpetsvigorously; (11) tosucceed;efþatgengreigi, ifthat willnotdo;impers.,sváþykt,atþeim gekkþareigiatfara,so close,thatthey couldnotgoonthere;þeimgekkekkifyrir nesit, theycouldnotcleartheness;(12) to turnout,goinaspecifiedway;g.andæris, togoallwrong;martgengrverrenvarir, manyathinggoesworsethanislookedfor; gekkþeimlíttatsókinn, theymadelittleprogresswiththeattack;impers.,e-m gengrvel(illa), onefares(goeson,gets on)well(badly);(13)withacc.,g.e-ná bak, toforceonetogobackwards (harm gengrbjöninnábak);(14)withdat., to discharge (gekkbannþáblóði);(15)with preps.andadverbs;g.afe-u, todepart from,leave (þágekkafhonummóðrinn); g.afvitinu, togooutofone’swits;g.af trúsinni, toapostatize; topass (síðangenguafpáskarnir); togooff (gekkþegaraf höfuðit); tobeleftassurplus (þateraf skuldinnigekk);núgengrhonumheyaf, nowhehassomehayleft;g.afsér, togo toextremities,togobeyondoneself (mjök gangaþeirfóstbrœðrnúafsé);g.aptr, torevert(return)totheformerproprietor (síðangenguþaulöndaptrundirÁrna); tobevoid,annulled (þáskalkaupaptrg.); ofaghost, towalkagain;ofadoor, to close,shut (gekkeigiaptrhurðin);g.at e-m, toattackone;g.ate-u, toagreeto, acceptachoiceoroffer (Flosigekkfljótt atþessuöllu); tofit (skaltufámérlukla þá,semgangaatkistumyðrum);g.áet, toencroachupon (g.áríkie-s); tobreak (g.áorðsín,eiða,grið,sættir,trygðir); topierce,penetrate;hannvarípanzara, erekkigekká, thatwasproofagainstany weapons;g.ávalde-s or e-m,g.áhönd (hendr)e-m, tosubmitto,giveoneselfup to,surrendertoone;g.ábake-u, tocontravene;g.eptire-u, togofor,gotofetch (göngumheimeptirverðinu); topursue, claim;g.eptir, toprovetrue,befulfilled (þettagekkallteptir,semM.sagðifyrir); g.fráe-u, topartwith,lose (sumirmunu g.fráöllufénu);g.fram, tostepforward; g.framvel, togoforwardbravely,inabattle; tocometopass,comeintoexecution (skalþessbíða,erþettagengrfram); to increase (féHallgerðargekkframok gørðistallmikit); todepartthislife (H. bóndigengrframtilfrændasinna);g. fyrire-n, topresentoneselfbeforeone (g. fyrirkonung);g.fyrire-u, totakecharge of,manage (varþarmartfólk,enhúsbóndigekksváfyrir,atekkertskorti); to yieldto,beswayedby (hanngekkþáfyrir fortölumhennar);g.ígegne-m, toset oneselfagainstone;g.ígegne-u, toconfess,acknowledge;maðrgengrígegn,at ábrautkveðsttekithafa, themanconfessedandsaidthathehadtakenitaway;

g.ímál, toundertakeacase;g.meðem(ofawoman), tomarry;g.meðbarni, tobewithchild;g.meðburði(ofanimals), tobewithyoung;g.meðe-u, toassistin,plead (g.meðmáli,bónorði);g. milli(ám.,ím.), togobetween,intercede;g.móti(ám.,ím.)e-m, togoto meetone;g.mótie-u, toresist,oppose; toconfess,=g.ígegn,g.viðe-u;g.nær e-m, tobetroublesometoone (þóttihón œritnærg.Þórgerði);g.e-mnær, toapproach,comeneartoone (sáhefirábrott komizt,ernæstgekkGunnariumalla hluti);g.saman, tomarry; ofanagreement,bargain,tobebroughtabout;saman gekkkaupitmeðþeim, theycametoabargain;g.sundr(ís.), togoasunder,part;g. til, togouptoathing (gangittilokhyggitat);ofthewind, toveer (veðritgekk tilútsuðrs);e-mgengre-ttile-s, onehas somereasonfordoingathing;enþatgekk mértilþess (thatwasmyreason),atek annþéreigi;hversuhefirykkrtilgengit, howhaveyoufared? Lokagekklítttil, it faredillwithL.;g.ume-t, togoabouta thing;g.umbeina, towaituponguests;g. umsættir, togobetween,aspeacemaker; g.ume-n, tobefall,happentoone (þess, erummargangengrguma);ofthewind, togoround,veer (gekkumveðritokstyrmdiatþeim); tomanage (fékkhónsvá umgengit,at);g.undan, toescapetoabsentoneself; g.undire-t, totakeupononeself,undertake(aduty);g.undire-n, to subjectoneselfto;g.upp, tobewasted (of money); togetloose,tohetornloose (þeir glímdusváatuppgengustokkarallirá húsinu);ofastorm,gale, togetup,rise (veðrgekkupp);ofanice-boundriver, áinvargenginupp, swollenwithice;g. viðstaf, towalkwithastick;g.viðe-uor

e-t, toavow;g.yfire-t, togobeyond,disregard (hannvildieigig.yfirþat,erhann vissiréttast);g.yfire-n, toovercome,to befall,happentoone;slíktsemyfirhefir gengit, allthathashappened;eittskalyfir okkrg., weshallshareone fate;(16)refl., gangast, tobealtered,tochange,oftradition (g.ímunni);látae-tg., towaive, giveup;e-mgengsthugrvið, ismovedto compassionbysomething (þágekstÞorgerdihugrviðharmatölurhans);gangast at, toengageinafight (þeirgengustat lengi);g.á, tobesetoffagainstoneanother (ágengustvíginhúskarlanna); todash againstoneanother;ágengusteiðar, the oathswerebroken;g.nær, tocometoclose quarters;g.við, togainstrength:áðren viðgengisthansbæn, beforehisprayer shouldbefulfilled;E.hafðimikitviðgengiztummenntir, E.hadmuchimproved himself in good breeding. ganga,f.(1) walking (hannmœddistí göngu);veraígöngu, tobeonfoot,to walk; (2) course (g. tungls, vinds). gangandi, m. wayfarer. gangdaga-vika,f. Rogationweek; -þing,n. anassemblyheldduringRogation week.

gang-dagar,m.pl. Rogationdays, ‘Gangdays’; -fœri,n. theconditionof theroads;illt(gott)gangfœri, bad(good) walking; -prúðr, a. with stately gait. gangr (gen. gangs),m.(1) walking (veraágangi); motion,activityofanykind (þávarhvertjárnágangi);(2) pace,pacing (temjahestaviðgangokhlaup);(3) course (g.himintungla);(4) prevailing, beinginvogue;hafamikinngang, tobe muchinvogue;heldrervaxandig.at þeim, they (viz. thedreams) wereratheron theincrease;svámikillg.varorðinnatel-

dinum, the fire had got to such a height. gang-rúm,n. passage-room; -silfr,n. currentmoney; -stigr,m. footpath; -tamr,a. well-trainedinpacing(ofa horse).

gap,n.(1) gap,emptyspace;(2) shouting, crying (háreysti ok g.). gapa (-ta, -at),v. togape,openthe mouth wide. gaps-maðr, m. gaping fool, gaby. garðar,m.pl. Russia; garða-ríki, -veldi, n. the Russian empire.

garð-hlið,n. gate; -hús,n. privy; -hverfa,f. anenclosedplot; -lag,n. the building of a fence or wall. garðr (-s, -ar),m.(1) fence,wall;(2) enclosedspace,yard (cf.aldin-garðr,grasgarðr,kirkjugarðr);(3) court-yard,court (þeirgángaútígarðinnokberjast);riða ígarð, toarrive;riða(fara)órgarði, to depart;fig.,helmingrskalfallaíminn garð, thehalfshallfallintomyshare;skal aukastþriðjungiíþínumgarði, inthy keeping;hyggjumvér,atíyðvarngarð hafirunnit, intoyourhands,yourpossession;gørae-nafgarði, toequipone (as ason,afriend,whendepartingfrom home);líðrvetrórgarði, thewinterpasses by;(4) house,dwelling;(5) stronghold, castle (cf. Ás-garðr, Út-garðar).

garð-konungr,m. theGreekemperor (in ‘Miklagarðr’).

garp-skapr, m. bravery. gassi, m. (1) gander; (2) rash fellow. gat, n. hole, opening. gata (gen.pl. gatna),f. path,way, road;veraágötue-s, tobeinone’sway; sitjaágötue-s, tolieinwaitfor (=sitja fyrir e-m); alla götu, always, throughout. gatna-mót, n. junction of roads. gauk-mánaðir,m. ‘cuckoo-month’ (the first summer month).

gaukr (-s, -ar), m. cuckoo. gaul,n. lowing; bellowing; gaula (að), v. to low, bellow. gaum-gæfa (-ða, -t),v. toheed; -gieft, f. attention, care. gaumr,m. heed,attention;gefagaumat e-u, to pay attention to. gaupa, f. the lynx. gaupna-sýn,f. lookingintoone’spalms; coveringone’sfacewiththehands (cf.‘sjáí gaupnir’).

gaupnir,f.pl.(1) thetwohandsplaced togethersoastoformabowl;sjá,horfa, líta,lútaíg.sér, tocoverone’sfacewith thehands (asatokenofsorrow,orin prayer); (2) double handful (g. silfrs).

gaura-gangr, m. disorderly conduct. gaurr, m. rough fellow. gauta (að), v. to prate, brag. gautan, f. prating. gautar,m.pl. aScandinavianpeoplein southern Sweden. gaut-elfr, f. the river Gotha. gaut-land, n. the land of the Gautar. gauzkr, a. from Gautland. gá (gái, gáða, gát),v. toheed,withinfin.(gáatgørae-t)orgen.;guðshann gáði, he gave heedtoGod;gásín, totake careofoneself;gátile-s, tomark;glýjaþú

garð-staurr, m. fence-stake. garmr, m. dog. garn,n.(1) yarn (spinnagarnafrokki); (2) warp-thread,warp,opp.to‘vipta’, weft, woof. garp-ligr,a. martial; -menni,n. martial man. garpr (-s, -ar),m. abold,dauntless man (g.mikill);alsoappliedtoawoman (honvarvænkonaokgarprmikillí skapi).

né gáðir, thou hadst no mind for joy. gá,f. barking (in‘goðgá’, blasphemy; ‘hundgá’).

gala-samligr,a. waggish; -skapr,m. waggery.

gá-lausligr,a. heedless,wanton; -lauss,a. wanton,careless; -leysi,n. heedlessness.

gálga-tré, n. gallows-tree. gálgi, m. gallows (reisa gálga).

gá-ligr, a. mindful of (e-s).

gár, n. buffoonery, mocking. gár-fenginn, a. given to buffoonery. gárungr (-s, -ar), m. buffoon. gás (gen. gásar;pl. gæss),f. goose (galt hann gagl fyrir gás).

gá-samr,a. heedful,attentive; -semi,f. attention.

gás-veiðr, f. goose-catching. gáta,f. riddle;geta(ráða)gátu, toread a riddle.

gátt (pl. -ir),f.(1) therabbetofadoorsillordoorpost;varhniginhurðágátt, the doorwasshut;(2)pl. doorway;innangátta, indoors.

geð,n.(1) mind,wits,senses;heimta aptrg.sitt, tocometoone’ssensesagain; veragætinnatgeði, tobeonone’sguard; vitatilsínsgeðs, tobemasterofone’s wits;(2) disposition,liking;honumvarvel ígeðitilFreysteins, hewaswelldisposed toFr.;þúfellstmérvelíg., youaretomy liking;féllsthvártöðru(féllustþau)velí g., they liked one another well. gedda, f. pike (fish). geð-fastr,a. firmofmind; -festi,f. firmness of mind. geðjaðr, a. to one’s mind, agreeable. geðjast (að),v.refl.,e-mgeðjaste-t, one is pleased with, one likes. geð-lauss,a. fickle-minded; -leysi,n.

fickleness of mind, inconstancy. geðs-ligr, a. engaging, pleasing. geð-speki,f. wisdom; -svinnir,a. wise, clever. gefa (gef; gaf, gáfum; gefinn),v. (1) togive (g.e-me-t);hanngafþeim góðargjafar, hegavethemgoodgifts;g.emráð, togiveoneadvice;g.hljóð, togive ahearing;g.e-msök,e-tatsök, tolay toone’scharge,tobringachargeagainst one;g.slög, todealblows;g.e-mdrekka, togiveonetodrink;impers.,e-mgefrbyr (byri), onegetsafairwind (gafþeimbyr oksiglaþeiríhaf);absol.,gafþeimvel, theygotafairwind;effœrigefrá, ifyou getachance;efyðr(dat.)gefreigimissýiíþessumáli, ifyouarenotmistaken inthismatter;þatgaföllumvelskilja, it wasclearforalltounderstand;(2) togive, grant;g.heimleyfi, tograntfurlough;g.emgrið, tograntquarterorpardontoone; g.e-mlíf, tograntonehislife;(3) togive inmatrimony (ekvarunggefinNjáli);(4) togivefoddertocattle,tofeed (g.göltum, nautum,kúm,hestum);(5)g.staðar, to stop;léthannþástaðargefaróðrinn, he stoppedrowing;(6)e-mere-tsvágefit,or svágefitume-t, oneissoandsodisposed, thinkssoandsoofathing (efþérerþetta svágefitsemþúsegir);(7)withpreps.;g. sérlitit(mikit)af(orat)e-u, totakelittle (much)noticeof;g.áe-t, topourwateron; fig. topresson (gefrOrmrþáá);g.e-mtil e-s, togiveinreturnforathing (g.fétil sátta);impers.,honumhafðivelgefittil (hadgoodluck) umhefndina;g.sérmikit(lítit)ume-t, totakegreat(little)interestin (=g.sérmikit,lítit,aforate-u); g.sérfáttume-t, totakecoldly,takelittle noticeof;g.e-tupp, togiveup (g.uppallamótstöðu);g.sikupp, tosurrender;g.

uppgamalmenni, togiveoldpeopleup,let themstarve;g.uppleiguna, toremitthe rent;g.uppsakir, toremitoffences;upp gefinn, exhausted;g.e-tviðe-u, togive inpaymentfor;g.sikvið, togivein (þat erlíkara,atekgefamikvið);(8)refl., gefastvel(illa), toprovegood(bad);opt hafamérvelgefiztyðurráð, yourcounsels haveoftenprovedgoodforme;hefirþeim þatokaldrivelgefizt, ithasneverturned outwell;gefastgjöfum, togivegiftstoone another;g.ávalde-s, togiveoneselfinto another’spower;g.upp, togivein,surrender;e-mgefste-tyfir, onedoeswrongin athing (efgöfgummönnumgáfuststórir hlutir yfir).

gefandi (pl. -endr), m. giver. gefna-geð, n. conduct, behaviour. gegn and ígegn,prep.withdat., against (íg.vindisemforvindis);íg.eðli, against nature. gegn,a.(1) honest (sannorðrokg.);(2) fit (fórÓ.þaráland,semhonumþótti gegnast);(3) direct,straight (hinngegnsta veg).

gegna (-da, -t),v.(1) togoagainst, meet (g.e-m);(2) tosuitone,bemeetfor one;velitþateryðrgegnir, choosewhat bestsuitsyou;(3) tosignify,mean,matter;spurði,hverjugegndiúgleðisú,er hannhafði, askedwhathissadnessmeant; sumirmæltuímótiokkváðuøngug., somedeniedit,andsaiditwasofnouse; meiraenhófigegnir, morethanisdue, abovemeasure;g.tíðendum, tobeofimportance;(4) toamountto;sváatmörgum hundruðumgegndi, sothatitamountedto many hundreds. gegni-liga, adv. duly, properly. gegning,f. suitableness;áþessuerengi g., this will not do.

gegnt,(1)adv. straight;compar.,gegnra,gegnara, morestraight;superl.,gegnst,gegnast, theshortestway; mostright, meetest;(2)prep.withdat. overagainst, opposite to (g. konungi).

gegnum, ígegnum (1)prep.withacc. through (g.vegginn);(2)adv.,allandagí g., all the day long. geifla (að), v. to mumble (g. á e-u).

geiga (að),v. totakeawrongdirection; eigiveit,hvarúskytjaörgeigar, nonecan tell where a shaft ill-shol may stray to. geigan, f. wavering. geigr,m.(1) scathe,serioushurt;vinna, gera,veitae-mgeig, tohurtone;(2) danger (er þat enn mesti g.).

geigu-skot, n. deadly shot. geig-vænligr, a. dangerous, fatal. geil (pl. -ar), f. narrow glen, lane. geila-garðr, m. a fence along a geil. gei-ligr, a. fine, beautiful (rare).

geip, n. idle talk, nonsense. geipa (að), v. to talk nonsense. geipan, f. brag, nonsense. geir-fálki,m. gerfalcon; -fugl,m. gare-fowl, the great awk. geiri, m. gore, triangular strip. geir-laukr, m. garlic. geir-mímir, m. poet. warrior. geir-nagli,m. thenailfasteninga spear’s head to the shaft. geir-njörðr, m. poet. warrior. geirr (-s, -ar),m.(1) spear;(2) the point of an anvil (nefsteði).

geir-varta, f. nipple (of a man).

geis,f. impetuosity; geisa (að),v. to rage,befurious;þeirraofsigeisarhátt, their insolence runs high. geisan, f. impetuosity (= geis).

geiska-fullr, a. frightened. geiski, m. panic, fear.

geisl,m.(1) snow-skater’sstaff;(2) ray, beam; geisla (að),v. toshedrays,to beam; geisli, m. = geisl.

geispa (að), v. to yawn, gape.

geispi, m. yawn. geit (gen. -ar;pl. geitr),f. ashe-goat (ragr sem geit).

geita-fœtir,m.pl. goats’feet,feetlike thoseofagoat; -hirðir,m. goat-herd; -hús, n. goat-house.

geitar-horn,n. goat’shorn; -hugr, m. cowardice; -hús,n. goat-house; -skegg, n. goat beard.

geita-sveinn, m. goat-herd. geit-bjálfi,m. goat-skincoatorhairy jacket; -heðinn,m. goat-skincoator hairyjacket; -skinn,n. goat-skin; -staka, f. = -skinn.

geitungr, m. wasp. gelda (-da, -dr), v. to geld, castrate. geld-fé, n. barren sheep. geldjfár-höfn, f. pasture for geldfé. gelding, f. gelding, castration.

geldingr (-s, -ar),m.(1) wether;(2) eunuch.

geld-neyti, n. barren cattle. geldr, a. yielding no milk, dry. gella (-da),v. toyell,roar, bellow (sem griðungr gelldi).

gemlingr (-s, -ar),m. ayear-oldsheep (at rýja gemlinga).

gems, n. gibe, scoff. gemea (að), v. to gibe, scoff. gems-fullr, a. full of gibes. gems-mikill, a. full of gibes. gengi,n.(1) luck,success;ánerills gengisnemaheimanhafi, illluckishomebred;(2) help,support;aflasérgengis, to gather troops. genginn, pp. gone, dead. gengr,a.(1) abletowalk;(2) fittowalk

on (vegrvelg.);(3)eigaheimangengt, to have time and opportunity to leave home. genta, f. girl, lass. gera, v. see gøra; gerð, see gørð. gerð, f. yeast, ferment. gerð (pl. -ar),f. gear,harness;pl. armour (gerðar várar).

gerða (-ða, -ðr), v. to fence in. gerði, n. a fenced field. gerðing, f. fencing, hedging. geri, m. ‘ ravener’, wolf (poet.). gerla, adv. see görla. gerning, gerningr, see gørn-. gerpi-ligr, a. martial (= garpligr). gerr, a. see görr; adv. see gørr. ger-samliga, -semi, -simi, -simligr, see gör-, gør-. gersta (-sta, -str),v. toannoy,tease (g.huge-s); gerstr,pp.(1) wearisome, dismal;gerstandag, thelongwearyday; (2) sulky;hannleitg.viðmér, helooked sulkily on me. gerva, gervallr, gervi,seegörva, görvallr, gørvi.

gerzkr, a. from Garðaríki. gesta-bekkr,m. guests’bench; -boð, n. banquet; -hús,n. guest-room; -höfðingi,m. chefoftheguests; -skáli, m. guest-hall. gest-gjafi, m. host (góðr -gjafi).

gestr (-s, -ir),m.(1) guest;(2) aroyal retainer of inferior rank. gest-risinn,a. hospitable; -risni,f. hospitality. get, n. guess (rare). geta (get; gat, gátum; getinn),v. I.withacc.(1) toget;g.orðstír, toget fame;g.sére-t, togetforoneself (góðs umœðisefsérg.mætti);g.gottafem, togetgoodofone;withdat.ofthe person,g.váluðumvel, tobekindtothe

poor;g.e-milla, todoharmtoone;impers.,getre-t, thereis (got);eigigetr slíkan (thereisnonesuch) íkonungsherbergjum;(2)withpp.ofanotherverb, g.veiddanfisk, tobeabletocatchfish; ekgeteigifylgtyðr, Icannotfollowyou; (3)almostlikeanauxil.verbwithinfin.; ekGunnarigatatunna, IlovedG.;g.at lita,sjá (toget)tosee;without‘at’,erslíkt getrfœðajóð, thatshallrearsuchachild; (4) tolearn (lengimanþaterungrgetr); (5) tobeget,engender (fótrgatsonvið fœti);getabörn, tobegetchildren(saidof bothparents);(6)refl.,getastate-u, to like;þvíatmérgeztvelatþér, becauseI liketheewell;látasérgetitate-u, tobe pleasedwith;eigilætekmérateinugetit, Iamnotpleasedtohavealwaysthesame, Iwantsomechange;II.withgen.(1) to guess;g.gatu, toguessariddle;g.rétt, toguessright;g.e-stil, toguess,suppose; g.íhuge-m, toguessone’sthoughts;(2) tospeakof,mention,inspeechorwriting (þessergetit,semgörter);getaumet, tospeakabout (hanngatekkiumþetta fyrirsínummönnum);þesserviðgetit, at, it is told that. geta,f. guess,conjecture (erþatg.mín, at);spáerspaksg., awiseman’sguessisa prophecy;ætlaekeigiþattilgetu,athann séþar, itisnotlikelythatheisthere;leiða getum um e-t, to make a guess at. getara, f. birth-giver, mother. getari, m. begetter, father. get-gangr, m. guessimg. getnaðr (gen. -ar),m.(1) conception; (2) fœtus;verameðgetnaði, tobewitha child; (3) liking. get-sakir,f.pl. imputations (without evidence);sœkja-sakir, toprosecuteone uponlooseimputations; -samligr,a. per-

tainingtoguessing; -speki,f. giftof prophecy; getu-mál, n. doubtful case. geyja (gey, gó),v.(1) tobark (ate-m); (2) toscoffat (vilekeigigoðg.);g.áe-n, to abuse.

geyma (-da, -dr),v.(1) toheed,mind, watch (geymþess,atenginnkomistí braut);hannhafðigeymthlutverkasinna, hehadmindedhis work;g.sin, totake careofoneself;g.ate-u,tile-s=g.e-s;(2) towatch,keep,withacc.(g.bœinn,heilræðit).

geymari, m. keeper. geymdir,f.pl. heed,attention;gefag. at e-u, to give heed to. geymiliga, adv. = gætiliga.

geyminn, a. heedful (g. e-s, at e-u).

geymsla, f. keeping, care. geymalu-lauss, a. unguarded.

geyra, geyrr, = gøra, görr.

geysa (-ta, -tr),v. tosendoutwithviolence (hannlætrg.eldokjárn);usuallyrefl. todashorrushfuriously (þágeysisthafitálöndin;múgrinngeystistinn á skipin).

geysi-, very,exceedingly;g.mikill, very great;g.margir, verymany,g.illa, very badly. geysi-liga,adv. enormously; -ligr,a. enormous.

geysingr, m. impetuosity. geystr,pp.(1) rushinghastily;(2) enraged (vórubœndrmjökgeystiráhendr honum).

-gi (or -ki after t or s),asuffixusedesp. withnegative,butalsowithpositiveand indefinite force.

gil (gen. pl. gilja), n. ravine, gully. gilda-skáli, m. guild-hall. gildi,n.(1) payment,tribute (rare);(2) recompense,return;æsértilgildisgjöf

(seegjald4);(3) repute,esteem (þegarþér komistíg.viðhöfðingja);(4) feastbanquet (þágenguÆsiratg.sínu);(5) guild, brotherhood.

gildis-brœðr,m.pl. guild-brothers; -fundr,m. guild-meeting; -skáli,m. guild-hall; -tíð, f. guild-term. gild-leiki, m. perfectness. gild-liga, adv. properly.

gildr (gild, gilt),a.(1) valuedat (g. tveimmörkum);(2) offullvalue; worth, great (g.konungr,höfðingi);meðgildum sóma, withgreatfame;Hallfreðrvarþá sem gildastr, H. was then at his best. gildra, f. trap. gildra (að), v. to trap, set a trap. gilja (áð), v. to beguile (a woman). gils-þrömr, m. edge of a gully. gim-steinn, m. gem, jewel. gin, n. mouth (of a beast).

gin-kefli, n. gag. ginna (-ta, -tr),v.(1) todupe,fool one;g.e-natsér, tofalloutwithone;(2) todecoy,entice (g.e-ntile-s,heimanaf bœnum).

gin-heilagr, a. most holy. ginning (pl. -ar),f. deception,befooling (Gylfa-ginning).

ginningar-fífl,n. onewhorunsa fool’s errand (vera ginningar-fífl e-s).

ginn-regin, n. pl. the great gods. ginnunga-gap,n. thegreatvoid, primevalchaos; -himinn,m. theheaven over ginnunga-gap.

ginnungr, m. juggler, lister. gipt,f.(1) gift (jarðligargiptir);(2) good luck (= gipta).

gipta, f. good luck.

gipta (-pta, -ptr),v. togiveawayin marriage (g.e-me-a);refl.giptast, to marry.

gipting, f. marriage (of a woman). giptu-drjúgr,a. lucky; -fátt,a.n. luckless (e-mverðrgiptu-fátt); -liga, adv. luckily; -ligr,a. lucky,auspicious; -maðr,m. luckyman; -munr,m. differenceingoodluck; -ráð,n. good,auspiciousmatch; -samliga,adv. auspiciously; -samligr,a.=-ligr; -skortr,m. wantof luck,badluck; -tómr,a. luckless; -vænligr, a. promissing good luck, auspicious. girða (-ða, -ðr), v. to fence, = gerða. girkir, m. pl. the Greeks. girna (-di, -t),v.impers.,mikgirnir, Idesire;refl.,girnaste-t,áe-t,tile-s, to desire something. girnd (pl. -ir), f. desire; lust. girndar-bruni, -eldr, -hiti,m. fire oflust,ardentlust; -ráð,n. (foolish)love match.

girni-ligr, a. desirable, pleasant. girska, f. the Greek language. girskr, a. (1) Greek; (2) = gerzkr. gista (-sta, -st),v. topassthenight (g. ate-s,at or áe-mstað);g.e-n, tospenda night with one. gisting,f. night-lodgings,accommodationforthenight (beiðastgistingar;þiggja gisting).

gistingar-ból,n., -staðr,m. nightquarters.

gizki, m. a kind of kerchief (?). gífr,n. witch,hag; -liga,adv. savagely (láta -liga).

gífr, a. poet. bloodthirsty, savage. gígja, f. fiddle; gígjari, m. fiddler. gína (gin; gein, ginum; ginit),v. to gape,yawn (gínandiúfr);g.yfire-t, to takeintoone’smouth;g.viðagni, togape in order to take the bait. gísl (pl. -ar),m.(1) hostage;(2) bailiff (g. keisarans); warder.

gísla (að),v.(1) togiveashostage;(2) to take as hostage.

gíslar,f.pl.(1) sureties,securities;(2) securily, guard (setja g. fyrir).

gísling,f.(1) hostage (takae-níg.);(2) pl. guard (setja gíslingar fyrir e-n).

gjafa-laust,adv. (disinissed)without gifts; -leysi, n. lack of gifts.

gjafari, m. giver.

gjafa-skipti,n., -víxl,n. exchangeof gifts.

gjaf-erfð,f. bequest; -falr,a. tobe hadforatrifle; -laust,adv. withoutgift; -lendingar,m.pl. feudatories; -lyndi, n. open-handedness; -mildr,a. openhanded; -orð,n. match(ofawomanto bemarried); -vaxta,a. marriageable (ofa maid); -vinr, m. open-handed friend.

gjald,n.(1) tribute (hannlagðig.á borgina);(2) payment;þáhéldubœndr galdinu, theykeptbackthepayment;(3) retribution,esp.pl.;ellamunþérg.at verða, thoushaltpaydearforit;(4) reward,return,compensation;æsérgjöftil gjalda, gift looks for gift.

gjalda (geld; galt, guldum; goldinn),v.(1) torepay,return;g.gjöf viðgjöf, topaybackgiftforgift;g.aptr, torestore,payback;(2)fig. togive,yield; g.skynsemiviðe-u, togivereasonfor;g. samkvæðiate-u, toconsentto;g.varúð, varhugaviðe-u, tobeonone’sguard against;g.e-mfjándskap, toshowill-will towardsone;(3)withgen. topayfor,suffer onaccountof (þarmunuðþitming.);g. e-sat=g.e-s;geldratnýbreytni(gen.) konungs, itisapunishmentfortheking’s innovations.

gjald-dagi,m. pay-day; -fang,n. payment,equivalent; -gengr,a. takeninpayment; -keri, -kyri,m. theking’ssteward.

gjalla (gell; gall, gullum; gollit),v. toscream,shriek (ernirgjalla hátt);strengrgellr, thebow-stringtwangs; impers. toresound,echo (kvaðÞorsteinn svá hátt, at gall í múrnum).

gjallar-horn,n.(1) thehorn(trumpet) ofHeimdal;(2) thedrinkinghornusedby Mimir.

gjallr,a. ringng,resounding; gjalti, onlyinthephrase,verðaatgjalti, toturn mad with terror. gjarn,a.(1) eagerfor,desirousof (g.á e-t,íe-t,tile-s);(2)g.e-m, willingtofollow one. gjarna, adv. willingly. gjarn-liga, adv. willingly. gjarn-samliga, adv. willingly. gjá (gen. gjár;pl. gjár,gen. gjá,dat. gjám), f. rift, cleft, chasm. gjálfr,n. dinofthesea; gjálfr-dyr, n. ship (poet.); -samr,a. roaring(ofthe sea).

gjár-bakki,m. brinkofarift; -barmr, m. edgeofarift; -munni,m. mouthofa rift.

gjó,f. sensuality; -lífi,n. sensuallife; -maðr, m. a sensual person. gjósa (gýs; gaus, gusum; gosinn),v. togush,burstout (þargausuppstundum, eldr; blóðit gaus ór sárinu).

gjós-æðr, f. ‘gush-vein’, artery. gjóta (gýt; gaut, gutum; gotinn), v.(1)g.hrognum, tospawn;(2)g.augum, sjonum, to cast a look. gjöf (gen. gjafar,pl. gjafar and gjafir),f. gift;skiptagjöfumviðe-n, toexchangegiftswithone;leiðae-nút(í brott)meðgjöfum,leysae-nábrottmeð gjöfum, todismissonewithgifts(atthe end of a visit). gjöfull (acc. gjöflan),a. munificent,

liberal (g. at gulli).

gjögr, f. cleft, rift (gljúfr ok gjögrar).

gjögra (að), v. to reel, stagger. gjölnar,f.pl. thewhskersoftheFenriswolf.

gjölta (-lti), v. to bark (rare).

gjör-, see gör-, gør-.

gjörð (gen. gjarðar;pl. gjarðar and gjarðir),f. girdle; saddle-girth (söðulgjörð).

gjörvallr, a. see ‘görvallr’.

glaða (að), v. to gladden (= gleðja).

glaðan, adv. = glaðliga.

glað-látr,a. cheerful; -liga,adv. gladly,willingly; -ligr,a. glad,cheerful; -mæltr, a. cheerful in speech.

glaðning, f. gladdening, gladness.

glaðr (glöð, glatt),a.(1) glad,gladsome,cheerful (Flosivarallraruarma, glaðastr);(2) bright,beautiful,ofthesky, weather,fire (veðrglatt,tunglitskein glatt).

glað-væri,f. gladness; -værr,a. gladsome, cheerful.

glam, or glamm, n. noise, din, clash. glama, v. to twaddle, talk idly. glamra (að), v. to tinkle, jingle. glap,n. beguilement,seduction;venja kvámursínartilglapa(or glaps)viðkonu, to aim at seducing. glapna (að),v. togrowdim (glapnaði honum heyrn ok sýn).

glappa-verk, n. mishap. glap-ræði,n. mistake,blunder; -stigr,m. awrongpath; -víg,n. accidental manslaughter. glata (að),v.(1) todestroy (g.e-u);(2) to lose; refl., glatast, to be lost. glatan, f. perdition. glatuns-hundr, m. glutton (?). glaumr,m. noisymerriment;glaums

andvana, cheerless. glam-sýni, f. illusion. gleða, f. glede, kite (bird). gleði,f. gladness,merriment,joy (var þar þá g. mikil).

gleði-bragð,n. joyfulmien; -dagar, m.pl. daysofhappiness; -fullr,a. joyful; -ligr,a. glad; -maðr,m. cheeryman; -mót,n.=-bragð; -orð,n.pl. wordsof joy; -stundir,f.pl. merry,happytime; -vist, f. merry sojourn. gleðja (gleð, gladda, gladdr),v. to gladden,makeglad;refl.,gleðjast, tobe glad, rejoice. glefja, f. spear, lance (for. word). glefsa (-ta), v. to snap at (g. í e-t).

glens, n. gibing, gibe, jest, banter. glensa (að), v. to jest, make fun. glensan, f. gibing, jesting. glens-ligr,a. bantering; -mikill,a. fullofjestingorgibes; -yrði,n.pl. jesting or gibing speech. glepja (glep, glapta, glaptr),v.(1) toconfuseone (inreading,speaking);(2) toconfound (g.sókn,vörn);(3) tobeguile (g. konu). gler,n.(1) glass;hállsemg., slippery asglass;brestaígleri, tobreakintoshivers; (2) looking-glass. gler-gluggr,m. glass-window; -steinar,m.pl. glassstones,agates; -tölur, f. pl. glass beads. glett,n., gletta,f. banter,raillery, taunting;fara(ganga,ríða)íglettviðe-n, to provoke one. glettast (tt),v.refl. tobanter,rail againstone,taunt,provokeanenemy (g. við e-n).

gletti-liga, adv. tauntingly. glettingr, m. = glett, gletta. glettings-bára, f. splashing wave.

glettinn, a. bantering.

glettni, f. = glett (eiga g. við e-n).

glettu-atsókn,f. afeinttoprovoke the enemy to attack. glettunar-maðr,m.;engiglettunarmaðr, a man not to be trifled with. gleyma (-da, -dr),v.(1) tomakeamerrynoise (glaumr);(2)withdat. toforget (gleymt hefi ek þessu).

gleym-samligr, a. forgetful. gleymska, f. forgetfulness. gleypa (-ta, -tr), v. to swallow. glissa (-sta), v. to grin, gabble. glit, n. ‘glitter’; ofit í g., brocaded. glita, glitra (að), v. to glitter. glíkindi, glíking, glíkja, glíkligr, glíkr = líkindi, líking, etc. glíma (-da, -t), v. to wrestle. glíma, f. wrestling. glíminn, a. expert as a wrestler. glímu-brögð,n.pl. wrestling-tricks; -félagi,m. wrestling-mate; -fœrr,a. able-bodiedasawrestler; -mannliga, adv. like a good wrestler. gljá (-ða, -ð), v. to glisten, shine. gljúfr, n. pl. rocky (sides of a) ravine. gljúfróttr, a. rocky. glott,n. grin,sneer,scornfulsmile; draga g. at e-u, to sneer at. glotta (-tta, -tt),v. togrin (g.at or viðe-u);g.viðtönn, tosmilescornfully and show the teeth. glóa (að,or -óða, -ót),v.(1) toshine, glitter (glóarnökkutígötunni);(2) to glow with heat; glóanda járn, red-hot iron. glóð (pl. glœðr), f. red-hot embers. glóðar-ker, n. fire-pan. glóð-rauðr, a. red as embers. glófaðr, a. gloved; glófi, m. glove. gló-föxóttr, a. light-maned. glópaldi, m. fool.

glópr, m. fool. glósa (að), v. to explain by a gloss. gluggaðr, pp. with windows. glugga-þykkn,f. densecloudswith openings in them. gluggr (-s,pl. -ar),m. opening (ina wall, roof, etc.), esp. window. glumr, n. noise, rattle, clatter. glumra (að), v. to rattle, clatter. glutr, n. squandering, lavishment. glutra (að), v. to squander. glutrs-maðr, m. spendthrift. glutrunar-maðr,m.=glutrsmaðr; -samr, a. lavish, extravagant. glúpna (að), v. to becorne downcast. glymja (glym, glumda, glumiðr),v. todashnoisily,splash (unnirglymja), clatter (glumdu jöklar), rattle. glymr, m. clatter, clash, ringing. glyrnur, f. pl. cat’s eyes. glys, n. finery (kaupa glys).

glys-gjarn,a. fondoffinery; -ligr,a. showy,specious; -mál,n.pl. specious words.

glý,n. joy;glýja(gen.pl.)négáðir, thou hadst no mind for joy. glýjaðr, pp. gleeful (vel g.).

glý-stamr, a. joyless. glæa (-dda), v. to glow, glisten. glær (gen. glæs),m. sea;kastaáglæ, tothrowintothesea,squander;hlaupaá glæ, to run in vain. glæ-ræði, n. = glapræði.

glæsa (-ta, -tr),v. toembellish;gulli oksilfriglæstr, adornedwithgoldandsilver.

glæsi-ligr,a. splendid,showy; specious (-lig orð).

glœpa-fullr,a. fullofwickedness,ungodly; -maðr,m. miscreant,malefactor; -mannligr,a. ruffianly; -verk,n.

crime.

glœpi-liga,adv. wickedly; -ligr,a. wicked; glæp-ligr, a. = glœpiligr.

glœpr (-s, -ir), m. misdeed, crime.

glœpska, f. misdeed, offence.

glœp-varr,a. righteous; -yrði,n.pl. foul language.

gløgg-dœmr,a. sagaciousinone’s judgement; -leikr,m. sagacity; -liga, adv. clearly, distinctly.

gløggr (acc. -van),a.(1) clear-sighted (gløggtergestsauga);(2) clear,distinct; veragløggrargreinar, todistinguish sharply;eigiermérþatgløggt, itisnot cleartome;neut.,gløggt,asadv. clearly (muna,kennagløggt);(3) stingy,close (gløggr við gesti).

gløgg-rýnn,a. cleverininterpreting runes; -skygn,a. sharp-sighted; -sýnn, a. sharp-witted; -sær (-sæ, -sætt),a.(1) clear-sighted;(2) manifest,clear; -þekkinn,a. quicktodiscern,clear-sighted; -þekkni, f. clear-sightedness.

gnadd, n. grumbling, muttering. gnadda (að), v. to murmur, grumble. gnaga (að),v. tognaw (hestargnöguðu beizlin).

gnapa (-ta),v.(1) tojutorstandout;(2) tostoop or bendforward;(3) todroopthe head.

gnata (að), v. to clash. gnauð, n. noise, din, rattle. gnauða (að), v. to rattle, ring. gnegg, n. neighing. gneggja (að), v. to neigh. gneista (að), v. to emit sparks. gneista-flaug, f. shower of sparks. gneisti, m. spark. gnesta (griest; gnast, gnustum; gnostinn),v. tocrack,clash (gnustuþá saman vápnin).

gneypa (-ta, -tr), v. to pinch. gneypr,a.(1) bentforward,drooping; (2) savage, fierce. gniða (að), v. to rub, scrape. gnípa,f. peak,juttingpinnacle (ona beetling mountain).

gnísta (-sta, -st),v.(1)g.tönnum, to gnashtheteeth;(2) tosnarl(ofdogs);(3) gnístanda frost, biting frost. gnístan, f. gnashing. gnísting, f. gnashing. gnóga, adv. poet. = gnógliga. gnóg-leikr,m. abundance; -liga,adv. abundantly; -ligr, a. abundant. gnógr,a.(1) abundant,plentiful, enough (selveiðargnógarokfiskifang mikit);atgnógu, sufficiently;okvinnst ossþatatgnógu, itisenoughforus;í gnóg, enough (varþarvatnígnóg);gnógu (neut.dat.)lengi, long,enough;(2)g.um e-t,ate-u, richlyfurnishedwith (núvar hann g. orðinn um kvikfé).

gnótt,f. abundance,plenty (g.fjár) gerag.spurning(dat.)e-s, togivesufficient answer to one’s question.

gnúa (gný, gnera,or gnøra, gnúinn),v. torub (hanntóktilorðaok gneri nefit).

gnúfa (-ða),v. todroop (g.með höfðinu).

gnúp-leitr, a. stern-looking. gnúpr (-s, -ar), m. peak (= gnípa).

gnyðja (gnyð, gnudda),v. tomutter, grumble (herrinngnuddiilla); togrunt (g. mundu nú grísir).

gnyðr (pl. -ir), m. murmur. gnýja (gný, gnúða, gnúit),v. toroar (vindargnýja);g.á, tosetin (þágnúðií hallæri mikit ok veðrátta köld).

gný-mikill, a. roaring, stormy. gnýr (-s, -ir), m. clash, din.

gný-reið, f. roaring thunder.

gnæfa (-ða, -t),v. tostandup,rise high, tower (g. við himin).

gnœgr, a. = gnógr.

gnöltra (að), v. to howl, bark.

gnötra (að), v. to clatter, rattle.

goð, n. (heathen) god. goða-blót,n. sacrificetothegods; -gremi,f. wrathofthegods; -heill,n. favourofthegods; -hús,n. houseofgods, heathen temple; -reiði, f. = góða-gremi. goð-borinn,pp. god-born; -dómr,m. godhead; -gá, f. blasphemy.

goði,m. heathenpriest; chief (inIceland during the republic).

goð-kunnigr,a. ofthekithofgods; -málugr,a. skilledintheloreofthegods; -mögn,n.pl. divinepowers,deities (g. þau er þeir blótuðu).

goð-orð,n. dignityandauthorityofa goði (goðorð ok manna forráð).

goðorðs-lauss,a. withouta goðorð; -maðr,m. ownerofa goðorð; -mál,n. an action concerning a goðorð.

goð-vefr, m. = guðvefr.

goð-vegr, m. the way of the gods. goll, n. gold = gull.

gollurr, m. pericardium. gor, n. the cud in animals. gor-mánaðr,m. thefirstwinter-month (Oct.-Nov.).

gotnar, m. pl. poet. men. gotneskr, a. Gothic. góð-brjóstaðr,a. kind-hearted; -fengr,a. good-natured; -fúsliga,adv. willingly; -fúss,a. benevolent; -fýsi,f. goodness,good-will; -fýst,f. goodness,goodwill; -gipt,f. benefit,charitabledeed; -girnd,f.=góð-fýsi; -girni,f.=góðfýsi; -gjarn,a. benevolent,kind; -gjarnliga,adv. kindly; -gjarnligr,a. kind,

kindly; -gripr,m. costlything; -gæfliga,adv. gently; -gæt,f. goodentertainment; -gæti,n. dainty; -gørð,f. charity; -gørning,f.=góð-gørð; -gørningr, m. gooddeed,charity; -háttaðr,a. wellmannered; -hjartaðr, a. kind-hearted. góði, m. (1) good-will; (2) profit. góð-látr,a. good-natured; -leikr,m. goodness; -lifnaðr,m., -lífi,n. good life; -lyndi,n. goodnature; -lyndr,a. good-natured; -mannliga,adv. likea goodman; -mannligr,a. gentle; -menni,n. agood,gentleman; -mennsks,f. goodness,gentleness; -mennt,a.n. good people; -mótliga,adv. kindly,gently; -orðr, a. gentle in one’s words. góðr (góð, gott),a.(1) good,morally commendable (g.okréttlátrkonungr,góð kona);(2) good,honest (drengrg.);g.vili, good,honestintention;(3) kind,friendly; g.e-m, kindtowardsone;gottgengrþér til, thoumeanestwell;gottvarífrændsemiþeira, theywereongood terms;vilja e-mgott, towishonewell;(4) good,fine, goodly;g.hestr, finehorse;gottveðr, fine weather;meðgóðuföruneyti, withgoodly suite;góðrbeini, goodcheer,verðagott tile-s, togetplentyof;varþágotttilfjár okmannvirðingar, therewasamplewealth andfametoearn;g.afe-u or e-s, good, liberalwithathing;g.aftíðendum, good atnews,communicative;g.afhestinum, willingtolendthehorse;g.affé, openhanded; g. matar, free with his food. góð-ráðr,a. givinggoodcounsel; -ræði,n. goodness; -semi,f.=góð-fýsi; -verk,n. charitabledeed; -vild,f. kindness,good-will; -vili,m. kindness,goodwill; -viljaðr, a. benevolent. góðvilja-fullr,a. benevolent,kind; -maðr,m. benevolentman; -mikill,a.

full of good-will. góð-viljugr,a. kind; -virki,n.= -verk; -virkr,a. makinggoodwork; -vænliga,adv.=-vættliga; -vænligr, a. promisinggood; -vættliga,adv. amicably; -yrki,n.=-verk; -ættaðr,a. of good family. gói,f. themonth Goi(fromthemiddle ofFebruarytothemiddleofMarch); -beytill,m. aspeciesofhorse-tail(equisetum hyemale). gólf, n. (1) floor; (2) apartment. golf-stokkar,m.pl. floorbeams; -þili, n. deal floor. gó-ligr, a. fine, pretty (-lig orð). gómr (-s, -ar),m.(1) therooforfloorof themouth (efriorneðrig.);e-mberrmart ágóma, onetalksfreelyofmanythings; gætatunguíbáðagóma, tokeepguardon thetongue,speakwarily;(2) finger-tip (á hendi heitir fingr, nagl, gómr).

grand,n. hurt,injury (gera,vinna,e-m grand).

granda (að),v. toinjure,doharm (engi grandaði öðrum).

grand-lauss,a. guileless; -ligr,a. dangerous,injurious; -varr,a. guileless; -veri, f. guilelessness. granna, f. neighbour. granni, m. neighbour. grann-leikr,m. slenderness; -leitr, a. thin-faced; -ligr,a. slim,slenderof build (ungr ok grannligr á vöxt).

grannr, a. thin, slender. grann-vaxinn,pp. slender,slimoffigure (hár á vöxt ok g.).

gran-rauðr,a. red-bearded; -selr,m. beardedseal; -síðr,a. longbearded; -stœði,n. thebeardedpartoftheface,the upper lip.

graptar-dagr,m. burial-day; -kirkja,f. achurchwithaburyingground; -reitr, -staðr, m. burial-place. gras, n. grass, herbage, herb. grasaðr, pp. prepared with herbs. gras-dalr,m. grassydale; -garðr,m.

góm-sparri, m. gag. góz, n. goods, property. grað-fé, n. entire cattle. graðr, a. entire, not castrated. graðungr (-s, -ar), m. bull. grafa (gref; gróf, grófum; grafinn),v.(1) todig (g.gröf);g.torf, todigpeat;fig. toseekoutthesenseof (g.vísu);(2) toearth,bury (g.lík);(3) to carve,engrave (døkkrsteinníokgrafitá innsigli);(4) toinlay;fagráliti,semþá erfílsbeinergrafitíeik, aswhenivoryis setinoak;(5)impers. tosuppurate (lærit tókatg.bæðiuppiokniðri);(6)with preps.,g.ate-u,eptire-u, toinquireinto, trytoflndout;alsorefl.,grafasteptireu;g.niðr, todigdown;svákyrrsemhann værigrafinnniðr, asifhehadbeenrootedintheground;g.tile-s, todigfor (g. tilvatns);g.ume-t=g.eptire-u;gróf hannsváundirþeim,at, hesoundedthem so that; g. e-t upp, to find out. graf-alr, m. burin, graver. grafar-bakki,m. vergeofagrave; -gørð,f. diggingofagrave; -lœkr,m. a brook which has dug itself a deep bed. graf-silfr,n. hiddentreasure; -tól, n. pl. digging tools. gramendr, m. pl. the angry gods. gramr,a. wroth,angry (g.e-m); gramir,m.pl., gröm (viz. goð),n.pl. usedassubst., fiends,demons;(gramir munutakaþik);deiligrömviðþik, the fiends bandy words with thee. gramr (-s, -ir), m. king, warrior. grana-hár, n. whiskers (cf. ‘grön’).

garden; -geilar,f.pl. grassylanes; -gott,a.n. withgoodcropofgrass; -grœnn,a. grass-green; -lauss,a. grassless; -leysa,f. failureofgrass; -leysi, n. failureofgrass; -loðinn,a. thickwith grass; -loðna,f. grassyspot; -lægr,a. lyinginthegrass; -mikill,a. richin grass; -rœtr,f.pl. rootsofherbsorgrass; -sótt,f. grass-fever; -tó,f. grassyspot amongcliffs; -völlr,m. grassyfield; -vöxtr, m. growth of grass. grautar-díli,m. porridge-spot (onthe body); -ketill,m. porridge-pot; -sótt, f. ‘porridge-fever’; -trog,n. porridgetrough; -trygill,m. porridge-trough; -þvara, f. porridge-stick. grautr (gen. -ar), m. porridge. grá-bildóttr,a. withgrey-spotted cheeks,ofasheep; -björn,m. greybear, opp. to ‘hvítabjörn’; -blár, a. grey-blue. gráða, f. step; fig. degree. gráði, m. gentle breeze. gráði, m. step, degree = gráða.

gráðr, m. greed, hunger. gráðugr, a. greedy (g. ormr).

grá-eygr,a. grey-eyed; -gás,f. wild goose; -klæddr,pp. grey-clad; -kollóttr,a. greyandwithouthorns; -kufl,m. greycowl; -leikr,m. malice; -leitr,a. pale-looking; -liga,adv. withmalice; -ligr,a. malicious; -lyndr,a. spiteful, malicious; -munkr, m. grey friar. grána (að),v. tobecomegrey,fig. to grow rough (tekr at g. gamanit).

grán-stóð,n. studofgreyhorses; -variðr, pp. grey-coated (úlfar-varðir).

grár (grá, grátt),a.(1) grey (ígrám kyrtli);g.fyrirhærum, grey-haired;grátt silfr, badsilver;(2) spiteful,malicious;þó atíbrjóstigráttbúi, althoughbearing malice in the heart.

grá-rendr,a. grey-striped; -silfr,n. grey(bad)silver; -skinn,n. greyfur; -skýjaðr,a. coveredwithgreyclouds; -steinn,m. agreystone (tilgrásteins hins mikla).

gráta (græt; grét, grétum; grátinn),v.(1) toweep;g.hástöfum, to weepaloud;(2) tobewail,weepforone (þú grætr góðan mann).

grátan-ligr, a. tearful. grát-fagr,a. beautifulintears; -feginn, a. weeping for Joy. grátinn, pp. tearful. grát-ligr, a. pitiable, deplorable. grátr,m. weeping;setrgrátate-m, one bursts into tears. grát-raust,f. tearfulvoice; -stokkinn, pp. bathed in tears. grá-vara,f. greyfur (harmhafðifengit á fjallinu mikla grávöru).

grefta (-fta, -ft), greftra (að),v. to bury (greftraðr at fornum sið).

greiða (-dda, -ddr),v.(1) tounravel, disentangle,arrange;g.hár, tocombor dressthehair;greiddihónháritfráaugumsér, shestrokedbackthehairfromher eyes;(2) tomakeorgetready (g.segl);g. tilvað, togetreadyafishingline;g.til umvápn togettheweaponsready;(3) to speed,further (g.ferðe-s);refl.,greiddist honumvel, itspedwellwithhim,hegoton well;(4) topay (g.féafhendi);g.fram, topayout;(5) todischarge,perform;g. skírsluafhöndum, toperformtheordeal; g.vörð, tokeepwatch;g.róðr, topullat theoars;g.atróðr,g.tilatlögu, toattack (in a sea-fight); g. mál, to settle a case. greið-fara,a.indecl. walkingwith speed; -fœrr,a. passable,easytopass (þarvareigigreiðfœrt); -gengr,a.= -fœrr (eigi er hér -gengt).

greiði,m.(1) disentanglement,arrangement;geragreiðaámálinu, toputthecase right;skipaðistlítttilgreiðameðþeim, nothingwassettledbetweenthem;(2) entertainment,accomadation;gerae-m greiða, to give one entertainment. greið-liga,adv.(1) readily,promptly; (2) quite;greiðligaberr, completely stripped;(3) downright,actually (þóatengir menn bæri vápn á mik greið-liga).

greið-ligr,a.(1) ready,prompt;var söngrinneigigreiðligr, thesongdidnotgo smoothly; (2) clear, plain (greiðlig orð).

greið-mæltr, pp. of ready speech. greiðr (greiðgreitt),a.(1) clear, freefromobstacles (greiðleið,gata);(2) readytoserve (góðrokgreiðrviðallasína nágranna).

greið-skapr,m.(1) readiness,promptness; (2) entertainment. greiðsla, f. = greizla.

greið, m. earl, count. grein (pl. -ir),f.(1) branch (ofatree), division;(2) point,head,part (íöllum greinum);íannarrig., inthesecond place;(3) cause,reason;fyrirþág., therefore;(4) distinction;sjágreinhanda, to discernone’shands;geragreináe-u, to explain;(5) understanding,discernment; gløggrargreinar, sharpwitted;(6) dissent, discord (varðmarttilgreinameðþeim); valdfyrirutanallag., undisputed(absolute) power.

greina (-da, -dr),v.(1) todivideinto parts (veröldinvargreindíþrjárhálfur); (2) todiscern,distinguish (g.ganghimintungla);(3) toexpound,tell,record;sem áðrergreint, asistoldabove;semsíðarr greinir, aswillbetoldhereafter;(4)impers.,menn(acc.)greinirá, theydisagree,quarrel;(5)refl.,greinast, to

branchout,beseparated (svásemtungurnargreindust);g.áe-u,ate-u, todisagreeabout;impers.,tókatg.meðþeim kumpánum, they began to quarrel. greina-mikill, a. sensible, clever. greinar-laust,a.n.(1) indiscriminately;(2) unconditionally; -mál,n. reasonable case. greina-vænn,a. likelytocauseadifference or dissension. greini-liga,adv. distinctly; -ligr,a. distinct, clear. greining, f. distinction. greiningar-vit, n. discernment. greip (pl. greipr),f. thespacebetween thethumbandtheotherfingers (komblóð áhöndþóriokrannuppágreipina);fig., koma,gangaígreipre-m, tofallintoone’s clutches. greizla, f. payment, discharge. gremi, f. wrath, anger. gremja (grem, gramda, gramit),v. toanger,provoke,exasperate (gremdueigi goðatþér);refl.,gremjaste-m, tobeangry with. gren (gen.pl. grenja),n. lairofafox or wolf (sem melrakki í greni). grenja (að), v. to howl, bellow. grenjan, f. howling, bellowing. grennast (d), v. refl. to become thin. grennd, f. vicinity. grennslast (að), v. refl. to inquire. gren-skolli, m. a fox in its earth. grepp-ligr, a. frowning, ugly. greppr (-s, -ar),m.(1) poet,scald;(2) doughty man. grepta, greptra, see grefta, greftra. gres-járn, n. iron wire. gretta (-tta, -tt),v.,g.sik or grettast, to frown, make a wryface. grettis-haf, -tak, n. Grettir’s lift.

grey (gen.pl. greyja),n.(1) bitch;(2) paltry fellow, coward. grey-baka, f. = grey (1) bitch. greyfa (-ða, -ðr),v. tobenddownwith the face to the ground. grey-hundr,m. bitch; -menneks,f. paltriness, meanness.

greypa (-ta, -tr), v. to groove. greypi-liga,adv. fiercely; -ligr,a. fierce, fearful. greyp-leikr,m. fierceness; -ligr,a.= greypiligr.

greypr, a. fierce, fearful. grey-skapr,m.=-mennska; -stóð,n. pack of hounds. grið,n.(1) domicile,home;(2)pl. truce, peace,pardon,quarter;selkg.: tomake truce;segjaísundrgriðum todissolvethe truce;lífsg.oklima, safetyforlifeand limbs;beiða(sér)griða, tosueforquarter; beiðagriðaBaldrifyrirallskonarháska, toseekprotectionforB.againstallkinds ofharm;gefae-mg., togiveonequarter; ganga til griða, to accept pardon. griða-brek,n.pl. breachoftruce; -gjöf,f. grantingtruce; -lauss,a. withouttruce,truceless; -mark,n. signof truce; -mál,n.pl. truceformularies; -rof,n.pl. breachoftruce; -setning,f. truce-making; -staðr,m. sanctuary,asylum.

grið-bítr, m. = -níðingr. griði, m. servant. griðka,f., grið-kona,f. housemaid, female servant. grið-maðr, m. male servant. grið-mál,n.pl.=griðamál; -níðingr, m. truce-breaker; -sala,f. agranting truce; -samr, a. peaceful. griðungr (-s, -ar), m. = graðungr. grið-vist, f. lodging, home.

grikkir (gen. -ja), m. pl. Greeks. grikk-land,n. Greece; grikklandshaf, n. the Grecian Archipelago. grikkska, f. Greek (language). grikkskr, a. Greek, = girskr. grimmast (d and að),v. tochafe,befurious (g. móti guði). grimmd,f.(1) grimness,fierceness;(2)= grimmdarfrost. grimmdar-frost,n. bitingfrost; -hugr, m. hostile mind. grimm-eygr,a. fierce-eyed; -hugaðr, a. inagrimhumour; -leikr,m. savageness,cruelly; -ligs,adv. fiercely;hefna grimmliga, totakeafearfulrevenge; -ligr,a. fierce,fearful; -lundaðr,a. of grim temper. grimmr,a.(1) grim,stern,dire;gráta grimmumtárum, toweepbittertears;g. dómr, severejugement;(2) wroth;svávar hóngrimmorðinBrjánikonungri,at, she hated him so much, that. grimm-úðigr,a. ferocious,fierce (-úðigr í skapi).

grind (pl. grindr and grindir),f.(1) agatemadeofsparsorbars,afence;(2) pl. pen,fold (fébyrgtígrindum);fullar grindir, full-stockedfolds;(3) haven,dock (liggjaígrindum, ofships);(4) store-houses.

grind-hlið, n. barred gate. gripa-auðigr,a. richinprecious things; -gjald,n. paymentinprecious things; -kists,f. jewelchest; -taka,f. seizure of property. grip-deild, f. robbery, rapine. gripr (-ar, -ir),m.(1) costlything; valuabletreasure,property;(2) value,money’sworth;ennþriðjahlutáhann,þann ermikillg.erí, thatisofgreatvalue;epli þau,erhennimunugripiríþykkja, ap-

ples which she will think of great value. gripr, m. vulture (rare).

gríðr (gen. -ar), f. giantess. gríma,f.(1) akindofcoveringforthe faceorthehead,amaskorcowl (hafagrímufyrirandliti,áhöfðisér);(2) armour coveringahorse’sheadandbreast;(3) beak (on a ship); (4) night (poet.). grímu-maðr,m. amaskedordisguised man.

grípa (gríp; greip, gripurn; gripinn),v.(1) tograsp,seize (hanngreip sverðsittáskjöld);(2) toseizeupon (g. gózfyrirmönnum);(3)withpreps.,g.á e-u, tocatchholdof (H.greipástafni);g. ákýlinu, totouchuponasoreplace;g.til e-s, toseize (g.tilsverðsins);greiphundrinntilhans, thedogsnappedathim;g. upp, tocatchup (Lokigreipuppmikla stöng);g.viðorði, tocommencespeaking. grísa-sýr, f. a sow with pigs. gríss (gen. gríss,pl. grísir),m.(1) young pig; (2) hog. grjár, a. grey (poet., rare).

grjót,n. stones;verðaatgrjóti, tobe turnedintostones;berag.áe-n,berjae-n grjóti, to stone one. grjót-berg,n. quarry; -björg,n.pl. rocks; -burðr,m.throwing ofstones; -flaug,f. stoneshower; -flutning,f. conveyanceofstones; -hlað,n. stonewall; -hóll,m. stonemound,stoneheap; -hríð,f. showerofstones; -hörgr,m.= -hóll; -kast,n. throwingstones; -klettr,m. boulder; -ligr,a. stony,flinty; -möl,f. gravel,pebbles; -páll,m. inthe phrase,veragrjótpállfyirire-u, tobethe chiefsupporter(mainstay)of; -skriða,f. stone-slip; -smiðr,m. stone-mason; -varti,m. cairnofstones; -veggr,m. stone wall.

gróa (grœr, greri, gróinn),v.(1) togrow(ofvegetation);jörðgrœr, earth grows;þávargrundgróingrœnumlauki, thegroundwascoveredwithgreenherbs; (2) togrowtogether,becomejoinedto (höfuðkonungsvargróitviðbolinn);(3) of wounds,tobehealed (sárhansgreru seint);Ingólfrláísárumvetrþenna,ok greriyfiratkalla, hiswoundswerehealed inaway; oftheperson,gróinnsárasinna, healedofone’swounds;g.umheilt, tobe quitehealed;fig. tobereconciled (grœr um heilt með þeim).

gróði, m. growth, increase. gróðr (gen. -rar,pl. -rar),m. growth, crop (blóta til gróðrar).

gróðrar-ligr, a. fertile; healing. gróðr-samr,a. fertile; -setja (see setja),v. toplant; -vænligr,a. healing (-vænlig smyrsl).

gróf, f. pit. gróm-lauss, a. free from shot. grómr, m. blot, dirty spot. grufla (að), v. to grovel an all-fours. gruggóttr, a. muddy, turbid. gruna (að),v.(1) tosuspect,mistrust (Grettirgrunaðihann);veragrunaðrum e-t, tobesuspectedof;(2) todoubt (ekki grunumvérillviljayðvarn);(3) tosuppose,guess (grunaek,atfjölmennimuni fyrir);(4)impers.,mikgrunare-t or um e-t, I suspect, doubt. grunan, f. suspecting, suspicious. grun-brusligr,a. suspicious-looking (þú ert g. maðr).

grund (pl. -ir),f. greenfield,grassy plain (í grundinni hjá þverá).

grunda (að), v. to meditate on. grundan, f. meditation. grundr,m. inquiry;gefa(grafa)grund at e-u, to inquire into.

grund-valla (að),v. tofound; -völlr, m. groundforabuilding (marka-völltil húss,kirkju); foundation;reisahúsaf -velli, to make a building from the ground. grun-lauss,a. unsuspecting;trúaguði -laust, toputabsolutefaithinGod;vera -laussafe-u, tobeunsuspected,abovesuspicion; -maurar,m.pl.,onlyinthe phrase, e-n bíta -maurar, one suspects. grunn,n. shallow,shoal;róaág., torun a ground. grunn-eygðr,a. goggle-eyed; -fall, n. abreakeronashoal; -fastr,a. fast aground; -fœri,n.pl. anchor-tackle.cable;dragaupp-fœri, toweighanchor; -hygginn,a. shallow-minded,silly; -hygni,f. silliness; -lettr,a. thin-faced. grunnr (-s, -ar),m. bottom (ofseaor water);tilgrunns,tilgrunna, downtothe bottom;gangaágrunn, tocometoanend (fig.).

grunnr (grynnri, grynnstr),a. shallow;standagrunnt, tobeshallow (vinitta okkur stendr grunnt).

grunn-stiglaðr,pp. hardfrozen; -sæi,f. simplicity,credulity; -sæliga, adv. foolishly; -sæligr,a. foolish; -sær, a. shallow-witted,foolish; -sævi,n. shallowwater; -úðigr,a. shallow-minded; -ýðigr, f. shallowness of mind, credulity. grunr (-ar, -ir),m. suspicion,doubt, uncertainty (e-mergrunráe-u);grafa gruná(ume-t), tosuspect;hafagruná e-mume-t, tosuspectoneofathing;emleikrgrunráume-t, onefeelssuspiciousaboutathing;dragagruniáume-t, toconceiveasuspicionof;rennagrunum á.e-t, todoubt,toguessat;búaumgrun, tobesuspected;umgrun, byguile (sem þetta væri eigi um grun gört).

grun-samligr,a. suspicous-looking;

-samr,a. suspected (hafae-n-saman); -semd, f. suspicion. grunsemdar-lauss,a. freefromsuspicion.

grúfa (-ða, -t),v. togrovel,tocower orcrouchdown (hanngrúfðiateldinum; þeir grúfa í skjöldu sina).

grúfa,f.,inthephrase,liggjaágrúfu, to lie face down, on one’s belly. gryfja, f. hole, pit. grynna (-ti, -t),v.impers. tobecome shallower;grynnirdalinn, thedalebecame lessdeep;refl.,grynnast=grynna(þáer grynntist yfir at landinu).

grýfi-liga, adv. hideously. grýjandi, f. dawn (rare).

grýla,f.(1) giantess;(2) bug-bear (ekki hirði ek um grýlur yðrar).

grýta (-tta, -ttr),v.(1) tostoneoneto death (g.e-níhel,tilbana);(2)g.áe-n, at e-m, to pelt one with stones. grýta, f. pot. grýting, f. stoning (to death).

grýttr, a. stony. grýtu-ker, n. earthen pot. græð, f. malice, hostility (= gráleikr).

græðgi, f. greediness, gluttony. græska, f. malice (= græð).

grœða (-dda, -ddr),v.(1) tomake grow;(2) toheal (g.sar,g.sjóka);(3) toincrease;g.fé, tomakemoney;refl., vindrinngrœddist, thewindincreased; grœðiste-mfé,peningar onemakesmoney.

grœðari, m. healer, saviour. grœði-ligr, a. healable. grœðing,f.(1) growth,increase (byrr varígrœðingu);(2) healing,cure (g.sótta; andlig g.).

grœfr, a. fit to be buried. grœnast (-d),v. tobecomegreen

(grœnist jörð).

grœn-fainn, a. green-stained.

grœn-leikr, m. greenness, verdure.

grœn-lendingr, m. Greenlander.

grœn-lenzkr,a. oforbelongingto Greenland (Grœnland).

grœnn,a.(1) green (g.semgras);(2) fresh (g.fiskr);(3) goodfit;sámunnú grœnstr (themosthopefulchoice) atsegja satt.

grœn-tó,f. tuftofgrass; -tyrfa (-ða, -ðr), v. to cover with green turf.

grœta (-tta, -ttr),v. tomakeone weep, distress one; grœttr, grieved.

grœti, n. pl. tears, sorrow.

grœti-ligr, a. lamentable, sad.

grœtir,m. onewhomakesanotherweep (gýgjar g.).

gröf (gen. grafar;pl. grafir and grafar),f.(1) pit,ditch (grafag.);(2) grave;þatmeinleiddihanntilgrafar, caused his death. gröftr (gen. graftar and graftrar, dat. grefti and greftri),m.(1) digging (veraatgrefti);(2) burial,interment;veitae-mgröft, tobury;(3) tomb;(4) carving.

grön (gen. granar,pl. granar),f.(1) thehairontheupperlip,moustache (svá ungr,ateigimung.sprottin);(2) lip; legðumunnviðg., laythymouthtohis lips;e-mbregðrváfyrirg., oneisstartled, alarmed;bregðagrönum, todrawbackthe lips, grin; in pl. the lips of a cow or bull. grön (gen. granar), f. pine-tree. gröptr (gen. graptar), m. = gröftr. grösugr, a. grassy, grass-grown. guð, m. (and n.), God. guðdóm-ligr, a. god-like, divine. guð-dómr,m. godhead,divinity; -dóttir,f. god-daughter; -faðir,m. godfa-

ther; -gefmn,pp. givenbyGod,inspired; -hræddr,a. godfearing; -hræzla,f. fear ofGod; -lasta (að),v. toblaspheme; -lastan,f. blasphemy; -latr,a. ungodly; -leysi,n. godlessness; -ligr,a. godlike, divine; -magn,n.=goðmagn; -níðingr, m. traitor to God, apostate, renegaade. guðniðing-skapr, m. apostasy. guð-réttligr,a. righteous; -rækiligr,a. ungodly; -rækr,a. ungodly; -rœkiliga,adv. piously; -rœkinn,a. pious; -sifi (gen. -sifja),m. ‘gossip’godfather; -sifjar,f.pl. spiritualrelationship,sponsorship;veitae-m-sifjar, tobeasponsor (godfather) to. guðs-lög,n.pl. thecanonlaw (halda -lög ok landsins).

guð-spjall,n. gospel; -spjalligr,a. evangelical. guðvefjar-klæði,n.pl. asuitof clothesmadeof guðvefr; -kyrtill,m., -skikkja, f. kirtle of guðvefr. guð-vefr,m. acostlyfabicusedforgarments, etc.; ? velvet. gufa, f. vapour, steam. gugna (að), v. to lose heart, quail. gul, n. gentle breeze, = gol. gula, f. (1) = gola; (2) = gulusótt. gul-brúnaðr, a-yellow-brown; -grár, a. yellow-grey; -grœnn,a. yellow-green (í gulgrœnum kyrtli).

gull, n. (1) gold; (2) = fingrgull. gull-aldr,m. goldenage; -auðigr,a. richingold; -auðr,m. wealthingold; -band,n. goldenhead-band; -baugr,m. goldring; -bitlaðr,a. golden-bitted; -bitull,m. bit(bridle)ofgold; -bjartr, a. brightasgold; -bóka (að),v. toembroideringold; -bóla,f.(1) goldboss; (2) goldenbull (bullaaurea); -brynja,f. goldencoatofmail; -búinn,pp. orna-

gullin-bursti G gylling

mentedwithgold; -bollr,m. goldenball; -dálkr,m. goldpin; -festr,f. gold chain; -fjallaðr,pp. embroideredin gold; -gódr,a. ofpuregold; -górr,a. madeofgold; -hagr,a. skilledinworking gold; -hálsar,m.pl. gold-necks, lordlings; -hárr,a. golden-haired; -hella,f. barofgold; -hjalt,n. goldhill; -hjálmr,m. goldenhelmet; -hlað,n. goldlace (esp.totieupthehairwith); -hlaðinn,pp. lacedwithgold; -hringr, m.goldring; -hús,n.jewel-chest; -hyrndr, a. golden-horned. gullin-bursti,m. gold-mane; -hjalti,m. golden-hilt (aswordwitha hilt of gold); -kambi, m. gold comb. gullinn, a. golden. gull-knappr,m. goldbutton; gold knob; -knútr,m. goldknot; -kóróna,f. goldencrown; -leggja (seeleggja),v. to lacewithgold; -ligr,a. golden,ofgold; -mál,n. inlaidfigureofgold; -men,n. goldnecklace; -miðlandi,m. distributor ofvgold; -nisti,n. goldpin; -ofinn,pp. gold-woven; -rekinn,pp. inlaidwithgold (-rekitspjót); -rendr,a. gold-striped; -ritinn,pp. writteningold; -roðinn, pp. gilt; -saumaðr,pp. embroideredwith gold; -settr,pp. gold-mounted; -skillingr,m. goldshilling; -skotinn, pp. wovenwithgold; -skór,m. goldshoe; -smeittr,pp., -smeltr,pp. gold-enamelled (ofashield); -smiðr,m. goldsmith; -smíð,f. goldsmith’swork,workingin gold; -spánn,m.(1) goldornament (on ships);(2) goldspoon; -sproti,m. gold sceptre; -stafaðr,pp. gold-striped; -stafr,m. goldenletter; -steindr,pp. gilt; -stöng,f. barofgold; -stylgja,f. goldbrooch; -tafla,f. goldenpiece (used inplaying); -teinn,m. goldenrod;

-vafiðr,pp. woundwithgold; -veggr, m. goldenwall; -viðjar,f.pl. goldwithies; -vöndr, m. golden wand. gulr, a. yellow (gult silki).

gul-rendr, a. gold-striped. gulu-sótt, f. jaundice. gumi (pl. gumar), m. man (poet.). gumnar,m.pl. men(poet.);gumna synir, the sons of men. gumpr, m. bollom, fundament. gumsa (að), v. to scoff at, mock. gunnar-fúss, -gjarn,a. eagerforbattle.

gunn-fáni,m. ‘gonfarron’,war-banner; processional banner. gunn-heilagr,a. invulnerable; -hvatr, a. warlike. gunnr (gen. -ar,dat.andacc. -i),f. war, battle (poet.).

gunn-tamiðr, pp. used to war. guss,n. fuss; gussa (að),v. tomake fuss and noise. gusta (að), v. to blow in gusts. gust-illir,a. havingfoulbreath; -kaldr,a. gusty,chilly (veðritvar gustkalt); -mikill, a. gusty. gustr, m. (1) gust; (2) smell. gyðinga-land,n. Palestine; -skirn,f. circumcision. gyðing-ligr, a. Jewish. gyðingr (-s, -ar), m. Jew. gyðja, f. (1) goddess; (2) priestess. gylfi, m. prince, king (poet.). gylfra,f.(1) ogresswitch;(2)erþat helztviðorði,atgylfrumgangivinittan, itisrumouredthatyourfriendshipisall gone to the dogs. gylla (-da, -dr and -ta, -tr),v. to gild; g. hóli, to flatter. gylling,f.(1) gilding;(2)pl. vainpraise (fara með glyllingar).

gylta, f. young sow. gyltr, f. young sow. gymbill, m. he-lamb. gymbr (gen. -rar), f. ewe-lamb.

gyrða (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) togird (witha belt);g.sik, togirdoneself,fastenone’s belt (cf.gyrðríbrœkr);g.sikmeðsverði, togirdonasword;(2) togirth (g.hest,g. söðul).

gyrðill,m.(1) girdle;(2) purse (honlét féit í gyrðilinn).

gyrja, v. to stain with blood. gys,n., gyss,m. mocking;geragysateu, to mock at a thing. gyzki, m. wonder (rare).

gýgr (gen. -jar,pl. -jar),f. giantess, hag (þar bjó ein gýgr).

gæfa,f. goodluck;beragæfutile-s, to have luck in a thing.

gæfr,a. quiet,meek;þatermérokgæfast, that is most pleasant to me.

gæfu-drjúgr,a. lucky; -fátt,a.n.,emer-fátt, onehaslittleluck; -hlutr, m. shareofgoodluck; -lauss,a. luckless; -leysi,n. lucklessness; -maðr,m. lucky man; -mannligr,a. asaluckyman; -mikill,a. havinggreatluck; -munr,m. differenceinluck; -raun,f. trialofluck; -samliga,adv. luckily; -samligr,a. lucky; -skipti,n. turnorchangeofluck; -skortr,m. wantofluck; -vant,a.n. wanting in luck.

gægjast (ð),v.refl. tobendeagerlyforward and peep. gær,adv.onlywiththeprep.í;(1) yesterday (varaþatnúnéígær);(2)poet. tomorrow (þótt nú eðr gær deyjum). gæra, f. sheepskin with the wool on. gær-dagr,m. yesterday; -kveld,n. yesterday evening. gæta (-tta, -tt),v.(1) towatch,take

careof,guard,withgen.;g.skóklæðaes, totakecareofone’sshoes;g.duraí höllinni, toguardthedoorofthehall;g. kúa,hesta, totendcows,horses;g.dóma, toobservejustice;g.ráðsins, totakeheed totheadvice;g.tile-s, tomind,takecare of,attendto (svágættuþeirtil,atekki varðat);(2)refl.,okumþatgættust, and took counsel together. gæti-liga, adv. heedfully. gætinn, a. heedful, wary. gætir, m. keeper, warder. gætti,n. door-frame,doorpost;hurð var á g., the door was ajar. gætur,f.pl.,hafag.áe-u,gefag.ateu, to take care of, mind. gæzla, f. watch, keeping. gæzlu-engill,m. guardianangel; -lauss,a. unguarded; -maðr,m. keeper; -sótt,f. anillnesswhichinvolveswatching over the patient.

gœða (-dds, -ddr),v.(1) toendow,enrich (g.e-nféokvirðingu);(2) toincrease;g.rás,ferð, toquickenthepace;g. róðrinn, toquickenthestroke,pullquicker;addingtheprep.á;svámikitgœddi þettaá, itincreasedsomuch,wenttosuch apitch;varþánökkuruheimskarienáðr, efámáttig., sillier,ifpossible,thanbefore.

gœða-lauss,a. voidofgoodthings,barren (gœðalaust land).

gœði,n.pl. goodorprofitablethings, boons, emoluments.

gœðingr (-s, -ar),m. nobleman,chief (konungr ok hans gœðingar).

gœl, n. = gœlingar-orð.

gœla (-da, -dr),v. tocomfort,soothe (verð á mik gœla).

gœling,f. soothing; gœlingar-orð, n. pl. soothing words.

gœzka,f.(1) goodness,kindness;(2) good things (= gœði).

gœzku-fullr,a. fullofgoodness,merciful; -lauss,a. merciless; -samligr,a. good, kind; -verk, n. charitable deed.

göfga (að),v.(1) toworship (g.goð); (2) to honour (g. dróttins-dag).

göfgan,f. worshipping; göfgari,m. worshipper.

göfug-kvendi,n. noblewoman,lady; -látr,a. worshipful,generous; -leikr, m. worshipfullness,highness; -ligr,a.(1) worshipful,noble-looking;(2) magnificent (-ligrstaðr); -menni,n. noble,worshipful man; -mennr,a. withmanyworshipful men.

göfugr (göfgari, göfgastr),a. noble, worshipful (g. at kyni).

gøgn, gøgnum, see ‘gegn, gegnum’.

göltr (gen. galtar,dat. gelti;pl. geltir), m. boar, hog.

göng,n.pl. passage (órkastalavóru göng upp í kirkju).

göngu-drykkja,f. drinking-bout; -fœri,n.=gang-fœri; -fœrr,a. ableto walk; -kona,f.vagrantwoman; -líð,n. (1) footmen, infantry; (2) help, assistance. göngull, a. running much about. göngu-maðr,a. beggar,vagrant; -mannliga,adv. beggar-like,beggarly; -sveinn,m. vagrant,tramp; gør,n.poet. flock. gøra, gørva (-ða, -ðr,and görr),v. (1) tomake,construct,build (g.hússkip, haug);g.bók, towriteabook;(2) tosetin order,prepare,perform,&c.;g.veizlu, to makeabanquet;g.seið,blót, toperform asacrifice;g.ferð, tomakeajourney;g. ráðsitt, tomakeupone’smind;g.ráðmeð e-m, totakecounselwith,adviseone;(3) tocontract (g.vináttu,félagskap);(4) to

grant,render;g.kost, togiveachoice;(5) withacc.ofanadj.;g.siklíkane-m, to makeoneselfliketo,imitateone;g.sik reiðan, totakeoffence;g.skjót-kørit, to makeaquickchoice;(6) todo,act;g.gott (illt), todogood(evil);hefirhannmarga hlutigörtstór-veltilmin, Ihavereceived manygreatbenefitsathishands;g.e-m gagn, togivehelptoone;(7) todo,avail; þatmunekkig., thatwon’tdo;ekkigørir atdylja, itisnousedenyingit;(8) tosend, dispatch (hanngørðiþegarmennfrásér); (9) tobeget (afhennigørðihannhinn fyrstasoninn);(10) tojudgeorarbitrate inacase (=g.ummál); tofixtheamount ofafine (gørðiNjállhundraðsilfrs);g. sére-t, toadjudgetooneself;(11)withinfin.asanauxiliaryverb;efhóngørðikoma, ifshedidcome;gørðithónhjúfra, shedidnotwail;(12)impers. onebecomes; hanngørðifölvan, heturnedpale;veðr gørðihvast, agalearose;briðmiklagørði atþeim, theywereovertakenbyastorm; mérgørirsvefnhöfugt Igrowsleepy;(13) withpreps.,g.mikitafsér, todistinguish oneself;g.e-tafe-m, toextort(take)from one;g.e-tafviðe-n, towrongaperson, transgressagainstone (ekhefienganhlut afgørtviðþik);g.góðan(mikinn)rómat málie-s, tocheer(praise)another’sspeech; g.ate-u, tomend,putright (tekrbann knífokgøriratskónum); toheal (kannt þúnókkutg.atslíkummeinum);hann gørðiþateinaat,erhannátti, hedidonly whatheought;slíktgørirat,ersölinetr, soithappenswhenoneeatsseaweed;g. atskapie-s, toconformtoone’swishes; g.atálitum, totakeintoconsideration;g. sérúgetitate-u, tobedispleasedwith;g. áhlutae-s, towrongone,doharmto;g. fáleikaásik, tomakeoneselflooksad;g.

eptire-m, tosendforone;g.e-teptir, to imitate;g.ráðfyrire-u, tosuppose;g.sér mikit(lítit)fyrir, tomakegreat(small)efforts;g.sére-thug, toresolve,plan;g. sérgotthug, tobeeasyinmind;g.milli (ám.)e-m, todecidebetween;g.tilerra, tomakepreparationsfor;g.e-ttil, toprepare,makeready,dressmeat;g.til e-s, todeserveathing;hvathafðirþú tilgört, whathadstthoudonetodeserve it?;g.sœmdirtile-s, toconferhonouruponone;g.tilsakaviðe-n, totransgress againstone;g.ummál, toarbitrateina case (þærurðumálalyktir,atÞórdrskyldi g.um);g.mikitumsik, tomakeagreat noise;g.sérmikitume-t, tomakemuch of,admire;g.upp, torebuild,restore (g. upphús,skála);g.e-nupp, toupsetone; g.e-nútan, tobanish,exile (Flosivar görrútan);g.e-tviðe-n, todowithone (þávarumrœtt,hvatviðþáskyldig.); g.viðe-u, toprevent;(14)refl.,gørast, tobecome,arise (þágørðisthlátr);sáatburðrgørðist, itcametopass;gørðistmeð þeimfélagskapr, theyenteredintofellowship;gørastkonungr, tobecomeking;svá gørðist,at, itsohappened,that;impers., næstagøristmérkynligt, Ifeelratheruneasy;gørastferðarsinnar, tosetoutfora journey;withinfin.,árvarþaterGuðrún gørðistatdeyja, wasnightodeath;g.í, to occur,happen (sögduþeirkonungi,hvatí hafðigörzt);g.tile-s, tosetaboutdoing (þessirmennhafagörzttilsvámikils stórrœðis).

gör-bœnn,a. begginghard,impotunate (gørast g. við e-n).

gørð,f.(1) making,building;(2) doing, act,deed;orðokgørðir, wordsanddeeds; (3) arbitration,award;leggjamálíg., to submitacasetoarbitration;takamenntil

gørðar, tochooseumpires;segja or lúka upp g., to deliver the arbitration. gørðar-maðr, m. umpire. gør-farinn,pp. quitegone,quitelost; -hugall, a. very heedful, mindful. görla, adv. quite, fully (vita g.).

görn (pl. garnar and garnir), f. gut. görning, f. doing, deed. gørninga-hrið,f. astormraisedby witchcraft; -maðr, m. sorcerer. gørningar, f. pl. witchcraft, sorcery. gørninga-sótt,f. sicknesscausedby sorcery; -stakkr,m. enchantedjacket; -veðr, n. = -hrið; -vættr, f. witch. gørningr, m. = gørning. gøróttr,a. poisonous (g.erdrykkrinn, ái!).

görr, gørr, gerr (acc. görvan),a. andpp.(1) skilled,accomplished (velat sérg.);leggjagörvahöndáe-t, totobe anadept,amasterinathing;(2) ready, willing (g.gullatbjóða).withgen.,g.ills hugar, pronetoevil skulutþessgörvir, be readyforthat! (3)svágört, sodone,so; verðamennþatsvágörtathafa, itmust be so at svá görvu, this being the case. gørr,adv.compar., gørst,adv.superl. more, most fully. gør-ræði,n. arbitraryact; -samliga, adv. altogether, quite. gør-semi, -simi (pl. -semar),f. costly thing, jewel, treasure; -simligr, a. costly. gør-tœki,n. unlawfulseizureofanother man ’ s property. gørva, v. = gera, gøra. görva (gørva, gerva),adv. quite, clearly;munag., torememberclearly;ef þúg.kannar, ifthousearchclosely cf. gørr, gørst.

görv-allr, a. entire, whole. gørvi (pl. gørvar),f. gear,apparel;

-búr, n. store-house. gørvi-leikr,m. accomplishments; -ligr, a. accomplished, doughty. götu-breidd,f. breadthofaroad; -leysi,n. pathlesstract; -nisti,n. pro-

visionsforajourney; -skarð,n. adefile with a path through it. götva (að), v. to bury. götvaðr, m. slayer (?).

Hhadda, f. pot-hook, pot-handle. hadd-bjartr,a. light-haired,=bjarthaddaðr; -blik, n. bleaching the hair. haddr (-s, -ar), m. a lady’s hair. haðna, f. a young she-goat. haf,n. thesea,esp. thehighsea,ocean; sigla(láta)íh.,siglaáh.út, toputtosea; hann dó í hafi, he died at sea. haf, n. lifting (úlíkligr til hafs). hafa (hefi; hafða, höfðum; hafðr),v.(1) tohave (þeirhöfðusjau skipokfleststór);h.elda, tokeepup afive;(2) tohold,celebrate (h.vinaboð, blót,þing);(3) tokeep,retain (rifuþær vefinnísundr,okhafðihverrþaterhélt á);(4) touse (tvauneterurý,okhafaeigi höfðverit);orðþausemhannhafðium haft, whichhehadmadeuseof;h.fagrmæliviðe-n, toflatterone;h.hljóðmæli viðe-n, tospeaksecretlytoone;h.tvimæli áe-u, tospeakdoubtfullyofathing;h. viðrmæliume-t, tousemockingwords; hannvarmjökhafðrviðmálmanna, muchusedto,versedin,lawsuits;(5) to have,hold,maintain;h.vináttuviðe-n, tomaintainfriendshipwithone;h.hættumikit, torunagreatrisk;h.heilindi, to havegoodhealth;(6) tobring,carry;h.enheimmeðsér, tobringonehome;hann hafðilög,úthingatórNoregi, hebrought lawshitherfromNorway;h.sik (tobetake oneself) tilannaralanda;(7) totake,carry off;trollhafiþik, thetrollstakethee;(8)

toget,gain,win;hannhafðieigisvefn, hegotnosleep;hefirsájafnan,erhættir, hewinsthatventures;h.gagn,sigr, to gainvictor;h.meirahlut, togettheupper hand,gaintheday;h.betr(verr), toget thebetter(worse)ofit;h.sittmál, towin one’ssuit;h.tafl, towinthegame;h.erendi, todoone’serrand,succeed;h.bana, to sufferdeath,todie;h.sigr, tobeworsted; h.góðarviðtökur, tobewellreceived;h. tíðindiafe-m, togettidingsof,orfrom, one;h.sœmd,óvirðingafe-m, togethonour,disgracefromone;withgen.,h.esekki, tofailtocatchone (hannkemst áskógundan,okhöfðuþeirhansekki); ekkimunuvérhansh.atsinni, weshall notcatchhimatpresent;(9) towearcarry (clothes,weapons);hannhafðiblánkyrtil, heworeabluekirtle;h.kylfuíhendisér, tohaveaclubinone’shand;(10) tobehave,do,orfare,soanso esp.with anadv.;h.vel,illa,vetr, tobehave(do) well,badly,beworse;hafasikvel, tobehave;hafavel, tobewellofforhappy;h. hart, tobeinawretchedplight;(11)with infin.,h.atvarðveita, tohaveinkeeping atselja, tohaveonsale;löghafiðþérat mæla, youareright;(12)h.e-nnære-u, to exposeoneto (þúhafðirsvánærhaftoss úfœru);h.nære-u, tocomenearto,esp. impers.;nærhafðiokkrnú, itwasanarrowescape;svánærhafðihausinum,at, theshotsonearlytouchedthehead,that; okernærhafði,skipitmundifljóta, when theshipwasonthepointofflloating;(13) asanauxiliaryverb,intheearliesttime withthepp.oftransitiveverbsinacc.; hefirþúhamarumfólginn, hastthouhiddenthehammer?;ekhefisendanmann, I havesentaman;laterwithindecl.neut. pp.;hefirþúeigisétmik, hastthounot

hafandi

seenme?;(14)withpreps.;h.e-tat, to do,act;hanntókafþérkonuna,enþú hafðirekkiat, butthoudidstnotstir,didst takeittamely;absol.,viltuþessfreista, okvitahvatathafi, wiltthoutryandsee whathappens?;h.e-tathlífiskildi(skotspœni), touseasashield(asatarget);h. e-nháði,hlátri, tomock,laughat;h.e-t atengu,vettugi, toholdfornaught,take nonoticeof;h.sakiráe-n havecharges againstone;h.árás, totaketoone’sheels, runoff;h.e-teptir, todoorrepeatathing afterone;h.e-tfram, toproduce (vápn þorgilsvóruframhöfð); tocarryout,hold forth;h.málfram, toproceedwithasuit; varumbúit,ekkiframhaft, allwasmade readybutnothingdone;h.e-tframmi,í frammi, touse,makeuseof (h.íframmi kúgan);okölllögmætskilframmihafa, anddischargeallonofficialduties;h.e-t fyrirsatt, toholdfortrue;eigiemekþar fyrirsönnuhafðr, Iamnottrulyaimedfor that,itisafalsecharge;h.e-nfyrirsökum ume-t, tochargeonewith;h.íhótumvið e-n, tothreatenone;h.e-tmeðhöndum, tohaveinhand;höfumeiaisigrinnór hendi, letnotvictoryslipoutofourhands; h.órviðe-n, tobehavesoandsotowards one (hefirþúillaórhaftviðmik);h.ettile-s tousefor (höfðuþeirtilvarnar skotokspjót); tobeareasonorground for;vérhyggjumþattilþesshaftvera,at þarhafimennsézt, webelievethefoundationofthestoryisthatmenhavebeen seenthere;h.mikit(lítit)tilsínsmáls, to havemuch(little)insupportofone’scase; h.e-ttil, tohaveathand,possess;orðþau, semhannhafðiumhaft, thewordswhich hehadused;keisarihafðifáttum, didnot saymuch;h.e-nundir, togetoneunder, subdueone;h.e-tuppi, totake(heave)

up (h.uppifœri,net);Skarpheðinnhafði uppiøxina, S.heaveduptheaxe;h.flokk uppi, toraiseaparty,torebel;h.uppitafl, toplayatagame;h.e-nuppi, tobring onetolight;h.uppirœður, tobeginadiscussion;h.e-túti, tohavedone,finished (h.útisittdagsverk);h.viðe-m, tobe amatchforone;h.sikvið, toexertoneself;h.mikit(lítit)við, tomakeagreat (little)display;hannsöngmessuokbafði mikitvið, andmademuchofit;hannbad jarlleita,bannhafðilítitviðþat, hedid itlightly;hafekkislíktvið, donotsayso; hafþúlítitviðateggjasonuþina, refrain fromeggingonthysons;(15)refl.,hafast, todwell,abide;þeirhöfðustmjökíferðum, theyspentmuchoftheirlifeintravelling;hafastvel, todowell,thrive (vaxa okvelh.);h.at, todo;Lambisáhvat Steinarrhafðistat, whathewasdoing;h. við, todwell,stay (hérmunekviðhafast); h.velvið, tobearoneselfwellup;h.orð við, to speak to one another. hafandi, pr. p. being with child. haf-bára,f. wave; -fugl,m. sea-bird; -fœrandi,pr.p. sea-going,sea-worthy; -gerðingr,f.pl. tremendouswaves; -gjálfr,n. roarofthesea; -gola,f. seabreeze; -gufa,f. mermaid; -hallt,adv. standingseawards; -hrútr,m. sea-ram; -íss,m. driftice; -kaldr,a. coldasthe sea; -leið,f. standingseawards;stefna -leið, tostandseawards; -leiðis,adv. seawards; -ligr, a. marine. hafna (að),v. toforsake,abandon,with dat.(h.fornumsið,blótumokheiðnum góðum);kýrhafnaðiátinu, thecowleftoff eating. hafnan,f. abandonment,forsaking (h. heimsins, veraldar). hafnar-dyrr,f.pl. entranceofahaven

(höfn).

hafnar-feldr,m. ashaggycloakfor everyday use.

hafnar-mark,n. harbourmark; -merki,n. harbourmark; -tollr,m. harbour toll.

hafnar-vaðmál, -váð, n. plain stuff. hafn-borg, f. sea borough, sea-port.

haf-nest, n. provisions for a voyage. hafn-leysa,f. harbourlesscoast; -leysi,n. harbourlesscoast; -ligr,a. harbour-like.

hafr (-rs, -rar), m. he-goat, buck.

hafr-belgr, m. = -staka.

haf-rek,m. wreck,jetsam; -reka,a., -rekinn,pp. tossedordrivenaboutonthe sea.

hafr-staka, f. goat’s skin. haf-rœðr,a. sea-worthy (hafrœðr sexæringr).

hafs-botn,m. gulf (firðirokhafsbotnar); -geil, f. sea-lane.

haf-skip,n. asea-goingship; -skrimsl, n. sea-monster. hafs-megin, n. the main, high sea. haf-stormr,m. stormatsea; -strambr, m. fabulous sea-monster. haft,n.(1) bond,chain;esp.pl.,höft, fetters;sitjaíhöftum, tobeinfetters;haldae-níhöftum, tokeeponeinbonds;(2) pl., höft, gods. hafta,f. femaleprisoner,bondwoman (h. ok hernuma).

haftr, m. male prisoner, bondman. haf-tyrðill,m. littleauk; -velktr, pp. sea-tossed; -viðri, sea-breeze; -villa,f. lossofone’scourseatsea; -villr,a. having lost one’s course at sea. haga (að),v.(1) tomanage,arrange, withdat.(sváskuluvérh.inngönguvorri);fénuvarhagattilgæzlu, themoney

wastakenintokeeping;withadv.,hvernig skulumvérþátilh., howshallwearrange it;h.svátil,at, toarrangeorcontriveitso that;h.e-mtile-s, toturnoutsoandso forone (þathagaðiÓlafitilmikilsharms); (2) tosuit,besuitable (skipmeðþeimfarmi, sem ek veit vel hagar til Íslands).

haga-beit,f. grazing; -garðr,m. fence round a pasture-field. hag-fastr,a. grazingconstantlyonthe samepasture; -fátt,a.n. shortofgrazing (málnytu verðr hag-fátt).

hag-feldr,a. meet,fit,suitable (ek mun þér h.; hagfelt erindi).

hagi,m. pasture,fieldforgrazing;var hestumh.fenginn, thehorseswereputout to grass. hag-jörð, f. pasture land. hag-keypi, n. good bargain. hagl, n. hail; -hrið, f. hail-storm. hag-leikr, m. skill in handicraft. hagleiks-gørð,f. fineworkmanship; -maðr, m. handicraftsman, artist. hag-liga,adv. skilfully,handily,neatly; -ligr,a.(1) skilful,handy,neat;(2) fit, proper, convenient. hagl-korn,n. hailstone; -steinn,m. hailstone; -vindr, m. hail-storm. hag-mýrr, f. pasture, marsh. hag-mæltr, a. well-spoken. hagna (að),v. tobemeetforone; hvárumykkrumhefirbetrhagnat, which of you has had the best luck? hagnaðr (gen. -ar), m. advantage. hag-nýta (-tta, -ttr),v. tomakeuse of, have profit of. hagr,a. handy,skilful (h.maðrátréok járn).

hagr (-s, -ir),m.(1) state,condition, affairs (hvaternúumhagiþína?);(2) means (efhannhefireigihagtilatfœra

þaufram);(3) favour,advantage;íhagem, to one’s advantage at högum, suitably. hag-ráð,n. opportunity; -ráðr,a. givingwisecounsel; -ræða (-rædda, -rætt),v. toputright (fyrirsér); -ræði, n. service (gerae-mhagræði); -skeytr, a. a good shot; -skipti, n. fair bargain. hags-munir, m. pl. profit, advantage. hag-spakligr,a. practical,wise; -speki,f. forethought,goodsense; -stœðr,a. fair,favourable(-stœðrbyrr); -tœkr,a. practical; -þorn, -þyrnir, m. hawthorn. haka (gen. höku), f. chin. hala-broddr,m. pointofatail; -ferð, f. therear; -langr,a. long-tailed; -tafl, n. a kind of game. hald,n.(1) hold,fastening;(2) keeping inrepair (fyrirh.kirkju);(3) support, backing (hannhefirnúh.mikitafkonungi);h.oktraust, helpandsupportinneed; komae-mathaldi,íhald, tobeofuseor helptoone;hérkemrillaíh., itdoeslittle good;(4) custody (Ólafrkonungrtókþá viðhaldiHrærekskonungs);(5) esteem (verameðe-mígóðuhaldi);(6) keeping,observance (cf.jóla-hald,drottinsdaga hald).

halda (held; hélt, héldum; haldinn),v.I.withdat.(1) toholdfast (Gunnarrvarkyrrsváathonumhélteinn maðr); tokeepback,restrain (Hrafnfekk eigihaldithenniheima);(2) towithhold (héldubœndrgjaldinu);(3) tokeep,retain (þúskaltjafhanþessusætih.); topreserve (h.virðingusinni,lífioklimum);h.vöku sinni, tokeeponeselfawake;(4) tohold, keepone’sstock;alsoellipt.(vetrvarillr okhéldumennilla);(5) phrases,h.njósnum, tokeepwatch,tospy (=h.njósnum tilume-t);h.(hendi)fyrirauga, tohold (thehand)beforetheeyes,shadetheeyes;

h.hendiyfire-m, toprotectone;(6) to hold,stand,steer,ellipt.,þeirhélduaptr (heldbackagain) umhaustit;þeirhéldu úteptirfírði, theystoodoutthefirth;h. heim, tosteerhomewards;(7) tograze,put inthefield (h.fétilhaga);(8)impers. to continue,last (héltþvílengiumvetrinn); II.withacc.(1) toholdinpossession,a fief,land,estate (þeirhélduallahinabeztustaðimeðsjónum);(2) tohold,keep, observe,afeast,holiday(íhversminning heldrþúþenna.dag?);(3) tokeep (h.orð sín,eið,sættir,frið); toobserve (h.guðs lögoklandsins);(4) touphold,maintain, support (h.vinisína,h.e-ntilríkis);(5) h.sik, tocomportoneself (kunnah.sik meðhófi);h.sikríkmannliga, tofare sumptuously;h.sikaptrafe-u, toabstain from;(6) tohold,consider,deem (hónhélt enganhansjafningja);(7) tohold,keep up;h.varnir, tokeepupadefence;h. vörð, tokeepwatch;(8) tohold,compel, bind (heldrmikþáekkitilútanferðar);þó heldrþikvárkunntilatleitaá, thouhast someexcusefortrying;III.withpreps., h.áe-u, tohold,wieldinthehand (h.á sverði); toholdtoathing,goonwithit,be busyabout (h.ádrykkju,áferðsinni,á sýslu);h.e-tafe-m, tohold (land,office) fromorofone (þeirerhöfðuhaldiðlandaf Danakonungi);h.mikitafe-m, tomake muchofone;h.eptire-m, topursueone; h.e-ueptir, tokeepback;h.sikfráe-u, to keeponeselfbackfrom,refrainfrom;h.eufram, touphold,support;h.e-ufyrireu, towithholdfromone; toprotectagainst (hélduengargrindrfénufyrirbirninum); h.e-nfyrire-t, tohold,consideronetobe soandso (síðanhéltkonungrErlingfyrir tryggvanvin);h.íe-t, toholdfast,grasp (þúskalth.íhurðarhringinn);h.tile-s,

tobethecauseof,beconduciveto;heldr þarmargttilþess, therearemanyreasons forthis;hélttilþess (conducedtoit) góðgirnihans;h.tile-s, tobebenton,fondof (h.mjöktilskarts,tilgleði);h.tiljafns viðe-n, tobearup against one,tobea matchforone;h.ume-t, tograspwiththe hand (=h.hendiume-t);h.barniundir skírn, toholdatbaptism;h.e-uupp, to holdaloft,lift (h.upphöndum);h.upp árum, toholduptheoars,ceasepulling; touphold,maintain,support (h.upphofum,kristninni); tokeepgoing (h.upp bardaga); todischarge (h.uppkostnaði, bótum);h.uppbœnumfyrire-m, topray forone;h.e-uvið, tomaintainathing; h.viðe-m, tostandagainst (hvarsem harmkomfram,héltekkiviðhonum); impers. tobeonthepointof;héltþávið atgöngu(acc.), theywerenearcomingto fight;heldrnúviðhót, itislittleshortof threats;IV.refl.,haldast, toholdoneself, stay (máttihanneigiþarh.); toholdout, continue,last (hélztvináttameðþeim); tobekeptsafeandsound;mennallirhéldust (allhandsweresaved) oksváfé; tobe valid,stand (engimáh.dómrhans);h.á, topulloneagainstanother,wrestle,fight; impers.,e-mhelztvel(illa)áe-u, onehas good(bad)luckwithathing (mérhelztlítt ásauðamönnum);h.við, tostay,remain; h.viðe-m, toresist,makeastandagainst one (hélzt þá ekki við honum).

hald-góðr, a. lasting, durable. haldinn,pp.(1) insuchandsucha state;velh., ingoodcondition,welltodo, doingwell;þungligah., veryill;(2) satisfiedwith (Hranisagðistekkiafþvíh.vera);(3)heiluokhöldnu, safely,safeand sound.

haldin-orðr,a. discreet,close; -yrði,

n. discreetness. hald-kvæmast (d),v.refl. toavail,be of use to (-kvæmast e-m).

hald-kvæmd,f. convenience,comfort; -kvæmiligr,a. convenient; -kvæmr,a. convenient,useful; -samr,a. holding close;vera-samráe-u, tokeepitclose; -semi,f.(1) fastholding;(2) closeness, stinginess.

hali,m. tail;leika(veifastum)lausum hala, toplaywithaloosetail,tobeunrestrained;berabrattanhalann, tocockup thetail,tobeproud;dragaeptirsérhalann, to drag the tail, to play the coward. halla (að),v.(1) toinclineorturnsideways,withdat.(h.keri,skipi);(2) tosway tothewrongside (=h.tilum.e-t);h. sögu, togiveanunfairreport;h.nökkurumorðumtil, toletfallafewwords;h. eptire-m, tobebiassedinone’sfavour; h.sér, toleanwithone’sbody;impers. to lieover,withdat.(hallaðihonumsvá,at sjórféllinnáannatborð);sóluhallar, thesunsinks;vetrihallar, thewinterisdeclining;taflihallaráe-n, thegameturns againstone;(3) toslope (hannskildieigi fyrrviðþáenhallaðiafnorðr);(4)refl., hallast, toleanwiththebody; tolieover (þátókmjökath.Ormrinn);áþáhallaðistbardaginn, thebattleturnedagainst them;h.eptire-u, toswaytowardsathing. hallar-búnaðr, -búningr,m. hangingsofahall; -dyrr,f.pl. doorofahall; -gólf,n. floorofahall; -veggr,m.wall of a hall.

hall-lendi,n. slope,declivity; -lendr,a. sloping; -mæla (-ta, -t),v. to speakillofone (-mælae-m); -mæli,n.pl. blame,reproof; -oki,a.,fara,verðahalloki fyrir e-m, to be overcome, defeated. hallr,a.(1) leaningtooneside,lying

over,sloping (vórujakarnirhallirmjökút afskerinu);berahallthöfuðit, tocarry theheadononeside;standahöllumfœti, tostandunevenly;verðrhalltáe-n, oneis worsted;(2) biassed,partial; inclinedorattachedtoone (h.tile-s or undire-n);h. til illsku, prone, inclined, to evil. hallr,m.(1) slope,hill;(2) bigstone (enn harði hallr).

hall-æri, n. bad season, famine. halr (-s, -ir), m. poet. man. haltr,a. limping,lame,halting;h.eptra fœti, lame of the hind leg. haltra (að), v. to halt, limp. halzi, a. indecl. holding (with gen.). hamalt,a.n.,onlyinthephrase,fylkjah., todrawupinawedgeshapedcolumn (= svínfylkja).

hamar-gnipa,f. peakofacrag; -klettr, m. crag, rock. hamarr (gen. -s,dat. hamri,pl. hamrar),m.(1) hammer;hanngerðihamar yfir, hemadethesignofthehammerover it;(2) backofanaxe;(3) crag,precipice (þarstendrh.mikillfyrirþeim);þrítugur h., a crag thirty fathoms high. hamar-rifa,f. riftinacrag; -skalli, m. headofahammer; -skaft,n. shaftof ahammer; -skúti,m. juttingoroverhanging crag.

hamars-mark,n. signofthehammer; -muðr, m. the thin end of a hammer. hamar-spor, n. a hammers print. hamast (að),v.refl.(1) toassumethe shapeofananimal (h.íarnarlíki);(2) to rage (like a berserk).

ham-far,n., -farir,f.pl. travelling intheshapeofananimal (fara-fari,í -förum); -föng,n.pl. fury,frenzy; -hleypa,f. ahumanbeingwhotravelsin theshapeofananimal; awitchthatgoesin

ham-farir. hamingja,f.(1) guardianspirit;(2) luck, good fortune. hamingju-drjúgr,a.lucky; -hjól,n. wheeloffortune; -hlutr,m.lucky chance; -lauss,a. luckless; -leysi,n. wantofluck; -maðr,m. luckyman; -mikill,a. verylucky; -mót,n. luckyappearance (-móteráþér); -raun,f. trial offortune; -samligr,a. lucky-looking; -skipti,n. turn(vicissitude)offortune; -skortr,m. lackofgoodluck; -tjón,n. bad luck.

hamla,f. oar-thong,grummet;látasíga áhömlu, topullbackwards (sternforemost);gangae-míhömlu(ume-t), to takeone’splace,beasubstituteforone(in a thing).

hamla (að),v.(1) topullbackwards;(2) tostop,hinder (h.e-m);(3) tomaim,mutilate (sumirvóruhamlaðirathöndumeða fótum).

hampr, m. hemp. hamr (-s, -ir),m.(1) skin,slough;hleypahömum, tocasttheslough (ofsnakes); (2) shape,form;skiptahömum, tochange one’s shape.

hamra-fjall,n. craggymountain; -klif, n. cleft between two crags. ham-ramr,a.(1) abletochangeone’s shape;(2) seizedwithwarlikefury (berserks-gangr).

hamra-skarð, n. = -klif. ham-remi,f. thestateofbeing hamramr (2).

hams,m.(1) snake’sslough (ormar skriða or hamsi á vár); (2) husk. ham-stoli, -stolinn,a. deprivedof one’s wits, frantic, furious. hana-galan, f. cock-crew. handa (=tilh.),prep.withdat. to,for

(h. Oddi).

handa-band,n. shakingofhands; -festi, -festr, f. a hold for the hands. hand-afl,n. strengthofhand;lesasik upp (to haul oneself up) með -afli. handa-gangr,m. graspingaftera thing; -gørvi,f. ‘hand-gear’,gloves; -kast,n.=-læti; -klapp,n. clappingof hands; -læti,n.pl. gestureswiththe arms. handan,adv. frombeyond;heðanok h., hitherandthither;fyrirh.,withacc. beyond, on the other side of. handar-bak,n. backofthehand; -gagn,n. useofthehand;leggjae-ttil -gagns tolayitsoastobereadyathand; -grip,n. span; -hald,n. handle; -högg, n. ablowonone’shand; -jaðarr,m. hand’sedge;veraundir-jaðrie-s, tobe inone’shands,inone’spower; -kriki,m. arm-pit; -mein,n. soreinthehand; -sár, n. woundinthehand; -stubbr,m. stump (ofanarm); -stúfr,m. stump (ofan arm); -vanr, a. handless. handa-skömm,f. shameforone’s hands; -staðr,m. printofthehands; -verk, n. pl. one’s handwork, doings. hand-bani,m. actualslayer,opp.to ‘ráð-bani’; -bjalla,f. hand-bell; -björg, f. ‘hand-supply’;lifavið-björgsina, to earnone’sownliving;fœrae-nframmeð -björgsinni, tosupportapersonbyone’s labour; -bogi,m. hand-bow,opp.to‘lásbogi’; -byndi,n. encumbrance (e-mverðr -byndiate-u); -bærr,a. readyathand; -fang,n. span; -fátt,a.n. lackofhands (-fáttvarðuppatbera); -festa (-sta, -str),v. tostrikeabargainbyshaking hands,topledge (-festaheitsitt);biskup -festi (betrothed) jungfrúIngiborg; -festa,f. strikingabargainbyjoininghands; -festr,f. strikingabargainbyjoining hands; -fyllr,f. handful; -ganga,f. surrender,submission; -genginn,pp. that hasbecomearetainertotheking (gørast -genginne-m); -góðr,a. handy,adroit; -hafl,m. havinginhand (vera-haflateu); -haltr,a. havingalamehand; -hæfi,n., -höfn,f. hand-instrument; -högg,n. hackingoffone’shand; -höggva (see höggva),v. tohackone’shand off; -iðjan,f. hand-work; -klukka,f. hand-bell; -klæði,n. hand-towel; -krœkjast (t),v. tomaketrialofstrength bypullingwithbenthands; -kvern,f. quern, hand-mill. handla (að), v. = höndla. hand-lag,n. joininghands; -lami,a. withalamehand; -latr,a. lazytouse one’shands; -laug,f. waterforwashing thehands (berainn-laugar); -lauss,a. handless; -leggr,m. arm,fore-arm; -lektari,m. hand-lectern; -léttir,m. lendingahand; -lín,n. sleeves; -megin, n. strengthofhand,workingpower; -meiddr,pp. withmaimedhands; -numinn, pp. seized,caught; -rammr,a. stronghanded; -rið,n. hand-rail; -rif,n. ‘reefingcord’,inthephrase,sviptaaf-rifi, to reefasail; -sal,n.(1)=handaband;(2) pledge,bargain;takavið-sölumáe-u, to undertakethetrustorchargeofathing; eiga-sólviðe-n, tomakeabargain with one;bjóða-sólfyrire-n, toofferbailfor one; -sala (að),v. tomakeover(confirm) by shaking hands. handsala-maðr, m. bail, surety. handsals-maðr, m. bail, surety. hand-sax,n. shortsword,dagger;leika at-söxum, toplaywithdaggers(bythrowingthemintheairandcatchingthemby thehilt); -seinn,a. slowwiththehand;

-selja (see selja),v. tomakeover;-seld sök, asuitconductedbyproxy; -síðr,a. long-armed; -skot,n. throwingbyhand, opp.to‘bogaskot’; -sleggja,f. handsledge; -sløngva,f. handsling; -sterkr,a. strong-handed; -stinnr,a. withbrawnyhands;róa-stinnan, topull strongly; -styrkja (t),v.-styrkjasik upp, tohauloneselfup; -styrkr,a.= -sterkr; -tak,n.=handaband; -taka,v. (1) toseize,layholdof;(2) tostipulate; -tygill,m. anarm-strap; -vega (see vega),v. toweighinthehand; -vegr,m. shoulder-seam; -víss,a. quitecertain; -vætta (-tta, -ttr),v.=-vega; -vömm, f. maladroitness,blundering; -øx,f. handaxe.

hang,n. coil(ofaserpent);köttrinn beygðihangit(v.r.kenginn), thecatbent its back.

hanga (hangi; hékk, héngum; hanginn),v.(1) tohang,besuspended (hversmannsalvæpnihékkyfirrúmi hans);(2) toclingto,hangfastto;weak pret.(hangdinaðranálifrinni);(3) tobe hanged (gengr þú at h.).

hanga-guð, -týr,m. god(lord)ofthe hanged (viz. Odin).

hangi,m. abodyhangingonagallows (hann settist undir hanga).

hani, m. cock. hanki, m. hasp or clasp (of a chest). hann, pers. pron. he. hann-yrð, -ørð, f. skill, fine work. hanzki, m. glove. happ, n. good luck. happa-drjúgr,a. lucky; -mikill,a. havinggreatluck; -ráð,n. happycounsel; -verk, n. happy deed. happ-auðigr,a. lucky; -fróðr,a. wise inseason; -samr,a. lucky; -skeytr,a. a

good shot.

hapt, n. bond; see ‘haft’. hara, v. to stare, grin (?). harða, adv. very (= harðla).

harð-angr,m. hardtimes,distress; -brjóstaðr,a. hard-hearted; -býll,a. ahardhouseholder; -drœgi,f. thebeing -drœgr; -drœgr,a. hardtomanage; -eygr,a. hard-eyed; -fari,m. ‘fast-goer’; -farliga,adv. harshly,vehemently; -fengi,f. hardihood,valour; -fengiliga, adv.=-fengliga; -fenginn,a.=-fengr; -fengliga,adv. hardily,valiantly; -fengr,a. hardy,valiant; -fenni,n. hard snow; -fœri,f. stubbornness; -fœrr,a. hardtoovercome; -görr,a.(1) hardy, stout;(2) strongbuilt (-görtskip); -hendi,f. hard-handedness; -hendiliga,adv. withhardhand; -hendr,a. hardhanded; -hugaðr, a. hard-hearted. harðindi,n.pl.(1) hardness;(2) hardship, severity. harð-kvæli, n. = harmkvæli. harðla, adv. very (h. mikill, lítill). harð-leikinn,a. playingahard,rough game;verðae-m-leikinn, toplayroughly withone;fá-leikit, toberoughlytreated; -leikni,f. roughgame; -leikr,m. hardness,harshness; -leitr,a. hard-looking; -lífi,n. hardlife,chastisement; -liga, adv.(1) forcibly,sternly;(2) fast (riða -liga); -ligr,a. hard,severe; -lundaðr, a. hard-tempered; -lyndi,n. hardtemper; -lyndr,a.=-lundaðr; -mannligr,a. hardy,manly; -menni,n. hardyman; -móðigr,a. hardofmood; -mæli,n. hard language; -mæltr, a. = -orðr. harðna (að),v.(1) toharden;(2) tobecomesevere (ofweather); togrowworse; harðnaðimatlífiþeirra, theyranshortof provisions.

harð-orðr, a. hard-spoken. harðr,a.(1) hard (h.steinn,skafl);(2) hard,stern,severe (h.ískapi,íhjarta);(3) hardy;fólkhartokillitatsœkja, hardy anddifficulttoassail;h.íhornattaka, hardtotakebythehorns,stubborn;h. bardagi, hard-foughtbattle;leikae-nbart, to treat one harshly; ríða hart, to ride fast. harð-ráðr,a.(1) firm,determined (maðrvitrok-ráðr);(2) severe,tyrannical; -reiðr,a. hardtorideon; -rétti,n. hardship; -ræði,n.(1) hardiness,hardihood,firmness;(2) hardness,harshness; -skeyti,f. hardshooting; -skeytr,a.(1) shootinghard;(2) hard,severe; -skipaðr, pp. mannedwithhardymen; -sleginn, pp. hard-hammered; -slœgr,a. hardto mow (-slœgrteigr); -snúinn,pp. ‘hardtwisted’,staunch,stubborn; -sóttr,pp. hardtoget,difficult; -steinn,m. whetstone; -tœkr,a. hard,exacting; -úðigr, a. hard-minded; -vaxinn,pp. strongbuilt,brawny; -yrði,n.pl. hardwords; -yrki,m. hardworker; -ýðgi,f. hardness of heart, severity. hark, n. noise, tumult. harka, f. hardness, hardiness. harka (að),v.(1) toscrapetogether (h. e-usaman);(2)e-mharkar,harkarfyrir e-m, thingsgoillwithone;harkarumet, itgoesbadly;harkastum, tobeinabad way; (3) refl., harkast, to make a tumult. harka-geta,f. coarse,scantyfood; -lið,n. rabble; -menn,m.pl. tramps, scamps; -samliga, adv. coarsely. harki, m. rubbish, trash. harma (að),v. tobewail;h.sik, towail; impers.,e-m or e-nharmar, itvexesone, one is vexed. harman-liga,adv. sorrowfully; -ligr, a. sorrowful.

harm-blandinn,pp. mixedwithsorrow; -brögð,n.pl. mournfuldeeds; -dauði,m. sorrowfuldeath; -dauði, -dauðr,a. lamented (vera-dauðie-m); -dögg,f. sorrow-dew,tears (poet.); -fenginn,pp. affectedbygrief; -flaug, f. banefulshaft; -fullr,a.=harmsfullr; -kvæli, n. pl., -kvöl, f. torments. harmr (-s, -ar), m. sorrow, grief. harm-saga,f. tidingsofgrief; -samligr, a. sad, mournful. harms-auki,m. additiontoone’sgrief; -fullr,a. sorrowful,distressed; -léttir, m. relief. harm-sök,f. causeofgrief,sadcase; -söngr,m. dirge; -tíðindi,n.pl.= -saga; -tölur,f.pl. lamentations; -þrunginn,pp. filledwithgrief; -þrútinn, a. swollen with sorrow. harneskja, f. harness, armour. harpa,f.(1) harp (leika,sláhörpu);(2) harp-seal (erahlumsvant,kvaðrefr,dró hörpu at ísi).

hasla (pl. höslur),f. poleofhazel wood; hasla (að),v. tomarkoutbyhazelpoles;h.e-mvöll, tochallengeonetoa pitched battle or duel. hastar-liga, adv. suddenly. hast-orðr, a. harsh-spoken. hata (að),v.(1) tohate (h.e-n);(2) to damage,destroy (poet.);(3)refl.,hatast við e-n, to be full of hatred against one. hatr, n. hatred, enmity. hatr-liga,adv. hatefully; -ligr,a. hateful; -samligr, -samr,a. hatefulhostile (-samr e-m).

hatrs-fullr, a. hateful hostile. hattr, m. hat, = höttr.

hauðr, n. poet. earth. hauga-eldr,m. cairnfire; -öld,f. the ageofcairn-burial,opp.to‘brunaöld’, the

age of burning the dead. haug-brot,n. breakingofacairn; -búi,m. ‘cairn-dweller’,ghost; -fœra (-ða, -ðr),v. toburyinacairn; -ganga, f. the breaking into a cairn. haugr (-s, -ar),m.(1) mound;(2) sepulchral mound, cairn. haug-setja (see setja),v.=haugfœra.

haugs-gólf,n. floorofacairn; -gørð, f. cairn-making. haug-staðr,m. heathenburial-place; -tekinn, pp. taken from a cairn. haugs-öld, f. = hauga-öld. hauka-veiðr, f. hunting with hawks. hauk-ligr, a. hawk-like (of the eyes). haukr (-s, -ar),m. hawk;fleygjahauki, to fly a hawk. haukstaldr, m., poet. man, hero. hauld-, hauldr, see höld-, höldr. haull, m. rupture, hernia. hausa-kljúfr,m. skull-cleaver (nickname); -mót, n. pl. sutures of the skull. haus-brot,n. skull-fracture; -fastr,a. seatedintheskull; -filla,f. theskinof the skull. hauss (pl. hausar), m. skull. haust, n. harvest season, autumn. hausta (að), v. to draw near autumn. haust-blót,n. sacrificialfeastinautumn; -boð,n. autumnfeast; -dagr,m. dayinautumn;at or í-degi, inautumn; -gríma,f. autumnnight; -heimtur,f. pl. gettinginsheepinautumn; -langr,a. lastingalltheautumn; -mánaðr,m. autumnmonth,September; -víking,f. freebootingexpeditioninautumn; -þing,n. autumnassembly; -öl,n. autumn(drinking) festival. há, interj. eh! what do you say? há, f. after-grass, after-math.

há, f. hide (hangir með hám).

há-altari,m. highaltar; -beinn,a. high-legged,long-legged; -bjarg,n. high rock; -bogaðr,a. high-curved (ofasaddle).

há-bora (að), v. to fit with rowlocks. há-borur, f. pl. rowlocks. há-brók,f. akindofhawk; -brókast (að), v. refl. to puff oneself up. háð, n. scoffing, mocking. há-degi, n. midday, noon. hádegis-skeið, n. noon-tide. háð-samr,a. scoffing; -semi,f. mockery (með hrópyrðum ok h.).

háðugr, a. shameful, disgraceful. háðu-ligr,a.(1) scornful,abusive (-lig orð); (2) disgraceful (-ligt verk).

háðung, f. shame, disgrace. háðungar-orð, n. pl. scornful words. háð-yrði, n. pl. = hæði-yrði.

há-fjall,n. highmountain; -fleygr, a. high-flying; -flœðr,f. fullflood,high flood-tide; -fœttr,a. high-legged; -leikr,m. highness; -leitligr,a. sublime; -leitr,a. lookingupwards;fig. lofty, sublime. hála,f. giantess;háluskær, wolf (poet.).

hálfa,f.(1) region,part (veröldinvar greindíþrjárhálfuir);(2) lineage,kin (frjálsborinníallarhálfur);(3)afe-shálfu, onone’sbehalf; onone’spart;afguðshálfu oklands-laga, onbehalfofGodandthelaw of the land. hálf-bergrisi,m. halfagiant; -dauðr,a. halfdead; -ermaðr,pp. halfsleeved; -fífl,n. halfanidiot; -fullr,a. halffull; -görr,a. onlyhalf,done,lefthalf undone; -kirkja,f. annex-church,chapel ofease; -launat,pp.n. halfrewarded; -litr,a. oftwocolours,withadifferent

colouroneachside; -ljóst,a.n.,þáer -ljóstvar, inthetwilight; -mörk,f. half amark; -nauðigr,a. halfreluctant;-nið, n. half a lampoon. hálf-neytr,a. ‘half-good’;þóttiBirni eigiverren-neytt,þóat, B.wasouthalfloath, though.

hálfr,a.(1) half;h.mánaðr, halfa month,fortnight;tilhálfs byahalf;h.annar,þriði,fjórði,&c., one,two,threeand ahalf;hálftannathundrað, onehundred andahalf;h.þriðitøgrmanna, twentyfivemen;(2)neut.‘hálfu’, byhalf,witha comparativeinanintensivesense, much, far;hálfuverri, farworse;hálfumeira, far more; hálfu siðr, far less. hálf-risi,m. halfagiant; -róinn,pp. havingrowedhalftheway; -rými,n. half a ‘rúm’ in a ship.

hálfrýmis-félagar,m.pl. messmates inthesame hálfrými; -kista,f. achestbelonging to a hálfrými.

hálf-røkvit,a.n. halftwilight; -skiptr,pp.=-litr; -troll,n. halfagiant; -tunna,f. halfatun; -unninn,pp. half done; -virði,n. halfworth; -þrítugr, a. agedtwenty-five; -þynna,f. akindof smallaxe; -œrinn,a. halfsufficient; -œrr,a. halfmad (hannvarhálf-œrraf drykkju).

háll, a. slippery (var hált á ísinum).

hál-leikr, m. slipperiness. hálmr (gen. -s),m. straw,haulm (þeir lögðust þar niðr í hálm).

há-læti,n. shouting,noise; -messa,f. high-mass; -mælgi, f. loud talking. há-mót,n. ankle-joint;onlyinthe phrase,faraíhá-mót(or -mótit)eptirem, tofollowoneclosely,sneakalongbehind one.

há-mæli,n.,fœra(bera)e-tí-mæli, to speakloudof; -mæltr,pp. loud-voiced; -nefjaðr,a. high-nosed; -pallr,m. dais (in a hall).

hár (há, hátt),a.(1) high;áháfum fjöllum, inhighmountains;hærien, higherthan;(2) tall (h.maðrvexti);(3)superl. atthehighestpitch;meðanhæst værivetrar,sumars, inthedepthofwinter,intheheightofsummer;(4) high,glorious;hæstuhátíðir, thehighestfeasts;(5) loud (h.brestr);mælahátt, tospeakloud;

hálm-strá,n. haulm-straw; -visk,n. wisp of straw; -þúst, n. flail. háls (gen. háls,pl. hálsar),m.(1) neck;takahöndumumh.e-m, toembrace one;beygjah.fyrire-m, tobendtheneck toone;liggjae-máhálsifyrire-t, toreprove,blameonefor;standaáhálsie-m to putthefootonone’sneck;(2) bowofaship orboat (Hýmirreriíhálsinumfram);(3) thefront-sheet(tack)ofasail;(4) theend ofarope;(5) thetipofabow (hanndregr svábogann,atsamanþóttiberahálsana); (6) ridge,hill;(7)pl.,góðirhálsar, good men! fine fellows! hálsa (að),v.(1) toembrace;(2)h. segl, to clew up the sail. háls-bein,n. neck-bone; -beina,n. neck-bone; -björg,f. gorget; -bók,f. a booktobehungfromtheneck; -brotna (að),v. tobreakone’sneck; -brún,f. edge ofahill; -digr,a. thick-necked; -fang,n. embrace; -gjörð,f. necklace; -högg,n. strokeontheneck; -höggva (see höggva),v. tobehead; -járn,n. neck-iron,iron collar; -langr,a. long-necked; -liðr,m. neck-joint; -ljósta (see ljósta),v. to strikeoneontheneck; -men,n. necklace; -sár,n. neckwound; -slag,n.=hálshögg; -stefni,n.(1) throat;(2) partofa ship.

hónverðrhávið, shebecomesclamorous or excited. hár (gen. hás, pl. háir), m. thole. hár, n. hair (jarpr á h.).

hár, m. dog-fish. hár-amr (=hár-hamr),m. thehairy side of a skin; -bjartr, a. fair-haired. há-reiðar, f. pl. rowlocks. há-reysti,n.andf. noise,clamour; -reystr, a. noisy, loud-voiced. hár-fagr,a. fair-haired; -ferð,f. fashionofthehair; -hvass,a. hair-edged; -klæði,n. haircloth; -knifr,m. razor; -laug,f. washingthehair; -leppr,m. lock of hair. hárr, a. hoary, grey-haired. hár-rœtr,f.pl. rootsofthehair; -skurðr, m. cut of the hair. hárs-litr, m. color of the hair. hár-taug,f. stringofhorse-hair; -vara, f. fur; -vöxtr, m. hair-growth.

há-segl, n. top-sail. há-seti,m. oarsman,opp.to‘stýrimaðr’ (helmsman). há-seymdr,pp. studdedwithlargenails (beizl háseymt).

há-sin, f. Achilles’ tendon.

háska-ferð, -för,f. dangerousjourney (exploit); -lauss,a. freefromdanger; -ligr,a. dangerous; -samliga,adv. dangerously; -samligr,a. perilous; -samr,a. perilous; -tími,m. timeofdanger; -vað, n. dangerousford; -ván,f. dangertocome. há-skeptr,a. long-handled,long-shafted (háskept øx, spjót).

háski, m. danger, peril. hás-mæltr, a. hoarse-speaking. háss, a. hoarse. há-staðr,m. high(important)place; -stafir,m.pl.,inthephrase,gráta (œpa)-stöfum, toweep(shout)loudly;

-steint,a.n. fullofhighboulders (var hásteint í ánni).

há-stokkr, m. gunwale. há-stóll,m. high-seat; -sumar,n. midsummer; -sæti,n. high-seat,seatof honour (= öndvegi).

hásætis-borð,n. high-seattable; -kista,f. achestnearthehigh-seat; -maðr, m. the man in the high-seat. há-talaðr,a. loud-voiced; -timbra (að),v. tobuildhigh; -tíð,f. festival, feast (halda hátíð).

hátíðar-aptann,m. eveofafeast; -dagr,m. festalday,holiday; -hald,n. holding a feast. hátíðis-dagr, m. = hátíðardagr.

hátíð-liga,adv. withfestivity; -ligr, a. festive, festal. hátta (að),v.(1) toarrange,dispose, withdat.;h.sér, toconductoneself;impers.,háttarsvá,athannkom, hehappened to come; (2) to go to bed. hátta-brigði, n. change of manners. háttaðr,pp. fashioned,conditioned (hvernigvarjörðinháttuð?);e-uersvá háttat, itissomadeorconditionedofthat natureorkind;yðrfrændumersváháttat, you kinsmen are of that stamp. hátta-góðr,a. well-mannered,well. behaved; -lykill,m. keytometres; -skipti,n.(1) changeofmanners;(2) shiftingofmetre; -tal,n. enumerationof metres. hátt-prúðr,a. well-mannered,polite; -prýði, f. good manners. háttr (gen. háttar,dat. hætti;pl. hættir,acc. háttu),m.(1) modeoflife, habit,custom (rikramannaháttr);halda teknumhætti, togooninone’susualway; (2)pl. conduct,behaviour (vandaumháttumanna);faravelmeðsínumháttum,

toconductoneselfwell;ráðasjálfrsínum háttum; one’sownmaster;haldaháttum viðaðramenn, toconductoneselfproperly;(3) mode,wayofdoingathing;kunna háttáe-u, toknowhowtodoathing;(4) mikilsháttar, ofimportance;lítilsháttar, insignificant;þessháttar, ofthatkind;alls háttar, ofeverykind;áallanhátt, inevery respect;(5) moderation,measure;eptir hætti, duly, properly; (6) metre. hátt-samr, a. well-mannered. háttung, f. danger, risk. há-tún, n. high place. hávaða-maðr,m. anoisy,self-assertive man; -mikill,a. boastful,self-assertive; -samr, a. boisterous. há-vaði,m.(1) noise,tumult;kveðae-t upp,segjae-t,í-vaða, toproclaimloudly; (2) loud self-assertion; (3) = hávaða-maðr. há-vetr,m., -vetri,n. midwinter (þegar hávetri var liðit).

heðan,adv.(1) hence,fromthisplace; (2)fyrirh.hafit, onthehithersideofthe sea; (3) henceforth; h. í frá, hereafter. heðinn (dat. heðni),m. jacketoffuror skin;vefja(or veifa)heðniathöfðie-m, towrapaskinroundone’shead,tohoodwink one. heðra, adv. here, hither. hefð,f. prescriptiveright (meðréttriok löglegri hefð).

hefða (að),v. toacquireaprescriptive right to (h. sér e-t).

hefðar-maðr, m. possessor, holder. hefill (pl. heflar),m. anoosefastenedtotheedgeofasailtohelpinfurling it;látasiga(or hleypasegli)órheflum, to unfurl the sail. hefil-skapt,n. aboat-hooktopullthe sail down. hefja (hef; hóf, hófum; hafiðr and

hafinn),v.(1) toheave,raise,lift (h. stein);hannhófuppaugusin, helifted uphiseyes;h.sikálopt, tomakealeap; h.handa, toliftthehands (fordefense); h.höfuðs, toliftthehead,beundaunted; h.graut, tolifttheporridge,eatitwitha spoon;(2) toexalt,raiseinrank;h.e-ntil ríkis, toraiseonetothethrone;(3) tobegin;h.málsitt, tobeginone’sspeech;h. ferð, tosetoutonajourney,tostart;h. flokk, toraiseaparty;h.ákall, toraisea claim;impers.,hefre-t=hefruppe-t, it begins (hérhefrKristnisögu);refl.,hefjast, tobegin,originate (hvaðanafhefir hafiztskáldrskarpr?);(4)impers. tobe carried,drifted(bystormortide);höf skipinöllsaman (alltheshipsweredrifted) innatlandinu;þeirlétuh.skipin ofanforstreymis, theylettheshipsdrift downthestream;(5)withpreps.,h.e-taf e-u, totakeitoff;impers.,enerafhennihóföngvit(acc.), whensherecovered fromherswoon;þáhófafmérvámurallar, allailmentsleftme;refl.,hefjastafhöndume-m, toleaveone;h.árás, totake toone’sfeet (=hafaárás);refl.,látahefjastfyrir, toretreat,withdraw;h.munn sinnísundr, toopenone’smouth;impers.,Birkibeina(acc.)hefrundan, theB. drewback;h.e-tupp, toliftup (hannhóf orminnuppáhendisér);impers.,hóf honumuppbrýn(acc.), hisfacebrightened;h.e-tupp, tobegin (=hefja3);Egill hófuppkvæðit, E.beganhispoem;impers.,hérhefruppKonunga-bók, here beginstheK.;refl.,hefjastupp, tobegin (hérhefjastupplandnám);hefjastupptil ófriðar(meðófriði), tobeginwarfare;láta hefjast við, to lay to (naut.).

hefla (að), v. to furl the sail. hefna (-da, -dr),v. toavenge,take

vengeance,withthethingandtheperson ingen.,h.sára, toavengethewounds, h.bróðursíns, toavengeone’sbrother,h. sín, toavengeoneself;withdat.ofthe person,h.e-m, totakevengeanceon (skuluviðh.honum);withthethingingen. andthepersonindat.;áttuhonumath. frændaláts, thouhasttoavengeonhimthe deathofakinsman;impers.,e-mhefniret, onepays(suffers)forathing (sváhefndi honumþatmiklamikillæti);withpreps., h.e-mfyrire-t,h.e-sae-m, toavengea thingonone;refl.,hefnast, toavengeoneself (=hefnasín);h.e-s, toavengeathing; h.áe-m, toavengeoneselfonaperson;emhefniste-t, onehastopay(suffer)for; hefnastmunhonumvist, thedayofretribution will assuredly come to him. hefnd, f. revenge, vengeance. hefnda-laust,adv. withoutretribution or revenge. hefndar-dagr,m. dayofvengeance; -maðr, m. avenger. hefni-leið,f. ‘waytovengeance’;róaá -leið, tosetabouttakingvengeance; -leit, f. seekingforvengeance;róaá-leite-s, to seek vengeance for; -samr, a. revengeful. hegat, adv. = hingat, higat. hegða (að), v. to arrange (h. e-u). hegðan, f. conduct, behaviour. hégeitill, m. flint.

heggr (pl. -ir), m. bird cherry. hegla (-di, -t), v. to hail. hegna (-da, -dr),v.(1) tohedge,protect;(2) topunish,chastise (hegnaránsmenn, úsiðu).

hegnari, m. chastiser. hegnd, f. punishment, chastisement. hegning, f. punishment, chastisement. hé-góma (að),v. tospeakfalsely;-góma á e-n, to slander one.

hégóma-dýrð,f. vain-glory; -fullr,a. vain,vain-glorious; -maðr,m. charlatan, quack; -mál,n. vainspeech;gøraorðe-s at-máli, todisregardone’swords; -nafn, n. empty name, sham name. hé-gómi,m. falsehood,jollynonsense; segja -góm á e-n, to slander one. hágóm-ligr, a. vain, false. hegri, m. heron. heið,n. bright(clear)sky (veðrvarbjart ok skein sól í heiði).

heiðar-brúin, f. edge of a heath. heiðar-lauss,a. ignominiousdishonourable; -liga,adv. honourably; -ligr,a. honourable.

heiðar-vegr, m. road across a heath. heið-bjartr, a. serene (veðr -bjart).

heið-fé, n. fee, stipend. heiðin-dómr, m. heathendom. heiðingi (pl. -jar),m.(1) heathen, gentile; (2) wolf (poet.).

heiðingligr, a. heathen. heiðinn,a. heathen,pagan;heiðnir menn, heathens. heið-maðr, m. = málamaðr. heiðnast (að), v. to become heathen. heiðni,f.(1) heathenism;(2) heathen. country (=heiðitland);(3) theheathen age, the time of heathendom. heiðr,a. bright,clear,cloudless;h. himinn, clearsky;heiðarstjörnur, bright stars.

heiðr (gen. heiðar,dat.andacc. heiðir; pl. heiðar), f. heath, moor. heiðr (gen. heiðrs), m. honour. heiðr (gen. -ar), m. honour, worth. heiðra (að), v. to honour. heið-ríkr, a. cloudless, serene. heiðrs-maðr, m. man of honour. heið-skírr,a. bright,cloudless (-skírt veðr); -vanr,a. accustomedtotheclear

sky; -viðri, n. bright weather. heið-virðr, a. honest, honourable. heila-bust, f. crown of the head. heilag-leikr,m. holiness; -liga,adv. holy; -ligr, a. holy. heilagr (acc. helgan (heilagan),pl. helgir (heilagir),&c.),a.(1) holy;(2) inviolable, sacred. heilan, f. healing. heil-brigði,f. health; -brigðr,a. hale, healthy. heilendi, n. good health. heilindi, n. good health. heil-eygr,a. ‘hale-eyed’,havingsound eyes; -fœttr,a. ‘hale-legged’; -hugaðliga,adv. sincerely,=afheilum huga; -hugaðr,a. ‘whole-minded’,sincere. heilhuga-friðr,m. sincerepeace; -ráð, n. sincere purpose. heil-hugi,m. sincereperson; -hugliga, adv. sincerely. heili, m. brain, = hjarni. heili-vátgr, m. healing liquor, balm. heill,a.(1) hale,sound;illah., inill health;hannsagðiatþarvarvelheilt, hesaidtheywereallwellthere;konaeigi heil, enceinte;grœðae-natheilu, toheal onefully;(2) whole,healed,inrespectof woundsorillness,withgen.(verðah.sára sinna);erumheiltbeztatbinda, itis bettertobindahalethanahurtlimb;(3) blessed,happy;njótiðheilirhanda, ‘bless yourhands’,welldone;komheill! welcome,hail! farh., farewell! (4) whole,entire;h.hleifr, awholeloaf;sjauhundruð heil, fullsevenhundred;(5) true,upright; ráðae-mheilt, togiveoneawholesome (good)advice;afheilumhug,afheilu, sincerely;heiltráð, wholesomeadvice;heil kenning, a useful, profitable lesson.

heill,n.andf. luck,omen,foreboding; góðu(illu)heilli, inagood(evil)hour; mörgerugiptusamligheill, thereare manygoodauspices;fallerfararh., afall isagoodomen;hannbaðþeimh.duga, he wishedthemgoodspeed;heillumhorfinn, forsakenbyluck;okvarbrugðitheillum sverðsins, thespelloftheswordwasbroken.

heilla (að),v. toenchant,spell-bind, bewitch;heilluðertu (thouartinfatuated), ef þú ætlar, etc. heilla-brigð,n.pl. turnofluck; -drjúkgr,a. fortunate,happy; -leysi,n. illluck; -maðr,m. luckyman; -ráð,n. good advice,wholesomecounsel; -vænligr,a. hopeful,promising; -vænn,a. bodinggood luck, promising well. heil-leikr,m.(1) health;(2) sincerity, uprightness; -liga,adv. fairly,candidly; -ligr,a. fair; -næmligr,a. wholesome; -ráðr,a. givingwholesomecounsel; takingwholesomecounsel; -ræði,n. wise (wholesome) counsel. heilsa (að),v. tosayhailtoone,greet one (=biðjae-nheilanvera),withdat.;h. á e-n = h. e-m. heilsa,f.(1) health;(2) restorationto health (hannvarfeginnheilsusinni);(3) salvation. heil-samligr,a., -samr,a. wholesome, salutary. heilsan, f. salutation, greeting. heil-smíðliga,adv. uprightly,fairly, properly. heilsu-bót,f. improvementofhealth, recovery; -bragð,n. cure; -drykkr,m. healingdraught; -far,n. stateofhealth; -gjöf,f. cure,restorationtohealth; -lauss,a. inbadhealth; -litíll,a. in weakhealth; -ráð,n. meanstorecover

one’shealth; -samligr,a., -samr,a. wholesome, salutary; -tapan, f. perdition. heil-und, f. brain wound. heilundar-sár, n. = heilund. heil-vita,a.indecl. ‘hale-witted’,of sound mind, sane. heim,adv. home,homewards;sœkjae-n h., to visit one; to attack one. heima,n. home (gangatilsinsh.);ath. mínu, atmyhouse;eigah., tohaveone’s home,tolive (Hallfreðráttih.atHaukagili).

heima,adv. athome,at,orin,one’sown house (halrerheimahverr);sitjah., toremain at home. heima-ból,n. homestead,manor; -bóndi,m. franklinoryeomanina -ból; -brunnr,m. home-well; -dyrr,f.pl. entrancetoadwelling-house; -elskr,a. fond ofstayingathome; -fólk,n. homefolk, household; -griðungr,m. abullkeptat home; -hús,n. dwelling-houses; -kona,f. house-maid; -land,n. homeestate; -líð, n.=-fólk; -maðr,m. oneofthehousehold, a servant (= griðmaðr).

heiman,adv. fromhome;insome phrasesthereferenceistothemarriage and dowry of women.

heiman-búnaðr,m. preparationfora journeyfromhome; -ferð,f. journey(voyage)fromhome; -fylgja,f. thedowry whichthebridetakeswithherfromhome; -för,f.=heiman-ferð; -förull,a. strollingfromhome; -gengt,a.n.,inthe phrase,eigalítt-gengt, tohavenotimeor opportunity to leave home. heima-prestr,m. residentpriest,parson; -seta,f. sittingathome; -sveit,f. =-fólk; -taða,f. thehayfromthehomefield; -vist, f. staying at home. heim-boð,n. invitation,feast; -dragi,

m. astay-at-home;hleypa-draganum, to see the world.

heimfarar-lefi, n. = heimleyfi. heim-ferð,f.(1) goinghome,return home;(2) inroadintoone’shome,atför, heimsókn.

heimferðar-leyfi, n. = heimleyfi. heim-fúss,a. longingforhome; -för, f.=heim-ferð; -ganga,f. goinghome; -gás,f. tamegoose; -hamr,m. one ’ sown skin.

heimila (að),v. togiveatitleorrightto athing (heimilaðijarlþeimþaterþurfti at hafa).

heimild, f. title, right. heimildar-maðr,m. amanfromwhom atitleisderived; -tak,n. takingproper possession or title (-tak á skóginum).

heimilda-vandr,a. fastidiousinregard to title.

heimili,n. house,home,homestead (eiga h. e-s staðar).

heimilis-fang,n. domicile; -fastr,a. havingafixedhomestead; -hús,n.(1) closet;(2) privy; -kviðr,m. home-verdict; -prestr,m. chaplain; -sök,f. acharge thatcanbebroughthometoone; -vist,f. permanenthabitation;vera-vistummeð e-m, to reside with one. heimill,a.,e-mere-theimilt, onehas arightto,isfreetohaveathing;heimiller maðrþeim,erhafaþurfu, thefoodisfree tothosewhoneedit;kvaðhonumheimilansinnstyrk, hishelpshouldbeathis disposal;segir,atþatvarskyltokheimilt, dueandjust;eigaheimilt(atgerae-t), eigae-theimilt, tohavearight(todoa thing),tohaveatone’sdisposal;látae-m e-theimilt, togiveonearightto,toplace atone’sdisposal (létÞ.honumheimilan hest sinn).

heimis-garðr,m. homestead; -haugr, m. ‘homestead-cairn’; -kviðr,m.=heimiliskviðr.

heim-kváma,f. returnhome; -kynni, n. home,household; -leiðis,adv. homewards (fara-leiðis); -leyfi,n. leavetogo home; -ligr, a. worldly. heimoll, a. = heimill.

heimol-leikr,m. intimacy; -liga, adv.(1) withfullrighttopossession;(2) privately (fáe-me-t-liga); -ligr,adv.(1) intimate; (2) private (heimolligr klerkr).

heimr (-s, -ar),m.(1) aplaceofabode, aregionorworld (níumanekheima); spyrjae-níhvernheim, toaskonefreely; (2) thisworld (segðumérórheimi,ek manórhelju);komaíheiminn, tobe born;faraafheiminum, todepartthislife; liggjamilliheimsokheljar, toliebetween lifeanddeath;(3) theearth;kringlaheimsins, the globe.

heim-reið,f.(1) ridehome;(2) inroad, attack.

heims-aldr,m. ageoftheworld; -álfa,f. quarter(part)oftheworld; -brestr, m. crashoftheworld; -bygð,f. thepeopled world.

heimska, f. folly, nonsense. heimsk-liga,adv. foolishly;láta-liga, toplaythefool; -ligr,a. foolish,silly (heimsklig orð).

heimskr,a. foolish,silly;verðroptheitumh.maðrfeginn, fairwordsoftenmake a fool s heart rejoice.

heimsku-verk, n. foolish deed. heims-liga, adv. = heimskliga. heim-sókn,f.(1) visit;(2) inroad,attack on one’s home (veita e-m -sókn).

heims-slit,n.pl. theendoftheworld; -sól,f. thesun;undirheims-sólu, on earth.

heim-stöð, f. homestead. heims-vist,f. living,dwelling; -þriðjungr, m. = -álfa.

heim-sœkja (see sœkja), v. to visit. heimta (-mta, -mtr),v.(1) todraw, pull;h.uppakkeri, toweighanchor;fig., h.sikframmeðfégjöfum, tomakeone’s waybygivingpresents;h.sikívináttuvið e-n, togetonfriendlytermswithone;h. nytaffé, tomilkcattle;(2) togetback, recover,regain (þóttustþeirhafahannór heljuheimtan);esp., togethomethe sheepfromthesummerpastures;(3) to claim (h.e-tate-m);h.arf,skuld,toll, to claimaninheritance,debt,toll;h.vilmæli, toclaimthefulfilmentofapromise;h.enátalviðsik, toaskforaninterviewwith one;(4)impers.,e-nheimtir, onelongs (slíksvarván,atþikmundiþangath.); (5)refl.,heimtastframataldri, toadvanceinyears;h.saman, togathertogether,join (heimtustbráttskiphanssaman). heimta,f.(1) claim,demand (ofpaymentduetoone);(2)esp.inpl.(heimtur) bringinghomesheepfromthesummer pastures (verða h. góðar). heimting, f. claim, demand. heimull, a. = heimoll, heimill. heim-ván,f.(1) prospectofcoming home; (2) prospect of salvation. hein, f. hone, whetstone. heinar-smjör, -sufl,n. thegreaseor liquor which mowers put on the whetstone. hein-berg,n. hone-quarry; -brýni,n. hone, whetstone. heipt,f.(1) feud,deadlywar;vinnaemh., towagewaragainstone;deilaheiptir, towagedeadlyfeud;(2) deadlyhatred, spite (meirrafh.enást);h.okharðindi, ill-willandtyranny;hafah.áe-m, tohate. heiptar-blóð,n. bloodshed;

-fenginn,a. breathinghatredagainst one; -hugr,m. wrath,hatred (hafa-hugá e-m); -mál,n., -orð,n.pl. wordsbreathing hatred. heipt-fenginn,a.=heiptarfenginn; -gjarn,a. spiteful; -móðr,a. wrathful; -mögr,m. foeman,adversary; -rækr,a. vindictive,revengeful; -úð,f. deadlyhatred,revengefulness; -yrði,n.pl. wordsof hatred.

heit,n.(1) solemnpromise,vow;efla (stofna,festa)heit, tomakeavow; strengjae-sh., tomakeasolemnvow;(2) pl. threats (hannstóðundirheitumokillyrðum).

heita (heit; hét, hétum; heitinn), v.(1) tocallgiveanameto;Grímnimik hétu, theycalledmeG.;heitinneptirem, called(named)afterone;(2) tocallon one;h.e-nábrott, tocallononetobe gone,bidonego (heititmikhéðan);h.á e-n, toexhortone (inbattle); toinvoke (h. áhinnheilagaÓlaf);h.áe-ntile-s, toinvoke(appealto)oneforathing (hannhét áÞórtilfulltings);(3)intrans.,thepres. ‘heiti’(not‘heit’), tobehight,becalled; Óðinnek,núheiti, nowIamcalledOdin; Ólafrheitiek, mynameisO.;Úlfrhét maðr, therewasaman,whosenamewas U.;bœrheitiráBakka(atbúrfelli), there isafarmcalledB.;h. (tobereckoned) frjálsmaðr,hversmannsníðingr;(4)with dat. topromise (h.e-me-u);mantu,hverjuþúhéztmér, doyourememberwhatyou promisedme? h.e-mhörðu, tothreaten one;Bárðivarheititmeyjunni, themaid waspromisedtoB.;(5)refl.,heitast, to vow,plightone’sfaith (þeirhétustreka Hákonórlandi);h.e-m, tovowone’spersontoone (h.hinumheilagaÓlafikonungi); to be betrothed to one.

heita (heitta, heittr),v.(1) toheat (h.spjótíeldi);(2) tobrew (h.mungát,h. öl).

heita, f. brewing (cf. ölheita).

heitan, f. threatening. heitanar-orð, n. pl. menaces. heitast (að),v.refl. tomakethreats,to speakthreateningly (aldreiheitaðisthann viðúvinisina);h.tile-s, tousethreatsto obtainathing;h.atgerae-t, tothreatento do a thing. heit-bundinn,pp. boundbyavow (íeuviðe-n); -fastr,a. truetoone’sword; -fengi,f. thebeing -fengr; -fengr,a. abletoeatone’sfoodburninghot; -fé,n. votivemoney; -guð,m. agodtowhoinone inakrs a vow.

heiti, n. name, denomination. heitingar,f.pl. threats,imprecations (h. ok hrakning).

heit-kona,f. one ’spromisedspouse; -orð, n. promise (of marriage). heitr,a.(1) hot,burning;eldiheitari, hotterthanfire;e-mverðrheitt, onegets warm;(2) hot,ardent,zealous (verðah. við e-t).

heit-ramr, a. boasting, braggart. heit-rof,n. breachoffaith; -rofi,m. promise-breaker. heitsi,a.,verðae-sh., toengage,oneself to a thing. heit-strenging,f. makingasolemn vow; -strengja (-da, -dr),v. tovow solemnly (=strengjae-sheit); -söngr, m. votive song. heitu-hús,n. brew-house; -ketill,m. boiler; -maðr, m. brewer. hekla, f. cowled or hooded frock. hel (gen. heljar,dat. helju),f.(1) Hel(thegoddessofdeath);blársemh., blackasHel;(2) abodeofthedead (gráta

Baldrórhelju);leysahöfuðsittórhelju, tosaveoneselffromdeath;rasaíhelina opna, torushintoopendeath;liggjaáheljarþremi, tobeonthevergeofdeath;(3) death (þykkirekkibetralífenhel);berja e-n grjóti í hel, to stone one to death. héla, f. hoar frost, rime. héla (héldi, héldr),v. tocoverwith rime; to fall as rime. hel-blár, a. black as death. heldr,adv.compar.(1) more,rather;h. en, ratherthan,morethan (vápnþeirra bitueigih.envendir);(2)ath., anythe more;also, allthemore (ath.tveimr,at ekmyndagjarnaveitayðröllum);atheldrþótt, evenalthough;(3) rather (núvartuh.tilskjótr,enekh.tilseinn);var brúðrindöpurh., thebridewasrather sad;(4)afteranegative, but,onthecontrary.

heldri,a.compar. better; helztr,a. superl. best;íheldralagi, inahighdegree;þykkirmönnumsáhelztrkostr, the best choice. hel-fúss,a. murderous (-fússhönd); -för, f. death. helga (að),v.(1)h.sérland toappropriatelandbyperformingsacredrites;(2) tohallowtoone (héthannathelgaÞórallt landnámsitt);(3)h.þing, toproclaimthe sanctityofameeting;h.e-n, toproclaim apersoninviolable;(4)refl.,helgast tohe sanctifled.

hel-galdr, m. death-dirge. helgan,f.(1) sanctification,sanctity; (2) sacrament. helgar-fríðr, m. holiday-truce. helgi,f.(1) holiness,sanctity (h.Ólafs konungs); (2) inviolability, security. helgi-brigði,n. Sabbath-breaking; -hald,n. holiday-keeping; -staðr,m.

holy place.

helgr (gen. helgar,dat.andacc. helgt;pl. helgar),f. holiday,festival; hringja til helgar, to ring for a festival. hel-gráðr,m. voracitybetokening death; -grindr, f. pl. Hel’s gate. heljar-karl,m.(1) accursedfellow;(2) onedoomedtodie; -maðr,m.(1) accursed fellow;(2) onedoomedtodie; -skinn,n. a dark-skinned person. heljast,v.refl. toworkhard (hannheljast á skálasmíð).

hella, f. flat stone, slab of rock. hella (-ta, -t),v. topourout (h.e-u); varhelltíþikmjólk, milkwaspouredintothymouth;h.útblóði,tárum, toshed blood, tears.

hellir (gen. hellis,dat.andacc. helli; pl. hellar), m. cave, cavern. hellis-berg,n. cavernousrock; -dyrr, f.pl. door(entrance)ofacave; -maðr,m. cave-dweller,outlaw; -munni,m. mouth of a cave; -skúti, m. jutting cave. hellna-grjót, n. flat stones, slabs. hellu-steinn, m. flat stone, slab. helma, f. haulm, straw. helming, f. = helmingr. helminga (að), v. to halve. helminga-skipti,n. divisionintwo equal portions. helmingr (-s, -ar),m. half;athelmingi, byhalf;skiptaíhelminga, tosharein two equal portions. helmings-félag,n. jointcompany (with equal shares). helsi, n. collar, esp. for a dog. hel-skór,m.pl. shoesforthedead; -stafir,m.pl. banefulcharacters; -strið, n. agony. heltast (t), v. refl. to become lame. helti, f. lameness.

hélu-fall,n. fallofrime; -kaldr,a. rime-cold; -þoka, f. rime-fog, mist. hel-vegr,m. thewaytoHel; -víti,n. hell, the abode of the damned. helvítis-kvalir,f.pl. tormentsofhell; -maðr, m. a man doomed to hell. helvízkr, a. hellish, infernal. helzt,adv.superl.(cf.‘heldr’), most ofall,especially (hefiekþathelztíhug mér).

helzti,adv. fartoo (=helzttil);h.lengi, far too long. helztr, a. superl., see ‘heldri’. hemingr, m. the skin of the shanks. henda (henda, hendr),v.(1) tocatch withthehand (hannkastaðiheininnií loptupp,enallirvilduh.); topickoutor up (hannsafnarmönnumtilath.svínin); h.e-taugum, tocatchwiththeeyes;h.til smáttokstórt, topickupsmallandgreat alike,lookcloselyafter;h.gaman(skemtan)ate-u, totakeadelightin (hannhendiskemtanatsögumokkvæðum);h. sakiráe-m, topickupchargesagainstone; (2) totouch,concernone (tíðendiþau,er bæðiokkrhenda);(3) tobefall,happen toone;þáhafðihentglœpskamikil, they hadcommittedagreatfolly;hannkvaðþat dugandimennh. (ithappenedtobrave men) at falla í bardögum. hendi-langr,a. helpful,readytohelp (vera e-m -langr um e-t).

hending (pl. -ar),f.(1) catching;var íhendingummeðþeim, theywerenear comingtoclosequarters;(2) rhymeorassonance; rhyming or assonating syllable. hendingar-orð, n. rhyming syllable. hendi-samr, a. picking, thievish. hengi-skafl, m. jutting heap of snow. hengja (-da, -dr),v. tohangup,suspend; tohangonagallows;h.sik, tohang

oneself.

henta (-nti, -nt,or að),v. tofit,be suitablefor (sárummönnumhentirbetr mjólkenmungát);eigihentirsvá, itwill not do that way.

henti-ligr, a. befitting, = hentr. hent-leikr, m. opportunity. hentr,a. fit,suitedforone;erslíkum mönnumbezthentþar, thereistheright place for such men. hentug-leikr, m. = hentleikr. hentugr, a. befitting, convenient. heppi-fengr, a. making a good catch. heppinn, a. lucky, fortunate. hepta (-pta, -ptr),v.(1) tobind,fetter;h.hross,hest, tohobbleahorse;(2) to impede,hinder (illterflýjandaath.);h. sik, torestrainoneself,forbear;refl. tobe thwarted (heptist ferð þeirra).

hepti, n. haft (of a dirk). hepting, f. tether; impediment. hepti-sax, n. a kind of digger. hér,adv.(1) here;álandih., inthis country;h.okhvar, hereandthere;(2) here,hither (margirþeirerh.koma);(3) withpreps.,h.af, herefrom,fromthis;h. eptir, hereafter,accordingtothis;h.fyrir, forthis,therefore;h.til, hereto;h.um, in this, as regards this. herað,n.(1) district;(2) country,opp. to ‘bœr’ (town). heraðs-bóndi,m. franklin; -bót,f. betteringtheaffairsofadistrict; -brestr, m. acrashthatcanbeheardalloverthe district; -bygð,f. adistrictanditspeople; -deild,f. districtquarrel; -fteygr,a. quicklyknownoveradistrict; -flótti,m. flightorexilefromadistrict; -fundr,m. districtmeeting; -íseta,f.=heraðs-vist; -kirkja,f. parishchurch; -konungr,n. kinglet; -ríkr,a. ofinfluenceinone’sdis-

trict; -sekr,a. outlawedwithinadistrict; -sekt,f. outlawrywithinadistrict; -stjórn,f. districtgovernment; -vist,f. abidingwithinacertaindistrict; -vært, a.n.,eiga-vært, tobeatlibertytoreside withinadistrict; -þing,n. districtassembly (in contrast to the ‘alþingi’).

herað-vært, a. n. = heraðs-vært.

her-baldr, m. poet., warrior. her-bergi,n.(1) room;(2) lodgings, quarters (varþeimvísatfyrstígestahús til herbergis).

herbergis-maðr,m., -sveinn,m. groom of the chamber. herbergja (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) toharbour (aperson);(2) tolodge,takeupone’squarters (= h. sik).

her-blástr,m. blastoftrumpets; -boð,n. warsummons; -brestr,m. explosion; -búðir,f.pl. camp; -búinn,pp. armed; -búnaðr, m. armament.

herða (-rða, -rðr),v.(1) tomakehard, temper (h.járn,sverð);(2) topress, clench;h.hendr(knúa)ate-u, toclench withthehands(fists);fig.,h.atgöngu, to maketheattackharder;(3) tomakefirm, exhort;h.huginn,h.sik, totakeheart, exertoneself;(4)absol. tofollowclosely, pursuevigorously (Birkibeinarherðueptir þeim);h.áfram, topushon;h.at(e-m) topresshard(uponone);(5)impers. tobecomehard;veðr(acc.)herði, itblewup agale;herðiseglit, thesailwasstrained hard (bythegale);(6)refl. totakeheart (bað konungr menn vel við herðast).

herða,f.(1) tempering (ofsteel), steeling; (2) hardness, severity. herða-drengr,m. humpontheback (cf.‘herðar’); -lítill,a. narrowshouldered; -munr,m. superiority,superior force.

herðar,f.pl. shoulders,theupperpart of the back.

herðar-blað, n. shoulder blade. herða-sár,n. awoundovertheshoulders; -toppr,m. shouldertuft (ofa horse’s mane).

herði, f. hardness, hardihood. herði-breiðr,a. broad-shouldered; -lítill,a.=herðalítill; -lútr,a. with stooping shoulders. herði-maðr, m. hardy man. herði-mikill,a.=herði-breiðr; -þykkr, a. thick-shouldered. herðu-góðr,a. welltempered (øx herðugóð ok snarpegg).

her-draga (see draga),v. todragviolently (at grípa, slá, eða h.).

her-fang,n. booty (takafée-sat-fangi); -fenginn,pp. captured,takenby force; -ferð,f.(1) warfare,militaryexpedition; (2) host. herfi, n. harrow. herfi-liga,adv. wretchedly; -ligr,a. wretched. her-fjöturr,m. ‘war-fetter’; -flokkr,m. bodyofwarriors; -fólk,n. menofwar; -fórur,f.pl. harness; -fœrr,a. ableforwarservice; -för,f. =-ferð(1); -ganga,f. march; -gjarn,a. warlike; -glötuðr,m. destroyerofhosts; -hlaup,n. rushingtoarms; -horn,n. war trumpet. heri,m. hare;hafaherahjarta, tobe hare-hearted. herja (að),v.(1) togoharryingorfreebooting;(2)withacc. todespoil,waste (h. land);refl.,herjastá, toharry(wagewar on) one another. herja-föðr, m. father of hosts, Odin. herjan,m. Lordofhosts (anameof Odin).

herjans-kerling

herjans-kerling,f. hag; -sonr,m. ‘devil’s limb’, wretch.

her-kastali, m. castle, stronghold.

her-kerling,f.,onlyin‘hver-kerling’, every old woman.

herkja, v. to drag oneself along.

her-klukka,f. alarm-bell; -klæða (-dda, -ddr),v. toclotheinarmour;refl., -klæðast, toputonarmour; -klasti,n. pl. armour; -konungr,m. warrior-king; -kumbl, -kuml,n. wartoken,arms (on shields).

hér-kváma, f. arrival.

her-land,n. harriedland; -leiða (-dda, -ddr),v. toleadoffintocaptivity; -leiðing,f. captivity; -leiðsla,f.=herleiðing.

hér-lendr, -lenzkr,a. domestic,native, opp. to ‘útlenzkr’ (foreign).

her-lið,n. war-people,troops; -ligr, a. marlial-looking; -lúðr,m. wartrumpet (þeyta h.).

herma (-da, -dr),v.(1) torelate,repeat,report (h.orðe-s);(2)h.eptire-m, to imitate or mimic one. her-maðr,m. manofwar,warrior (hann var mikill h.).

hermann-liga,adv. gallantly; -ligr, a. gallant, martial. hermast (d),v.refl. towaxwroth (e-m hermist við e-n).

hermd, f. vexation, aimer.

hermdar-fullr,a. wrathful; -litr,m. colourofwrath; -orð,n.pl. angrywords; -verk,n. deedofrenown (?); -yrði,n.pl. = -orð.

her-megir, m. pl. warriors. hermi-kráka, f. mimic, ape. hermi-liga, adv. right angrily. herming, f. indignation, wrath. hermt,pp.n.,e-mverðrh.viðe-t, to

wax angry with a thing. hérna, adv. here (= hér).

hernaðar-fólk,n., -menn,m.pl. plunderers,forayers; -ráð,n.pl. aplanning for plunder; -sök, f. a case of raid. hernaðr (gen. -ar),m.(1) harryng, plundering;(2) warfare,raid,foray (hefja hernað, fara í hernað).

her-nema (see nema),v. tocapture, take by force. herneskja, f. armour. her-numi,a., -numinn,pp. captive; -óp, n. war-cry, war-whoop. herr (gen. hers,older herjar),m. (1) crowd,greatnumber (fylgdiossh. manna);meðhermanns, withahostof men;úvígarh., overwhelminghost;(2) army,troops (onlandandsea).Cf.‘allsherjar-’.

herra (indecl.insing.;pl. herrar), m. master, lord. herra (að),v. toconferthetitle ‘herra’ upon a person. herra-dómr,m., -dœmi,n. lordship; dominion; -ligr,a. lordly; -maðr,m. lordly man, lord, knight. herramann-liga,adv. inalordlymanner; -ligr, a. lordly. herra-samligr, a. = herraligr. her-saga, f. war-news. hers-borinn, pp. born of a hersir. hers-höfðingi,m. commanderofan army; general. hersir (-is, -ar),m. alocalchieflord (in Norway). herskapar-búningr,m. warlike equipment; -fœri, n. implement of war. her-skapr,m. harrying,warfare; -skár,a.(1) warlike,martial;(2) exposed toraidorwarfare,inastateofwar (landit varþáherskátt;íþanntímavarmjók

-skátt); -skip,n. warship; -skjöldr,m. warshield;faraland-skildi, toharrya land (=herjaland); -skrúð,n., -skrúði, m. harness; -skrýddr,pp. cladinarmour; -spori, m. caltrop. herstast (st),v.refl. tospeakharshly to one (h. á e-n).

hersti-ligr, a. harsh. her-stjóri,m. commander; -stjórn, f. command of troops.

herstr,a. harsh;mælaherstviðe-n, to speak harshly to one. her-taka (see taka),v. tocapture; -takakonu, toabductawoman; -taka, f. captivity; -taki,m. captive; -tekja, -tekning, f. = -taka.

hertoga-dómr,m. leadership; dukedom; -dœmi,n. duchy; -nafn,n. titleof a duke.

her-togi,m.(1) commanderoftroops; (2) duke; -váðir,f.pl. armour; -vápn,n. pl. weapons; -vegr,m. highway; -virki, n. ravaging, plundering, damage.

hér-vist, f. dwelling here.

her-vígi,n. ravage,man-slaughter; -víkingr,m. plunderer,pirate; -væða (-dda, -ddr), v. = -klæða.

herzla, f. tempering (of steel).

her-þurft,f. wantoftroops; -ör,f. ‘ war-arrow ’ (sentroundasatoofwar); skeraupp-ör, tosummonadistrictto arms.

hesli,n. hazel-wood; -kylfa,f. hazel club; -skógr,m. hazel-wood; -stöng,f. hazel-pole; -vöndr, m. hazel wand. hespa,f.(1) hasp,fastening;(2) skein (of wool).

hesta-at,n. horse-fight; -birgr,a. Wellprovidedwithhorses; -geldir,m. horsegelder; -geymsla,f. horsekeeping; -gneggjan,f. neighingofhorses; -gnýr,

m. noise(din)ofhorsemen; -járn,n.pl. horse-shoes; -keyrsla,f. drivingthehorseson,inhorse-fight; -kostr,m. supplyof horses (hafalítinn-kost); -líð,n. horsemen; -maðr,m.=-svein; -skipti,n. changeofhorses; -stafr,m. horsestaff (usedinahorse-fight); -stallr,m.= hest-hús; -sveinn,m. horseboy,groom; -vað,n. horseford; -víg,n. horse-fight; -þing,n. ameetingforapublichorsefight.

hest-bak,a. horse-back; -bein,n. horsebone; -birgr,a.=hestabirgr; -brynja,f. armourforawar-horse; -búnaðr,m. horse-gear; -fœrr,a. ableto ride; -gangr,m. setofhorseshoes; -gjöf,f. giftofahorse; -hús,n. horsestall,stable; -klárr,m. hack; -lán,n. loanofahorse; -lauss,a. withoutahorse. hestr (-s, -ar),m.(1) stallion (hestar þrír ok merhross eitt); (2) horse. hest-skeið,n. race-course; -skór,m. horse-shoe; -tönn,f. horse’stooth; -verð,n. horse’sworth; -víg,n.=hestavíg; -vörðr,m. mountedguard (halda hestvörð).

hetja, f. hero, dauntless man. hetju-skapr, m. courage, valour. hetta, f. (1) hood; (2) a kind of cape. hey (dat. heyi or heyvi),n. hay;hirða h., togetinhay;pl. storesofhay (hann hefir rænt mik öllum heyjum). hey-annir,f.pl. hay-makingtime,hayingseason; -björg,f. storesofhay (varð all-lítil-björgmanna); -des,f. hay-rick; -fang,n. produceofhay; -fátt,a.n., var-fátt, therewaslittlehay; -garðr,m. stack-yard. heygja (-ta, -tr),v. toburyinahow (haugr), = haugfœra. hey-gjöf,f. givinghay (tohorsesor

cows); -hjálmr,m. hay-rick; -hlass,n. load of hay.

heyja (hey; háða, háiðr),v.(1) to hold,conduct (h.þing,dóm);h.gleði to indulgeinmirth;h.sérorðfjölda toacquireastoreofwords;(2)h.orrostu, bardaga,hólmgöngu tofightabattleor duel (hannhafðimargarorrosturháðar); refl.,heyjastvið(viz. bardaga), tofight, bandywords (þeirháðustþarviðum stund).

heykjast (t),v.refl. tobend,cower down (h. niðr).

heyri-ligr,a. becoming;mérer-ligt at, it is incumbent on me to. heyrin-kunnigr, -kunnr,a. well known, known to all. heyrn,f. hearing;íh.e-m, inone’s hearing;sumtritaðihanneptirsjálfssíns h., from what he heard himself. heyrum-kunnr, a. = heyrin-kunnr. hey-sala,f. saleofhay; -stái,n. the middleofahay-stack; -taka,f. plunderof hay; -teigr,m. stripofahayfield; -tjúga,f. pitchfork; -verð,n. paymentfor hay; -verk,n. haymaking; -vöndull, m. wispofhay; -þrot,n. wantofhay; -þrota,a.indecl. shortofhay; -önn,f.= -annir.

hifna-, = himna-. higat, adv. = hingat.

hildi-leikr,m. gameofwar,battle (poet.); -meiðr, m. warrior (poet.). hildingr (-s, -ar), m. chief, hero. hildr (gen. hildar,dat.andacc. hildi),f. battle (poet.);vekjabildi, towage war, to fight. hilmir (gen. -is), m. chief, prince. himbrin, n. great northern diver. himin-bora,f.=-rauf; -fastr,a. fixed inheaven (ofstars); -geisli,m. heavenly beam; -jöðurr,m. therimofheaven; -lopt, n. the vault of heaven. himinn (gen. himins,dat. himni;pl. himnar),m. heaven;undirberumhimini, in the open air.

himin-raufar,f.pl. thewindowsof heaven; -ríki,n. kingdomofheaven; -skaut,n. quarterofheaven; -tungl,n. heavenlybody; -vangr,m. fieldofheaven (á -vanga).

himna-brauð,n. breadofheaven,man-

hey-kleggi,m.=hey-des; -kostr,m. storesofhay; -lauss,a. shortofhay; -leiga,f. rentpaidinhay; -leysi,n. failureinhay; -lítill,a. shorthay;varheylitit, there was little hay. heyra (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) tohear;h. heyrirþat,ergrasgrœrájörðu, hearsthe grassgrow;h.illa, hardofhearing;h.ettile-s, tohear(asound)fromone;hefir hvárkiheyrttilhansstynnéhosta, neithergroannorcoughhasbeenheardfrom him;heyrirblástr(acc.)hansíallaheima, whenheblows,itcanheheardinallthe worlds;(2) tolistento,giveearto;h.bœn e-s, tolistento(togrant)one’sprayer;h. áe-t, tolisten (=hlýðaáe-t);(3)h.tiles or e-mtil, tobelongto,concern (þetta mál,erheyrirtildótturþinnar);þater tilmínheyrir, asfarasIamconcerned; (4)withdat. tobehave (mérheyrireigiat þegjaviðyðr);(5)refl.e-mheyriste-t, onethinkshehears;þáheyrðistþeimöllumsemsveinninnkvæðiþetta, theyall thought they heard the boy say this (verse). heyrandi (pl. -endr),m. hearer;í heyranda(gen.pl.)hljóði, inthehearing of all, in public. heyrðr,pp.(1) abletohear (h.vel);(2) listenedto,paidheedto,esteemed (biskup vel heyrðr).

na; -dróttinn,m. kingofheaven; -fagnaðr,m. heavenlyjoy; -mjöl,n. flourof heaven,manna; -ríki,n. kingdomofheaven; -vald,n. heavenlypower; -vist,f. abode in heaven. himneskr, a. heavenly. hind, f. hind (female of ‘hjörtr’). hindra (að),v.(1) tokeepbehind,hinder;(2) toloiter,linger;h.eptire-u, toloiteraboutathing;(3)impers.,e-nhindrar e-t, one wants or lacks a thing. hindri,a.compar.(rare),hindradags, the next day.

hindr-vitni, f. idolatry, superstition. hingat,adv. hither; -burðr,m. the birthofChrist; -ferð,f. journeyhither; -för,f. journeyhither; -kvæma,f. coming hither, arrival. hinka (að), v. to limp, hobble. hinkr, n. loitering, delay. hinn (hin, hitt),dem.pron.(1) the other;áhinnfótinn, ontheotherleg;pl. theothers,therest (Kimbibarsársínenganmunbetrenhinir);(2)emphatically, that;hittekhugða, thatwaswhatI thought;hittvilekvita, thatIwantto know.

hinn (hin, hit),def.art.,beforean adjectivestandingaloneorfollowedbya substantive, the,=inn,enn(eptirhinni eystri kvísl).

hinna, f. film, membrane. hinnig (= hinneg, hinnog),adv.(1) there,intheotherplace,opp.to‘hér’;(2) theotherway (=hinnveg);(3) thus,so; (4) the other day formerly; (5) hither. hinztr (hinnstr),a.superl. hindmost,last;hinztasinni, forthelasttime; h. fundr, the last meeting. hirð,f. aking’sorearl’sbodyguard; the king’smen (hannhefiráh.umsiksem konungr).

hirða (-rða, -rðr),v.(1) tokeepina boxorchest (Ásgerðrhirðislœðurnar,þar semáðrvóru);(2)h.hey, togatherinhay; (3) tohide,conceal;(4) tomind,carefor (aldregihirðiekþat);h.eigiume-t, not tocareabout (þeirhirðuekkiumlífsitt); hirðeigi,hirðiteigi, donotseek (hirðeigi þú at hopa á hæl!).

hirð-biskup,m. king’sbishop; -bróðir,m. comradeoftheking’smen; -búnaðr, m. apparel for king’s man. hirðir (-is, -ar),m. herdsman,shepherd; pastor. hirð-lið,n. theking’stroops; -ligr,a. belongingtotheking’smen,courtly (-lig málsnild); -lög,n.pl. lawsandstatutes oftheking’smen,theircommunityorfellowship (takae-ní-lög); -maðr,m. king’s men.

hirðmanna-lúðr,m. atrumpetbelongingtotheking’smen; -stefna,f. a hustings of the king’s men. hirð-mær,f. courtlady; -prestr,m. king’schaplain; -prúðr,a. courteous; -prýði,f. royalpomp; -siðir,m.pl. the customsoftheking’smen; -stefna,f. meetingoftheking’smen; -stjóri,m. the captainoftheking’smen; -stjórn,f. the dignityofa stjóri; -stofa,f. king’shall; -sveit,f. thehostofking’smen; -vist,f. the position of a king’s man. hirðu-leysa, f. carelessness, neglect. hirsi, n. millet. hirta (-rta, -rtr), v. to chastise. hirting, f. chastisement. hirtingar-lauss,a. unchastised; -leysi,n. wantofchastisement; -orð,n. pl. severe words; -samr, a. severe. hirzla, f. (1) keeping; (2) box, chest. hita, f. heating, heat.

hiti, m. heat, warmth.

hitna (að),v. tobecomehot;impers., e-m hitnar, one gets hot (warm).

hitta (-tta, -ttr),v.(1) tohitupon, meetwithone;h.ráð, tohituponadevice; h.leiðina, tofindone’sway;absol.,h.inn íváginn, tofindthewayintothebay;sjaldanhittirleiðrílið, anunwelcomeguest alwaysmissesthefeast;h.ívandræði, to getintoscrapes;h.áe-t, tohitupon (hitti hannþaráþórolf);(2) tohit,strike (spjótithittiíbrjósthestsins);(3) tovisit, callon,see (fóruþámargirmennath. Hákonkonung);(4)refl.,hittast, tomeet oneanother;hannbaðþávelfaraokheila h. (meet again safe and sound). hitu-eldr,m. afireforheating(brewing); -hús,n. brew-house; -ketill,m. boiler.

hixta (-xta, -xt),v. tohiccough; tosob; meðaníöndhixti, whilethebreathrattled in his throat.

hixti, m. hiccough; sobbing.

hí-býli, n. see ‘hý-býli’.

híð, n. lair, den, esp. of a bear. híð-björn, m. common bear.

hít, f. skin-bag.

hjal, n. chatter, talk.

hjala (að),v. tochatter,talk (h.e-n); hjalast við, to talk together.

hjaldr (-rs), m. fight, battle (poet.). hjal-drjúgt,a.n. talkative,chatting; þeimverðr-drjúgt, theyhavemuchtosay. hjalli, m. ledge in a mountain side. hjallr,m.(1) scaffold,frameoftimber; (2) shed (for drying fish).

hjals-kona, f. female friend. hjalt,n.(1) thebossorknobattheend ofaswordhilt (eptra,efrahjaltit);(2) the guardbetweenthehiltandblade (fremra hjaltit).

hjalt-land,n. Shetland; -lendingr (-s, -ar),m. Shetlander; -lenzkr, -neskr, a. from Shetland. hjara, f. hinge, = hjarri. hjarðar-sveinn, m. = hjarð-sveinn. hjarð-hundr,m. shepherd’shound; -reki,m.=-sveinn; -rækr,a. ableto driveadrove; -sveinn,m. shepherdboy; -tík, f. shepherd’s dog. hjarn, n. hard frozen snow. hjarna (að),v. torevive,recover strength (h. við).

hjarni, m. brain, = heili.

hjarn-skál, m. brain pan, skull. hjarri, m. hinge. hjarsi, m. the crown of the head. hjarta (pl. hjörtu,gen. hjartna)n. (1) heart; (2) mind, feeling. hjarta-blauðr,a. cowardly; -blóð,n. heart’sblood; -góðr,a. kind-hearted; -ligr,a. hearty; -prúðr,a. stout-hearted,generous; -prýði,f. stoutnessofheart, courage; -ragr,a.=-blauðr; -rœtr,f. pl. heartstrings; -sár,n. heartwound; -tregi, m. heart-ache. hjart-blóð,n.=hjarta-blóð; -fólginn,pp. heart-felt,cherishedinheart; -mörr,m. thefatabouttheheart; -næmr,a. heart-touching; -sári,a. heartsore, broken-hearted. hjart-skinn,n. deer-skin (hjartskinns glófar).

hjassi, m. see ‘hjarsi’. hjassi, m. a fabulous beast. hjá,prep.withdat.(1) by,near;liggja (sitja)h.e-m, tolie(sit)byone;sofa (hvíla)hjáe-m, tosleepwithone;h.durunum, near(closeto)thedoor;(2) by, with;verah.e-m, tostaywithone;veraí gistinguh.e-m, tolodgewithone;maðr einnvareptirh.honum, wasleftwith

him;(3) present;sváatFlosivarh., inthe presenceofF.;(4) past,by;fara,gangah. e-m, togoby,passone (mánaðisíðarrfóru þeirh.mérkátir);farasth., topassbyone another;farah.sér, togobesideoneself; framh.Knafahólum, pastK.;þeirriðuh. fram, theyrodeby;(5) incomparisonwith (to);höfðuþeirfáttkvikfjárh.þvísem þurfti, theyhadfewlivestockincomparison with what was needed. hjá-bú,n. out-lyingestate; -hvíla,f. concubinage; -kona,f. concubine; -leikr, m. trick. hjálmaðr, pp. helmed. hjálm-barð,n. helmet-rim; -bönd,n. pl. helmetstrings; -drótt,f. helmedhost, warhost; -gjörð,f. rimofahelmet; -höttr,m. helmet-hood (akindofcowl putoverthehelmet); -laukr,m. akind of leek, garlic. hjálmr (-s, -ar),m.(1) helm,helmet; (2) rick (of hay or barley). hjálm-stafr,m. warrior (poet.); -stofn,m. thehead; -vítr,f. ‘helmwight’, Valkyrie.

hjálmun-völr, hjálm-völr,m. tiller of a helm.

hjálp (-ar, -ir), f. help.

hjálpa (help; halp or hjalp, hulpum; hólpinn),v.(1) tohelp (h.em);h.e-mvið=h.e-m;(2) tosave (h.lífi sínu);refl. tobesaved (þámunuvérhjálpast allir saman).

hjálpa (að), v. = prec. hjálpar-gata, f. a way to help. hjálpari, m. helper, saviour. hjálpar-lauss,a. helpless; -maðr,m. (1) helper;(2) onesaved;ekmunvera -maðr,ef, Ishallbesaved,if; -ráð,n. helping advice. hjálp-lauss,a. helpless; -leysi,n.

helplessness; -ráð, -ræði,n. helpingadvice; help,meansofsaving; -samligr,a. helpful,salutary; -semd,f. help,salvation; -vænligr,a. promisinghelp,likelyto help, salutary; -vænn, a. = -vænligr.

hjá-máll,a. refractory,obstinate; -staða,f. assistance; -stigr,m. by-path; -tœkr,a. missingone’shold; -vera, -vist, f. presence. hjól,n. wheel (vagnaráhjólum);brjóta á hjóli, to break (a person) on the wheel. hjól-vagn, m. cart on wheels. hjón or hjún,n.(1) oneofthehousehold (griðkonavarhitþriðjah.);(2)pl. marriedcouple,manandwife (Höskuldrbað hanavinnaþeimhjónum);(3) domestic, servant (efþúsýnirskilríki,athannsé þitth.=þinnvinnumaðr);rézthannþar at hjóni, he took service there. hjóna, n. = hjón (rare).

hjóna-band,n. matrimony; -lið,n. domesticservants; -ligr,a. connubial; -skilnaðr,m. divorce; -tak,n. hiringof servants; -val,n. choiceofservants (eigi hefik dyggt h.).

hjón-margr,a.,hafa-margt, tohave many servants. hjú (pl. hjú,dat. hjúm),n.=hjón, hjún;(1)þeirrákuhannístofuokhjú hansöll, andallhishousehold-people;(2) hjúgørðuhvílu, manandwifewenttorest; (3)hannreiðheimáLaugalandokréðsér hjú, and engaged servants. hjúfra (að), v. to weep. hjúka (að),v. tonurse asickperson(h. e-m,h.at or viðe-m);refl., torecover strength (hónhjúkastlíttviðþessafœðu). hjúkan, f. nursing (of a sick person).

hjú-kólfr, m. convivial meeting. hjún, n. = hjón.

hjúpa (að), v. to shroud (a corpse).

hjúpr, m. a kind of doublet. hjúskapar-band,n. bondofmatrimony; -far,n. cohabitation; -mál,n. acase referringtomarriage; -ráð,n.pl. thecontractingofmatrimony; -samlag,n. wedlock.

hjú-skapr, m. matrimony. hjölp (gen. hjalpar), f. = hjálp.

hjörð (gen. hjarðar,dat. hjörðu; pl. hjarðir), f. herd, flock. hjör-drótt,f. sword-company; -leikr,m. ‘sword-play’,fight; -lögr,m. ‘sword-liquid’, blood (poet.).

hjörr (gen. hjarar and hjörs,dat hjörvi), m. sword. hjör-stefna,f. ‘sword-meeting’,battle, fight (poet.).

hjörtr (gen. hjartar,dat. hirti;pl. hirtir, acc. hjörtu), m. hart, stag. hjör-undaðr,pp. woundedbyasword; -þing, n. = -stefna.

hlað,n.(1) pile,stack;(2) pavement (in frontofahomestead);(3) border,lacework; feldr búinn hlöðum, a laced cloak. hlaða (hleð; hlóð, hlóðum; hlaðinn),v.(1) topileup (h.korniíhjálma);h.grjóti(hellum)athöfðioðrum, to bepresentatanother’sburial,tosurvive; (2) tobuild,withacc.(h.vegg,vörðu); (3) toload,esp. ladeaship (h.skipe-u, afe-u,meðe-u);kisturhlaðnarafgulli, chestsladenwithgold;(4) tofell,lay prostrate,withdat.(gátuþeirhlaðithonumumsíðirokbunduhann);h.seglum, totakeinsail;(5) toslay (beravápná Finnanaokfáhlaðitþeim);(6)refl., hlaðastat, tothrong,crowd;vérviljumeigi,atfjölmennihlaðistat(throngtosee), ervérerumafklæddir;hlaðastámarabóga, to mount the horses. hlaða, f. store-house, barn.

hlað-búð,f. aboothwithwallsofturfor stones.

hlað-búinn,pp. ornamentedwithlace, laced (= hlöðum búinn).

hlaði, m. pile, stack. hlakka (að),v.(1) tocry,scream (ofthe eagle);(2) torejoice;h.yfire-u, toexult over a thing.

hlamm, n. a dull, heavy sound. hlamma (að),v.(1) togiveadull,heavy sound; (2) to exult. hland,n. urine; -ausa, -skjóla,f., -trog, n. urine trough. hlass, n. cart-load. hlaup,n.(1) leap,jump (Egillhljópyfir díkit,enþatvarekkiannaramannah.); (2) run,running;takah., totaketorunning,torun (hanntókh.heimtilherbergis);veraíhlaupumoksendiförum, to runonerrands;(3) asuddenrise (inariver), flood,freshet (hlaupkomíána);(4) assault (= frumhlaup). hlaupa (hleyp; hljóp, hljópum; hlaupinn),v.(1) toleap,jump (hann hljópmeirrenhæðsina);hljópuþeirá hestasína, theysprangupontheirhorses; h.fyrirborð,útbyrðis, toleapoverboard; h.ásund, toleapintothewater;h.upp, tospringtoone’sfeet,startup (þáhljópu varðmermupp);(2)=renna, torun (þeir hlaupaeptir,enhannkemstáskógundan);refl.,hlaupastábrott, torunaway; (3)ofariver, toflood;hljópuvötnfram okleystiárnar, thewatersroseinflood andtheicewasbroken;ofice,mikitsvell varhlaupitupp(therewasagreatsloping sheetofice)öðrumeginfljótsins;(4)with preps.,h.ate-m,h.áe-n, toattackone; h.á, tocomesuddenlyon,springup,ofa gale(þáhljópáútsynningrsteinóði);h. saman,ofawound, tohealover;h.ísun-

dr, toopenupagain (sáritvarhlaupití sundr).

hlaupa-far,n. assault;pl. -för, uproar; -piltr, m. errand boy. hlaupari,m.(1) landlouper;(2) charger (horse).

hlaup-ár, n. leap-year.

hlaupingi (pl. -jar),m. landlouper, runaway.

hlaup-óðr,a. inagreatflurry; -rífr, a. precipitate; -stigr,m. run-away-path (taka e-n á þeim -stigi).

hlaut, f. blood of sacrifice.

hlaut-bolli,m. sacrificialbowl; -teinn,m. sacrificialtwig (forsprinkling the blood with).

hlaut-viðr,m. rodimmersedinsacrificial blood, divination rod. hláka, f. thaw.

hlána (að),v. tothaw (veðrtókat þykkna ok hlána).

hlátr (gen. -rar and -rs),m. laughter; rekaupph., toburstoutlaughing;hafae-t athlátri, toridicule,makealaughing-stock of.

hlátr-mildr, a. prone to laughing. hlé,n.(1) shelter;(2) lee,leeside;sigla á h., to stand to leeward.

hlé-barðr,m.(1) leopard (alsopoet. bear, wolf); (2) shield (poet.).

hlé-borð, n. the lee side.

hleði, m. shutter (= hleri).

hléðr, a. famous, renowned (?).

hleifr (-s, -ar), m. loaf.

hleifs-efni, n. dough for a loaf. hleina (-da), v. to guard oneself (?). hlekkjast (t),v.,inthephrase,e-m hlekkistá, onegetsimpeded,suffersmiscarriage. hlekkr (-s or -jar;pl. -ir),m. link;pl. a chain of links.

hlemmr (-s, -ar), m. trap-door. hlenni, m. robber (poet.).

hlenni-maðr, m. robber, thief. hlér (gen. hlés), m. the Sea. hler,n. listening;standaáhleri, to stand eaves-dropping or listening. hlera (að), v. to listen. hleypa (-ta, -t),v.(1) tomakeonerun orgo; tomoveorimpel insomeway;h. njósnarmönnumálandupp, tosendspies ashore;hleyptihannannarribrúninni ofanákinnina, heletoneeye-browsink uponthecheek;h.hurðílás, toshuta door;h.ánniívegsinn, toleadtheriver intoitschannel;h.e-uáe-n, tocauseto falluponone (hleyptiGróaskriðuáþá); hannhleypirútvatnimikluórsullinum, hepressesmuchwateroutofthesore;h. óre-mauganu, topoketheeyeout;(2) tothrowoff (h.heimdraganum);h. akkerum, tocastanchors;(3)h.berkiaf trjám, tocutthebarkoffthetrees;h.upp dóminum, tobreakupthecourt (byviolence);(4) togallop,rideswiftly =h.hesti (Hrungnirvarðreiðrokhleyptieptir honum).

hleypi-fífl,n. aheadlongfool; -flokkr,m. bandofrovers; -för,f. ramble,roving; -hvel,n.akindof warengine; -maðr, m. rover. hleyping, f. galloping. hleypi-piltr,m. errand-boy; -skip, n., -skúta, f. swift boat. hleyta-menn, m. pl. kinsmen. hleyti,n.(1) part =leyti;(2)pl. affinity;gørah.,bindasthleytumviðe-n, to marry into another’s family. hlið,n.(1) gate,gateway (h.heitirá garði);(2) widegap;(3) space,interval (varhvergih.ímilli);(4) spaceoftime; pause,halt (eptirþatvarðh.áorrostun-

ni).

hlið (pl. -ar),f. side;standaáaðrah. e-m, tostandononesideofone;átvær hliðare-m, oneithersideofone;áallar hliðar, on all sides.

hliða (að),v. togiveway,recede (h.undan,h.fyrire-m);refl.,hliðast, tobecome open.

hlið-farmr,m. ‘side-burthen’,load (farmrGrana); -lauss,a. withoutagate oropening (veggir-lausir); -mæltr,pp. said in oblique speech.

hlið-skjálf, f. the seat of Odin. hlið-skjár,m. sidewindow; -veggr, m. side wall.

hlið-vörðr, m. porter.

hlíð (pl. -ir),f. mountainside,slope (fagrar hlíðir grasi vaxnar).

hlíf (pl. -ar),f. cover,shelter,protection, esp. shield. hlífa (-ða, -t),v.(1) toshelter,protect, withdat.(h.sérmeðskildi,envegameð sverði);(2) tospare,dealgentlywith (mun ekekkih.þérígørðinni);refl.,hlífastvið e-n, tospareone (hannhlífðistþáviðenganmann);h.viðatgørae-t, torefrain fromdoingathing;h.við, toholdback (sumir hlífðust við mjök).

hlífar-lauss, a. uncovered. hlífð, f. protection, defence. hlífðar-lauss,a.=hlífarlauss; -staðr,m. safeplace; -vápn,n. weapon of defence. hlífi-skjöldr (hlíf-skjöldr),m. shield of defence (hafa e-n at -skildi).

hlít,f. sufficiency,satisfaction;til (nökkurrar)hlítar, tolerably,prettywell; at góðri h., very well indeed. hlíta (-tta, -tt),v.(1) torelyon,trust, withdat.(hlítirÁstríðrekkiöðrumkonumatþvíatþjónahonumílauginni);(2)

torestsatisfiedwith,becontentwith (var hannkvæntr,enhlíttiþóeigiþeirrieinnisaman);eigimáþvíeinuh.,erbezt þykkir, onemustputupwithsomething shortofthebest;eigimunminnaviðh., lessthanthatwillnotdo;eigimuntuþví einufyrirh., thoushaltnotgetoffwith that;(3) tosubmitto,abideby (h.sætt,h. órskurði, dómi, ráðum e-s).

hljóð,n.(1) silence,hearing;biðja (kveðjasér)hljóðs, tobeg(askfor)ahearing (Njállkvaddisérhljóðs);fáh., toget ahearing;þegjaþunnuhljóði, tokeepa watchfulsilence;afhljóði,íhljóði, inall stillness,silently;(2) sound (Þorfinnrkom enguhljóðilúðrinn);komaáh.ume-t, to becomeawareof;dreprh.óre-m, oneis struckdumb;(3) musicalsound,tune;(4) trumpet (h. Heimdallar = Gjallarhorn).

hljóða (að),v. tosound (hverrstafr hljóðar með löngu hljóði eða skömmu). hljóðaðr,a. sounding;sorgsamligah., having a plaintive note. hljóða-grein,f. distinctionofsound, accentuation. hljóðan, f. sound, tune. hljóð-bjalla,f. tinklingbell; -fall,n. consonancy; -fegrð,f. euphony; -fyllandi,m., -fylling,f.=stuðill; -fœri, n. musicalinstrument; -góðr,a. welltuned; -látr,a. reticent,taciturn; -leikr,m. silence,sadness; -liga,adv. inallstillness,silently; -ligr,a. silent; -lyndr,a. taciturn; -læti,n. stillness; -mikill,a. shrill-sounding; -mæli,n. secrecy; fœra e-t í -mæli, to hush up. hljóðna (að),v. tobecomesilent;þar tilhljóðnarummálþessi, tillthenoise about it subsides. hljóðr (hljóð, hljótt),a. silent,taciturn;talahljótt, tospeakinalowvoice;

látahljóttumsik, tokeepquiet:varhljótt, there was silence.

hljóð-samliga,adv.=hljóðliga; -samr,a.=hljóðr; -semd, -semi,f. stillness, calmness.

hljóðs-grein,f.(1) akindofsound;(2) pronunciation; (3) accentuation. hljóð-stafr, m. vowel.

hljómr (gen. -s), m. sound, tune.

hljóta (hlýt; hlaut, hlutum; hlotinn),v.(1) togetbylot,tohaveallottedtooneself (hónhlautatsitjahjá Björgólfi);(2) toget (h.sigr);margirhlutugottafhansráðum, manybenefited byhiscounsels;(3) toundergo,suffer (h. högg,úför,harm);(4) tobeobligedto;svá munnúh.atvera, itmustneedsbeso; farahlýtrþúmeðmér, thoumustgowith me;(5)refl.,hljótastafe-u, toresultor proceedfrom (munhérh.afmargsmanns bani);hlauztsvátil,atþátunnáttiIngimundr, it so happened that. hlotnast (að),v.refl. tofalltolot (em hlotnast e-t).

hlóa, v. to be boiling hot.

hlóðyn (gen. -ynjar), f. the Earth.

hlummr (-s, -ar), m. handle of an oar.

hlumr (-s, -ir),m.(1)=hlummr;(2) roller = hlunnr.

hlunka (að),v. togiveadull,hollow sound (brúinhlunkaðiundirhófunum hestanna).

hlunn-goti, m. poet. ship. hlunnindi, n. pl. emoluments.

hlunnr (-s, -ar),m. rollerforlaunching or drawing up ships.

hlunn-vigg, n. poet. = -goti. hlust (pl. -ir), f. ear (= eyra).

hlusta (að), v. to listen (h. til e-s).

hluta (að),v.(1) todraw(cast)lotsfora thing (h.e-torh.ume-t);(2) toselectby

lot (vórumennhlutaðirtilskipstjórnar); (3)refl.,hlutaðistsvátil,at, itsoturned outthat (=hlauztsvátil,at);hlutasttiles, tomeddlewithathing (ekkihefiekhlutazttilmálaferla,yðvarra);h.tilmeðem, to assist one in a case.

hlut-deila (-da, -dr),v. tomeddle withathing (-deilae-t); -deilinn,a. meddlesome; -deilni,f. meddlesomeness; -drjúgr,a. lucky,gettingthebettershare; -fall,n. castingoflots;leggjae-ttil -falls, tosettleathingbydrawinglots; bjóðatil-falla, tobidoneproceedtocast lots; -gengr,a. uptothemark;-gengrvið e-n, equaltoone,amatchforone; -girni, f. = -deilni; -gjarn, a. = -deilinn.

hluti,m.(1) part (íþeimhlutaveraldar);atmínumhluta, formypart,asfar asIamconcerned;(2) share,lot;geraá hlutae-s, towrongone;eptirerennyðarr h., your part (of the work) remains yet. hlut-lauss,a. notpartakingin,having takennopartin (-lausseðrsýknafmanndrápi); -laust,adv.,ríða-laust, topass free, unmolested. hlutr (-ar, -ir),m.(1) lot;bera(leggja)hlutiískaut, tothrowthelotsinto acloth(lapofagarment);skera(marka) hluti, tomarkthelots;(2) amukt,talisman (h.erhorfinnorpússiþínum);(3) share, allotment,portion (hannfœrðiØlviskip sinokkallarþatverahanshlut);(4) part (ofawhole);höggvaítváhluti, tocutin twoparts;mestrh.liðs, themostpartof thecompany;meirih.dómanda, themajorityofthejudges;tveimhlutumdýrra, twiceasdear;(5) participation;eigahlut íe-u or ate-u, tohavepartin,beconcernedin (méruggir,athérmunieigigæfumennhlutíeiga);þarerþúættirhlut at, whereinthouwastconcerned;(6) con-

dition,position,lot;eigahlute-s, tobe inone’splace(position);efþúættirminn hlut,if thouwertinmyplace;látahlut sinn, tobeworsted;sitjayfirhlute-s, to oppress,weighapersondown;leggjahlut sinnviðe-t, tocastinone’slotwith,toespouseacause;hafa(fá)hærra,meira(lægra)hlut, togetthebest(worst)ofit;(7) thing;allirhlutir, allthings;kynligrh., a strangething;umallahluti, inallthings, in all respects.

hlut-ræningr,m. onerobbedofhis share;verða-ræningre-s or fyrire-m, to beunfairlydealtwith; -samr,a. meddlesome (ume-t); -seigr,a. tenacious,obstinate; -skipti,n.(1) sharing;(2) booty;(3) share,lot; -sæll,a. gettingthebestshare; -takandi, -takari,m. partaker; -vandr,a. upright,honest; -verk,n. workallotted, task. hlykkjóttr, a. crooked. hlykkr (-s, -ir), m. bend, curve. hlymja (hlym, hlumda, hlumit),v. to make a loud noise.

hlymr (-s, -ir),m. aresoundingnoise (hlymr var at heyra).

hlynna (-ta, -t),v. topreparetheway for one (h. fyrir e-m).

hlynr (-s, -ir), m. maple tree. hlý, n. warmth (sumar-hlýit).

hlýða (-dda, -tt),v.(1) tolisten (eyrumhlýðirhann,enaugumskoðar); h.e-m, tolisten(giveear)toone;h.messu,tíðum, tohearmass,attendservice;h. áe-t or tile-s, tolistento (sitjamennþar umhverfisokhlýðatilsögunnar);(2) to yieldto,obey (h.ráðum,orðume-s);(3) todo,bepermissibleorproper;hlýðirþað hvergi (itwillnotdo) athafaeigilögílandi;engumöðrumskyldiþath., nobody elseshoulddaretodoso;Einarlétengum

h.mótiatmæla, E.wouldnothearofany one’sgainsaying;(4)refl. tolisten (hann hlýðistum,hvártnökkurirvekti); tobe allowable (konungrsagði,atþeimskyldi þat ekki hlýðast).

hlýðinn,a.(1) willingtogiveeartoone, compliant (hannvarh.vinumsínumum öll góð ráð); (2) yielding homage to one. hlýð-samt,a.n. suitable,proper;vera h., = hlýða (3).

hlýðnast (að),v.refl. toobey (efþér vilið mér hlýðnast).

hlýðni,f. obedience,homage; -brot,n. disobedience (viðe-n); -mark,n. tokenof obedience.

hlýja (hlý, hlýða, hlúit),v. tocover, shelter (hlýrat henni börkr né barr).

hlýr,n.(1) cheek;h.roðnaði, hercheek reddened;(2) bowofavessel,=kinnungr; (3) the flat of an axe. hlýr-bjartr,a. havingbrightlypainted bows (of a vessel).

hlýri, m. friend, brother (poet.).

hlæja (hlæ; hló, hlógum; hleginn),v.(1) tolaugh;h.hátt, tolaugh loud;h.ate-u, tolaughat;þautíðendi, erþeimhlóhugrvið, thatgladdenedtheir hearts; (2) h. e-n, to laugh at, deride one. hlær (hlæ, hlætt),a. warm,mild (veðr var þykkt ok hlætt).

hlœða (-dda, -ddr),v.(1) tolade (h. skip);h.hest, toload,saddle,ahorse; (2)withdat. toload (þúmuntgullih.á Grana bógu).

hlœgi,n. ridicule;fáe-m,hlœgis, to make one a laughing-stock. hlœgi-liga,adv. laughably; -ligr,a. laughable; -máll, -málugr, -orðr,a. humorous.

hlœgja (-ði),v. tomakeonelaugh;þat hlœgirmik,at,it makesmeglad,Iamre-

joiced, that.

hlœg-ligr, a. = hlœgiligr.

hlöðu-dyrr,f.pl. doorofabarn; -vindauga, n. barn window.

hløra (að), v. = hlera.

hnafa (hnóf), v. to cut off (rare).

hnakka-bein,n. neck-bone; -filla,f. the flesh and skin on the nape. hnakk-band, n. anchor cable. hnakki,m. thebackofthehead,napeof the neck.

hnakk-miði, m. anchor-buoy. hnakkr,m.(1) nape =hnakki;(2) stool = knakkr.

hnefa (að), v. to clasp with the fist. hnefa-högg,n. ablowwiththefist; -tafl, n. a kind of chess. hnefi,m.(1) closedhand,fist;(2) the king in hnefa-tafl.

hnef-tafl, n. = hnefatafl.

hneigja (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) tobow,bow down,bend,incline;h.sik, tomakeabow; h.siktilviðe-n, tobowdown,payhomage toone;h.e-m, tobowdowntoone;h.eptir e-m, tobebiassedtowardsone;(2)refl., hneigjast, tolean;h.afvillu, toforsake heresy;h.tile-s, toleantowardsaperson; h.fyrirfortölure-s, tobeswayedbyanother’s persuasions. hneisa,f. disgrace,shame (gera,vinna, e-m hneisu). Cf. ‘neisa’.

hneisa (-ta, -tr),v. todisgrace (h.en). Cf. ‘neisa’. hneisu-liga,adv.(1) disgracefully;(2) insultingly.

hneita (-tta, -ttr), v. to cut (rare). hnekking,f., hnekkir,m. check,rebuff (hafa hnekking).

hnekki-stikill, m. bump on the head. hnekkja (-ta, -tr),v.(1) todriveback, withdat.(síðanlétEgillh.nautunumút

ámýrar);h.e-mfrá, torepel,repulse;(2) tocheck,thwart,prevent;h.försinni, to haltandgobackagain;h.vánduráði, to preventanevildeed;(3) tofallback,withdraw (hnekkja Írar nú frá).

hneppa (-ta, -tr),v.(1) tocurtail; hnepptemekatbrœðrum, Iambereft ofbrothers;(2) tothrust,force (Hrólfr hnepptihannundirsik,oksettiknéfyrir brjósthonum);h.fólkíþrælkan, tokeep a people bound in thraldom. hneppi-liga, adv. scarcely, scantily. hneppr,a. scant;ætlahneppttiljólanna, to make scant provision for Christmas. hneri, m. sneeze, sneezing. hneyking, f. shame, disgrace.

hneykja (-ta, -tr),v. toputtoshame, confound,withacc.(h.grimmleikheiðinna þjóða).

hneyksli,n. disgrace,dishonour; -yrði, n. pl. foul language, calumny. hnigna (að),v. tobegintosink,decline (e-rr er, gerist, hnignandi).

hnipinn, a. drooping, downcast. hnipna (að),v. tobecomedowncast,to droop (hnipnaði þá Grani).

hnippa (-ta, -t,or að),v. topoke; hnippadðikollihverratöðrum, theylaid theirheadstogether,noddedsignificantly; refl.,hnippast, toquarrel (=h.við);h. orðum við e-n, to bandy words with one. hnita (að), v. to weld together. hnit-bróðir, m. ‘near brother’. hníga (hníg; hné and hneig, hnigum; hniginn),v.(1) tofallgently, sinkdown (hnéGuðrúnhöllviðbólstri); h.atarmie-m, tosinkintoone’sarms;(2) toflow (hniguheilögvötnafhiminfjöllum);(3) tosinkdown,falldead (=h.at velli);h.atgrasi,ígras, tobitethegrass; (4) toincline,turn;eigimáttisjáhvernig

h.mundi, whichwaythescalewouldturn (inabattle);(5)h.tile-s, toturntowards (varjafnanþeirrahlutrbetri,ertilhans hnigu);h.tilliðs,hjálparviðe-n, toside withone pp.,hniginn, advanced(stricken) inyears,=h.áaldr,h.ataldri;ofadoor, shut;varhurðhnigin, thedoorwasdown; hurðhnigináhálfagátt,ámiðjanklofa, half shut, half down. hnípa (-ta, -t),v. tobedowncast,droop (hann hnípti í jörðma).

hnísa, f. porpoise. hníta (hneit, hnitu),v. tostrike, wound;hjörrhneitviðhjarta, steel touched the heart. hnjóða (hnýð; hnauð; hnoðinn),v. torivet,clinch (Helgihnauðhjaltásverð).

hnjóð-hamarr,m. rivetting,hammer; also as a nickname.

hnjósa (hnýs, hnaus), v. to sneeze. hnjóskr, m. touchwood, = fnjóskr.

hnoða, n. clew. hnoð-saumr, m. clincher nails. hnoss (pl. -ir),f. costlything,ornament (hverr vildi mér hnossir velja).

hnot (gen. -ar, pl. hnetr), f. nut. hnot-skógr, m. nutwood, hazelwood. hnugginn, pp. bereft (miklu h.).

hnúka (-ta, -t), v. to sit cowering. hnúta, f. = knúta.

hnyðja, f. club, rammer. hnykill (gen. -s,dat. hnykli;pl. hnyklar), m. knot, tumor. hnykka-stafr, m. a kind of peg (?).

hnykking, f. pulling.

hnykkja (-ta, -tr),v. topullviolenty, withdat.(h.e-mtilsin);h.e-uupp, to pullupathing;absol.,þykkistsveinninn hafavelhnykkt, hethoughthehadmadea good pull.

hnýðingr (-s, -ar), m. dolphin.

hnýfil-drykkja, f. drinking-bout. hnýffil, m. short horn (= knýfill).

hnœfi-ligr, a. taunting (-lig orð).

hnœfil-yrði, n. pl. taunts, gibes. hnøggr (acc. -van), a. stingy (h. fjár). hnøri, m. = hneri. hodd, f. hoard, treasure (poet.). hof, n. heathen temple. hof-ferð,f. pride,pomp; -fólk,n. courtiers; -garðr, m. lordly mansion. hof-goði,m. temple-priest; -gyðja,f. priestess; -helgr, f. temple-feast. hof-lýðr,m.=hof-fólk; -maðr,m. courtier; gentleman in waiting. hofs-dyrr,f.pl. temple-doors; -eiðr, m. temple-oath; -goði,m.=hofgoði; -helgi,f. sanctityofatemple; -mold,f. temple-earth, holy mould. hof-stabr,m. sanctuary; -tollr,m. temple-toll, rate. hoka, hokra (að),v. tocrouch (h.eða skríða); h. undan, to slink away. hol,n. hollow,cavity,esp. cavityofthe body;ganga(hlaupa)áh., topiercetothe inwards (ofweapons);hitefrah.,thecavity of the chest; neðra h., the stomach. hola, f. hole, hollow. hola (að), v. to make hollow. hol-blóð, n. blood from the inwards. hold,n.(1) flesh;svörðrokh., skin andflesh;bjarnarh., bear’sflesh;(2)pl. fleshiness; -borinn,pp.,-borinnbróðir, one’s own brother; -fúi, m. mortification. holdgan, f. incarnation. holdgast (að), v. refl. to take flesh. hold-gróinn,pp. growntotheflesh; -ligr,a. carnal (-ligást);-ligrbróðir, one’s own brother; -lítill, a. lean. holdr, a. fleshy; vel h., well-fleshed. hold-rosa,f. fieshysideofahide; -tekja, f. = holdgan.

hol-fenni,n. hollowpileofsnow; -gómr,a. havingahollowpalate; -höggvinn, pp. cut into the cavity of the body. hollendr, m. pl. suppporters. hollosta, f. faith, loyalty (við e-n).

hollr,a.(1) faithful,loyal (h.e-m);of thegods, gracious (hollregin);(2) wholesome, salutary (holl ráð).

holl-ráðr,a. givingwholesomecounsel; -ræði, n. wholesome counsel. holr,a. hollow;h.innan, hollowwithin (þetta guð er holt innan).

hol-sár, n. wound in a vital part. holt,n.(1) wood (opteríholtiheyrandi nær); (2) rough stony ridge. holt-rið, n. wooded ridge. hol-und,f. awoundenteringthecavity of the body; mortal wound. holundar-sár, n. = holsár, holund. hopa (að),v.(1) tomovebackwards;h. hestinumundan, tobackthehorse;(2) to drawback,retreat (=h.aptr,áhæl,undan).

hoppa (að), v. to hop, skip. hor-digull,m. aclotofmucushanging from the nose.

horfa (-ða, -t),v.(1) toturn(be turned) inacertaindirection;horfðiupp eggin, theedgeturnedupwards;suðrhorfðudyrr, thedoorlookedsouth;h.bakivið e-m, toturnthebackagainstone;h.við e-m, tofaceone;fig. tosetoneselfagainst one (þeirerheldrhöfðuviðhonumhorft ísínumhuga);(2) tolookinacertainway, tohaveacertainappearance;h.úvænt, to lookunpromising (úvænthorfirumsættir);hvárumhorfirvænna, whoismore likelytogetthebetler;h.fastliga,erfiðliga, tolookdifficult;horfirmjökímóti oss, matterslookbadforus;horfirtil gamansmikils, thereisaprospectofmuch

entertainment;(3)refl.,Hjaltaþóttiþá úvæntáhorfast, H.thoughtthatmatters lookedunpromising;horfðustþeirGizurr höfðumat, heandGizurrlaywiththeir heads together.

horfa (að), v. = hörfa. horfin-alda,a.indecl. luckless; -heilla,a.indecl. luckless;horfinheilla er mér, luck has left me. horfinn, pp.; see ‘hverfa (4)’. horn,n.(1) horn (ofcattle);veraharðr íh.attaka, tobehardtotakebythehorns, hardtodealwith;(2) drinking-horn;(3) horn,trumpet (blásaíh.);(4) corner,angle;skýtrítvauh.ume-t, thereisagreat differencebetween;skýtrítvauh.með okkr, weareatvariance;(5) nook,corner (in a house).

horna-fláttr,m. flayingahidewith thehorns; -skvol,n. noiseofhorns; -tog, n. a rope round the horns. horn-blástr,m. soundoftrumpets; -bogi,m. horn-bow; -fiskr,m. garfish orgreenbone; -göfugr,a. proudofhis horns; -kerling,f. oldwomaninthecorner; -kona,f.=-kerling; -reka,f.=-kerling; -sil,n. stickle-back; -skafa,f. a scrapermadeofhorn; -spánn,m. horn spoon; -stafr,m. cornerpillarinabuilding.

hornungr (-s, -ar),m.(1) bastardson; (2) scamp, outcast (vera h. e-s).

horr,m.(1) starvation;detta,niðrí hor, tostarvetodeath;(2) mucusfromthe nose.

horsk-leikr,m. knowledge,wisdom; -ligr, a. wise, noble. horskr, a. wise (h. ok þögull).

hortugr, a. pert, impertinent. hosa, f. hose, legging. hosaðr, pp. wearing hose.

hosna-reim, f., -sterta, f. garter. hot-vetna, see ‘hvatvetna’.

hó, interj. hoh! ah! oh!

hóa (að), v. to shout ‘hoh’ (h. á féit).

hóf,m.(1) moderation,measure;kunna h., toshow(observe)moderation;þáerh. á(or at), thenitisallright;athófi, tolerably,moderately (jarlsvararþessuathófi vel);e-tgegnirhófi, itisfair;velerþessutilhófsmikils, thisaffairiswellsettled;órhófi, beyondmeasure;(2) proportion,equaldegree (hefðihannliðatþví hófi,semhannersjálfrfrœknokdjarfr); (3) judgement (vilek,atþúhafirþarengis manns h. nema þitt).

hóf, n. feast, banquet. hóf-gullinn,a. withgoldenhoof; -hvarf, n. pastern of a horse. hóf-lauss,a. immoderate; -leysa,f. immoderation,excess; -liga,adv.(1) with moderation;(2) fitly;(3) fairly (munuþeir núvera-ligahræddir); -ligr,a. moderate.

hóft (-s, -ar), m. hoof (of a horse).

hóf-samligr, -samr,a. moderatetemperate; -semd, -semi,f. moderation,temperance.

hóf-skegg, n. fetlock.

hófs-maðr, m. temperate, just man. hóf-stilling, f. moderation. hóg-bærr,a.easytobear; -fœrr,a. lively,light (ofahorse); -látr,a. ofeasy temper; -leiki,m.=-væri; -liga,adv. calmly,meekly;taka-ligaá, totouchgently; -ligr,a. easy,gentle; -lífi,n. easy (quiet)life; -lyndi,n. easytemper; -lyndr,a. easy-tempered,peaceable; -læti, n. gentleness; -samr,a. gentle; -semd,f. gentleness; -seta,f.=-lífi; -stýrt pp., n. easytosteer (eigiverðrmérnú-stýrt fótunum); -væra (-ða, -ðr),v. tocalm,

appease; -værð,f. calmnessofmind; -værr,f. calmnessofmind; -værligr, -værr, a. gentle, meek of mind. hól, n. praise, flattery. hólfa (-di, -t),v. tocapsize (þarhólfir skip á sjónum).

hólkr (-s, -ar),m. ringortube(ofmetal) on a staff, knife-handle, etc.

hóll (-s, -ar), m. = hváll.

hólm-ganga,f. ‘holm-going’,aduelor wagerofbattle foughtonanislet(hólmr).

hólmgöngu-boð,n. challengingto hólmganga; -lög,n.pl. thelaw,rulesof h.; -maðr,m. duellist; -staðr,m. a placewherea ‘hólmganga’ isfought; -sverð, n. a sword used in ‘hólmganga’.

hólmi, m. (1) islet, = hólmr; knoll. hólm-lausn,f. releasingoneselfbypaying the ransom after a duel. hólmr (-s, -ar),m. holm,islet;fallaá hólmi, tofallinaduel;skorae-mámin, tochallengeone;leysasikafhólmi, toredeem oneself after a duel. hólm-staðr,m.=hólmgöngu-staðr; -stefna,f. meeting(duel)onaholm (koma, riða til -stefnu).

hón, pers. pron. she. hóp,n. asmallland-lockedbayorinlet (connected with the sea).

hópr (-s, -ar), m. troop, flock, crowd. hór (gen. hós), m. pot-hook. hóra (að),v. tocommitadultery (h. or hórast undir bónda sinn).

hóra, f. whore, harlot. hóran, f. adultery. hór-dómr,m. adultery; -karl,m. adulterer; -kerling,f. harlot; -kona,f. adulteress.

hórr (gen. hórs), m. adulterer. hósta (að), v. to cough. hósti, m. cough, coughing.

hóstr, m.; see ‘óstr’.

hót,n. whit,bit;hótiheldr, abitmore, agooddealmore;withsuperl.,hóti líkast, mostlikely;þaterhótiúmakligast, that is least undeserved. hót,n.pl. threats;hafaíhótumviðen, to threaten one. hóta (að),v. tothreaten,=hœta(h.em); hótan, f. threatening. hót-samr, a. menacing. hraða (að), v. to hasten, with dat. hrað-byri,n. afreshfairwind; -byrja, a.indecl.,sigla-byrja, tosailwithastrong wind; -farta,a.indecl.=-fœrr; -feigr, a. doomedtoinstantdeath; -fœrr,a. fleet,swift (hestr-fœrr); -geði,n. hasty temper; -liga,adv.swiftly; -mæltr,a. quickofspeech;-mælttunga, aglib tongue.

hraðr (hröð, hratt), a. swift, fleet. hrafn (-s, -ar), m. raven. hrafh-hvalr,m.,akindof whale; -reyðr,f.akindof whale; -tinna,f. obsidian or agate. hrak-,incompds.,denoting wretched, vile; -bú,n. wretchedhousehold; -dýr,n. hunteddeer; -ferð,f. disgracefuljourney; -för,f. disgracefuljourney; -liga,adv. wretchedly; -ligr,a. wretched,disgraceful; -magr, a. wretchedly thin. hrakning (pl, -ar),f. wretchedtreatment,injury,insult (ekhefiafþárheitingar ok hrakning).

hrakningr (-s, -ar), m. = prec. hrak-yrði, n. foul language. hramm-dýr, n. beast of prey. hrammr (-s, -ar), m. bear’s paw. hrapa (að),v.(1) tohurl,withdat.(h. e-mtilhelvítis);(2) tohurryon,hasten (h. ferðsinni);(3) torushon,hurry (h.áfund e-s);h.tildauðans:banans, torushhead-

longtodestruction;(4) tofall,tumbledown (hrapaði hann niðr í fjöruna).

hrapaðr,m. hurry;afhrapaði, hurriedly.

hrapal-liga,adv. hurriedly,headlong (fara -liga); -ligr, a. hurried. hrapan, f. downfall. hrap-orðr,a. hastyinone’slanguage (Sæmundr varð við h.).

hrata (að),v.(1) toreel,stagger (hann hrataðivið,enfélleigi);(2) totumble down,fall (hrataðihannofanafþekjunni).

hrati, m. rubbish, trash. hrauk-tjald, n. rick-formed tent. hraun,n.(1) ruggedground,wilderness; (2) lava field, lava. hraun-búi,m. dwellerina ‘hraun’, giant; -hvalr,m. monsterofthewilderness. hraunóttur, a. rugged, stony. hraust-leikr,m. prowess,valour; -liga,adv. valiantly; -ligr,a. bold, valiant; -mannligr,a.=-ligr; -menni, n. a strong, stout man. hraustr,a.(1) valiant,doughty;(2) strong, hearty (gamall, en þó h.).

hrá-blautr,a. moist,raw,ofhides (nautshúð hráblaut).

hráki, m. spit, spittle. hrár (hrá, hrátt),a.(1) raw,ofmeat orfood(hrárfiskr,hráttkjöt);(2) raw, fresh, sappy (h. viðr).

hrá-skinn,n. shelter,refuge; -viði,n. saplings,youngplants; -æti,n. rawflesh used asfood. hreða,f.,see‘hrœða’; hreðulauss, a., see ‘hrœðulauss’. hreðar, f. pl. the scrotum. hregg,n. storm,blast (varbæðih.ok regn).

hregg-viðri, n. tempest.

hreiðr, n. bird’s nest. hrorast (að), v. refl. to nestle. hreiðr-böllr, m. ‘nest-ball’, egg. hreifi,m.(1) wrist,=úlfliðr;(2) the hand and fingers; (3) seal’s fin, flipper.

hreimr, m. scream, cry. hreina (-da, -dr),v. tomake (swine) squeal (ef svín eru hreind).

hrein-bjálbi,m. reindeer’sskin; -dýri, n. reindeer.

hrein-ferði,n. purity; -ferðugr,a. pure, chaste. hrein-gálkn, n. poet. wolf (?).

hrein-hjartaðr,a. pureofheart; -látr,a. clean,chaste; -leikr,m.(1) cleanliness;(2) chastity; -lifnaðr,m.= -lífi; -liga,adv.(1) cleanly;(2) withpurity; -ligr,a.(1) clean,cleanly;(2) pure; -lífi,n. purelife,chastity; -lífr,a. pure oflife; -lyndr,a. pureofheart,upright; -læti,n. cleanness,chastity; -mannligr, a. of noble or manly bearing. hreinn,a.(1) clean (hreinklæði);(2) bright (hreinirkyndlar,hreinvápn);(3) clear (hrein rödd); (4) pure, sincere. hreinn (-s, -ar), m. reindeer. hreinsa (að),v.(1) tomakeclean, cleanse;(2) topurge,clear (h.landaf víkingum).

hreinsan, f. cleansing.

hreinsanar-eldr, m. purgatory. hrein-staka, f. reindeer skin. hreistr, n. scales (of fish). hrekja (hrek; hrakta, hröktum; hrakiðr, hraktr),v.(1) todriveaway, chaseoff (h.e-nafmáli);(2) toannoy, vex,ill-treat (Sigmundrsagðistheldrvilja h.þásemmest);h.e-níorðum, toscold andabuseone;(3) todamage,spoil (h.mál fyrire-m);absol.,h.fyrire-m, tododamagetoone;(4) toabuse (=h.e-níorðum).

hrekkr (pl. -ir),m. trick,pieceofmischief (hrekkir ok slœgðir).

hrekk-vísi,f. trickiness; -víss,a. tricky, mischievous. hrella (-da, -dr),v. todistress,annoy, trouble (h. e-n).

hrelling, f. anguish, affliction. hremma (-da, -dr), v. to clutch. hremsa (að), v. = hremma. hremsa, f. (1) clutch; (2) poet. shaft. hreppa (-ta, -tr),v. tocatch,obtain; enerhannhrepptiáverkann, whenhereceived the wound.

hreppa-skil, n. pl. poor-law matters. hreppr (-s, -ar),m. poor-lawdistrict (in Iceland).

hrer, n. corpse, = hrør. hress, a. hale, hearty, in good spirits. hressa (-ta, -tr),v.(1) torefresh, cheer;hannbaðhannh.sik, hebadehim cheerup;refl.,hressast, torecover strength,berefreshed;(2) torestore (h. staðinn).

hress-leikr, m. good health. hret, n. storm, = hregg.

hreyfa (-ða, -ðr),v. tomove,stir,with acc.;refl.,hreyfast, toputoneselfinmotion, stir. hreysar, f. pl. heap of stones. hreysi,n.(1)=hreysar;(2) cave,den (skríða í hreysi).

hreysi-köttr, m. ermine, weasel. hreysta (-sta, -str),v. toencourage makevaliant;h.sik, tocheerup,takeheart or courage. hreysti, f. valour, prowess. hreysti-bragð,n. featofprowess; -liga,adv. stoutly,boldly; -ligr,a, stout, bold; -maðr,m. valiantman; -mannligr,a. gallant,bold; -orð,n. wordof prowess; -raun,f. trialofvalour; -verk,

n. deed of prowess. hreyta (-tta, -tt),v. tocast,scatter, throwabout,withdat.(h.mold-inni, hringum).

hreyting, f. spreading, scattering. hreyti-speldi, n. top (a child’s toy).

hriflinga-björg,f. hand-to-mouthlife (er slíkt kallat -björg).

hrifs, n. robbery, pillaging. hrifsa (að), v. to rob, pillage. hrifsan, f., hrifsing, f., = hrifs.

hriki m., huge fellow. hrikja (-þa), v. to creak (rare).

hrinda (hrind; hratt, hrandum; hrundinn),v.(1) topush,thrust,with dat.(hannhratthestinumívökeina);var þáhrundithátnum, theship’sboatwas putout;h.hurð(upp), topushthedoor open;h.e-mímyrkvastofu, tocastinto prison;h.ábraut, todriveaway;h.skipi fram or út, tolaunchaship;impers.,hratt stundumfyrir,enstundumfrá, theclouds weredriftingonandoff(themoon);(2) to cast(throw)off (h.harmi,ótta);h.máli, tomakeacasevoid,clearoneselfofit;h. e-uafe-m, tofreeonefrom,ridoneofa thing.

hringa (að), v. to furnish with a ring. hringa-brynja, f. coat of ring-mail. hring-broti,m. ‘breakerofrings’, prince (poet.); -drifi,m. ‘distributorof rings’, prince, king (poet.). hringing (pl. -ar), f. bell-ringing. hringja (-da, -t), v. to ring bells. hringja (-da, -dr),v. toencircle,surround;h.e-uume-n, toencirclewith (cf. kringja um, urnkringja). hringja, f. buckle. hring-leginn,pp. coiledup (ofaserpent); -leikr,m. ring-dance; -ofmn,pp. woven with rings.

hringr (-s, ar),m.(1) ring,circle;slá hringume-n, tomakearingaroundone; íhring, inacircle;hannfóríhringum skipit, heswaminacircleroundtheship; meðhringum, allaround,altogether (brenduuppbœinnMeðhringum);(2) ring (onthefingerorarm,attheendof achest,inadoor,attheendofthehilt); link (in a chain).

hring-variðr,pp. ‘ring-mounted’; málmr -variðr, a sword with rings. hrinr, m. howling, screaming. hrip, m. box of laths, basket. hripuðr, m. fire (poet.). hrista (-sta, -str),v. toshake (h.höfuðit);h.e-tafsér, toshakeitoff;marir hristust, thehorsesshooktheirmanes; þeimhristusttennríhöfði, theteethchattered in their head.

hríð (pl. -ir),f.(1) storm,esp. snowstorm;h.miklagerðiatþeim,laustáfyrir þeimh.mikilli, theywerecaughtbyaviolentsnow-storm;(2) attack,onset,inabattle(hörð,snörph.);(3) awhile;nökkurah., forawhile;langa(litla)h., along (little)while;þessarhríðirallar, allthis while;umh., forawhile (hanndvaldist þarumh.);umhríðirsakir=umh.;í hríðinni, immediately,atonce (hannfórí hríðinniupptilHofs);hríðum, frequently (stundumíHvammi,enhríðumatStað); (4) space,distance (varþóh.löngímillum).

hríð-drepa,a.incled. killedbyasnowstorm; -fastr,a. detainedbyasnowstorm.

hríðóttr, a. stormy (h. vetr).

hríð-viðri, n. storm, tempest. hrífa (hríf; hreif, hrifum; hrifinn),v.(1) tocatch,snatch (h.til e-s);h.við, totakehold,togrip (kasta

akkerum,okhrífaþauvið,umsíðir);impers.,hríftvið, ittakeseffect,itturnsout well;(2) toscratch (hannléth.sérmeð kömbum).

hrím,n.(1) rime,hoarfrost;(2) the black soot on a kettle (ketil-hrím).

hrím-aldl, m. lazy lout. hrím-drif,n. rime-drift; -frosinn, pp. rimy; -kaldr,a. rime-cold; -kalkr, m. foamingcup; -steinar,m.pl. rimecoveredstones; -þursar,m.pl. frost-giants.

hrína (hrín; hrein, hrinum; hrinit),v.(1) tosqueal (ofswine);h. við, toneightoahorse (ofamareinheat); (2)h.á(or áe-m), totakeeffect,esp.of imprecations.

hrís, n. (1) brushwood; (2) faggots. hrís-byrðr,f. loadoffaggots; -fleki, m. hurdleofbrushwood; -kjarr,n. brushwood.

hrísla, f. sprig of a branch, twig. hrísóttr, a. grown with shrubs. hrís-runnr, m. bush. hrísungr, m. a kind of bastard. hrjá (hrjái, hrjáða, hrjáðr),v. to vex, harass (a person).

hrjóða (hrýð; hrauð, hruðum; hroðinn),v.(1) tounload (h.skipsín); (2) tostrip,disable,esp.ashipinaseafight(hannhrauðöllvíkingaskipin);(3) impers.,hrýðre-u, itclearsaway;mun hroðitmyrkvanum, thefogwillhave clearedaway;hrauðuppórhonummiklu vatni, hebroughtupmuchwater;(4)refl., hrauðskórskikkju, shethrewoffhermantle. hrjósa (hrýss, hraus, hrosit),v., onlyinthephrase,hrýssmérhugrvið, I shudderwithhorror (ávalthrýssmérhugr við, er ek sé þik).

hrjóstr, n. barren, rocky place. hrjóstugr, a. rough, barren. hrjóta (hrýt; hraut, hrutum; hrotinn),v.(1) tofall,fly,beflung (øxin hrautórhendihonum);hrautupp hurðin, thedoorwasflungopen;eldr hrautórhlunnunum, firesprangfromthe rollers;hrjótaspœnirniruppímótihonum, thechipsflewupintohisface;h.í sundr, tobesnappedasunder (ísundur hrutubaugar);(2) tosnore (hannsvafok hraut sterkliga).

hrjúfr,a.(1) roughtothetouch (h. háls); (2) scurvy. hroða-ligr, -vænligr,a. likelyto cause disturbance.

hroð-gás, f. = hrot-gás.

hroði,m.(1) trash,rubbish;(2) disturbance, riot (h. ok stornir).

hrogn, n. roe, spawn. hrogn-kelsi, n. lumpfish. hroka (að), v. to fill above the brim. hroki, m. a heap above the brim. hrokkin-hárr, -hæðr,a. curlyhaired (bleikhárr ok hrokkinhárr).

hrokkinn,pp. curly (hrokkithár); wrinkled (hrokkit skinn).

hrokkin-skinna,f. ‘wrinkle-skin’,old woman. hrolla (-di),v. toshiver,shudder (hrollir hugr minn).

hrollr, m. shivering (from cold). hross, n. (1) horse; (2) mare. hrossa-bein,n.pl. horsebones; -fúlga,f. fodder or paygiventokeepahorse; -fœtr,m.pl. horses’hoofs; -gaukr,m. thesnipe; -geymsla,f. horsekeeping; -hús,n. stable; -höfn,f. horsepasture; -kipping,f. quarrelabouthorses; -kjöt, n. horseflesh; -kyn,n. horsekin; -maðr, m. groom; -reið,f.=hross-reið; -slátr,

n. horsemeat; -stóð,n. studofhorsesand mares; -stuldr,m., studofhorsesand mares; -taka,f. horsestealing; -vöndr, m. horse-whip; -þjófr, m. horse-thief. hross-bak,n. horseback;á-baki, on horseback; -bein,n. horse’sbone; -eigandi,m. horse-owner; -fellir,m. lossof horses (fromhungerordisease); -fjöldi, m. droveofhorses; -gjöf,f. thegiftofa horse; -gørsemi,f. atreasureofahorse, avaluablehorse; -hali,m. horse’stail; -hauss horse’shead(skull); -hús,n. stable; -hvalr,m. walrus; -höfuð,n. head’shead; -íss,m. icethatisstrong enoughtorideon; -klyf,f. horsepack; -lifr,f. horse’sliver; -nautn,f. using another’shorse; -neyzla,f. usinganother’shorse; -reið,f. ridinganother’shorse; -rófa,f. horse’stail; -síða,f. horse’sside; -tagl,n. horse’stail; -verð,n. theworth ofahorse; -þjófr,m. horse-stealer; -æta, f. eater of horse-flesh. hrosti, m. the mash (in brewing).

hrot-gás, f. barnacle-goose.

hrot-garmr,m. ‘howlingdog’;-garmr viðar, fire (poet.).

hrotta-meiðr, m. warrior (poet.).

hrotti,m.(1) sword (poet.);(2) a coarse, rude fellow.

hróðr (gen. -rs and -rar), m. praise. hróðr-baðmr, -barmr,m. thefamous branch (themistletoe); -fúss,a. eagerfor praise.

hróðugr, a. triumphant, glorious.

hróf,n. shed (underwhichshipsare built or kept).

hrókr (-s, -ar), m. rook (the bird). hrókr, m. rook, castle (in chess).

hróp, n. slander, foul words. hrópa (að),v.(1) toslander,defame;(2) to shout (h. á e-n).

hróp-yrði, n. pl. slander, calumny. hrósa (að),v. topraise,withdat.;h. sér, to boast; h. sigri, to triumph. hrósan, f. praise, boasting. hrósari, m. boaster. hrufa, f. rough surface, crust. hrufla (að), v. to scratch. hrukka, f. wrinkle. hruma (að),v. toenfeeble,makeinfirm; hrumaðr, infirm, worn by age. hrum-ligr, a. infirm. hrumr,a. infirm,decrepit,staggering (h. í göngu).

hrundning, f. kicking, pushing. hrúðr, m. crust, scab on a sore. hrúga, f. heap (liggja í hrúgu).

hrúgald, n. heap, mass. hrút-mánaðr,m. thethirdmonthof winter (Dec.-Jan.).

hrúðr (-s, -ar), m. ram. hrúts-fall,n. aram ’ scarcase; -gæra, f. theskinandfleeceofaram; -höfuð,n. aram’shead; -mark, -merki,n. thesign Aries.

hryðju-verk, n. foul deed, outrage. hrygð,f. affliction,grief,sorrow (mikil hrygð ok hörmung).

hrygðar-búnaðr,m. mourningdress; -búningr,m. mourningdress; -dagr,m. dayofsorrow; -efni,n. causeofsorrow; -fullr,a. sorrowful,rueful; -mark,n. tokenofsorrow; -samligr,a. mournful; -svipr,m. mournfullook; -yfirbragð, n. mournful look. hrygg-afl,n. strengthoftheback; -bjúgr,a. crook-backed; -brotinn,pp. broken-backed; -brotna (að),v. tobreak one’s back.

hryggiligr, a. mournful, sad. hryggja (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) todistress, grieve,withacc.(ekkihryggjamikhót

þín);refl.,hryggjast, tobecomesadorsorrowful;(2) tocausetolooksad (h.andlit sitt).

hrygg-knýttr, pp. humpbacked. hrygg-leikr, m. = hrygð.

hrygg-lundir, f. pl. loins.

hryggr (-jar, -ir),m.(1) backbone, spine; (2) ridge, mountain-ridge.

hryggr (acc. -van),a. afflicted,grieved,sad;erþérhryggtíhug, artthouheavy of heart?

hrygg-spenna (-ta, -tr),v. toclasp the arms round another’s back.

hrygg-sterkr, a. strong-backed. hryggva, v. = hryggja (old form).

hrygna, f. spawner.

hrym(j)ast (d),v.refl. tobecomeold andinfirm;hrymdr, infirmfromage (h. bæði at sýn ok elli).

hryn-henda,f. akindofmetre (having lines with four stresses).

hrynja (hryn, hrunda, hruninn), v.(1) tofallin,collapse,toppledown (veggrinnhrynr,björginhrynja);(2) toflow, stream (hrundutárinákinnrhonum);(3) tofallloosely (klæðithrundiofanum hann);látumundhánumh.lukla, letthe keysrattledownfromhisgirdle;(4)h.á hæla e-m, to shut upon one’s heels. hryssa, f. mare (cf. ‘merhryssi’).

hrytr, m. snoring.

hrýgja (-ða, -ðr),v. toheaptogether (h. hverjum ofan á annan).

hræ (gen.pl. hræva),n.(1) deadbody, carrion; (2) fragments (of a thing), scraps.

hræða (-dda, -ddr),v. tofrighten;refl.,hræðaste-t or viðe-t, tobeafraidof, to fear, dread.

hræddr,a. afraid (viðe-t, of), frightened(at);verah.um,at, tofear,beafraid, that.

hræði-liga,adv. dreadfully,fearfully; -ligr, a. dreadful, fearful. hræðinn, a. timid. hræ-dreyrugr, a. gory. hræfa (-ða, -t),v.,h.ume-t, tobear with,tolerate;máekkiumþath.lengr, it is no longer tolerable. hræ-gífr, n. ‘carrion beast’, wolf. hrækja (-ta, -tr),v. tospit;h.e-uút, to spit out.

hræla (að),v. tobeattheloomwitha weaver ’ s rod (hræll).

hræll, m. weaver ’ s rod, slay. hræ-ljómi,m., -log,n. thelightfrom decomposing matter.

hræva-daunn, hræva-þefr,m. carrion-smell; stench of dead bodies. hræzla, f. dread, fear. hræzlu-fullr,a. ingreatfear; -gœði, n. timidity. hrœða, f. disquiet, disturbance. hrœðu-lauss,a. freefromdisturbance, quiet,peaceable (sjaldanmun-laustveraí þessu heraði).

hrœra (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) tomove,stir (h.fingrna);h.íkatlinum, tostirthepot; h.e-tsaman, tomixup (h.samanallt, moldinaokblóðit);(2)refl.,hrœrast, to moveoneself,tobeinmotion (þáhrœrist heininíhöfuðÞór); tomovefromone’s place,tobudge,stir (ekætlahéðanhvergi at hrœrast).

hrœrar, m. pl. groin. hrœriligr, a. movable. hrœring (pl. -ar),f.(1) motion,stir; (2) inclination. hrœsinn, a. boasting, vaunting. hrœsni, f. boasting, bragging. hrøðast,v.refl. togrowoldanddecrepit. hröðuðr,m. ‘theswiftone’,poet.

name of fire.

hrøkkla (að), v. to reel, totter.

hrøkkva (hrøkk; hrökk, hrukkum; hrokkinn),v.(1) tofallback,recoil,be repelled;h.frá, toshrinkback;h.fyrirem, togivewaybeforeone (gekkkonungr sváhartfram,atallthrökkfyrirhonum); h.undan, togiveway,drawback,retreat (hrukkuBaglarþáundan);h.við, tostand atbay,makeastand (verðrSigvaldinúvið ath.);(2) tocurl,ofhair(hannhafðigult hár, ok hrökk mjök); (3) to suffice.

hrøkkva (-ta, -tr),v.(1)h.e-uumet, tolash(switch)withathing;beiteigi heldráentálknskíði (apieceofwhalebone) værihrøktum;(2) tospurorwhip ahorse (eptirþathrøktihannhestinn); (3)refl.,hrøkkvast, tocoil,wriggle,ofa snake(undanhonumhrøktisteinnaðra atOddi);hrøkkvastaptr, toturnback (G. reiðsíðastrokskyldigeyma,atengir hrøktist aptr).

hrönn (gen. hrannar,pl. hrannir), f. wave;dat.pl.,hrönnum, inheaps (dreprhannhirðmennkonungsniðr hrönnum).

hrør, n. corpse = hrer.

hrørast, v. refl. = hrøðast.

hrør-ligr, a. dilapidated, ruinous.

hrørna (að),v.(1) tofallintodecay (of buildings);(2) towither (tréitdeyr,þegar þat hrørnar).

huga (að),v.(1) toexcogitate,thinkout (hugathefiekmérráð);(2)h.e-me-t, tothinkof,intend,forone (verkhefiek hugatþér);(3)h.ate-u, toattendto,look after (þávarathugatsárumKormaks);h. ume-t, tobeconcernedabout;h.fyrire-u, to provide for. hugað-látr,a. engaging,amiable; -liga, adv. amiably, lovingly.

hugaðr,a.(1) courageous,bold;(2)h. e-mvel(lítt), well(ill)disposedtowards one;(3)e-mermestume-thugat, one hasmostatheart (Hafliðikvaðþatsýnt, at henni var mest um hann hugat).

hugað-samliga,adv. carefully; -samr, a. gentle, engaging. hugaðs-rœða, f. sensible speech. huga-fullr,a. anxious; -góðr,a. kind-hearted. hugall, a. mindful, thoughtful. hugalt, adv. carefully (geyma h.).

hugan,f. care,concern (konungrbar hér mikla hugan fyrir).

hugar-angr,n. heart’sgrief; -bót,f. comfort; -ekki,m. heart-ache,distressof mind; -far,n. disposition,frameofmind; -fýst,f. desire; -góðr,a. kindofheart; -herði,f. hard-heartedness; -hrœring, f. emotion; -hvarf,n. estrangement; -kraptr,m. strengthofmind; -látliga, adv. amiably,gently; -lund,f. disposition ofmind,fancy; -ótti,m. fright,anxiety; -reikan,f. wanderingofmind; -ruglan, f. wanderingofmind; -sturlan,f. insanity; -styrkr,m. strengthofmind; -umskipti,n.pl. changeofmind; -válað,n. anguishofmind; -œði,f. fury; -œsingr, m. excitement, agitation of mind. hugat,adv. frankly,sincerely (mæla hugat).

hug-ást,f. heartfeltaffection;unna-ástum, tolovewithallone’sheart; -blauðr, a. cowardly; -bleyði,f. cowardice; -blíðr,a. gentleofmind; -boð,n. foreboding,anticipation,fancy (þaternær mínu-boði,at); -boðit,pp.n.,hafaet-boðit, tointend; -borð,n. courage; -borg,f. thebreast (poet.); -bót,f.comfort; -brigðr, a. fickle, false (við e-n). hugð, f., only in compds., hugðar-.

hugða,f. interest,affection;leggja hugðutile-s, totakeinterestin,feelaffectionforone (konungrleggrengahugðu tilhestssíns);mæla,rœðaafhugðu, to speak from one’s heart. hugðar-erindi,n. amatterwhichone hasatheart; -maðr,m. intimatefriend; -mál, n. = -erindi. hug-dirfa (-ða, -ðr),v. toencourage; -dirfð,f. courage; -djarfr,a. courageous, stout-hearted. hugðu-maðr, m. = hugðar-maðr. hug-dyggr,a. steadfast; -fastliga, adv. steadfastly; -fastr,a. steadfast, fixedinone’smind;e-mere-t-fast, oneis benton; -fátt,a.n.,e-mverðrfátt, one losesheart; -feldr,a. agreeable; -festa (-sta, -str),v.(1) tofixinone’smind;(2) tomakeupone’smindabout; -fullr,a. full of courage.

hugga (að),v. tocomfort,console;refl., huggast, to be comforted. huggan, f. comfort, consolation.

hugganar-orð,n. wordofcomfort; -ván, f. hope of comfort. huggandi, m. comforter. huggari, m. comforter. hug-góðr,a. kind-hearted,cheerful; -gæfr,a. cheerful; -gœði,n. goodness ofheart; -hress,a. cheerful,atease; -hreysti,f. courage; -hvarf,n. change ofmind;teljae-m-hvarf, topersuadeone tochangehismind; -hœgr,a.,e-mer -hœgt, one feels at ease. hugi,m. mind (=hugr);illumhuga, withevilmind,ill,badly;hafae-tíhuga, tohaveinone’smind,tothinkof;leiðae-t huga, to consider. huginn, m. the wise raven of Odin. hug-kvæmligr,a. ingenious,apt; -kvæmr,(1) recurringtoone’smind;(2)

mindful,attentive; -kœmligr,a.= -kvæmligr; -lauss,a. faint-hearted,cowardly; -leggja (see leggja),v. tolayto mind,toreflecton; -leiða (-dda, -ddr), v. topayattentionto,consider; -leiðing, f. reflection; -létt,a.n.,e-mer-létt= e-mer-hœgt; -léttir,m. mind’sease, comfort; -leikit,pp.n.,mérereigi-leikitat, Ihavenomindto; -leysa,f., faintheartedness; -leysi,n. faint-heartedness; -lítill,a. fainthearted; -ljúfi,m. darling;(hannvarljúfiallramanna); -maðr, m. bold man; -mannliga, adv. boldly. hugna (að),v. toplease;e-mhugnaret, oneispleased,satisfiedwithathing;impers.,mérhugnarvel(illa)viðe-n, Iam pleased(displeased)withone;refl.,hugnast = hugna. hug-prúðr,a. stout-hearted,noble; -prýði, f. courage, nobleness. hugr (-ar, -ir),m.(1) mind;íhugeða verki, inmindoract;veraíhuge-m, tobeinone’smind;komae-míhug, to comeintoone’smind,occurtoone;leiða e-thugum, toconsider;ganga(líða,hverfa)e-mórhug, topassoutofone’smemory,tobeforgotten;snúahugsínumeptir (at,frá)e-u, toturnone’smindafter(to, from);mælaumhugsér, tofeign,dissemble;orkatveggjahugaume-t, tobeoftwo mindsaboutathing;orkasthugaráe-t, toresolve;efþérlérnökkuttveggjahuga umþetta, ifthoubeoftwomindsabout thematter;(2) mood,heart,temper,feeling;góðrh., kindheart;illrh., illtemper, spite;heillh., sincerity;reynasthugivið, tomakecloseacquaintance;hugirþeirra fórusaman, theylovedeachother;(3) desire,wish;leggjahugáe-t, tolaytoheart, takeinterestin;leggjalítinnhugáe-t, to mindlittle,neglect;leggjahugákonu, to

fallinlovewithawoman;mérleikrh.á e-u, Ilong(wish)forathing;e-mrennr h.tile-s, tohaveaffectionforone;mér erengihugráatseljahann, Ihaveno mindtosellhim;(4) foreboding;svásegirmérh.um, Iforebode;hannkvaðsér illahugsagthafa(hehadevilforebodings)umhennargjaforð;mérbýðrhugr ume-t, Ianticipate (eptirgekkmérþat, ermérbauðhugrum);mérbýðre-tí hug, itentersmymind,Ithink;gørasérí hug, toimagine;(5) courage;h.ræðrhálfumsigri, astoutheartishalfthebattle; herðahuginn(hugsinn), totakeheart, exert oneself.

hug-rakkr,a. stout-hearted; -raun,f. (1) trialofone’smind;(2) trialofvalour; -rekki,f. courage,intrepidity; -renning, f. thought; -ró, f. peace of mind. hug-ró, f. clinch on a sword’s hilt. hug-rúnar, f. pl. ‘mind-runes’. hugsa (að),v. tothink,thinkupon; hugsathefiekkostinn, Ihavethought overtheterms;h.eptirume-t, toconsider;h.e-tfyrirsér, toponderover,reflectupon;h.ume-t, tothinkabout;h.sik ume-t, totakecounselwithoneselfabout a thing, consider. hugsan,f.(1) thought,thinking;berah. fyrire-u, toponderover;(2) opinion (hér em ek í annari h.).

hugsanar-augu,n.pl. mentalvision, intellect; -stund,f., -tími,m. timefor consideration or reflection. hugsi,a.indecl. thoughtful,meditative, absent-minded (hannfórjafnansemh. væri).

hug-sjúkr,a. distressed,anxious; -skot,n. mind,soul; -sótt,f. care,anxiety,concern; -speki,f. sagacity,foresight; -steinn,m. theheart (poet.); -sterkr,

a. strongofmind; -stiginn,pp. inhigh spirits; -stolinn,pp. mad,crazy; -stórr,a. high-minded; -stœðr,a.(1) fixedinone’smind;(2)vera-stœtttiles, tobeopposedtoone; -sýki,f. anxiety; -sýkja (-ta, -tr),v. tomakeoneanxious; -tregi,m. affliction,grief; -trúr,a. true, faithful. hugum-stórr, a. great of heart. hug-veikr,a. weak-minded; -vit,n. understanding,sagacity; -þekkr,a. endearedtoone,afterone’sheart (-þekkrallrialþýðu); -þokkaðr,pp. welldisposed; -þokki,m. mind,disposition,judgement (hefirþettafariteptir-þokkamínum); -þungt,a.n.,e-mer-þungt, oneisdepressed. huld, f. giantess, = trollkona. hulda,f.(1) cover,veil (mikilþokaok h.liggryfireyjuþeirri);(2) hiding,secrecy;drepahulduáe-t, tohide,conceala matter. huldar-höttr, m. hood of disguise. huliðr, pp. hidden, obscure. huliðs-hjálmr, hulins-,m. ‘hiding helmet’;bregða-hjálmiyfire-n, tomake one invisible. hulning, f. hiding, covering. humarr (gen. -s,pl. humrar),m. lobster; humra fjöll, waves (poet.). humótt, f. = hámót. hunang, n. honey. hunang-ligr, a. honeyed. hunangs-dögg,f., -fall,n. honey dew; -ilmr,m. smellofhoney; -lœkr,m. stream of honey. hund-,incompds., very,extremely; -djarfr,a. exceedinglybold; -forn,a. very old. hund-gá,f. barking; -heiðinn,a. ‘dogheathen’, = heiðinn sem hundr.

hund-margr, a. innumerable. hundr (-s, -ar),m. dog,hound;vera órhundahljóði or hljóðum, tohavemade one ’ s escape.

hundrað (pl.hundruð),n. hundred; tírœtth.=100;tólfrœtth.=120;hundruðum, by(in)hundreds;asvalue, one hundredandtwentyellsofthestuffwadmal;h.frítt, ahundredpaidincattle;tólf hundruðmórend, twelvehundredindarkstripedwadmal;hundraðsilfrs,? thesilver value of 120 ells (= 20 ounces).

hundrað-faldr, a. hundredfold. hundraðs-höfðingi, m. centurion. hunds-bit,n. biteofadog; -soð,n. broth made from a dog. hund-tík, f. bitch. hund-villr,a. utterlylost,quiteastray; -víss, a. very wise (hundvíss jötunn).

hungr (gen. -rs), m. and n. hunger. hungra (að),v.impers.,e-nhungrar, one hungers; hungraðr, a. hungry.

hurð (pl. -ir),f. door;h.eraptr, the doorisshut;drepaáh., toknockatthe door. hurðar-ásar,m.pl. ‘door-beams’; -bak,n. thebackofadoor;at-baki, behindthedoor; -bora,f. smallholeina door; -flaki,m. hurdle; -hringr,m. door-ring; -járn,n. door-hinge; -klofi, m. door-groove; -oki, across-plankjoiningtheboardsofadoor (þáboraðiA. hurðarokann).

hurð-áss, m. ‘door-beam’. huttututu,interj.,toexpressshivering from cold.

húð (pl. -ir), f. hide (of cattle).

húðar-þvengr,m. athongcutoutofa hide.

húð-fat, n. a kind of hammock. húðfats-félagi, m. hammock mate.

húð-keipr,m. canoeofskin,kayak; -lát,n.loss ofone’shide,flogging; -skór,m. ashoeofrawhide; -strjúka (see strjúka),v. toflog; -stroka,f. flogging; -strýkja (-ta, -tr),v. toflog; -þak,n. roofofhides; -þekja (see þekja), v. to cover with hides. húfa,f.(1) cap,bonnet;(2) vault,ceiling of a church (hann lét penta húfuna).

húfr (-s, -ar),m. hulkorhull ofaship (undir húfinn á skipi).

húka (-ta, -t), v. to squat. húm, n. twilight, dusk. húma (að),v. togrowdusk (varnúmjök húmat).

húna-land, n. the land of the Huns. húnar, m. pl. the Huns. hún-bora,f. theholeinthemast-head throughwhichthehalyardwent;vindasegl við-boru, tohoistthesail; -dreginn,pp. hoistedtothetop; -kastali,m. thecrow’s nestatthemast-head (áknörrunumvóru húnkastalar).

húnir, m. pl. the Huns. hún-lenzkr,a. Hunnish; -megir,m. pl. = Húnar, Húnir.

húnn (-s, -ar),m. theknobatthetopof themast-head;dragaseglviðhún(íhún upp),vindauppseglviðhúna, tohoista sail to the top.

húnn (-s, -ar),m.(1) bear’scub;(2) urchin, boy (poet.).

húnskr, a. = húnlenzkr, hýnskr. hús,n. house (leitanúumhverth.á þeimbœ);pl.thegroupof buildingsona farm,=bær;takahús(pl.)áe-m, totake apersonbysurpriseinhishouse;athúsa baki, at the back of the houses. húsa (að),v. tobuildhouses,furnish with houses (Uni húsaði þar).

húsa-bœr,m. farmstead,farmhouses;

-kostr,m. lodgings,house-accommodation; -kot,n. cottage; -kynni,n.pl.= -kostr; -mót,n.pl. thejoiningofbuildings; -skipan,f. arrangementofbuildings; -snotra,f. anornamentonagableheadoronaship; -topt,f. housewalls (withouttheroof); -umbœtr,f.pl. houserepairs; -viðr,m. house-timber; -vist, f. abode (hann tekr sér þar -vist).

hús-bak,n. backofthehouses; -bóndi, m. masterofthehouse; -brenna,f. houseburning,arson; -búnatr,m. housefurniture,esp. hangings,tapestry; -búmingr,m. housefurniture,esp. hangings,tapestry; -dyrr,f.pl. housedoors; -endi, m. houseend,gable; -fastr,a. domiciled; -freyja,f., -frú,f.(1) mistressofthe house;(2) wife; -gafl,m. house-gable; -ganga,f. ‘house-walking’,visits; -gangr,m. beggingfromhousetohouse (fara á-gang); -gumi,m.=-bóndi; -göngull, a. makingmanyvisits; -gørð,f. housemaking.

húsi, m. case (skæra-húsi, scissor case).

hús-karl,m.(1) house-carle,man-servant;(2)pl. theking’smen,hisbodyguard.

húskarla-lið, n. body of house-carles. hús-kona,f. housewife,ladyofthe house; -kytja, f. hovel.

húsl,n. housel; húsla (að),v. to housel,administertheEucharisttoone (var húslaðr ok dó síðan).

hús-mœnir,m. ridge of ahouse; -prúðr,a.=hýbýla-prúðr; -veggr,m. housewall; -þekja,f. housethatch; -þing, n. council,meeting (towhichakingor chiefsummonedhispeopleorguardsmen).

hvaðan,adv.(1) whence;þóttistengi vita,h.veðrvará, whence(fromwhat

quarter)thewindblew,meðanekveiteigi vist,h.G.hinnríkistendrat,as longas IknownotwhatsideG.takes;(2) from wheresoever;h.sem, fromwhatplaceor sourcesoever;hannsiglirh.semácr, he sails,whateverwindmayblow;h.æfa, fromeveryside (þustuþáborgarmennh. æfaatþeim); onallsides;hannvannsvá, ath.æfavóruáhonumhendrnar, he worked as if he had hands all over him. hval-föng,n.pl. storesofwhale(blubber); -gröf,f. whalepit (whereblubber waskept); -járn,n. harpoon; -kaup,n. purchaseofwhale-blubber; -kálfr,m. youngwhale; -koma,f. strandingof whales.

hvalr (-s, -ar,and -ir),m. whale; skera hval, to flense a whale. hval-reit,f., strandingofwhales; -reki,m., strandingofwhales; -rekstr,m. strandingofwhales; -rif,n. whale’srib; -saga, f. news of a whale. hvals-auki, m. spermaceti. hval-skurðr,m. flensing(cuttingup) of a whale; -skyti, m. whale harpooner. hvammr (-s, -ar),m. grassyhollowor littlevale (kaushannsérbústaðíhvammi einum).

hvann-njóli, m. angelica-stalk. hvar,adv.(1) where,inoratwhatplace (h.vartuínótt,eðah.erþittheimili?); h.skuluvitáleita? whereshallwesearch?; (2) where,towhatplace,whither (séek nú,h.sökhorfir);(3) anywhere;hérframarrenh.annarsstaðar, heremorethan anywhereelse;(4) ineachplace (urðuþrjú þingíhverjumfjórðungiokskylduþingnautareigahvarsaksóknirsaman);hér okh., hereandthere,nowherenowthere; víðasth., inmostplaces,inmostinstances; h.sem, wherever (h.semhannfór);(5)

everso,very;h.fjarri, eversofar,veryfar Off (ekliggeinníhúsiokkerlingmín,en h.fjarriöðrummönnum);víðarah., ever somuchfarther (umalltHálogalandokþó víðarah.);h.meiri, evermore,muchmore (ek skal þó h. meiri stund á leggja).

hvarf,n. disappearance (h.Iðunnar); rannhannþeimþarh., heranoutoftheir sight.

hvarfa (að),v.(1) tobeturnedround; léthannséríhendih.kergullit, herolled thegoldcuproundinhishand;(2) stroll about (fílamirhvarfaumskóginn);e-m hvarfarhugr, one’smindwavers;(3)h.í milli, to stand between (in the way). hvar-fúss, a. fickle (poet.). hvargi,adv. ineach(every)place, everywhere;h.er(or sem), wheresoever (h. er þú tekr land).

hvar-leiðr, a. loathsome to all men. hvarmr (-s, -ar), m. eyelid. hvars, adv. = hvar es, wheresoever. hvar-vetna, adv. everywhere. hvass,a.(1) sharp,keen (h.knífr, hvössøxi,hvasstvápn); pointed,tapering (h.hjálmr);(2)fig.,oftheintellect, keen (hvasstnæmi);oftheeyesorsight(hvöss augu,hvösssjón);(3) sharp,acute;hvasst hljóð, asharpsound;(4)ofwind, sharp, fresh (h. byrr, hvasst veðr, andviðri).

hvass-eggjaðr,a. keen-edged; -eygr, a. keen-eyed; -leikr,m. sharpness; -leitr,a. sharp-looking; -liga,adv. sharply; -nefiaðr,a. sharp-nebbed; -tenntr,a. sharp-toothed; -viðri,n. sharp gale, = hvasst veðr. hvat (oldgen. hvess,dat. hví),neut. pron.I.interrog.(1)what(h.sýnistþér ráð?);h.erþér,Hjálmar? whatisthematterwiththee,H.?;expressingwonder, whatsortof? (h.Øgmundrertu?);with

gen.,h.erþatfira,flagða,drauma,fiska? whatsortofmen.witches,dreams,fishes? h.mannaertu? whatsortofamanart thou?;withdat.,hannspurði,h.mönnumþeirværi, whatkindofmenthey were;(2)implyingananswerinthenegative, towhatend?ofwhatuse? (h.skal rögummannilangtvápn?)(3) how,=hve, hversu;fréttirhannnú,h.liðibónorðsmálum, howthewasgoingon;II.indef. pron.(1) each,every;h.atöðru, ‘each withtheother’,everything;þatlið,erhonumfylgdi,flýrsérhvat, scatteredinalldirections;h.bíðrsinnarstundar, thereisa timeforeverything;(2)=hvatki,withthe relat.part.‘er(es)’or‘sem’;h.sem or h. es, whatsoever;(3)withcompar., everso much;hannvartilhansh.betrentilsinnabarna, hewaseversomuchkinderto him than to his own children.

hvata (að),v.(1) tohasten,withdat., h.försinni,h.ferðinni, tohastenone’s journey;h.göngunni, toquickenone’s pace;h.báli, tohurryonthebonfire;(2) absol., tohasten,speed (h.tilskipa,h. heim).

hvata-, gen. pl. from ‘hvöt’.

hvata-buss,m. busybody; -maðr,m. prompter.

hvatan,acc.from‘hvatr’, ataquick pace (ríða h.).

hvati, m. hurry, haste. hvatki,indef.pron.(1) eachthing, everythingforitself (munuþérþávitatil hversh.kemr);(2)with‘er’;h.er(es), whatsoever (heill Atla, h. es þik dreymir).

hvat-látr,a. quick; -leikr,m. alacrity,activity (-leikríorrostum); -liga,adv. quickly (riða-liga); -ligr,a. quick, brisk; -ligt lið, active troops. hvatr,a. active,brisk,vigorous (h.

maðr,h.hugr);neut.‘hvatt’asadv. quickly (riða hvatt, sem hvatast).

hvat-ræði,n. quickaction; -skeyti,n. precipitancy; -skeytiligr,a. rash,headlong.

hvat-vetna (gen. hvers-,dat. hvívetna),pron.n. anythingwhatever;vex þérhvatvetnaíaugu, everythinggrowsbig inthyeyes;varHrafnfyrirþeimíhvívetna, H. was superior in every respect.

hvat-vísi,f. temerity; -vísliga,adv. rashly; -viss,a. rash,headlong,reckless (maðr hvatvíss ok óvitr).

hválf,n.(1) vault;(2) concavity (ofa shield).

hválfa (-da, -t), v. = hólfa.

hváll (-s, -ar),m. hill,hillock,knoll (dalr var í hválinum).

hváptr (-s, -ar), m. mouth, chops. hvárgi (neut. hvárki and hvártki), indef.pron. neither (oftwo);h.þeirra, neitherofthem;neut.‘hvárki’asadv., hvárki…né, neither…nor (hefirh. heyrt til hans styn né hósta).

hvárgin-ligr, a. neuter (-ligt kyn).

hvárigr or hvárugr,indef.pron. neither, = hvárgi.

hvárr,pron.(1) which (ofthetwo)in pl. oftwoparties,hvárirsigrast, whichof both(hosts)willgaintheday;(2) each (of thetwo);h.viðannan, eachtotheother;sinnvegh., eachhisownway;(3)at hváru, yet, nevertheless, however. hvárrgi, pron. = hvárgi.

hvárr-tveggi, -tveggja,pron. each ofthetwo,either,both;(1)asadj.,órhvárritveggjuhlustinni, outofbothears;(2) assubst.withgen.,-tveggiþeirra, both ofthem;withapossess.,-tveggiokkarr, bothofus;(3)theneut.hvárttveggja, usedasadv., both (hvárttveggjakarlarok konur).

hvárt,neut.from‘hvárr’,asinterr. adv., whether,directandindirect;h. grætrþú? whetherdostthouweep(ornot)? h.skalekfaraeðreigi? whethershallIgo ornot? hannvildivita,h.hannvaríbrynju, hewantedtoknowwhetherheworea coatofmail;withtherel.part.er(es or sem),h.er…eða, whether…or (h.er þeir töluðu hér til fleira eða færra).

hvárz = hvárts = hvárt es (= er).

hvé,adv.(1) how,inwhatmanner (hvé fórmeðþeim?);h.heitirþú? howartthou named?;(2)qualifyinganadj.oradv., how,towhatextent;h.gamallmaðrhann væri, howoldhewas;þeirvissueigi,h. framvar, theydidnotknowthetimeof day;h.nær? when? (hvénærmunhann heim koma?)

hvégi,adv. howsoever,alwayswitha followingparticle,er(es) or sem(h.lengi sem, h. viða sem).

hveim,dat.fromtheobsoletepron. ‘hvar’=hverr;(1) towhom? (h.erubekkir baugumsánir?);(2) toany (mannih., or mannah.)h.er(es), towhomsoever (orðstírrdeyraldregihveim,ersérgóðan getr).

hveiti,n. wheat; -akr,m. wheatfield; -mjöl, n. wheat meal, flour. hvel,n. wheel;áhverfandahveli, onit whirling wheel. hvelfa (-da, -dr),v. toupset,overturn, withdat.(hannhvelfdinökkvanum undirsér);impers.,skipinuhvelfdi, the ship capsized. hvell-mæltr, a. clear-voiced. hvellr,a. shrill,sharpintone (hlúðr); hvellrödd, aclearvoice;mæla.(tala)hátt ok hvellt, to speak loud and clearly. hvelpr (-s, -ar), m. whelp.

hvenar, adv. when? (= hvé nær).

hverfa (hverf; hvarf, hurfum; horfinn);v.(1) tohaveacircularorrotatorymotion,turnround (himinnhverfr); withacc.oftheplace,himinh.þauskulu hverjandag, theyshallwheelroundthe heaveneveryday,ofthesunandmoon; (2) tobelost tosight(h.atsýn); todisappear,vanish (hverfaafhimniheiðarstjörnur);e-mhverfre-t, onelosesathing (Mávihurfusauðirnökkurir);síðanhvarf hannþeim, hevanishedoutoftheirsight; (3)withpreps.andadvs.,h.afatgeraet, toleaveoffdoingathing;h.aptr, toturn back,return;aptrhverfrlygi,þáersönnu mœtir, alierecoilsbeforethetruth;h.at e-m, tothrongaroundone (þáhurfuþegar athonumallirokfögnuðuhonum);h.at e-u, toturnto,toadopt (h.ate-uráði);h. brott, todisappear;h.eptire-m, tofollow one;h.fráe-u, toturnawayfrom;gørðutfarfesta,áðrþeirfráhyrfi, theydidnot moortheboatbeforetheyturnedaway; to leaveoff (núskalþartiltaka,semfyrrvar fráhorfit);h.ísundr, topart;h.tile-s, toturn(go)toone,ortoaplace (hlæjandiGuðrúnhvarftilskemmu);esp. togo tooneandtakeleave (Gunnarhverfrtil allramanna,erhannerbúinn); tofallto one’slot,accruetoone (þóttistórheilltil hanshorfithafa);h.ume-t, toencircle, surround (h.umhoddgoða);h.undanem, tobewithdrawnfrom,losttoone (hvarf ríkiíNoregiundanDanakonungum);(4) horfinn,pp.(1) surrounded (bœrinnvar h.mönnum);veravelvinumh., tobewell backedbyfriends;velumhorfit, ingood condition (þarstóðnaustokvarvelum horfit);(2) abandoned,forsaken;heillum h., forsakenbyluck;sökh., havinglostthe suit;heraðih., bereftofadwellinginthe

district. hverfa (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) toturnathing (inacertaindirection);h.e-mhugi(acc. pl.), tochangeaperson’smind;(2)h.e-u ume-t, toenclosewithathing;verahverfðr útan um e-t, to encircle a thing. hverfi, n. cluster of farms. hverf-lyndi,n. fickleness; -lyndr,a. fickle-minded. hverfr,a.(1) shifty,changeable (h. hugr);(2)neut.,hverft, quickly (farah.; stýra h.).

hverf-ráðr, a. fickle, wavering. hverfull, a. shifty, changeable. hvergi,pron.(1) each,everyone (hann létsemhanneigivissi,hvath.talaði); (2)adding‘er’ or ‘ sem ’ , whosoever (h.er þábeiðir);hverngivegsem (howsoever) hann vill svara.

hvergi,adv.(1) nowhere (hannundi h.);h.annarsstaðar, nowhereelse;(2) by nomeans,notatall;vilekh.ara, Ishall notgoatall;verah.fœrr, tobequiteunabletogo;h.nær, farfromit (h.nær allir);withcompar.(Bergrvarþessh. fúsari); alls h., nowhere at all.

hver-gætir,m. ‘cauldron-keeper’,cook (poet.).

hverigr, pron. = hvergi.

hvernig, adv. how (= hvern veg).

hvernin, adv. = hvernig.

hvernug, adv. = hvernig.

hverr (-s, -ar),m.(1) kettle,cauldron; (2) hotspring (hverrinnvarbæðiheitrok djúpr); holtriða h., ‘rock-cauldron’, cave. hverr,pron.(1)interrog.,usedboth substantivelyandadjectively, who, which,what? hverjareroþærmeyjar? who arethesemaids?h.áhestinn? whoowns thehorse? h.erþessimaðr? whoisthis man? hvernenda? whatend? (2)indef.

each,everyone,assubst.,withgen.; mannah., everyman;fróðrah., every wiseman;h.várr, eachofus;asadj.,h. gumi, everyman;hverjan or hverndag, everyday;asadv.,íhverju, moment (veðritóxíhverju);(3) any (fyrirútan hverjahjálp);(4)withtherelat.part.‘er’ or ‘ sem ’ , whosoever,whichever (þáskulu þeirþegardrepahannh.semhanner); (5)withanotherpron.oradj;h.at öðrum, oneafteranother (hverjanótteptiraðra);atöðruhverju, everynowand then,hverirtveir, everytwoandtwo;þriðjahvertár, everythreeyears (=áhverjum þremrárum);hverr…sinn, everyone… his (hverrmaðrísínurúmi);(6)relat. (rare), who, which. hvers-dagliga,adv.(1) everyday;(2) commonly,generally (eigivarhón margmælt-dagliga); -dagligr,a.(1) every day; (2) common. hversdags-maðr,m. anevery-day man, ordinary person. hvers-konar, -kyns,adv. ofevery kind (á -konar lund).

hversu, adv. how, = hvé. hvert,adv.(1) whither,where (Gunnar sagðiþeim,h.hannætlaði);(2)h.er, whithersoever (h. er hann ferr). hver-vetna,adv. everywhere (= hvarvetna).

hvessa (-ta, -tr),v.(1) tosharpen, whet (h.spjót);h.augunáe-t, tolook keenlyorhardat;(2) tostirup,instigate; (3)impers.,hvessir(acc.), itblowsupa gale.

hvetja (hvet; hvatta, hvöttum; hvattr),v.(1) towhet,sharpen (h. sverð);(2) toencourage (síðanhvattihann liðsitt);hvathvattiþikhingat? what urged thee to come here?

hviða, f. squall of wind. hvika (að),v. toquail,shrink,waver (= h.undan);impers.,hvíhvikarþérsvá? why art thou so slow?

hvikan, f. wavering. hvik-saga, f. idle lale, slander. hvim-leiðr,a. loathsome,detested (leiðr bæði trollum ok mönnum).

hvimsi,a. takenaback,discomfited (verða h. við).

hvinn,m. pilferer; hvinnska,f. larceny; hvinnskr, a. thievish. hvinr,m. whiz,whistling (h.örvarinnar; hvinrinn af högginu).

hvirfill (gen. -s,dat. hvirfli),m.(1) circle,ring;(2) crownofthehead (milli hvirfils ok ilja).

hvirfil-vindr, m. whirlwind. hvirfing,f., hvirfingr,m.(1) circle (ofmen);setjastíhvirfing, tositdownin acircle;(2) drinkingmatch (drekkahvirfing).

hvirfings-bróðir,m. club-mate; -drykkja,f. drinkingbout (inasortof club or guild).

hvirfla (að),v. towhirl,spread (þær ætinþu at h. heyit).

hviss, interj. whew!

hví,(1)anolddat.of‘hvat’;þáspurði Hallr,hvíþatsætti, thenH.askedwhat wasthematter;fyrirhví, why,wherefore (fyrirh.biðrþúeigilækningar?);(2)adv. why? = fyrir hví (hví ertu svá fölr?).

hvíla (-da, -dr),v.(1)withacc. torest; h.liðsitt, toletone’stroopsrest;h.sik, totake rest(þeirhvíldusikþarokeykisína);hvíldr, rested (þeirhafamœddahesta,envérhöfumallahvílda);refl., hvílast=h.sík;(2) tolie,rest,sleepina bed (h.írekkjusinni);h.hjáe-m, tosleep withone;(3) tolieburied (tilstaðarinsþar

sem Ólafr hinn helgi hvílir).

hvíla,f. bed;ganga(fara)tilhvílu, to go to bed.

hvíl-beðr,m. bedofrest; -brögð,n. pl. = hvílubrögð.

hvíld,f.(1) rest,repose (takah. or hvíldir);(2) pause (þávarh.nökkuráum bardagann).

hvíldar-dagr,m. dayofrest,theSabbath; -hestr,m. relayhorse; -lauss,a. restless.

hví-líkr, a. of what kind or sort.

hvílu-brögð,n.pl. cohabitation; -félagi,m. bed-fellow; -gólf,n. bed closet; -klæði,n.pl. bed-clothes; -tollr,m. hireofabed; -þröng,f. want of room in one’s bed.

hvína (hvín; hvein, hvinum; hvininn),v. towhiz,whistle (örvarhvinu hjá þeim öllum megin).

hvískr, n. whisper, whispering. hvískra (að), v. whisper. hvísl, n., hvísla, f. whisper. hvísla (að),v.=hvískra;recipr.,hvíslast, to whisper to one another.

hvíta-björn,m. whitebear,polarbear; -dagar,m.pl. ‘thewhitedays,Whitsunweek.

hvítadaga-helgr,f. Whitsuntide; -vika, f. Whitsun-week.

hvíta-kristr, m. the white Christ.

hvít-armr, a. white-armed. hvíta-sunna, f. Whitsunday. hvítasunnu-dagr, m. = hvítasunna. hvíta-váðir,f.pl. thewhitedressworn by those newly baptized. hvít-beinn,a. white-legged; -fjaðraðr,a. white-feathered; -fyøsa (-ti, -t),v. tobewhitewithfoam; -haddaðr,a. white-haired,light-haired (meyjar -haddaðar); -hárr, a. white-haired.

hvíti, f. fair complexion.

hvítingr, m. a kind of whale. hvít-klæddr,pp. cladinwhite; -leikr, m. whiteness. hvítna (að), v. to become white. hvítr,a. white (hvíttsilfr);h.áhár, white-haired. hvít-röndóttr,a. white-striped; -skeggjaðr,a. white-bearded; -skinn, n. whiteskin,ermine; -váðungr (-s, -ar),m. onedressedinwhiteweeds (hvítaváðir).

hvæsa (-ta, -t),v. tohiss,ofserpents (h. sem höggormr).

hvæsa, hvæsing, f. hissing. hvönn (gen. hvannar,pl. hvannir), f. angelica. hvörfun,f. vacillation;áh., wavering (var á h. hugr minn of þat).

hvöt (gen. hvatar,pl. hvatir),f. instigation, encouragmient, impulse. hvötuðr, m. encourager, instigator. hvötun,f. instigation,egging;gangaat h. e-s, to follow one’s egging. hyggendi, f. wisdom, prudence. hyggi-liga,adv. wisely,prudently; -ligr, a. wise, prudent. hygginn,a. wise,prudent,intelligent (þeir er hyggnastir vóru).

hyggja (hygg, hugða, hugðr and hugaðr),v.(1) tothink,believe;hugðu þómjöksérhvárir-tveggju, theywereof differentopinions;(2) toguess;fárhyggr þegjandaþörf, fewcanguesstheneedsof himthatissilent;(3) tointend,purpose (sóknargögnþau,erhannhugðiframat fœra);mælafagrt,okflátth., tospeakfair andmeanfalse;mælahugat(afhugðu), to speaksincerely;(4)h.e-me-t, tointend athingforone,tohaveinstoreforone (þóttistþannvita,athonummundislíkr

kostrhugaðr);h.e-mvel, tobewelldisposedtowardsaperson;h.e-uilla, tobe illpleasedwith;okmunuþauvelh.(they willbeglad),erþauhafaakrinn;(5)with preps.,h.afe-u, toleaveoffthinking about,forgetordrop (h.afharmi,heimsku);h.afumleitina, togiveupthe search;h.ate-u, toattendto,mind,look at;konungrhugðivandligaatmanninum, thekinglookedcloselyattheman; h.áe-t, tothinkof (h.áflótta);efhann ágriðhygði, ifhethoughtofanybreach offaith;h.fyrire-u, tolookto,takeheed to (hyggnúsváfyrirhagþínum);h.til e-s, tolookforwardto withpleasure,&c. (hversuhyggrþútilatdeyja?gotthyggek tilbanamíns);h.ume-t, tothinkabouta thing;h.ummeðe-m, todeliberatewith oneaboutathing;(6)refl.,hyggjast, to think;hyggstþúbetrgøramunu? thinkst thouthoucanstdoitbetter? h.fyrir, to hesitate;hyggstvætrhvatrfyrir, avaliant man flinches for nought. hyggja, f. thought, mind, opinion. hyggjandi, f. = hyggendi. hyggju-leysi, n. thoughtlessness. hyggnast (að),v.,h.afe-m, togain knowledge from one. hylda (-lda, -ldr),v.(1) tocutup (takitþérHögnaokhylditmeðknífi);h. hval, toflenseawhale;(2)refl.,hyldast, to grow fat, get flesh. hyldr, pp. fleshy. hylja (hyl, hulda, huliðr and huldr),v. tohide,cover (hannhuldihöfuð sitt);farahulduhöfði, togo‘withthehead covered’, in disguise, by stealth. hyljan, f. hiding, covering. hylla (-ta, -tr),v.,h.sike-m, tocourt aperson’sfriendship,makefriendswith;h. fyrire-m, torecommendone;refl.,hyl-

laste-n=hyllasike-m;h.e-nat, topay homage to.

hylli, f. favour, grace (hafa guðs h.).

hylma (-da, -dr),v.,h.yfire-u, to hide,conceal (þarfekkilengryfirþessuat h.).

hylming, f. concealment. hylr (-jar, -ir),m. deepplace,pool,in a river (í hylnum undir fossinum).

hyrna, f. point of an axe-head. hyrndr,a.(1) horned (hyrndkýr);(2) angular (þrí-, fer-, átt-hyrndr).

hyrning (pl. -ar),f. corner,nook (ofa house or room).

hyrningr,m.(1) ahornedman (abishopwearingamitre);(2) angle (þrí-hyrningr, triangle).

hyrr (gen. hyrjar), m. fire (poet.). hyski, n. = hýski.

hýbýla-,gen.pl.fromhýbýli; -bót,n. betteringofone’shomestead; -brestr,m. homeloss; -hættir,m.pl. homeaffairs, homemanners; -prúðr,a. keepingahospitablehouse (A.var-prúðrokgleðimaðr mikill); -skömm, f. disgrace to the home. hý-býli,n.pl.(1) home,homestead, house (íannarramannahýbýlum);(2) household.

hýða (-dda, -ddr),v. toflog (=berja húð af e-m).

hýðing, f. flogging (= húðstroka).

hýnir, m. pl. = Húnar.

hý-nótt, f. night of anxious waiting (?). hýnskr, a. Hunnish. hýrast (ð),v.refl. tobegladdened, brighlenup (hýrðisthannskjóttí viðbragði).

hýr-liga,adv. cheerily,withasmiling face (líta-ligatile-s); -ligr,a. friendly, smiling. hý-róg,n. servants’slander(quar-

relling).

hýrr,a. smiling,pleasant,mild,friendly (h. í viðbragði).

hýsa (-ta, -tr), v. to house, harbour.

hýski, n. household, family.

hæð,f.(1) height;hannhljópmeirren h.sína, hecouldleapmorehisownheight; (2) height,eminence,hill (genguþeirupp á h. nökkura).

hæða (-dda, -ddr),v. toscoffat,mock (h. e-n or h. at e-m).

hæð-liga,adv. mockingly,scornfully (tala-ligatile-s); -ligr,a.(1) derisive disgraceful; (2) contemptible.

hæðinn, a. fond of mocking. hæð-yrði, n. pl. taunts, gibes.

hæðni, f. mocking, mockery.

hæki-liga, adv. vehemently.

hæl-bein,n. heelbone; -bítr,m. heelbiter; -dreginn,pp. draggingtheheelsin walking; -drep, n. blow on the heel. hæli,n. shelter,refuge;leitasérhælis, to seek for shelter.

hæl-krókr,m. ‘heel-crook’,catchwith the heel (a trick in wrestling).

hæll (-s, -ar),m. heel;hlaupa(fara, ganga)áhælae-m, tofollowatone’sheels; hurðfelir(lýkst)á hæla e-m, thedoor shuts(closes)uponone’sheels;faraaptrá hæli, toreturnimmediately;hopa(fara)á hælfyrire-m, toretreat,recedebeforeone.

hæll (-s, -ar),m.(1) peg,pin;(2) handle in a scythe-shaft (orf-hæll).

hæll,m. awidowwhosehusbandhas been slain in battle. hæl-síðr,a. reachingdowntotheheels (-síðr kyrtill).

hængr, m. male salmon. hæra,f. hoariness,greyhair (skegg hvíttafhæru);fáelliokhæru, tolivetoa hoaryoldage;esp.inpl.,grár(hvítr)fyrir

(or af) hærum, white with grey hair.

hærðr,a. haired;h.vel, having-fine hair; h. mjök, having much hair. hæringr, m. hoary (old) man. hæru-karl,m.=hæringr; -kollr,m. hoaryhead,anickname; -langr,a. havinglonggreyhair; -skeggi,m. hoary beard; -skotinn, pp. grizzled. hætta (-tta, -tt),v. toleaveof,with dat.(h.heyverkum);withinfin. tocease (h. at tala).

hætta (-tta, -tt),v. torisk,venture, stake,withdat.(L.vildieigiúth.sínum mönnum);h.tilþessvirðingþinni, to stakethyhonouronit;impers.,litluhættirnútil, thereisbutsmall risk;absol., hefirsáerhættir, hewinswhorisks,‘nothingventurenothinghave’;h.tile-s, to riskathing (vilekheldrtilþessh.en hittspyristáönnurlönd);h.áe-t, torisk (kváðustáþaðmunduh.atberjast); to ventureupon,totrustto (h.ámiskunnes);h.e-uundire-n, todependononefora thing. hætta,f. danger,peril;eigamikitíhættu, torunagreatrisk;leggjae-tíhættu, toexposetoriskordanger (leggjasik,líf sitt,fésitt,íhættu);leggjaáþáhættu, to run the risk. hætting, f. danger, risk. hættingar-ferð,f. dangerousjourney (= hættu-ferð). hætt-leggja (see leggja),v. torisk; -liga,adv. dangerously; -ligr,a. dangerous;kölluðu-liganmátthans, theysaid that he was sinking fast. hættr,a.(1) dangerous (slíkrmaðrer hættastr,ef);(2) dangerouslyill (vera,liggja,h.);(3) exposedtodanger;ekkih. fyrirvápnum, proofagainstweapons;(4) e-merhættviðe-u, oneisindangerof;

varÞuríðiviðengumeinihætt, Thurid was out of danger; (5) doubtful, uncertain. hættu-ferð, -för,f. dangerousjourney; -lauss,a. freefromdanger,without danger; -lítill,a. littledangerous; -mikill,a. verydangerous; -ráð,n. dangerous plan.

hœfa (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) tohit,withacc. (þeirhœfaaldridýr);hannhœfðialltþat, erhannskauttil, henevermissedhis mark;h.til, toaim;sváhafðismiðrinn tilhœft, sowellhadheaimed;(2) tofit, withdat.(hœfðuKjartaniþauklæðiallvel);(3) tobehove,bemeet (eigihœfirat drepasváfagransvein);sváhœfireigi, segirÚlfr, thatwillnotdo,saidU.;h.em, tobemeetforone;(4)refl.,hœfast, to fiteachother,tocorrespond;spjótitmun h.oksárþat, theshaftandthewoundwill correspond;h.á, toagreeintime,coincide. hœfi,n.(1) fitness;veraviðe-sh., to fitone,besuitable,convenient (Hrútrfekk sérnúkonuþá,erhonumþóttiviðsitt h.);(2)skjótatilhœfis, toshootatamark.

hœfi-látr,a. moderate; -liga,adv. fitly; -ligr, a. fit, due.

hœfindi, n. pl. what fits, behoves. hœfing, f. aiming; gøra h., to take aim. hœfinn,a. aimingwell,goodathitting the mark. hœfni,f. goodmarksmanship (Eindriði lofaði hœfni konungs).

hœfr,a. fit,proper;enguh., goodfor nothing, useless, worthless.

hœgindi,n.pl.(1) relief (forthesick andpoor);(2) comforts;snúasttilhœginda, toturntoadvantage,forthebetter; (3)insing., bolster,pillow,cushion (undir hœgindit í hvílunni).

hœg-liga,adv. withease,gently; -ligr, a. easy,convenient; -lífi,n. easy or comfortable life.

hœgr (acc. -jan and -an),a. easy,convenient;ykkrerþathœgstumhönd, itis mostathandforyou;h.byrr, agentle,fair wind;ekkivarsamlagþeirrahœgt, they werenotongoodterms;h.e-m or viðe-n, gentle towards one. hœgri,a.compar.(fromhœgr), right; tilh.handar,tilhœgravegs, ontheright hand, to the right. hœkil-bjúgr, a. bowed in the knees. hœkja, f. crutch.

hœla (-da, -t),v.(1) topraise,withdat. (hannhœldiÚlfarimjök);(2) toboastof (sverðihœlirþútar,eneigisigri);(3)refl.,hœlast, toboast,vaunt;h.e-u(afe-u, ume-t), toboastof;h.viðe-n, toboast over one.

hœlinn, a. given to boasting. hœlni, f. boasting, bragging. hœna, f. hen (hani ok hœna).

hœns, hœnsn, n. pl. liens, fowls. hœta (-tta, -tt),v. tothreaten;h.eme-u, tothreatenonewithathing (hœtti honum dauða).

hœting (pl. -ar), f. threatening. hœtinn, a. given to threatening. hœverska, f. courtesy, good manners. hœversk-liga,adv.politely,fashionably(-ligaklædd); -ligr,a.=hœverskr.

hœverskr, a. well-mannered, polite. höðnu-kið,n. femalekid,youngshe-

hœgja (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) toabate,with dat.;h.rássinni, toslackenone’scourse; (2) torelieve,seekreliefforone (varþeim hœgtíöllusemmátti);(3)refl.,hœgjast, toabate (sjórtókath.); togetsmoother (kannveraathœgistráðit);impers.,eptiralltþettahœgðistFróðalítit, F.became more at ease.

goat (cf. ‘haðna’).

höfða (að),v.(1) tocuttheheadoff (h. fisk), tobehead;(2)h.mál(sök)áhönd(á hendr)e-m, tobringanactionagainstone. höfðaðr,pp. headed (h.semhundr; cf. tví-, þrí-höfðaðr).

höfða-fjöl,f. head-boardofabedstead; -hlutr,m.=höfuðhlutr; -lag,n. bed’shead; -skip,n. ashipwithanornamentalprow; -tal,n. ‘taleofheads’,number of persons, etc. höfði, m. headland. höfðingi (pl. -jar),m.(1) chief,leader; h.þeirrarráðagørðar, attheheadofthat plan;(2) captain,commander (K.varh. yfirþeimher);(3) chief,ruler,esp.inpl., menofrankorauthority (höfðingjarok góðir menn; hann gørðist þá h. mikill). höfðingja-,gen.from‘höfðingi’; -ást,f. loveforone’schief; -bragð,n. thebearingofachief (hafa-bragðásér); -djarfr,a. frankandboldinone’sintercoursewiththegreat; -efni,n. ahopefulmanforachief (L.þóttibezt-efni austrþar); -fundr,m. meetingofchiefs; -hlutr,m. achief’slotorshare; -kærr, a. infavourwiththegreat; -lauss,a. chiefless; -merki,n. chiefsstandard; -nafn,n. chiefstitle; -skipti,n. change ofrulers; -son,m. sonofachief; -stefna,f.=-fundr; -styrkr,m. supportof greatfolk; -ætt,f. nobleextraction,high birth. höfðing-liga,adv. nobly,generously; -ligr,a. princely,noble; -skapr,m.(1) power,dominion;(2) authority,prestige; (3) liberality, generosity. höfga (að),v. tomakeheavy;impers., e-m(or e-n)höfgar, onebecomesheavy with sleep. höfga-vara, f. heavy wares.

höfgi,m.(1) heaviness,weight;(2) sleep,nap (rannáhannh.); drowsiness (slóáþáhöfgasvámiklum,atþeirmáttu eigi vöku halda).

höfn (gen. hafnar,pl. hafnir),f.(1) haven,harbour;(2) fœtus (áþannhátt semh.vexmeðkonu);(3) coat,cloak, =yfirhöfn(hanntókafsérhöfninaok sveipaðiumkonunginn);(4) tenureof land (jarðar h.); (5) crew, = skipshöfn. höfuð (dat. höfði,gen.pl. höfða), n.(1) head (höggvah.afe-m);látae-n höfðiskemmra, tobeheadone;strjúkaaldreiumfrjálsth., tobeneverfree,never atease;skerae-mh., tomakeawryface atone;heitaíh.e-m, tobecalledaftera person;hættahöfði, toriskone’slife;leggjaviðh.sitt, tostakeone’shead;fœraemh.sitt, tosurrenderoneselftoanenemy;drepaniðrhöfði, todroopthehead; þokuhófafhöfði, thefoglifted;stígayfir h.e-m, toovercomeone;hlaðaheliumað höfðie-m, toleaveonedeadonthespot; gangamillibolsokhöfuðse-s or áe-m, tohewofone’shead,tokilloutright;sendae-ntilhöfuðs e-m,tosendonetotake another’shead;leggjafétilhöfuðse-m, tosetapriceonone’shead;leggjaste-t undirh., toputaside,neglect (Þ.lagðist eigiþessaferðundirh.);verahöfðihærri, tobetallerbyahead;(2) head,chief (h.lendramanna);Þrándheimrhefirlengiveriðkallaðrh.Noregs, thechiefdistrictofNorway;(3) ornamentalprow of aship(skipmeðgyltumhöfðum); ornamentalhead onabridle(slitnaðisundr beizlit, ok týndist h., er á var).

höfuð-á,f. chiefriver; -árr,m. archangel; -átt,f. cardinalpoint; -baðmr,m. the‘headstem’,agnatelineage; -band,n. head-band,snood,fillet;

-bani,m. death,destruction; -bein,n. pl. head-bones; -benda,f.(1)naut. slay, shroud;(2)fig. stay,support; -blót,n. chiefsacrifice; -borg,f. headtown,capital; -ból,n. chiefestate,manorialestate; -brot,n. greatdammage,ruin; -burðr, m. ‘bearingofthehead’,fig. honour,credit,prestige;e-merlítill-burðnate-u, itdoeshimlittlehonour(credit); -bœr, m.=-ból; -dúkr,m. head-kerchief,hood; -faðir,m. protector,patron; -firn,n.pl. greatscandal; -gersemi,f. greatjewel; -gjarnt,a.n. fatal,dangeroustoone’s life; -gjöf,f. capitalgift; -goð,n. principalgod; -gæfa,f. greatluck; -hátíð, f. principalfeast; -hetja,f. greatchampion,chief; -hlutr,m. theupperpartofthe body,opp.to‘fótahlutr’; -hof,n. chief temple; -ísar,m.pl. greatmassesofice, ice-banks; -kempa,f.=-hetja; -kennimaðr,m. greatclerk,ecclesiastic; -kirkja,f. high-church,cathedral; -klerkr,m. greatclerkorscholar; -konungr,m. sovereignking; -lausn,f. ‘head-ransom’ (the nameofthreeoldpoems); -lauss,a.(1) headless,withoutahead;(2) withouta leader (-laussherr); -leðr,n. head-piece ofabridle; -læknir,m. chiefphysician; -löstr,m. cardinalsin; -maðr,m. headman,chief; -mein,n. sore(boil)onthe head; -meistari,m. head-master; -merki,n.(1) chiefmark,characteristic;(2) chiefstandard; -mikill,a. big-headed; -mundr,m. ransom; -nauðsyn,f. great need; -niðjar,m.pl. head-kinsmen,agnates; -órar,m.pl. delirium; -ráð,n. chiefcouncil; -ráðgjafi,m. chiefadviser; -sár, n. wound in the head. höfuðs-bani, m. = höfuðbani. höfuð-skáld,n. greatpoet; -skepna, f. primeelement; -skutilsveinn,m.

head-cupbearer; -skömm,f. greatshame, scandal; -skörungr,m. greatandnoble person.

höfuðs-maðr,m. head-man,leader, chief (vel til fallinn at vera -maðr).

höfuð-smátt,f. theopeningforthe head (inashirtorsmock-frock); -smiðr, m. chiefbuilder; -staðr,m. capital,chief place; -steypa,f. tumblingonthehead (fara-steypu); -sviða,f. singedsheep’s head; -svörðr,m. head-skin,scalp;standayfir-svörð-ume-s, tohaveanenemny’s headinone’spower; -synd,f. cardinalsin; -sæti,n. chiefseat; -tunga,f. chieflanguage; -vápn,n. principalweapon; -veizla,f. chiefbanquet; -vél,f. chiefdevice; -verkr,m. headache; -vinr,m. bosom friend; -vörðr,m. bodyguard; -þing,n. chiefmeeting; -þváttr,m. head-washing; -ætt,f.=-átt; -œrr,a. insane; -œrsl, n. pl., -œrslur, f. pl. = -órar.

höfug-leikr, m. heaviness. höfugr,a.(1) heavy (h.steinn);(2) heavywithsleep,drowsy;e-merhöfugt, one is sleepy. höfundr (-ar, -ar),m.(1) author,originator; (2) judge (rare).

högg (dat. höggvi),n.(1) stroke,blow; ljóstah.ádyrr, toknockatthedoor; skammastundverðrhöndhöggvifegin, onlyashortwhileisthehandfainofthe blow;eigifellrtréviðhitfyrstah., notree fallsatthefirststroke;(2) beheading,execution (leiðae-ntilhöggs);(3)fig. gap, breach (kom þá fljótt h. í liðit).

högg-fœri,n. thebeingwithinsword’s reach;standaí-fœri(viðe-n), tostand withinstrokeofsword; -járn,n. ‘hewing iron’,chopper; -ormr,m. viper; -orrosta,f. closefight; -ró,f. clinch ona sword’shilt(cf.‘hugró’); -rúm,n. room

touseasword; -sax,n. akindofcutlass; -spjót, akindofhalberd; -staðr,m. placeforablow (leita-staðaráe-m); -stokkr, m. chopping-block. höggu-nótt, f. = hökunótt.

höggva (høgg; hjó, hjoggum or hjuggum; höggvinn and högginn),v. (1) tostrike,smite (withasharpweapon); høggrsá,erhlífaskyldi, hestrikeswho oughttoshield;h.sverði(or meðsverði), tostrikewithasword;h.e-nbana-högg, to giveonehisdeathblow;(2) tocutdown,destroy (þeirhjoggudrekannmjök);(3) to puttodeath,behead (sumaléthannhengjaeðah.); tokill,slaughter (h.hest,búfé, kýr,naut);(4) tofelltrees (hannhefir höggvitískógimínum);(5) tostrike,bite (ofasnake,boar);ormrinnhjóhanntil bana, thesnakestruckhimdead;(6)with preps.,h.e-taf, toheworcutoff (h.af kampaokskegg);h.affé, tokill(slaughter)cattle;h.e-tafsér, towardof;h. eptire-m, tocutatone,=h.tile-s(hjá eptirhonummeðsverði);h.íhöfuðem, togiveoneablowonthehead;h.etniðr, tocutdown (varmerkihansniðr höggvit); tokill,butcher (I.hefiráðrniðr höggvitbrœðrsínatvá);h.e-tór, tocut out;fig. tomakeeven,smooth (látakonungokerkibisupórh.slíkargreinir); h.e-tísundr, tohewasunder;h.tiles, tostrike(cut)atone,=h.eptire-m; h.upptré, tocutdownatree;h.upp skip, tobreakashipup;(7)refl. tobecut, hacked (hjástskjöldrHelga);þóttihonumnútakamjökumathöggvast, things lookedhard;recipr., toexchangeblows, fight (þeir hjuggust nökkura stund).

höggvandi,m.(1) hewer,smiter;(2) headsman, executioner. högg-vápn,n. ‘cuttingweapon’,sword

or axe (opp. to ‘lagvápn’).

höggva-skipti, -viðskipti,n.pl. exchange of blows. högg-øx, f. ‘hewing-axe’, hatchet. högld (pl. hagldir),f.akindof buckle (shapedlikeoo),usedtorunarope throughwithwhichhayistrussed (bregða reipum í hagldir).

höku-,gen.from‘haka’; -bein,n. chin bone (hökubeinitokhakan); -langr,a. having a long chin. hökul-brœkr,f.pl. ‘cloak-breeches’ (exact meaning doubtful).

hökull (dat. hökli),m. priest’scope chasuble.

hökul-skúaðr, pp. ‘cloak-shod’ (?).

höku-mikill,a. havingalargechin (hálslangr ok h.).

höku-nótt, f. midwinter-night. höku-skegg, n. beard on the chin. höld-borinn,pp. bornofa ‘höldr’, enjoying a höld’s right, free-born. höldr,m.(1) akindofhigheryeoman; (2) inpoetry,man;höldasynir, sonsof men.

hölkn, n. a rough, stony field. höll (gen. hallar,pl. hallir),f. large house, hall (esp. of a king or earl).

hølzti, adv. = helzti.

höm (gen. hamar),f. hamorhaunch (of a horse).

hömlu-,gen.from‘hamla’; -band,n. oar-strap, oar-grummet. hönd (gen. handar,dat. hendi;pl. hendr),f.(1) hand;takahendiáe-u, totouchwiththehand;hafae-tíhendi, toholdinthehand;drepahendiviðeu, torefuse;haldahendiyfire-m, toprotectone;takae-nhöndum, toseize,capture;berahöndfyrirhöfuðsér, todefend oneself;eigahendrsínaratverja, toact

inselfdefence;látae-thendifirr, tolet gooutofone’shands,tolose;takaíh.em, tojoinhandswithone;eigae-tjöfnum höndum, toowninequalshares;sverja sérafhendi, toforswear;afhendie-s, on one’sbehalf,onthepartof (afhendilandsmanna);athendi,asadv. inturn;hverr athendi, eachinturn;felastáhendiem, tobeunderone’sprotection;hvater þéráhöndum, whathastthouinhand?; efhonumværiekkiáhöndum, ifhehad nothinginhand,ifhishandswerefree; eigae-tfyrirhendi(höndum), tohavein hand (duty,business,engagement);vera íhendi, tobeathand,atone’sdisposal; hafavel(illa)íhöndum, tobehavewell (badly);hafae-tmeðhöndum, tohavein hand,manage,discharge;hljótae-tundanhendie-s, fromone,atone’shand; áh.,áhendr, against (lýsavígiáh.em);snúavandaáhendre-m, tothrow theresponsibilityonone;fœraste-táhendr, toundertake;ganga(drífa)áh.e-m, tosubmittoone;bjargastásínarhendr, byone’sownhandiwork;selja,gefa,fáetíhönd(hendr)e-m, togiveintoone’s hands,handover;búae-tíhendre-m, tomakeitreadyforone;kallatile-sí hendre-m, tolayclaimtoathingatthe handsofanother;þásömunótt,erfórí h., thefollowingnight;veðróxíh., the windrosehigherandhigher;verahœgt umh., tobeeasyinhand;tilhandae-m, intoone’shands;gangatilhandae-m, to putoneselfinanother’shands,submitto him;efþatberrþértilhanda, ifitbefalls thee;þáskömmkýsekméreigitilhanda, Iwillnothavethatshameatmydoor; biðjakonutilhandae-m, onone’sbehalf, forhim;(2) thearmandhand,thearm (höndingekkafaxlarliðnum;hannhefir

áhœgrihendihringfyrirofanölnboga); vareigidjúparaenþeimtókundirhendr, thewaterjustreachedtotheirarmpits;(3) hand,side;áhœgri(vinstri)h., onthe right(left)hand,side;áhvárah., oneither hand;minnar(yðvarrar)handar, formy (your)part;(4) kind,sort;allrahanda árgœzka, great abundance of all things. höndla (að),v.(1) toseize,capture (h. glœpamann);(2) totreat;h.e-nilla, to treat one ill. hönk (gen. hankar,pl. henkr),f. hank,coil,loop,ring;sterkarhenkr, strong clasps. hörfa (að),v. toretire,withdraw (h. undan);h.fyrire-m, togivewaybefore one.

hör-gefn, f. poet. woman. hörgr (-s, -ar),m. heathenplaceof worship,cairnoraltarofstone (hörghann mér gørði hlaðinn steinum).

hör-hnoða, n. clew of flax. hörkla (að),v. tohobble,walkwithdifficulty (þatliðtekratdasastokhörklaraf heiðinni ofan).

hörkull, m. noise, din. hörmugr, a. afflicted, sorrowful. hörmu-liga,adv. sadly; -ligr,a. sad, distressing (-lig tíðendi).

hörmung, f. grief, affliction. hörmungar-læti, -orð,n.pl., -tala, f. lamentations. hörpu-,gen.from‘harpa’; -leikr,m. playingonaharp; -skel,f. ‘harpshell’, scallop; -slagari,m. harper; -slagi,m. harper; -slagr,m. strikingtheharp; -sláttr,m. strikingtheharp; -stokkr, m. harp-case; -strengr, m. harp-string. hörr (dat. hörvi and hör),m. flax, linen (afhöreðahampi);dúkrhvítraf hörvi, a cloth of white linen.

hör-skryddr, pp. clad in linen. hörund,n.andf.(1) humanflesh,= hold(milliskinnsokhörunds);(2) skin, complexion;svartráhárokh., blackin hair and skin. hörundar-litr,m. colourofflesh (Hel er blá hálf, en hálf með -lit). hörunds-litr,m.=hörundarlitr; -ljóss, a. of bright complexion.

hös-magi,m. asheepwithagrey,dusky belly; -mögóttr,a. greyonthebelly (hrútr h. at lit).

höss (acc. hösvan),a. grey,ofawolf (úlfr hinn hösvi).

hösvast (að),v.refl. toapproachone wrathfully (h. at e-m).

höttr (gen. hattar,dat. hetti;pl. hettir, acc. höttu), m. hood.

Iiða, f. eddy, whirlpool. ið-gjöld,n. recompense,reward; -gnógr,a. over-abundant; -gnótt,f. great abundance.

iðinn, a. diligent, assiduous.

iðja (að), v. to do, perform. iðja, f. activity, doing, business. iðja-grœnn, a. ever-green. iðju-,gen.from‘iðja’; -fullr,a. hardworking; -lauss,a. idle; -leysi,n.idleness; -maðr,m. hard-workingman; -samr, a. industrious.

iðka (að), v. to perform, cultivate. ið-líka, adv. exactly alike (e-m).

iðn (pl. -ir), f. occupation, business.

iðna (að),v.(1) todo,perform,=iðja; (2) to work at (a thing).

iðnar-,gen.from‘iðn’; -maðr,m.= iðjumaðr.

iðr, n. pl. bowels, entrails. iðra (að),v. tomakeonerepent (eigi iðramikmínargørðir);impers.e-niðrar e-s or eptire-t,andrefl.,iðraste-s, torepent of. iðran, f. repentance. iðranar-fullr,a. repentant,penitent; -fúss,a. repentant,penitent; -lauss,a. unrepentant; -mark,n. markofrepentance.

iðrandi (pl. -endr), m. repentant. iðrar,f.pl.(1) bowels,entrails =iðr;(2) repentance.

iðri, a. compar., see ‘innri’.

iðug-liga, = iðu-liga; -ligr, = iðu-ligr. iðu-kast, n. whirling eddy, = iða. iðu-liga,adv. frequently; -ligr,a. frequent, continuous. iður-liga, = iðu-liga; -ligr, = iðu-ligr. if, ifa, ifan, see ‘ef, efa, efan’. igða, f. a kind of small bird. il (pl. iljar), f. sole of the foot. il-band, n. strap under the foot. ilbanda-brœkr,f.pl. breechesor trousers with ‘il-bönd’. illa (compar. verr,superl. verst), adv. badly, ill; líka i., to dislike.

ill-bragð,n., -brigði,n. badtrick; -býli,n. wretchedhome; -deildir,f.pl. hostilities,quarrels; -dýri,n. noxiousanimal.

illendi,n.pl.(1) spite (tiláleitniokillenda);(2) gangrene (þatsárgreriilla,svá at blástr hljóp ok illendi í).

ill-felli,n. mishap; -fengr, ill-natured; -ferli,n.pl. illdoings,evilways; -fúss,a. ill-willed; -fygli,n. noxious birds; -fýstr,pp. bentonevil; -geta,f. imputation; -girnd,f., -girni,f. ill-will, ill-nature,malice; -gjarn,a. ill-willed,illnatured,malicious; -gjarnligr,a. ill-natured,spiteful; -gresi,n. ‘evilgrass’, weeds,tares; -grunaðr,pp. suspectedof evil (ume-ð); -gæti,n. illfare; -gørð,f. evil doing, misdeed. illgørða-flokkr,m. gangofevil-doers; -maðr,m. evil-doer; -samr,a. evildoing.

ill-hreysingr,m. savage,miscreant; -hveli, n. evil (noxious) whale. illi-liga,adv. hideously; -ligr,a. illlooking, hideous (-lig gaulan).

ill-kvikendi,n. noxiousbeast; -kykvendi,n. noxiousbeast; -kyndugr, a. crafty,wily,cunning; -kyngi,f. wili-

ness; -leikni,f. ill-treatment (gørae-m -leikni).

ill-liðnaðar-maðr,m. amanofanill life (-maðr um kvennafar).

ill-lifnaðr,m., -lífi,n. wickedlife; -lífr,a. wicked; -lyndi,n. eviltemper, ill-nature; -læti,n.pl. hideousgrimaces; -mannliga,adv. wickedly,cruelly; -mannligr,a. inhumane,cruel,wicked; -málugr,a. foul-mouthed,slanderous; -menni,n. wicked(cruel)man; -mennska,f. wickedness,cruelty; -mæla (-ta, -tr),v. totalkevilof,slander,withacc. ordat.; -mælgi,f., -mæli,n. slander, calumny,libel; -orðr,a. slanderous,abusive.

illr (compar. verri,superl.verstr), a.(1) ill,evil,bad;illrmaðr, abadman; illráð, evilcounsel;illumhuga, withevil intent;illufeginnverþúaldregi, neverrejoiceatevil;illarálögur, evil,oppressive burden;(2) hard,difficult,withgen.;illr viðr-eignar, illtodealwith;(3) close, mean, stingy (illr af mat).

ill-ráðr,a., -ráðugr,a. wicked; -ræði, n. evil deed, crime. illræðis-maðr, m. evil-doer. ill-sakar,f.pl.,troða-sakarviðe-n, to have it out with one. illska, f. wickedness, cruelty. illskast (að),v.refl. towaxwrothand furious. ill-skái, m. the less of two evils. illsku-fullr,a. fullofwickedness; -kraptr,m. wickedpower; -maðr,m. wicked(cruel)man; -þrá,f. incinationto mischief or evil. ill-spár,f.pl. evilprophecy,croakings; -svipligr,a. ill-looking; -úð,f. ill-nature; -úðigr,a. ill-natured,evil-boding; -úðligr,a. ill-looking,grim; -verk,n.

evil deed; -viðri, n. bad weather. illviðris-bakki,m., -klakkar,m. pl. foul-weather clouds. ill-vili,m. ill-will,hostility; -vilja,a. indecl., -viljaðr,a. ill-willed,evil-minded.

illvilða-maðr, m. ill-wisher. ill-virki (pl. -virkjar),m. evil-doer, criminal; -virki,n. evildoing,crime,robbery,ravage; -vært,a.n.,illværtvarúti, onecouldhardlystayoutofdoors; -yrða (-eða, -ðr),v. tospeakill,toabuse; -yrði,n.pl. abusivelanguage; -yrmi,n. noxiousworms,vermin; -ýðgi,f.=-úð; -þræli,n. wretchedthrall; -þýði,n. rabble, gang of thieves and robbers. illþýðis-fólk,n.=illþýði; -maðr,m. = illvirki (m.).

ilma (-di, -t),v.(1) tosmellsweet;ilmandi, sweet-smelling;(2) toscent,perceive by smell (þefja ok ilma).

ilmr, m. sweet smell, scent. imbru-dagar, m. pl. Ember-days. imbrudaga-vika, f. Ember-week. imbru-dœggr, n. pl. = -dagar. in,temp.adv.,pleonast.beforeacompar.,hélt-ainlengrrúmi, hekeptnothis placelonger,heranaway;mannin harðara=harðaramann, ahardierman; nemaþúinsnotrarisér, unlessthouart wiser;néinheldr, neither;néhestsin heldr, norofhishorseeither;eigiinheldr ætla ek þat, neither do I think that. inn (compar. innarr,superl. innst), adv.(1) in,into;gangainníbúðina, to gointothebooth;gangainn, togoindoors (Njállgekkýmistúteðainn);kastae-m (setjae-n)inn, tocastintoprison;varþar glaumrmikillinn(inthehouse)atheyra; inneptirfirði, inwardsalongthefirth;(2) denotingthesituationofaplace,=inni

(varðHálfdánbráðdauðrinníþrándheimi);(3)innarr, moreinward,fartherin; innst, most inward, farthest in. inn (in, it),def.art. the =hinn(hin, hit).

inna (-ta, -tr),v.(1) toperform (i. Íþrótt);hafðihannþáafhendiinntalla sættsína, hehadthenfulfilledallthe termsofhisatonement;(2) topay,discharge (i.gjaldafhendi);hvatáttumér illtati., whatevilhastthoutorepayme? (3) torelate,tell (i.sínvandræði);innti orðstafiateldiljósum, shereadoutthe lettersbythelightofthefire;(4)i.tile-s, toalludeto,mention,speakof (þáskatta, semnúmunektili.);i.upp, tosumup, expound (i.uppallanmálavöxt);(5)refl., innasttilume-t, todiscuss;inntustþeir tilumkaupakosti, theydiscussedthebargain; innast orð við, to exchange words. innan,adv.(1) fromwithin,fromaninnerpart (reruþeirinnanímótiþeim); læstihónloptinui., shelockedthedoor fromtheinside;(2) internally,within;genguþeirumkirkjunai., allaroundtheinsideofthechurch;rakþásíðanumhafi., allaboutthesea;fyriri.,prep.withacc. Insideof,within;fyriri.stokk, in-doors; (3)prep.withgen. Within;i.lítilstíma, withinashorttime,presently;esp.ina great many adverbial compds. innan-borðs,adv. onboard; -borgar, adv. withinthetown; -búðar,adv. within thebooth; -bæjar,adv. withintown; -gengt,a.n. accessiblefromwithin (gengtvarífjósit); -húss,adv. indoors, withinthehouse; -lands,adv. withinthe land, at home. innanlands-höfðingi,m. native chief; -menn, m. pl. natives. innan-mein,n. internalconplaint;

-rifja,adv. withintheribs,inwardly; -sótt,f.=-mein; -vátr,a. wetwithin; hafa-vátt, tohavetheseawashingover; þeirfengumjök-vátt, theyhadawetpassage; -verðr,a. inward,interior;í-verðri búðinni, intheinner(inmost)partofthe booth.

innar-liga, adv. far inward. innarr, adv. compar., see ‘inn’. innarst,adv.superl. farthestin,atthefurther end, = innst, see ‘inn’. inn-blástr,m. inspiration; -borg,f. theinnercastle,keep; -byrðis,adv. on board; -dæli,n. ease,comfort; -dæll,a. quiteeasy; -eygr,a. in-eyed,hollow-eyed; -firðingr (-s, -ar),m. amanfromthe innerpartofafjord; -ganga,f. entrance; beiðae-n-göngu, toaskonetobeletin; -gangr,m.(1)=inn-ganga;(2) beginning (föstu-gangr); -gjald,n. payingin, opp.to‘útgjald’, outlay; -gröptr,m. engraving (on a seal).

inn-fjálgr,a. hot,burning (tárinnfjálgt).

inngöngu-leyfi, n. leave to enter. inn-hallt,adv. intowardsland;sigla -hallara, tostandnearertheshore; -hlutr,m. innerpart; -hýsa (-ta, -tr), v. tohouse,harbour; -hýsingr (-s, -ar), m. lodger; -hýsis, adv. = innanhúss. inni,adv. in-doors;útioki., out-doors andin-doors;brennae-ni., toburnoneto deathinhishouse;hafaboði., toholda (wedding-) feast at one’s home. inni,n. abode,house,home;násínui., to get home. inni-hús,n. dwelling-house; -höfn,f. harbouring,housing; -liga,adv. exactly, minutely (segja-ligafráe-u); -vist,f. dwelling in a house. inn-koma,f. comingin,arrival; -kvá-

ma,f. comingin,arrival; -kvæmt,a.n., erengummanni-kvæmt, nooneisallowedtoenter; -land,n. inland; -leið,f. (1) coastingalong,coursealongtheshore; (2) entrails (innleiðdýra); -leizla,f. introduction; -lendr,a.(1)native,opp.to ‘útlendr’;(2) residinginone’scountry; -lenzkr,a. indigenous; -raptr,m. innerrafter; -reið,f. ridingin; -renta,f. income. innri,a.compar. inner,inmost,interior,=iðri;farahitinnra(iðra), togobythe inner road. inn-sigla (að), v. to seal.

inn-sigli, n. seal, seal-ring. innst, adv. superl. from ‘inn’. inn-stólpi, m. = -stöpull. innstr, a. superl. innermost. inn-strönd,f. theinnerstrand; -stœða,f. investment; -stöpull,m. innerpillar; -tak,n. contents (ofabook); -viðir, m. pl. ribs (of a ship).

inn-virðiliga, -virðuliga,adv. closely, minutely, = einvirðuliga. inn-yfli, n. pl. entrails, bowels. inn-þrændir,m.pl. theinhabitantsof the inner part of Thrandheim.

í,prep.—I.withdat.,(1) in,within; felafésittíjörðu, tohideone’smoney intheearth;fastirívellinum, fastinthe ground;veraísveit, toliveinadistrict; íöðrumlöndum, inotherlands;(2)with localnames(íOrkneyjum,íLaxárdal,í Borgarfirði,&c.);(3)inacertainspot; íeinumstað,íþeim(hverjum)stað, in one,that(every)place;standaíhöggfœri, withinsword’sreach;(4) in,among;ívalnum, amongtheslain;(5)ofclothes;vera í, tohaveon,wear (hannvaríblámstakki, ílitklæðum);(6) during,in;þennavetrí jólum, duringYule;ísumri(hausti), this summer(autumn);íþvíbili, inthatmoment;íþvíerGunnarstendrupp, atthe verymomentwhenG.rises;(7)denoting action,state,condition;veraíförmeð e-m, totravelinone’scompany;veraí víkingu, tobeengagedinfreebooting;í traustie-s, inhistrust,underhisprotection;veraígóðuyfirlæti, tobeingood quarters,livewell;liggjaíúviti, toliein aswoon;veraígóðu(illu)skapi, tobein good(ill)humour;(8) inrespectof,inregardto;roskinníorðum, matureinwords; léttrímáli, cheerfulinspeech;íöllum mannraunum, inalltrials;(9)denoting formorcontent, in;ateigihafikomit tilNoregsmeirigørsemiískikkju, sucha jewelofacloak;féeríþví thereisvalue init;Hallrkvaðgóðankostíhenni, H. saidshewasagoodmatch;hvateríþví?

howisthat?whatisthematter? (10) by meansof,through (optkaupirsérílitlu lof);(11)equivalenttoagen.orpossess. pron.;hannbrauthryggíhenni, hebroke herback;hannknýtirsamanallahalana ínautunum, allthecows’tails;II.with acc.,(1) in,into (spjótitflóniðrívöllinn); leggjae-tíkistu, toputintoachest(coffin);steinninnkomíhöfuðhonum, the stonehithiminthehead;sigla(láta)íhaf, tostandouttosea;varþatsagtGunnari inníbúðina, wordwascarriedintothe boothtoGunnar;giptastíönnurlönd, to marryintoothercountries,marryanalien; deyjaMælifell, topassintoM.afterdeath; þórðrsvafokhorfðiíloptupp, withhis faceturnedupwards;(2)oftime; in,during;íþatmund, atthathour;ínótt,this night;ivetr, thiswinter;í(=um)fjórtán vetr, forfourteenwinters;(3)denotingentranceintoastate,condition, in,into; gangaíböndokeiða, toenterintobonds andoaths;fallaíúvit, tofallintoaswoom; takae-nífrið, topardonone;bjóðabúum ísetu, tocallontheneighbourstotake theirseats;(4)denotingchange into; skjöldrinnklofnaðiítváhluti, splitin two;brotnaíspán, tobeshiveredto pieces;verjafésínuílausaeyri, toconvert one ’spropertyintomovables;(5)denoting theobject,purpose,&c.;gjaldaísonarbœtr, topayastheson’sweregild;þiggjaetvingjafir, toacceptasafriend’sgift;kaupae-tískuld, tobuyoncredit;gørae-t íhag(vil)e-m, todosomethinginone’s favour.

í-blár,a. bluish; í-blástr,m. inspiration; í-búa,f. femaleinmate; í-búð,f. indwelling; í-byggjari,m. inmate,inhabitant.

íð (pl. -ir), f. doing, deed (poet.).

í-endr,a. stillbreathing,alive,opp.to ‘ør-endr’; í-fang,n. grapplingwith; ífellt,a.n.,ofthewind, fillingthesails; í-frá,prep.,see‘frá’; í-ganga,f. undertaking,enteringupon; í-gangr,m.(1) beginning; (2) wearing of clothes.

ígangs-klæði,n.pl. wearingapparel (höfðu menn -klæði sín).

í-gildi,n. equivalent,equal (þeirþykkja veralendramannaígildi); í-gjarn,a. eagerfor (e-s); í-gróðra,a.indecl. infull growth.

ígull, m. sea-urchin.

íhlutanar-mikill, -samr,a. meddlesome, interfering.

í-hræddr,a. alittletimid; í-huga (að),v. toconsider,museover; í-hugan, f. minding,consideraticn; í-hugi,m. minding, sympathy.

í-högg, n. striking in.

íkorni, m. squirrel.

í-kynda (-da, -dr),v. tokindle;refl., íkyndast, tobekindled,takefire; í-lát,n. vesselintowhichathingisput; í-lendast (d),v.refl. tosettleinacountry; í-lendr, a. settled in a place, naturalized.

ím, n. dust, ashes.

íma, f. poet. strife, fight, battle.

írar, m. pl. Irishmen, the Irish. írast, v. refl. to be rumoured abroad.

íri, m. rumour, gossip (rare).

írland, n. Ireland.

írska, f. the Irish tongue.

írskr, a. Irish.

ísa (að), v. to cover with ice (íss).

ísa-gangr,m. driftingofice; -lauss,a. ice-free; -lög,n.pl. formationorlayerof ice.

ísarn,n. iron,=járn; -kol,n. bellows; -leikr, m. battle (poet.).

ís-brot,n. brokenice; -brún,f. edgeof an ice-field; -högg, n. ice-breaking.

í-sjá, f. attention.

ís-jaki, m. ice-floe.

ísjá-verðr, a. worth looking into. í-sjón,f. aspect,appearance (þannveg er himininn ísjónar).

ís-kaldr, a. ice-cold.

ís-land, n. Iceland.

ís-lendingr (-s, -ar), m. Icelander. ís-lenska, f. the Icelandic tongue.

ís-lenskr, a. Icelandic. ís-lög,n.pl.=ísalög; -möl,f. ground (broken) ice; -rek, n., -reki, m. ice-drift.

íss (gen. íss,pl. ísar),m. ice;ísa(acc.) leggrávötn, thelakes(rivers)freezeover; ísaleysir,tekrafvötnum, theicethaws, breaks up.

í-stað (pl. í-stöð),n. stirrup; í-stangan,f. instigation,pricking; í-stig,n.= ístað.

ístr, n., ístra, f. paunch-fat. ístöðu-lauss, a. weak, faint-hearted. ítala,f. proportionateshareincommon pasture.

ítar-ligr, a. fine, glorious, lordly. ítr (acc. ítran), a. glorious, excellent. ítr-borinn,pp. high-born; -hugaðr, a. high-mmuinded; -laukr,m. beautiful leekorplant; -mannligr,a. ofstout,noblebearing; -skapaðr,pp. beautifully shaped; -vaxinn,pp. ofbeautifulstature; -þveginn,pp. clean-washed,bright (ítrþvegnir armar).

í-vera,f. ‘dwelling-in’ (kjósasérstaðtil íveru).

ívið-gjarn, a. wicked, evil (rare).

íviði, n. (Völuspá 2)?

ísarn-borg,f. ironplatingofaship (poet.); -kol, -kul,n. ironchillorcoldness.

íviðja, f. giantess, ogress (rare).

í-vist,f.=ívera;hústilívistar, ahouse to dwell in.

íþrótt,f. accomplishment,feat,art, skill (vel búinn at íþróttum).

íþrótta-lauss,a. unskilled; -maðr, m. one skilled in bodily exercises. íþrótt-ligr,a. skilful;-ligrfimleikr, dexterity in feats.

Jjaðarr (gen. -s,dat. jaðri,pl. jaðrar),m.(1) edge,border,selvage (of cloth,ofasail,tent,&c.);(2)poet. prince, lord (ása j., folks j.).

jaðra-skegg, n. whiskers. jafn,a.(1) even;jöfntala, evennumber; (2) equal,thesame;þínar(viz.ferðir) verðaflestarjafnastar, thydoingsare mostlythesame,allequallybad;hannvar ellefuvetraoksterkr at jöfnumaldri, and strongforhisage;jafne-m, equaltoone; jafntersemþérsýnist,aferfótrinn, itis justasitappearstothee,thelegisoff;komasttiljafnsviðe-n,hafae-ttiljafnsvið e-n, toequalone,beone’smatchinathing; at jöfnu, equally, in equal shares. jafn-,incompds., sucha,so…a,equally,as;erþatskömmj.-mörgummönnum, itisashameforsomanymen;j.-frægrdrengr, sofineafellow;j.-auðveldr,as easy.

jafna (að),v.(1) tocuteven,totrim (mörumsínummönjafnaði);(2) tomake equal;(3) todivideinequalshares (j.ríki meðsér);(4)j.e-utile-s,viðe-t, to compare(liken)onethingwith(to)another;j.e-usaman, tocompare,setofone thingagainstanother (varþájafnatsaman vígum);(5)refl.,jafnastviðe-n,jafnast e-m, toevenoneselfwith,calloneselfa matchfor,another;j.orðumviðe-n, to bandy words with one. jafna,f. levelground,plain (hannflýði

af hálsinum ofan á jöfnu).

jafnaðar-boð,n. fairoffer; -dómr,m. fairjudgement;leggjamáltil-dóms, to putacasebeforeanumpire; -fundr,m. a meetingonequalterms; -geð,n. eventemper; -kaup,n. equalbargain; -maðr,m. (1) equalmatch;(2) fair(impartial)man; -samr,a. fair; -skipti,n. fairdealing; -þokki, m. mutual affection. jafnaðr (gen. -ar),m.(1) comparison; (2) equalshare (enþaðanafhöfumvitjafnaðbáðir);atjafnaði, inequalproportions (skiptae-uatjafnaði); usually,asarule (= með jafnaði); (3) equity, fairness. jafn-aldra,a.indecl. ofthesameage; -aldri,m. oneofthesameage (þeirváru mjök jafnaldrar).

jafnan, adv. constantly, always. jafn-bjóða (see bjóða),v. tobeequal to,beamatchforone (e-m); -borinn, pp. ofequalbirth;-borinntile-s, having equalbirthrightto (-borinntilríkissem ek); -breiðr,a. equallybroad; -dœgri, n. equallengthofdayandnight,equinox; -dœmi,n. equitable(fair)judgement,justice; -dœmr, a. fair, impartial. jafnendr, m. pl. daysmen, umpires. jafn-fram,adv.(1) equallyforward, sidebyside,with (leggrframskeiðina -framskipiHrúts); evenly,inastraight line (standaallir-framfyrirkonungsborðinu);(2) atthesametime (þeirriðutil þings-framSkeggja); -framt,adv. equally,inthesamedegree,=-fram; -fœtis,adv. onequalfooting (standa -fœtise-m,viðe-n); -gegnt,prep.with dat. justoppositeto; -girnd,f. equity, fairness; -gjarn,a. aseager;just,equitable; -harðr,a. ashard; -hugaðr,a.(1) of even temper; (2) of one mind. jafni,m.(1) equalness;mælatiljafna(=

tiljafns)viðe-n, tospeakjustaswellas another; (2) even number (= jöfn tala). jafningi (pl. -jar), m. equal, match. jafn-keypi,n. equalbargain,=jafnaðarkaup; -kominn,pp. oneventerms; withequaltitle (-komnirtilerfðar);neut., -komiterámeðykkr, youarewell matched; -krappr,a. asstrait,asnarrow; í-krappanstað, insuchastrait; -leikit, pp.n. anequalgame; -lendi,n. alevel pieceofground; -lengd,f. thesametime ofthefollowingday(til-lengdarannars dags); thesameday inthenextyear, anniversary (eigisíðarrenfyrir-lengd); -léttvígr,a. asactiveinwieldingarms; -liða,a.indecl. withanequalnumberof men; -liga,adv.(1) equally,fairly (skipta -liga);(2) usually,always; -ligr,a. equal, fair; -lyndi,n. evennessoftemper; -lyndr,a. even-tempered; -maki,m.=jafningi; -menni,n. equal,match; -menntr,a. ofequalrank; -mæli,n. fairplay,equality; -oki,m. equal,match (forone); -ræði,n. equalmatch; -saman,adv. together (fyrirþessahugsanalla-saman); -skiptiliga,adv. equally; -skjótt,adv. immediately,atonce;-skjóttsem, assoon as; -snemma,adv. attheverysamemoment;allir-snemma, allatthesametime; -sætti, n. an agreement on equal terms. jafnt,adv.(1) just,precisely (þatvarj. jólaaptansjálfan,erþeirbörðust);(2) always, perpetually. jafn-tefli,a. anequal,drawngame; -vegit,pp.n. withanequalnumberslain onbothsides; -vel,adv.(1) aswell,equallywell;(2) likewise,even (-velsýniliga); -virði,n. equalworth; -vígi,n. drawnbattle; -vægi,n. equalweight; -vægja (-ða, -t),v. toequal,match,withdat.; -vægr, a. ofequalweight; -vætta (-tta, -tt),

v. toweighagainst,counterbalance; -yrða (-ða, -ðr),v. tobandywordswithone (en).

jaga (að),v.(1) toharpononestring;j. ávalltáennisömusök, tobealwaysharpingonthesamecase;(2) tohunt (j.dýr), rare.

jaka-för, f. drifting of ice-floes. jaki, m. broken ice, ice-floe. jakobs-land,n. Compostella inSpain; -messa, f. St. James’ mass. jalda, f. mare (í jöldu líki).

jam-, jamn-, see ‘jafn-’. jamtar, jamtr,m.pl. menfromJamtaland in Sweden.

jarða (að), v. to earth, bury. jarðar-,gen.from‘jörð’; -ávöxtr,m. produceoftheearth; -blómi,m. bloomof theearth; -megin,n. strengthoftheearth (sávaraukinn-megni or -magni); -men, n. alongsodorturf;gangaundir-men, to creepunderasod partiallydetachedfrom the earth.

jarð-bann,n. wantofgrazing (from snoworfrost); -borg,f. strongholdof earth; -búi,m. underground-dweller; -eldr,m. volcanicfire; -fall,n. earth-slip; -fastr,a. fixedintheearth (-fastr steinn); -fé,n. treasurehiddeninthe earth; -fjúk,n. driftingsnow; -fólginn, pp. hiddenintheearth; -hita,f., -hiti, m. subterranean(volcanic)heat; -hola,f. earth-hole; -hús,n. undergroundroomor passage; -kostr,m. choiceofland,land tobehad; -kross,m. cross-shapedmark intheground; -laug,f. abathinawarm springintheearth; -ligr,a. earthly; -lús,f. ‘earth-louse’; -lægr,a. lyingon theground; -neskr,a. earthly; -ríki,n. theearth,world,opp.to‘himin-ríki’; -skjálfti,m. earthquake; -stofa,f. un-

jarki J járn-hanki

dergroundroom; -veggr,m. earthenwall.

jarki, m. the outside edge of the foot.

jarkna-steinn, m. glittering gem.

jarl (-s, -ar),m.(1)poet. ahighborn, noblemanorwarrior;(2) earl (indignity nexttotheking); -borinn,pp. earlborn,anearlbybirth; -dómr,m., -dœmi, n. earldom.

jarls-dóttir,f. earl’sdaughter; -maðr,m. anearl’sfollower; -nafn,n. earl’stitle; -ríki,n. dominionofanearl, earldom; -sæti, n. earl’s seat. jarma (að),v. tobleat,ofsheepand goats (ærin jarmaði).

jarmr,m. bleating (sauðaj.); screaming of birds (fugls j.).

jarpr,a. chestnut,reddish-brown (j.á hár); j. hestr, chestnut-horse. jarp-skamr,m. ‘thebrownpygmy’ (viz. Erpr).

jarp-skjóttr, a. bay-piebald. jar-tegn (-tein, -teikn),n.(1) token, proof (ofathing);hafae-ttil-tegna, to useasatokenorevidence;veratiljartegna, toserveasatoken;(2) miracle; -tegna, -teina (að or -di, -dr),v. tobetoken. jata (gen. jötu), f. manger. jaur, adv. yes indeed, yes certainly. jaxl (-s, -ar),m. jaw-tooth,grinder,molar (tennrnar ok jaxlarnir).

jaxla-verkr, m. tooth-ache. já, adv. yea, yes; já, já! yes, yes! já (jái,jáða,jáðr),v. tosayyes,assent to,withdat.(hannjáðiþví);jáe-me-u, toconfessathingtoone;j.e-uupp,undan sér, to yield up. já-kvæða (-dda, -ddr),v. tosayyes to,withdat.; -kvæði,n. assent,consent; gjalda-kvæðitile-s, togiveone’sassent to; -orð, n. = -kvæði.

járn,n.(1) iron (hagráj.);beraj., to

carryhotiron (asanordeal);(2)inpl. irons,fetters (setjae-níj.,sitjaíjárnum); ironhinges (lékþargrindájárnum); horse-shoes.

járna (að),v.(1) tomountwithiron (járnaðirvagnar);(2) toshoeahorse (hestr járnaðr öllum fótum).

járna-far,n. iron-plating,onaship; -gangr,m. chafing,gallingfromirons (máttlítillaf-gangi); -staðr,m. markor print of irons. járn-borg,f. ‘iron-castle’ (usedofa ringofiron-cladships); -bundinn,pp. iron-bound,ofashield; -burðr,m. the ordealofcarryinghotiron; -bútr,m. iron stump; -dragi,m. ‘iron-drawer’,magnet; -festr,f. ironband; -fjöturr,m. ironfetter; -fleinn,m. ironrod; -gaddr,m. ironspike(goad); -gjörð,f. irongirdle; -glófi,m. ironglove; -góðr,a. ofgood iron; -greipr, f. pl. iron gloves. járngørðar-maðr, m. blacksmith. járn-hanki,m. ironhandle; -hólkr, m. irontube; -hvalr,m. harpooned whale; -kambr,m. ironcomb; -ketill, m. ironkettle; -kló,f. ironclaworfang; -klukka,f. ironbell; -klæddr,pp. ironclad; -krókr,m. ironcrook; -kylfa,f. ironclub; -ligr,a. ofiron; -loka,f. iron bar; -lurkr,m. ironcudgel; -lykkja,f. ironclasp; -meiss,m. ironbasket; -mél, n.pl. ironmouth-piece (ofabridle); -mikill,a. ofsolidiron; -nökkvi,m. ironboat; -rekendr,f.pl. ironchains; -rending,f. ironbrim (ofashield); -rendr,pp. borderedwithiron (targa -rend); -sía,f. sparkfromred-hotiron; -skór,m. ironshoe; -slá,f. ironbar; -sleggja,f. ironsledge-hammer; -smiðr, m. blacksmith; -smíði,n. smith’swork; -spjót,n. ironspear; -spöng,f. iron

plate; -stafr,m. ironstaf; -stöng,f. ironbar; -súla,f. ironcolumn; -teinn, m. ironprong; -vafiðr,pp. woundround withiron; -variðr,pp. mountedwithiron (=járnivarðr); -vápn,n.pl. iron weapons; -viðjar,f.pl. ironwithes,iron wire.

játa,or játta (að,or -tta, -ttr),v. (1) tosayyesto,withdat.(þessujátar or játirhann);(2) toacknowledge,admit (erkibiskuphafðiþvíjátat,at);(3) toconsent;munekþessuj.fyrirmikokmína heimamenn, Iwillagreetothisformyself andmyhousehold;j.e-uundansér,j.e-u upp, toyieldup;(4) topromise (konungr játaðiþeimgriðumoksættum);(5)with acc.ofthething, toacknowledge (j.syndir); togrant,give (játtuðuallirþérkonungdóm);withacc.oftheperson;fyr enganmunjátumvérhannguð, byno meansdoweacknowledgehimtobeGod;j. sik, toconfessoneself;j.sikundire-t, to engageoneself;(6)refl.,játastundire-t, játast til e-s, = játa sik undir e-t.

játan, játtan,f.(1) affirmation;(2) confession (j. synda).

játari, m. one who confesses. játning,f. confession (j.heilagrar trúar, j. synda).

ját-orð, n. consent (seinn í -orðum).

játsi,a.indecl. sayingyes;verðae-mes j., to promise one a thing.

játta (að, or -tta, -ttr), v. = játa. já-yrði,n. consent;leggjasitt-yrðitil, to give consent. jóð, n. baby (j. ól Edda).

jóð-ligr,a. thriving (ofababy); -sótt, f. painsofchildbirth; -ungr,a. very young.

jól,n.pl. Yule,agreatmidwinterfeast intheheathentime,afterwardsappliedto

Christmas.

jóla-aptann,m. Yule-eve,Christmaseve; -boð,n. Yulebanquet; -dagr,m. Yule-day,Christmas-day; -drykkja,f. Yule-drinking; -fasta,f. Advent; -friðr, m. Yule-peace,Christmas-peace; -gjöf,f. Yule-gift,christmasbox; -hald,n. keepingofYule; -kveld,n. Yule-eve; -morginn,m. Yulemorning; -nótt,f. Yulenight; -tíðir,f.pl. Christmasservice; -veizla,f. Yulebanquetorentertainment; -vist,f. stayingoverYule; -öl,n. Yule ale.

jóms-víkingar,m.pl. theVikingsof Jom (Wollin in Pomerania).

jón, m., a proper name, John. jóns-messa,f. St.JohnBaptist’sday, the24thofJune; -stúka,f. chapelofSt. John; -vaka, f. = -messa.

jór (gen. jós;pl. jóar,acc. jóa and jói, dat. jóm), m. poet. stallion, steed. jó-reið,f. ridingonhorseback; -reykr, m. cloudofdust (seenafaroffabovea body of horsemen).

jórsala-,gen.pl.from‘Jórsalir’; -borg,f. Jerusalem; -fari,m. Jerusalem traveller; -ferð, -för,f. journeytoJ.; -lýðr, m. the people of J. jórsalir, m. pl. Jerusalem. jótar, m. pl. the Jutes. jót-land, n. Jutland. jung-frú,f. princess,lady; -herra,m. ‘young lord’, prince. jurt (pl. -ir), f. aromatic herb. justa, f. bowl, cup. jöðurr, m. = jaðarr.

jöfurr (-s,pl. jöfrar),m.poet. king, prince, chief (af Svía jöfri).

jöklaðr,a. coveredwithicicles (yfir jökluðu skeggi).

jökla-gangr,m. ice-drift (inariver);

-vatu, icy water.

jökul-barinn,pp. storm-beaten,stiffened with ice; -kaldr, a. ice-cold. jökull (gen. -s,dat. jókli;pl. jöklar),m.(1) icicle (hanngekkinnísal, glumdujöklar);(2) ice (vatnitsnýstí jökul); (3) glacier. jökul-vatn,n. ice-waterfromaglacier; -vetr, m. severe winter.

jöll, n. poet. disturbance, strife (?).

jörð (gen. jarðar,dat. jörðu;pl. jarðir),f.(1) earth,opp.to‘himinn’ (hvártbýrguðáhimnieðajörðu?);(2) the

surfaceoftheearth,ground (féllhannþá dauðrtiljarðar);(3) mould;(4) land,estate.

jörfi, m. gravel, gravel bank. jörmun-,aprefix,denotingsomething huge, vastsuperhuman; -gandr,m. the greatmonster,theMidgardSerpent; -grund, f. the earth. jöstr (gen. jastar), m. yeast. jötun-heimar,m.pl. theGiants’land; -móðr, m. giant’s wrath, fury. jötunn (gen. -s,dat. jötni;pl. jötnar),m. giant;jötnasynir, sonsofgiants.

Kkaðall (gen. -s,dat. kaðli;pl. kaðlar), m. cable, rope. kaf,n. aplungeintowater,dive,diving; færhannannatk.atöðru, hegetsone plungeafteranother;takak., todiveunder water;ák.,ík., intowater,underwater; hlaupaák., toplungeintowater;faraík., togounderwater;ákafi,íkafi, underwater,diving;ofsnow,láguhestarnirákafi ísnjónum, thehorsesstuckdeepinthe snow;standaákafi tosinkdeep (øxinstóð á kafi).

kafa (að),v. todive,swim,underwater; ofaship, tobeswampedinaheavysea (síðan kafaði skipit).

kafa-fjúk,n. thickfallofsnow; -hríð, f. thick snow-storm.

kaf-fœra (-ða, -ðr),v. tothrustunder water,toduck (=fœrae-níkaf); -för, f. goingunderwater,ducking; -hlaðinn, pp. deep-laden; -hlaup,n. deepsnow; -hleypr,a. sinkingdeepinthesnow (var svá mikill snjór, at allt var -hleypt).

kafinn, pp. from ‘kefja’, fig. absorbed. kafli,m. apiececutoff;tokatleysa ísinníköflum, theicebegantobreakup into floes. kafna (að),v. tobesuffocated,choked, inwater,smoke,etc.(k.ísandfoki,ístofureyk).

kafnan, f. suffocation. kaf-sund,f. swimmingunderwater; -syndr,a. goodatswimmingunderwater;

-þykkr,a. verythick (offog,snowstorm, etc.).

kaga (að),v. tobendforwardandpeep, pry (hón kagar hjá gáttinni).

kaggi, m. keg, cask, a nickname.

kala (kell, kól, kalinn),v.impers., mikkell, Ifreeze,becomefrost-bitten (kalinná fótum);e-nkellíhel, onefreezes to death.

kalda (að),v. tobecomecold;impers. toblowcold;kaldarafboðafallinu, agust of cold wind came from the breakers. kalda-hlátr, m. sardonic laughter. kald-liga, adv. coldly; -ligr, a. cold. kaldr,a.(1) cold;kaltveðr, coldweather;brenna(e-t)atköldumkolum, toburn tocold ashes;konungigørðikalt, theking begantogetcold;(2) baneful,hostile,cruel (köld eru kvenna ráð).

kald-ráðr,a. evil-minded,ill-affected; -rifjaðr,a. ‘cold-ribbed’,cold-hearted, cunning; -yrði,n.pl. ‘coldwords’,sarcasm.

kalekr (-s, -ar), m. cup, chalice. kalkr (-s, -ar),m. drinking-cup,goblet (k. er þú skalt drekka af).

kall,n.(1) call,cry,shouting (heyrak. mikit);(2) appellation,name (þeirnefna hannjarlennilla,varþettak.haftlengi síðan).

kalla (að),v.(1) tocall,shout,cry (kallaðikonungrokbaðléttaaf);(2) to call,summonbyacall,sendfor (um kvelditkallaðikonungrÁslák);(3) tosay (sumirmennkalla,ateigisésakleysií); atkalla, sotosay,nominally;sáttiratk., nominallyreconciled;(4)k.sére-t, to claimforoneself (konungrkallaðisérallar Orkneyjar);(5) tocall,name (Mörðrhét maðr,erkallaðrvargígja);(6)refl., kallast, tosayofoneself;konungr

kallari K kapp-kosta

kallaðisthannreynthafaatgóðum dreng, thekingsaidthathehadfoundhim agoodandbravefellow;(7)withpreps., k.ate-m, tocalltoone;k.áe-n, tocall toone (Flosigekkþáatdurumokkallaði áNjál); tocallon,invoke (kallaðihanná guðokhinnhelgaOlaf);k.áe-t, tolay claimto (Snækollrkallaðiábúnökkurþar íeyjunum);k.eptir, toprotest;k.e-neptire-m, tocallornameafter;k.tile-s, tocallto,invoke (k.tilguðs); tolayclaim to,toclaim,demand (Snorrikallaðiþátil brynjusinnar);k.tile-sviðe-n,íhendr e-m, to claim a thing from one. kallari, m. crier, herald. kalls,n.(1) taunting,raillery;gørae-m k.,hafaíkallsiviðe-n, totauntone;(2) importunate claim.

kallsa (að),v.(1) totaunt,mock;(2) to molest, annoy, importune. kalls-lauss,a. unmolested; -yrði,n. pl. gibes, taunts. kamarr (-s, pl. kamrar), m. privy. kambari, m. comb-maker. kambr (-s, -ar),m.(1) comb;(2) carding-comb;(3) crest,comb;(4) ridge (of hills).

kampr (-s, -ar),m.(1) beardonthelips, moustache;(2) thewhiskers (ofaseal);(3) front wall. Also ‘kanpr’.

kangin-yrði, n. pl. jeering- words. kanna (gen. könnu), f. can, tankard. kanna (að),v.(1) tosearch,explore (þeirkönnuðulanditfyriraustanána); k.lið, toreview,mustertroops;k.val, to searchthefieldforslain;k.e-taf, tofind out,makeout (ferrBrandrbiskupnorðrá Völluokkannarþataf,at);k.til=k.af (kannaðistsvátil,at);(2)refl.,kannast viðe-t, torecognize,knowagain (kannaðisthónviðhannokkynferðihans); to

makeone’sacquaintance (Þórólfrhittiþar margafrændrsinaþá,erhannhafðieigiáðrviðkannazt); toacknowledge (könnuðustþeirvið,atþatvarsannmæli); to recognizeasone’sown (meðþvíatengi kannastviðsveinþenna);recipr., torecognizeoneanother (síðankönnuðustþau við).

kanóki, m. canon (of a church).

kantara-kápa,f., -sloppr,m. a priest’s or bishop’s gown. kapal-hestr, m., -hross, n. = kapall. kapall (-s,pl. kaplar),m. pack-horse, hack (naut ok kaplar).

kapella, f. chapel (k. konungs).

kapellu-prestr, m. priest of a chapel. kapituli,m.(1) chapter;(2) meetingroom in a cloister or convent. kapp,n. contest,zeal,eagerness,ardour; deilakappiviðe-n,brjótakapp(haldatil kapps)viðe-n, tocontend,contest,with one;meðkappi, withardour;meirraf kappienforsjá, withmoreobstinacythan prudence;berjastafmiklukappi, with greatardour;rennaíköppviðe-n, torun a race with. kappa-,gen.pl.from‘kappi’; -lið,n. troopofchampions; -tala,f. rollofchampions (takae-níkappatölu); -val,n. choice of chamnpions. kapp-drykkja,f. drinking-match; -drœgt,a.n. stronglycontested;varð þeim-drœgtíleiknum, itwasahardcontest;kvaðþeimþettamundu-drœgt, it wouldbeahardtask; -fúss,a.=-gjarn; -girni,f. eagerness,energy; -gjarn,a. full of energy and desire to excel. kappi,m. hero,champion,manofvalour (k. mikill, kappar konungs).

kapp-kosta (að),v. tostrive,endeavour; -leikr,m. fighting-match; -mæli,n.

pl. dispute; -nógr,a. plentiful; -orðr, a. contentious,wrangling; -róðr,m. rowing-match; -samliga,adv.(1) impetuously,withenergy;(2) abundantly,plentifully; -samligaalinn, verywellfed; -samligr, a.(1) vehement;(2) rich,liberal (-samlig veizla); -samr,a. vehement,impetuous; -semd, -semi,f. energy,headstrongcharacter.

kapps-fullr,a. contentious,eagerto excel, vehement (harðr ok k.). kapp-sigling, f. sailing-match. kapps-maðr, m. man of energy. kapp-sund,n. swimming-match; -svinnr,a. vehement,passionate; -yrði,n.pl. overbearinglanguage; -œrinn,a. fully sufficient, abundant. karar-,gen.from‘kör’; -kerling, -kona,f., -maðr,m. bedriddenold woman, man. karbunkuli-steinn, m. carbuncle. kardináli, m. cardinal. karfa-fótr, m. an unsteady leg. karfi, m. swift-going ship, galley. karfi, m. red-fish, red sea-perch. karína,f. afastoffortydays (imposed as a penance).

karl (-s, -ar),m.(1) man,opp.to woman(brigðrerkarlahugrkonum);(2) amanofthecommonpeople,acarle;(3) old man. karla-fólk,n. malefolk; -föt,n.pl. men’s attire; -sæti, n. seat for men. karl-dyrr,f.pl. themen’sdoor; -fátt, a.n. wantinginmen-folk (þarvar-fátt heima); -fjöldi,m. multitudeofmale persons; -föt,n.pl. men’sattire; -gildr, a. asgoodasaman (varhónok-gild atafli); -höfði,m. acarvedman’shead, figure-head; -kenndr,pp. masculine; -klæði,n.pl. men ’sclothes; -kostr,m.

a(good)match,ofaman; -kyn,n. the malesex; -leggr,m. malelineage,agnates; -maðr,m.(1) man,male,opp.to ‘kvennmaðr’ woman (-maðrokkona);(2) manofvalour (styrkrokfálátrokinn hraustasti -maðr).

karlmann-liga,adv. inamanlyway; -ligr,a.(1) manly,bold;(2) masculine (ligt kyn).

karlmanns-búnaðr,m., -klæði,n. pl., man’s attire. karl-mennska, f. manhood, valour. karls-efni,n. ‘themakingsofaman’, apromisinglad (asanickname); -höfuð, n. a man’s head (carved on a pillar). karl-sift,adv. onthemaleside; -svipt,f. relationshipbydescentonthe male side; -sviptr, a. male. karmr (-s, -ar),m. breast-work,parapet (kastalar ok karmar).

karnaðr (gen. -ar), m. concubinage. karp,n. bragging,boasting; -málugr, a. bragging,boastful; -yrði,n.pl. overbearing words.

karsk-liga, adv. briskly, boldly. karskr, a. brisk, bold; hale, hearty. kart-nagl, m. diseased nail. kartr (-s, -ar), m. cart. kasa (að),v. toheapearthupon,tobury (hann var kasaðr í urð).

kass, m. large box, case, creel. kast,n.(1) cast,throwofanet;(2) throw ofdice;komaík.viðe-n, tocomeincollisionwithone;kemrtilvárrakastaat, itis our turn to; (3) a kind of cloak. kasta (að),v.(1) tocast,throw,with dat.(Egillkastaðiþegarniðrhorninu); k.akkerum, tocastanchor;k.verplum, teningum, tothrowwithdice;k.orðumá e-n, toaddressone;refl.,kastastorðumá, toexchangewords;k.kalls-yrðumate-m,

kastala-menn K kaup-varningr

tothrowtauntsatone;k.eignsinniáe-t, toseizeupon,takepossessionof;k.ásik sótt, tofeignillness;(2) tocastoff (erH. heyrðiþetta,kastaðihannskikkjunni);k. trú, tocastoffone’sfaith;(3)impers.,e-u kastar, isthrown,flung;tókuþeirgneista þá,erkastathafðiórMúspellsheimi, they tookthesparksthathadbeencastoutfrom M.;skipinuhafðikastat, hadcapsized; hennivarkastatskinniatbeini, theskin was,asitwere,thrownoverherbones (fromleanness);(4)with‘um’;k.um hesti, toturn,wheel,ahorserightround; k.umsínumhug, toalterone’s(own)disposition;absol. toturnround,wheelabout. kastala-menn,m.pl. defendersofa castle; -stafr,m. castlepillar; -veggr, m. castle wall. kastali, m. castle, stronghold. katlari,katla-smiðr,m. kettlemaker. katt-skinn, n. cat’s skirt. kaup,n.(1) bargain;illt(gott)k., bad (good)bargain;slákaupiviðe-n, tostrike abargainwithone;eigak.viðe-n, tobargain,tradewithone;verðaatkaupi, to cometoabargain;(2) stipulation,agreement (þátalaþeirumk.,okverðaáallt sáttir);(3) wages,pay (konungrgafhonummikitk.);veraafkaupi, tobeofone’s bargain, to have forfeited it. kaupa (kaupi,keypta,kayptr),v.(1) tobuy (keyptiNjálllandíOssabœ);absol. tomakeabargain;k.kaupi, tobargain;(2) tomakeanagreementabout (þeir keyptuþessu);(3)withpreps.,k.e-ná braut, tobuyoneof;k.e-tate-m, tobuya thingofone;k.saman, tobargain;k.um e-t, tobarter,exchange (keyptihannum löndviðGuðrúnu);k.viðe-n, tomakea bargain,cometotermswithone;recipr.,

kaupast við, to bargain with one another. kaupa-kostir,m.pl. termsofabargain; -land,n. purchasedland; -mang, n. barter,bartering; -mark,a. purchased (cattle) mark, opp. to one inherited.

kaupangr (-rs and -s),m. marketplace (í kaupangi sem í heraði). kaupangrs-lýðr, m. towns-folk. kaup-brigði,n. breachofcontract; -bœr,m.=kaupangr; -drengr,m.= -maðr; -dýrr,a. demandingahighprice, expensive; -eyrir,m. articleoftrade, wares,cargo; -ferð,f. tradingjourneyor voyage; -fox,n. cheating; -friðr,m. securityfortrade; -för,f.=-ferð,esp.inpl. (hafaskipí-förum,fara-förum); -gegn, a. goodattrading; -gjald,n. wages,pay; -hús,n. shop; -lag,n.tax, price; -laust,a.n.(1) withoutcharge,gratuitously;(2) withoutbargainorprofit; -ligr,a. mercantile;mérverðr-ligt, I cometoabargain; -maðr,m. trader,merchant; -manga (að),v. tobargain (-manga við e-n).

kaupmanna-gørfi,n. merchant’sattire; -lög,n.pl. leagueofmerchants (vera í -lögum = vera kaupmaðr).

kaupmann-liga,adv. inamerchantlike manner; -ligr, a. merchant-like. kaup-máli,m. bargain,contract; -rof, n. breachofbargain; -sáttr,a. agreedas toabargain; -skapr,m. storesofmerchandise,wares; -skip,n. merchantship; -slaga (að),v. tobargain; -staðr,m. markettown; -stefna,f. fair,market; -sveinn,m.=-drengr; -tún,n. market town.

kaupu-nautr, m. customer. kaup-varningr,m. merchantwares; -váttr,m., -vitni,n. witnesstoabargain; -þorp, n. = -tún.

ká (kái,káða,káðr),v. toharass;refl., kást í e-u, to meddle in a thing. káklast (að),v.refl. toreceiveabeating, meet with blows.

kál, n. cabbage, kale.

kálfi, m. the calf of the leg.

kálfr (-s, -ar),m. calf;fig. smallisland (beside a large one).

kálfs-belgr, m. calf’s skin. kálf-skinn, n. calf-skin. kápa,f. cloakmadewithacowlorhood (hann var í blárri kápu).

kápu-ermr,f. thesleeveofa kápa; -hattr, -höttr,m. thehoodofa kápa; -skaut, n. the lap of a kápa.

kár-höfðaðr, a. curled. kárína, f., see ‘karína’.

kárr, m. curl in the hair. kát-liga,adv. inamerrymanner; -ligr, a. merry, cheerful (-lig orð).

kátr, a. merry, cheerful. ká-vísi,f. meddlesomeness; -vísligr, a., -víss, a. quarrelsome, meddlesome.

kefja (kef,kafða,kafðr),v. todip, putunderwater;impers. tobeswamped, sink,ofaship(skipitkafðiundirþeim); refl., kefjast, to dip oneself, duck, dive.

kefla (-da, -dr), v. to gag (a lamb).

kefli, n. cylinder (of wood), stick. kefling, f. gagging (of lambs).

kefli-völr, m. cane, stick, = kefli.

keikja (-ta, -tr),v. tobendbackwards (E. keikti hann aptr á bak).

keikr,a. bentbackwards (bjúgrílendum en keikr í hálsi).

keila,f. asea-fishalliedtothecod;torsk or tusk.

keipr (-s, -ar), m. rowlock. keipull, m. a kind of boat, coble. keisa (-ta, -tr), v. to bend.

keisara-dómr,m., -dœmi,n. empire;

-höll,f. imperialcastle; -ligr,a. imperial; -ríki,n.=-dœmi; -stóll,m. imperial throne.

keisari, m. emperor. kektunar-maðr, = klektunar-maðr. kelda,f.(1) well,spring;(2) bog,quagmire (lá hestr hans í keldu).

kelfa (-di, -t), v. to calve. kelpa, f. trap (for otters).

kelta, f. = kjalta.

kemba (-da, -dr),v.(1) tocomb (k.hár sitt); (2) to card (k. ull).

kempa,f. champion,boldwarrior (bardagamaðr mikill ok kempa).

kengr,m.(1) ahorseshoe-formedcrook; (2) bend,bight;köttrinnbeygðikenginn, arched its back. kenna (-da, -dr),v.(1) toknow,recognize (FlosikenndiKára,erhannkomí stofuna);(2) toknowasone’sown,claim (k.sérland);(3) toassignorattribute to one(þávarokárumölllönd,kenndu SvíarþatFrey);k.e-mbarn, tofathera childuponone;(4)k.e-me-t, tolayto one ’scharge,impute (efhannværisannrverksþessa,erhonumvarkennt);k. e-mume-t, tochargeonewithathing (Þorgeirrvildiekki,atbrœðrumhans mættiumk.);(5) totaste foodordrink (k.e-t or e-s);(6) tofeel,perceive,with acc.andgen.(ekkenndaþíneigi,erþú hvíldirábrjóstimér);k.sætanilm, to perceiveasweetsmell;k.hita(kulda)af e-u, tofeelheat(cold)from;k.aflsmunar, liðsmunar, tofeeltheodds;hónkenndií meiralagi, shefeltconsiderablepain;absol.,þáerþeirkómuuppíheiðina,kenndiatbrálit, thecolourwasfelttochange, itbegantodarken;mérkennirheiptar viðe-n, Ifeelhatredagainstone;k.niðr, totouchthebottom (enerskipinkenndu

niðr,þágekkjarláland);(7) toshow,bear witnessof (virðistmérákallþettameirr kennaranglætisenréttvísi);(8) tocall, name;k.e-tviðe-n, tocallafterone (HelgitrúðiáKrist,okkenndiþvíviðhann bústaðsinn);(9)inpoetry, tocall bya periphrasticname(hvernigskalk.sól, vind);(10)k.e-me-t, toteachoneathing (k.e-mréttatrúokgóðasiðu);ekhefi kenntþérírskuatmæla, Ihavetaught theetospeakIrish;(11) tomakeonedo athing (k.e-mbíta);(12)refl.,kennast, toseem,appear (Ulfrkennistmérvitr maðr);recipr.,svávarmyrkt,atþeirkenndusteigi, thattheydidnotknowoneanother;golditvarhonumþettasvá,at hannmunlengikennast, hewasrepaid forthisinawaythathewilllongremember;kennastvið, torecognize (kenndist hannafþvíþegarviðmennina); toconfess,acknowledge (atþeirmættiviðkennast sinn lítilleik).

kennandi (pl. -endr),m.(1) recognizer; (2) teacher, preacher. kennan-ligr, a. perceptible. kennari, m. teacher, master. kenni, n. mark (cf. ‘einkenni’).

kenni-faðir,m.=lærifaðir; -maðr, m. teacher, cleric, priest. kennimann-ligr,a. havingtheairofa priest, clerical. kennimanns-skapr, m. priesthood. kenni-mark, n. mark (= kenni).

kenning (pl. -ar),f.(1) teaching,doctrine,lesson,esp.ofpreaching;kennakenningar, topreach;(2) markofrecognition; (3) apoeticalpenphrasisordescriptive name.

kenningar-nafn,n. surname; -orð, n.pl. wordsofadmonition; -sonr,m. alleged son.

kenni-speki, f. power of recognition. kennsl,n.pl.(1) recognition;berak.á e-n, toknow,recognizeone;(2) acharge madeonevidence;hafak.áe-m,berak.á hendr e-m, to charge one with a thing. kennsla,f.(1) teaching,instruction;(2) = kennsl (1).

kenpa, f. champion (= kempa).

keppa (-ta, -t),v. tocontend,strive hard;k.ume-t, tocontendfororabouta thing;k.viðe-n, tocontendwithone;refl.,keppast, toexertoneself;k.viðe-n, tocontendwithoragainstone;k.tile-s or um e-t, to strive after, contend for a thing. keppi-liga, adv. impetuously. keppr, m. cudgel, club. ker, n. tub, vessel, goblet. kerald, n. tub. ker-bað, n. = ker-laug.

kerfi,n. bunch,bundle (mörgspjót,er bundin vóru í k.).

ker-laug, f. bathing in a tub. kerling (pl. -ar),f.(1) woman,wife; (2) old woman.

kerlinga-villa,f. oldwoman’stale, nonsense (þat er nú kölluð -villa).

kerra, f. car, chariot (k. sólarinnar).

kerski, f. cheerfulness, fun (= keski).

kerski-mál,n. jest; -máll,a. facetious; -orð,n.pl. jokes; -orðr,a.= -máll; -yrði, a. pl. = -orð.

kerta-hjálmr,m. chandelier; -klofi, m. snufers; -stika, f. candlestick. kerti, n. wax candle, taper. kerti-rak,n. candle-wick; -stika,f.= kertastika; -sveinn,m. link-boy (attendant on a great man).

kesja, f. a kind of halberd. kesju-lag, n. a thrust with a halberd. keski, f. = kerski; -fimr, a. witty. ketil-hadda,f. kettle-handle; -hrím,

n. kettle-grime, soot.

ketill (dat. katli,pl. katlar),m. kettle,pot,cauldron (íeldahúsinuvareldr mikill ok katlar yfir).

ketil-tak,n. takingahotstoneoutofa boiling kettle (as an ordeal).

ketlingr (-s, -ar), m. kitten. ketta, f. she-cat; giantess. keypi-liga,adv. afterthemannerofa bargain.

keyr, n. choice, = kør. keyra (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) towhip,lash, prickon (hannkeyrðiþáhestsinn);k. hestsporum, toputspurstoahorse;(2) toride (keyrirsíðansemharðasttilsinna manna);(3) tofling (S.bregðrhonumá loftokkeyrirhannútáRangá);k.e-n útbyrðis, toflingoverboard;(4) todrive, thrust (k.nagla,k.sverðíhöfuðe-m); Jórunntóksokkanaokkeyrðiumhöfuð henni, J.struckherabouttheheadwiththe stockings;(5)impers.,e-nkeyrir, oneis driven,tossed,bythewind,waves(fundu þeireigifyrrenþákeyrðiálandupp);e-t keyrir ór hófi, it exceeds all measure.

keyri, n. whip. keyris-högg, n. lash. keyta, f. foul water.

kið (gen. pl. kiða or kiðja), n. kid. kiðja-mjólk, f. kid’s milk.

kiðlingr (-s, -ar), m. young kid. kið-skinn, n. kid-skin. kikna (að),v. tobendbackwardstosink at the knees (kikna í knésbótum).

kilpr, m. handle (of a vessel).

kilting,f. skirt,lap (hannhafðiInga konung í kilting sér).

kimbla (að), v. to truss up. kind (pl. kindirandkindr),f.(1) kind,race;fyrða(gumna,seggja,skatna, ýta)k., thesonsofmen,mankind;(2) crea-

ture,being;lifðiengikvikk.eptir, nolivingcreaturelivedafter;sterkariennökkur k.önnur, strongerthananyothercreature; helgar kindir, holy beings. kinga, f. brooch (k. var á bringu).

kinn (pl. kinnr), f. cheek. kinnar-bein,n.=kinnbein; -kjálki, m. the upper jaw-bone. kinn-bein,n. cheek-bone; -björg,f. cheek-piece ofahelmet; -filla,f. ‘cheekflesh’; -hestr,m. boxontheear; -höggva (see höggva),v. toheworhackthe cheek; -leðr,n. leathercheek-pieceofa bridle; -roði,m. blushofshame; -skjóttr,a. withpiebaldcheeks (ofahorse); -skógr,m. beard; -skærr,a. whitecheeked.

kinnungr (-s, -ar), m. bow of a ship. kinn-vangi, m. cheek. kippa (-ta, -t),v. topull,snatch,draw quickly (Egillkiptiatsérsverð-inu);hann kippirmönnumatsér, hegetsmentogether;k.ofanseglinu, topullthesaildown; impers.,e-mkippiríkyn(ume-t), one resembleshiskinsmen(insomething);refl.,kippastume-t, tostrugglewithone anotheraboutathing;k.við, tomakea suddenmotion (kippisthannsváhartvið, at jörð öll skelfr).

kippa, f. bundle, string (of). kippr, m. pull, jerk, shock. kirkja (gen. pl. kirkna), f. church. kirkju-bann,n. banofthechurch; -ból,n. churchestate; -búnaðr,m. churchhangings; -bœr,m.=-ból; -dagr, m. church-day,anniversary; -dróttinn, m. churchpatron; -eign,f., -fé,n. church property; -friðr,m. church-peace,sanctuary; -ganga,f. church-going; -garðr, m. churchyard; -gengt,a.n.,eiga -gengt, tobe allowed togotochurch;

-grið,n.pl.=-friðr; -græfr,a. whocan beburiedatachurch; -gørð,f. churchbuilding; -helgr,f. churchservice; -land,n. church-land,glebe; -lög,n.pl. ecclesiasticallaw; -máldagi,m. church deed; -messa,f.=-dagr; -rán,n. sacrilege; -réttr,m. church-right; -skot, n. wingofachurch; -skraut, -skrúð, n. churchornament; -sókn,f.(1) churchworship,attendanceatservice;(2) parish; -stétt,f. churchpavement; -stóll,m. churchpew; -tíund,f. churchtithe; -tjöld,n.pl. churchhangings; -viðr,m. churchtimber; -vist,f. attendanceat church; -vígsla,f. consecrationofa church; -vörðr, m. churchwarden. kirna, f. churn.

kirnu-askr, m. churn-pail. kista (gen.pl. kistna),f.(1) chest;(2) coffin (= lík-kista).

kistill (-s,pl. kistlar),m. little chest, small box. kistu-hringr,m. ringinachest; -lykill,m. keyofachest; -lok,n. cover of a chest.

kitla (að), v. to tickle. kífa (að), v. to quarrel. kífinn, a. quarrelsome. kíll, m. narrow inlet, canal.

kjallari, m. cellar.

kjalta (gen. kjöltu), f. lap. kjal-vegr,m. awayleadingacrossa ridge of mountains (local name).

kjappi, m. pet name of a he-goat. kjapta (að), v. to chatter, gabble. kjaptr (-s, -ar), m. = kjöptr.

kjark-leysi, n. lack of vigour.

kjarkr, m. vigour, pith, energy.

kjarni, m. kernel, esp. of berries. kjarr (pl. kjörr),n. copsewood,brushwood, thicket.

kjarr-mýrr,f. marsh-groundwith brushwood; -skógr, m. copsewood. kjá (kjái, kjáða, kjáð),v.;hverrþeirrakjárnefinuatöðrum, theyputtheir heads together.

kjálki,m.(1) jaw-bone;(2) hand-sledge (draga kjálka).

kjóll (-s, -ar), m. poet. ship. kjósa (kýs; kaus, køri and keyri; kusum and kurum; kosinn, kørinn), v.(1) tochoose,select (valkyrjurríðajafnanatk.val);(2) todesire,wish (þákýs eklaustkaupvárt);k.heldr, tochoose rather,prefer;(3) toelect (k.biskup);(4) withpreps.,k.e-naffleirum, toselect, choosefromanumber;k.af, tochoose (kuruþeirþáafatgangatilhandakonungi); margirkjósaekkiorðásik, manyarenot sowellspokenofastheymaywishtobe; k.e-ntile-s, toselectoneforathing (k. e-ntilfylgdarviðsik,tilbiskups);k.um e-t, tochoosebetween (kjósþúnúumtvá kosti).

kjúklingr (-s, -ar), m. chicken, chick. kjölr (gen.kjalar,dat. kili;pl. kilir, acc. kjölu),m.(1) keel (brotnaðikjölrinnundirskipinu);siglalausumkili, to sailwithanemptyship;komae-mákjöl, togetoneuponthekeel (whentheboatis capsized);niðrkili, downinthehold;(2) keel-shapedrangeofmountains (austrum Kjöl); (3) back of a book. kjöl-sýja,f. oneofthetwoboardsnearest to the keel. kjöl-vegr, m. = kjal-vegr. kjöptr,m.(1) jaw (erhinnefrik.við himni,enhinnneðriviðjörðu);(2) gaping jaws. kjör,n. choice,decision;ganga(falla) k., to go as one wishes. kjör-gripr,m. achoiceorcostlything;

-ligr, a. fit to be chosen. kjörr,m. thicket kjarr(þeirskilduí kjörr einum).

kjör-vápn,n. achoiceweapon; -viðr, m. choicetimber; -vísligr,a. acceptable, = kjörligr.

kjöt (dat. kjöti and kjötvi),n. meat, flesh; in pl. stores of meat.

kjöt-át,n., -áta,f. meat-eating; -biti, m. pieceofmeat; -ligr,a.(1) pertaining toflesh;(2) carnal,fleshly;(3) relatedby blood;kjötligtbarn, one ’sownchild; kjötligrbróðir, brothergermane; -lær,n. jointofmeat; -stykki,n. pieceofmeat; -vaxinn,pp. fleshy; -ætr,a. eatable (of meat).

klafa-kerling,f., -stafr,m.akind of two-pronged stick. klafi,m.akindof fork (putonacow’s neck in the stall).

klak (pl. klök), n. chirping of birds. klaka (að),v. totwitter,chatter (of birds);refl.,klakastviðume-t, tohavea dispute about.

klaka-hestr,m., -hross,n. ahorse thatisleftunhousedinwinter; -högg,n. a toolforbreakingupfrozensoil,=þelhögg; -torf, n. frozen turf. klaki, m. hard-frozen ground. klakk-laust,adv. unhurt,unscathed (komast -laust af).

klakkr (-s, -ar),m. heavy,peaked clouds; cf. úviðris-klakkr. klakk-sárr,a. touchy,feelingsore;e-m verðr -sárt, one is hurt, injured. klambrar-,gen.from‘klömbr’; -veggr, m. a kind of wedge. kland, n. molestation. klanda (að), v. to molest. klanda-lauss,a. freefrommolestation; klandan, f., klandr, n. = kland.

klapp, n. pat, patting. klappa (að),v.(1) topat,strokegently (jarlinnklappaðihendisinniábakhonum);k.ume-t, topat;(2) toknock,rap (k.ádyrum,áhurð);(3) toshapebycuttingblows,hew,chisel (vóruklappaðirá steinvegginnkrossarþrír);(4) tohammer;muneknúk.umaptr, Iwillmakeit good (right) again. klauf (pl. -ir),f.(1) thecleft (between thetoes);(2) clovenfoot (göltrinnsvamm þartilafgenguklaufirnar);(3) beast, head of cattle.

klaufa-gangr, m. tramp of cattle. klausa, f. clause, passage. klaustr, n. cloister, convent. klaustra-fólk,n. conventfolk; -lifnaðr,m. conventlife; -menn,m.pl. convent people. klaustr-ganga,f. enteringaconvent; -garðr, m. convent wall. klá (klæ; kló, klógum; kleginn),v. toclaw,scratch,rub (hannbaðmikkláfót sinn).

kláði,m. itch (þegarbrákláðamiklum á hvarmana).

kláð-sjúkr, a. scabby. kláfr (-s, -ar),m.akindof box carried on horseback.

klám, n. obscene, filthy language. klám-högg,n. anopprobriousblow; -yrði, n. foul language. kláp-eygr, a. goggle-eyed, staring. klárr (-s, -ar), m. hack, cart-horse. klé (gen. kljá;pl. kljár),m. oneofthe stonestokeepthewarpstraightintheold upright loom. klefi, m. closet (cf. svefnklefi).

kleggi (gen. -ja), m. cleg, horse-fly. kleggi (gen. -ja), m. cock of hay. kleif (pl. -ar), f. cliff, rocky ascent.

kleima K klót

kleima (-da, -dr), v. to daub, dabble. kleiss, a. lisping (k. í máli).

klekja (klek, klakta, klaktr and klakinn), v. to hatch (= k. út).

klektunar-maðr,m. chicken-hearted man (hann er engi -maðr).

klenging (pl. -ar), f. vexatious action. klengi-sök, f. a vexatious suit.

klengjast (d),v. tointerfereorintrude oneself vexatiously.

kleppr, m. plummet, lump. klerka-fólk,n., -lýðr,m. theclergy; -siðir,m.pl. clericalcustoms; -söngr, m. church music.

klerk-dómr,m. learning; -liga,adv. likeaclerk,learnedly; -ligr,a. clerkly, scholar-like.

klerkr (-s, -ar),m.(1) cleric,clerk, scholar;(2) clergyman,esp.oftheminor orders.

klettr (-s, -ar), m. rock, crag. kliðr, m. din, murmur. klif, n. cliff, scaur, = kleif.

klifa (að),v. torepeat,harponthesame thing (also,k.áe-u);refl.,klifastviðe-n, to wrangle with one. klif-gata, f. way along a cliff.

klifra (að), klifrast, v. to climb. klingja (-da, -t), v. to ring, jingle.

klippa (-ta, -tr),v. toclip,cut;k. sauði, to shear sheep.

klífa (klíf; kleif, klifum; klifinn),v. toclimb (konungrkleifuppí einn bakka; k. bratta brekku).

klígja (-ða),v. tofeelnausea (hónklígir mjök).

klígja, f. nausea. klína (-da, -dr),v. tosmear;k.brauð, to butter bread. klíningr, m. buttered bread. kljá (kljái, kljáða, kljáðr),v. tofix

theweights (cf.‘klé’) toaloom;veraáendakljáðr, tohavedone;erekáendakljáðr at þola þat lengr, I can bear itno longer. kljár, m. = klé.

kljúfa (klýf; klauf, klufum; klofinn),v. tocleave,split (hannhjóþegarískjöldHrútsokklaufallanniðr); skammtuppklofinn, havingashortfork, short-legged.

klof,n. thespacebetweenthelegs,the fork. klofa-rúm,n. ship’scabinnearthe mast; -stef,n. ‘cleftburden’,aformof refrain in a ‘drápa’.

klofi,m.(1) cleft,rift (inahill); cleft stick;verðaíklofanum, tobecaughtina trap;(2) door-groove;lúkaupphurðu, or lúkaaptrhurð,árniðjanklofa, toopen,or shut,thedoorhalfway;hurðhniginámiðjanklofa, halfshut;rekaaptrhurðina(or lúkahurðinni)íklofa, toshutthedoor;(3) theforks tosupporttents onboardaship (höggva tjöldin or klofum); (4) snuffers. klofna (að), v. to be cloven, to split. klokka, f. = klukka.

kló (pl. klœr,dat. klóm),f.(1) claw, talon; (2) clew (of a sail).

klóa-gangr,m. scratching(fighting) with claws. klóast, v. refl. to fight with claws. kló-dýr,n. abeastwithclaws,beastof prey; -fugl, m. bird of prey. klókindi, n. pl. cunning, cleverness. klók-leiki,m.=klókindi; -liga,adv. cunningly; -ligr, a. cunning, crafty. klókr, a. arch, cunning, clever. klók-samligr,a.=-ligr; -skapr,m.= klókindi.

klór,n. scratching; klóra (að),v. to scratch (like a cat).

klót, n. knob of a sword hilt.

klubba, f. = klumba.

klukka (gen.pl. klukkna),f. bell; kvað við klukkan, the bell rang. klukkari, m. bell-ringer. klukkna-hljóð,n. pealofbells; -hús, n. bell-chamber, belfry. klukku-hljóð,n.=klukknahljóð; -strengr, m. bell-string. klumba, f. club, = klubba, kylfa. klungr (-rs, -rar), m. bramble. klungróttr, a. grown with bramble. klútr (-s, -ar), m. kerchief. klyf (pl. -jar),f. pack,truss (onapackhorse); -beri, m. pack-saddle. klyfbera-band, n. pack-saddle girth. klyfja (að),v. toloadwithpacks (k. hest, asna af e-u).

klyfja (klyf, klufða, klufiðr),v. to split, cleave.

klyfja-band,n. pack-girth; -burðr, m. carryingpacksonhorseback; -hestr, m., -hross, n. pack-horse. klýpa (-ta, -tr), v. to pinch, nip. klýping, f. pinching, nipping.

klæða (-dda, -ddr),v. toclothe;k.sik, todressoneself;refl.,klæðast, todress oneself,putonone’sclothes,inthemorning (síðan stóðu þeir upp ok klæddust).

klæða-,gen.pl.from‘klæði’; -búnaðr, -búningr,m. apparel; -kaup,n. exchangeofclothes; -skipti,n.pl. change ofclothes; -skurðr,m., -snið,n. cut, fashionofclothes; -ylr,m. warmthderived from clothes; -örk, f. clothes-chest.

klæð-fár,a. thinlyclad; -hœfr,a. fit for wear.

klæði,n.(1) cloth,stuff (enskk.með mörgumlitum);(2) garment (maðrí rauðuk.);(3)esp.inpl., clothes,apparel, dress (hvarfyrirberrþúrauðklæði?);fara ík., toputonclothes;faraaf or ór

klæðum, totakeoffone’sclothes;berak. (kastaklæðum)ávápn, tothrowclothes over the weapons (to stop a fight).

klæð-lauss,a. voidofclothes,naked; -leysi,n. nakedness; -margr,a. well provided with clothes.

klæðnaðr (gen. -ar),m. clothing,apparel (k. þóru ok gripir).

klæð-sekkr, m. clothes-bag. klæja (að),v. toitch;núklæjaosslófarnir, nowourpalmsitch;impers.,mér klæjar, I itch.

klæki, n. disgrace, cowardice. klæki-ligr, a. dastardly, cowardly. klækis-efni,n. meanproceeding; -högg, n. dastardly blow.

klæki-skapr, m. baseness, meanness. klækis-laust,adv. blamelessly; -maðr,m. dastard; -nafn,n. namefor cowardice; -orð,a.=-nafn; -verk,n. base work.

klækja (-ta, -tr), v. to put to shame. klækja-fullr, a. disgraceful, mean. klæma (-da, -dr), v. to put to shame. klök, a. pl., see ‘klak’.

kløkkna (að),v. tobecomesoft,soften (þat vöknar ok kløkknar).

kløkkr (acc. -van),a. pliable,soft, yielding; easily affected. kløkkva (kløkk; klökk, klukku; —), v. to be moved to tears; to sob. kløkkva (-ta, -tr), v. to soften. kløkkving, f. emotion. klömbr (gen. klambrar),f. smith’s vice, fig. a tight place. klöpp (gen. klappar,pl. klappir),f. stepping-stone. knakkr (-s, -ar), m. a kind of stool. knapi, in. valet, varlet. knappaðr,pp. furnishedwithstudsor buttons (k. kyrtill).

knapp-járn K knylla

knapp-járn,n. ironstaffwithaknobat one end. knappr (-s, -ar),m.(1) knob (staf íhendiokknappá);ríðaknappá, tofurnishathingwithaknob;(2)stud, button (með knappi ok nezlu).

knarrar-bátr,m. ship’sboat (see ‘knörr’); -skip,n.=knörr; -smiðr,m. shipwright. knatt-drepa,f., -gildra,f.=-tré; -högg,n. ablowwithaball; -leikr,m. playing at ball; -tré, n. bat. kná (pl. knegum; knátta),adefectiveverb, Ican(could);knákateksegja, I cannot say (poet.). kná-leikr,m. prowess,hardihood; -liga,adv. hardily,doughtily (þeirsœkja -liga ferðina); -ligr, a. = knár. knár (kná, knátt),a. hardy,vigorous; having strength and energy. kné (gen.pl. knjá,dat. knjám or knjóm),m.(1) knee;sitjaáknée-m, tosit onaperson’sknee;ganga(koma,fara, hvarfa)fyrirk.e-m, toapproachoneasa suppliant;komae-mák., tobringoneto hisknees,overcome;látak.fylgjakviði, to plantthekneeonthebelly;sitjafyrirknjóme-rri, toattendawomaninchildbirth; (2) knee-timber in a ship. kné-beðr,m. kneecushion;fallaá-beð, tokneel; -beygjast (ð),v.refl. tobow theknees; -björg,f. knee-piece; -fall,n. kneeling. knefa (að),v. todetermine (erþarnú knefat um annat ráð).

kné-falla (see falla),v. tofallonthe knees; to kneel. kneiking (pl. -ar),f. closeembrace, hug (kossar ok kneikingar).

kneikja (-ta, -tr),v. tobendbackwards with force (k. e-n aptr á bak).

kné-liðr, m. knee-joint. kneppa (-ta, -tr),v.(1) topress,hug (k. e-n at sér); (2) to stud, button. kné-runnr,m. lineage,kinship;degree in descent.

knés-bót, f. the hollow of the knee. kné-setja (see setja),v. toplaceupon one’sknees,akindofadoption(hann -settiþannsveinokfóstraði); -setningr, m. foster-son. knés-fótr, m. ham hough (= -bót).

kné-sig,n. sinkingonone’sknees; -skel,f. knee-cap,knee-pan; -skot,n. humiliation;koma-skotiáe-n tobring one to his knees. kneyfa (-ða, -ðr),v. toquaff (Egill kneyfði af horninu í einum drykk).

knía (að),v. toconsider,debate (erþeir kníaðu þetta mál milli sín).

knía,v.poet.,onlyinthepret.‘kníði’, to knock, strike; kníðum unnir we rowed. knífr (-s, -ar), m. knife, dirk. knífs-blað,n. knife’sblade; -hepti,n. knife’shandle; -oddr,m. knife’spoint; -skepti, n. = -hepti.

knoða (að),v. toknead (k.samanmjöl ok smjör).

knoka (að), v. to knock, thump. knosa (að), v. to bruise, beat. knúi, m. knuckle (hvítnuðu knúarnir).

knúska (að), v. to knock, ill-treat. knúskan, f. knocking, ill-treatmeant. knúta, f. knuckle-bone, joint-bone. knútóttr, a. knotted. knútr (-s, -ar),m.(1) knot;leysaknút, toundoaknot;ríðaknút, totieaknot; knýtaknút, toknitaknot;(2) hump,protuberance. knykill (pl. knyklar),m. smallknot, protuberance. knylla (-ta, -tr),v. tobeat,strike

(þeirknylltuhannmeðkeyrinu).knypri, n. cowering;vefjasikík., tocrouchtogether.

knytja (að), v. to knit or tie together.

knýfill (pl. knýflar), m. short horn.

knýflóttr, a. short-horned.

knýja (kný,knýðaorknúða, knúinn),v.(1) toknock;hannknúði hurðina, heknockedatthedoor;(2) to press,driveonward (þeirknúðufastárar meðstórumbakföllum); topush,urgeon (hanngatvarlafylgthenni,sváknúði hónfastreiðina);(3)refl. tostruggleon, presson;þvíharðaraerÞórrknúðistat fanginu,þvífastarastóðhón, themore Thor exerted himself, the firmer she stood.

knýta (-tta, -ttr),v. toknit,fastenby aknot,bind,tie (honknýtirsamanhalanaánautunum);withdat.(skulumvér k.líndregliumfremrastafn);impers., knýttihrygginn(acc.), thebackknotted up, became crooked. knýti, n. bag, purse. knýtil-skauti,m. aclothorkerchief knotted up (and used as a purse).

knýti-skauti, m. = knýtilskauti. knýttr, pp. knotted, crippled. knörr (gen. knarrar,dat. knerri; pl. knerrir,acc. knörru),m. ship, esp. merchant-ship, opp. to ‘langskip’. knöttr (gen. knattar,dat. knetti; pl. knettir,acc. knöttu),m. ball; herða knúa at knetti, to play at ball. koddi, m. pillow.

kofarn, n., -rakki, m. lap-dog. kofi, m. convent cell; hut, shed. kofr, n. coffer (skrín ok k.).

kofir, m. hood or bonnet of fur. kofr-málugr,a. testy,snappish; -menni,n. asnappish,testyperson (menniskapi).

kogla (að), v. to goggle, look askance. kol, n. pl. coals, charcoal (svíða k.).

kola, f. a small, open lamp. kola-,gen.pl.from‘kol’; -karl, -maðr,m. charcoal-maker; -meiss,m. box for carrying coals.

kol-bitr,m. coal-eater (anidleperson sittingalwaysatthefireside); -blar,a. coal-black; -brenna,f. charcoal-making; -gröf,f. charcoalpit; -gørð,f.=-brenna.

kolla,f.(1) hind,cow;(2) woman (only in compds.).

kol-laupr, m. coal-box. koll-heið,n. brightskyoverhead; -hetta,f., -höttr,m.akindof round cap (þeir höfðu grár -hettur).

kollóttr,a.(1) withouthorns,polled (ærkollótt);(2) withshavencrown,hairless (k.okklæðlauss); havingthehaircut short. kollr (-s, -ar),m.(1) top,summit (á kollifjallsins);(2) head,pate (þeimvar sprottithárórkolli);(3) ashavencrown (hannrakarafþeimháritokgørðiþeim koll);(4)hrindae-uumkoll, tooverthrow.

koll-sveibb,m. boywithaflatcap; -varpa (að),v. tooverthrow; -verpa (see verpa), v. = -varpa.

kol-merktr,pp. jet-black (klæðimerkt); -reykr,m. smokefromburning charcoal; -svartr,a. coal-black; -viðr, m. wood for charcoal. koma (kem; kom or kvam, kómum or kvamúm; kominn),v.(1) tocome (litlu síðarrkómuFinnaraptrheim);(2) to come,arrive (bréfkómufráSkúlajarli); komsvá,at (itcametopass,that) Bárði varheititmeyjunni;(3)withdat.ofthe object, tomaketocome,totake,bring,car-

ry,&c.;hannskyldik.ÞóríGeirröðargarða, heshouldmakeTh.cometoG.; hannkomÞórhaddiheilumyfirána, he broughtTh.safeacrosstheriver;k.e-mí hel, toputonetodeath;k.e-mtilfalls, to makeonefall;k.e-mísættviðe-n, toreconcileonewithanother;k.sérvelhjáe-m, tobringoneselfintofavourwith,beagreeableto (þeirkómusérvelviðalla);k.e-u tilleiðar(tilvegar), toeffect,bringabout; k.orðumviðe-n, tospeakwithaperson (hanngørðisiksváreiðan,atekkimáttiorðumviðhannk.);(4)withpreps., k.e-uafsér, togetridof (alltmunek tilvinnaatk.afméryðvarrireiði);k. e-uaf, toabolish (þvíhafðieigiorðitaf komitmeðiöllu);k.ate-m, tocomeuponone (kómuþessirathonumfyrirSjólandimeðtveimskipum);k.athendi, to happen (mikillvandierkominnathendi);impers.,Gunnarrjátaðiþví,enþáer atkom,vildihanneigi, G.agreedtoit, butwhenitcametothepointhewouldnot; k.ate-u, tocomeat,regain,recover (k. athamri);k.sérate-u, tobringoneself to (Þ.komsérekkiatþví);k.áe-t, to comeon,hit (höggitkomálærit);k.e-u á, tobringabout,effect (máttuþeirøngum flutningumák.);k.kristni(dat.)áEngland, tochristianizeE.;k.fram, tocome forth,appear,emerge (sigldiE.suðrmeð landiokkomframíDanmörk); tobeproduced,broughtforward (númunpatfram k.semeksagða);k.e-ufram, tobring about,effect (k.framhefndum);k.fyrir e-t, tobeanequivalentfor (fyrirvígHjartarskyldik.vígKols);alltmunk.fyrir eitt, itwillallcometothesame;k.fyrir ekki, tocometonaught,beofnoavail;emþykkirfyrirvánkomit,at, onethinks itpastallhope,that;k.e-ufyrir, tode-

stroy (hannkomhverjumhestifyrir);k.í e-t, tocomeinto,enter;málkomaídóm, suitsarebroughtupforjudgement;k.niðr, tocomedown;hannreyndieptir,hvarG. væriniðrkominn, whathadbecomeofG.; komþarniðrtalhennar,athonsagði honum,hversu, theendofhertalkwas, thatshetoldhimhow-;k.hartniðr, to paydearlyforit (ekhafðaillatilgört,endakomekhartniðr);k.saman, tocome together,gather (ersamankomliðit); to agree;þatkomsaman(orásamt)með þeim, theyagreedonit;impers.,kom þeimvelsaman(ásamt), theyagreedwell; k.e-usaman, tobringabout,effect;k. samansættummeðe-m, toreconcile them;k.tile-s, tocometoapersonor place (jarlinnkommeðallanhersinntil Dyflinnar);k.tillríkis, tocometo,orsucceedto,thethrone;k.tile-s, tocause:þat kemrtilþess,at, thereasonis,that;to help,avail:komatillítils, tocometolittle,beofsmallavail (=k.fyrirlítit); to concern:þettamálkemrekkitilþín, this quarrelisnobusinessofthine;þatertil mínkemr, sofarasIamconcerned;to mean,signify (Þ.kvezkskilja,hvarorð hanskómutil); tobeofvalue:sverðþat, ertilkommörkgulls, thatwaswortha ‘mark’ofgold;mikitþykkirtile-sk., one ismuchthoughtof,isthoughttobeofgreat importance;k.til, tobeborn;k.e-mundan, tohelponetoescape;k.undire-n, to comeuntoone;efundirossskalk.kjörit, ifwearetochoose;k.e-mundir, toget onedown,overcomeone;k.upp, tocome up;tunglkemrupp, themoonrises;eldr komupp, firebrokeout;komþáuppaf taliþeirra,at, theendoftheirtalkwas, that;tocomeout,becomeknown (komþat þáupp,athannhafðibeðithennar);k.e-

uupp, toopen (kerlingtekrhörpunaok vildiuppk.);hannmáttilengieigiorði uppk., itwaslongbeforehecoulduttera word;k.viðe-t, totouch (komitvarvið hurðina);þeirkómuviðsker, theystruck onareef;hannkemrviðmargarsögur, he appearsinmanysagas;tobeaddedto (komaþærnætrviðhinarfyrri);k.við, tofit, beconvenient,suit;k.e-uvið, toemploy, makeuseof (ekmáttaeigiboganumvið k.);hannkomþvívið (hebroughtabout), atengiskyldifarameðvápn;urðuþeirat flýjasemþvíkómuvið, allfledthatcould; k.sérvið, tobringabout,effect,beable todo (ekmunveitaþérslíktliðsemek mámérviðk.); tobehave (hversuhann komsérviðíþessummálum);k.yfir, topassover (hvertkveld,eryfirkom); (5)refl.,komast, tocometotheend,get through,reach (hannkomstviðsvábúit íríkisitt);k.af, toescape,saveone’slife (tveirdrukknuðukómustaf);k.ate-u, togetatathing,procure;eigiskaltuilla atk., thoushaltnotgetitunfairly;k.á fœtr, togetonone’slegs;k.undan, toescape (altþatlið,erundankomst);k.út, togetout;k.við, tobeable (brennallt okbælsemþúmáttviðk.); tobetouched (hannkomstmjökviðokfellditár);k. viðveðri, togetabroad (hannlétþatekki viðveðrik.);k.yfire-t, toovercome,get hold of (er hann komst yfir féit). koma, f. arrival, = kváma. kominn,pp. come;k.afe-m, descended from;k.afsér, inadecliningstate,on thedecline (kristninvarmjöksváafsér komin);k.atandláti,dauða, breathing one’slast;vóruþeirmjökatkomnir, they weremuchexhausted;vel(illa)k., ingood (bad)estate;hannvarveltilnámsk., he wasinagoodplaceforlearning;mér

þykkirsonminnhvergibetrk., methinks mysonisnowherebetteroff,inbetter hands;k.ásikvel, inagoodstate,accomlished (k.ásikmannabezt);veraá leggk., tobegrownup;verasváaldrsk., tobeofsuchanage;hannsagðihenni, hvarþávarkomit, hetoldherhowmatters stood;verak.tile-s, tobeentitledto (þeir, ertileinskiserukomnir);réttk.tilkonungdóms, right heir to the kingdom. kompána-skapr, m. companionship. kompánn, m. = kumpánn. kompáss, m. ring, circle, compass. komu-maðr, m. new comer, guest. kona (gen.pl. kvenna),f.(1) woman (varhónkvennafríðust);(2) wife (ekem k. Njáls).

konar,gen.sing.fromanobsolete ‘konr’, kind;allsk., ofallkinds;hversk., ofeverykind;margsk., ofmanykinds; ýmissk., ofsundrykinds;samsk., ofthe same kind. konr (pl. -ir),m.poet.(1) son,descendant, kinsman; (2) man. konu-bú,n. woman’sestate; -efni,n. one’sfuturewife,bride; -fé,n. marriage portion; -hár,n. woman’shair; -klæði, n.pl. woman’sattire; -lauss,a. wifeless, widowed (verða-lauss); -mál,n. loveaffair (verða-sekrum-mál),=kvennamál; -nám, n. abduction of a woman. konunga (að),v. toaddressasaking,to call by the name of king. konunga-kyn,n. royalkin,royalty; -skipti,n. changeofkings,succession; -stefna,f. meetingofkings; -sætt,f. peacebetweenkings; -tal,n. seriesof kings; -ætt, f. = -kyn.

konung-borinn,pp., -borligr,a. of royalbirth; -djarfr,a. speakingboldly tokings; -dómr,m. kingdom; -lauss,a.

kingless,withoutaking; -ligr,a. kingly, royal; -maðr, m. royal person, king. konungr (-s, -ar), m. king. konung-ríki, n. kingdom.

konungs-atsetr,n. king’sresidence; -bréf,n. king’swrit,warrant; -bú,n. royalestate; -efni,n. futureking; -eigur, f.pl. royalproperty; -eyrendi,n. royal errand; -fundr,m. audiencegivenbya king; -garðr,m. king’spalace; -höfn, f. king’shaven; -kveðja,f. addresstoa king; -leyfi,n. king’sleave; -lykill,m. theking’skey=axe (whichopensall doorsandchests);munuþeirbera-lykil athúsinu, theywillbreakinbyforce; -lægi,n. king’sberth; -nafn,n. king’stitle; -nautr,m. king’sgift; -níðingr,m. traitortotheking; -ríki,n. kingdom; -setr,n. royalresidence; -skrúði,m. king’sapparel; -steði,m. theking’s stithy,themint; -sveit,f. king’sretinue; -sýsla,f. royaloffice,district; -sæti,n. king’sseat,residence; -tekja,f. election ofaking; -tign,f. royaldignity; -vígsla, f. coronation. konung-sæll,a. blessedwithgood kings (höfum vér verit -sælir).

kopar-kanna,f. coppercan; -kross, m. copper cross. koparr, m. copper. kopar-stika, f. copper candlestick. koppr (-s, -ar), m. cup, small vessel. kordúnu-hosur,f.pl. hoseofcordovan leather.

korn,n. corn,grain (þarvarhallæriá korni); oats (gefahestumk.);inpl. stores of grain (hann flutti með sér mikil korn).

korn-amstr,n. corn-stack; -ár,n. crop; -árit brast, the crop failed. korn-bretar,m.pl. theBritonsof Cornwall (Kornbreta-land).

korn-frjó,n. seed-corn; -hjálmr,m. corn-stack; -hlaða,f. barn; -kaup,n. purchaseofcorn; -kippa,f. basketfor seed-corn; -sala,f. saleofcorn; -skreppa, f. corn-bag. kornskurðar-maðr,m. shearer, reaper; -mánaðr, m. shearing month. korn-skurðr,m. shearing,reaping; -vist, f. stores of corn. korpr, m. raven, = hrafn. kos-eyrir, m. choice things. kosning, f., kosningr, m. election. koss (pl. kossar), m. kiss. koss-mildr, a. fond of kissing. kosta (að),v.(1) totry,withgen.;k. afls,magns, totry(putforth)one’s strength;k.mans, tofallinlove;B.þurfti allsatk., B.hadtoexertallhisstrength;k. kapps, tostrivehard;(2) toexertoneself, strive,withinfin.(íþví,erhannkostar uppatrísa);kostitsvákeppa,atGuðrún kløkkvi, doyourbesttodrawtearsfrom G.;(3) toinjure,hurt (bæðivarkostat holdhansokbein);impers.,þatfallvar svámikit,atkostaðilærlegghans, that histhigh-bonewashurt;(4)k.e-nmikit, lítit, tocostonemuch,little;impers., kostare-ne-t, itcostsonesoandsomuch, withthepriceingen.(kostarþikþat nökkurs),oracc.(einnriddarakostaráttamerkrgullssinnbúnað);(5) todefray theexpensesof (þatboðkostaðiUnnr); þúhefirkostatoss, thouhastentertained us.

kosta- gen.pl.from‘kostr’; -boð,n. favourablechoice; -lauss,a.=-vanr; -mikill,a. good,fine,valuable; -munr, m. differenceinquality (eigier-munr með ykkr).

kostan,f.(1) pains,effort (lagðik.ok stundáatfremjakristni);(2) temptation

(k. fjándans).

kosta-vandr,a. fastidious; -vanr,a. cheerless. kost-góðr,a. ofgoodquality; -gripr, m. costlything,choicething; -gæfa (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) topushonwithathing;-gæfa eptirförina, topressthepursuithard;(2) withinfin., tostrive,takepains (Þ.kostgæðisvámjökathjálpaföruneytisínu); -gæfð,f., -gæfi,n.andf. painstaking, care;meðöllu-gæfi, withalldiligence; -gæfliga,adv. withpains,diligently; -gæfligr,a., -gæfr,a. painstaking,diligent.

kostigr, a. of good quality, choice. kost-illr,a. ofmeanquality,poor; -lauss,a. ofnouse,bad; -ligr,a. desirable,advantageous; -móðr,a. heavywith food.

kostnaðar-mikill,-samr,a. very costly, expensive. kostnaðr (gen. -ar),m.(1) cost,expense; (2) maintenance, living. kostr (-ar,pl. -ir,acc. -i or -u),m. (1) choice,alternative (hannsáengansinn kostannan);munekengankostágøra, I willgivenochoiceinthematter;(2) choice, terms (hvernkostviliþérnúgøraIngjaldi);hugsathefiekkostinn, Ihavethought overtheterms;(3) choice,chance,opportunity;k.ere-s, thereisachance (þat erhverjummanniboðitatleitasérlífs, meðank.er);eigae-skost, tohavea choiceof (eigaslíkramannakost);eiga allskostiviðe-n, tohaveonealtogether inone’spower;(4) match (Sigríðrhétdóttirhansokþóttibezirk.áHálogalandi); hannspyrr,hverreigiaðráðafyrirkosti hennar, whowastogiveheraway;(5) state,condition;sjáfyrirsínumkosti, to takecareofoneself;síðanlétSímon

varðveitakosthennar, lookafterheraffairs;(6) cost,expense =kostnaðr(þat skiphöfðubœjarmennlátitgøraaf sínumkosti);(7) means,victuals,provisions (bauðhannOddiallakostimeð sér);(8) food (þatvarsiðratfœrakonum þeimkost,erásænghvíldu);(9) board (þábauðKetillféfyrirkosthennar);(10) stores,goods (tvauskiphlaðinvænum kosti);(11) goodquality,goodthings;segja kostoklöstáe-u, totellboththegood andthebadofathing;færþúfáttafmér fríðrakosta, thoushaltgetlittlegoodfrom me;(12) virtue,opp.to‘löstr’;(13)adverb.usages,þatertilkostar,ef, itiswell done,if;atþeimkosti, onthatcondition; atöðrumkosti, else,otherwise;atsíðasta, efstakosti, inthelastinstance,lastemergency;allskostar, quite,ineveryrespect; eigieinskostar, notvery,notpeculiarly;annarskostar, asfortherest;nökkurs kostar, inanywise;þesskostar, inthis case, thus.

kostu-ligr,a. costly,excellent (hann hélt eina -liga veizlu).

kost-vandr, a. fastidious. kot, n. cottage, small farm, hut. kot-bóndi,m. cotter; -bœr,m.=kot; -karl, m. cotter, cottager. kotkarls-son, m. churl’s son. kot-lífi,n. humblelife; -mannliga, adv. meanly, in a beggarly way. kotungr (-s, -ar), m. = kotkarl. kóf, n. thick vapour, steam. kóf-viðri, m. thick fall of snow. kólfr (-s, -ar),m.(1) clapper,tongueof abell;(2)akindof bolt;sváskjótt(snart) sem kólfi skjóti (skyti), swift as an arrow. kólf-skot, n. bolt-shot. kólga, f. poet. wave, billow. kólna (að),v. tobecomecold (veðrit

kólnan K krellr

kólnar);impers.,e-mkólnar, onegets cold (oss kólnar á knjánum).

kólnan,f. coolingdown,gettingcolder (þá er sólargangr í k.).

kóng-, see ‘konung-’.

kóngr (-s, -ar), m. = konungr.

kópa (-ta, -t), v. to stare, gape. kór-bók,f. choir-book,hymn-book; -dyrr,f.pl. choir-door; -kápa,f. choircope.

kóróna, f. crown, = krúna.

kóróna (að), v. to crown, = krúna.

kór-prestr, n. choir-priest.

kórr (gen. kórs), m. choir, chancel. kórs-bróðir, m. canon, = kanúkr. kór-smíð,f. buildingofachoir; -þili, n. panel of the choir. krabba-mark, -merki,n. thezodiacal sign Cancer. krabbi,m. acrab (k.gengröfugr löngum).

krafa, f. claim, demand. krafla (að),v. tomake(slight)pawing movements with the hands. krafsa (að),v. topaw,scrape,orscratch with the feet (uxinn krafsaði sem hross).

kraka (að),v.(1) tofurnishwithpales; (2) togripthebottom (tókuþáakkerinat k.);(3)k.e-tupp, tofetchupfromthebottom (krökuðuþeirhannuppokfluttutil lands).

kraki,m.(1) pale,stake;(2) thinpole; (3) a kind of drag or boat-hook. krak-ligr, a. slender, thin and weak. krammr, a. half thawed (k. snjór).

kranga (að), v. to creep along. krangr, a. weak, frail. krank-dómr,m., -dœmi,n. ailing,illness; -leikr, m. = -dómr.

krankr,a.(1) ill,silk;mérerkrankt, I am ill; (2) sore, distressing.

krap, n. half thawed snow, slush. krapa-drífa,f. showerofsleet; -för,f. drift of thawed ice (in a river).

krapi, m. = krap.

krappa-rúm,n. ‘strait-room’ (aplace before a ship’s ‘lypting’).

krappr,a.(1) strait,narrow (kröpp leið);komaíkrappanstað, togetinto straits; (2) sharp, crafty (kröpp Guðrún).

krapta-,gen.pl.from‘kraptr’; -lán, n. giftsofstrength(power); -lifnaðr,m., -lif,n. virtuouslife; -lítill,a. weak, wantingstrength; -maðr,m. strong(virtuous) man; -mikill, a. strong. krapt-auðigr,a.(1) verypowerful;(2) highly virtuous. kraptr (-s, -ar),m.(1) might,strength, power;meðöllumkrapti, withmightand main;(2) virtue;(3) superhumanbeing, angel. krá, f. nook, corner. kráka, f. crow (galandi k.).

krákr, m. crow or raven. kráku-skel,f. mussel; -stigr,m. ‘crow-path’,crookedway,zigzag; -ungi, m. young crow. krás, f. dainty (dýrðligar krásir).

kredda, f. creed (Lat. credo).

krefja (kref, krafða, krafðr and krafinn),v. tocrave,demand,claim (k. e-ne-s);k.e-nmáls,orða, toaskspeech ofone (engiþorðiatk.hannorða);hann krafðidura, heaskedtobeletin,knocked atthedoor;refl.,krefjast, toclaim,with gen. (krafðist Hávarðr torfunnar).

kregð, f. pining away, a nickname. kreista (-sta, -str),v. tosqueeze, press; fig. to force, compel. kreisting, f. squeezing, pressing. krellr,m. pith,spirit,hardihood (engi krellr er í yðr).

kremja(krem,kramada,kramiðr, kramdr,or kraminn),v. tosqueeze (hannkramdiholdafbeinum);refl., kremjast, tobepinched,pine (froma wasting sickness).

krenkja (-ta, -tr), v. to make sick.

kreppa (-ta, -tr),v. tosqueeze,press; k.ate-m, topresshardonone (krepptu þeirsváhartatþorgrími,athann);impers.,e-nkreppir, onebecomescrippled; krepptr, crippled (hónvarkrepptöll,svá at báðir fœtr lágu bjúgir við knén).

kreppa,krepping,f. strait,scrape (koma í kreppu).

kreppingr,m. handful (hafakrepping fullan).

kretta (pret. kratt),v. tomurmur, complain (engi þorði um at kretta).

krikta (-kta, -kt),v.=kretta(þeir þoldu illa, ok kriktu um).

kring,adv. round;gangaíhringokí kring, allaround,roundandround;íkring um, around,withacc.(þúskaltróaí kring um skútuna).

kringja (-da, -dr),v.(1) toencircle, surround (Birkibeinarkringdubæinnþegar);usuallywithprep.‘um’(þeirkringduumkirkjuna);(2) togoround (kringið um borgina).

kringla, f. disk, circle, orb. kringlóttr, a. round, circular. kringlu-skurðr,m. tonsure; -sótt,f. the staggers (in sheep).

kringr,a. easy;svávarhonumk. skáldskaprsemöðrummönnummálsitt, verse-makingwasaseasytohimasspeaking to other men. krisma (að), v. to anoint. krisma, n., krismi, m. chrism. krismu-ker, n. chrismatorv. krist-fé,n. ‘Christ-fee’ (propertygiv-

en for the support of the poor).

kristi-liga,adv. inaChristian-like way; -ligr, a. Christian(like). kristin-dómr,m. Christendom,Christianity (also ‘kristinn dómr’).

kristinn,a. Christian;kristinlög, ecclesiastical law. krist-maðr, m. champion of Christ. kristna (að),v.(1) tochristianize;(2) to christen, baptize. kristni, f. Christianity, Christendom. kristni-boð,n., -boðan,f. preaching theGospel; -hald,n. keepingChristianity; -lög,n.pl.=kristinlög; -spell,n. breach, profanation of Christianity. kristr (gen. krists), m. Christ. krikar, m. pl. groin. krjúpa (krýp; kraup, krupum; kropinn),v.(1) tocreep,crouch (vóru dyrnarsválágar,atnærvarðatk.inn); (2) tofallprostrate,kneel (þáervérkrjúpum til hans með iðran).

krof,n. cut-upcarcase ofaslaughtered animal (cf. sauðarkrof).

kropna (að),v.(1) tobecrippled;(2) tobeclenched,stiffened (varhöndinkropnuð at bréfinu).

kropning, f. kneeling. kroppa (að), v. to crop, pick. kroppin-bakr, m. hump-back. kroppr (-s, -ar),m. thebody,trunk (kroppr arnarins).

kross (pl. -ar),m.(1) cross,crucifix; (2) signofthecross;ík., cross-wise,inthe formofacross (leggjahendrík.;réttasik í k.).

krossa (að),v. tomarkwithacross;refl.,krossast, totakethecross (asacrusader).

krossa-laust,adv. withoutmakingthe sign of the cross.

krossan, f. taking the cross. kross-festa (-sta, -str),v. tofasten tothecross,crucify; -festing,f. crucifixion; -hús,n. housecontainingacross; -maðr,m. warriorofthecross; -mark,n. signofthecross; -messa,f. Cross-mass, twiceayear,inthespring(-messaum várit),the3rdofMay, Inventionofthe Cross,andinautumn,the14thofSept., ElevationoftheCross; -tíðir,f.pl. Hours of the Cross. króka-spjót, n. barbed spear. krók-faldr,m. aformofwomen’s head-dress; -fjöðr,f. barbedheadofa spear; -lykill, m. hook-shaped key. krókóttr,a.(1) crooked,win krókótt á, winding river; (2) cunning, crafty. krók-pallr, m. corner seat. krókr (-s, -ar),m.(1) hook (nefhans varmikitokkrókrá);(2) barb,onaspear orarrow-head(cf.krókaspjót,krókör); (3) peg (þeirtókureipofanórkrókum); (4) afire-hook;(5) curve,bend,winding; ristakrók, nottogostraight;gørasérkróka, tomakeadetour;(6) corner (núgangit þér í krókinn hjá húsinu).

krók-stafr, m. crooked stick. krók-ör, f. barbed arrow. krumma, f. clownish hand, paw. krummi, m. a pet name of a raven. krúna,f.(1) crown;(2) shavencrown, tonsure.

krúna (að), v. to crown. krydd, n. spice.

kryfja (kryf, krufða, krufðr and krufinn),v. toopenup,disembowel (þá krufði hann hana sinn).

krymma, f. = krumma.

kryppa, f. hump, hunch. kryppill, krypplingr, m. cripple. krysja (krusta), v. to crouch, linger.

krytja (krutta, krutt),v. tomurmur, grumble (k. um e-t).

krytr, m. noise, murmur. kræki-ber, n. crowberry. kræsast (t), v. to fare sumptuously.

krœkill, m. = krókstafr.

krœkja (-ta, -tr),v.(1) tohook,with dat.(hannkrœktihandarstúfinumí kistuhringana);krœktersamanbeinum íþér, thybonesarehookedtogether,i.e. badlyknit;(2) tograsp(drag)withahook, withacc.(Þ.krœktimannSturluatsér meðøxinni);(3) togoincircuits,inwindings (fjörðrinnkrœktiymsaveguinní landit);(4)verainnikrœktr, tobeshutin. kröf (gen. krafar,pl. krafir),f. claim, demand. kröm (gen. kramar;pl. kramar),f. long or wasting illness. kröptugr, a. strong, vigorous. kröpturligan,adv. withmightand main (róa k., viz. róðr).

kufl,m. cowl,cowledcloak; -höttr, m. cowl; -maðr, m. cowl-man. kuflungr (-s, -ar), m. cowl-man. kuggr (-s, -ar),m. large(foreign)merchant-ship, ‘cog’. kukl, n. juggling, sorcery. kuklara-skapr, m. = kukl. kuklari, m. juggler, wizard. kul, n. breeze (fagrt k.).

kulda-samr,a. cold,chilly; -vatn,n. cold water; -vetr, n. cold weather. kuldi,m.(1) cold;pl.kuldar, continued coldweather (várufrostmikilokkuldar); (2)fig. coldness,frigidity (kennakuldaaf e-m).

kult, n. quill, counterpane. kul-víss, a. sensitive to cold. kumbl, kuml,n.(1) mark,sign,badge; (2) sepulchralmonument,cairn (þauliggja

bæði í kumli).

kumbla, kumla (að),v. tobruise, wound (sárr ok kumlaðr).

kumbla-smiðr,m. ‘wound-maker’,warrior, hero (poet.).

kumbl-búi, m. cairn-dweller. kumbl-dys, f. little cairn. kumpánn (-s, -ar),m.(1) fellow,companion; (2) the male organ. kumpáss, m. = kompáss.

kunna (kann, kunna, kunnat),v.(1) toknow,understand (þúkanntmargtþat ereigikunnuaðrirmenn);(2) toknow (bymemory);ljóðekþaukann,erkannat þjóðanskona, Iknowsongs,suchasno king’sdaughterknows;(3) toknow aperson;unnihonumhverrmaðr,erhann (acc.)kunni, everymanthatknewhim lovedhim;(4)spec.phrases;k.hófatum e-t,k.hófsitt, toknowthepropermean, tobehavewithmoderation;uxarnirkunnu þóheim, theoxenfoundtheirwayhome; k.engamannraun tohavenoexperience ofmen;k.e-mþökk,aufusu, tobethankful,obligedtoone;(5)k.sik, toknowoneself (sáersvinnr,ersikkann); tobehave well (G.kveðstmundumeiðahann,ef hannkynnisikeigi);(6)k.sére-t, tounderstand,haveclearknowledgeof (somethingasconcerningoneselfortouching one’sowninterest);k.sérmargt, tobe skilledinmanythings;k.fyrirsér=k. sér;alsoellipt. knowhowtoconductoneself;(7)withdat. toknow;ekkanskapi Gunnhildar, IknowGunhild’stemper;(8) k.e-ne-s or ume-t, toblameaperson forathing (eigihugðaek,athannmætti mikþessak.);eigierhannumþatatk., heisnottobeblamedforit;(9) tobe pleasedornotwithathing;Eyjúlfrlézt þvínafnimunduvelk., E.saidheshould

bewellpleasedwiththatname;(10) tobe able,withinfin.;þúskalteigik.frátíðindumatsegja, thoushaltnotescapetotell thetale;(11) tochance,happen;hvarsem þikkannatatbera, wheresoeverthoumay happen to arrive.

kunnandi, pr. p. knowing (margs k.). kunnandi,f. knowledge,accomplishments (nökkurs konar list eða k.).

kunnasta,f., kunnátta,f. knowledge; magical lore. kunnáttu-leysi,n. ignorance; -lítill, a. ignorant.

kunn-gøra (see gøra),v. tomake known (=gøra kunnigt).

kunnigr,a.(1) known;gørakunnigt, tomakeknown;mérerkunnigtume-t, Iknow,haveknowledgeof;(2) versedin magicart,=fjölkunnigr;(3) akinto (ás-, álf-, goð-kunnigr).

kunningi (pl. -jar),m. acquaintance (vinir ok kunningjar).

kunn-kona,f. femaleacquaintance; -leiki,m., -leikr,m.(1) knowledge,intelligence;gørae-me-tí-leika, toinform apersonof;e-mer-leikiáe-u,e-tere-mí kunnleika, oneknows,isacquaintedwith; (2) intimacy,familiarity (-leikarerumeð þeim,ímilliþeirra); -liga,adv. familiarly,intimately (kveðjast-liga); -maðr,m. = kunningi.

kunnr,a.(1) known (þérmunukunnar leiðir);k.ate-u, knownforsomething (þú ertk.atdrengskap);(2) familiar;þeir vóru mjök kunnir áðr, intimate friends. kurfi, n. cuttings of wood.

kurfla (að), v. to chop (wood). kurfr (-s, -ar), m. chip, cut-off piece. kurr,m.(1) murmur,grumbling (ofa numberofpersons);(2) rumour (spurðist þessi k. í Vindland).

kurra (að),v. tomurmur,grumble (kurruðu bœndr mjök).

kurr-hugi,m. lowspirits;veraí-huga, to be anxious, concerned. kurteisi,f. courtesy,goodmanners, chivalry (hannlétkennahonumalls konar k.).

kurteis-liga,adv.(1) courteously, gracefully (heilsa-liga);(2) withdignity, nobly (barhannsvá-ligasinnharm); -ligr, a. courteous, graceful. kurteiss,a. courteous,well-bred (væn konaokkurteis);hannvarlítillvexti,en þók., hewassmallofstature,butyetelegant.

kúfóttr, a. convex (kúfótt hvel).

kúfungr (-s, -ar), m. sea snail.

kúga (að),v. tocow,force,tyrannize over (ekmanekkik.hanntilnökkurra hluta);k.e-tafe-m, topressoutofone;látakúgast, toletoneselfbecowedintosubmission.

kúgan,f. oppression,useofforce (hafðu k. við þá uppi við fjöllin).

kú-gildi,n. cow’svalue,=kýrlag; -gildr, a. of a cow’s value. kúla, f. knob, boss, ball. kúlu-bakr, m. humpback. kúr-hugi, m. = kurr-hugi.

kvaða, f. request, claim, demand. kvaðning,f.(1) greeting,salutation;(2) request, demand.

kvaka (að), v. to twitter, chirp. kvak-samr, a. whining, querulous. kvala-,gen.pl.from‘kvöl’; -lauss,a. withouttorments; -maðr,m.=kvalari; -staðr, m. place of torment. kvalari, m. tormentor.

kval-ræði, n. torture, torments. kval-samligr, a. tormenting. kvanta (að), v. to molest, injure.

kvantr, m. loss, damage.

kvarði, m. yard-wand. kvarta (að),v. tocomplain;k.ume-t, to complain of a thing. kvartsamr, a. given to complaining. kváma, f. arrival, = koma. kván, f. wife (Heðins k.). kvánar-efni,n. one’sfuturewife; -mundr,m. asumpaidbyamanforhis wife.

kván-bœnir,f.pl. wooing; -fang,n. takingawife;marriage;match (gott -fang), wife.

kvánga (að),v. tomakeamanmarry; kvángaðr, married;refl.,kvángast, to marry, take a wife. kvángan, f. the taking of a wife. kván-lauss,a. wifeless,unmarried, widowed; -ríki,n. thedomineeringofa wife; hafa -ríki, to be hen-pecked. kvára (að), v. to rattle. kvátra, f. a kind of backgammon. kveða (kveð;kvað,kváðum;kveðinn), v.(1) tosay,utter;hannkvaðeigiorð, he didnotutteraword;k.gleði-orð, tosaya cheerfulword;withinfin.,hannkvaðþat sattvera, hesaiditwastrue;k.atorði, toexpressoneself,say,speak;(2) to(composeand)sayaloud (hannkvaðvísu); to recite,repeat (S.baðhannþák.kvæðit þat,erhannhafðiort);(3)withpreps., k.at, tosay,state;gramm. topronounce, sound;k.e-tate-m, toinflicton;mikill harmreratosskveðinn, greatgriefhas beensentonus;k.á, tofix,determine (k. ástefnudag);impers. tostate;kveðrþar skýrtáþetta, itisthereexpresslystated; tocancel,objectto (k.ágögn, tocancelthe evidence)tomakeupone’smind,resolve; k.e-tupp, torecite,declare (þatskululög vera,semhannkveðrupp);k.við, tore-

ply,answer(hitkihannveit,hvathann skalviðk.,ef); toutteracry,&c.(hundrinnkvaðviðhátt); tosound (þvínæst kvaðlúðrvið);(4)refl.,kveðast, tosay ofoneself;þeirerbiskuparkváðustvera, whosaidtheywerebishops;hannkveðst eigiríðamundu, hesaidhewouldnotride; impers.,mérkveðsk=ekkveðmér;Kára kvaðsk(=Kárikvaðsér)önnurferðbetri þykkja, K.saidhethoughtanothercourse preferable;kveðastat, toexchangeverses or songs. kveðandi,f.(1) recitation,chantingor singing (fögrvarsúk.atheyra);(2) rhythm,flowofaverse (þófegraþærmjök í k.).

kveðja,f. welcome,greeting,salutation (konungr tók kveðju hans).

kveðju-boð,n., -sending,f. greeting from one absent, compliments. kveð-skapr,m. poetry,verse-making (góðr, illr, -skapr).

kvefja (kvafða), v. = kefja. kveif, f. coif, cap, esp. mitre. kveiking, f. kindling. kveikja (-ta, -tr),v.(1) tolight,kindle;k.eld,ljós, tokindleafire,light;(2) fig. toarouse,giveriseto (k.sorg,harm, fjándskap).

kveikja, f. kindling (öfundar k.).

kveikr, m. wick of a lamp.

kvein, n. wailing, lamentation. kveina (að),v. towail,lament;k.um e-t, tocomplainof (erhérkveinatumeldiviðarfæð).

kveinan, f. wailing. kveinka (að), v. to complain. kveinkan, f. lamentation.

kvein-samligr,a. doleful; -stafir,m. pl. wailings, lamentations. kveisa,f. whitlow,boil (hannhefir kveisu mikla í fœtinum).

kveisu-nagli, m. the core of a boil. kveld,n. evening;atkveldi(dags), at eventide;ík., to-night;ákveldit,ákveldum, ofanevening,intheevenings;um kveldit, in the evening, that evening. kvelda (að),v.impers.,kveldar or daginn tekr at k., evening draws near. kveld-langt,adv. alltheevening (drekka-langt); -ligr,a. pertainingto evening; -mál,n. eventide; -máltíð,f. supper; -riða,f. night-hag,witch (riding onwolvesinthetwilight); -seta,f. sittinguplate; -svæfr,a. inclinedtosleep

kveðja (kveð,kvaddi,kvaddr),v.(1) tocallon,summon (Þórvaldrkvaddi húskarlasína);k.e-ne-s, torequest(demand)ofone;k.matar,svefns, tocall forfood,sleep;k.sérhljóðs, tocallfora hearing;k.þings, toconvokeameeting; k.e-ne-s, tocallon,summon,onetodo something (vóruvérkvaddiratberavitni þat);(2) towelcome,greet (þeirkvöddu konung);ofonedeparting, tobid farewell,takeleaveof (hanngengrnúí brottokkveðrenganmann);refl.,kveðjast, togreetoneanother (þeirkvöddust vel);(3)withpreps.,k.e-nate-u, tocall onapersontodoathing,callhisattention to (þikkveðekatþessu);k.e-nfráe-u, to excludefrom,depriveof (ekhefioptmenn fráæfikvadda,ereigivilduhlýðamínum boðum);k.e-ntile-s, tocallononefor athing (k.menntilferðar);k.e-nupp, tocallononetorise (síðanvaknaðiHaraldrokkvaddiuppmennsína); tosummon toarms;síðansafnaðihannliðiokkveðr uppalmenning, afterthathegatheredmen androusedthewholecountry;k.e-nút, to calloneoutofthehouse (hannkvaddiút Höskuld ok Hrút).

intheevening,opp.to‘morgunsvæfr’; -söngr,m. evensong,vespers (eptir kveldsöngumaptaninn); -tími,m. eventide.

kvelja (kvel, kvalda, kvaldr and kvalinn),v. totorment,torture;refl., kveljast, to be tormented (k. í vesöld).

kveljari, m. tormentor. kvelling, f. ailment, ailing. kvellinga-samr, a. ailing. kvelli-sjúkr,a. ailing,sickly (ekki hefiekverit-sjúkr); -sótt,f.=kvelling (engar hefi ek -sóttar).

kvendi, n. woman, pl. womankind. kvenna-,gen.pl.from‘kona’; -ást,f. women’slove; -búnaðr,m. women’sattire; -far,n. loveaffairs; -fólk,n. women-folk; -friðr,m. immunityof women; -grið,n.=-friðr; -hjal,n. women ’sgossip; -hús,n. lady’sbower; -klæðnaðr,m. femaledress; -lið,n. women-folk; -maðr,m. onefondof women; -mál,n.pl. lovematters; -munr, m. distinctionofwomen; -nám,n. abduction,rape; -ráð,n.pl. women ’scounsel; -siðr,m. habitsofwomen; -skap,n. women’stemper; -skáli,m. women ’ s apartment; -skipan,f. placingofthe ladies (atabanquet); -sveit,f. bevyof women; -vagn,m. theLesserBear (Ursa Minor); -vist, f. women’s abode. kvenn-borinn,pp. cognate; -búnaðr, m. women’sdress; -dýr,n. femalebeast; -folk,n. women-folk; -fugl,m. hen bird; -hallr,a. inclinedtolove,amorous; -kenna (-da, -dr),v. toaddressasa woman; -kenndr,pp. feminine; -klæði, n.pl. women’sdress; -kné,n. cognatelineage;femaledegreeofkin; -kostr,m. goodmatch (ofawoman); -kyn,n. female sex; -kyrtill,m. woman’skirtle; -leg-

gr,m. kindredonthewoman’sside,the cognates; -liga,adv., -ligr,a. womanly, womanlike; -list,f. femaleskill; -maðr, m. woman,opp.to‘karlmaðr’; -mannligr,a. womanlike; -nýtr,a. abletoprocreate; -samliga,adv. lasciviously (mæla kv.viðkonu); -samr,a. amorous; -semi, f. amorousness; -sift,adv. onthefemale side; -skikkja,f. woman ’scloak; -skratti,m. wickedwoman,termagant; -skrúði,m. women’sattire; -skygn,a. lookingafterwomen; -skörungr,m. great(stately)lady; -styrkr,a. strong enoughforawoman; -svift,adv.=-sift; -söðull,m. woman’ssaddle,side-saddle; -úmagi,m. femalepauper; -váðir,f.pl. woman’sdress,femaleattire; -vélar,f.pl. woman’s wiles. kvenska, f. womanhood, chastity. kver, n. sheet (folded in a book).

kverk (pl. kverkr),f.(1) theanglebelowthechin (hanntókundirkverkinaok kysstihana);fig. theinnerangleofanaxehead (undirk.øxinni);(2)inpl. throat (konungrfórhöndumumkverkrsveininum).

kverka-mein,a. bronchitis; -sótt,f. throatdisease; -sullr,m. boilinthe throat, quinsy. kverk-band,n. stringofacaporhood, going under the chin. kvern (pl. -ir),f.(1) quern-stone,millstone;(2) quern,handmill (þarsatkona við k.).

kvernar-auga,n. theeyeorholeofa mill-stone. kvern-steinn,m. quern-stonemillstone (hjó hann -stein til augans).

kveyking, kveykja,see‘kveiking, kveikja’.

kviða, f. narrative poem, ballad.

kviðar-girnd, f. gluttony.

kvið-burðr,m. verdict,ordeilveryof the verdict, of neighbours.

kviðja (að),v. toforbid (k.e-me-t);refl., kviðjast e-t, to decline, shun.

kviðlingr (-s, -ar), m. ditty.

kvið-maðr, m. ‘inquest-man’, juror.

kviðr (-ar;pl. -ir,acc. -u),m.(1) verdict (ofneighbours);berakviðume-t, togiveaverdictinacase;berakviðáen,ímótie-m(afe-m), togiveaverdict against(for,infavourof)one;(2) inquest, jury;kveðjae-nkviðar, tocall(aneighbour)onaninquest;ryðjakviðinn,bjóða tilruðningarumkviðinn, tochallengethe jury;(3) saying,word;k.norna, thedecree oftheFates (kveldlifirmaðrekkieptir kvið norna).

kviðr (-ar;pl. -ir,acc. -u),m.(1) belly, abdomen; (2) womb.

kvið-sótt,f. colic; -sullr,m. boilon the stomach.

kviðugr, a. pregnant. kviðu-háttr, m. a kind of metre. kvið-þroti,m. swellingofthestomach; -verkr, m. belly-ache. kvika,f.(1) thequick (underthenailor underahorse’shoof);(2) runningfluid; yeast;(3)k.ínösum, polypusinthenostrils (?).

kvik-fé,n., -fénaðr,m. livestock,cattle (þu skalt njóta kvikfjár þíns).

kvikindi, n. = kykvendi. kvik-látr,a. quick,lively; -liga,adv. briskly; -ligr, a. brisk, lively. kvikna (að),v.(1) toquicken,cometo life (dvergarhöfðukviknatímoldunni, svásemmaðkaríholdi);(2) tobekindled (eldrkviknar);tréitkviknaði, thetree tookfire;(3) torevive,getfreshspirit (þá kviknaði hestr hans, er fyrr var móðr).

kviknan, f. quickening.

kvikr (acc. -van),a.(1) quick,alive,living (yfirþágötunáðiengik.komast); skerae-nkvikvan, todissectalive;(2) lively,glad (sváverðrherrinnk.viðþenna kvitt, at).

kvik-setja (see setja),v. toburyalive (hannlétkviksetjasik); -silfr,n. quicksilver, mercury.

kviku-dropi, m. drop of a fluid. kvikva, f. = kvika.

kvikva-vöðvi, m. the calf of the leg. kvikvendi,n. alivingcreature;inpl. animals,beasts,asopp.tomen(menninir ok kykvendin).

kvinna, f. woman, = kona.

kvis, n. rumour, tattle. kvisa (að), v. to gossip, whisper. kvista (að),v.(1) tolopoffcutthe branchesof (k.lim,tré);þeirkvistuðuþar bálmikit, theycutwoodforalargefire;(2) to cut down (k. menn niðr sem hráviði).

kvistr (-ar;pl. -ir,acc. -u),m. twig, branch; stroke in a letter.

kvist-skœðr, a. branch-scathing. kvitta (að), v. to rumour, report. kvittr (pl. -ir,acc. -u),m. looserumour,report (sögðuafþvíslíkankvitt, semþeirhöfðuheyrt);ljóstauppkvitt, to spread reports.

kvittr, a. quit, acquitted (k. um e-t).

kvittsamr,a. readytobelieve(orrepeat) idle rumours. kví (pl. -ar),f.(1) fold,pen (rekaféí kvíar);(2) alaneofmengraduallynarrowing (also in pl.).

kvía (að), v. to pen, hem in, enclose. kvía-dyrr,f.pl. gateofafold; -garðr, m. pen-wall. kviða (-dda, -tt),v. tofeelapprehension for (k. e-u or við e-u).

kvíða, f. apprehension, anxiety.

kvíð-bjóðr, m. dismal foreboding. kvíði,m.=kvíða(hvárkierþatæðrané kvíði).

kvíðinn,a. anxious,timid,concerned (cf. ‘kátr ok ókviðinn’).

kviðu-staðr, m. cause of fear. kvíga (gen.pl. kvígna),f. youngcow, heifer; kvígendi,n.=kvíga; kvígr,m. young bullock.

kvísl (pl. -ir),f.(1) branch(ofatree); (2) fork;(3) forkofariver;(4) pedigreeof a family.

kvísla (að),v. tobranchout;refl.,kvíslast=kvísla(ofatree,lineage,river, etc.).

kvísla-tré, n. forked tree. kvíslóttr, a. branched, branchy. kvora (að), v. = kvára.

kvæða-fróðr,a. knowingmanysongs or poems by heart.

kvæði, n. poem, song (yrkja k.).

kvæðis-laun,n.pl. rewardforapoem; -mynd, f. form of a poem.

kvæfa (-ða, -ðr), v. = kœfa.

kvækla (að), v. = kvaka.

kvæmt,a.n. free (forone) tocome (er engum yðrum manni k. í Noreg).

kvæn, f. = kván.

kvæna (-da, -dr),v. tomakeonemarry; refl., kvænast, to take a wife.

kvændr,kvæntr,pp. married (ofa man), = kvángaðr.

kvæning, f. taking a wife, marriage. kvöð (gen. kvaðar,pl. kvaðar),f.(1) claim;(2) summoningofneighbours (= búakvöð); (3) the body of neighbours. kvöl (gen. kvalar,pl. kvalar),f. torment, torture.

kykr, a. = kvikr.

kykvendi, n. = kvikvendi.

kylfa (-da),v. toaim;k.tilorðanna, to hesitate for words. kylfa, f. club (k. eða klumba).

kylfu-högg, n. blow with a club. kyllir, m. the scrotum. kylr, m. gust of cold air. kyn (gen.pl. kynja),n.(1) kin,kindred (þaráttihannk.hálft);danskratkyni, Danishbyextraction;teljak.sitttiles, toclaimkindredwith;(2) kind,sort, species;ískyldastakyni, ofthemostbefittingkind;allskyns, ofeverykind;hvers kyns, ofanykind;margskyns, ofmany kinds;þesskyns, ofthatkind;(3) gender (karl-, kvenn-kyn).

kyn (gen.pl. kynja),n. wondermarvel, portent (þáurðumörgk.bæðiídraumum ok sýnum).

kyn-birtr, a., poet. very bright. kynda (-nda, -ndr),v. tokindle,light (k. eld, funa, loga, bál, vita).

kyndari, m. kindler. kyndill (pl. kyndlar),m. candle, torch (k. ok kerti).

kyndil-messa,f. Candlemas,thefeast of the purification.

kyndugr, a. guileful, cunning. kyndug-skapr, m. guile, wiliness. kyn-ferð,f., -ferði,n. kindred,extraction; -fylgja,f.(1) familycharacteristic,peculiarity;(2) kind,nature;(3) kindred. kyngi,f. knowledgeofmagic;kyngi kraptr, magical power. kyn-goðr,a. ofgoodfamily; -göfugr, a. of noble extraction. kynjaðr,a. descended,born;sprung from a place (hvaðan ertu k.?).

kynja-lauss,a. ‘withoutwonders’,natural;ereigi-laustumhann, thereissomethingwrongwithhim; -læti,n.pl.

strangegestures; -mein,n. strangeillness; -menn,m.pl. ‘wonderpeople’,fairies, goblins; -sótt,f.=-mein; -vetr,m. ‘wonder-winter’. kyn-kvísl,f. lineage,pedigree;branch; -leggr, m. = ætt-leggr. kyn-liga, adv. strangely. kynlig-leikr, m. a strange thing. kyn-ligr,a. strange,wonderful,extraordinary (meðkynligumóti);e-mgørist -ligt, one feels strange. kyn-líkr,a. resembling (-líkre-m); -lítill,a. oflowextraction; -margr,a. ofvariouskinds; -mót,n. (specific)lookor appearance. kynna (-ta, -tr),v. tomakeknown;k. sére-t, tomakeoneselfacquaintedwith, study (k.sérkaupskap);hverrmunk.oss tilkonungs, whowillshowusthewayto theking;refl.,kynnast, tobecomeknown, comeabroad;k.e-u, tobecomeacquainted with;e-mkynniste-t, onegetsacquainted with;k.e-t, tostudy (=kynnasére-t);k. við e-n, to make acquaintance with one. kynni,n.(1) way,fashion,nature (kaupumvelsaman,þatervinak.);(2) affairs,circumstances (þaueineruk. heimaatþín);(3) kindred,kinsmen (mér þykkirsemþúmunireigahérk.);Glúmr varþrjárnætratk.sínu, withhiskinsmen;(4) friendlyvisittoafriendorkinsman;leita(komatil)kynnis,sœkjak., faraák.,faratilkynnis, tomakeavisit; sitja at k., to stay on a visit. kynni-liga,adv.=kunnliga(þeir kvöddust kynniliga).

kynning,f. acquaintancewith,knowledge of (k. e-s).

kynnis-ferð,f. journeyonavisit; -gjöf,f. gifttoavisitor; -leit, -sókn,f. visit; -vist, f. stay on a visit.

kyn-ríkr,a. ofgreatextraction,noble (stórauðgir ok kynríkir).

kynsl, n. pl. wonders, strange things. kyn-slóð, f. kindred, progeny. kyns-maðr, m. kinsman, descendant. kyn-smár,a. oflowextraction; -smæð, f. lowextraction; -stafr,m. scion; -stórr, a. of noble extraction. kynstr,n.pl. strange,prodigious things; magical acts or arts. kyn-stœrð,f. nobleextraction; -sæll, a. blessedwithgoodandgreatoffspring; -vani,a. wantinginkindred; -þáttr,m. lineage. kyrð,f. rest,tranquillity;meðk., quietly; í (at, á) kyrðum, in quiet. kyrfi-ligr, a. humble, mean. kyrking, f. choking, strangulation. kyrkja (-ta, -tr),v. tostrangleorchoke (hengdr eða kyrktr).

kyrpingr (-s, -ar), m. weakling (?). kyrr,a.(1) still,quiet,atrest;halda vápnikyrru, toholdaweaponatrest;sitja um kyrt, toremainquiet;setjastum kyrt, totaketorest (inlife);haldakyrru fyrir, nottostir;(2)neut.,kyrt,asadv. gently; tak þú kyrt þar á, touch it gently. kyrra (-ða, -ðr),v. tocalm,still;impers.,kyrrirsjáinn, theseabecomescalm; refl.,kyrrast, tobecomecalm (ener kyrðist á strætinu).

kyrra,f. calmness,calm (kyrravará sjónum).

kyrr-látr,a. calm,peaceful,tranquil; -leikr,m. tranquillity; -liga,adv. quietly,calmly; -ligr,a. calm; -seta,f. sitting (living)atrest;setjastí-setu, totakerest inlife;hafa-setu, tohaverest; -setja (see setja), v. to sequester; -sæti, n. = -seta. kyrtill (-s,pl. kyrtlar),m. kirtle, tunic (k. ok yfirhöfn).

kyrtils-blað,n. thelapofakirtle; -klæði,n. clothforakirtle; -lauss,a. without a kirtle; -skaut, n. = -blað.

kyssa (-ta, -tr),v. tokiss;k.áhöndem, tokissone’shand (inhomage);recipr., kyssast, to kiss one another. kyssi-ligr, a. fit to be kissed. kytja, f. hovel, small cottage.

kýla (-da, -dr),v. tofill;k.vömbsína (k.sik)áe-u, tofillone’sbellywith;k.öl, to swill ale, drink hard. kýli,n. boil,abscess;grípaákýlinu, to touch a sore place.

kýll,m. bag;hannbarkýlÞórs, hecarriedThor’sknapsack;karlokk., beggar and scrip.

kými-liga,adv. inafunnymanner; -ligr, a. amusing, funny. kýr (gen. kýr,dat.andacc. kú;pl. kýr, gen. kúa, dat. kúm), f. cow. kýr-fóðr,n. cow’sfodder; -húð,f. cow’shide; -hvalr,m.akind ofwhale; -lag, n. a cow’s value. kækinn, a. ill-mannered. kæna, f. a kind of boat. kæra (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) todiscuss,debate (þeirkærðuþettaumhríðmillisín);(2) tobringforward,mention;herraR.kærði krankleik sinn,pleadedhisillness;k.vandræðisínfyrire-m todiscloseone’stroublestoone;(3) tocomplainof (þeirkærðu mjökáhlauphans);(4) toaccuse,makea chargeagainstone (k.e-numþjófnað);k. áe-n, tolaytoone’scharge (Svíarkærðu mjökáHákonkonung,athannhafði brenntVermaland);k.sik, tocomplain, murmur (þegar bœndr tóku at kæra sik).

kæra, f. complaint; murmur. kær-leikr,m. friendlyterms,intimacy (veraímiklum-leik, or -leikumviðe-n); komastí-leikaviðe-n, toingratiateone-

selfwithone; -liga,adv. lovingly,dearly; -ligr, a. dear, beloved; loving. kærr,a.(1) dear,beloved (k.e-m);(2) intimate,close (varmeðþeimhinkærsta vinátta);(3)k.at e-m,fondof (k.at góðum hestum).

kærsla, f. complaint, = kæra.

kæta (-tta, -ttr),v. togladden;refl., kætast, tobegladdened,rejoice (tókkonungr at k).

kæti, f. cheerfulness, gladness. kœfa (-ða, -ðr),v. tochoke,drown (þeirvilduk.hannílauginni);k.ljós, to quench a light. kœja, v. to disturb (rare).

kœla (-da, -dr), v. to cool. kœni, f. = kœnleikr.

kœn-leikr,m. cleverness,sagacity; -liga,adv. cleverly,skilfully; -ligr,a. judicious, prudent. kœnn,a.(1) wise;kœnna(gen.pl.) hverr, everywiseman;(2) skilful,expert; k.við e-t,skilfulinathing (k.viðleika, orrostur, allan riddaraskap).

kœnska, f. craft, sagacity. köggull (pl. köglar),m. joint(inthe fingers and toes).

kögla (að),v. tostealaglance (tile-s, at one).

kögur-barn, n. bantling, infant. kögurr (dat. kögri,pl. kögrar),m. a quilt with fringe, counterpane. kögur-sveinn, m. = -barn. kökkr (dat. kekki,pl. kekkir),m. lump, in ‘snækökkr’, snow-ball. kölsugr, a. pert, saucy. kömbóttr, a. crested (cf. ‘kambr’).

köngull (pl. könglar),m. cluster, bunch, in ‘vínberjaköngull’.

köngur-váfa, f. spider. köppu-steinn, m. boulder.

köpur-máll,a. bantering; -yrði,n.pl.

banter.

kör (gen. karar),f. bed(ofsickness, etc.);liggjaík., toliebedridden;leggjast

í k., to become bedridden.

kør, n. choice, election, = kjör.

kös (gen. kasar), f. heap, pile.

köstr (gen. kastar,dat. kesti;pl. kestir,acc. köstu),m. pile (bera saman í köst).

kösungr, m. sleeveless jacket. köttr (gen. kattar,dat. ketti;pl. kettir,acc. köttu),m. cat (sérköttrinn músina?).

Llaða (að),v.(1) tobid,invite (l.gesti); (2) tolead (l.menntileilífrarsælu);(3) refl.,laðast, tobedrawn (laðastallirtil Broddhelga).

lað-orð,n. invitation;þiggja-orðatem, to accept an invitation. laðrúnn, m. robber. lafa (lafi, lafða, lafat),v. tohangloosely, dangle. lafði, f. lady (þú ert vár lafði). laf-hræddr, a. quaking with fear. lag,n.(1) stratum,layer;(2) dueplace, rightposition;leggjastýriíl., toshipthe rudder;gangaórlagi, togowrong;fórunú brýnnhansíl., hisbrowsbecamesmooth andstraight;komalagiáe-t, toputto rights,getathingintoorder;komastvelí l., tofallintogoodorder;(3) companionship,fellowship,leggja(binda)samanl. sitt, toenterintofellowship;(4) livingtogether (hannréðsttillagsviðBeru);(5) cohabitation;eigal.viðkonu, tocohabit; (6) marketprice,tax;leggjal.ávarning manna, tosetorregulatethemarketprice; (7) thrust,stab (withaknife,sword,or spear);(8) air,tune;(9)adverbialphrases;ítvennulagi, intwoparts,double;í öllulagi, ineveryrespect,quite;ísumu (mörgu)lagi, insame(many)respects; withcompar.orsuperl.,denoting degree; ímeiralagi, considerably,rather;ífyrra lagi, ratherearly,amongtheearliest;íverralagi, amongtheworst;íhljóðaralagi,

rathersilent;ínærralagi, ratherclose; þanndagsvafUnnrílengralagi, U.slept thatdaylongerthanshewaswont;Helias varífyrstalagispámanna, H.wasoneof thefirstofprophets;íelztalagisonahans, amongtheoldestofhissons;minnstalag, the least share. laga (að),v. toprepare,makeready (lagat var drykkju).

laga-,gen.pl.from‘lög’; -afbrigði, n. breachoflaw; -beizla,f. lawfuldemand; -boð,n. statute; -bók,f. law-book, =lögbók; -brjótr,m. law-breaker; -brot,n. breachoflaw; -eiðr,m. lawful oath,=lögeiðr; -frétt,f. legalinquiry; -grein,f. articleoflaw; -gæzla,f. maintenanceofthelaw; -hald,n. keepingof thelaw; -hellur,f.pl. thetablesofthe law; -kaup,n. legalbargain; -kvánfang, n. lawfulmarriage; -lýritr,m., -lýritti,n. lawfulprotest; -löstr,m. evasion oflaw; -maðr,m. manoflaw,lawyer; -órskurðr,m. legaldecision; -próf,n. legalproof; -rétting,f. lawmending; -réttr,m. legal,personalright; -setning,f. legislation; -skilnaðr,m. legal divorce; -skipan,f.(1) legislation;(2) orderingofthelaw; -skipti,n. changeof law; -vegr, m. lawful course. lagðr,m. tuftofwool (ullar-lagðr) or hair (röggr eða lagðr).

lag-klauf, f. the pastern (of sheep). lag-liga,adv. meetly,handsomely; -ligr, a. meet, fit (-ligr skilnaðr).

lagnar-,gen.from‘lögn’; -skip,n., -skúta, f. a boat for net-fishing. lags-kona,f. concubine; -maðr,m. companion, comrade. lag-vápn,n. weaponforthrustingor stabbing (opp. to ‘höggvápn’).

laki,m. thirdstomachinruminatingan-

imals (feljóttr sem laki).

lakr,a.(1) lackinginquality (þatlið, sem lakast var); (2) deficient (in weight).

lamb, n. lamb. lambaðr, pp. with lamb, = lembdr. lamb-burðr,m. lambing; -hagi,m. pastureforlambs; -hús,n.pl. lambsheds; -lauss,a. withoutalamb; -skinn,n. lamb’sskin (in‘lambskinns-kofri’); -ær, f. ewe with lamb. lami, a. lame, maimed. lamning, f. thrashing. lampi, m. lamp. land,n.(1) land,opp.tosea;landseða lagar, onlandorsea;takal., toland;nema l., totakelandasasettler;(2) the(opposite)bank (ofariver,bay,fjord);innmeð öðrulandioköðruút, inalongoneside andoutalongtheother;(3) country (verjalanditfyrirDönum);útílönd, intoforeignlands;(4) land,estate (ílandiannars manns).

landi,m. (one’s)countryman (landar várir); Icelander (= mörlandi).

land-kaup,n. purchaseofland; -kostr,m. thequalityoftheland; -könnuðr,m. asettler’smark; -menn,m.pl. =landsmenn; -munr,m. home-sickness, nostalgia;e-mleika-munir, onefeels homesick; -nám,n. takingpossessionof land as settler, settlement. landnáma-bók,f. thehistoryofthesettlement (ofIceland); -maðr,m. settler; -tíð,f., -tími,m. thetimeofthesettlement.

landnáms-kona,f. femalesettler; -maðr,m. settler (Ingólfrvarfrægastr allra landnámsmanna).

land-norðr,n. north-east,opp.to‘útnorðr’; -nyrðingr,m. north-eastwind; -ráð,n.pl.(1) governmentoftheland (hannvarfyriröllum-ráðum);(2) high treason.

landráða-maðr,m.(1) governor;(2) traitor.

land-rán,n. theharryingofaland; -reki,m.poet. protectoroftheland, king; -rögnir, m. poet. prince, king. lands-auðn,f. depopulationofaland;

landa-,gen.pl.from‘land’; -brigði, n. redemptionofland; -eign,f. land-owning; -fundr,m. discoveryofnewlands; -leit,f. exploration,voyageofdiscovery; -merki,n.pl. boundaries (ofanestate); -mæri,n. borderland,boundary; -ripting,f.=landa-brigði; -skipan,f. geography; -skipti,n.(1) divisionofland;(2) boundary; (3) exchange of land. land-auðn,f. depopulation,devastation; -aurar,m.pl. ‘land-dues’,atax whichIcelandershadtopaytotheking ontheirarrivalinNorway;alandtax hadalsotobepaidforlicenseoftravelingortradingabroad; -borði,m. the ‘landward’side; -brigð,f.=landa-brigði; -búi,m.=landsbúi; -eigandi,m. landowner; -eign,f. estate; -ekla,f. lackof land; -eyða,f. ‘land-waster’ (thenameof astandard); -fastr,a. ‘land-fast’;verða -fastr, toreachtheland,arrive; -festar, f.pl. shore-ropes,moorings; -flótti,a. fledfromtheland;-flæmdr,pp. driven outoftheland,exiled; -fúss,a. eager tomaketheland (ofsailors); -ganga,f. landing,disembarking; -gangr,m. runningashore (ofshoalsoffish); -gæzla,f. defenceoftheland; -hallt,adv. keeping alongtheshore (fara,sigla-hallt); -herr, m.(1) peopleoftheland;(2) landtroops; -hlutr,m. thelandowner’sshare; -hreinsan,f. clearingthelandofmiscreants.

-brigð,f.=landabrigði; -bruni,m. destructionofthelandbyfire; -bú,n.= -bygð; -búi,m.(1) inhabitant;(2) tenant; -bygð,f.(1) thepeopledland;(2) tenantry; -bœtr,f.pl. improvementsina land; -deild,f. partitionofland; -dróttinn, m. landlord; -endi, m. land’s end. land-seti,m. tenant; -seyra,n. general famine. lands-fjórðungr,m. quarterofthe land (ofIceland); -flótti,m. exile,banishment; -fólk,n. thepeople(inhabitants)ofaland; -friðr,m. publicpeace; -gæzla,f. guardingordefenceoftheland; -herr,m.=-fólk; -horn,n. theland’s end.

landshorna-maðr, m. landlouper. lands-höfðingi,m. greatchiefofthe land (hann barðist í mót -ingjum).

land-stjórn,f. government; -suðr,n. south-east, opp. to ‘útsuðr’.

lands-ván,f.=landván; -venja,f.= -siðr; -virðing,f. taxationofland; -vist, f. right or permission to reside in a land. land-synningr,m. south-eastwind; -sýn,f. sightofland;í-sýn, insightof land;ór-sýn, outofsightofland; -taka, f. takingland,landing; -tjald,n. land tent; -vanr,a. acquaintedwiththecountry; -ván, f. prospect of reaching land. landvarnar-maðr,m. amanentrustedorchargedwiththedefenceofthecountry against invaders.

land-vegr,m. awaybyland,opp.to ‘sjóvegr’;fara-veg, totravelbyland; -viðri,n. landwind; -vært,a.n.,eiga -vært, tohaveresidenceinacountryopen toone; -vættr,f. guardianspiritofa country; -vörn, f. defence of the land. langa (að),v. tolongfor;impers.,mik langar til e-s, I long for a thing. langa (gen. löngu), f. ling (fish). langa-fasta,f. thelong-fast,Lent; -frjádagr, m. Good Friday. lang-áss,m. longitudinalbeam,opp. to‘þvertré’; -bakki,m.,inthephrase, skjótae-u-bakka toputof; -bekkr,m. longbench (alongthesideofthehall), opp.to‘þverbekkr’; -eldar,m.pl. long fires (alongthemiddleofthehall); -ermar,f.pl. longsleeves; -feðgar,m.pl. ancestors on the father’s side. langfeðga-tal,n., -tala,f. listorroll of ‘langfeðgar’, pedigree; -ætt,f. thelineage of ‘langfeðgar’ (from father to son). lang-feðr, m. pl. = -feðgar. lang-ferð, f. long-journey. langferða-maðr, m. far traveller.

land-skaði,m. damagetotheland; -skapr,m. customoftheland (sakir-skaparokfornrarvenju); -skekill,m. outskirtofland; -skipan,f.(1) government ofaland;(2)=landaskipan; -skipti,n. =landsskipti; -skjálfti,m. earthquake; -skortr, m. lack of land. lands-kostr,m.(1) posessionofland; (2) quality of the land. land-skyld, f. rent of land. lands-lag, -leg,n. nature(physical conditions)ofaland; -leiga,f. landrent; -lýðr,m.=-fólk; -lög,n.pl. lawof theland,publiclaw; -maðr,m. inhabitant (native)ofacountry; -megin,n. themain poweroftheland (astostrengthorarea); -múgr,m. thecommonpeople; -nytjar, f.pl. produceoftheland; -ofringi,m. landlouper; -réttr,m. thelawofthe land,publiclaw; -siðr,m. customofthe land; -skattr,m. landtax; -skipan,f. =-siðr; -skipti,n. divisionofland; -skyld,f.=landskyld; -stjórn,f.= landstjórn.

lang-frami,m. lastingfame; -fœttr, a. long-legged; -för,f.=-ferð; -hálsaðr,a. long-necked; -hendr,a. longhanded; -hyggja,f. long-suffering; -höfðaðr,a. long-beaked (ofaship); -knakkr,m. longbench; -lega,f. long stay (ofaweather-boundship); -leggr, m. thelongleg,shank; -leiði,n. long distance; -leitr,a. long-faced; -liðinn, pp. ‘longgone’;eptir-liðit, afteralong time; -liga,adv. foralongtimepast; -lífi,n. longlife,longevity; -lífr,a. longlived; -loka,f.akindof eight-linedverse; -minnigr,a.(1) havingalongmemory; (2) longtoberemembered; -mælgi,f., -mæli,n. long-windedtalk; -mæltr,pp. long-spoken,long-winded; -nefjaðr,a. long-nosed; -niðjar,m.pl. descending lineageonthefather’sside; -orf,n. long scythe-handle; -pallr,m. daisalongthe hall.

langr,a.(1) long,ofspaceandtime (langtsverð,löngstund);(2)neut., langt, long,far,distant;þeiráttueigi langttileyjarinnar, theyhadnolongdistancetotheisland;(3)e-merlangtatem, oneisinterestedinaperson;hvater yðrlangtatþessummönnum, whatinterestdoyoutakeinthesemen?;(4) long, wearisome (þérmunlangtþykkjahérá heiðinni).

lang-reið,f. longride; -ræki,n. rancour,unforgivingspirit; -rækr,a. unforgiving; -rœða,f. longtall; -rœðr,a. long-winded; -skepta,f. long-shafted spear; -skeptr,pp. longshafted; -skip, n. longship,warship (þarlágulangskip mörg).

langskipa-menn,m.pl. thecrewofa long ship. lang-skör,f. thelowerhemofatent;

-staðinn,pp. ofolddate,long-standing; -stóll,m. longseat; -stræti,m. long street; -sýnn,a. far-sighted; -sæi,f. far sight; -sær,a.=-sýnn; -talaðr,pp. long-spoken; -úðigr,a.=-rækr; -vari, m. longduration til-vara, tolastlong; -vaxinn,pp. longish; -vé,n. guillemot, sea-hen; -viðri,n. long-continuedweather; -vinr,m. afriendoflongstanding; -vist,f. longstay;-vistum,asadv. stayinglong (vera-vistume-sstaðar); -æð, f. longduration; -æliga,adv. foralong time; -æligr,a. long-lasting; -ær,a.= -æligr (-ær friðr). lasinn,a., las-meyrr (-mærr),a. weak, feeble, decrepit. last, n. blame, vituperation. lasta (að), v. to blame, speak ill of. lasta-,gen.pl.from‘löstr’; -fullr, a. faulty,depraved (-fulltlíf); -lauss,a. faultless, guileless. lastan, f. reproach, blame. lastanar-orð, n. pl. words of blame. lastan-ligr, a. reprehensible. last-auðigr,a. vicious,evil; -ligr,a. disparaging; -mæli,n.pl. slander; -samr,a. slanderous; -varliga,adv. withoutguiltorsin; -varr,a. guilt-less, virtuous; -veri, f. righteousness. lata (að),v.impers.,e-mlatar, onebecomesslow,slackens;élinulatar, thesnowstorm abates. latína, f. Latin (language). latínu-bók,f., -bréf,n., -dikt,n. Latinbook,document,composition; -klerkr,m., -lærðr,pp. Latinclerk, scholar; -maðr,m.(1) Latin,Roman;(2) Latinscholar,Latinist; -mál,n.=-tunga; -skáldskapr,m. Latinpoetry; -stafrof,n. Latinalphabet; -tunga,f. Latin tongue.

lat-liga L lausn

lat-liga, adv. slowly, negligently.

latr, a. slow, lazy.

latún, n. latten, brass. lauðr,n.(1) lather;(2) froth,foamof the sea (alda lauðri faldin).

lauf, n. leaf, foliage.

laufa-dráttr,m. embroideryrepresenting leaves.

laufgaðr,pp. leafy,coveredwithleaves (mærðar timbr máli laufgat).

laufgast (að),v. tocomeintoleaf,put forth leaves.

lauf-grœnn,a. leaf-green,verdant; -segl,n.;siglameð-segli, totakethings easy; -skáli,m. arbour,bower; -steindr,pp. leaf-dyed,=-grœnn; -viðr,m. leafy wood.

laug (-ar, -ar),f.(1) bath;(2) hot spring (fyrir sunnan ána eru laugar).

lauga (að),v. tobathe (konalaugaði barnsitt); tocoat,overlay (skjöldrlaugaðr írauðugulli);refl.,laugast, tobathe,take a bath (laugaðist konungr í ánni Jordan).

laugar-aptann,m. Saturdayevening; -dagr,m. Saturday; -kveld,n.=-aptann; -morginn,m. Saturdaymorning; -nátt,f. Saturdaynight (thenightbetweenSaturdayandSunday); -vatn,n. bathing water.

lauka-garðr, m. leek-garden. laukr (-s, -ar), m. leek, garlic. laun, n. pl. reward, recomnpense. laun,f. secrecy,concealment;á(or með) laun, secretly.

laun-barn,n. naturalchild; -blót,n. secretworshipofthegods; -dyrr,f.pl. secretdoorway; -festar,f.pl. secretbetrothal; -fundr,m. secretmeeting; -getinn,pp. illegitimate,natural; -kárr,a. dealinginsecrets,mysterious; -kona,f. concubine; -koss,m. secret

kiss; -maðr,m. ahidden(sham)person; -mæli,n.pl. secrettalk; -ráð,n. secret device; -sát,f. ambush; -sátt,f. secret agreement; -stefna,f.=-fundr; -stigr, m. secretpath; -stuldr,m. pilfering, theft; -sætt,f.=-sátt; -tal,n. secret talk. launung,f. concealment,secrecy;af(á, með) launungu, secretly. laun-vágr,m. hiddencreek; -víg,n. secretmanslaughter; -þing,n.=-fundr, -stefna.

laupr (-s, -ar),m.(1) basket,box;(2) the framework of a building. lausa-brullaup,a. improvisedwedding; -búð,f. extemporizedbooth; -eyrir,m., -fé,n. movableproperty, chattels; -fjöl,f. looseboard; -góz,n. =-fé; -kjör,n.pl. looseconditions,void bargain; -klofi,m. diphthong; -klæði, n.pl. loose(outer)garments; -maðr,m. able-bodiedlabourerwhohasnofixed home; -mjöðm,f. atrickwiththehipin wrestling; -snjór,m. loosesnow; -taug, f. loose(reserve)strap; -viðr,m. loose logs,planks; -vísa,f. asingleverse (not forming part of a poem).

laus-beizlaðr,pp. loose-bridled; -eygr,a. withunsteadyeyes; -geðjaðr, -geðr,a. fickle-minded; -grýttr,a. with loosepebbles; -gyrðr,pp. loose-girthed, withoutabelt; -hárr,a. withloose(flowing) hair; -hugaðr, a. = -geðjaðr. lausingi (pl. -jar), m. = leysingi.

laus-leikr,m. looseness; -liga,adv. loosely; -ligr,a. loose,unsteady; -lyndi, n. loosenessofmind,fickleness; -læti,n. =-lyndi; -máll,a. looseorunreliableof speech; -mælgi,f. loosenessofspeech; -mæli, n. pl. breach of word. lausn (-ar, -ir),f.(1) release,libera-

tion;(2) ransom;(3) absolutionfrombanor sin (hanntóklausnafsjálfumpáfanum); (4) releasefromaduty;(5) decision, judgemnent (segjaframlausnirmála); eiga lausn á máli, to decide in a case. lausnari, m. the Redeemer. lausnar-mark,n. badgeofredemption; -tíðindi, n. pl. loose news. laus-orðr, a. = -máll. lauss,a.(1) loose,opp.to‘fastr’, ‘bundinn’(honhafðilaustháritsem meyjumertítt);verðal., togetloose;eldr varðl., firebrokeout;látae-tlaust, to letloose,yieldup;liggjalaustfyrir, tobe easytoseizeupon;(2) free,unimpeded, unencumbered (gakkþúl.yfirbrúna);ríða l., toridewithoutbaggage;(3) disengaged (free)from,withgen.(viterumlausirallrasvardaga);(4) void,riotbinding (nú erlausveðjanokkar);(5) vacant (viljum vérgefayðrOlafskirkju,þvíathóner núlaus);(6) light (l.svefn);(7) empty, withoutacargo (siglalausumskipum);(8) movable;löndoklausiraurar, landsand movableproperty;(9) absolvedfromban; (10)incompds.mostlysuffixedtoa subst.,ofteningen., -less (mein-,sak-, vit-lauss, athuga-, auðnu-, lýta-lauss).

laus-tœkr, a. easily taken. lausung,f.(1) ‘leasing’,lying,falsehood; (2) loose life, life of a libertine. lausungar-fullr,a. thoughtless,inconsiderate; -guð,n. falsegod; -kona,f. loosewoman; -maðr,m. libertine; -orð, n. deceit. laus-yrði,n.andf. loose(unreliable) talk (lausyrði ok lygi). laut, f. hollow place. lax (pl. laxar), m. salmon. lax-á,f. salmonriver; -ganga,f. shoals ofsalmonenteringrivers; -veiðr,f.

salmon-fishing.

laz, n. lace (for. word).

laza (að), v. to adorn with lace. lá (pl. lár),f. thelineofshoalwater along the shore. lá, f. (?) blood, (?) warmth. láð, n. poet. land. láð-maðr, m. loadsmnan, pilot. láfi, m. threshing-floor, barn floor. lág, f. a felled tree, log. lága-messa,f., -söngr,m. the‘low chant’ (in the Roman Catholic Mass). lá-garðr, m. the surf (cf. ‘lá’).

lág-lendi,n. lowland,flatland; -liga, adv. lowly,gently; -ligr,a. lowinstature; -mæltr, pp. low-spoken, low-voiced. lágr (lægri, lægstr),a.(1) low,low down (þáersólerlágumkveldit);bera lágthöfuðit, tocarrytheheadlow,bediscomfited;faralægra, tobelowered,humbled;(2) short (höggspjótáláguskafti), shortofstature (lágrsemdvergrokdigr); (3) low,humble (lágratburðum);beralægrahlut, togettheworstofit,beworsted; (4) low,ofthevoice(hannsvararokheldr lágt).

lág-raustaðr,a. low-voiced; -skeptr, pp. withashorthandle; -talaðr,pp. speakinginalowvoice; -vaxinn,pp. short of stature.

lámr, m. hand, paw. lán,n.(1) loan;atláni,asaloan;hafa atláni,togetoncredit;(2)fief;hafaat láni = hafa at léni.

lána (að),v. tolend (þettaerlánsfé,er ymsir menn hafa lánat mér).

lánar-drottinn,m. liege-lord,lord, master (hannþóttivelhafafylgtsínum lánardróttni).

lán-fé,n. lent(borrowed)money; -hross,n. borrowedhorse; -klæði,n.pl.

borrowed clothes. láns-fé, n. = lánfé. lás-bogi, m. crossbow. lás-lausa, a. unlocked. láss (pl. lásar),m. lock;hurðinvarí lási, the door was locked. lás-ör, f. crossbow bolt. lát,n.(1) loss (þeirsögðukonungil. sitt);(2) death,decease (eksegiþérl. Eyvindarbróðurþíns);(3)inpl. manners;skiptalitumoklátum, tochange colour and manners. láta (læt; let, létum; látinn),v. (1) toset,put,place (l.hestástali);l.enímyrkvastofu, tothrustinprison(dungeon);l.e-tíljós, tomakeitknown;l.e-t afe-u, totakeoff (vóruþálátnirfjötraraf Hallfreði);(2) tocede,giveup (hannvildieigil.þennabest);l.hlutsinn, tolet goone’sshare,beworsted;(3) toleave,forsake (biðrhann,atþeirlátiblótin);hann ætlaðiatl.dróttninginaeina, heintendedtodivorcethequeen;(4) tolose (hann hafðilátitflestalltliðokherfangallt);alsowithdat.(l.lífi,fjörvi);(5)withinfin. tolet,make,cause;látitmikvita, let meknow;eklétdrepaÞóri, ImadeTh. tobekilled;l.sérfáttumfinnast, todisapprove;hannlétfallast(=sikfalla), he lethimselffall;(6)withpp.,incircumlocutoryphrases;hannlétverðafarit, he went;hannléthanaverðatekna, he seizedher;ellipt.,omittingtheinfin.,l. ummælt, toletbesaid,todeclare;hann létharðanHundingveginn, heslewthe starkH.;(7) tobehave,comportoneself (forvitnierméráhversuþeirláta);hann létillaísvefni, hewasrestlessinhissleep; l.allstórliga, tomakeoneselfbig;l.hljótt yfire-u, tokeepsilenceaboutathing;l. mikitumsik, topuffoneselfup;(8)l.

sem tomakeasif (hannlætrsemhann sjáiekkisveinana);(9) toestimate,value (fátterbetrlátitenefnierutil);(10) to express,say (Þorfinnrbóndilétheimilt skyldupat);(11) tosound,giveasound; háttkveðiþér,enþóléthærraatgeirrinn, youspeakloud,butyetthebillgavealoudersound;(12)withpreps.;l.afe-u, to leaveoff,desistfrom (sumirlétuafblótum);absol.,l.af, tocease;l.afhendi, to letoutofone’shands,deliverup;l.féaf, tokill(slaughter)cattle;l.aptr, toshut (l. aptrhurðina);l.ate-u, toyieldto,comply with (allirþeir,eratmínumorðumláta); l.atstjórn, toobeythehelm (ofaship);l. e-teptir, toleavebehind (þeirlétumenu eptiratgætaskipa);l.eptire-m, tomimic,ape (munGíslihafalátiteptirfíflinu); l.e-teptire-m, togrant,indulgeoneina thing (látþúþettaeptirmér);l.fyrire-u, togiveway,yield (þeirmunuverðafyrir atl.,efvérleggjumsköruligaat);l.íhaf, toputouttosea;l.e-tímóte-m, notto indulgeone;l.e-ttil, togrant (heimtmun brátthitmeira,efþettaertillátit);l.til viðe-n, toyield(giveway)toone (þeir báðuhanntill.viðkonung);l.undanem, toyieldtoone (ekskalhvergiundan þérl.);l.upp, toopen (l.upphurð); tolet onegetup (eptirþatlétK.þennamann upp);l.e-tuppi, togrant (ertusaklauss, efþúlætruppivistina);l.e-tút, toletout; l.út(skipsitt), toputtosea (síðanlétu þeirútoksigldutilNoregs);l.vel(illa) yfire-u, toexpressapproval(disapproval) ofathing (hannlætrvelyfirþví);(13)refl.,látast, todie,perish (hérhefirlátist NjállokBergþóraoksynirþeirraallir); to declareofoneself,profess,pretend (allirlétust honum fylgja vilja). látaðr, a. mannered (l. vel).

lát-bragð,n. bearing,manners,deportment; -góðr, well-mannered,courteous; -gœði, n. fine manners.

látinn,pp.(1) deceased,dead;(2)vel l., highlyesteemed,ingoodrepute;(3)l. við e-u, ready; vel fyrir l., well prepared. lát-prúðr, a. of gentle bearing. -látr,a. -mannered,-minded (fá-,lítil-, marg-, mikil-látr).

látrast (að), v. refl. to go to rest. lát-œði, n. bearing, deportment. lávarðr (-s, -ar), m. lord, master. lé (dat.andacc. ljá;pl. ljár),m. scythe (þeir hjuggust með ljám).

lé-barn, n. infant, baby. lé-denging, f. scythe-sharpening.

leðr,n. skin,leather; -blaka,f. bat; -flaska,f. leatherbottle; -hosa,f. leatherhose; -panzari,m. leatherjacket (as a defence).

leg, n. burial-place, = legstaðr. lega, f. lying in bed. lé-garðr, m. swath.

legáti, m. (papal) legate.

leggja (legg, lagða, lagiðr, lagðr, laginn),v.(1) tolay,place (Márhafði lagthöfuðsittíknéRannveigar);l.net, tolayanet;(2) toput;l.eldí, toputfire to;l.söðuláhest, toputasaddleona horse;l.árarupp, tolayuptheoars,give uppulling;l.ofansegi, tohauldown,take inthesails;l.atjörðu,atvelli(or við jörðu,viðvelli), tooverthrow,slay,kill;l. hlutsinn, toloseone’slot,beworsted;(3) tolay,drop,ofabeast(hvelparnir,ereigivórulagðir);(4) tolay,make,build;l. garða, tomakefences;(5) toappoint,fix (l. stefnu,leika,bardaga);(6) totax,value (hannlagðihálftlanditfyrirsextigisilfrs);l.e-núgildan, toawardnofinefor, putnopriceon;l.atléttu, tomakelight

of;(7) tosettle;l.sakar, tosettlestrife;l. lög, tolaydownlaws;l.leiðsína, totake adirection;hannlagðimjökkvámursínar íÖgr, hewasinthehabitofcomingoften toO.;(8) toallot,assign (þérmunlagit verðaatveraeinvaldskonungryfirNoregi);hvatmuntillíknalagtSigurði, what comfortisthereappointedforS.?;þérvar lengralíflagit, alongerlifewasdestined forthee;(9) tolayout,pay,discharge;l.at veði, togiveasbail;l.áhættu, torisk;l.á mikinnkostnað, torunintogreatexpenses;l.lífá, tostakeone’slifeonathing;l. fétilhöfuðse-m, tosetapriceonone’s head;(10) tolayaship’scourse,standof oron,sail,absol.,ortheshipindat.or acc.,léthannblásaherblástrokl.útór höfninni, andsailedoutoftheharbour; l.at, toland (lagðihannatviðSundólfsstaði);inanavalbattle, toattack (lögðu þeirþáatþeim);l.undirland, tostandin towardsland;fig. togivein;l.(skip)írétt, todriftorrunbeforethewind;(11) toset off,start;l.áflótta, totaketoftight;l.eptir e-m, topursue;l.upp, tostartonajourney;(12) tostab,thrust,withaweapon(Þ. leggrhannspjótitilbana);(13)impers. it turns,isdriveninadirection (ofsmoke, smell,fire);hingatleggrallanreykinn, allthesmokeblowshitherward; tofreeze over,becoveredwithsnoworice (þáerísa lagðiávötn);l.nær, tobeonthebrinkof; nærlagðiþatúfœrueinusinni, ithadwell nighcometoadisaster;(14)withpreps.; l.e-taf, tocede,giveup (H.bróðirhans lagðiafviðhannsinnpartíeyjunni); to leaveoff,desistfrom (leggafhéðanafversagørð,sagðierkibiskup);l.affénað, to slaughtercattle;l.e-taptr, togiveback,return (báðumikleggjaaptrtaflit);l.at,l. atlandi, toland;l.ate-m, toattack;l.e-t

áe-n, toimpose,lay(aburden,tax)upon one (l.skatt,skyldir,yfirbótáe-n);l.e-t áviðe-n=l.e-táe-n;l.stund,kapp,hug áe-t, totakepainsabout,greatinterestin, athing;l.ást,elsku,mæturáe-t, tofeel love,affection,interestforathing,tocherishathingorperson;l.fæð,öfund,hatr á, totakedislike,envy,hatredto;l.móti e-m, tooppose,contradictone;l.e-ttil, to furnish,contribute,asone ’sshare(hvern styrkhefirmóðirmíntillagitmeðþér?); l.fátttil, tosaylittle,bereserved;l.loftil, togivepraiseto;l.gott(illt)tile-s, tolay agood(orill)wordtoone,tointerferein afriendly(orunfriendly)manner;l.e-ttil lofse-m, toputathingtoaperson’scredit; l.e-ttilorðs, totalkabout;l.e-me-ttil ámælis,orðs, toblameoneforathing;l.etundir or undirsik, toconquer,vanquish (Knútrkonungrlagðialltlandundirsik íNoregi);l.e-tundire-n, tosubmitamattertoaperson,referto (þeirhöfðulagit málundirNjál);l.undirtrúnaðe-s, to trust;okerþatmjökundirhannlagit, it dependsmuchonhim;l.e-tundirþegnskapsinn, toassertonone’shonour;l.e-t uppviðe-n, tohandovertoone;l.e-teigilangtupp, nottomakemuchof,tomake light of(eigileggekslíktlangtupp);l.etviðe-t, toaddto (l.aðratöluviðaðra); l.viðlífsitt,höfuðsitt, tostakeone’slife; l.viðsekt, tofixafine;(15)refl.,leggjast, tolayoneself;l.niðr, toliedown;to passoutofuse,cease;þeirhöfðulagizttil svefns, theyweregonetosleep;l.ísótt, tofallsick,taketobed (fromillness);l. áe-t, tofallupon (ofrobbers,beastsof prey);l.á, toarise (munsáorðrómrál., at);l.fyrir, totakerest,liedown (lögðust þáfyrirbæðimennokhestarafúviðri); fyrirl.ume-t, togiveitup;l. or l.til

sunds, toswim (Grettirlagðistnúinná fjörðinn);l.íhernaðvíking, tosetouton afreebootingexpedition;l.út, tosetout intothewilderness (asahighwayman);l. e-teigiundirhöfuð, nottolayitunder one’spillow,nottoneglectorforgetit;eigi lagðistmjökámeðþeimbrœðrum, they werenotongoodterms;lítitleggstfyriren, onehasbutapoordestiny (lítitlagðist núfyrirkappann,þvíathannkafnaðií stofureyksemhundr);recipr.,l.hendrá, tolayhandsononeanother;l.hugiá, to takealikingforeachother;l.nær, torun closeuptooneanother (oftwoboats);l. niðrfé, toslaughtersheep (haffrjálstþat, sem þú hefir niður lagt af fé váru).

leggja-,gen.pl.from‘leggr’; -brot, n.pl. piecesofboneinabrokenleg; -bönd, n. pl. leg-straps. leggr (-jar, -ir),m.(1) hollowbone (of armsandlegs);(2) leg;komastálegg, togrowup (þávórusynirhansvelálegg komnir);(3) stemofaplant;(4) shankof an anchor; (5) shaft of a spear. leg-kaup, n. burial-fee. leg-orð, n. lying with a woman. legorðs-sök, f. a case of leg-orð. leg-ró,f. restinbed; -staðr,m. burial-place; -steinn, m. tombstone. legu-nautr, m. bed-mate, mess-mate. leið (-ar, -ir),f.(1) way (fara,ríða leiðsína or leiðarsinnar);(2) way,road (áskóginumvórutvennarleiðir);þarer leiðirskildi, wheretheroadsparted;(3) course (onthesea);segjaleið, topilot;(4) adverb.phrases,komae-utilleiðar or á leið, tobringabout;skipastábetril., to changetoabetterway;áþál., inthiswise, thus;framál.,ál.fram, further,allalong; afterwards,forthetimetocome;(5) levy; leiðar at biðja, to call out a levy.

leið,f. alocalassembly (intheIcelandic Commonwealth).

leiða (-dda, -ddr),v.(1) tolead,conduct (ÓlafrkonungrleiddiKjartantil skips);l.uppskip, todragashipashore; (2)fig.,l.augum(sjónum), tobehold;l. hugum, toconsider;l.hugaate-u, to mark,note;l.spurningumatume-t, to inquire;l.getumume-t, toguessata thing;l.ástum, tolove;l.afe-u, toresult from;(3)gramm. topronounce (þvíat hannleiddieigisvásemtíðaster);(4) tobury,leadtothegrave (Steinarrleiddi hann uppi í holtum).

leiða (-dda, -ddr),v.(1)l.e-me-t, to makeapersonloatheoravoidathing;(2) refl.,leiðaste-t(acc.), toloathe,gettired of (leiðistmanngigott,efgetr);impers., e-mleiðist, onefeelsdiscontented (man honumleiðast,efdeildrerverðrinn); mérleiðiste-t, Iamtiredof (leiðistmönnum opt á at heyra).

leiðangr (gen. -rs),m.(1) levy,esp. bysea(includingmen,shipsandmoney);bjóðaútleiðangri, tolevymenand shipsforwar (bjóðaútleiðangriatmönnumokvistum);hafal.úti, tomakeasea expedition; (2) war contribution, war tax. leiðangrs-far,n. levy-ship; -ferð,f. warexpedition; -fólk,n. leviedfolk; -gørð,f. raisingalevy; -lið,n. levied army; -maðr, m. levied man. leiðar-dagr,m. thedayonwhichthe leið washeld; -morgunn,m. themorning of that day.

leiðar-nesti,n. viands; -steinn,m. loadstone; -stjarna,f. lodestar; -sund, n. strait,passage; -vísir,m. guide; -víti, n. a fine for default in respect of a levy. leiðar-völlr, m. = leiðvöllr. leiði,n.(1) leadingwind,fairwind (þeir

fengugottl.);(2) tomb (Svíargrétuyfirl. hans).

leið, n. irksomeness. leiði-fífl, n. a fool to be led about. leiði-gjarn, a. wearisome. leiði-ligr, a. hideous. leiðindi,n.pl.(1) loathing,dislike;leggjal.áviðe-n, totakeadisliketoaperson; (2) an unpleasant thing. leiðing, f. leading, persuasion. leiðinga-maðr,m. aneasilyledperson (=leiðitamrmaðr); -samr,a. easilyled, pliable (= leiðitamr).

leiðin-liga,adv. hideously; -ligr,a. hideous (knoa ljót ok leiðinlig).

leiði-orð,n.pl. walkingandtalking with a person; -tamr, a. easy to be led. leið-mót, n. the leið meeting. leiðr,a. loathed,disliked (l.e-m);e-m er e-t leitt, one dislikes a thing. leið-rétta (-rétta, -réttr),v. toput right,mend,correct; -rétting,f. setting right,correction; -saga,f. guidance,direction,esp. piloting; -sagari,m. guide, esp. pilot. leiðsagnar-maðr, m. = leiðsagari. leiðsla,f.(1) guidance,leading;(2) burial, interment.

leið-stafir, m. pl. loathsome runes. leið-sögn, f. = leiðsaga.

leiðsögu-maðr,m. guide,pilot = leiðsagnarmaðr.

leið-togi,m. guide; -vísi,f. knowing the course (on the sea).

leið-víti, n. = leiðarvíti.

leið-völlr,m. thefieldwherethe leið was held. leifa (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) toleave (food) over; toleaveasheritage (hannleifðihonumlöngoklausa-fé);(2) toleavebehind, relinquish,abandon (þeirleifðuskipiní

Raumsdal).

leifar,f.pl.(1) leavings,remnants,esp. offood;(2) effect,result (illagefastills ráðs leifar).

leiga (-ða, -ðr),v. tohire,rent;l.e-tat e-m, to hire from a person.

leiga,f.(1) hire,rent,opp.to ‘innstœða’(capital);byggjaféáleigu, to letmoneyoutatinterest;leggjaleigueptir höfn, topayaharbourduty;(2) wages,pay (kallast hann engrar leigu makligr).

leig-lendingr, m. tenant. leigu-ból,n. rentedfarm; -fé,n. hired cattle; -fœrr,a. fittobehiredout; -land,n. rentedland; -lauss,a. rent free,withoutinterest; -liði,m., -maðr, m. tentant; -mál,n. agrementastorent, lease; -prestr,m. hiredpriest,curate; -staðr,m. aplacewheremoneyisinvested, investment.

leika (leik; lék, lékum; leikinn), v.(1) toplay (viðskulumnúl.fyrst);l. leik, toplayaplay;l.tveimskjöldum, toplayadoublegame;l.ate-u, toplay (amuseoneself)with (Katlasatoklékat hafrisínum);l.attafli, toplayatchess; l.sér, toplay (hannléksérþáennágólfi meðöðrumbörnum);(2) toperform,of afeatoractofprowess(enekhygg,at engiannarrfáiþatleikit);(3) tomove, swing,wavetoandfro,hangloosely (l. álopti);landitskalfsemáþræðiléki, asifbalancedonastring;(4)offlame, fire,water,waves, toplaylightlyaboutor over,lick (eldrtókatl.húsin);eldrinnlék skjótt, thefirespreadfast;leikrhárhitiviðhiminsjálfan, theloftyblazeplays againsttheveryheavens;fig.,e-mleikretískapi(ímun), onefeelsinclinedto,has amindto (þatleikrmérískapiatkaupaÍslandsfar);(5) todeal(hardly)with,to (ill-)treat (l.e-nilla,hart,sárt,sárliga); (6) toplayatrickupon,delude,=l.áen(djöfullinnleikrþáalla);(7) tobewitch, esp.inpp.(maðrsávarleikinnafflagði einu);(8)withpreps.,l.áe-n, toplay atrickupon (mjökhefirþúáossleikit); fig.,lékþatorðá,at, itwasrumoured, that;e-mleikröfundá, toenvy;e-mleikr hugrá, tohaveamindto;þarleikrminn hugrá, mymindisbentuponthat;hónsegirföðursínumumhvatatl.er, shetold herfatherhowthingsstood;l.e-nút,esp. inpp., toill-treat (konungrsérnúÁka, hversuhannerútleikinn);l.viðe-n, to playwithone;l.við, tocontinue (meinit hafðlengiviðleikit);(9)refl.,leikast, to beperformed,done;efþatmál., ifthiscan bedone;leikstáe-n, itgoesagainstone, hegetstheworstofit (mjökhefirleikizt áminnhluta);l.við, toplayoneagainst theother,playamatch;höfðuþeirleikizt viðbarnaleikum,meðanþeirvóruungir, they had been playmates. leika (pl. leiku), n. plaything, doll. leika,f.(1)=leika,n.;(2) play-sister (vér vórum leikur vetr níu).

leikandi, f. (1) pulley; (2) sport, jest. leikara-skapr, m. scurrility. leikari, m. player, jester. leik-blandinn,pp. sportive; -borð,n. play-board; -bróðir, m. playmate. leik-dómr, m. laity, = leikfólk. leik-fang,n. wrestling; -félagi,m. play-fellow; -ferð, f. sport. leik-fólk, n. lay-folk, laity. leikinn, a. playful, gay. leik-ligr, a. lay; -maðr, m. layman. leik-maðr, m. player. leikmann-ligr, a. lay. leik-mikill,a. playful,merry; -mót, n. ‘play-meeting’,publicathleticsports;

-mær, a. play-sister.

leikr (-s, -ar),m. game,play,sport;láta(vinna)leikinn, tolose(win)thegame; ánýjaleik, anew;viðillanleik, narrowly, withanarrowescape (þeirkómustþaryfir viðillanleik);hannsegirþeimhvatleika (gen.),hvatíleikumer, hetoldthemwhat thegamewas,whatwasthematter;leikr ergörrtile-s, apersonisaimedat,isthe markofanattack;geraleiktile-s, tomock one. leikr, a. lay (lærðir ok leikir).

leik-skáli,m. play-shed; -stefna,f. =leikmót; -sveinn,m. playmate; -vald, n. laypower,laity; -völlr,m. playground.

leiptr (gen. leiptrar,pl. leiptrir), f. lightning flash. leiptra (að), v. to flash, shine.

leir, n. clay, loam, mud. leira, f. muddy shore, mud-flat. leir-bakki,m. clayeybank; -búð,f. claybooth; -depill,m. clayeyspot; -gata,f. clayeypath; -kelda,f. clay-pit; -ligr,a. ofclay; -maðr,m. clayman; -óttr, a. = leirugr.

leir-pottr, m. earthen pot. leirr, m. = leir.

leir-stokkinn, pp. mud-splashed. leiru-bekkr, m. muddy brook. leirugr, a. clayey, muddy. leista-brœkr,f.pl. trousersandstockingsinonepiece,longhose; -lauss,a. withoutafoot-pieceorsock (leistalausar brœkr).

leistr (-s, -ar), m. stocking-foot, sock. leit,f.(1) search;faraál.e-s, togo insearchofathing;(2) exploringparty, search-party (jarl var sjálfr í leitinni).

leita (að),v.(1) toseek,search,with gen.(heraðsmennleituðuhennarokfun-

duhanaeigi);l.e-me-s, toseek(tryto get)athingforone (l.e-mkvánfangs);l. sérlífs, toseektosaveone’slife;(2) to seekforhelp (vilek,atþúleitiraldriannarraenmín,efþúþarftnökkursvið); l.ráða, toseekforadvice;(3) toact(proceed)towardsone;efyðarerillaleitat, if youarechallenged;(4) totrytogo,proceedonajourney;l.brautórlandi, togo abroad;l.áfunde-s, tovisitaperson;(5) toseek,try,withinfin.(þáleitaðiKálfrat flytjabrœðrsínaofantilskips);(6)with preps.,l.ate-m, toseekforaperson,=l. e-s(varþáleitatatlækninum);l.atum e-t=l.eptirume-t;l.áe-n, toattackor assailone,toblameorreprehendone;l.á, totry,makeanattempttogetathing (hvar skuluvitál.?);l.áumkvánfang, tolook forawife;l.eptire-u, toseekfor;l.eptirmáli, tofollowacase,takeitup;l.eptir ume-t, toinquireinto;l.eptirviðe-n, to inquireofaperson;l.fyrirsér, tosaveoneselfbyflight (leggjumáflótta,verðrnú hverratl.fyrirsér);l.e-sí, totry,make anattempt (varþámargsíleitat);l.tiles, toseekfor,=l.e-s(aldrileitaðihanntil griðanéundankomu);l.ume-t=l.atum e-t, toexamine (varþáleitatumsármanna); totrytogetoreffect (l.umsættir);l. e-sviðe-n, toapplytooneforathing (l. ráðaviðe-n);l.viðe-t, totry;l.viðför, to trytogetaway;l.viðatgørae-t, totryto doathing (hannvildiviðl.atmæla);(7) refl.,leitastum, tomakeasearch,examine (leituðustþeirþáumokfunduhurðí gólfinu).

leiti, n. hill, elevation, height. leizla, f. = leiðsla.

leizlu-drykkja, f. drinking-party. leka (lek; lak, lákum; lekit),v.(1) todrip,dribble (afþeimlegi,erlekithafði

lekaðr L lesa

órhausiHeiðdraupnis);(2) toleak,be leaky (húsit, skipit, keraldit lekr).

lekaðr, pp. leaky (lekat skip).

lekast (að), v. refl. to spring a leak. leki,m. leakage,leak;kómaþálekarat skipinu, the ship sprang a leak. lekr, a. leaky (skipin vóru lek).

lektari, m. lectern, reading desk. lembdr, pp. with lamb (lembd ær).

lemja (lem, lamda, lamiðr),v.(1) to thrash,flog,beat (þeirlömduhannnáligatilbótleysis);(2)l.niðr, tobeatdown, suppress (hafavaldtilþessatniðrl.allan máttillgjarnraanda);(3)refl. tobeseverelyinjured (svámikithögg,at haussinn lamdist).

lemstr, m. lameness, infirmity. lén,n.(1) fief,fee (haldalöndoklén afkonungi);(2) royalgrantoremolument; (3) royalrevenue;(4) shareofgoodthings (sumir hafa lítit lén eða lof).

léna,f. padorcushionwhichisplaced under a pack-saddle. lend (pl. -ir and -ar), f. loin, rump. lenda (-da, -nt),v.(1) toland,with dat.(l.báti,skipi);(2) toland,cometo land (síðanlenduþeiruppfráBakka);(3) impers.,e-mlendirsaman, toclash,come intoconflict (munekekkiletja,atosslendisaman);e-ulendir, tocometoanend; þarlendirþessiviðrœðu,at, theendof this talk was, that. lenda, f. land, estate. lenda-verkr, m. lumbago. lend-borinn,pp. sprungfromthelanded gentry. lending, f. landing, landing-place. lendr,a.(1) landed;l.maðr, ‘landedman’,holdinglandoremolumentsfromthe king;(2)incompds.(í-lendr,inn-,sam-, út-).

lengd,f. length (ofspaceandtime); tillengdar, long,foralongtime;nú(or í bráð) ok lengdar, for now and hereafter. lengi (lengr, lengst),adv. long,fora longtime;ofl., toolong;lengrenskemr, ratherlongthanshort,foragoodwhile; withgen.,l.vetrar, foragreatpartofthe winter.

lenging,f. lengthening;lífsl., maintenance of life. lengja (-da, -dr),v. tolengthen (l.líf sitt);varlengtnafnhans, anadditionwas madetohisname;hvatþarfþatl., what needtomakealongstory?;impers. tobecome longer (um vetrinn er daga lengdi).

lengja, f. a long piece, strip. lengr, adv. compar., see ‘lengi’. lengra,adv.compar. toagreater length; farther, further. lengrum,adv.compar. longer,farther; for a longer time. lengstum,adv.superl. mostly,mostof the time (hann var þó l. á Grjótá).

leó, león, n. lion. leoparðr, léparðr, m. leopard. leppr (-s, -ar),m.(1) lockofhair (fá mérleppatváórháriþínu);(2) rag,tatter (leppr rotinn).

lérept, n. linen, linen cloth. lerka (að),v. tolacetight (hosur lerkaðaratbeini);fig.,lerkaðr, bruised, contused (l. af höggum).

les, n. lesson (in divine service).

lesa (les; las, lásum; lesinn),v.(1) topickup,gather (l.hnetr,ber,aldin); l.saman, togather,glean (l.samanaxhelmur);l.upp, topickup;(2) tograsp, catch (eldrinnlasskjótttróðviðinn);l.sik upp, tohauloneselfup (hannlassikskjótt uppeptirøxarskaptinu);(3) toknit,embroider;(4) toread (l.ábók);l.fram,l.

upp, toreadaloud;l.um(of)e-n, tospeak (evil) of one (l. fár um e-n).

les-bók,f. lesson-book; -djákn,m. readingclerk; -kórr,m. reading-desk, lectern.

lesningr, m. reading. lest,f.(1) burden,cargo;(2) trainof packhorses. lesta (-sta, -str),v. toinjure,damage (l.skipsitt);refl.,lestast, tobeinjured, damaged (féllhannafbakioklestistfótr hans).

lesti,adv.,onlyinthephrase,ál., last, at last. lestr, m. and f. reading. lest-reki, m. agent, manager. leti,f. sloth,laziness; -fullr,a. slovenly; -svefn, m. sleep of sloth. letja (let; latta, lóttum; lattr), v. toholdback,dissuade (onefromsomething),l.e-ne-s(Björnlattiferðar;konungrfóreigiatsíðr);refl.,letjast, to becomeloth,unwilling (þrællinntókatl. mjök á starfanum).

lé-torfa, f. a turf cut with a scythe. letr,n. letters,writing; -ligr,a. literal; -list, f. art of writing. létta (-tta, -ttr),v.(1)withacc. to lighten (l.skipin);(2)withdat. tolift (þá léttiköttrinneinumfœti);(3)l.e-u, to desistfrom,leaveoff;l.ferðsinni, tostop one’sjourney,tohalt;alsoabsol.,þeirléttueigi(theystoppednot,haltednot)fyrr enþeirkómuíSkaptártungur;l.afe-u, l.afatgørae-t, toleaveoffdoing,give up (hannléttiraldregiafslíktatvinna); l.afhernaði, toleaveofffreebooting;l. undan, towithdraw,retreat (svákomþví máli,atSigvaldiléttiundan);(4) torelieve,ease (hannléttihansmeinimeð mikilliíþrótt);(5)impers.,e-mléttir, one

isrelieved,eased (ofpain,illness);sótt (dat.)léttir,léttirafsóttinni, theillness (fever)abates;withthepersonindat., theillnessingen.honumléttibráttsóttarinnar, hesoonrecoveredfromtheillness;l.upp, toclearup,abate,esp.of theweather;storminum(hríðinni)léttir upp, thestorm(snowstorm)abates;(6)refl.,léttast, tobelightened,cleared,ofthe sky(hinnsyðrihlutrléttist);impers.,emléttist=e-mléttir, oneisrelieved, eased (léttisthonumheldr,okvaráfótum þrjá daga).

létta-bragð,n. cheerfullook (gøraá sér -bragð); -sótt, f. child-labour. létt-brúnn, -brýnn,a. ofcheerful look; -búinn,pp. lightlyclad; -bærr,a. easytobear; -fleygr,a. swift,fleetwinged; -fœrr,a. nimble,fleet; -hjalaðr, pp. spoken of with ease. létti,m.(1) alleviation,relief,ease;(2) readiness;aflétta, readily,withoutreserve (hann sagði allt af létta).

létti-liga,adv.(1) lightly (búasik -liga);(2) readily,withgoodwill (dróttningtókkveðjuhans-liga); -möttull, m. light mantle.

léttir, m. alleviation, relief.

létti-skip,n., -skúta,f. alight,fleet ship; -vinátta, f. good friendship. létt-klæddr,pp. lightlyclad; -látr, a. affable; light-mannered; -leikr,m. lightness,agility; -liga,adv.(1) lightly; (2) easily;(3) cheerfully,readily (takaeuléttliga); -ligr,a. light; -lífr,a. living aneasylife (e-mer-líft); -læti,n. affability, friendliness (cf. ‘léttlátr’).

léttlætis-kona, f. loose woman. létt-mæltr, pp. spoken with ease. léttr,a.(1) light,opp.to‘þungr’;(2) active,nimble (l.ásér);veraáléttasta

skeiði, tobeatone’smostactiveage;ek emnúafléttastaskeiði, Iampastmybest years;(3) unencumbered,free;verðaléttari(atbarni), tobedeliveredofachild;emverðrharmssínsléttara, oneiseasedof one’sgrief;(4) light,easy (mœddisthann fyrirþeimokgekkþeimléttara);varveðr létt, thewindwaslight;(5) cheerful,gladsome (varkonungrþál.íöllumrœðum); e-msegireigilétthugrume-t, onehas apprehensions;(6) ofsmallvalue;leggjaet í léttan stað, to think lightly of. létt-úð,f. light-heartedness; -úðigr, a. light-hearted; -vígr,a.;e-mer-vígt, one finds it easy to fight. leyfa (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) togiveleaveto, allow,permit (leyfiþérhonumatfarasem honumgegnirbezt);(2) topraise (atkveldi skal dag leyfa).

leyfi, n. leave, permission. leyfi-ligr, a. permitted, allowed. leyna (-da, -dr),v.(1) tohide,conceal; l.e-ne-u, tohide,concealathingfrom one;(2)refl.,leynast, tohideoneself,be concealed;l.ate-m, tostealuponaperson, attack by stealth; l. í brott, to steal away. leynd,f. secrecy,concealment,hiding; með l., af l., secretly. leyndar-bréf,n. secretletter; -klefi, -kofi,m. closet; -limr,m. theprivy member; -maðr,m.=-vinr; -mál,n. secretaffair,asecret; -staðr,m. hiding place; -tal,n. secrettalk (eiga-talviðen); -vinr, m. secret friend. leyndr,pp. secret;leyndrstaðr=leyndarstaðr.

leyni,n. hiding-place; -bragð,n. secretplot; -dyrr,f.pl. secretdoor; -fjörðr,m. hiddenfjord; -gata,f. secret path; -gröf,f. hiddenpit; -herað,n. secludeddistrict; -liga,adv. secretly;

-ligr,a. hidden,secret; -stigr,m.=-gata; -vágr,m. hiddencreek; -vega,m. secret way. leysa (-ta, -tr),v(1) toloose,loosen, untie,undo (tókSkrýmirokleystinestbaggasinn);l.knút, toundoaknot;(2) impers. isdissolved,breaksup (skipit leysiundirþeim);snjó,ísleysir, thesnow thaws,theicebreaksup;árnar(vötn) leysir or ísaleysirafvötnum, theice breaksupontherivers;(3) toabsolve (biskupsagðisteigimegaleyasþá);(4) tofree,setfree,release (l.e-nóránauð, afþræildómi);(5) todischarge,pay (bœndrhetujarlistórféatl.þatgjald,erá varkveðit);(6)l. or l.afhendi, toperform,do (velhefirþúleystþitterendi); (7) toredeem,purchase (vilekl.landit tilmín);(8) tosolve (adifficulty);hann leystihversmannsvandræði, hehelped everymanindistress;(9) tosendaway, dismiss (Oddrleysirmennþaðanmeð góðumgjöfum);(10) togetridof,dispatch (seintsœkistvárumfélagaatl.þenna úkunnamann);(11)withpreps.and advs.,l.e-nbrott, todismiss (leystiÁsmundrhannbrottmeðgóðumgjöfum); l.e-nfráe-u, toridoneofathing;l.ór e-u, tosolve,explain,answer (K.leysti órþvíöllufroðliga,semhannspurði);l. e-tsundr, todissolve;l.e-nundane-u toreleasefrom,aquitof;l.e-nút toredeem (mávera,atþúnáiratl.hannút héðan); todismissguests (leystikonungrþáútmeðsœmiligumgjöfum); topay out (leysitHöskuldrútféhans);(12)refl. leysast, todecompose (tókholdþeirraat þrútnaokl.afkulda); toabsentoneself (leystistþúsváhédannæstum,atþérvar engivánlífsafmér);fig. togetoneself clear (meguvéreigiannatætla,en

leysast af nökkuru eptir slfk stórvirki).

leysingi (gen. -ja), m. freedman. leysingja, f. freedwoman.

lið,n.(1) host,folk,people;fyrðal., the people;þeirvóruallireinsliðs, theywere allofoneparty;veraeinnsinsliðs, tobe alone;(2) family,household (liðmitter heimabjarglaust);(3) troops,host;samna liði, togathertroops;(4) aid,assistance; veitae-mlið, toaid;komae-matliði, to come to one ’ s assistance. lið, n. poet. (1) ale (cf. ‘líð’); (2) ship. liðast (að),v.refl. tofallincurls (sá maðrhafðigulthár,okliðaðistalltá herðar niðr).

lið-dráttr,m.=liðsdráttr; -drjúgr, a. strong,powerful; -fár,a. shortofmen; -fæð,f. scarcityofmen; -fœrr,a. ablebodied; -góðr,a. goodatdoing;handy; -henda, -hending, f. a kind of metre. liði,m.(1) follower (liðarþaterufylgðarmenn); (2) levy-district. lið-liga,adv. adroitly,handily; -ligr, a. adroit,handy; -lítill,a.(1) havingfew men;(2) oflittleuse; -mannliga,adv. adroitly; -mannligr,a. adroit,handy; -margr,a. havingmanymen; -mikill, a.=-margr; -mjúkr,a. lithe,limber (meðliðmjúkum fingrum).

liðr (gen. -ar;pl. -ir,acc. -u),m.(1) jointofthebody (liðkallamennþatá manni,erleggirmætast);fótrinnstökk orliði, thefootwentoutofjoint;fœra(fót) ílið, tosetinjointagain;(2)hannvar fölleitrokl.ánefi, hewaspale-looking andhook-nosed;(3) degree(ofkindred), generation. lið-rækr, a. rejected from a lið. liðs-afli, m. forces, troops. lið-samligr,a. likelytobehelpful; -samnaðr,m. gatheringoftroops;

-samr, a. ready to help. liðs-beini,m. givinghelp,assistance; -bón,f. prayerforhelp; -dráttr,m. assembling troops. lið-semd, f. assistance. liðs-fjöldi,m. greathost; -höfðingi, m. captain of a host. lið-sinna (að),v.(1) toassist,withdat. (-sinnae-m);(2) tofurther,withacc. (hefirhónþvíheititat-sinnaþettamál); -sinnaðr,pp. readytohelpone (e-m); -sinni, n. help, assistance. liðsinnis-maðr, m. helper. lið-skortr, m. lack of men. liðs-kostr, m. military force. lið-skylfr,a. requiringmanypeople (vér höfum skip mikit ok -skylft).

liðs-laun,n.pl. rewardforhelprendered; -maðr,m. follower,warrior; -menn, themenofone’sarmy; -munr,m. odds; -samnaðr,m.=liðsamnaðr; -þurfi,a. inneedofhelp; -þurft,f., -þörf, f. need of help. liðug-liga,adv. willingly,readily (gerði Þ. þat vel ok liðugliga).

liðugr,a.(1) lithe,supple;(2) free,unhindered (skalGrettirfaral.þangat,sem hannvill);(3) unoccupied,disengaged;(4) easy,fluent oflanguage(meðliðugrinorrœnu).

lið-vani,a. lackingmeans(men); -vaskr,a. doughty,valiant; -veizla,f. succour, support. liðveizlu-maðr, m. supporter. lifa (lifl, lifða, lifat),v.(1) tobe left (erþriðjungrlifðinætr);meðanöld lifir, whiletheworldstands;(2) tolive; meðanhannlifði, whilehelived;atsér lifanda, inhislife-time;lifaeptire-n, to surviveone (verðrmaðreptirannanatl.); l.viðe-t, toliveon,feedon (þeirlifðunú

viðrekaoksmádýri);(3) toburn,offire (lifði þar eldr í skála).

lifandis,adv. alive;veral.=veralífs, álífi; -hlutr,m. livingthing; -skepna, f. living creature.

lifðr,a. endowedwithlife,living;betra erlifðumenséúlifðum, bettertobeliving than lifeless.

lifendr, m. pl. the living. lifinn, a. living, = lifðr.

lifna (að),v.(1) tobeleft;(2) tocometo life,revive (konungrhugði,athónmundi l.).

lifnaðar-lengd,f. length(duration)of life (-lengd mannsins).

lifnaðr,m.(1) conductoflife;(2) convent life, convent. lifr (gen. and pl. lifrar), f. liver. liggja (ligg; lá, lágum; leginn),v. (1) tolie (örliggrþarútiávegginum);l. sjúkr, toliesick (hannliggrsjúkrheima); þeirláguísárum, theylayilloftheir wounds;(2) tolieburied (hérliggrskáld); (3) tolieatanchor (hannlagðitilhafnar okláþarumhríð);liggjaveðrfastr, tolie weather-bound;(4) tolie,besituated,of aplace(þorpokborgir,erláguviðríki hans);(5) tolie,go,lead,ofaroad(liggr gatatilbœjarins);(6) tobecoveredwith ice,ice-bound (vetrar-ríkivarámikitok lágufirðirallir);(7) toliewith,havesexualintercoursewith,=l.hjákonu;(8)with preps.andadvs.,l.áe-m, tolieheavyon, weighupon,oppress (liggjaámérhugir stórramanna);l.áhálsie-m, tohangon one ’sneck,blameone;l.áe-m, tobefated toone (þatláákonungi,athannskyldi eigilifaumtíuvetr);l.áe-u, toattend, beconnectedwith (áþessumráðumliggja stórmeinbugir); tobeurgent,ofimportance,pressing (A.kvaðhonumeigiál.

þatatvita);liggrhonumekkiá, itdoes notmattertohim;l.áúknyttum, topursue wickedcourses;l.eptir, tobeleftundone (skalekkieptirl.þat,semvérmegum þeimveita);l.fyrire-m, tolieinwaitfor; l.fyrir, tobeinstorefor,oropento,one; þœttimérþatráðfyrirl.,atþúsendir menn, thatthebestthingwouldbetosend men;l.hjáe-rri, toliewith (láekhjádótturþinni);l.íe-u, tostickorsinkin (lágu hestarnirákafiísnjónum);l.í, tostick fastinmireorbog (liggríhestrinnundir þeim);l.íhernaði,víkingu, tobeengaged inwarfare;l.niðri, tolieuntold (núskal þateiginiðriliggja,erhonumerþómest vegsemdí);l.saman, tobeadjacent (lágu samanskógarþeirraLopts);l.tile-s, to belongto (nautoksauðir,láþattilAtleyjar);bœtrliggjatilalls, thereisatonement foreverycase; tobedueorproper (þótti þattill.attakaafhonumtignina);l.til byrjar, toliebyforafairwind;l.tilhafs, toliereadyforsea (lábiskuptilhafssex vikur);l.ume-n, tolieinwaitfor;l.um e-t, tobebentupon (hannliggrumþat nóttokdagatveitayðrlíflát);l.undiren or e-m, tobesubjectto,belongto (þessi löndliggjaundirDanakonung);hlutre-s liggrundir, oneisworsted;l.úti, tolieout, notinahouse (sumirláguútiáfjöllum meðbúsín);l.við, tolieatstake (lífmitt liggrvið);þámuntubeztgefast,ermest liggrvið, whentheneedisgreatest;e-m liggrviðe-u, oneisonthevergeof;mörgumláviðbana, manylayatdeath’sdoor; lá við sjálft, at, ti was just on the point of. lilja, f. lily (hon var hvít sem l.). lim, n. foliage, small branches. limaðr,pp.(1) branchy,fullofbranches;(2) limbed;l.mjök, large-limbed;l. vel, having shapely limbs.

lima-fall,n. paralysis; -lát,n. mutilation; -ljótr,a. ugly-limbed; -margr, a. having many branches. limar,f.pl. branches (þeirhöfðufest skjöldu sína í limar).

lima-vöxtr, m. frame of the body. lim-byrðr, f. burden of faggots. lim-hlaupa, -hlaupinn,a.indecl. cowed, prostrate.

limr (gen. -ar,pl. -ir,acc. -u),m.(1) limb (haldalífioklimum);(2) joint of meat (þrír limir kjöts).

lina (að),v.(1) tosoften,mitigate;(2) to soothe,alleviate (linitharmimínum);impers.,e-ulinar, itabates (viðátakhans linatþegarsóttinni);(3)l.til, togiveway; (4)refl.,linast, tobesoftened,giveway (þá linuðust hugir þeirra).

lin-aflaðr, a. of little strength. linan, f. mitigation. lind,f.(1) lime-tree;lindarváði, fire (poet.);(2) linden-shield;(3) lindenspearshaft.

lind,f. source,spring;lindarlogi, gold (poet.).

linda-staðr, m. the waist.

lindi, m. belt, girdle. lindi-skjöldr,m. shieldoflime-wood; -tré, n. lime-tree.

lin-hjartaðr,a. soft-hearted; -kind, -kinni,f. mercy; -leikr,m. lenity; -liga,adv. leniently,gently; -ligr,a. lenient; -móðr,a.=-mœðinn; -mæltr, pp. mild,gentleinspeech; -mœðinn,a. meek, gentle. linna (-ta, -t),v. tocease,stop (l.ferðinni);impers.,e-ulinnir, itceases, abates (enerþvílinnti,greiðaþeiratróðr sinn).

linn-ormr, m. (fabulous) serpent. linnr, m. serpent (poet.).

linn-vengi,n. ‘serpent-field’,gold;linnvengis bil, woman (poet.).

linr,a.(1) softtothetouch;(2) gentle, mild (H.varlinrokblíðrviðallasína menn);(3) agreeable,pleasant;faðmast lint, to embrace softly.

lipr (acc. -ran), a. handy, adroit. list (pl. -ir),f.(1) art,craft (margar listirþær,semáðrhöfðueigifundnar verit);(2) skill,adroitness,dexterity (lék hannmargaíþróttligafimleikameð mikilli l.).

lista, f. list, border.

lista-maðr,m. skilledworkman,craftsman.

listugr,a.(1) skilled,skilful;(2) polite, elegant.

listu-liga,adv. skilfully;handsomely, finely; -ligr,a.(1) skilful,clever;(2) elegant, handsome (-ligir menn).

list-vanr, a. skilful, clever. lita (að), v. to dye (l. sik í blóði).

litanar-gras, n. dyeing herb. litar-,gen.from‘litr’; -apt,n., -átta, f., -háttr, m. complexion. lita-skipti, n. change of colour. litast (að),v.refl.,l.um, tolookabout (nú litaðist konungr um).

lit-bjartr,a. brightofcomplexion; -brigði,n. changeofcolour; -föróttr, a. dappled; -gódr,a. offinecomplexion (góðr í andliti); -gras, n. = litanargras. litka (að),v. tocolour,stain;vel litkaðr, of a fine hue. lit-klæði,n.pl. coloured(dyed)clothes (notwiththenaturalcolourofthewool); -lauss, a. colourless, pale. litr (gen. -ar,pl. -ir,acc. -u),m.(1) colour,hue;bregðalit, tochangecolour; blár(grár,hvítr,rauðr)atlit, blue(grey, white,red)ofcolour;(2) thecolourofthe

sky,atdawnordusk;enerþeirkómuupp áheiðina,kennduþeir,atlitbrá, they sawthedaybreak;þátókatkennaannars litar, thenitbegantogrowdusk;(3) dye (sœkja grös til litar).

litr, a. hued, coloured (vel, illa l.).

lit-verpast (t),v.refl. tochange colour; -verpr, a. pale (from fear).

líð, n. strong ale (líð heitir öl).

líða (lið; leið, liðum; liðinn),v.(1) togo,pass,glide (erskipitleiðframhjá flotanum);l.e-mórhug, topassoutof one ’ smemory;(2) topassby,gopast (er þeirliðunesit);impers.,enerlíðrEuphratesá(acc.), whenonehaspassedthe E.;semleiðjóladaginn, astheYule-day passed;þá(or þegar)ere-nlíðr, whena personisomitted,passedover;Úlfrjarl varríkastríDanmörku,þegarerkonung leið, nexttotheking;(3) topassaway, elapse,oftime(eigimunumargirvetur l.áðrenþérmunuðþessaiðrast);at liðnumvetri, whenthewinterhadpassed; liðinn, dead,deceased;atliðinnfylki, aftermylord’sdeath;(4)impers.withdat., núlíðr,svádögum,at, thedaysdrawon; þávarliðitdegi, thedaywasfarspent; (5) togoon,takeplace;ekvilvita,hvat þeimlíðr, howtheyaregettingon;oksér, hvatleiðdrykkinum, andsees,howithad gonewithhisdrinking;(6)withpreps. andadvs.,l.afe-u, todepartfrom;l.af heimi, todepartthislife;l.af, topassaway (líðrafvetrinn=líðrframvetrinn);impers.,l.ate-u, toapproach,drawnear; eneratleiðjólunum, whenitdrewnigh Yule;l.ate-m, faintnesscomesoverone; nútókatl.atÖlvi, O.begantogetdrunk; G.tóksótt,enerathonumleið, whenhe wasfarspent,nearhisend;líðratmættie-s, one’sstrengthgivesway;impers.,

líðráe-t, thetimedrawstoaclose;oker áleiðdaginn, whenthedaywasfarspent; atáliðnu, inthelatterpartofatime (um haustitatáliðnu);atáliðnumvetri, towardstheendofthewinter;l.fram, topass away,wearon (okerváritleiðfram);alsoimpers.,líðrframe-u=e-tlíðrfram (erframleiðnóttinniokdróatdegi); to advance,proceed (Egilltókathressastsvá semframleiðatyrkjakvæðit);impers., þáerfrálíðr, whentimepasseson;látae-t hjásérl., toletitpassbyunheeded;impers.,líðrímóte-u=líðrate-u(núlíðr ímótjólum);l.ume-t, topassby (eigi hœfirþáhlutiumatl.,er);hannspurði, hvatliðiumkvæðit, heaskedhowthepoemwasgettingon;l.undan, toslipoff, passby;l.undirlok, topassaway,die, perish;l.yfire-n, topassover,happento, befall (martmunyfirþikl.);eittskalyfir oss alla l., we shall all share the same fate. líða (líddi), v., rare, = prec. líðendr,m.pl. wayfarers (okbýðrat líðöndum löð).

líf,n.(1) life;týnalífinu, toloseone’s life;taka(ráða)e-naflífi, totakeorput andendtoone’slife;sitjauml.e-s, toattemptorseekone’slife;veraálífi, tobe alive,living;veralífiminnr, tobedead; fyrirl.sitt, evenifitshouldcostone’slife (þeirviljaekkifyrirl.sittfráhverfa);lífs, alive;lífseðalátinn, aliveordead;hvárki lífsnéliðinn,lífsnédauða, neitheralive nordead;(2) body;lífsoksálar, bodyand soul;esp. thewaist,middle (hafðihann vafitklæðumumlífit);(3) person;atsvá fagrtl.skyldiþannvegkveljast, thatso fine a man should be tortured in that way. lífaðr, a. full of life. líf-dagar, m. pl. life-days, life. líferni, n. = lífi (2).

lífga (að), v. to call to life, revive. lífgan, f. calling to life again. líf-gjafari, -gjafi,m. preserverofa person’slife,rescuer; -gjöf,f. grantinglife orpardontoone; -hinna,f. theperitoneum; -hræddr,a. fearingforone’slife. lífi, n. (1) life; (2) conduct of life. líf-lauss,a. lifeless,inanimate (-lausir hlutir); -lát,n. lossoflife,death; -láta, v. to put to death. lífláts-dagr,m. anniversaryofone’s death; -dómr,m. sentenceofdeath; -verðr, a. deserving death. líf-ligr,a.(1) alive,living;(2) life-supporting (-lig atvinna).

lífs-björg,f. sustenanceoflife; -bók, f. biography; -dœgr,n. dayoflife; -grös, n.pl. healingherbs; -háski,m. danger oflife,extremedanger; -hjálp,f. deliverance; -hvatr,a. activewithlife; -leiðindi,n.pl. wearinessoflife; -mark,n. sign oflife (dauðamörkséekáhonum,en eigi-mörk); -nœring,f. food,=-björg; -saga,f. lifehistory,biography; -stundir,f.pl. ‘life-days’; -tími,m. lifetime; -tjón,n. lossoflife,death; -ván, f. hopeofsavingone’slife; -vegr,m.(1) means of saving one’s life; (2) way of life. líft,a.n. permittedtolive (er-atl. vinum Ingimundar).

líf-tjón,n. lossoflife,death; -vænn, a. withhopeoflife,withhopeofrecovery; -æðr, f. artery. lík,n.(1) thelivingbody (viðþatl.atlifa);(2) thedeadbody,corpse (jarðal.e-s).

lík, n. bolt-rope, leech-line (of sails).

líka (að),v. toplease,satisfy,withdat. (líkaðiyðrvelFinnskattrinn?);hvárter honumlíkarveleðrilla, whetherhelikes itornot;e-mlíkarvel(illa)tile-s or við e-n, onelikesordislikesaperson (honum

líkaðitilSighvatsvel);líkaðiviðhanaekki illa, they liked her well enough. líka (að), v. to polish, burnish. líka, adv. also (rare).

líka-ferð,f.=líkferð; -fœrsla,f.= líkfœrsla; -gröftr,m. grave-digging; -hlið, n. lich-gate. líkami, m. = líkamr.

líkam-liga,adv. bodily,intheflesh; -ligr,a. bodily,affectingthebody (-lig heilsa); fleshly. líkamr (-s, -ir), m. body. líkams-losti,m. carnallust; -máttr, m. bodily strength. líkandi, n. form, shape. lík-blauðr,a. afraidofacorpse; -blæja,f. winding-sheet; -ferð,f. funeral journey,funeral; -fylgja,f. funeralprocession; -fœrsla,f. theconveyanceofa bodytochurch; -hringing,f. tolling, knelling.

líki, m. equal, match. líki (gen.pl. líkja),n.(1) body (l.leyfa insljósamans);(2) form,shape (hannbrá á sik l. graðungs eins).

líkindi,n.pl.(1) likelihood,probability;l.eruáe-u or tile-s, itisprobable;vera(fara)atlíkindum, tobe(go)asmight beexpected;ráða(sjá)e-tatlíkindum, toguessatathing;frálíkindum, beyond likelihood,extraordinary (þóttihonumfrá líkindum,hversuþungrhannvar);til líkindavið, incomparisonwith;(2) semblance,trace (ummorguninneptirsáengi l. Danavirkis).

líking,f. shape,form (hannlétgera járnkróka í l. akkerisfleina).

líkja (-ta, -tr),v. tomakelike;l.eptir e-m, toimitate;refl.,líkjaste-m, tobe like, resemble (l. í ætt e-s).

lík-kista, f. coffin.

lík-liga L líta

lík-liga,adv. favourably;taka(svara) e-u-liga, togiveafavourableanswerto; -ligr,a.(1) likely,probable (gørafdrauminumslíkterþérsýþnist-ligast); Þorsteinivarþarvelfagnat,sem-ligtvar, asmightbeexpected;gørasik-ligantiles, toshowoneselfinclinedto;(2) eligible, preferable,suitable (núþykkirEyjúlfiþetta et líkligasta).

lík-maðr,m. onewhoassistatafuneral, a coffin-bearer. líkn,f. mercy,relief,comfort;veitae-m l., torelieve,soothe;hvatertillíknalagt

Sigurði, what comfort is assigned for S.?

líkna (að),v. toshowmercyto,with dat.(hannlíknarhversmannsmáli);refl.,líknastviðe-n, tosueoneformercy (ef ek skal til blóta hverfa ok l. við goðin).

líknar-braut,f. pathofmercy; -galdr,m. healingspells,charms; -lauss,a. merciless; -leysi,n. unmercifuldisposition.

líkneski,n., líkneskja,f.(1) shape, form; (2) graven image (l. Freys).

líkn-fastr,a. stronginfavour,beloved; -ligr,a. helping,comforting; -samligr, a. merciful; -stafir,m.pl. goodfavour, comfort. líkr,a.(1) like,resembling (fríðrsýnum okmjökl.föðursínum);Kárierøngum mannil., K.hasnomatch;líktokekki, likenothing (Steinólfiþóttiþatlíktok ekki);atlíku, allthesame,nevertheless; (2) likely,probable (þateroklíkast,at); (3) likely,promising,fit (lituðustþeirum, hvar líkast væri út at komast).

lík-söngr,m. funeraldirge; -þrá,f. leprosy; -þrár, a. leprous. lím,n. lime,mortar (varþatmikitmusteri ok gört sterkliga at lími).

líma (-da, -dr),v.(1) tolimewithmor-

tar; (2) to glue (l. skegg við höku sér).

lími, m. broom or rod of twigs. lím-setja, v. to set in lime. lín,n.(1) flax (drósirsuðrœnardýrtl. spunnu);(2) linen,linengarment;ganga und líni, to be wedded. lína, f. line, rope. lína, f. bridal veil (cf. ‘lín’ 2).

lín-brœkr,f.pl. linenbreeks; -dregill,m. linentape; -dúkr,m. linen cloth,linenkerchief; -fé,n. bridalgift; -fræ,n. flax-seed,linseed; -garn,n. linen-yarn; -húfa,f. linencap; -hvítr, a. whiteaslinen; -klútr,m. linenkerchief; -klæði,n.pl. linenraiment; -kyrtill,m. linenkirtle; -lak,n. linenbedsheet; -sekkr,m. linensack; -serkr,m. linenshirt; -tjald,n. linentent; -vefr, m. linen web, linen. líta (lít; leit, litum; litinn),v.(1) tolook;okíauguleit, andlookedhimin theeyes;(2) tosee,behold (Sölvigatatl., hvarþeirflýðu);(3)withpreps.,l.áet, tolookonorat; toconsider,takeinto consideration (hannkvaztmundul.áslík mál);þóttiÞrándrbrátthafaálitit, Th. wasthoughttohavebeenhasty;l.ámeðem, tokeepaneyeon,takecareof;l.tile-s, tolooktowardsone;konungrleitástaraugumtilhennar, thekingcastloveglances ather;hverspurninglítrjafnantilsvara, aquestionlooksforananswer;l.viðem, tolookatone (keisarileitviðhonum okspurði,hverrhannværi);l.yfire-t, to lookover (Þ.hafðilitityfirverkhúskarlasinna);(4)refl.,lízte-m, itseems(appears)toone;leizthonummærinfögr, he thoughtthemaidenbeautiful;sválíztmér, sem, itseemstomethat;líztþéreigisilfrit, dostthounotlikethesilver?;hversulíztþérámeyþessa, whatdostthou

thinkofthismaiden?;leiztmérvelákonunginn, Iwaspleasedwiththeking;recipr., tolooktooneanother (fellsthvárt öðruvelígeð,oklitustþauveltilok blíðliga).

lítil-fjörligr,a. weak,small,oflittle account; -gæft,a.n.,e-mer-gæftumet, oneisnotmuchpleasedwith; -hœfr,a. humble.

lítill (lítil, lítit),a.(1) little,small insize (léthannlæsaþáílítillistofu); atekvarekkil.maðrvexti, thatIwas notsmallofstature;(2) smallinamount, degree,&c.(lítilvargleðimannaat boðinu);sumarþettavarl.grasvöxtr, a small(bad)crop;landiterskarptoklítit matland, badforforaging;hannerl.blótmaðr, nogreatworshipper;þaterlítitmál, thatisasmallmatter;varhansmóðerni lítit, oflowrank;jarlhafðihannlengi lítinnmanngört, treatedhimshabbily;l. fyrirsér, oflittleaccount (þérmunutkalla miklítinnmannfyrirmér);(3)oftime, short,brief;litlastund, forashortwhile; litlu siðarr, a little while after. lítil-látliga,adv. humbly; -látligr, a. condescending,humble; -látr,a.= -látligr; -leikr,m. smallness,littleness; -leitr,a. small-faced; -liga,adv. little, inasmalldegree; -læta (-tta, -ttr),v., -lætasik, tohumbleoneself,condescend; -læti,n. humility; condescenscion; -magni,m. apoor,weakperson; -mannliga, adv. inapaltrymanner; -mannligr,a. unmanly,low,mean; -menni,n.(1) small, meanperson;(2) oneoflowcondition; -mennska,f. paltriness,meanness; -mótliga,adv.=-mannliga; -mótligr, a. insignificant,small; -ræði,n.(1) smallnessofestate,opp.togreatness;(2) degradation (henniþóttisér-ræðiíþví

atsmá-konungarbáðuhennar);(3) trifle (þérværi-ræðiíatskiptahöggumvið Vatsdœli).

lítils-verðr,a. oflittleworth,insignificant (sýnist þér þat -vert?).

lítil-vægíligr,a. oflittleweightor moment; -yrkr,a. doinglittlework; -þægr,a.(1) contentwithlittle (munek-þægr atyfirbót);(2) particular (hanner-þægr at orðum, ef honum er í móti skapi).

lítinnþann,asadv. alittle;okbrosti at l. þ., and smiled a little. lítt,asadv.(1) little;ekkannl.tillaga, Iknowbutlittleofthelaw;hannnamlítt stað, hemadealittlestand;(2) wretchedly,poorly,badly (hónbarsikþál.okgrét allsárt).

líttat, líttþat,adv. alittle,=lítinn þann; asmallamount,ashorttime (mælti Gísli, at þeir skyldi bíða líttat).

ljá (lé, léða, léðr),v.(1)l.e-mes or e-me-t, tolendoneathing (muntu mér,Freyja,fjaðrhamsljá?;baðhannljá sérskip);(2) togrant,give (vilek,atþú ljáirmértómstundartilatfinnaGizur); l.siktile-s, tolendoneselftoathing (efhannvillsiktilþessl.atgerayðr mein);(3)impers.,þatmávera,(at)þér ljáiþesshugarathverfaaptr, maybethou artmindedtoreturn;efþérlértveggja hugaumþettamál, ifthouartintwo minds in this matter.

ljá,f. new-mowngrass (konahans rakaði ljá eptir honum).

ljá-orf, n. scythe-handle.

ljár, m. scythe, = lé (rare).

ljóð,n. verseorstanzaofasong (ljóð þau,erkallatergróttasöngr); aditty,a charminverse;usuallypl.,alsoinnames of poems, as Hyndluljóð, Sólarljóð.

ljóða (að),v. tomakeverses,sing;l.á

e-n, to address one in verse.

ljóðan, f. verse-making, singing. ljóð-biskup,m=lýð-biskup; -heimar,m.pl. thepeople’sabode,world.

ljóði, m., álfa l., the elves’ king. ljóðr, m. = lýðr.

ljóðr, m. blemish, defect. ljóma (að),v. togleam,shine;ljómaraf e-u, athinggleamsorshines (ljómaðiaf, er sólin skein á).

ljómi, m. flash of light, radiance. ljón, n. = león.

ljónar, m. pl. men (poet.).

ljóri,m. louveroropeningintheroof (forthesmoketoescapeby,andalsofor admitting light).

ljós,n.(1) aburninglight (þeirþóttust sjáfjögurljósíhauginumbrenna);kveikjal., tomakealight;(2) light ofthesun, &c.(hefirþatljósafsólu);fig.,látae-t íljós, tobringtolight,reveal;komaíl., tocometolight,appear;(3) world;íþvísa ljósi ok öðru, in this life and the next.

ljós-álfr,m. light-elf; -bleikr,a. lightyellow,pale; -hárr,a., -hærðr,a. light-haired; -jarpr,a. light-chestnut (hárit-jarpt,-jarpráhár); -ker,n. lantern,lamp; -leikr,m. brightness; -liga,adv. clearly,plainly; -ligr,a. clear,plain; -litaðr,a. light-hued,lightcoloured. ljóss,a.(1) light,bright;l.dagr, abright day;verðaljóst, togrowlight,dawn;(2) bright,shining (hannhafðiexiljósaum öxl);(3) light-coloured,fair;l.áhár, lighthaired,=ljóshárr;ljósvara, ermine;(4) clear,evident,plain (hitterljóst,atþeir muniviljaveraúvinirmínir);vilek ljósangeramik, Iwillspeakoutplainly, make a clean breast. ljósta (lýst; laust, lustum;

lostinn),v.(1) tostrike,smite (laust hannsveininnmeðsprota);l.e-n kinnhest, togiveoneaboxontheear; hannlýstrofanímiðjanhvirfilhonum, hedealthimablowinthemiddleofthe crown;lausthannselinnísvima, he stunnedtheseal (byablowonthehead); (2) tostrike,hit,withaspear,arrow(þá varKnútrlostinnörutilbana);Þjóstólfr skautbroddi,oklaustundirkverkina, andhithimunderthechin;(3)phrases,l. árumísjó, todashtheoarsintothesea;l. eldií, toputfireto;l.e-uupp, tospreada rumour (skalekþál.uppþeimkvitt,at); l.uppherópi, toraisethewar-cry;l.e-u viðe-u, toputforthindefianceagainst (E. laustskildinumviðkesjunni);G.lýstrvið atgeirinum, G.parriestheblowwiththe bill;(4)impers.illviðrilýstrá, badweathercomesonofasudden;laustíbardagameðþeimmikinn, itcametoagreat battlebetweenthem;lausthræzluíhug þeim, theywerepanic-stricken;e-mlýstr saman, tocometoblows,begintofight;ok ersamanlaustliðinu, whentheycameto closefighting;myrkrilýstryfir, darkness comes on suddenly. ljóstr (gen. -rs), m. salmon-spear. ljót-leikr,m. ugliness; -liga,adv. in anuglymanner; -ligr,a. ugly,hideous; -limaðr, a. with ugly limgs. ljótr,a. ugly (Þ.varmannaljótastr); fáttmunljóttáBaldri, onBalderthereare few blemishes. ljúfr,a.(1) beloved,dear (l.e-m);(2) mild,gentle (hannvarl.oklítillátrviðalla);(3)ljúftokleitt, pleasantandunpleasant, weal and woe. ljúga (lýg; laug or ló, lugum; loginn),v.(1) tolie,tellalie (lýgrþúnú, Atli!);mannfýlasú,erþettahefirlogit,

therascalwhohastoldthislie;l.e-ne-u, tochargeonefalselywithathing (efhann erloginnþessumáli);l.e-uate-m, totell alietoone (eigierlogitatþér);l.áen, totellliesaboutone,belie;l.tile-s, to tellalieabout (l.tilfaðernis);(2) totreat falsely;Brandrmuneigiljúgastefnuna, B.willnotfailtocome;lýgrskjöldrinnnú atmér, nowtheshieldprovesfalsetome, failsme;(3)refl.,ljúgast, tofail,prove falseoruntrue (hefiryðrþatsjaldanlogizt, er ek sagða).

ljúg-eiðr,m. falseoath,perjury; -fróðr,a. untruthful; -gögn,n.pl. false evidences; -heitr,a. falsetoone’sword (cf.‘úljúgheitr’); -kviðr,m. falseverdict; -spár,a. prophesyingfalsely; -vitni,n., -vætti,n. falsewitness,perjury; -yrði, n. falsehood. ljúka, v. see ‘lúka’. loða (loði, lodda, loðat),v. to cleaveto,stick,hangon (hafþúþatsilfr, eríhárinuloðir);HrútrhjóáfótÞjóstólfisváatlítluloddivið, sothatithungbya shred;hónloddiáhringinumeptirmagni, shekeptasfirmholdasshecouldofthe ring.

loddari, m. juggler, jester. loð-brœkr, f. pl. shaggy breeks. loði, m. fur cloak. loðin-höfði,m. shaggyhead; -kinni, m. shaggy cheek (nicknames).

loðinn,a.(1) hairy,shaggy,woolly;ær loðnaroklembdar, ewesinfleeceandwith lamb;l.semselr, shaggyasaseal;(2) coveredwiththickgrass (túnitvarúslegitok gekk hestrinn þangat sem loðnast var).

loð-kápa,f. furcloak,=loði; -ólpa,f. a large fur doublet. lof,n.(1) praise,goodreport (opt kaupirsérílitlulof);(2) leave,permission

(efkonungrvillþeimloftilgefa);(3)in pl. license;þeirskuluráðalögumoklofum, the administration rests with them. lofa (að),v.(1) topraise (lofakonung þenna,enlastaeigiaðrakonunga);(2) to allow,permit (l.e-me-t);(3) topromise (hann lofaði at koma aptr).

lofan-ligr, a. praiseworthy. lof-drápa, f. laudatory poem. lofðar, m. pl. poet. men. lofðungr,m.poet. prince,king (þar átti lofðungr land á milli).

lof-gjarn,a. eagerforpraiseor renown; -gjarnligr,a. laudatory; -gørð,f. praise; -kvæði,n. laudatorypoem,encomium; -ligr,a.(1) laudatory, praising (-ligorð);(2) praiseworthy,glorious; -orð,n. leave,permission; -samliga,adv. gloriously; -samligr,a. glorious; -semd,f. praise,laudation (lofsemdarorð).

lofs-orð, n. praise. lof-sæla,f. esteem,fame; -sæll,a. glorious,famous; -söngr,m. songof praise, hymn. log,n.(1) flame (kertimjökmikitok logá);(2)esp.pl. lights,torches (þrjú vóru log í skálanum).

loga (að),v. toburnwithaflame,to blaze;hyrséekbrenna,enhauðrl., Isee the fire burning and the earth ablaze. logi,m. flame,blaze;brennaloga (dat.), toburnstrongly,beablaze;þávar enn l. á eldinum, the fire was still aflame. logn,n. calm (l.varveðrs);veðritdatt (féll) í l., it fell dead calm. logn-drífa,f. driftofsnowincalm weather; -fara,a.indecl.,poet. tranquil, peaceful (lundr-fara); -rétt,f.,liggjaí -rett, tobebecalmedordriftingslowlyon the sea.

lok,n.(1) bolt(ofadoor);látal.frá hurðu, tounboltadoor;(2) lock (enlyklar vórusettirílokin);(3) cover,lid (okl.yfir kerinu);(4) lockerorbench inthestern ofaboat,=stafnlok(gekkbiskupframí lokit);(5)inpl. lockers;gullhringrhvarf fráhusfreyjuórlokum; outofthelockers; (6)fig.inpl. end,conclusion;þatfylgir ljóðalokum, thisistheendofmylay;fœra e-ttilloka, toputanendto;liðaundirl., todie,perish;atlokum, atlast,=loks;til loks, to an end; completely, altogether. lok,n.akindof fernorweed;ganga seml.yfirakr, tospreadlikeweedsovera field. loka,f. boltofadoor (hurðarloka);láta lokufyrirhurð, toboltadoor;sprettafrá lokunni,látalokufráhurð, tounbolta door;margrseilistumhurðtillokunnar, manyamanreachesfartogetwhatisnear at hand. loka (að), v. to lock, shut (l. hurðina). lokarr (-s, pl. lokrar), m. plane. lokar-spánn, m. plane shavings. lok-hvíla, f. locked bed-closet. lokhvílu-þil,n. wainscotorpanelling of a bed-closet.

lokka (að),v. toallure,entice (Æsir lokkuðuFenrisúlftilþessatleggjafjöturinnáhann);l.e-tafe-m, tocoaxor wheedleoutofone (efmennsitjaumatl. af mér fé mitt).

lokka-maðr,m. amanwiththicklocks of hair. lokkan, f. allurement, enticement. lokkari, m. allurer, seducer. lokkast (að),v. tofallinlocks (hárit lokkaðist ofan í herðar).

lokkr (-s, -ar), m. lock of hair. lok-lausa, -leysa,f. nonsense,absurdity (lygi ok loklausa).

lokna (að),v. tocometoanend,drop (láta l. niðr mál).

lok-rekkja, f. = -hvíla. lokrekkju-gólf, n. = hvílugólf.

loks, loksins, adv. at last, finally. loku-gat,n. aholeforalatch; -sveinn, m. door-keeper. lopt,n.(1) air,atmosphere,sky (skein sól,okvarlíttal.komin);l.varmikittil jarðaratfalla, itwasagreatheighttofall down;l.oklögr, skyandsea;ál., aloft, intotheair;bera(fœra)ál., tospread abroad;hlaupaíl.upp, toleapupinto theair;liggjaíl.upp, toliefaceuppermost;álopti, aloft,intheair,onhigh;taka spjótálopti, tocatchaspearasitflies;(2) loft,upperroom (Gunnarsvafíloptieinuí skálanum);(3) balcony (hannhleyprofan ór loptinu á strætit).

lopt-dyrr,f.pl. thedoortoa ‘lopt’; -eldr,m. lightning; -hús,n. ‘loft-chamber’; -höll,f. anupper “skemma’; -stofa,f. upperroom; -svalar, -svalir,f. pl. balcony, gallery. los,n. looseness,breakingup (varþáalstaðar los á fylkingunum).

losa (að),v.(1) toloosen,makeloose (hannlosartilheyitniðriviðjörðina);(2) toperform,do (okhefirþúþávellosatþitt erendi);(3)refl.,losast, togetloose,get away (l. ór hernaði).

losna (að),v.(1) tobecomeloose,get free (þárettustfingrniroklosnuðuaf meðalkaflanum);(2)fig.,tóknú bardaginnatl., theranksbegantoget loose;l.ísundr, todissolve,breakup;(3) to get away (l. brott).

losta-fullr,a. lustful,lewd; -girnd, f. lust; -samligr,a. lecherous; -semd,f., -semi, f. lustfulness, lust, sensuality. lost-fagr,a. sofairastoawakendesire

(-fagrir litir).

losti, m. lust, carnal desire. lostigr,a. willing,ready,opp.to ‘nauðigr’ (skal ek deyja lostig).

lost-verk,n. labouroflove;létteru -verk, a labour of love falls light. lota,f.(1) round,bout,turn (síðanglímaþeirþrjárlotur);(2)lotum,asadv. by fitsandstarts,fromtimetotime (enlotum horfði hann á).

lotning, f. reverence, veneration. ló (pl. lœr), f. golden plover. lófa-tak,n.(1) hand-shake;(2) showof hands. lófi,m. thehollowofthehand,palm (mun ek bera þat í lófa mér).

lóg,n. completeuse;leggjastíl., tobe usedup;þeirmunuekkiölluíl.koma, theywillbeunabletomakeuseofall(their forces).

lóga (að),v.(1) topartwith,makeaway with (lógaðueigilandinu);(2) towaste, destroy (hvárkimundisádrykkrvitiþeirra l. né afli þeirra).

lómr, m. loon, loom (the bird). lómundr (pl. -ir), m. lemming.

lón, n. lagoon, inlet.

lukka, f. luck, good fortune.

lund,f.(1) mind,temper;veramikillar lundar, tobeofaproudmind;(2) manner; áymsarlundir, invariousways;áþál.,á þessa l., in this way, thus. lundaðr, pp. disposed, minded. lundar-far, n. temper, disposition. lunderni, n. temper, = lyndi. lund-hœgr, a. gentle-minded. lundi, m. puffin. lundr (gen. -ar),m.(1) clumpoftrees, grove; (2) tree (rare).

lung, n. poet. war-ship. lungu, n. pl. lungs.

lurka (að), v. to cudgel, thrash. lurkr (-s, -ar), m. cudgel. lúðr (gen. -rs),m.(1) trumpet (blása íl.);(2) thestandofahand-mill (þærat lúðri leiddar vóru).

lúðra-gangr,m. soundoftrumpets; -menn,m.pl. trumpeters; -söngr,m., -þytr, m. = -gangr.

lúðr-blástr,m. blowingoftrumpets; -sveinn, -þeytari, m. trumpeter. lúfa,f. thickandmattedhair,anickname of Harald the Fairhaired. lúinn,pp.(1) worn,bruised (vóruok árarmjöklúnar);(2) wornout,exhausted (hannverðrlúinn;varlúinnhestrhans mjök); cf. ‘lýja’.

lúka (lýk; lauk, lukum; lokinn),v. (1) toshut (=l.aptr);(2) toend,bringto anend,finish,conclude,withdat.(hann laukrœðusinni);þáermennhöfðulokit lögskilumatmæla, whentheyhadfinishedtheirpleading;(3) topay,l.e-met(svámikitfé,semvéreigumkonunginumatl.);(4)impers.,lýkre-u, itisat anend;lýkrþarnúsögunni, herethestoryends;eptirþatvarlokitþinginu, afterthattheThingwasbrokenup;varþess ván,atillamundiilluml., thatitwould endbadlywithabadman;þávarlokitöllumvistumnemahval, allstoreswereexhausted,exceptwhale;absol.,sválaukat lyktum, finallyitendedsothat;lýkrsvá, atþeirkaupaþessu, itendedsothatthey struckthebargain;áðrenlýkr,áðrlýkr, beforetheendcomes (nærrmunumvið gangastáðrlýkr);umþaterlýkr, finally,intheend;(5)withpreps.,l.aptr, to shut,withacc.ordat.(l.aptrhurðina or hurðinni);l.e-uísundr, toopen (lúkheill munniísundr);impers.,erísundrlauk firðinum, whenthefjordopened;l.upp,

lús L lymska

toopen,withdat.oracc.(l.upphurðinni or hurðina);l.uppaugum, toopenthe eyes; todeclare,makeknown (enerjarl hafðiþvíupplokit,athannmundifylgjaþeim);l.uppgørð, todeliverajudgement (ofanumpire);impers.,lýkre-u upp, itopens;l.vel(illa)viðe-n, tobehave well(ill),dealfairly(unfairly)withaperson (BollifekkSigríðigjaforðgöfugtok laukvelviðhana);l.við, toend (mávera, atsválúkivið,atþérþykkialkeypt);l. yfir,impers., tocometoanend,toafinal issue (skalnúyfirl.meðoss);(6)refl., lúkast, tobeshut (okþegarlauksthurðin áhælahonum); tocometoanend,toend (hérlýkstsjábók);l.upp, toopen (fjallit laukst upp norðan).

lús (pl. lýss),f. louse (sártbítrsoltin lús; lýss ok kleggjar).

lúsugr, a. lousy (verjan var öll lúsug).

lúta (lýt; laut, lutum; lotinn),v. (1) tolout,bowdown (konungrlautþáallt niðratjörðu);(2) tobowto inhomageor worship(Erlingrlautkonungiokheilsaði honum);(3) togiveaway,yield;hinirlægriverðaatl., theweakerhastoyield;(4) withpreps.,l.ate-u, tobearupon,have referenceto (þatsematlýtrþessmanns lofi); tobowforathing;l.atlitlu, tobe thankfulforlittle;l.tile-s, tobelongto, bearupon (þettaefnilýtrtillofsherra Guðmundi); topayhomage,showdeference,to (lutuallirtilhans);l.undire-n, tobesubjectto (þeirætluðuenganguðvera þann, er þeir áttu undir at l.). lútr, a. louting, bent down, stooping. lydda, f. lazy villain. lyf,n. medicine,healingherb;ekkil., nought, not the least. lyfja (að),v. toheal;l.e-me-t, tocure one of; l. e-m elli, to kill one.

lyf-steinn,m. healingstone,stoneof special virtue. lygð, f. lie, falsehood, = lygi.

lygi (pl. lygar),f. lie,falsehood (þat erokinmestal.); -konungr,m. false king; -kvittr,m. falserumour; -lauss, a. truthful; -ligr,a. false (-ligorð); -maðr,m. liar,impostor; -saga,f. false news, untrue story.

lygn,a. calm,smooth,ofwindand waves (var veðr gott ok lygnt).

lygna (-di, -t),v.impers. tobecome calm (lygndi veðrit).

lykill (pl. luklar and lyklar),m. key. lykils-laust,adv. withoutusingakey (lúka upp lás -laust).

lykja (lyk, lukta, luktr),v.(1) to shutin,enclose,close;l.e-nímyrkvastofu, toshutoneupinadungeon;(2) toput an end to (hvatki er lífi hans hefir lukt).

lykkja,f. loop,coil ofarope,&c.(hann hafðiokdregráhöndsér);geralykkjaá leiðinni, toputanendtoone’sjourney,to stop; coil ofaserpent(ormrmeðlykkju mikilli ok breiðum sporði).

lykkjóttr, a. looped, curved. lykk-lauss, a. without bend. lykna (að), v. to bend the knees. lykt,f. end,conclusion (súvarðl.á viðrskiptumþeirra,semnúmáheyra); esp.inpl.,gøra(vinna)lyktiráe-u, todo, perform;komamálumtillykta, tobring acasetoafinalissue;leiðae-ttillykta, tobringtoanend,finish;atlyktum, at last,finally (þóflýðihannatlyktum);þat verðratlyktum,at, theendofitwas,that. lykta (að),v. tobringtoanend,finish; impers., lyktar e-u, it ends. lykta-lauss, a. endless. lymska, f. wiliness, cunning.

lymskast (að),v. tostealquietly,to sneak (fœristhannáfœtroklymskast fram at durunum).

lymsk-liga, adv. cunningly. lymskr, a. wily, cunning. lyndi, n. temper, disposition. lyndis-bragð,n. temper; -góðr,a. good-tempered; -lag,n. temper,disposition; -líkr, a. of like temper. lyndr,a. tempered;illal., bad-tempered, opp. to ‘góðlyndr’. lyng (dat. lyngvi), n. ling, heather. lyng-áll,m. ‘heather-eel’,snake; -bakr,m. ‘ling-back’,afabulousseamonster; -fiskr,m. ‘ling-fish’,snake; -ormr,m. snake(livingamongheather); -runnr, m. heath bush. lypta (-pta, -ptr),v. tolift,raise,with dat.(síðanlyptihónkápuhettihansoksá íandlithonum);l.e-uupp, toliftup;l. ferðsinni, tostartonajourney;impers., lyptire-u, itisliftedup,raised;lyptiþá mjökbrúnummanna, theirfacesbrightened;refl.,lyptast, tomove,stir (lézt hannekkimunduþaðanl.fyrrenábak jólum);lyptistþeimþálíttreiði, their anger was raised a little. lypting,f. raiseddeck (intheafterpart of war-ships).

lyrgr,m. forelock;takae-mlyrg, to take one by the forelock. lyst, f. desire, pleasure (rare).

lysta (-sti),v.impers.,e-nlystir, one desires,wishes;lifðihverrsemlysti, every onelivedjustashepleased;hannlystiat sjáÍsland, hewishedtoseeIceland;mik lystirtile-s,íe-t, Ihaveafancyto,adesire for (mik lysti í hring þenna).

lysti-liga,adv. delightfully; -ligr,a. delightful. lysting, f. desire, pleasure, delight.

lysti-samligr,a. sensual (-samlig girnd); -semi, f. = lysting.

lystr,a. desirousof,eagerfor (l.e-s); lystvárumkþesslengi, Ihavelongwished for this.

lystugr, a. eager, desirous. lýð-biskup, m. suffragan bishop. lýð-maðr,m. commoner,layman; -mannligr,a. likeacommonman; -menni, n. coll. = -menn.

lýðr (-s, -ir,rarely -ar),m.(1) people, esp. thecommonpeople (erkonungr heyrðiákafalýðsins);(2) themembersofa household (gakkþúútokallrl.meðþér); (3) pl. men, persons (allir lýðir).

lýðska, f. = lýzka.

lýð-skylda,f. thedutyofaliege-manto hislord,homage (eptirþatveittijarlhonumøngalýðskyldu); -skyldr,a. yielding lýðskylda toone,subjecttoone; -skyldugr, a. = -skyldr.

lýja (lý, lúða, lúinn),v.(1) tobeat, hammer;l.járn, toforgeiron (witha sledge-hammer);(2) towearout,exhaust (lýrhannsóttinokdeyrhann);(3)refl., lýjast, tobeworn,exhausted (tókumenn þá at l. mjök á erfiði).

lýrit,n., lýritr, lýrittr (gen. -ar), m. veto,interdict;verjae-tlýriti, toputa veto on, forbid by law.

lýsa (-ta, -tr),v.(1) tolightup,illuminate (sólskall.allanheimokverma); impers.,oklýsiralltloptaffaxihans, andfromhismaneislightedupallthesky; lýsirafe-u, itshines,glitters (lýstiokaf hjálminum,ersólinskeiná);lýsir, itgets light,itdawns (ummorguninn,erlýsa tók);(2) tomanifest,show,exhibit (Heinir lýstumikinndrengskap);(3) toproclaim, publish,givenoticeof,asalawterm;with acc.,l.frumhlaup,sár,vígáhendre-m,

tochargeonewith,indictonefor,anassault,wound,manslaughter;withdat.,l. vígiáhendrsér, todeclareoneselftobe thecauseofadeath;(4) topublish,proclaim,withdat.(lýsirhannþingreiðsinni);l.yfire-u, tomakeknown (S.lýsir erindisínufyrirjarli);(5)impers.,nú lýsirhéryfirþví,athún, nowitbecame clear, that she; (6) to illuminate (a book).

lýsa,f. gleam,shimmeringlight (eksé lýsu nökkura til hafsins).

lýsari, m. illuminator.

lýsi,n.(1) light,brightness;(2) meansof lighting; oil, train-oil.

lýsi-gull, n. bright gold.

lýsing,f.(1) lighting,illumination;(2) daybreak,dawn;(3) declaration,publication; (4) bans of marriage.

lýsingar-skeið,f. thetimeofdaybreak; -váttr,m. awitnesstoadeclaration,alawterm; -vætti,n. attestationto a declaration (lýsing, 3).

lýsis-fat, n. train-oil cask.

lýta (-tta, -ttr),v.(1) toblemish;(2) to blame; (3) to disgrace, violate.

lýta-flekkr,m. disfiguringspot; -lauss, a. faultless, without blemish.

lýti,n.(1) fault,blemish (þatvarlýtiá, at); (2) disgrace.

lýzka,f.(1) custom,manner (hannhefir sömulýzkusínaokáðr);(2) dialect,= mállýzka.

lýzkaðr, a. mannered. læ (dat. lævi),n.,poet. venom,bane; blandaloptlævi, topoisontheair;sviga læ, ‘switch-bane’,fire;biðjae-mlæs, to wishoneevil;löngrerulýðalæ, thewoes ofmenarelong; -blandinn,pp. baleful, venomous. lægð,f.(1) ahollow,lowplace;(2) lowness; (3) degradation.

lægi,n.(1) berth,anchorage (leggja skipiíl.);(2) opportunity,fairwind (gaf þeim ekki l. út ór firðinum).

læging, f. disgrace, degradation. lægja (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) tolower,let down (l.segl);(2)fig. tohumble,bring down (hanndrapþá,eðalægðiþááannan veg);(3)impers.,lægire-t, itislowered, sinks;þeirsigldusvá,atlönd(acc.)lægði, theysailedsofarthatthelandsankout ofsight;þegarersólinalægði, whenthe sunsank;ofastorm, itabates (þátókat l.veðrit);(4)refl.,lægjast, tofall,sink abate (vindarlægðust;afhanstilkvámu lægðist harkit).

læ-gjarn, a. guileful. lægr,a.,eigalægtatkirkju, tohavea right to be buried at a church. lækna (að), v. to cure, heal. læknan, f. cure, = lækning. læknari, m. physician. lækning (pl. -ar),f.(1) cure;Hallrvar atlækninguatHváli, H.wasundermedicaltreatmentatH.;(2) medicine (góðl.); (3) the healing art. lækningar-bragð,n. medicalresource; -íþrótt,f. healingart; -lyf,n. means of healing, medicine. læknir (-is, -ar), m. physician. læknis-bragð,n., -dómr,m. medicine; -gras,n. healingherb; -hendr,f. pl. healing hands; -lyf, n. medicine. læmingr (-s, -ar), m. loom (bird). lær,n.(1) thelegabovetheknee,thigh (Kolskeggrhjóálæritokundanfótinn); (2) ham, of meat (lær af þrevetrum uxa). læra (-ða, -ðr),v. toteach (hannlærði Araprest);lærastate-m, togetinformation from a person. lær-dómr,m.(1) learning,scholarship; (2) theclergy (öfundarmennlærdóm-

sins).

lærdóms-list,f. artoflearning; -maðr, m. scholar (-maðr mikill).

lærðr,pp. learned (vel.l.þegaráunga aldri); lærðir menn, clerics.

læri-faðir, m. teacher, master. læring, f. teaching, instruction.

læri-sonr, m., -sveinn, m. disciple.

lær-leggr, m. thigh-bone.

læsa (-ta, -tr),v.(1) tolock,withdat.; læstihónloptinuinnan, shelockedthe roomfromtheinside;kirkjurvóruallar læstar, allthechurcheswerelocked;(2) to shutin,lockup (hónfylgdihenniíútibúr oklæstiþauþar);(3) toset inmetal(í hjalti sverðsins vóru læstir lyfsteinar).

læti (dat. látum),n.pl.(1) noise,cries (slíkl.þóttistkonungrinneigiheyrt hafa);(2) manners,voice (lithefirþú Gunnars ok l. hans).

lævirki (pl. -jar), m. lark (bird).

læ-vísi, f. craft; -víss, a. crafty. lœðingr,m. afetter (oneofthoseput upon the wolf Fenrir).

lœfð, f. hand’s breadth.

lœkjar-fall,n. runningbrook; -far, n. thebedofabrook; -óss,m. monthofa brook; -rás, f. = -fall.

lœkr (-jar, -ir), m. brook, rivulet.

löð (gen. laðar), f. invitation (poet.).

löðr, n. froth, see ‘lauðr’.

löðr-mannligr,a. mean,despicable; -menni, n. mean, feeble person. lög,n.pl.(1) law,laws (meðlögumskal landbyggja,enmeðólögumeyða);leggja l.áe-t, toestablishbylaw;leiðae-tíl., to bringintolaw,introducealaw;takae-tí l., toacceptaslaw (fyrrenkristniværiíl. tekináÍslandi);hafae-tílögum, toadopt bylaw (þatvarílögumhaftáÍslandi); setjal., togivelaw;dœmae-ml., toad-

judgeone’scaseaccordingtolaw;leitalaga viðe-n, togotolawwith;rænae-nlögum, todepriveoneoflaw,totreatoneunfairly; segja or segjauppl., torecitethelaw,say whatisthelaw;at(eptir,með)lögum, accordingtolaw;(2) participationorfellowshipinlaw (þrælareruekkiílögummeð öðrummönnum);leiðae-níl., tomake oneafullmemberofacommunity (eruþeir nú leiddir í l. með þeim Jómsvíkingum).

lög-arfi,m. lawfulheir; -ávöxtr,m. legal interest; -beiðing, f. legal demand. lög-berg, -bergi,n. thelaw-rock (the placeattheAlþingiwherethelawswere recited).

lögbergs-ganga,f. theprocession (of the ‘goðar’) to the law-rock. lög-binda (see binda),v. tobind,stipulatebylaw; -bjóða (see bjóða),v. toorder,prescribebylaw; -boð,n. lawfulcall, demand; -bók,f. lawbook,codeoflaws; -brot,n. breachoflaw; -brotsmaðr, m. lawbreaker; -bú,n. lawfulhousehold; -deila,f. lawquarrel,litigation; -dómr, m.(1) lawfulcourt;(2) legalsentence; -eggjan,f. just(lawful)provocation; -eiðr,m. lawfuloath; -eindagi,m. legal term; -eyrir (pl. -aurar),m.(1) legal money,legalpayment;(2)=eyrir, sixells of ‘vaðmál’; eighthpartofamark; -fardagr,m. alegaltimeformoving one’shousehold; -fasta,f. law-fast; -fastnan,f. lawfulbetrothal; -fastr,a. domiciled; -fá (see fá),v. toreceivelegally.

lög-fákr, m. ‘sea-horse’, ship (poet.). lög-fróðr,a. learnedinlaw; -frœði, f. law,jurisprudence; -fullr,a. lawful, legal; -fundr,m. lawfulmeeting,public meeting. lögg (gen. laggar),f. grooveinthe

staves of a cask.

lög-garðr, m. lawful fence. löggra (að), v. to wag the tail (rare).

lög-grið,n.pl. lawfulabode; -heimili,n. lawfuldomicile; -klókr,a.= -kœnn; -krókar,m.pl. lawquibbles; -kvöð,f. legalsummons; -kœni,f. skillin thelaw; -kœnn,a. versed,skilledinthe law; -kœnska,f.=-kœni; -lauss,a. unlawful; -leiða (see leiða),v.(1) tobring (afreedman)totheprivilegesofthelaw,= leiðae-nílög;(2) tointroduceaslaw,= leiðae-tílög; -leysa,f. lawlessness,lawlessstate; -liga,adv. lawfully; -ligr,a. lawful,legal; -lýsing,f. legaldeclaration (inpleading); -maðr,m.(1) lawyer (Njáll varmaðrsvámikill,atengifannsthans jafningi);(2)later,=‘lögsögumaðr’(asin NorwayandSweden); -mál,n.(1) prescription,ruleofthelaw;(2) law;(3) mutual agreement. lögmáls-bók,f. bookofthelaw; -spjöld,n.pl. lawtables; -staðr,m. legalpoint,groundofaction; -örk,f. theark of the covenant.

lög-mæltr,pp. prescribedinthelaw (öll-mæltskil); -mætr,a.(1)=-mæltr (öll-mætskil);(2) comingunderthelaw, punishable (-mætar sakir).

lögn (gen. lagnar),f. anet laidinthe sea, opp. to ‘dragnet’.

lög-prettr,m. law-quibble; -pundari, m. legal steelyard. lögr (gen. lagar,dat. legi),m.(1) sea,komaumlög, tocomebysea;loptok lög, airandsea;landseðalagar,álandi eðalegi, onlandorsea;(2) water,anyliquid.

lög-ráðandi,m. legalguardian,warden; -rengd,f. legalchallenge; -rétt,f. publicfold; -rétta,f.(1) thelegislature

intheIcelandicCommonwealth;also the place wherethelegislativesittingswere held;gangatil-réttu, toproceedtothe -rétta;(2)inNorway,andalsoinIceland aftertheunionwithNorway, publiccourt oflaw; -réttr,m. ‘law-right,’compensation legally due to one. lögréttu-maðr,m. memberofthe ‘lögrétta’; -skipan,f. order,constitutionof the ‘lögrétta’(astothenumberofits members).

lög-ruðning,f. legalchallenge (of neighboursorjudges); -ræna (-da, -dr), v. todepriveoflaw,=rænae-nlögum; -ræningr,m. apersonwhohasbeen cheatedofhislawfulright; -saga,f.(1) ‘law-speaking’,pronouncingthelaw;(2) theofficeofthe ‘lögsögumaðr’(taka -sögu,hafa-sögu);(3) declarationofthe ‘lögsögumaðr’or‘lögmaðr’(þábaðkonungrþórilögmannbirtasína-sögu); -sekr,a. guiltybylaw (hvárigirurðu -sekir); -sjándi (pl. -sjándr),m.(1) surveyor;(2) eye-witness,lawfulwitness; -skil,n.pl. pleadingsorproceedingsas prescribedinthelaw =lögmæltskil (Mörðrmælti-skilatvandasínum); -skilnaðr,m. legaldivorce; -skipan,f. ordinance; -skyld,f. legaldebt; -skyldr, a.(1) boundbylaw;(2) prescribedbylaw; -spakr,a. learnedinthelaw; -speki,f. jurisprudence; -stefna,f. lawfulsummons; -sögn,f.(1) thejurisdictionofa ‘lögmaðr’;(2) officeofa ‘lögmaðr’;(3) declaration made by a ‘lögmaðr’. lögsögu-maðr, m. lawspeaker. lög-taka (see taka),v.(1) toreceiveby law;(2) toacceptaslaw (þáerkristnivar -tekin); -tíðir, f. lawful tithe. lögu-nautr,m.(1) messmate;(2) mate,colleague,companion; -neyti,n.

messmateship.

lög-vellir, m. poet., boiler, kettle.

lög-villa,f. fraudulentprocedure; -villr,a. mistakeninpointoflaw; -vitr, a.=-spakr; -vörn,f. lawfulpointofdefence; -þing,n.(1)inNorway, general assembly,parliament;(2) publicmeeting (Gunnarreiðtilallramannfundaok-þinga).

löm (pl. lamar), f. hinges (of a chest).

löngu, adv. long ago, long since. löngum,adv. long,continuously (Eiríkr varl.meðföðursínum);compar.,

lengrum, longer (l.enlögstóðutil);superl.,lengstum, mostly,mostofthetime (höfuðborg sú, er Geira sat í l.).

löskr (acc. -van),a. weak,good-fornothing (l. mun hann æ heitinn).

löstr (gen. lastar,dat. lesti;pl. lestir,acc. löstu),m.(1) fault,flaw;segja kostoklöstáe-u, totellfairlythegood andbadofathing;(2) misbehaviour;(3) vice (l. ofdrykkjunnar).

löt (pl. latar),f. dissuasion;teljalatar áume-t, toraisedifficultiesaboutathing.

Mmaðka (að), v. to become maggoty. maðka-haf, n., -sjór, = maðksjór. maðk-fullr, a. full of maggots. maðkr (-s, -ar),m. maggot,grub, worm; maðka fœzla, food for worms. maðk-sjór,m. aseafullofworms; -smoginn, pp. worm-eaten (of a ship).

maðr (gen. manns,pl. menn,withthe art. menninir),m.(1) man (irrespective ofsex), humanbeing (guðskapaðisíðarst menntvá,erættirerufrákomnar);sýndi m.manni, oneshowedittoanother,it wentfromfromhandtohand;fjöldi manns, agreatnumberofpeople;múgr manns, crowdofpeople;(2) degree inkinship;veraatþriðja,fjórða,fimtamanni, toberelatedinthethird,fourth,fifthdegree;hannvarmannifirrensystrungr Bárðar, hewasthesonofacousinofB.; (3) man,opp.to‘kona’(síðanfórhanntil manna sinna).

mag-áll,m. fleshofthebelly; -fyllr, f. belly-full.

magi, m. stomach, belly, = kviðr. magn,n. strength,power;eptiröllu magni, to the best of one’s power. magna (að),v.(1) tocharm,makestrong byspell (hannmagnaðimeðmiklumblótskaplíkneskiÞórs);m.fjölkyngi,seið, to workaspell;(2)refl.,magnast, toincrease inpower,growstrong (Glámrtókatmagnastafnýju);eldrinnmagnaðist, thefire increased in strength.

magns-munr,m. differenceinstrength or power.

magr (mögr, magrt), a. lean. magr-ligr, a. lean-looking, pinched. maka (pl. mökur), f. female mate. maki, m. match (m. e-s).

makindi, n. pl. friendly intercourse. mak-liga, adv. fitly, properly. maklig-leikr,m. desert;at-leik,eptir -leikum, deservedly;hafa-leikatile-s, to deserve. mak-ligr,a.(1) meet,proper,becoming (erþatmakligt,at);(2) deserving (makligr e-s or til e-s).

makr,a.(1) easytodealwith (þaðanfrá varEindriðihinnmakasti);(2)onlyin compar., moresuitable,becoming,convenient (H.kvaðhonummakaraatsitjavið elda en vera í sjóförum).

mak-ráðr, a. pleasant, agreeable. makt, f. might, power. mala (mel; mól, mólum; malinn),v. to grind (m. valbygg).

malar-,gen.from‘möl’; -grjót,n. beach-pebbles; -kambr,m. pebbleridge along the beach. malir, f. pl. croup of cattle. malr (-s, -ir), m. knapsack. malt,n. malt (forbrewing); -hlaða, f. maltbarn; -klyfjar,f.pl. maltpacks (carried by horses).

man,n.(1) household,house-folk; bondslaves;(2) bondwoman,femaleslave;þær ‘romáttkarmeyjaratmanihafðar, these mightymaidsareheldinbondage;(3) woman,esp. youngwoman,maid;líkileyfahinsljósamans, topraisethefairmaid’s form.

mana (að), v. to challenge. mang, n. barter, peddling. manga (að), v. to barter, chaffer.

mangari, m. monger, higgler. mangi, pron., see ‘manngi’. man-kynni, n. pl. choice of maidens. manna-,gen.pl.from‘maðr’; -bein,n. pl. humanbones; -bygð,f. inhabiteddistrict. mannaðr,pp.(1) manned,furnished withmen,ofaship(vel,illam.);(2) (well) broughtup;varmóðirmínvelmönnuð, wellbred;skaltuvita,athannervelm., thatheisanaccomplishedman;mannaðir at hófi, fairly well-bred men. manna-dreyri, m. human blood. mann-afli, m. strength in men. manna-forráð, -forræði,n. rule,dominion,authority; -för,n.pl. men’sfootprints; -för,f.=mannferð; -grein,f. distinctionofmen; -hold,n. humanflesh; -hús,n.pl. men’shouses; -kjöt,m.= -hold; -lát,n. lossofmen,lossoflife, death; -mál,n. humanvoices,human speech; -missir,m. lossofmen; -mót, n.=mann-fundr; -munr,m. distinction, differenceofmen; -múgr,m. crowdof people; -reið,f. ridingofmen,bodyof horsemen; -samnaðr,m. gatheringof men; -seta,f. menstayinginaplace; -skipan,f.(1) theplacingofpeople (ata banquet);(2) peopleseatedatabanquet; -skipti,n.pl. exchangeofmen; -slóð, f. trackofmen; -spor,n.pl. footprintsof men.

mannast (að),v.refl. tobecomea (proper)man,tobebroughtuptomanhood (þórirvarmaðrættsmárokhafðimannazt vel).

manna-sættir,m. peace-maker; -taka, f. reception of strangers.

manna-vegr,m. aroadwheremen pass; -verk,n.pl. workbyhumanhands; -vist,f. humanabode; -völd,n.pl.e-t

eraf-völdum, itisduetohumancauses,is done by men. mann-björg,f. thesavingoflife;brutu þarskipitalltíspán,enþóvarð-björg, butthemen’slivesweresaved; -blót,n. humansacrifice; -boð,n. banquet; -broddr,m. ice-spur; -bœtr,f.pl. weregild (foroneslain); -dauði,m., -dauðr,m. lossoflife,mortality; -dáð,f. manful deed,actofprowess; -deild,f. difference ofopinion,division; -djöfull,m. fiendof aman; -dómligr,a. manly; -dómr,m. (1) humannature;(2) manliness,prowess; (3) humanity,generosity;sýnae-m-dóm, to show kindness to one. manndóms-leysi,n. unmanliness, meanness; -maðr, m. a brave man. mann-dráp, n. murder, slaughter. manndrápa-laust,adv. without slaughter or loss of life (sættast-laust). mann-drápari,m., -drápsmaðr,m. man-slayer,murderer; -dygð,f. virtue; -dýrðir,f.pl. manlyqualities; -eldi,n. maintenanceofaperson; -eygr,a.=-ýgr; -fagnaðr,m. thefareatabanquet,great entertainment; -fall,n. slaughter,lossof life (inbattle); -fang,n.;eiga-fangí sonum, tohaveablesons; -farmr,m. shiploadofmen; -fár,a. havingfewmen (hafa-fátt);þykkimér-fáttíbœnum, few people; -ferð,f. passage,passingofpeople; -fjándi,m. humanfiend; -fjöldi, m. multitude,crowdofmen; -fleiri,a. compar.,see‘-margr’; -fóli,m. fool,idiot; -fólk,n. mankind,men (alltmannfólk); -fróðr,a. skilledin ‘-frœði’; -frœði,f. history,esp. genealogies; -fundr,m. meeting; -fýla,f. mean, worthlessfellow,rascal; -fæð,f. lackof people,smallnessofpopulation; -fœða,f., -fœði,n. humanfood; -fœrð,f. condi-

tionofaroad; -för,f.=-ferð; -garðr, m. ringofmen; -gersemi,f. ‘jewelofa man ’ , paragon (hinar beztu -gersemar).

mann-gi (gen. mannskis),pron. no man,nobody;mannskismögr, noman ’ s son.

mann-samnaðr,m. gatheringofmen, people assembled. manns-bani,m. man-slayer; -barn,n. humanbeing,livingsoul (hvert-barn); -blóð,n. humnanblood; -búkr,m. body, corpse; -efni,n. themakingsofaman; promising young man. mann-sekt,f.,esp.pl.-sektir, penalty paidinone’sperson,opp.to‘fésekt’, outlawry,banishment; -semi,f. manfulness, valour.

manns-fylgja,f. fetchofaman; -hár, n. humanhair; -höfuð,n. humanhead; -hönd, f. human hand. mann-skaði,m. lossof life, greatloss inaperson’sdeath (okerþatennmesti -skaði at taka þá af lífi).

mannakapar-lauss,a. lackingin strength and manhood, pithless. mann-skapr,m. manfulness,manhood, valour; -skelmir,m. rascal; -skepna,f.

mann-girnd, -girni,f. alongingfor ahusband; -gjarn,a. eagertomarry; -gjarnliga,adv. eagerly; -gjöld,n.pl. weregild; -gœzka,f. kindness,goodness; -hár,a. ofaman’sheight;lypta-hátt, toaman’sheight; -háski,m. dangerof life; -hefnd,f. bloodrevenge; -heill,f. favour,goodreport;hannhafði-heillmikla, he was very popular. mannheilla-maðr, m. popular man. mann-helgr,f. inviolabilityofperson, sanctuary (þarvar-helgrmikil); -hringr,m. circle,ringofmen; -hundr, m. dogofaman,scoundrel; -hús,n.pl. dwelling-houses; -hæð,f. man’sheight; -hætta, f. = -háski. mannhættu-laust,adv. withoutdanger of life. mann-höfn,f. keeping,maintenanceof aperson; -illska,f. wickedness; -jafnaðr,m.(1) comparisonofmen;faraí -jafnað, tomakeacomparisonbetween persons;(2) matchingorpairingofpersons (astotheweregildtobepaid); -kaup, n.,íe-mergott-kaup, heisagreatacquisition; -kind,f.(1) mankind;(2) race; -kostir,m.pl. goodqualities,virtues; -kvæmd,f. runofvisitors; -kvæmt,a.n., þarvarekki-kvæmt, fewcamethere,it wasalonelyplace; -kvöð,f. levyingof men; -kyn,n. mankind; -lauss,a. withoutahusband; -lát,n. lossoflife; -leysi, n. good-for-nothingfellow; -liga,adv. manfully; -ligr,a.(1) human (-ligteðli); (2) manly,becomingaman (erþat-ligraat faraatdugahonum); -líkan,f. imageof man; -lýti,n. blemish; -læða, -læra,f. =-leysi; -löstr,m. blemish,fault,opp. to‘-kostr’; -margr,a. havingmanymen; hafa-margt, tohavemanypeople,forces; hafa-fleira, tohavemoremen,followers; -mergð,f. hostofpeople,crowd; -metnaðr,m. honour,esteem (amongmen); lönguntil-metnaðar, ambition; -múgr, m. crowdofpeople; -níðingr,m. miscreant; -orð,n. fame,repute; -raun,f. (1) trial (ofcourage), danger,peril (jafn hinumfremstuíöllum-raunum);(2) trial (ofthefeelings), adversity (þáerhann mistisonarsíns,varþatþó-raun,enþettaengi); -ráð,n.pl. plotsagainstaman’s life;standaí-ráðum, totakepartinsuch plots. manns-aldr,m. aman’slife,generation (mörgum -öldrum síðarr).

poor creature. manns-kona, f. married woman. mann-skræfa,f. miserablecoward; -skœðr,a. dangeroustolife;-skœðorrosta, a bloody fight. manns-lið,n. aman’said; -líki,n. likenessofman,humanshape; -mót,n. manlymien,markofatrueman; -mynd, f. human form (taka mannsmynd á sik).

mann-sómi,m. honour,reputation; -spell,n. destructionoflife; -spjall,n. = -spell; -stormr, m. rush of people. manns-váði,m.=mannskaði(varð hinnmesti-váði); -vit,n. ‘ man’swit’,humanunderstanding (hundrinnhefir-vit); -æfi,f. aman’slifetime (martkann skipast á -æfinni).

mann-tak,n. manhood,pith; -tal,n. (1) ‘taleofmen’,muster;(2) census; -tapi, m. lossoflife; -tjón,n.=-tapi; -úðigr, a. gentle,affable; -val,n. choicepeople, selectbodyofmen (hafðihanngott-val); -vandr,a.(1) particularastochoiceof ahusband;(2) requiringanableman; -veiðr,f. seizing,catchingofaman; -villa,f. misstatementofpaternity; -virðing,f. rank,renown,honour; -virki,n.(1) workofhumanhands;(2) great work (okerþatitmesta-virki); -vit,n. understanding; -vitsamligr,a. sensible, intelligent. mannvits-lauss,a. voidofunderstanding; -lítill,a. withlittlewit; -maðr,m. wise man.

man-verjar, m. pl. the Manxmen. mara (-ði),v. tobewaterlogged,float lowinthewater (marðiþáundirþeim skipit).

mara, f. nightmare, incubus. mar-álmr,m. sea-reed,marram; -bakki, m. steep bank near the shore. marð-skinn, n. marten’s fur. marg-breytinn,a. fickle,whimsical; -breytni,f. fickleness; -dýrr,a. very dear; -eygr,a. many-eyed; -falda (að), v. tomultiply; -faldan,f. multiplication; -faldliga,adv. manifoldly; -faldr,a. manifold; -fróðr,a. learnedinmany things,muchknowing; -frœði,f.(1) variedlearning;(2) magic; -háttaðr,a. multifarious,ofmanykinds; -heyrðr,pp. oftenheard; -kunnandi,pr.p. knowing manythings; -kunnigr,a.(1)=-fróðr; (2)=fjölkunnigr; -kvíslaðr, -kvíslóttr,a. many-branched; -kvæmt,a.n. wheremanypeoplecome (þarvareigi -kvæmt); -kyndigr,a.=-kunnigr; -látr,a. fickle,loose; -leikar,m.pl. intimacy,friendlyintercourse,opp.to ‘fáleikar’; -liga,adv. friendly,intimately, opp.to‘fáliga’; -lyndr,a. fickle-minded; -læti,n. fickleness,wantonness,looseness; -málugr,a. talkative; -menni,n. multitude,manymen; -mennr,a. with manymen (hversu-mennrertu?); -mælgi,f. loquacity; -mæltr,pp. talkative;

mann-vitull,m. fool (?); -vænligr, -vænn,a. hopeful,promising; -værr,a. entitledtobewithothermen; -ýgr,a. vicious,dangerous (ofabull); -þröng,f. throngofmen; -þurfi,a. inneedofmen; -æta, f. cannibal; -œli, n. wretch. man-rúnar,f.pl. ‘love-runes’,lovespells; -sal,n.;seljae-n-sali, tosellone as a slave. mansals-maðr, m. bondman. man-skæri, n. pl. mane-shears. mans-maðr, m. = mansalsmaðr. man-stœði, n. place of the mane. man-söngr,m. lovesong (=mansöngskvæði); -ungr,a. youthful; -vél,f. ‘love-trick’ (poet.).

-opt,adv. veryoften; -orðr,a. using manywords,long-winded; -prettóttr, a. very cunning or tricky. margr (mörg, mart),a.(1)insing. acollect.sense,bothassubst.andadj., manya(one);m.maðr, manyaperson; m.munþiköfunda, manyaonewillenvy thee;neut.,mart, manythings,opp.to ‘fátt’(talam.,margsvitandi);ímörgu, in manythings,inmanyrespects;fyrirmargs sakir, formanyreasons;martmanna, manypeople;(2)inplur. many (særðr mörg-umsárum);(3)fig. friendly,communicative,opp.to‘fár’(varhannm.við Árna biskup).

margr,m. greatnumber;ekkimávið margnum, noonecanstandagainstgreat odds.

mar-greifi, m. margrave, marquis. marg-rœddr,pp. muchtalkedof (er -rœttume-t); -rœðinn,a. talkative; -slœgr,a. verysly; -smugall,a. penetrating,subtle; -spakr,a. very wise; -talaðr,pp.(1)=-mæltr;(2) muchtalkedof (gøra-talatume-t); -tíðr,a. verycommon,frequent (-títter,atmenndeyi); -vitr,a.of many-sidedlearning; -vísligr,a. various,ofmanykinds; -víss,a.= -fróðr; -yrðr, a. of many words = -orðr. mar-gýgr, f. mermaid, sea-ogress. mark,n.(1) mark,token,sign;þater eittm.umdjarfleikhans, oneproofofhis daring;tilmarksume-t, asatoken(proof) of;(2) matterofimportance;erþatekki m., itsignifiesnothing;lítitm.eratþví, itisoflittleconsequence;lítitm.varþá at,erþeirBelihittust, ofnogreataccount washismeetingwithB.;atmarki, inrealearnest,greatly (reiðastatmarki);(3) mark (asasignofproperty);kennasitt m.áe-u, torecognizeasone’sownmark; a

mark onsheep’sears(þávarm.Sigfússá sauðum);(4) ornamentalfigure (hónhafði knýtt um sikblæjuokvóruímörkblá); (5) boundary mark (skógar m.). marka (að),v.(1) tomark,drawthe outlineof;m.grundvöllundirkirkjuna, todrawtheground-planofthechurch;(2) tomarkasone’sproperty (þaunautvóru ölleinnvegmörkuð);(3) tomarkbyan emblem (erþatmittráð,atmennmarki stálhúfursínar);(4) todraw (hannhafði rauðanskjöldokmarkaðráhjörtr);(5) to observe,infer (milofþvím.hverrmaðr hannvar);þareptirmáttum.hansfegrð, fromthisyoucanjudgeofhisbeauty;(6) totakenotice of, heed,mind (Þórðrkvað eigidraumaskyldum.);(7)todescribe (markat hefi ek fyrir þér birting lopts).

markaðr (gen. -ar),m. market;fig., varþeimsettrinnsamim., theygotthe sametreatment (=höfðuþeirinasömu kaupferð).

marka-menn,m.pl. ‘forest-men’,outlaws, robbers. mark-bygð,f. forestdistrict; -land,n. forest-land; -leið,f. trackthroughforests; -leiði, n. = -leið.

mar-knútr, m. sea scorpion. mark-steinn,m.(1) march-stone;(2) a stonelaidtomarkaspot; -stika,f. boundary stake. mar-líðendr,m.pl. ‘sea-traversers’ (of witches).

marmari, m. marble. mar-mennill,m. ‘sea-mannikin’,merman.

marr (gen. marar),m. sea;sígrfoldí mar, the earth sinks into the sea. marr (gen. mars,pl. marir and marar),m. horse,steed (hannkvaðhest mar heita).

mat, n. estimate, taxing. mata, f. provender, mess (rare). matar-,gen.from‘matr’; -afli,m. fare,provisions; -bur,n. pantry; -fýst, f. appetite; -fling,n.pl.=mat-föng; -gørð,f. dairywork,cooking; -illr,a. stingyoffood; -lauss,a. withoutfood; -verðr,m. meal; -vætt,f. acertain weight or quantity of victuals. matast (að),v.refl. Totakefood,takea meal;hvíhannmataðistsváseint, whyhe was eating so slowly. mat-björg,f. provisionsfromhandto mouth; -borð,n. adressedtable (sitjayfir -borði); -bræði,f. greediness; -búa (see búa),v. todressfood,cook (varhjörtrinn matbúinn).

matbúðar-máðr, m. cook. mat-búnaðr,m. cooking,dressingof food; -bur,n. pantry; -fátt,a.n. short ofprovisions (hafa-fátt); -fæð,f. lackof food; -föng,n.pl. storesoffood; -gerð, f. cooking.

matgerðar-maðr, m. cook. mat-gjafi,m. food-giver; -gjöf,f. gift infood; -góðr,a. liberalastofood; -gœðingr,m.=-góðrmaðr; -heill,a. ofagooddigestion; -kaup,n. purchase ofvictuals; -ketill,m. meat-kettle; -krákr,m. ‘meal-crow’,glutton,anickname; -land,n.,gott(illt)-land, aproductive(unproductive)district; -langr, a.,-löngstund, suchatuneasittakes toeatameal; -lauss,a. withoutfood; -leiði,m. loathingoffood; -leysi,n. lack offood; -lífi,n. board,fare; -lystr,a. havingagoodappetite; -mál,n. mealtime, meal; -níðingr,m. onewhostarveshis people. matr (gen. matar,pl. matir),m. food,meat;hafasére-tatmat, tofeedon

(morgin-döggvarþansératmathafa);pl. stores of food, provisions. mat-ráð,n.pl. thehusbandryoffood; -reiða,f. dressingoffood,housekeeping; -seld,f. distributionoffoodatmeals; -selja,f. housekeeper; -sínkr,a. stingy offood; -skál,f. foodbowl; -skortr,m. lackoffood; -skreið,f. driedfishfor food; -sparr,a. sparingoffood; -sveinn, m. cook; -svin,n. beggar’sscrip; -sæll, a. ‘meat-lucky’; -víss,a. greedy; -væli, n.pl. meansofsubsistence,storesoffood; -vænn, a. good for food. maurr (-s, -ar), m. ant, emmet. má (má, máða, máðr),v.(1) toblotor rubout,efface (mástþeiroflífsbók);(2) towear,makeblunt (varljárhansmáðr upp í smiðreim).

mág-kona,f. sister-,mother-,ordaughter-in-law. mágr (-s, -ar),m. brother-,father-,or son-in-law (villHrútrgørastm.þinnok kaupa dóttur þína).

mál,n.(1) speech,facultyofspeech (þrøngdisvásóttarfarikonungs,athann mistimálsins);þauhafaekkimál, they aredumb;(2) language,tongue;norrønt m., theNorsetongue;(3) speech,speaking (hvárterFlosisvánær,athannmegi heyram.mitt);(4) colloquy,talk,speech; komaám.(or atmáli)viðe-n, tocome totalkwith,speakto;finna(hitta)e-n atmáli, toobtainspeechwith;krefjae-n máls, toaskaninterviewwith;leitamills viðe-n(spyrjae-nmáls,mælam.ofem), tobroachasubjecttoone;beram.á e-t,hafae-tá (or at)máli, tospeak(talk) of (allirmennhöfðuámáli,hversufríðr maðrhannvar);lúkasínumáli, toend one ’sspeech;þaterm.manna,at, peoplesaythat;(5) tale,story;núerþartil

málsattaka, nowitmustbetold;(6) saw, saying;fornt(fornkveðit)m.er,at, itis anoldsawthat;(7) diction,constructionof sentences;(8) sentence;tvaumál,two sentences;fulltm., afullperiod;(9) suit,action,cause;hefjam.áhendre-m, tobring anactionagainstone;búam., topreparea suit;sœkjam., toprosecute;(10) stipulation,agreement (ekvilhaldamilviðhann þan,semmæltvóru);laussallramála, freeofallstipulations;(11) case,matter,affair (þettam.varviðJórunnirœtt);sváer m.meðvexti, thematterstandsthus;var þatannatm., anothermatter;miðlam., tomediate;tillagagóðrinnastœrrimála, agoodcounselloringreatmatters;hafa sittm., tohaveone’sownway,haveone’s will (honumeiririlla,ofhannhefireigi sittmál);hafamikittilsínsmáls, tohave muchinsupportofone’scase;e-tskiptir miklu(litlu)máli, itisofgreat(small)importance;(12) threemonths (m.okmisseri).

mál,n.(1) measure (fimmálnaerhátt m.hans);leggja,beram.viðe-t, tomeasure (hannlagðim.viðöllinstœrstutré); (2) time,hightime (m.eruppatstanda); sagði,atþávarmiðnóttókatennværi m.atsofa, andstilltimetosleep;(3) meal; íeittm.,ateinumáli, foronesinglemeal; deilamatatmálum, todealoutfoodat each meal. mál,n. inlaidornaments (onthehilts and guards of swords).

mála-efni,n.pl. circumstancesandnatureofacase;góð(ill)-efni, agood(bad) case; -ferli,n.pl. lawsuits,litigation; -flutningr, m. conduct of a case. málafylgis-maðr,m., málafylgjumaðr,m. helperinlawsuits;mikill -maðr, a great taker up of suits.

mála-gipt,f., -gjöf,f. payformilitary service; -gjöld,n.pl.(1) paymentof wages;(2) militarypay; -gull,n. goldin payment of ‘máli’.

mála-hluti,m., -hlutr,m. oneside ofacaseorsuit,one’sshareinacase;mun sáverða-hlutivárrbeztr,at, thebestturn for us that things can take will be that. mála-járn,n. iron(weapon)inlaidwith ornaments (mál).

mála-leitan,f. negotiation,mooting thequestion; -lok,n.pl. endofacase, conclusion; -lyktir,f.pl.=-lok; -maðr, m. = málafylgjumaðr.

mála-maðr,m. amanwhoreceivespay (máli), soldier. málamann-ligr,a. worthyofa ‘málamaðr’.

mála-sax, n. an inlaid sword. mála-silfr,n. silvergiveninpayment of ‘máli’.

mála-skil,n.pl. knowledgeofprocedure; -skot,n. appealinacase; -sókn,f. lawsuit,prosecution; -spell,n. flawina suit. mála-spjót, n. inlaid spear. mála-tilbúnaðr, -tilbúningr,m. preparationofasuit; -vöxtr,m. stateofa case. mál-dagi,m.(1) covenant,agreement; inna-daga, tofulfilanagreement;(2) writtendeed,document (oftherights,property,andinventoriesofchurches); -deili, n.,e-mer-deiliáe-u, itisofimportance to one; -djarfr, a., free-spoken. mál-drykkja,f. ameasureofdrink served for each meal. mál-efni,n. circumstancesofacase; gott -efni, a just case. mál-eldar, m. pl. ‘meal-fires’. málendr,m.pl. partiestoasuit;væri

jafnirm.(ifwewereequallymatched), mundi þess ei óhefnt.

mál-fár (acc. -fán),a.poet. inlaid withornaments,adornedwithcharacters (of a sword).

mál-fimi,f. easeinspeech; -fimliga, adv. eloquently; -fimr,a. talkative; -framr,a. out-spoken; -friðr,m. peace fromsuits (?); -fœrr,a. abletospeak; -gaga,n. organofspeech; -haltr,a. tongue-tied; -hress,a. wellenoughto speak.

máli,m.(1) contract,agreement;(2) wages,soldier’spay;gangaámála, totake service (with a foreign prince).

máligr (acc.málgan),a. talkative,communicative,loquacious (þeirvórumálgir mjök, því at þeir voru úvitrir).

mál-krókar,m.pl. pettifoggery, sophistry; -kunnigr, -kunnr,a. knowingoneanothertospeakto; -laki,m. defectofthespeechorgans; -latr,a. slovenlyinspeaking; -lauss,a. speechless, dumb; -leysa,f. incorrectexpression,bad grammar; -lýzka, f. idiom, dialect. málmr,m.(1) ore (m.,erjárnskalof gera);(2) metal (þannmálm,ergull heitir).

mál-nyta,f. milchtrine; -nytr,a. yieldingmilk,milch;málnytrsmali, milch cattle.

mál-óði,a., -óðr,a. usingviolentlanguage; -reifr,a. talkative,cheerful; -reitinn,a.=-rœtinn; -róf,n. abilityto talk.

málrófs-maðr, m. glib talker. mál-rúm,n. timetospeakin; -rúnar, f.pl. `runesofspeech’,runiccharacters; -rœðinn, -rœtinn, a. talkative, open. máls-bót, f. excuse, exculpation. mál-semd, f. language, speech.

máls-endi,m.=málsemd(leita-enda viðe-n); -eyrendi,n.=mál-semd; -fylling,f. conclusionofacase; -grein, f.(1) sentence;(2) phrase,speech;(3) diction,style; -háttr,m.(1) phrase;(2) proverb.

mál-skipti,n.pl.(1) business,transactions; (2) importance. máls-löstr, m. bad grammar. mál-snild, f. eloquence, oratory. málsnildar-list, f. rhetoric. mál-snilli,f. eloquence; -snjallr,a. eloquent; -spakr,a. wise-spoken; -speki, -spekt,f. wisdominspeech; -staðr,m. case,pointofaquestion; -stafr,m.(1) letterofthealphabet;(2) consonant; -stefna,f. parley,conference; -stofa,f. sleeting-hall,publichall,esp.inhousesof men of rank.

mál-svefn, m. proper sleep. máls-verðr, m. meal. máls-þörf, f. desire to speak. mál-sönnun,f. evidence,reason; -tak, n. diction; -tíð, f. meal. málugliga, adv. loquaciously. málugr, a. = máligr. málungi (=‘málum-gi’,dat.pl.from ‘mál’withnegative -gi);efþyrftakatm. mat, if I needed no meat at meals. mál-vinr, m. friend (to speak with). mál-vöndr, m. measuring wand. mál-þurfi, a. wanting to speak. mána-dagr, m. Monday. mánaðar-frest,n. amonth’snotice; -mót,n. theendofonemonthandthebeginning the next. mánaðr (gen. -ar;pl. -ir and mánaðr), m. month. máni, m., poet. moon. már (gen. más,pl. mávar),m. seamew; ben-, gunnmár, raven (poet.).

má-skári, m. a young sea-mew.

mát, n. check-mate.

máta (að), v. to check-mate. máti,m. manner,way,respect (íengan máta; á allan máta).

mátt-dreginn, -farinn,pp. weak, exhausted, faint. máttigr (acc. máttkan), a. mighty. mátt-lauss,a. withoutstrength,exhausted; -leysi,n. weakness,lackof strength; -lítill,a. oflittlestrength, weak (hann gerist allmáttlítill).

máttr (gen. máttar,dat. mætti),m. (1) might,strength;varmérallsmáttar(I hadtouseallmystrength) áðrekkom henniupp;(2) strength,health;reiðuliga svaraðihón,ofnökkurrspurðiatmætti hennar, ifanyoneaskedhowshewas;er at leið mætti hans, when he began to sink. máttugr, a. = máttigr. máttu-ligr,a.(1) possible (honumer alt máttuligt); (2) mighty. mátu-ligr, a. meet, fitting. með,prep.withdat.andacc.;1.with dat.(1) with,alongwith,togetherwith (Unnrdóttirhansfórmeðhonum;hón hafðiáskipim.sérsextigikarla);(2)denotinghelp,assistance;leggjatilm.em, tohelponebywordordeed; togive oneadvice;fámennm.sér, togetfollowers;(3) bymeansof,with (verjasik meðsverðum,skjöldum);(4) by,through, with,using (meðharðfengiokkappi);m. hlaupi, byrunning;m.einumbug, with onemind;m.samahætti, inthesameway; (5) including,inclusiveof (hundraðmanna m.nábúum);okþatm.,at, andbesides (therewith)that;þanndagoknóttinam., andthenighttoo;(6) among,between (var factumm.þeimbrœðrum);þreytae-t m.sér, tofightitoutamongthemselves; komam.e-m, tocomeamong (maðr,er m.mörgumkemr);(7)denotinginward quality, in (hannhafðiallaþáhlutim. sér,erkonungprýða);(8) along (landit erviðastbygtmeðsjónum);esp.ofdirection,withanadv.denotingthedirection(uppm.,ofanm.,framm.,innm., útm.,etc.);m.stöfnum, fromstemto stern,allalongtheship;biðjamatarmeð bœjum, fromhousetohouse;(9)adverbialusages;m.öllu, altogether,quite;m. ölluskjótt, allofasudden;m.þvíat, in casethat (m.þvíatekfalla); as,because (m.þvíatmennvóruhraustir,þákomast þeiryfirána);(10)withverbs;gangam. barni, togowithchild,mælam., torecommend;II.withacc.(1) with,withthenotionofbearing,bringing,carrying(hann fórtilÍslandsm.konusínaokbörn);fara m.vápn, tocarryaweapon;fig.,farameð sök,mál, toconduct,manageacase;m. engilögskil, innolawfulmanner;(2) with, among;úsnotrm.,esm.aldirkemr, a foolwhenhecomesamongmen;(3)with anordinalnumber;m.tólftamann, with twelvemen,includinghimself; witheleven others. meðal (ám., ím.),prep.withgen., among,between;m.vár or várám., amongus;satþarÞórhallam.brúða, Th. satbetweenthebrides;ellipt.,ganga meðal,ím., tointercedeaspeacemaker (gekkþáNjállím.,sváathvárirhandsöluðu ödrum grið). meðal-,incompds., middle,average; -afterðaleysi,n.,eigi-afterðaleysi, no commonslovenliness; -auki,m. whatis givenintothebargain; -ár,n. average year; -farbauti,m. middlingdestroyer (þeirsögðuþateigi-farbautavera); -ferð,f. intercession; -fífl,n.,eigi-fífl,

noordinaryfool; -fjándi,m. middling fiend (ekætlahanneigi-fjándavera); -fól,n.=-fífl; -för, -ganga,f. intercession. meðalgöngu-maðr,m. intercessor peacemaker. meðal-kafli,m. ‘middle-piece’,thehaft ofaswordbetweenthetwo ‘hjölt’; -klœkismaðr,m. middlingscoundrel (eigi-k.); -lag,n. average;þatvarmeðenubetra -lagi, agoodaverage;í-lagi,-lagi, not very,notoverwell (segirmérþóí-lagi hugrum);-lagigóðgjarn, nottoobenevolent;skiptivárhafaveriðsumgóð,en sumtil-lags, ourdealingshavebeen,some good,someonlymiddling; -maðr,m. averageman;-maðrávöxt, amiddle-sized man; -mann-níðingr, -níðringr,m. (no) middlingscoundrel; -orpning,f. interjection; -pallr,m. middlebench (in the‘lögrétta’); -skræfa,f.eigi-skræfa, agreatcoward; -skömm,f.,eigi-skömm, agreatdisgrace; -snápr,m.,eigi-snápr, nocommonfool; -snotr,a. middling wise; -sœmd,f. commonhonour (ereigi -sœmdateigaslíkanmannatmág); -úspektarmaðr,m. commonpeace-disturber; -úvinr,m.=-fjándi; -vetr,m. averagewinter; -vingjarnligr,a. not very friendly; -þræll, m. average slave. meðan (ám.),adv.(1) inthemeantime, meanwhile (hannbaðþáþardveljastm.); m.at,m.er(es), aslongas,while,whilst; (2) solongas =m.er(hélzthannívináttu við konung m. hann lifði). með-ferð,f.(1) management;vandhœfimunþérþykkjaá-ferðinni, youwill finditdifficulttomanage;(2)hafae-t -ferðar, tohavealongwithone,inone’s keeping;(3) behaviour,conduct;varkonungiþákunnigthverja-ferðekhafða,

howIbehaved; -ferði,n., -för,f.= meðferð; -gangr,m. sidingwith,helping, = fylgi. meðr, prep. = með. með-taka, -tekt, f. reception. meðtöku-maðr, m. receiver. mega (má, mátta, mátt),v.(1) tobe abletodo,withacc.;eigieruAsynjur úhelgariokeigimeguþærminna, they arenotlesspowerful;sváatvérmættim ekki, sothatwecoulddonothing;m.betr, tobethestronger;m.viðe-m, tobeable towithstandone (hannmunekkim.einn viðmörgum);skulumikitþínorðm.við mik, thywordsshallhavemuchweight withme;(2)ofhealth;m.vel, tobewell; m.lítt,illa, tobepoorly (hannspurpi, hversuhannmætti.—Eigimáeknúvel, sagðihann);m.e-m, todoforone (máyðr þat,eryfirmargangengr);(3)withinfin., tobeable;máttþúsjáhana,efþú vill, thoucanstseeher,ifthouwilt;hann máttiekkimæla, hecouldsaynothing;(4) tobepermitted,allowed (hannmáttialdri talatilKjartans,sváatÞorkellvarhjá); númaneigim.sitjandahlutíeiga, one mustnotremainsitting,beinactive;(5)ellipt.,theverbbeingunderstood(lemja manekbogann,efekmá);ferrþatsem má, gothatasitmay;má,at, itispossible that;þeirspurðuhversuþatmætti, how that could be. megandi,pr.p. availing,mighty, strong;fylldihannþatheit,erhannvar m.maðr, assoonashegrewtobemanof might;líttm., feeble,weak;ekkim., powerless, helpless. megin (gen. -s,dat. magni or megni), n.(1) might,power,strenght (svásemá leiðsóttinaminkaðistorumm.hans);(2) themain,chiefpartofathing;alltm.

landsins, the main part of the land. megin or megum,adv.,prop.dat.pl. from‘vegr’;kvennam., onthewomen’s side (inachuch);karlam., onthemen’s side;Hjarðarholtsm., ontheH.side (of theriver);inumvinstram.,hœgram., on theleft(right)side;einunim., fromone sideonly (þarmáttieinumm.atsœkja); öðrumm., ontheotherside (herskipliggjaöðrumm.undirnesinu);báðumm., on bothsides;öllumm., fromallsides;þeim m., on that side. megin-,incompds., main; -afl,n. mainstrength; -á,f. mainriver; -borg, f. themaincastle; -bygð,f. maindistrict; -dómar,m.pl. greatevents; -fjall,n. greatmountain; -flótti,m.(1) general flight;(2) themainbodyoftheflyinghost; -gjörð,f. themaingirdle,girdleofpower; pl.-gjarðar, thegirdleofThor; -góðr,a. mightygood; -haf,n. themain,ocean; -herr, mainarmy; -herað,n. maindistrict; -hyggja,f. wisdom; -höfn,f. main harbour; -land,n. mainland,continent; -lauss,a. withoutstrength; -leysi,n. weakness; -lið,n. mainbodyofanarmy; -ligr,a. important (mál-lig); -lítill, a. oflittlemight,weak; -merki,n. chief standard; -mörk,f. themainforest; -rás, f. maincourse; -rúnar,f.pl. mighty, powerfulrunes(charms); -stormr,m. mightygale; -tírr,m. greatfame; -trygðir,f.pl. afirmtruce; -vel,adv. mightywell; -verk,n. mightyfeat; -þörf, f. great need. megn,n. strength,=megin,máttr (hannhafðifjogurramannam.);umm. e-m, beyondone’sstrength;þettamáler nökkutþérumm.meðatfara, israther too much for you. megn,a. strong,mighty (megntmannfall);meðmegnuhugskoti, withastrong mind. megna (að),v. tobeable,havestrength todoathing (þóatekmegniminnaen einhverryðar);refl.,megnast, togain strength;enersynirþeirratókuatm., when their sons began to grow up. megn-lauss,a. feeble,weak; -lítill, a. faint, exhausted. megra (-ða),v. tomakelean;refl., megrast, to become lean. megrð, f. leanness. megum,adv.=megin;öllumm., from all sides. meiða (-dda,-ddr),v.(1) tohurt,esp. tomaim,injureseriously (hinarakhann órlandi,meiddieðrdrap);(2)ofthings, todamage (finnaþeiratskipitvarmeitt neðan); tospoil,destroy (þátókhannat m. hof ok hörga); (3) refl. to take hurt. meiðing (pl. -ar),f. bodilyinjury, maiming,damaging (ímanndrápumok meiðingum).

meiðingar-laust,adv. unmaimed,unhurt (halda lífi -laust). meiðmar, f. pl. treasures (poet.). meiðr (gen. -s or -ar),m.(1) longitudinalbeam; sledge-runner (þáreifhann meiðinnundansleðanum);fig.,standaá önderverðanmeiðmeðe-m, tostandin theforefrontasachampion,tosupportone; mjökþóttimönnumáeinnmeiðhallast meðheim, itwentallononesidewith them;(2) pole,log;telgjameiðtilrifjar, to cutalogintoaloom-beam;(3) tree (hrafn satáhámmeiði);(4) gallows-tree (veit ek, at ek hekk vindga meiði á). mein,n.(1) hurt,harm,injury,damage; atengumverðim.at, thatitmaydonobodyharm;gerae-mm., todooneharm; hónkvaðþatm.,at, shesaiditwasagreat

pitythat;mikitm.varhonumþat,þáer, agreatlossitwastohimwhen;látaséretím., todenytooneself;hannlétsveininumekkiím., hedeniedtheladnothing;(2) disease,sore (afþvívatniþykkjastmargirbóthafafengitsinnameina); (3) impediments,hindrances (thatmakea marriage unlawful), = meinbugir.

meina (að),v.(1) toharm,doharmto (m.e-m);(2) tohinder,prevent;(3) to forbid,prohibit (ekkimunekm.öðrum mönnumathaldaþátrú,erþeimsýnist).

meina (-ta), v. to mean (rare).

meina-lauss,a.(1) blameless;(2) unhindered;ef-lauster, iftherearenohindrances.

mein-blandinn,pp. poisonous; -bugir,m.pl. impediments,hindrances; -eiðr,m. perjury,falseoath; -fang,n. trouble;leitae-m-fanga, totrytoembarrassone; -fullr,a. noxious; -fœrr,a. dangeroustopass; -gøra (seegøra),v. to offend, harm; -gørð, f. offence.

meinigr (acc. meingan), a. noxious.

meinka (að), v. to do harm to.

mein-kráka,f. evilcrow; -kvikendi, n. noxiousanimal; -lauss,a.(1) harmless, inoffensive;ætlaekmérþat-laust, itwill donoharmtome;at-lausu, withouthindrance;(2) freefromsuffering,painless (aldri síðan varð honum höndin -laus).

meinlát-samr, a. ascetic.

mein-leiki,m. hindrance,=-bugir; -leysi,n. harmlessness,innocence; -liga, adv. painfully; -ligr,a. painful,troublesome; -læta (-tta, -ttr),v. tochastise (læta sér).

meinlæta-samr, a. = meinlátsamr. mein-læti,n.(1) pains,trouble;(2) self-chastisement; -mæli,n. abusivelanguage, = meinyrði.

meinn,a. painful,causingpain (var honumknéitharlameintokúmjúkt); kennasérmeint, tofeelpain;e-mverðr meintviðe-t,afe-u, onetakeshurtbya thing.

mein-samliga,adv. perniciously; -samligr, hurtful,causingpain; -samr,a. evil,noxious; -semd, -semi,f.(1) pain, hurt;(2) disease,sore; -staddr,pp. placedindistress; -stafir,m.pl. baleful staves, charms. meins-vanr, a. guileless. mein-svari,m. perjurer;a. perjured; -sœri, n. perjury. meinsœris-maðr, m. perjurer. mein-tregi,m. affliction,grief; -vættr,f. noxiouswight,harmfulbeing; -yrða (-rða, -rðr),v. toabuseinwords; -yrði, n. pl. abusive words. meir-háttar,adv. ofgreaterimportance (= meira háttar).

meiri (neut. meira),a.compar.,answeringtopos.‘mikill’andsuperl. ‘mestr’,(1) greater,bigger (hannvarhverjummannim.oksterkari);(2) greater, larger,more,ofquantity(meiraféokbetra).

meirr,adv.compar.,answeringto ‘mjök’andsuperl.‘mest’,(1) more (konungrelskaðiHákonm.ennökkurn mannannan);(2) then,afterthat;sitja m.umsáttirsaman, andafterwardssitat peacetogether;(3)withanothercompar.; firrm., fartheroff;sunnarm., moretothe south.

meiss,m. woodenbox,basket (hann hafði mikinn meis á baki).

meistara-dómr,m. mastership,great skill; -samligr, a. masterly. meistari,m.(1) lord,master;(2) master, teacher; (3) scholar.

meita (-tta, -ttr),v. tocut;m.manar, skegg, to cut the mane, beard. meitil-berg, n. an abrupt crag. meitill (-s, meitlar), m. chisel. meitla (að), v. to chisel, cut. meizl,n.,esp.pl.(1) bodilyhurts,injuries; (2) mutilation. meizla, f. = meizl. meizla-högg,n. injuriousblow; -laust, adv. without bodily injury. mekt, f. might; pomp (rare). mektugr, a. mighty, powerful. mél,n. time,moment (áþvímélidreif lið til hans).

mél, n. pl. mouth-bit of a bridle. mel-bakki,m. bankgrownwithlymegrass (melr).

meldr (gen. -rs and -rar),m.(1) grinding (standaatmeldri);(2) flour; Fenju m., Fróða þýja m., gold. mél-dropi,m. foamfromthebit; -greypr,a.poet. champingthebit (marir, dröslar mélgreypir).

melja (malda, maliðr), v. to pound.

melr (-s, -ar),m.(1) lyme-grass;(2) sand-bank, gravel-bank.

mel-rakki,m. arcticfox,whitefox (brenna inni sem m. í greni).

melta (-lta, -ltr),v.(1) tomaltfor brewing (m.korn);(2) todigest (m.valbráðir); also fig. (m. reiði).

mel-torfa,f. turfgrownwithlymegrass (melr).

men (gen.pl. menja),n. necklace (hann battmenitáhálssér);fig.inpl., treasures, jewels (fjöld á ek menja).

mengi, n. multitude. menjar, f. pl. = minjar.

menna (-ta, -tr),v. tomakeamanof, breed;refl.,mennast, tobecomeaman,= mannast.

menni,n.,anickname;butfreq.in compds., góð-, ill-, rík-, fjölmenni.

menni-liga,adv. manfully; -ligr,a. manly, well bred, = mannvænn. menning,f. breeding,upbringing,education (ætt hans ok m. góð).

mennska,f. humannature,humanity;= manndómr.

mennskr,a. human;m.maðr, human being,opp.togiants,ogres,orsupernatural beings.

mennt,f. art,skill,accomplishment (hefir þú til ills þína m.).

menntan, f. breeding, culture. menntr,pp. bred,educated,accomplished (vel m. um marga hluti).

men-skögul, f., poet. lady. men-vörðr, m. keeper of treasures. mergð, f. multitude, plenty (m. fjár).

merg-lauss, a. marrowless. mergr (gen. -jar), m. marrow. merg-und,f. awoundtothemarrow;also mergundar-sár, n. mer-hross, -hryssi, n. mare. merja (mer, marða, mariðr),v. to bruise, crush.

merki (gen.pl. merkja),n.(1) boundary,=landamerki;(2) banner,standard (tókmerkitafstönginni);(3) mark,token,sign (munþattilmerkja,atþeir Grímrmunuheimkoma);þessirmenn, ernáligavórumeðøngummerkjum, of nomark,distinction;(4) remains,traces (þeir lögðu ok garðinn sem enn sér m.).

merki-á,f. boundaryriver; -liga,adv. (1) remarkably;(2) clearly,perceptibly; -ligr,a.(1) perceptible;(2) remarkable, noteworthy,distinguished (upprunihans var-ligr); -máll,a.=merkmáll,merkorðr.

merking (pl. -ar),f.(1) marking;(2)

mark, sign; (3) signification. merkis-burðr,m. thecarryingofthe standard; -maðr,m.(1) standard-bearer; (2) manofmark,distinguishedperson; -stöng, f. standard-pole. merki-stjarna,f. planet; -stöng,f.= merkis-stöng; -tungl, n. = -stjarna. merkja (-ta, -tr),v.(1) tomark (m. eyraáfé);(2) tomark,draw (hannvar merktreptirÞór,okhefirhannhamarí hendi);okm.ánaglinauð, andmark(the character) ‘nauð’ onone’snail;(3) tomark, note,observe (síðanmerktihannþúfuþá, ergriðkonanþerðiáfœtrsína);(4) tonotice,perceive (merktuþeiratsólargangi, atsumaritmunaðiaptrtilvársins);(5) to show,indicate (merktiSunnifaþatíþessu);(6) todenote,signify,mean (vilek,at þú segir drauminn ok hvat hann merkir).

merk-máll, -orðr,a. truthful,trustworthy (-orðr maðr).

merkr,a. ofmark,noteworthy (m.maðr ok sannorðr).

merr (gen. merar,acc.anddat. meri, pl. merar), f. mare. mersing, f. = messing.

messa,f.(1) mass;syngjamessu, to chantthemass;(2)=messudagr(Jónsm., Ólafs m.).

messa (að), v. to say the mass. messing,f. brass (stafrbúinnmeð messingu); messingar-, madeofbrass, brazen (-hestr, -ker, -spánn).

messu-dagr,m. mass-day,feast-day; -djákn,m. deacon,clerk; -embætti,n. officeofthemass,divineservice; -föt, -klæði,n.pl. vestments; -mál,n. mass time; -serkr,m. surplice; -skrúði,m.= -klæði; -sloppr, m. = -serkr. mest,adv.superl.(1) most (þeimvarek verst,erekunnam.);(2) almost (kvað

hann þá m. aðra hönd af Þóri).

mest-háttar, adv. most remarkably. mestr,a.superl. greatest (margirhinir mestu menn); cf. ‘mikill’.

mestu, adv. mostly, nearly. met,n.pl. weights;fig.,komasínum metum við, to have one’s own way. meta (met; mat, mátum; metinn),v. (1) toestimate,value;efþeirkynnim.sik, iftheycouldvaluethemselvesrightly,not puffthemselvesup;m.e-tmikils,lítils, einskis, toattachgreat,little,novalueto; makemuch,little,nothingof;munuþín orðhérumeinskismetin, thywordswill becountedfornaught;(2)m.e-tfjár (kaups,etc.), toputamoney-valueon,to chargefor (aldrimathannfjárlækning sína);m.e-tviðe-n, tonameapriceto oneforathing;metþúviðmikrekkjubúnaðinn, tellmethepriceofthebed-furniture;okvilekeigim.viðþik(Iwillnot chargeyouanything),heldrvilek,atþú þiggirskikkjuna; toleaveittoanotherto decide;allirmátuviðErlingatkvæðium skírsluna, theyallleftittoE.todecide abouttheordeal;viðÞorkelmetekatfá þáhlutitil,erhafaþarf, IleaveittoTh. toprovidethenecessarythings;(3)refl., metasttile-s, tobereckonedas,counted for (baðþágeraþásmíð,ertilafbragðs mætist);m.e-tvið, tocontendabout;ef þeirmetasteiðavið, ifthereisacontest about taking the oaths. metandi (pl. -endr), m. appraiser. met-fé,n. athinghavingaspecialvalue set upon it. metinn, pp., vel m., highly esteemed. metja (met, matta, mattr),v. tolap (with the tongue).

metnaðar-fullr,a. fullofprideorambition; -girnd,f. ambition; -gjarn,a.

ambitious; -leysi,n. modesty; -maðr,m. ambitiousman; -samligr, -samr,a. proud, haughty.

metnaðr (gen. -ar),m.(1) esteem,value (þannmetnaðhefiekáráðagerðum mínum,at);(2) honour,repute (hannvar þarímiklummetnaði);(3) pride,ambition (m.honumþróast,enmannvitaldregi).

metnast (að),v.refl. topuffoneselfup (m. af mikillæti ríkis síns).

met-orð,n.(1) estimate,valuation;(2) esteem,consideration;þeirgørðusvámikil-orðhans,at, theypaidhimsomuch regardthat;sitjayfir-orðummanna, to bear down others.

metorða-maðr,m. manofdistinction (hann var -maðr mestr).

mettr, pp. having eaten one’s fill. mey,f.=mær; -barn,n. femalechild, girl; -dómligr,a. virgin; -dómr,m. maidenhood, virginity. meyja, f. maid, girl, = mær. meyjar-,gen.from‘mær’; -mál,n.pl. mattersrelatingtomarriage; -mundr,m. a maid’s ‘mundr’.

mey-ligr,a. maiden,virgin; girlish; -lífi, n. maiden life. meyrr, a. rotten (m. börkr). mey-staulpa, -stúlka, f. girl. mið,n.(1) themiddle (sávarmestr,erí miðitreið);(2) mark;semekmundahafa m.ámér,ef, whichIshouldhaveexperiencedonmyself,if;(3) fishingbank (indicatedbylandmarksonshore);bregðatil miða, to seek for a fishing bank. miða (að),v. totakenote,mark (E.hafði glöggtmiðatáumkveldit,hvarkonungrinnhvíldi);m.viðe-t, tomarkadistanceorplacebyanotherobject (hlaðhér vörðu,okmiðasváviðþarsemeldrinn brennr).

mið-aldra,a.indecl. middle-aged; -breytis,adv. midway,halfway; -byrði, n. themiddleofaship (skipitvarbreitt um-byrðit); -bœr,m. afarmlyinginthe midst (of three); -degi, n. midday, noon. miðdegis-skeið, n. noon-tide. mið-digr,a. stoutinthewaist; -fasta, f. Mid-Lent; -firðis,adv. inthemiddle ofthefjord; -fylking,f. themiddleofthe line (in battle).

mið-garðr,m. midgarth,theearth; -heimr,m. centreoftheworld; -herðar, f.pl. mid-shoulders; -hjalli,m. middle shelf on a hill-side. miðil (also á or ímiðil),prep.= meðal, milli (miðil svefns ok vöku).

miðja, f. the middle (í miðju).

miðjarðar-haf,n., -sjór,m. the Mediterranean sea. mið-kafli,m. middlepiece; -kvísl,f. middle branch (of a stream).

miðla (að),v.(1) toshare;m.e-met or m.e-tviðe-n, tosharewithanother (Gunnarmiðlaðimörgummönnumhey okmat);skalekeigim.ríkit, Ishallnot sharetherealm;m.sporsín, tomakea step,move (stöndumfastokmiðlumekki sporvár);(2) tomediate;m.mál or málum, tomakeacompromise;(3)refl., miðlaste-tvið, tosharewithoneanother; m. mál við, to make a compromise. miðlan,f.(1) partaking,sharingwith another (m.auðar);(2) compromise (gøra m.áume-t). miðlanar-mál,n.pl. compromise. mið-langr,a. long-waisted,anickname; -leiðis,adv.(1) midway,halfway (erþeirkómu-leiðistilMáfahlíðar);(2) inthemiddle (Ísraelssynirgenguþurt -leiðis um hafit).

miðlung,adv. middlingly,indifferently, poorly;þykkisthannþáveram.staddr, in rather a hard plight. miðlungi, adv. = miðlung.

mið-messa,f. ‘themiddlemass’,matins; -mjór, a. slender in the waist. miðmunda-skeið,n.,thetimewhen thesunismidwaybetweenmidday (twelveo’clock)and‘nón’(threeo’clock), halfpastone (um-skeiðmiðsdagsok nóns); -staðr,m. themiddlepointbetweentwoplacesortimes (í-staðvestrsok útnorðrs).

mið-mundi,m.(1) themiddlebetween twoplaces;þáerSkoðborgaráá-munda, theriverS.ismidway;withgen.,þáersól er-mundanorðrsoklandnorðrs, when thesunismidwaybetweennorthand north-east;(2)=miðmundaskeið(fyrir -mundahófstorrostan,enkonungrféll fyrirnón);(3) moment,weight,importance;allirþeir,erþarhöfðuveritok nökkurr-mundivarat, andwereofany note.

mið-nætti,n. midnight; -pallr,m. the middle bench (of the ‘lögrétta’).

miðr (mið, mitt),a. middle,lyingin themiddle;nærmiðriveröldinni, nearthe middleoftheworld;G.leggrímótiatgeirinumokkomáhannmiðjan, andstruck himinthemiddle;áinvaropinummitt, inthemiddle;miðnótt, midnight (þávar miðnótt);m.dagr, midday (þatvarnær miðjumdegi,erþeirfundust);m.aptann, sixo’clockp.m.;m.morginn, six o ’clocka.m.;atmiðjumvetri,ummiðjan vetr, atmidwinter;mittsumar, midsummer;miðrarbrautar, inthemiddleofthe road.

miðr, adv. = minnr, less. mið-skammr,a. short-waisted; -skeið,

n. middlecourse; -skip,n. middleofa ship (=mittskip); -skipa,adv. amidships; -sumar, n. midsummer (= mitt sumar). miðsumars-helgr,f. midsummer-day; -skeið, n. midsummer time. miðsvetrar-blót,n. midwintersacrifice; -nótt,f. midwinternight (= hökunótt); -skeið, n. midwinter time. mið-syndis,adv. inthemiddleofthe sound (cf. ‘sund’).

miðviku-dagr,m. Wednesday; -morginn, m. Wednesday morning. mið-þröngr, a. tight in the waist. mikil-brjóstaðr,a. stout-hearted, high-minded; -fengligr,a. stout-looking; -gjarn,a. aspiringtogreatthings; -gæfr,a. ofgreatimportance; -hugaðr, a. big-spirited; -hœfr,a. stately,eminent. mikill (acc. mikinn,neut. mikit),a. (1) great,tall,ofstature(m.vexti,maðr m.oksterkr);(2) great,large,inbulkor size(mikileyokgóð);áinvarmikil, the riverwasswollen;(3)ofquantity, great, much (m.viðr,mikildrykkjuföng);(4) great,prominent (skörungrm.,málafylgjumaðrm.);m.drykkjumaðr, agreat drunkard;vetrm., aseverewinter;með mikillisnild, withgreatskill;(5)acc. ‘mikinn’usedasadv.;ríða(fara)m., to ride(go)fast;róam., topullhard;(6) neut.assubst., much;skiptamiklu, to beofgreatimportance;dat.,‘miklu’with compar., much,byfar (m.betr;m.meiri maðrenáðr);withsuperl.,m.mestr, by farthegreatest,theverygreatest;neut.as adv.,mikit, greatly,much,=mjök(hón unni honum m.).

mikil-látr,a. proud,grand; -leikr, m. greatness,largeness; -leitr,a. having marked(prominent)features; -liga,adv. (1) greatly;(2) proudly (láta-liga); -ligr,

a. grand,considerable; -lætast (tt),v. refl. toprideoneself; -læti,n. pride, pomp; -mannliga,adv. magnificently; -mannligr,a. grand,magnificent,generous; -menni,n. great,powerfulman; -menska,f. greatness,magnificence; -mæli,n. highwords; -ráðr,a. imperious; -ræði,n. greatfeat; -úðligr,a. imposing; -vegligr,a. magnificent; -virkr,a. doinggreatwork; -vænligr,a. important; -þægr, a. exacting. mikils-háttar, adv. distinguished. mikjáls-messa, f. Michaelmas. mikla (að),v.(1) tomakegreat,increase,magnify;m.sik, toprideoneself; (2)impers.,e-mmiklare-t, onewonders at (konungimiklarþatmeðsjálfumsér, at);(3)refl.,miklast, toacquirefame (ef konungrvillm.afþessu); toprideoneself (engimaðrmiklisteðastœristafsinni ætt).

miklan, f. increase, greatness. mild-hugaðr, a. mild, kind-hearted. mildi, f. kindness, mercy, grace. mildingr (-s, -ar),m.,poet. aliberal man (örr maðr heitir m.).

mildi-verk, n. work of charity.

mild-leikr,m. mildness,mercy; -liga, adv. mildly, gently; -ligr, a. mild, gentle. mildr,a.(1) mild,gentle,gracious;(2) munificent, liberal (m. af fé).

milli,prep.withgen.,also millim, millum,(1) between (m.skógarinsok árinnar);síná(or í)m., between(among) themselves;siglam.landa, fromoneland toanother;(2)specialusages;varenn meirrvönduðveizlaenþessím., more thanotherwise;umaðrahlutivarskamt m.málskonunga, inotherthingsthere wasnogreatdifferencebetweenthem; standaím., tostandbetween,hinder;

máttiþarekkiímillimsjá,hvárraf öðrummyndibera, itcouldnotbeseen whichofthetwowouldgetthebetterofit; (3)ellipt.in‘m.ok’;uppmeðánni,m. (viz. árinnar or hennar)okskógarins, up along the river, between (it) and the forest. millim, millum, prep. = milli. millum-ferð,f. goingbetween,mediation (bréfsendingar ok -ferðir).

milti, n. milt, spleen. minja-gripr,m. heirloom,keepsake (saxit var minjagripr þeirra).

minjar,f.pl. memorial,souvenir,keepsake (hanntókhringinnDraupnioksendiÓðnitilminja;þessagripiskaltueiga at minjum).

minka (að), v., see ‘minnka’. minn (mín, mitt), pron. my, mine. minna (-ta, -tr),v.(1) toremindof (m. e-ne-s or e-náe-t);hónhefirmikminnt þeirrahluta, or minntmikáþáhluti, she hasremindedmeofthosethings;(2)impers.,mikminnire-s, Iremember,think of (ávallterekséfagrarkonur,þáminnirmikþessarrarkonu);(3)refl.,minnaste-s, toremember,calltomind (H. minntistþess,atA.hafðiræntaokbarða húskarlahans);eigiværiallfjarriatm. þínínökkuru, toremembertheewithsome smallpittance,givetheesometrifle;m.á e-t, tobearinmind,remember;þámunu vérm.áhinnfornafjándskap, thenwe willbearinmindtheoldfeud; tomention, talkof (hannminntistþáámargalutiþá, er fyrr höfðu verit).

minnast (t),v.refl. tokiss (m.viðe-n or tile-s);hannsprattuppímótihonum okminntisttilhans, heroseandkissed him.

minni,n.(1) memory (hannmisstiminnisokþóttinærsemvitstolinn)leggjae-t

ím., tolayupinthemind;rekam.tiles, tocalltomind;(2)esp.inpl. memorials (slíkm.hafaÍslendingarHaraldskonungsokmörgönnur);settireptir(viz. dauða)bautasteinartilminnis, asa memorial;(3) memory,ofpasttime;þeir ervórufyrirvártm., wholivedbeforewe canremember;(4) memorialcup,toast (at oldsacrificesandbanquets);mælafyrir minnum, to propose a toast. minni,a.compar., minnstr,a.superl.,answeringto‘lítill’, less,smaller; least,smallest (varminnakarpþitt, meðanH.konungrlifði);ersákallaðr minnimaðr (lowerinrank),eröðrumfóstrar barn. minni,n. mouth (ofariver,fjord,valley), = mynni. minnigr,a.(1) havingagoodmemory (Hallrvarmaðrstórvitrokm);(2)m.es, mindfulof,bearinginmind (m.þeirra meingørða, er).

minni-liga,adv. inmemory (atþau frægðarverkskyldu-ligahaldast); -ligr, a. memorable.

minning (pl. -ar),f.(1) memory,recollection,remembrance;ím.e-s, inmemory of (íhverjam.heldrþúþennadag?);(2) inpl. traces (engarminningarvórueptir hansmeina);(3) gift,present;(4) requital, revenge (þóttisjám.betrieneigi);(5) admonition,foreboding (þessim.varðnáliga hverjanótt);(6) mention,suggestion,proposal (gørði G. þá m., at).

minningar-mark,n. monument; -verðr,a. memorable,worthremembering (þat sýnist mönnum -vert).

minni-samligr,a., -samr,a. memorable,nottobeforgotten (munþérþat minnisamt);gørae-mhríð-sama, to make one remember an attack.

minnis-drykkja,f. abanquetwhere thereare ‘minni’ (toasts); -horn,n. memorialhorn; -stœðr,a.=minnisamr; -veig,f. adrinktorestoreremembrance; -öl, n. = -veig.

minnka (að),v.(1) tolessen,diminish; fig.,m.sik,virðingsína, toloweroneself; impers.,minnkare-t, itabates,decreases (biðuþeirþess,erminnkaðiísana);(2) togrowless,=minnkast;(3)refl., minnkast, togrowless,decrease (þótti mér mikit vaxa mín virðing, en m. ekki). minnkan, f. decrease, diminishing. minnr,adv.compar. less (þeirsemvitrarivóruokm.drukknir);withdat., vetrim.enhálf-sextugr, fifty-fouryears old;veralífim., tobeminusone’slife,lifeless,dead;engum., noless;minnren, less than. minnst,adv.superl. least;m.mánað, atleastamonth; minnstr,a.superl. least; see ‘minni’. mis, ámis (olderform miss),adv. amiss; soastomiss;farastþeirhjáám., they pass each other without meeting. mis-bjóða (see bjóða),v. tooffend;emþykkirsér-boðitíe-u, onefeelsoffendedat,takesitill; -brigði,a. offence; -dauði,m. deathatdifferenttimes;ef -dauðiþeirrayrði, ifoneofthemshould diebeforetheother; -deild,f. quarrel; -deili,n. ‘wrongdealing’,unduepreference; -djúpr,a. ofunequaldepth; now shallow,nowdeep; -dýpi,n. unequal depth; -eldri,n. disparityinage (-eldri þeirrabrœðravarmikit); -fall,n. mishap,mischance; -falla (see falla), v. tohappenamiss; -fangi,m. mistake; -fara (see fara),v. totreatamiss,outrage (-farae-u or meðe-u);e-m-ferst, it goesamisswithone; -fari,m. difference

inspeed; -fengr,a. missingone’saim; -ferli,n.(1) misconduct;(2) mishap; -fróðr,a. ofdifferentopinion; -för,f. (1) misconduct;(2)inpl. mishaps,miscarriage,accident; -ganga,f.(1) dissent; (2) misconduct;(3) spring-tide =-göng; -góðr,a. partlygood,partlybad; -gruna (að),v. tosuspect; -göng,n.pl., -göngur,f.pl. springtide; -gøra (see gøra), v. todoamiss,transgress; -gørð, -gørning,f., -gørningr,m. misdeed,transgression; -haldinn,pp. wronged,notgettingfairtreatment; -heldi,n. unfair treatment; -hljóðan,f. discordance; -hugi,a.,vera-hugiviðe-n, tobeatvariancewith; -hugna (að),v. todisplease; -högg,n. strikingamiss; -innt,pp.n., e-mverðr-innt, onemakesamistake(in speaking); -jafn,a. uneven,unequal,of variousqualities,indifferent,ratherbad (samfararþeirravóru-jafnar);mœta -jöfnu, tomeetwithhardships (sáverðr atmœta-jöfnu,ervíðaferr);þessiætlan þóttimönnum-jöfn, thereweredifferent opinionsaboutthisundertaking; -jafna (að),v. tomakeunequal,shareunequally; -jafnafrásögnummenn, togiveadifferentaccountof,speakwellofoneandill ofanother; -jafnaðr,m. unequalsharing,odds; -jafnan,f.=-jafnaðr; -kast, n. throwingaway;farastat-köstum, tobe wasted; -kenna (-da, -dr),v. tomistake for another. miski,m. offence,harm;gørae-mtil miska, to offend, wrong a person. mis-kunn,f. forgiveness,mercy,grace (villÞ.gefastuppímittvaldtil-kunnar); ím.konungs, attheking’smercy;gøra -kunnáe-m, toshowmercyto; -kunna (að),v. toshowmercyto,dealmercifully with, pardon (-kunna e-m, máli e-s).

miskunnar-andi,m. spiritofmercy; -augu,n.pl. eyesofmercy;líta-augum tile-s, tolookinmercyon; -bragð,n. act ofgrace; -dómr,m. mercifuljudgment; -faðmr,m. bosomofmercy; -gjöf,f. graciousgift; -heit,n. promiseofmercy; -hugr,m. mercifuldisposition; -lauss, a. merciless,unforgiving; -leysi,n. hardnessofheart,cruelty; -maðr,m. objectof charity; -verk,n. workofmercyorcharity.

miskunn-lauss,a. findingnomercy; -samliga,adv. mercifully; -samr,a. merciful; -semd, -semi,f. compassion,mercifulness.

mis-kveða (see kveða), v. = -mæla. miskviða-laust,adv. withoutmaking anyslip (‘miskviðr’) inthepleading (hann sótti málit -laust).

mis-kviðr,m. aslipinthepleading (beforeacourt); -leggja (see leggja),v. to layamiss;fig.,e-meru-lagðarhendr, one doesthecontraryofwhatoneoughttodo; -litr,a. party-coloured,variegated; -líka (að),v. todislike,bedispleasedwith (em-líkare-t); -líkan,f. dislike; -lítast (see líta),v.refl.,e-m-lízte-t, oneis mistakenaboutathing; -lyndi,n. fickleness; -lyndr,a. fickle-minded; -lýti, n.pl. faults,flaws; -lögur,f.pl.,leggja fœtrna-lögum, tolaythefeetacross; -munr,m. difference,disproportion; -mæla (-ta, -tr),v. tomakeaslipof thetongue (Þórðivarð-mælt); -mæli,n. slipofthetongue (mæla-mæli);e-mverðr -mæliámunni, onemakesaslipofthe tongue; -ráðit,pp.n.,e-uer-ráðit, it isill-advised; -ræði,n. ill-adviseddeed; -rœða,f. impropriety (drýgja-rœðuvið konu).

miss, á miss, adv. = mis, á mis.

missa (-ta, -tr),v.(1) tomiss,failin hitting (Kolrsveiflaðitilhansøxiokmisstihans);(2) tobewithout (þeirhöfðu lengimatarmisst);impers.,missire-s, itceases;þarsemmisstihúsanna, where therewerenolongeranyhouses;(3) to miss,feelthewantof (missumvérnú Hákonar,frændamíns);m.fótanna, to slipwiththefeet,missone’sfooting;impers.,efmínmissirvið, ifIshoulddie; (4) tolose,sufferlossof;ekhefimikils misst, Ihavehadagreatloss;(5)withacc. tolose,esp.inlaterwriters(vérhöfum misst frændr vára). missa,f. loss (meguvérnúeigiþegja yfir missu okkarri).

mis-sáttr,a. disagreeing,atvariance; -segja (see segja),v. torelatewronglyor incorrectly. misseri,n.(1) season,aperiodofsix months,halfyear (árheitirtvaum.);sams misseris, inthesameseason;(2)inpl. twelvemonth,year (erþauhöfðuásamt veriteinm.,áttuþauson);önnurm., the nexttwelvemonth;átveimhinumfyrrum misserum, inthetwoprecedingyears;öllum misserum, all the year round. missi-fengr, a. missing one’s aim. missir (gen. -is), m. loss, = missa. mis-síðr,a. ofunequallength (ofagarment); -sjá (see sjá),v. toseeamiss; -skipta (-pta, -ptr),v. toshareunequally; -smíði,n.pl., mistakesinawork (svá ateigiverðistór-smíðiá);sjá,finna -smíðiáe-u, tofind,seefaultsinathing; -stórr,a. ofdifferentsize; -svefni,n. sleepingandwakingalternately; -sýnast (see sýna),v.refl.,e-m-sýnist, onesees wrong,ismistaken (allmjök-sýnistslíkum mannisemBroddier); -sýni,n. deception ofsight,mistake; -sæll,a. ofunequalhap-

piness; -sætti, n. discord. mist, f. a Valkyrie. mis-taka (see taka),v.(1) totakeby mistake;(2)e-mverðr-tekittile-s, one doesathingwrongly;refl.,-takast, tomiscarry; -tala (að),v. tomakeaslipwith thetongue; -tekja,f.(1) mistake;(2) wrongful taking.

mistil-teinn, m. mistletoe. mis-trúa (see trúa),v. tomistrust,disbelieve; -trúnaðr,m. mistrust,doubt; -tryggja (-ða, -ðr),v.=-trúa; -verk, -verki,n. misdeed; -vitr,a. notalways equallywise; -þokkaðr,pp. offensive, displeasing,withdat.; -þokki,m. displeasure,dislike; -þokknast (að),v.refl. todisplease; -þykki,n. discord; -þykkja, f. discord; -þykt,f.(1) displeasure;(2) discord; -þyrma (-da, -t),v. toviolate, damage,outrage; -þyrming,f. maltreatment, outrage. míga (míg; meig, migum; miginn),v. to make water. míla, f. mile (rare).

mjaðar-,gen.from‘mjöðr’; -bytta,f. mead-tub; -drykkja,f. mead-drinking; -ístra,f. mead-paunch; -lögr,m. meadliquor.

mjaðmar-,gen.from‘mjöðm’; -bein, n. hip-bone; -bragð,n. hip-trick (in wrestling); -höfuð,n. theheadofthe thigh-bone. mjall-hvítr, a. snow-white. mjaltir,f.pl. milking (vóruþákonur at mjöltum).

mjaltr, a. giving milk, milch. mjó-beinn,a. slender-legged (anickname); -eygr, a. narrow-eyed. mjófast (að),v.refl. tobecomenarrow (sundin mjófast til útsiglingar).

mjó-fingraðr, a. slender-fingered.

mjó-hundr M moldar-auki

mjó-hundr,m. greyhound; -leitr,a. narrow-faced, opp. to ‘breiðleitr’.

mjókka (að), v. = mjófast.

mjólk (gen. mjólkr), f. milk. mjólka (að),v.(1) tomilk;(2) togive milk (geitr mjólkuðu sem kýr).

mjólk-á, f. milk-stream. mjólki, m. milksop (m. þinn!).

mjólkr, a. milch, giving milk.

mjór (mjó, mjótt),a.(1) thin,slender, slim;mjóttband, aslendercord;(2) pointed (m.knífsoddr);(3) narrow,opp.to ‘breiðr’ (þar var mjótt sund ok djúpt).

mjó-rakki, m. = mjó-hundr.

mjúk-dómr,m. meekness; -fingraðr, a. soft-fingered; -hendr,a. softhanded; -hjartaðr,a. tender-hearted; -látr,a. meek,gentle; -leikr,m. nimbleness, agility; -liga,adv.(1) softly,tenderly;(2) nimbly;(3) gently,mildly (tala-liga);

-ligr,a. meek,soft; -lyndi,n. meekness; -lyndr,a. meek-tempered,gentle; -læta (-tta, -ttr),v. tohumble (-lætasik);

-læti,n. meekness,gentleness; -orðr,a. smooth-spoken.

mjúkr,a.(1) soft tothetouch,opp. to‘harðr’(mjúktskinn);(2) agile,supple (m.okvelglímufœrr);(3) easy,comfortable (þóttiþeimþatmjúkaraattaka,er laustflaut);(4) meek,pliable,gentle (þér munu menninir mjúkari en mér).

mjúk-ræss,a. runningsmoothly (ofa ship); -tœkr, a. touching gently. mjöð-drekka,f. mead-cask; -drukkinn,pp. ‘mead-drunk’; -drykkja, f. mead-drinking. mjöðm (gen. mjaðmar,pl. mjaðmir), f. hip;bregðae-mám., tothrowone’santagonist by a hip-trick (mjaðmarbragð). mjöðr (gen. mjaðar,dat. miði),m. mead;blandamjöð, toblendmead;

grasaðr m., spiced mead. mjöð-rann, n. mead-hall. mjök,adv.(1)withverbs, much,greatly (hannskautm.tilráðadóttursinnar);(2) withadjs.andadvs. very (harðlyndrm.); (3) almost,verynearly (hannvardauðrm. af kulda).

mjöl (gen. mjöls,dat. mjöli, mjölvi), n. meal,flour (skiphlaðitafmaltiok mjölvi); -belgr,m. meal-bag; -kaup,n. pl. purchaseofmeal (faraatmjölkaupum); -kýll, m. = -belgr.

mjöll (gen. mjallar), freshpowdery snow (sásnjór,erhvítastrer,okílogni fellr, ok m. er kallaðr).

mjöl-leyfi,n. licencetoexportmeal; -sáld,n. ameasureofmeal; -skuld,f. renttobepaidinmeal; -vætt,f. aweight (40 lbs.) of meal.

mjörkva-flaug, f. drifting fog. mjörkvi, m. dense fog = myrkvi.

mjöt, n. pl., poet. the right measure. mjötuðr,m.(1) dispenseroffate,ruler, judge;(2) bane,death (sverðheitirmanns m.); (3) = mjötviðr.

mjöt-viðr, m. the world-tree (?). moð, n. refuse of hay. moka (að),v.(1)withdat. toshovel (m. ösku,snjó,myki);(2)withacc. tocleanse byshovelling,toclearofdung,etc.(m. flór, kvíar, fjós).

mokstr, m. shovelling. mola (að),v. tocrush,breakintosmall pieces (hauss hans molaðist).

mold (dat. moldu),f.(1) mould,earth (hlóðusíðanatgrjótiokjósuatmoldu); (2) earth,theground;fyrirm.ofan, above earth,alive;fyrirm.neðan, beneaththe earth,underground;hnígatilmoldar, to die.

moldar-auki,m. ‘mould’seke’,dust;

verðaat-auka, tobeturnedintodust; -bakki,m. earth-bank; -flaga,f. ‘earthflag’, sod. mold-bakki,m.=moldarbakki; -búi, m. mould-dweller,ghost; -hrúga,f. heap ofearth; -oxi,m. ‘mould-grub’,anickname; -reykr,m., -ryk,n. cloudofdust. moldugr, a. covered with mould. mold-vegr,m. pathofearth (léthón marfara-vegsléttan); -þinurr,m. ‘the earth-thong’ (theserpent‘Miðgarðsormr’).

moli,m. smallpiece,crumb;alsocollect. bits,fragments (haussinnbrotnaðií smán mola).

molna (að), v. to crumble into dust. morð,n. murder (kalliðþérþateigim., at drepa menn um nætr?). morð-för,f. death(bymurder); -gjarn, a. murderous. morðingi (pl. -jar), m. murderer. morð-járn,n. murderousweapon; -vargr,m. murderer; -verk, -víg,n. murder (náttvíg eru morðvíg). morgin-drykkja,f. morning-drinking; -dögg,f. morning-dew; -gjöf,f. bridal gift (onthemorningafterthewedding); -leið,f. amorning’swalk; -mál,n. morning milking-time. morginn (-s,pl. mornar, morgnar), m. morning;ámorgin, to-morrow;at morni, nextmorning (konungrdvaldist þarumnótt,enatmornibjóhannferð sína);ímorgin, this(past)morning (dauðansegirþúþannnú,ervérhöfum hjalatviðímorgin); tomorrow (ímorgin, semljóster,skuluvérrannsakabœinn); um morgininn (eptir), next morning. morgin-skin,n. morninglight; -sól,f. therisingsun; -stjarna,f. themorning star; -tíðir,f.pl. matins; -veiðr,f.

morning catch; -verk, n. morning work.

morgna (að),v. tobecomemorning, dawn (þar til er morgnat var mjök).

morgunn, m. = morginn. morkna (að), v. to become rotten. morn, f. pining away. morna (að), v. = morgna. morna (að),v.(1) towasteorpineaway (m.okþorna);(2) tocausetopine (þik morn morni!).

mornan, f. morning, dawn. mosa-vaxinn, pp. moss-grown. mosi, m. (1) moss; (2) moorland. mosóttr, a. mossy, moss-grown. motr (gen. -rs),m. alady’sheadgear (m. snjóhvítr ok gullofinn).

motra, f. a woman wearing a ‘motr’. móast (að), v. refl. to be digested. mó-álóttr,a. withadarkstreakalong theback (ofahorse); -brúnn,a. dark brown, dun. móða, f. large river. móð-akarn, n. ‘mood-acorn’, heart. móðerni,n.(1) mother’sside,oflineage;atm., onthemother’sside;(2) maternalorigin (eimunlogittilmóðernis þíns); (3) motherhood. móðir (gen.,dat.andacc. móður or mœðr; pl. mœðr), f. mother. móð-ligr, a. excited, vehement. móðr,m. excitement,wrath,passion (þá gekkafhonummóðrinn,oksefaðist hann).

móðr,a. weary,exhausted,wornout (hann var m. mjök af göngu).

móð-tregi, m. deep sorrow. móðugr (acc. móðgan),a. moody,excited; m. á munað, bent on lust. móður-arfr,m. maternalinheritance; -bróðir,m. uncle; -faðir,m. grandfather; -frændr,m.pl. kinsmenonthe

mother’sside; -kviðr,m. mother’swomb; -kyn,n. mother’skin; -lauss,a. motherless; -leggr,m. mother’sside; -ligr, a. motherly; -sonr,m. mother’sson;engi -son, notalivingsoul; -systir,f. aunt; -tunga,f. one’smother-tongue; -ætt,f. kinsfolk on the mother’s side. mó-hella,f. (slabof)tufa; -kolla,f. aewewithaduskyhead; -kollóttr,a. with a dusky head (of sheep).

mór (gen. mós,pl. móar),m. moor, heath, barren moorland. mó-rauðr,a. yellowishbrown; -rendr, a. russet (ofwadmal); -skjóttr,a. dunpiebald.

mót,n.(1) meeting;mælam.meðsér, tofixameeting;(2) town-meeting (var blásittilmótsíbœnumoksagt,atkonungrvilditalaviðbœjarmenn);(3) joint,juncture (cf.‘liðamót’);(4)in prepositionalandadverbialphrases;á mót,ímóte-m, tomeetaperson (ganga, ríðaá or ímóte-m); against (mæla,standaá or ímóte-u);ímót, inreturn,inexchange;ámóti,ímóti,atmóti(e-m)=í mót;snúaímótie-m, toturnagainstone; rísaímótie-u, toriseagainst,withstand; mikiterþatímótierfðinniminni, that ismuchwhensetagainstwhatIshallleave behindme;tilmótsviðe-n, tomeetone; haldatilmótsviðe-n, tomarchagainst one;veratilmóts, tobeontheopposite side;miklirkapparerutilmóts, thereare greatchampionstocontendwith;eigae-t tilmótsviðe-n, toownathingincommon withanother (=tiljafnsviðe-n);gøraettilmótsviðe-n, toequaloneinathing (enganvissaekþann,erþatlékitilmóts við mik).

mót,prep.withdat. tomeet,towards, etc. = í mót (see ‘mót’ 4).

mót,n.(1) image,stamp (m.ápeningi); (2) model (skaltusmíðahúseptirþví móti,semekmunsýnaþér);(3) mark, sign (máttusjám.á,erhónhlærvið hvertorð)cf.‘ambáttar-,manns-,ættar,œsku-mót’;(4) manner,way;meðkynligu(undarligu)móti, inastrangemanner;mikillfjöldidýrameðöllumóti, of everyshapeandmanner;meðþvímóti, inthatway;meðþvímóti,at, insucha waythat;meðlitlu(minna)móti, ina small(less)degree;meðengumóti, byno means; frá móti, abnormal. móta (að),v.(1) toform,shape;(2) to stamp, coin (mótaðr peningr).

mót-bára,f.(1) ‘counter-wave,’objection;(2) adversity; -bárligr,a. adverse; -blástr,m. opposition; -burðr,m. coincidence; -dráttr, -drœgi,n. opposition, resistance; -drœgr,a. adverse,opposed; -ferðir,f.pl. opposition;veraí-ferðum viðe-n, toresist,goagainstone; -ferli, n. adversity.

mót-fjalar, -fjalir,f.pl. theplatform on which meetings were held.

mót-för,f. resistance,opposition (vera í-förviðe-n); -ganga,f.=-för(veitaem-göngu,veraí-gönguviðe-n); -gangr, m. = -ganga.

mótgangs-maðr,m. opponent,adversary (heilagrar kristni -menn).

mót-gørð,f. offence,annoyance (effóstra mínum væri eigi -gørð í).

mótgørða-samr,a. giventooffendor annoy (one).

mót-horn,n. ‘meeting-horn’,trumpet (rödd sem ógurligt -horn).

mót-högg,n. blowinfront,opp.to ‘bakslag’.

móti,prep.withdat.=ímóti,(1) against,contraryto (þatvarbæðim.guðs

lögumokheilagrarkirkju);(2) inthedirectionof,towards,=ígegn(áþannbekk, ervissim.solu);konungrleitm.honum, thekinglookedtowardshim;(3) inreturn for (gafjarlkonungigóðorðm.vináttu hans);(4)oftime, towards (m.degi);m. vetri, towards the setting in of the winter. mót-kast, n. objection, opposition. mót-lauss,a. withoutajoin (ofaring); -likt,adv. similarly,inalikemanner (líktferrannanaptan); -mark,n. stamp; -mæla (-ta, -tr),v. tocontradict; -mæli,n. contradiction; -reið,f. encounteronhorseback; -reist,f. resistance; -ris, n. = -reist. móts,gen.from‘mót’;m.viðe-n=til mótsvið,see‘mót’4(ekskalfaram.við þá).

mót-settr,pp. adverseto (e-m); -snúinn,pp. adverse,opposedto (e-m); -staða,f. resistance; -staðligr,a. opposing, hostile. mót-stefna,f. ameetingpreviously fixed or arranged. mót-stœðligr, a. = -staðligr. mótstöðu-flokkr,m. oppositionparty; -maðr,m. antagonist,adversary (mótstöðumenn Gunnars).

mót-svar,n. answer,reply; -tak,n. resistance,defence; -taka,f.=-tak; -viðri, n. contrary wind. mót-völlr, m. place of meeting. mót-þrói,m. hostility; -þykki,n. dislike, displeasure. muðla (að),v. tomumble;m.fyrirmuni sér, to mutter to oneself. muðlan, f. mumbling. muðr (gen. munns), m. = munnr. mugga, f. mugginess, drizzling mist. muggu-veðr,n. muggy,mistyweather (snæskafa eða -veðr).

muna (man, munda, munaðr),v. to remember (mantunökkut,hverorðek hafðaþarum?Þatmanekgörla);m. langtfram, torememberfarback;m.tiles, tohaverecollectionof (spyrrSveinnkonungr,hvártþeirmunitilheitstrengingarsinnar);m.e-me-t, toremembera thingagainstone (skaleknú,segirhón, muna þér kinn-hestinn).

muna (að),v.(1) tomove,remove,with dat.;m.útgarði, toshiftthefencefarther off,widenit;mérerórminnimunat, I havequiteforgottenit;intrans.,m.fram, tomoveforward,advance (miðlumekki sporvár,nemavérmunimfram);(2) to makeadifference,withdat.ofthe amount(sváatmunihálfristikuítíu stikum).

muna (að),v.impers.;e-nmunar, one longs, desires (rare).

munaðar-lifnaðr,m. lifeofpleasure; = munúð-lífi.

munaðr (gen. -ar), m. voluptuous life. muna-fullr, a. delightful. munar-heimr,m. homeofhappiness; -lauss, joyless, unhappy. mund,n. time,hightime (erþúhefir görtþetta,þámunþérm.órhauginumá braut);(í)þatm., at(by,about)thattime; withgen.,íþatm.dags, atthattimeofthe day;önnurmisseriíþettam., thistime nextyear;íþaum., inthosedays;irregularpl. mundir,f.,hannbaðmennsína bíðatilannarsdagsíþærmundir, waittill the same hour next day. mund (dat. mundu), f. hand. munda (að),v. toaim,point,witha weapon(Gunnarrmuneigilengim.atgeirinum,efhannfœrirhannálopt); recipr.,mundastat or til, topointatone another (with weapons).

mundang,n. thetongueofthebalance, themeanbetweentwoextremes,moderation;hærranafnenm.væri, thanwasfit andproper;gen.sing.‘mundangs’,and gen.pl.‘mundanga’usedasadv., moderately,inafairdegree (mundangsmikit, mundanga heitr).

mundang-leikr,m. moderation; -liga,adv., justly,duly; -ligr,a. just, due, proper (-ligt hóf).

mundangs-hóf,n. thetruemiddle, goldenmean,duemoderation;með-hófi, moderately,duly,fitly; -maðr,m. moderate man. mundar-mál,n. agreementabouta woman ’ s ‘mundr’.

mundia-fjöll, n. pl. the Alps. mund-laug,f. basinusedinwashingthe hands (hanntókmundlaugarþrjárfáðar með gulli).

mund-mál, n. = mundarmál. mundr (gen. -ar),m. thesumwhichthe bridegroomhadtopayforhisbride,and whichaftertheweddingbecameherown property.

mund-riði, m. handle of a shield. mun-gát, n. ale, small beer. mungáts-gørð,f. brewingof ‘mungát’; -tunna, f. ale-cask. munka-búnaðr,m. monasticdress; -klæði,n.pl. monasticdress; -kufl,m. monk’shabit; -lifnaðr,m. monasticlife; -siðr, m. conventual rule. munk-ligr,a. monkish,monastic; -líf, -lífi, n. monastery. munkr (-s, -ar), m. monk, friar. mun-ligr, a. desirable, advantageous. munn-eiðr,m. swearing (asapractice); -fyllr, f. mouthful. munni, m. mouth, opening. munn-lítill,a. withasmallmouth;

-ljótr,a. withanugly-shapedmouth; -nám,n.;meðorðum-náms, withthe words of his mouth. munnr (-s, -ar),oldnom. muðr,m. (1) mouth;mælafyrirmunnisér, tosayin alowvoice;e-mverðre-támunni, one happenstosay (þatvarðhenniámunni, erhónsáþetta:‘sjábenmarkarspjóti spor’);mælaafmunnifram, toextemporize;(2) thesteeledgeofanaxeorhammer. munn-rugl, n. twaddle. munns-höfn,f. language;hafagóða -höfn, to use good language. munn-skálp,n. idletalk; -vani,a. mouthless; -víðr, a. wide-mouthed. munr (-ar, -ir),m.(1) mind;e-mleikr ímun, onehasamindto,feelsinclindedto (=leikre-mískapi);munarstríð, heart’s grief;(2) mind,longing,delight;atmínum munum, tomymind;grátaatmun, to weepheartily;atmannskismunum, to pleaseanybody;leitae-mmunar, tocomfortone;(3) love;sáinnmáttkim., allpowerfullove;vættakmínsmunar, Iwaitedformylove;komastámuniviðe-n, toinsinuateoneself,becomeintimate,with one.

munr (-ar, -ir),m.(1) difference (hví gørirþúsvámikinnmunbarnanna);er þess,mikillm.,hvárt, itmakesagreat difference,whether;(2) moment,importance;e-merm.undire-u, itisofimportancetoone (athannskyldisegjahonum þáhluti,erhonumværim.undiratvita); e-merm.ate-u, itisofsomemoment (ok mættiþérverðamunrat,atþeirværiþér heldrsinnaðirenímóti);metamuninn, tohesitate (Hrólfrmateigimunineptir þeimatfara);Grímrgørðiokþannmun allan,erhannmátti, G.strainedevery

nerve;(3)thedat.‘muni’or‘mun’before acompar., somewhat (=nökkuru), considerably,agooddeal;ljóstumunkyrrara, strikesomewhatmoregently;meðmuni minnaliði, withconsideralbylessforce; addingapronoun,þeimmun(beforea compar.)=því;þeimmunbetr, somuch thebetter;engummun=engu;engum munverr, noworse;(4) whatiswanted, required;ermikillamunavant or ávant, muchiswanting (þóttihonummikilla munaávant,atvelværi);E.hafðieigi skaplynditilatbiðjakonunghérneinna munaum, E.wastooproudtobeganythinginthiscase;(5)adverbialphrases, fyrirhvernmun, byallmeans;fyrirengan mun, bynomeans;(6) means,things;at eigimuniðérallayðramunitilleggja, thatyouwillnotcontributeallyourmeans, straineverynerve;biskuplasfyrstsmám oksmámmuninafyrirþeim, expounded all the details for them. mun-ráð,n. dearestwish (hefkmíns föður -ráð brotit).

munu (man or mun, munda;pret.infin. mundu),v.(1)asanauxiliaryverb simplydenotingfuturity, shall,will; munumargirþessgjalda, manywillsmart forit;okmunhannhérkomabrátt, and hewillbeherespeedily;(2)denotingwhat isprobableorprettycertain, issureto, must;þúmuntverafeigrmaðr, thouare surelyadeath-doomedman;númunfaðir minndauðrvera, nowmyfathermustbe dead;(3)inpasttenses, would (eigi mundaktrúa);must,kvaðhannþánú mundudauða, hesaidthatnowtheymust be dead.

mun-úð (contr.from‘mun-ugð’,‘munhugð’), f. pleasure, lust, love. munúð-ligr,a. sensual; -lífi,n. lifeof

pleasure or lust.

mura, f. silver-weed, goose grass. murra (að), v. to murmur. mustari, musteri, n. temple. múga-sláttr, m. mowing in swaths. múgi,m.(1) swath;(2) crowd (meðmúga hers); cf. ‘almúgi’. múgr,m. crowd,commonpeople (allrm. Svíahljópupp);heimskrm., thefoolish mob.

múl-binda,v. tomuzzle (Oddrmúlbindr unga gammsins).

múli,m.(1) muzzle,snout;(2) projecting mountain, ‘mull’. múll (-s, -ar), m. mule. múrr, m. wall (of brick or stone).

mús (pl. mýss),f.(1) mouse (sváhræddr semm.ískreppu);(2) thebicepsmuscle inthearm (komeinöríhandlegginní músina).

músa-gangr, m. inroad of mice. músar-bragð, n. a trick in wrestling. múta,f.(1) fee,gratuity;emekeigi vanrattakamúturáaflimínu, toexhibit mystrengthformoney;(2)mælae-támútur, tomakeasecretof,speakwithreserve (ekkiþarfþettaámúturatmæla);(3) bribe.

mútaðr,pp. thathasmoultedormewed (gáshaukr fimm sinnum m.).

mútu-fé,n. tribe; -girni,f. corruption bybribery; -gjarn,a. opentobribery; -gjöf,f. bribe-giving; somethinggivenas a bribe.

mygla (að),v. togrowmouldyormusty (þat brauð er nú myglat).

mygla, f. mouldiness, mustiness. myglugr, a. musty (myglugt brauð).

myki,f. dung; -reka,f. dung-shovel; -skán, f. a cake of cow-dung. mylja (myl, mulda, muldr),v. to

crushtopieces (alltmylrhannmeðsínum tönnum).

mylkja (-ta, -tr), v. to give suck. mylna, f. mill.

mylnu-maðr, m. miller. mynd (pl. -ir),f.(1) shape,form (hverja m.semhannhefirtekitásik);(2) image, figure;(3) manner;áþám.sem, inthe samemanneras;atnökkurrim., insome manner.

mynda (að),v.(1) toshape,form;m.eteptire-u, toshapeafter,imitate;(2) to aim,point =munda;m.tile-s, tohintat (ekkiþarfhératm.tilþess,erosserí hug).

mynni, n. mouth (of a river, fjord).

myrða (-rða, -rðr),v.(1) tomurder (móðurtóktmínaokmyrðirtilhnossa); (2) toconcealamurderedbody (hanndrap hannsofandaokmyrðihannsíðan);(3) toconceal,suppress (skalekeigim.þetta konungsbréf).

myrginn, m. morning, = morginn. myrk-blár,a. darkblue; -blauðr,a., -fælinn,a. afraidinthedark; -fælni,f. fearinthedark; -heimr,m. homeofdarkness; -hræddr, -hræðinn,a.=-fælinn. myrkja (-ti),v. togrowdark (tekrnúat m. af nótt).

myrk-leikr, m. darkness, obscurity. myrkna (að), v. to grow dark. myrk-nætti,n. thedarkestpartofthe night,deadofnight (þeirkómuþarum -nætti).

myrkr (acc. myrkan, -van, -jan),a. (1) dark,murky (umkveldit,ermyrkt var);myrktvarafnótt,thenightwas dark;gørði-myrkt,itgrewdark;(2) dark, obscureinmeaning,hardtounderstand (myrktþykkimérþatmæltatkallaskáldskap með þessum heitum).

myrkr, n. darkness (m. var mikit).

myrkra-fullr,a. fullofdarkness; -staðr, m. place of darkness. myrk-riða,f. ‘night-rider’,hag,witch (cf. ‘kveldriða’).

myrkva (-ti),v. togrowdark;impers., enernótt(acc.)myrkti, whenthenight grewdark;enerm.tók, whenitbeganto grow dark.

myrkva-stofa, f. dungeon. myrkvi,m.(1) darkness;(2) densefog (cf. ‘mjörkvi’).

myrk-viðr,m. darkwood,mirkwood; also as a place-name. mysa, f. whey. mý, n. midge (svá margir sem mý).

mý-bit, n. midge-bite. mýgja (-ða, -ðr),v. toputdown,oppress, with dat. mýkja,olderform mýkva (-ta, -tr),v. tosmooth,soften;m.sik, tosoftenoneself; refl., mýkjast, to be softened. mýkt, f. softness, kindness. mýll (-s, -ar), m. ball, stone. mýri-snípa, f. common snipe. mýr-lendi,n. boggyground; -lendr, a. boggy; -öttr, a. = -lendr.

mýrr (gen. mýrar,acc,anddat. mýri, pl. mýrar), f. moor, bog, swamp. mýsla, f., mýslingr, m. little mouse. mæ-fingr, a. = mjófingraðr. mægð, f. affinity by marriage. mægi, n. = mægð. mægjast (ð),v.refl. tomarryintoa family (m. við e-n).

mækir, m. a kind of sword. mæla (-ta, -tr),v.(1) tospeak,with acc.andabsol.(Flosimæltiekkiorðá meðan);m.mörgumorðum, tousemany words;m.e-norðum, toaddressone;m. máli, tospeaka(foreign)language;m.

æðru, toexpressfear,despondency;m. lög, tospeaklaw,havelawonone’sside inpleading;m.málum, topleadacause; m.mæltmál, tospeakwhatotherssay;(2) tostipulate,appoint,settle (varsvámælt, atS.jarlskyldikomatilDyflinnar);m. mótmeðsér, tofixaninterview;m.sér e-t, toclaimforoneself (efþúviltþér m.man);(3)withpreps.,m.aptr, toretract (one’swords);m.ámáli, tospeak alanguage (m.áÍrsku);m.eptire-n, to takeuptheprosecution inthecaseofa slainman(þúátteptirhraustanmann atm.);m.eptire-m, totakeone’spart; m.fyrir, toorder,prescribe (sagðiJófríðr honum,arbarniterútborit,semhann hafðifyrirmælt);m.fyrire-u, toclaim; alltþatsilfr,erhannmæltifyrir, which hehadbargainedfor;m.fyrirgriðum, to declareatruce (byusingtheproperformula);m.velfyrire-m, toexpressawish foraperson’sgoodfortune (G.gafsveininumgullsylgjuokmæltivelfyrirhonum);m.fyrirskipi, tosaytheprayerwhen ashipputstosea;m.fyrirminni, toproposeatoast;m.ímótie-u, togainsay,oppose,objectto (allirheiðnirmennmæltu ímóti);m.tile-s, tospeaktoone;hón mæltitilhansdjarfliga, shespokeupto himboldly; tospeakofone (Gunnarhafði aldriillamælttilNjálssona);m.tile-s, toexpressawishforathing (þeirmæltutilvináttumeðsératskilnaði);m.til friðar, tosueforpeace;m.e-ttile-s, to claim,callfor aspayment(þeirfórulengiundanokmæltutilfémikitatlyktum);m.ume-t, tosayaboutathing (G. spurði,hvathannmæltiumhrossin); to utter,saysolemnly (þatlætekverðaum mælt,at);m.e-nundane-u, tobegone offfrom (m.e-nundandauða);m.viðe-

n, tospeakto (G.mæltiviðÖgmund:fylg þúþeimtilhúsaminna);m.viðe-u, to gainsay,refuse;(4)refl.,mælastfyrir, to speak (hvíþú,Gangráðr,mælistafgólfi fyrir?); topray,sayone’sprayers (leggst hannniðrokmælistnúfyrir,semhonum þóttivænligast);mæliste-tvel(illa) fyrir, itiswell(ill)spokenof (vígGunnars spurðistokmæltistillafyrirumallar sveitir);m.um, tospeakof;m.undan, toexcuseoneself,decline (hannmæltist undan);m.við, tospeaktooneanother (ekkimæltustþeirfleiraþanndagvið); m.einn(saman)við, totalktooneself; to havethewordalone;impers.,e-mmælist vel, onespeakswell,makesagoodspeech (sögðumenn,athonummæltistvel);m. sérkonu, tocourt(woo)alady (efþúvilt þér m. man).

mæla (-da, -dr), v. to measure. mælandi (pl. -endr), m. pleader. mælgi, f. prattle, much talking. mæli-hlass,n. measuredcartload; -ker, -kerald,n. vesselusedasameasure.

mæling (pl. -ar),f.(1) measuring,measurement; (2) dimension.

mælir (gen. -is, pl. -ar), m. measure. mælska, f. (1) eloquence; (2) idiom. mælsku-maðr, m. orator. mæltr,pp. spoken;esp.incompds., lág-, marg-, stutt-mæltr. mær, a. = mjór (poet.).

mær (gen. meyjar,dat. mey or meyju, acc. mey,pl. meyjar),f.(1) maid,girl, virgin (úfrömsemungarmeyjar);(2)poet. daughter,answeringto‘mögr’(þegi þú Frigg, þú ert Fjörgyns mær).

mæra (-ða, -ðr),v. topraise,laud;m. e-n e-u, to decorate with. mæringr (-s, -ar), m. a noble man.

mærr,a. famous,glorious,illustrious (m. jöfurr; mærir tívar).

mæta-gripr,m. costlything; -maðr, m. worthy man.

mæti,n.pl.(1) goodthings (mörgveit ekm.mérgenginfrá);(2)hafam.áe-u, tohaveafancyfor,valuehighly (látosssjá nautþau,erþúhefirsvámikilm.á);leggja m. á e-n, to take a fancy for.

mæti-ligr, a. costly, valuable. mætis-maðr, m. = mætamaðr.

mætr, a. costly, excellent, worthy. mætur, f. pl., = mæti (2).

mœða (-dda, -ddr),v. tomakeweary (móðr), exhaust,plague;refl.,mœðast, tobecomeweariedorexhautsed (mœddust þeir af kulda).

mœða, f. trouble, trial, distress.

mœðgin, n. pl. mother and son(s).

mœðgur, f. pl. mother and daughter.

mœði,f. weariness,exhaustion,shortnessofbreath; -liga,adv. wearily;varp hannöndinni-liga, hedrewhisbreath painfully; -ligr, a. troublesome, painful.

mœðing, f. trouble, = mœða.

mœði-samligr, -samr,a. troublesome, exhausting.

mœna (-da, -dr),v.(1) toprovidewitha ridge; (2) to tower (m. upp ór).

mœnir (gen. -is),m. ridgeofahouse (hann hljóp upp á mœninn).

mœrskr,a. belongingtothedistrictof Mœri in Norway.

mœta (-tta, -tt),v.(1) tomeet (þar mœttihannGrímiinumrauða);(2) to meetwith,suffer (bóndisá,erskaðanum mœtti);(3)refl.mœtast, tomeetoneanother (þeirmœttustáförnumvegi); to join,meet (þarermœtistSognokHörðaland).

mögl, n. murmuring, grumbling.

mögla (að), v. to murmur, grumble. möglan, f. murmuring. möglanar-samr,a. giventogrumbling (þrællinn gørðist -samr).

mögr (gen. magar,dat. megi;pl. megir,acc. mögu),m.(1) son (meyfrumungafalhannmegiGjúka);(2) boy, youth (þeirlétumögungantilmoldar hníga).

mögu-ligr,a. possible (semfremstvar honum -ligt).

mök, n. pl. intercourse, dealings. mökkr (dat. mekki), m. dense cloud.

möl (gen. malar),f. shingle,pebbles, gravel (Flosi var uppi á mölinni).

mölr (gen. malar;pl. melir,acc. mölu), m. moth. mølva (mølda), v. to crush, pound. mön (gen. manar,pl. manar),f. mane ofahorse;skeramön, tocutthemane; mörumsínumm.jafnaði, hetrimmedthe manes of his horses. möndull (dat. möndli),m. handleofa quern (tökum á möndli skarpara).

mön-skurðr, m. mane-cutting. möpurr, m. maple-tree. mör-bjúga,n. sausageofsuet (mörr) andmeat; -fjándi,m. ‘suet-fiend’,= mör-landi.

mörðr (gen. marðar,dat. merði),m. marten (cf. ‘marðskinn’).

mörk (gen. merkr,pl. merkr),f. mark,byweightorvalue,=eightounces (átta aurar).

mörk (gen. markar and merkr,pl. markir and merkr), f. forest. mör-landi,m. ‘suet-lander’,anicknamegiventotheIcelandersbytheNorwegians.

mörr (gen. mörs),m. suet (mörreða feiti fórnar hverrar).

möru-eldr, m. phosphorescence. möskvi, m. mesh (ríða mökva).

mösmar, m. pl. treasures (poet.).

mösurr, m. maple.

mösur-bolli,m., -skál,f. mazerbowl or cup; -tré, n. maple-tree.

möttul-band, n. mantle-tie. möttull (dat. möttli), m. mantle. möttul-skaut, n. mantle-skirt. mötu-nautr,m. messmate; -neyti,n. messmateship.

Nnadd-él,n. showerofarrows; -göfugr, a. bright-studded (?).

naddr (-s, -ar), m. stud, nail. naðr (gen. -rs),m., naðra,f. adder, snake (naðra mikil ok illileg).

nafarr (dat. nafri), m. auger, gimlet. nafars-rauf, f. gimlet-hole.

nafli, m. navel. nafn,n.(1) name;atnafni, byname; ínafnie-s, inone’sname;(2) name,title (hersir at nafni).

nafna, f. female namesake. nafn-bót,f. title,rank; -festr,f. ‘name-fastening’,agiftwhichitwasusual tomakewhenanewnamewasgiven toanyone(hvatgefrþúmérat-festi?); -frægr,a. famous,renowned; -gipt,f. bestowingoftitleandrank; -gipta (-pta, -ptr), v. to name, call. nafni,m. namesake (finnastþeirnafnar jafnan).

nafn-kenna (-da, -dr),v. toname; -kunnigr,a. renowned; -ligr,a. appropriateasaname; -toga (að),v. toname, mention, speak of. nafra-skjóða, f. gimlet-bag. naga (að), v. = gnaga. nagga (að), v. = gnadda. nagl (gen. nagls, pl. negl), m. nail. nagli, m. nail, spike (naglar í skipi). nagls-rœtr, f. pl. root of the nail. nakinn, a. naked, = nøkviðr. nakkvar, adv. somewhere.

nakkvarr, nakkverr,pron. any,= nekkverr, nökkurr).

nara (pres. nari), v. to linger. nasa-,gen.pl.from‘nös’; -dreyri,m. bleedingatthenose; -læti,n.pl. snuffling; -vit, n. the sense of smell. nas-björg,f.=nefbjörg; -bráðr,a. hot-headed; -raufar, f. pl. nostrils. nauð,f.(1) need,distress;ínauðum staddr, indistress,distressed;með nauðum, withgreatdifficulty;(2) bondage,=ánauð(seldrínauð);(3)pl. shackles,fetters (hannvissiséráhöndum höfgar nauðir).

nauða (að), v. to rustle, = gnauða.

nauða-kostr,m. direchoice; -mikill, a. very severe (vetr -mikill).

nauða-maðr, m. bondsman. nauða-sætt,f. anenforcedagreement (taka -sætt af jarlinum).

nauð-beita,f. sailingclosetothewind (leggjaí-beitu); -beygja (-ða, -ðr),v. to force, compel, subdue; -fölr, a. very pale. nauðga (að),v. tocompel,force,with dat. (n. mönnum til blóta).

nauð-gjald,n. forcedpayment; -göngull,a. helping(women)inneed (þær nornir, er nauðgönglar eru).

nauðigr (acc. nauðgan),a. unwilling, reluctant (Þyrifórmjöknauðig);taka konunauðga, toravish,mérere-t nauðigt, itisagainstanywill,Idonotlike it. nauð-kván, f. unwilling wife. nauðleyta-maðr, m. near kinsman. nauð-leyti,n. closeaffinity,relationship (veraí-leytumviðe-n); -liga,adv. painfully; -ljótr,a. hideous; -maðr,m. husband; -mágr,m. anenforced ‘mágr’; -oka (að),v. tocompel,force; -pína (-da, -dr), v. to force by torments.

nauðr,f. necessily,need;efmikn.um stendr, if I am in need.

nauð-reki,a. driftedbyastorm; -skilja,a.indecl. doomedtopart; -skilnaðr, m. forcedparting,forceddivorce; -staddr,pp. distressed,=ínauðumstaddr; -syn (gen. -synjar,pl. -synjar),f. need, necessity (er-synatdrepaniðrilluorði); ganga-synjasinna=gangaeyrna(eyrenda)sinna; -synja (að),v.impers.,e-n -synjar, one stands in need of. nauðsynja-erendi,n. pressingbusiness; -för,f. pressingjourney; -hlutir, m.pl. necessaries; -lauss,a. unnecessary; at-lausu, withoutnecessity (Þ.hafðiat -lausugengitávaildHrafns); withoutimpediment,incasetherebenolawfulhindrance; -sýsla,f. pressingbusiness; -verk,n. needfulwork (hérhefirþúmikit -verk unnit).

nauðsyn-liga,adv. necessarily; -ligr, a. necessary. nauðu-liga,adv.(1) inneed;-liga kominn,staddr, instraits;(2) withdifficulty;komast-ligaundan,ábrott,fá-liga forðatsér, tohaveanarrowescape; -ligr, a. hard, difficult.

nauðung, f. compulsion, constraint. nauðungar-eiðr,m. anoathtakenundercompulsion; -kostr,m. compulsory terms; -laust,adv. withoutcompulsion; -maðr,m.,vera-maðre-s, tobeunder anotherperson’sthumb; -sætt,f. compulsory agreement (cf. ‘nauðasætt’).

naust, n. boat-house, boat-shed. naut,n. neat,cattle (mennhafaþar mart nauta ok sauða).

nauta-beit,f. pastureforcattle; -brunnr,m. wellforwateringcattle; -ferill,m. cattle-track; -fjöldi,m., -flokkr,m. droveofcattle; -gæzla,f.

thekeepingofcattle; -hellir,m. acave usedasastall; -maðr,m. neat-herd, herdsman; -mark,n. cattle-mark; -vara, f. cattle-hides. naut-fall,n.=nauts-fall; -fé,n. cattle; -fellir,m. loss(death)ofcattle; -högg,n. theblowwhichfellsanox (nú vil ek eigi bíða -höggsins).

nautn,f. usemadeofathing (ofmikiln. á skóginum), = neyzla.

nautr (-s, -ar),m.(1) partaker (with anotherperson);(2) donor,giver (góðr þóttimérþánautrinn,erHákonjarlvar); (3) gift (followingthegen.oftheperson fromwhomitcomes);sverðitkonungsnautr, the sword that was the king’s gift. naut-reki, m. herdsman, drover. nauts-fall,n. aneat’scarcase; -fóðr, n. aneat’sfodderforthewinter; -húð,f. ox-orcow-hide; -rófa,f. tailofacowor ox.

ná (nái, náða, nát),v.(1) togethold of,reach,overtake,withdat.(Ingimundr hleyprnúískóginnoknáðuþeirhonum ekki);nátile-s, toreachone (með sverðinu);(2) toget,obtain (erhannnáði konungsfundi);vérhöfumeiginát lögum, wehavenothadalawfultrial;(3) withinfin., tobeable,beallowed (náði engimaðratberakonungsnafn,nema hanneinn);heilindisittefmaðrhafa náir, ifamanmayenjoyhisgoodhealth; (4)impers.,kennimennþeireráþvísa landinæði, thoseclergymenwhowereto begotinthiscountry;(5)refl.,nást, tobe caught;efþatnáisteigi, ifthatcannotbe attained;recipr., toreachoneanother;þar varmýrlentokmáttuþeireiginásttil, they could not come to close quarters. ná-, in compds. nigh, near. ná-bjargir,f.pl. thelastservicetothe

dead,closingthenostrils,eyesand mouth (veita e-m -bjargir).

ná-borinn,pp. nearakin,closelyrelated; -búð,f. dwellingnearto,neighbourhood; -búi, m. neighbour. ná-bönd,n.pl. thebondsinwhicha corpse in wrapped. náð (-ar, -ir),f.(1) grace,mercy,= miskunn;tókuþérhannútlendanok úkunnanáþínarnáðir, underthyprotection;(2)pl. rest,peace,quietness;í náðum, inpeace,quietness (S.baðhann veraþarumnóttinaínáðum);gangatil náða,takaásiknáðir, togotorest,compose oneself to rest. náða (að),v. togiverestandpeaceto, protect; refl., náðast, to get rest. náða-hús,n.(1) houseofrest,closet;(2) privy, = náðhús.

náð-hús, n. privy. náð-ugr, a. merciful. náðu-liga,adv. privately,quietly; -ligr, a. peaceful, quiet. ná-frændi,m. nearkinsman; -frændkona,f. anearfemalerelative; -granna, f. femaleneighbour; -granni,m. near neighbour. ná-gráðugr, a. corpse-greedy. ná-grenni,n. neighbourhood; -grennis, adv. in the neighbourhood. ná-grindr,f.pl. thegatesofthedead; -gríma,f. ‘deadman’smask’,scalp; -göll, f. death-cry. ná-hvalr, m. narwhale. náinn (pl. nánir),a.(1) near;náiter nefaugum, noseisnearofkintoeyes;(2) n.e-m, closelyrelatedto,anearkinsman of (þeirmenneruþérnániratfrændsemi).

ná-kominn,pp. closelyrelated,touchingonenearly (þettamálermér-komit);

-kvæmd,f. comingnearto,proximity; -kvæmi,f. exactness; -kvæmr,a.(1) near aboutone’sperson,neartoone (varÓlafr konungrhonumsvá-kvæmr,at);(2) attentive,favourable (hóner-kvæmust mönnumtiláheita);(3) minute,close (kvæmrískriptum);(4) exact,accurate (bæði nákvæm svör ok haldkvæm).

nál (-ar, -ar), f. needle. nálgast (að),v.refl.(1) approach, comenearto (n.e-n,n.tile-s);(2) tocome by, get (n. sitt góz).

ná-liga,adv.(1) nigh,nearathand, nearto;(2) almost,nearly (hannvarðok náligaallsþessvíss,erviðbar); -ligr,a. near,closeathand; -lægð,f.(1) nearness, proximity;(2) presence; -lægjast (ð),v. refl. toapproach; -lægr,a.(1) nearat hand,closeby (-læghéruð);(2) touching nearly.

nám,n.(1) seizure,occupation (cf.‘landnám’);(2) learning,study (erhannvarat námi).

ná-mágr,m. anearrelativebymarriage (þeir eru tveir námágar).

nám-dúkr, m. a kind of cloth. nám-girni,f. eagernesstolearn; -gjarn, a. eager to learn. nám-kyrtill,m. akirtlemadeof námdúkr (kona í svörtum -kyrtli).

ná-munda,prep.withdat. nearto (vera,liggja,vita-mundae-u);veraí-munda, to be close by; -mægð, f. near affinity. nánd,f. neighborhood,nearness,proximity;komaín.(or ínándir)e-u, tocome near to. nár (gen. nás,pl. náir,acc. nái,dat. nám),m. corpse,deatman;fölrsemn., paleasdeath;nýtrmannginás, acorpse isgoodfornought;bjarganám, tolendthe lastservicetothedead;verðaatná,verða

nár, to become a corpse.

nári, m. the groin.

ná-seta,f. sittingnear,proximity; -settr,pp. seatednear; -skyldr,a. closely related.

ná-strá,n.pl. ‘corpse-straw’;liggjaá nástrám, toliedead (onstraw); -strönd, f. ‘corse-strand’, abode of the dead. ná-stœðr, a. nearly related.

nátt (gen. -ar, nætr,pl. nætr),f. night, see ‘nótt’.

nátta (að),v.(1) topassthenight;(2) tobecomenight,growdark (tókþáatn.); (3) impers., náttar e-n, one is benighted. náttar-tími,m. night-time; -þel,n. thedarkestpartofthenight;á-þeli, atthe dead of night.

nátt-ból,n. night-quarters; -drykkja, f. night-bout; -far,n. travellingbynight; faradagfariok-fari, totraveldayand night; -farar,f.pl. night-wanderings; -fasta,f. night-fast; -gisting,f. nightquarters; -langt,adv. forthenight (hvílast,sofa-langt); -leikr,m. nightgames; -lengis,adv.=-langt; -liga,adv. atnight,inthenight-time; -ligr,a. nocturnal,nightly; -mál,n. ‘night-meal’, about nine o’clock p. m.

náttmála-skeið,n. thetimeof ‘náttmál’; -varða,f. apyramid(cairn)intended to show the time of ‘náttmál’.

ne,anegativeparticle(poet.)witha verb,(1) not;útþúnekemr, thoucomest notout;sólþatnevissi,hvarhúnsaliátti, thesunknewnot,etc;(2)neeinn, notone; lifaþeirneeinirþriggjategamanna, not oneofthosethirtymenisleft;neeinusinni, notonce;precededbyanegation, any =neinn(vórumvérekkimjökviðbúnir ne einum úfriði).

né,adv.,precededbyanegation, nor (eigimæltaekþettafyrirþérnéhonum); hvárki…né, neither … nor (hefirhvárki heyrttilhansstynnéhósta);hvárgiþeir-

nátt-messa,f. night-mass; -myrkr,n. darknessofnight; -serkr,m. night-shirt; -seta,f. latehours; -setja,v. toplacefor thenightbeforeburial; -sól,f. nidnight sun; -staðr,m. night-quarters; -stefna, f. night-meeting; -sæta (-tta, -ttr),v. =-setja; -söngr,m. night-serviceina church. nátturðr (gen. -ar), m. = náttverðr. náttúra,f.(1) nature (eptirboðináttúrunnar);(2) (supernatural)virtue,power (fylgðiþessun.mikil);(3)pl., spirits, powers. náttúraðr,pp. havingacertainnature or virtue. náttúr-liga,adv. accordingtonature, properly; -ligr, a. proper, natural. nattúru-bragð,n. naturalcharacter; -gjöf,f. naturalgift; -gripr,m. anobject possessedofsomevirtue; -lög,n.pl. law ofnature; -steinn,m. astonepossessing special virtues. nátt-vaka,f. sittingupatnight,nightwatch. náttverðar-drykkja,f. drinkingafter supper; -dvöl,f. stayduringsupper; -eldi,n. entertainmentforsupper; -mál,n. supper-time. náttverðr,m. supper (faratil -verðar); -víg,n. man-slaughterduring thenight; -þing,n. anassemblyheldby night. náungi, náungr, m. neighbour. ná-venzlaðr,a. closelyrelated(by marriage); -vera,f. presence; -verandi, pr. p. present; -vist, -vista, f. = -vera. návistar- or návistu-maðr,m. companion, associate (tryggvir -menn).

ra,ÖnundarnéÞorfinns,erjafnmenni föðurmíns, neitherofthetwo,O.orTh., is my father’s equal.

neðan,adv.(1) frombelowfrombeneath (veittuþeiratróðrn.eptiránni);(2) withoutmotion, beneath,underneath (skipitvarmeittn.);fyrirn.(withacc.), below,beneath (kemrlagitífótfyrirn. kné).

neðan-verðr,a. lower,undermost; komannatlagitíbringuna,enannatí -verðabrynjuna, inthelowerpartofthe coat of mail.

neðar-la, -liga,adv. lowdown,farbelow (n. í jörðu).

neðarr,adv.compar. lower,farther down (nökkuru n.).

neðast, adv. superl. farthest down. neðri,a.compar. lower,nether (áneðra stræti);itneðra, underneath (varljóstit efra, en dimt it neðra).

nef (gen.pl. nefja),n.(1) theboneof thenose,nasalbone,opp.to‘nasir’(hann rakhnefanaánasirmérokbrautímér nefit);(2) thenose (náitern.augum);(3) beak,bill (ofabird);(4) head,person;um allaSváþjóðguldumennÓðniskatt,penning fyrir n. hvert, a penny per head. nef-björg,f. visor; -dreyri,m. bleedingatthenose; -fölr,a. pale-nebbed; -gildi,n.(1) ‘nose-tax’,poll-tax (payable totheking);(2) aweregild,payabletothe cognates of a person, opp. to ‘bauggildi’. nefgildis-maðr,m. acognaterelative, recipientof ‘nefgildi’; -skattr,m. polltax. nef-gjöld, n. pl. weregild, = -gildi (2). nefl, m. nephew. nef-langr,a. long-nosed; -lauss,a. noseless; -lítill,a. small-nosed; -ljótr, a. withanuglynose; -mikill,a. big-

nosed.

nefna (-da, -dr),v.(1) toname (nefnduþinnföðr);n.sik, tonameone’sname; n.e-nánafn, tonamebyname;Oddrer maðrnefndr, thereisamanmentioned,of thenameofOdd;(2) tomentionbyname, pointout (nefniektilþessBjörnokHelga);(3) toname,appoint,order (nefndi konungrnökkuramennatgangauppá eyna);(4)alawterm, tocall (n.menn ídóm); tosummon,cite (alliraðrir,þeir semþannigvórunefndir); tolevy (n.lið órheruðum);(5)refl.,nefnast, togive one ’snameas,calloneself (hannnefndist Hrappr).

nefna,f. naming,nomination (cf.‘dómnefna’).

nefnd,f.(1) alevyorcontributionin menandships (hannvilln.hafaórhverju fylkibæðiatliðiokskipum);(2) abodyof daysmenorarbitrators;(3) name,designation (rare).

nefndar-dagr,m. fixedday (=nefndr dagr); -lið,n. leviedforces; -maðr,m. a mannamedforthelevy (-mennafFoldinni).

nefni-liga, adv. by name, expressly. nefning (pl. -ar), f. nomination, levy. nef-síðr,a. long-nosed; -skorinn,pp. withcut-offnose; -steði,m. nebbed stithy, sharp-pointed anvil. negg, n. heart (hjarta heitir n.).

negla (-da, -dr),v. tonail,fastenor studwithnails (A.negldisamanútihurð sína);negldarbrynjur, studdedmailcoats.

nei,adv. no;kveðan.viðe-u, tosayno to; setja þvert n. fyrir e-t, to refuse flatly. nei-kvæða (-dda, -ddr),v. torefuse (to do a thing).

neinn,pron.indef.,=néeinn;(1) any,

followingafteranegation(aldreisvá,at honumværineinrauní);ekkierþetta furðanein, itisnoapparition;ekkineins staðar, notanywhere;(2)assubst. any one, anybody; ekki neitt, nothing. neisa, f. shame, disgrace, = hneisa.

neisa (-ta, -tr),v. toputtoshame (svívirðiliga neistr), = hneisa.

neiss,a. ashamed,coveredwithshame (n. er nøkviðr halr).

neisuligr,a. shameful,insulting (neisulig orð).

neita (að,or -tta, -tt),v.(1) todeny, refuse,absol.orwithdat.(hefiekþar góðumgripineitt);(2) todeny,forsake (hann neitaði guðs nafni).

neitan, neiting, f. denying, denial. nekkverr,pron. any (ínekkhverjum hlut), = nakkvarr, nökkurr.

nema,conj.(1) except,save,but;þoriga eksegjanemaþéreinum, Idarenottell anyonesavetheealone;engi…nema, no…but,no(notany)otherthan (Grani vildiundirøngummannigangan.Sigurði);(2)withsubj. unless;engirþóttu lögligirdómardœmdir,nemahannværi við, unlesshehadahandinthem;(3) save that;n.ekhálsaðaherjansstillieinusinni, savethatIoncefellontheking’sneck; (4)veitekeigin.,hverrveitn., Idon’t know,(whoknows)butthat; maybe,perhaps (hverrveitn.ekverðavíðafrægrum síðir);(5)þvíateins,n., onlyinthecase, if;ráðitþérþvíateinsáþán.þérséð allirsemøruggastir, donotattackthem unlessyouareallmoststeadfastanddauntless;(6)n.heldr, butrather (eigimáþat mennkalla,n.heldrhunda);(7) nor,= né,hvárkisverðn.øxi, neitherswordnor axe. nema (nem; nam, námum; numinn),

v.(1) totake,takeinuse,takepossessionof (efþúnemrþérjörðáÍslandi);n.land, to takepossessionofland,asasettler(hann namEyjafjörðallan);n.konu, tocarry off,abductawoman;n.stað or staðar, stop,halt (hérmunumvérstað or staðar n.);n.yndi, tofindrest inaplace(hvárki namhannyndiáÍslandinéíNoregi);(2) n.e-ne-u, tobereaveoneofathing (n.enhöfði,aldri,fjörvi);(3) toreach,touch (pilzitvarsvásítt,atnamhæl);hvárt namþikeðaeigi, didittouchtheeornot? þóttþiknóttumnemi, thoughthenight overtakethee;(4) toamountto,beequivalentto (honumþóttilandauðnn.);(5)as anauxiliaryverb,withinfin.;hannnam atvaxaokveldafna, hegrewapaceand throvewell;innnamatganga, hestepped in;(6) topercieve,catch,hear,ofsound; varðþásvámikitúhljóð,atenginamannarsmál, thatnoonecouldheartheother’svoice;eigiskuluvérþatmálsván., weshallnotunderstanditso;(7) tolearn (n.lög,fjölkyngi); tolearnbyheart (vísur þessarnámumargir);n.e-tat(or af)em, tolearn,getinformation,aboutathing fromone (Glúmrhafðinumitþennaatburðatþeimmanni,erhétArnór);(8) withpreps.andadvs.;n.e-taf, toabolish (varsúheiðniafnuminsemönnur);n. brottkonu, tocarryoffawoman;n.eptir e-u, toimitate;n.e-tfrá, toexcept (nema konureðaþeirmenn,erhannnæmifrá); n.e-tupp, topickup (namekupprúnar); n.við, toresist,makeastand (hannvill ennviðn.,þóttliðsmunrværimikill); tostop,halt (þarnámuþeirHrafnviðí nesinu);n.viðe-u, totouch (gaddhjaltit namviðborðinu); tobeahindranceto (ef þatnemrviðförinni,atþúþykkisthafa féoflítit);impers.,nemrviðe-u, there

isanobstacle,orstop (enerþeirkómuat kirkjudurum,þánamþarvið);(9)refl., nemaste-t, torefuse,withholdfromdoing; n.förina, torefusetogo;n.orðsendingar hans, todisregardhismessages;alsowith infin.(hannbaðhanneigin.meðölluat gøra sem bœndr vildu).

nenna (-ta, -t),v. tobemindedorinclined,bewilling,feeldisposed,withdat. orinfin.(hannnenntieigistarfiþvíok áhyggju);munekeigin.öðruenfaraí mótiþeim, Icannolongerforbeargoing againstthem;Hrafnnenntieigiatstarfa, H.didnotcaretowork,waslazy;with subj.,eknennieigi,at, Icannotbearthat (nenniekeigi,atþatsémælt,at);n.em, toattendonone,tograntone’sloveto one.

nenning, f. activity, energy. nenningar-lauss,a. slothful,lazy; -leysi, n. slothfulness, inactivity. neppr,a.(1) overcome,fainting;(2) deadly (?).

nes (gen.pl. nesja),n. ness,headland (n. mikit gekk í sæ út).

nes-höfði,m. headland; -konungr, m. ‘ness-king’,pettyking; -nám,n.,nema -nám, tomakea‘ness-raid’; -oddi,m. point of a ness. nest, n. travelling provisions. nes-tangi, m. the point of a ness. nest-baggi,m. provision-bag,wallet; -lauss,a. withoutprovisions (nest); -lok,n.pl. ‘theendoftheprovisions’,onlyinthephrase,at-lokum, atlast,finally.

net (gen.pl.netja),n. net,fishing-net (þeir fara til netja).

netja (að), v. to net, entangle. netja, f. caul, omentum. net-lög,n.pl. ‘net-layings’,aplace

wherenetsarespread; -næmr,a. thatmay becaughtinanet; -þinull,m. net-line, edge-rope of a net. neyð, f. distress, = nauð.

neyða (-dda, -ddr),v. toforce,compel (n. e-n til e-s).

neyta (-tta, -ttr),v.(1) touse,make useof,withgen.(komanumþar,atvér munumþessn.);(2) toconsume;n. matar, toeat;(3)withacc.;margskyns vápn,máþauveln.áskipi, theymaywell beusedinships;(4)withpreps.,n.afeu, toeatofit (n.afþvíopt);n.e-tupp, to consume,waste (þeirerallapeningasína neyta upp í ofáti ok ofdrykkju).

neyti,n. use,profit =not(hafabæði jarðkost fjallanna ok þó n. af sjónum).

neyti,n. company (n.hefirsáernítján menn fylgja).

neytingar-vatn,n. waterfordomestic use. neytr,a. good,fitforuse (vápnþau, semneyteru);ofpersons, good,useful (Kolbeinnféllokmargiraðrirneytir menn).

neyzla, f. (1) use; (2) nourishment. nezla, f. button-loop. neztr,a.superl. nethermost,lowest, undermost; cf. ‘neðri’. nið,n.pl. thewaningmoon; thetimebeforenewmoon;Mánistýrirgöngutungls okræðrnýjumokniðum, andrulesits waxing and waning. niða-myrkr,n. pitch-darkness; -myrkar var á, it was pitch-dark. niðar, f. pl. = nið. nið-gjöld, n. pl. weregild. niðjar, m. pl. ancestors. niðjungr (-s, -ar),m. descendant (niðr ok n.); cf. ‘áttniðjungr’. niðmyrkr, n. = niðamyrkr.

niðr (-s,pl. niðjar,acc. niði,gen. niðja), m. son, kinsman, relative. niðr,adv.(1) down (hannfélldauðrn.); setjastn., tositdown;fœran.korn, to sowcorn;(2)ofdirectionwithoutmotion, down,downward (n.oknorðrliggr helvegr).

niðra (að),v.(1) toputdown,lower (n. e-m or e-u); (2) to abase, humble. niðran, f. degradation, shame. niðr-bjúgr,a. bentdownward; -brot, n. destruction; -brotari,m. destroyer; -brotning, f. = -brot.

niðrbrots-maðr, m. destroyer. niðr-dráttr,m. draggingdown; -fall,n.(1) downfall;(2) dropping ofa case(handsalamér-fallatsökinni);(3) loss (hannvirðisérþatmikit-fallvera,er þávarslíksmannsviðmist);(4) decay, ruin.

niðrfalls-sótt, f. epilepsy. niðr-ganga, f., -gangr, m. descent. niðri,adv.(1) down,inalowposition; undirþiljumn., downinthehull;viðsjó n., downatthesea; down,underthesurfaceofwater (konungrfœrðihannþegar íkafokhélthonumn.lengi); belowthe horizon (meðanlönderun.);þeir skoðuðuhannuppiokn., upanddown, allover;(2)undirn., below,down (undir n.ídalnum); secretly (hannelskaðiaðra konu undir n.).

niðri-vist, f. remaining under water. niðr-lag,n.(1) end,conclusion;(2) slaughtering forhouseholduse(varþar betrieinnsauðrtil-lagsentveirannars staðar); -leitr,a. down-looking,downcast; -lok,n.pl. end,conclusion; -setja (see setja),v. toputdown,suppress; -setning,f. burial; -stiga,f., -stigning, f. descent.

niðrstigningar-saga,f. thestoryof the descent into hell. niðr-taka,f. pullingdown; -varp,n. overthrow (meðórgurligu-varpi); -víðr, a. wide beneath. nifl-, mist,fog,onlyincompds.; -farinn,pp. gonetowardsthedark,dead; -heimr,m. thedarkhome,theabodeof thedead; -hel,f. thelowerhell; -vegr, m. path of darkness. nipt, f. female relative, sister (poet.). nist, n. brooch, pin. nista (-sta, -str),v.(1) topin,nail fast,esp. topin withaweapon(þávar hannskotinngaflakiíóstinnoknistrsvá viðgarðinn);(2) topierce (withasword or spear).

nisti, n. brooch, pin, = nist. nisting, f. fastening. ní, adv. no, = nei (allir ní kváðu).

níð,n.(1) contumely,derision (segjaemn.);(2) libel (yrkja,kveðan.umen);(3) insult bycarvingaperson’slikeness(tréníð)onanupraisedpostorpole (níðstöng).

níða (-dda, -ddr),v.(1) tolibel,lampoon;(2)refl.,níðastáe-m, tobehaveina dastardlywaytoaperson (atNoregsmenn höfðuníðstáÓlafikonungi);n.áe-u, toactbaselyinathing (hvárkiskaleká þessun.okáenguöðruþvíermérertil trúat); n. á trú sinni, to apostatize. níðingr (-s, -ar),m. villain,scoundrel, vile wretch; apostate. níðing-skapr, m. villainy, baseness. níðings-nafn,n. thenameofavillain; bera-nafn, tobecalleda ‘níðingr’; -orð, n.=-nafn; -ráð,n. avillainousplot; -sök,f. achargeofvillainy; -verk,n. dastard’swork,villainy; -víg,n. foulmurder.

níð-reising,f. theraisingofapoleas aninsult; -samligr,a. mean,villainous; -skár, -skældinn,a. libellous,ofapoet; -stöng,f. poleofinsult; -virki,n. villainy; -vísa,f. lampoon,insultingverse. ní-kvæða (-dda, -ddr), v. to deny. ní-rœðr,a.(1) measuringninety (fathoms, ells); (2) ninety years old. níta (að,or -tta, -ttr),v. todeny, refuse, with dat. níti-ligr, a. refusable, rejectable. ní-tján,a. nineteen; -tjándi,a. nineteenth; -togandi, a. ninetieth. nítta (að), v. = níta. ní-tugr, a. ninety years old. níu, a. nine (níu eru himnar).

níund,f. bodyofnine;þrennarníundir meyja, three nines of maids. níundi, a. ninth. njarðar-vöttr, m. sponge. njarð-láss, m. a charmed lock. njósn (pl. -ir),f.(1) spying,scouting, lookingout (sendamannán.,hafamenn ánjósnum);veraán., tobeonthelookout;(2) news (engin.fórfyrirþeim);gøra e-m n., to send one intelligence. njósna (að),v. tospy (vilekn.,hvers ekverðavíss);n.ume-t, tospyafter,seek to find out (n. um athafnir e-s). njósnar-berg,n. alook-outhill; -maðr,m. spy; -skip,n., -skúta,f. spying-ship. njósnar-för, f. spying journey. njóta (nýt; naut, nutum; notit),v. (1) tohavetheuseorbenefitof,toenjoy (þú skaltn.kvikfjárþínsokverðaíbrottufrá Helgafelli);skalhannn.draumssíns, he shallhavehisdreamout;njótþúheillhanda, goodluckgowithyourhands;(2) toderivebenefitfrom,profitby;Egilsnauztuat því,föðurþíns, youhadyourfatherEgilto

thankforthat;líttlætrþúmikn.frændsemifráþér, youletmehavelittleprofit ofkinshipwithyou;nauztþúnúþess,at ekvareigiviðbúinn, itwasyourgoodfortunethatIwasnotreadyforyou;n.e-s við, toreceivehelpatone’shands;munek yðvarverðaviðatn., Ishallhaveneedof yourhelp;n.afe-u, toconsume (nautvóru œrin,nutumafstórum);(3)impers.,ekkinýtrsólar, thereisnosun;nautatþví mesthansforellris,at, itwaschieflydue tohisforefathersthat;þessnautmjökvið íÞrándheimi(ithelpedgreatly),atmenn áttuþarmikilfornkorn;(4)recipr.,njótast, toenjoyeachother (Þorveigseidditil þess, at þau skyldi eigi n. mega).

njörðr (gen. njarðar,dat. nirði), m. Njord, one of the old Northern gods. njörva-sund,n. theStraitofGibraltar (at Njörvasundum).

norðan,adv. fromthenorth (koma, fara,ríða,siglan.);vindrvarán., the windblewfromthenorth;n.afHálogalandi, fromH.inthenorth;n.at, onthenorth sideof (G.okN.stóðun.atdóminum); fyrirn.(withacc.), northof (fyrirn. heiðina);fyrirn.land, inthenorth (of Iceland).

norðan-fjarðar,adv. northofthe firth; -lands,adv. inthenorth; -maðr, m. amanfromthenorth; -stormr,m. a stormfromthenorth; -veðr,n. windfrom thenorth (þeirtóku-veðrsváhörð,atþá barsuðríhaf); -verðr,a. northern (á -verðumhiminsenda); -vindr,m. north wind.

norðar-la, -liga,adv. fartothenorth (sú ey liggr -liga fyrir Noregi).

norðarr,adv.compar. farthernorth (aldri kom hann n. en í Eyjafjörð).

norðarri, a. compar. more northerly.

norðastr, a. superl. most northerly. norð-lendingar,m.pl. themenofthe northquarter (ofIceland); -lenzkr,a. from the north (of Iceland).

norð-maðr,m. Northman; Norwegian (Danir ok Norðmenn).

norðr,n. thenorth;án.,ín.,til norðrs, northwards (héltR.konungrn. meðlandi); inthenorth (n.íÞrándheimi).

norðr-átt,f.=-ætt; -dyrr,f.pl. northerndoors; -ferð,f. journeytothe north; -hallt,adv. inanortherlydirection; -hálfa,f. thenorthregion,esp. Europe; -land,n.(1) north-land,esp. the northquarterofIceland;(2)pl.,-lönd, thenortherncountries,esp. Scandinavia; -ljós,n.pl. northernlights; -sjór,m. thenorthernarmofthesea; -stúka,f. thenorthtranseptofachurch; -sveitir,f. pl. thenortherndistricts; -vegar,m.pl. northern region; -ætt, f. the north. norð-rœnn,a. northerly,blowingfrom north (þá var á -rœnt, viz. veðr). noregr, m. Norway, = Norvegr. noregs-konungr,m. kingofNorway; -maðr, m. Norwegian. norn (pl. -ir),f.(1) oneof(three)Fates (Urðr,Verðandi,Skuld,whodweltatthe well‘Urðar-brunnr’andruledthefateof theworld);(2) oneofvariousfemalebeings presiding over human fortunes. norrœna,f.(1) theNorse(Norwegian) tongue; (2) breeze from the north. norrœna (að), to render into Norse. norrœnn, a. Norse, Norwegian. norrœnnu-bók,f. abookwrittenin Norse; -skáldskapr, m. Norse poetry. norvegr, m. Norway, = Noregr. nóg, í nóg, adv. enough. nóg-ligr,a., nógr,a. ample,abundant

= gnógligr, gnógr. nón,n.thetimeabout threeo’clockp. m. (B. kvað þá vera nær nóni dags). nóna,f. nones,theofficefortheninth hour (gekk þá konungr til nónu).

nón-heilagr,a. holyfrom ‘nón’ or threeo’clock;láta-heilagt, tokeeptheday holyafterthreeo’clock; -helgr,f. noneholiness; -hringing,f. pealofbellsat nones; -klokka,f. nones-bell; -skeið,n. thehourofnones; -tíðir,f.pl. theoffice at nones. nót (pl. nœtr), f. pl. large net. nótera (að), v. to note, mark. nóti,m.(1) mark,token;(2) note (in music).

nóti, m. match, equal, = maki, líki. nótt (gen. nætr,pl. nætr),f. night,= nátt;atmiðrin.,ofmiðjan., aboutmidnight;umnóttina, throughthenight,duringthenight;umnóttinaáðr, theprecedingnight;ín., tonight (eigimunhannlátadrepaEgilín.); thelastnight (ekókí n.eptirviði);nætrokdaga, bothbyday andbynight;nóttinhelga, theholynight, Christmas night. numinn,pp.from‘nema’, seized, palsied (allr numinn öðrum megin).

nunna,f. nun; nunnu-klaustr,n., -setr,n. nunnery; -vígsla,f.;taka -vígslu, to take the veil. nú,adv. now (var-atþatnúnéígær);in anarrative, now,next (núerþartilmáls at taka).

núa (ný, nera, núinn), v. = gnúa. nú-ligr, a. present (-ligir hlutir).

núna, adv. now, just now. nykr (gen. -rs,pl. nykrar),m.(1) a fabulouswater-being (mostlyappearingin theshapeofagreyhorse);(2) thehippopotamus.

nyrðri, a. compar. more northerly. nyrztr, a. superl. most northerly. nyt (pl. nytjar),f.(1) milk (ofsheep andcows);(2)esp.pl., use,advantage; hónleyfðiValabróðursínumnytjarí Brekkulandi, useoftheland;hafanytjar afe-u,h.nytjare-s, toderivebenefitfrom (engarnytjarmunumennhafaHafliða); komanytjumáe-t, tobringintouse,make profitable (víkingartókuféþatallt,er þeirmáttunytjumákoma);fœraséretínyt, tomakeuseof,availoneselfof (fœrirSveinnkonungrséralltín.þat, ertilvirðingarmáttiverða);(3)pl. pleasure,enjoyment (Hrafnkvaðstengarnytjar hafa Helgu).

nytja (að), tomilk (n.ærnar);nytjast, to yield milk (fé nytjaðist illa).

nytja-fullr,a. fullofprofit,highly profitable; -lauss,a. useless; -maðr,m. a useful, worthy man.

nytjungr (-s, -ar), m. = nytjamaðr. nyt-lauss,a. useless; -léttr,a. yieldinglittlemilk; -samligr,a. useful; -semd, f. use, usefulness. nytsemdar-lauss,a. useless; -maðr, m.=nytjamaðr(slíkr-maðrsemÓlafr konungr); -verk, n. useful work. nyt-semi, f. usefulness, = nytsemd. ný,n. theneworwaxingmoon (nýok nið skópu nýt regin).

ný-, newly,recently,maybeprefixedto almosteveryppl.; -alinn, -borinn, new-born; -andaðr, -dáinn, newlydead; -farinn, havingnewlygone; -fenginn, justrecovered; -kominn, justcome; -orðinn, havingjusthappened;hafði hann-skilistviðTúnbergsmenn, hehad newlypartedfromthem; -vaknaðr, newly wakened. ný-breytiligr,a. unusual,strange;

-breytinn,a. changeable; -breytni,f. novelty,innovation; -fenni,n. freshfallen snow; -gørving, f. novelty, innovation. nýjung,f. innovation (landsfólkitvar gjarnt á alla n.).

ný-liga,adv. newly,recently; -ligr,a. (1) new,recent;(2) present; -lunda,f. novelty,anew,strangething (segjakunnu vér-lundunökkura); -lýsi,n. lightofthe waxingmoon (siglaumnóttinavið-lýsi); -mæli,n.(1) news,novelty;(2) newlaw; -næmi,n. novelty,=-lunda(þatvarðtil -næmis, at); -næmligr, a. novel.

nýr (acc. nýjan),a.(1) new (n.átrúnaðr);afnýju, anew,again;næstnýss, justrecently (þatvannnæstnýssniðr Ylvinga);(2) fresh (nýttkjöt,nýirfiskar).

nýra (pl. nýru), n. kidney. ný-ráðliga, adv. oddly, queerly. nýsa (-ta, -t),v. topry,peer;nýstak niðr, Ipeereddown;svánýsiskfróðra hverrfyrir, thuseverywisemanlooks about him (= nýsir f. h. fyrir sik).

ný-snævi,n. freshsnow (féll-snævi mikit, svá at úgörla sá veguna).

nýta (-tta, -ttr),v.(1) tomakeuse of;ekætla,atþúnýtireigibogaminn, thoucanstnotwieldmybow;absol.,hann spurðisíðan,hvártþámættisván., ifthat woulddo(bevalid);n.afe-u, toderive benefit(pleasure)from (sjámá,atekki nýtirþúhéraf);eigimunuþitlengrn. hvártaföðru, enjoyeachother;(2) toeat, consume (n.svín);(3)fig., tobear,endure (hvárgiþóttistn.mega,atþeirværieigiá samt);(4)refl.,nýtast, tobeofuse,avail; þettaverkmáeigin., itwillnotsucceed, it is in vain.

nýtandi,pr.p. fittobeused;n.menn = nýtir menn.

nýt-menni, n. = nytjamaðr.

nýtr,a. fit,usable,useful (n.tilverks); engu(tileinskis)n., goodfornothing;at engunýtu, tonouse;ofpersons, able (enn nýtasti fardrengr).

ný-tungl,n. newmoon; -virki,n. marks of new work, of human hands. næfr (pl. -rar), f. bark of the birch. næfra-baggi,m. pack,bundleofbirch bark; -maðr,m. apersoncladinbirchbark; -stúka, f. sleeve of birch-bark. næma (-da, -dr),v. tobereave,deprive of (n. e-n e-u, lífi, fjörvi).

næmi, n. study, learning. næm-leikr, m. quickness to learn. næmr,a.(1) quickatlearning;(2) deprived of (= næmdr e-u).

nær,adv.andprep.withdat.(1) near, inthevicinity(of);n.eðafjarri, nearor far;n.staddr, present;brautun., nearthe road;n.þvísem, nearatheplacewhere (þarínesinu,n.þvísemþingithafðiverit);þarn., inthevicinity (sveinarnirhlaupatilskógar,erþarvarn.);(2) towards, oftime(n.aptni,morni);(3) nearly;n. áttatigirmanna or n.áttatigummanna, nearlyeightymen;þarkómumennafn. öllumlöndum, almostfromallcountries; n.vikumunuviðdveljast, weshallstay nearlyaweek;(4) inaccordancewith,in conformityto (n.ætlaekþatlögumÍra); (5) nearthetruth (máttunún.gæta,hvar beinaokkarraeratleita);(6)compar., nearer =nærr(vereigin.honumenmál nemi); fitter (værin.miklu,at);(7)adv., when,=hven.(n.skalmérþatömbuna? sagðiB.);B.spurði,n.þeirmunduaptr koma, when they would be coming back. nærgi,adv.,n.er,n.sem, whensoever (n. er launat verðr).

nær-gætr,a. guessingnearthetruth; -göngull,a.(1)vera-göngulle-m, tobe

nearaboutone’sperson;(2) troublesome, importunate; -hendis, adv. near at hand. næri, adv. near, = nærri. næri-kominn,pp. entitledto; -kona, f. mid-wife; -kváma,f. comingnear; -kvæmr,a.(1) comingnearto,close;(2) thatconcernsaperson (þettamálermér miklunauðsynligraok-kvæmara); -kœmr, a. accurate. nærr,adv.compar. nearer,answering to ‘nær’, near. nærri, adv. near, nearer, = nær. nærri,a.compar.(answeringtosuperl.‘næstr’), nearer; moreentitledto (þótt þær sé n. arfi).

nær-spár,a. prophesyingtrue; -sýnn, a. short-sighted; -vera,f. presence; -verandi, pr. p. present. næst,adv.superl.(1) nearest,next;n. Skotlandi, nearesttoScotland;þvín., þessun.,þarn., nexttothat,thereafter, thereupon;(2) last (ernúúhœgraenn.þá erekbeidda);(3) nearestthetruth (vilek, at þér reynit, hverir munu n. sét hafa).

næsta,adv.(1) nearly,almost (urðu göngumennn.atgjalti);(2) rather,very (n. gamall, glaðr).

næsta,f. thelasttime,onlyindat.with the art., næstunni. næsta-brœðra,f. afemalesecond cousin; -brœðri, -brœðrungr,m. a male second cousin. næstr,a.superl.(1) next;Hrútrsathit næstahonum, satnexthim;tókHrafn lögsögun.Úlfljóti, nextafterU.;hinn næstavetr, thenextwinter;(2) nextpreceding (hannhafðisekrorðititnæsta sumar);næstasinni, thelasttime;(3) nearestinpointofrightortitle,bestentitled to (vér erum næstir sigrinum).

næstum,adv. nextbefore,thelasttime

(svá skildum vér n.).

nætr-,gen.from‘nátt’,‘nótt’; -ból,n. =náttból; -elding,f. dawn; -ferðir,f. pl. nightwanderings; -friðr,m. peace, truceduringthenight; -gestr,m. nightguest; -gisting,f. night-lodging; -greiðing,f.=-greiði; -langt,adv. duringonenight; -ligr,a. nocturnal; -skemtan,f. night-enjoyment; -vist,f. night-quarters (þau báðu sér þar -vistar).

-nættr, a., in compds., as ‘einnætr’.

nœfr, a. clever, skilled.

nœgð, f. plenty, abundance.

nœgja (-ði, -t),v. tobeenough,suffice; impers.,e-mnœgir, itissufficientforone; refl.,nœgjast, tosuffice (nœgðisthonum eigi allr heimr).

nœra (-ða, -ðr),v. tonourish,refresh; refl.,nœrast, toassumefreshvigour,recover,rally (nœrðisthónsvásemfráleið).

nœring,f. nourishment,food,sustenance (líkams nœring).

nöf (gen. nafar,pl. nafar and nafir),f.(1) naveofawheel;(2) thepole oftheworld;(3)esp.pl. clasps,rings (by whichtheprojectingendsofbeamsat thecorneresofwallswereheldtogether).

nökkur, adv. somewhere, anywhere. nökkurnig (=nökkurnveginn),adv. in some way. nökkurr,indef.pron.(1) any,anybody (fyrstvillhannspyrja,efn.erfróðrmaðr inni);afteranegative(áøngumbœ fannstn.maðr);(2)opp.to‘engi’, some (þeirfengunökkuranjósnafferð Ástríðar);neut.,nökkut, something, somewhat,anything (efþérþykkirn.veitt

ílífgjöfþinni);hannspurði,efþarværi n.manna, heaskediftherewereanymen there;nökkurstilþungr, somewhat (rather)tooheavy;svánökkuru(nökkvi) about;svánökkurumunyðvarleitafarit lengi, aboutsolongwilltheyseekyou; nökkurufyrirdag, awhilebeforedaylight;(3) some,acertain;maðrn., acertainman;umdagnökkurn, acertainday; nökkurahríð,nökkurt(nakkvart)skeið, forsometime;(4)theplur.addedtoanumeral, about,some (nökkursexskipeða sjau;nökkurumtveimsinnumeðaþrim).

nökkut,adv.(1) somewhat,insomedegree,rather (þóathannþœttin. blandinn);hennivarskapþungtn. (nakkvat), shewasratherdepressedin spirit;núhefiekn.hugsatmálit, nowI havethoughtoverthemattersomewhat;(2) atall,toanyextent (villþún.sonuþína við láta vera?).

nökkva-maðr,m. amanwhorowsa ‘nökkvi’.

nökkverr, pron. = nökkurr.

nökkvi,m. boat,skip (hafðþáHymirút skotit nökkvanum).

nökkvi, some,oldneut.dat.from ‘nökkurr’=nökkuru;esp. somewhat (n. lengra, n. síðarr).

nøktr, nøkviðr (acc. nøktan, nøkþan), a. naked. nös (gen. nasar,pl. nasar and nasir),f. nostril,esp.pl. nostrils,nose; bregðae-ufyrirnasare-m, toputitbefore one ’ snose;draganasirate-u, tosnuff, smellatathing;stinganösumniðr, tofall uponone’sface,bitethedust;lúkanösum, to shut the nostrils, die.

Oobláta, f. sacramental wafer.

odda-maðr,m. overman (whogivesthe casting vote); umpire.

odd-hagr,a. skilledinwood-carving; -hending,f. thefirstrhymingsyllable, whenatthebeginningofaline; -hvass,a. sharp-pointed.

oddi,m.(1) triangle,pointofland;(2) oddnumber;fig.,standast(skerast)íodda, to be at odds, at variance.

oddr (-s, -ar),m.(1) pointofaweapon; meðoddiokeggju, withpointandedge,at thesword’spoint,byforce (heimta,eyðaetmeðoddiokeggju);brjótaoddafoflæti sínu, tobreakthepointofone’spride,to humbleoneself;(2) spear (fölviroddar); (3) spur (þóttvérjóióraoddumkeyrum); (4) leader (hannvaro.okœsirfyrirþessumúráðum);(5) thefront (hannhafði yxnum skipat í odd á liði sínu).

odd-viti,m. leader,chief (-vitiliðs-ins, fyrir liðinu).

of,prep.(1)withdat.andacc., over = yfir(faraoffjöll;sitjaofborði);oftime, =um;ofhaust or ofhaustum, intheautumn;ofaptaninn, intheevening;ofhríð, forawhile;ofallt, always;(2)withacc. of,about (beravitniofe-t);(3)inacasual sense,poet.;ofsannasök, forajust cause, justly.

of,anencliticparticle,chieflyplaced beforeverbs;ekdrykkofgatensdýra mjaðar, Igotadraughtoftheprecious

mead. of,n.(1) greatquantity,number;offjár, immensityofwealth;ofliðs, avasthost ofmen;(2) excess;viðof, toexcess;þótti hirðmönnumhansviðof, theythoughtit wasbeyondmeasure;(3) pride,conceit (kirkjanverðreigisvámikil,atþarmuni of þitt allt í liggja). of,adv.(1)withadjectivesandadverbs; too;ofgamall,ungr,langr,stuttr, tooold, young,long,short;ofmjök, toomuch;of lengi, toolong;(2)withtheneuterofa pastpart. over-much,toomuch;hafaof drukkit, tohavedrunktoomuch;hafaof gört, tohavetransgressed;hafaofmælt, tohavesaidtoomuch;hafaoftekiðviðen, to have gone too far. ofan,adv.(1) fromabove,down,downwards;fallao., tofalldown;takao.húsin, topulldownthehouse;(2) ontheuppermostpart,atthetop (klettrinnvarvíðr o.);(3) abovethesurfaceof,withgen.(o. jarðar);(4)withpreps.,o.af, downfrom (o.aflandi);o.á or o., downupon (leggr Refráhanno.aptrklæðin,okþarleggst Álfdíso.áklæðin); besides (áþettao. alltgerðihannsuðratossþrettánskútur);þolahverjaskömmáaðrao., tobear onedisgraceafteranother;o.á or áo., to boot,intothebargain,=þaráo.;o.eptir, downalong (reiðhannþáo.eptirdal);o. frá, below (varverkríennihœgrikinno. fráauganu);o.fyrir, downover (hannféll dauðro.fyrirklettinn);fyrirofan, above (arfasáta,erhérstendrfyriro.húsin); steinveggr var fyrir o., above, higher up. ofan-fall,n.(1) downfall;(2) downpourofrain (varveðráttaillok-föll); -för, -ganga,f. descending,descent; -högg,n. cuttingdown; -reið,f. riding downwards.

ofan-verðr,a.(1) theupper,uppermost,opp.to‘neðanverðr’;hannhjóí -verðanskjöldinn, intheuppermostpart oftheshield;á-verðufjallinu, onthetop ofthemountain;breiðrat-verðu, broad atthetop;(2)oftime, inthelaterpartof aperiod,opp.to‘öndverðr’;-verðanótt, towardstheendofthenight,lateinthe night;á-verðumdögumHaralds, inthe later part of the reign of King Harold. ofar-la, -liga,adv.(1) highup,inthe upperpart (-ligaídalnum);þeimmuní brúnbregðaok-ligaklæja, theywillmake awryfaceandtheirpateswilltingle;fig., bítae-m-la, tobiteonesharply;(2)of time, towardstheendofacertainperiod; -ligaádögumÓlafskonungs, inthelater partofthereignofKingOlaf (=áofanverðum dögum).

ofarr,adv.compar.(1) higherup (annataugatmuno.enannat);fig.,láteigi o.komaþessafólsku, letnotthisnonsense gofarther;(2) later,moveadvancedin time;(3)o.meirr=ofarr; ofarst,adv. superl. highest, uppermost. of-át,n. over-eating,gluttony; -beldi, n. violence,overbearing; -bræði,f. passion,rashness; -dirfð,f. foolhardiness, impudence. ofdirfðar-fullr, -samr,a. foolhardy, impudent. of-dramb, n. arrogance, conceit. ofdrambs-fullr, a. arrogant. of-drykkja, f. indulgence in drink. ofdrykkju-maðr, m. drunkard. of-dul,f. toogreatconceit; -dulinn,a. self-conceited; -dyri,n. ‘over-door’,lintel; -fari,a. havinggonetoofar;verðaoffari viðe-n, totransgressagainstone; -fors, n. presumption. offr,n. offering (fórnireðaoffr;offr

hins heilaga Ólafs).

offra (að),v.(1) tomakeanoffering, sacrifice (o.e-me-t);(2) tomakeagift,to present;o.e-me-u(hannoffraðimiklufé til grafar drottins).

of-framsœkni,f. over-temptation; -fylli,f. surfeit,gluttony; -gangr,m. excess;gangaofgangi(-göngum)yfiren, totyrannize; -gangsi,a. over-prevailing; -gœðakostr,m. greatadvantage; -harmr,m. excessivegrief; -hiti,m. excessiveheat; -hlátr,m. immoderate laughter; -jarl,m. ‘over-earl’,over-match (verðamérsumirofjarlarhéríheraðinu); -kapp,n. stubbornness; -kátr,a. overbearing,wanton; -kerski,f. excessive petulance; -kvæni,n. domineeringofa wife; -kæti,f. wantonness; -láti,m. a vain,showyperson; -látligr,a. showy; -léttliga,adv. promptly; -léttr,a. prompt,easy,ready; -leyfingi,m. apersonmadetoomuchof; -lið,n.=ofrlið; -ljótr,a. hideous; -læti,n. arrogance; -maðr,m. over-match;verae-mofmaðr, tobemorethanamatchfor; -magn,n.= oflið; bera e-n ofmagni, to overpower. ofmetnaðar-fullr,a. fullofpride; -maðr,m. overproudman; -samligr,a. arrogant (-samlig orð).

of-metnaðr,m. pride,arrogance; -metnast (að),v. toprideoneself; -munúð,f. sensuality; -mælgi,f. excessiveloquacity; -mæli,n. exaggeration (er þat ok ekki ofmæli, at).

ofn (-s, -ar), m. oven, furnace. of-neyzla, f. intemperance. ofn-grjót,n. oven-stones; -reykr,m. smoke from an oven. ofra (að),v.(1) tobrandish,waveinthe air,withdat.(o.vápnumsínum);(2) to raise,lift (o.líkamhinshelgaÓlafs);þe-

garersóluvarofrat, assoonasthesun hadrisen;o.sér, toraisethehead,appear (líðrþáeigilangtáðrgömulúhlýðniofrar sér);(3)refl.,ofrast, tobecomeknown (Guðmundrvildieigiþato.láta); topride oneself (af e-u).

ofraðar-maðr,m. anotableman; -rangr,a. exceedinglyperverse; -synd, f. pride,presumption; -vel, exceedingly well; -þrekmaðr,m. anexceedingstrong (courageous) man. ofraðr (gen. -ar),m. notification,disclosure;berae-táofrað, tomakeknown, divulge.

ofr-afl, n. = ofrefli, ofríki. ofran, f. pride, self-assumption. ofr-ást, f. passionate love. of-raun,f. toogreatatrial,tooseverea test; -rausn,f. presumption; -ráð,n.(1) toogreatatask (þóttihonumþettaofráð vera);(2) toohighamatch (Þorsteinn kvað sér þat ofráð).

ofr-dýrr,a. over-dear; -efli,n.(1) overwhelmingforce (þessimaðrbrýztí mótimikluofrefli);(2)Oddrkvaðsér þateigiofrefli, O.saiditwasnotbeyond hisstrength;(3) excess,immensity (ofrefli frosts ok kulda).

ofreflis-maðr, m. powerful man. of-refsan,f. toogreatseverityinpunishing; -rembingr,m. arrogantperson; -reyna (-da, -dr),v. toputtotooseverea test; ofreyna sik, to overstrain oneself. ofr-fé,n. immensityofgoods; -fjöldi, m. immensehost; -gangr,m.=ofgangr; -garpr,m. overdaringman; -gjold,n. pl. direretribution; -harmr,m. overwhelmingsorrow; -hefnd,f. fearful vengeance; -hiti,m. excessiveheat; -hugi,m.(1) afearless,daringman;(2)= -hugr; -hugr, m. dauntless courage.

of-ríki, n. overbearing, tyranny. ofríkis-maðr, m. overbearing man. ofr-kapp,n. excessivezeal,stubbornness (verja mál með -kappi).

ofrkapps-fullr,a. overbearing; -maðr, m. overbearing man. ofr-kuldi,m. excessivecold; -lengi, adv. verylong; -lið,n. overwhelming force;berae-nofrliði, tooverpower; -liga,adv. exceedingly (ofrligafagr); -ligr,a. excessive; -menni,n. mighty champion; -mikill,a. verygreat; -mælgi,f. greatbabblingorvaunting; -mæli, n.=yrði; -skjótt,adv. verysoon; -verkr,m. violentacheorpain; -yrða (-ða, -ðr),v. toaddressinbigwords; -yrði,n. highwords; -þraut,f. hardtrial; -þungi,m. crushingweight; -ölvi,a. having over-drunk, the worse for drink. ofsa (að),v. topuffoneselfup,bearrogant (o.sértilvansa);refl.,ofsast, to grow unruly (Jupiter þótti fólkit ofsast).

ofsa-harðr,a. extremelyhard,severe (-hörðveðr); -maðr,m. overbearingman; -mikill, a. excessively great. ofsi, m. overbearing, tyranny. of-sjónir,f.pl.,sjáofsjónumyfire-u, tolookdownupon,despise (sérþúnúofsjónum yfir flestum bústöðum).

ofskaps-maðr, m. proud man. of-skemtan,f. excessivepleasure; -skvaldr,n. excessoftalking; -skynja, a.indecl. lookingdownupon (verae-mofskynja); -sókn, f. persecution. ofstopa-maðr, m. overbearing man. of-stopi,m. overbearingarrogance; -stýri,n. unmanageablething; -stœki, n. ferocity,vehemence; -stœri,n. haughtiness,pride; -sœkja (seesœkja),v. to persecute; -sœkjandi,m. persecutor; -sögn,f. exaggeration; -sögur,f.pl. ex-

aggeration;eigimáofsögumsegjafrá vitsmunumþínum, yourintelligencecannotbetoohighlypraised; -tekja,f. taking toomuchtooneself; -tign,f. toogreat honour; -vald,n.=-ríki; -veðr,n.= -viðri; -verkr,m. excessivepain; -viðri, n. violentgale; -vilnan,f. conceit,presumption; -virðing,f. toogreathonour; -vægiligr, -vægr,a. immense,overwhelming; -væni,n. anxiousexpectation; -þrá,f. immoderatelust; -þögli,f. stubborn silence. ok,conj.(1) and;bæði…ok, both… and (b.erhannvitrokframgjarn);(2)in comparison, as,and;samimaðrokáðr, thesamemanasbefore;núfórSvíumallt áeinaleiðokDönum, itwentwiththe SwedesinthesamewayaswiththeDanes; þatermjöksundrleitt(úlíkt)okkristnirmenngøra, itdiffersmuchfromwhat Christiansdo;(3)ofanadversativecharacter, andyet,but (hannvarsærðrmörgumsárumokengumstórum);(4)introducingtheapodosis, then =þá;esp. intheoldlaws;efsámaðr(etc.)…,ok verðrhannútlagr, thenheshallpay;(5) usedfortherelativeparticle‘er’;athöllu hannkomokáttiÍmsfaðir, whichbelongedtoIm’sfather;Geirröðrkonungr áttiþáson,okhétAgnarr, whowascalled A.;(6) also (hannheyrirokþat,ergras vex á jörðu).

ok, n. yoke; domination. oka (að),v. tobringundertheyoke,to subjugate. okaðr, pp. joined by a cross-piece. oki, m. cross-piece (cf. ‘hurðar-oki’). okkarr,poss.pron. our,indual;hvárrgi o., neither of us two. okr, n. usury; -karl, m. usurer. olea (að),v. toanoint,administerex-

treme unction to. olean, f. extreme unction. olifa, f., olifu-tré, n. olive-tree. oman, n. boss on a sword. opa (að),v. toretreat,goback (also,opa undan, á hæl). Cf. ‘hopa’. opin-bera (að),v. tomanifest,reveal; -berliga,adv. openly,inpublic; -berligr, -berr,a. manifest,public; -eygðr, -eygr,a. open-eyed; -mynntr,a. openmouthed. opinn,a.(1) open (o.nummr,opin hurð,opitlopt);komae-míopnaskjöldu, totakeoneintherear;(2) resupine,on theback,opp.to‘ágrúfu’(hannlétbindahanno.ásláeina);(3) open,undecided (E. segir eigi sið, at mál stœði opin).

opin-spjallr,a. outspoken,free-spoken (var S. óðlátr ok -spjallr).

opna (að),v. toopen (hannléto.hauginn); refl., opnast, to be opened. opna, f. opening, crater. opt,adv. often,frequently;compar.,optarr, oftener;superl.,optast, oftenest, most frequently. opt-leiki,m. frequency; -liga,adv. often,frequently; -ligr,a. frequent; -samligr,a. frequent; -sinnis,adv. many times; -sinnis, -sinnum,adv. oftentimes. orð,n.(1) word;efmaðrmælirnökkuruorðiímót, ifamanspeaksaword againstit;segjaísínuorðihvárt, tosay onethinginonebreathandanotherinthe next;takatilorða, tobegintospeak; kveðaatorði, tosay,utter;hafaviðo., tohintat;velorðifarinn, well-spoken, eloquent;fornkveðito., anoldsaw;(2) word,repute,report (gott,illto.);fyrir orðssakir, becauseofwhatpeoplemight say;leggjae-ttilorðs, totalkabout;þótt okkrséþattilorðslagit, althoughweare

blamedforit;(3) message (senda,gøraem o.).

orða (að),v. totalkof (varþettabrátt orðat, at O. fífldi Sigrídi).

orð-slunginn, -slœgr,a. cunningin words; -snild, -snilli,f. eloquence; -snjallr,a. eloquent; -spakr,a. wise-spoken; -speki,f. wisdominwords; -stef, n. notice,mention;hafae-ní-stefi, to speakofone; -stiltr,a. moderateinone’s words. orðs-tírr,m. fame,renown,goodreport (falla við góðan orðstír).

orð-stórr,a. usingbigwords; -svif, n. rumour; -svinnr,a.=-spakr; -sæll,

orða-ákast,n. altercation; -dráttr, m.(1) talk (illr-dráttr);(2) drawling; -framburðr,m. utterance; -framkast, n. chanceproposal; -fullting,n. speakingwellforone; -glœsur,f.pl. showy words; -grein,f. phrase; -hagr,a. skilled,expertinwords; -hald,n. keeping one ’sword; -heimtingar, -hendingar, f.pl. bandyingwords; -hjaldr,m. verbiage; -hnippingar,f.pl. altercations; -lag,n. mannerofspeaking,expression; -lauss,a. wordless;láta-laust, tobe silent; -leiðing,f. pronunciation; -lengd,f. lengthofaverse; -maðr,m. eloquentman; -samr,a. wordy,longwinded; -semi,f. verbiage,loquacity; -skak,n. scolding; -skil,n.pl. distinctionofwords (ekkinam-skil); -skipan, f. theorderofwords; -skipti,n.pl. exchangeofwords (eiga-skiptiviðe-n); -skrap, -skrum,n. bragging; -snild,f. eloquence; -staðr,m.,gørðuSvíarþá kurrmikinnokmæltihverrí-staðannars, allspokeatonce(orinoneway?); -sveimr,m. rumour; -tiltekja,f. utterance,language; -tœki,n., -tœkja,f., -tök, n. pl. mode of expression. orð-bæginn,a. taunting; -djarfr,a. outspoken; -fall,n.,e-mverðr-fall, one isstruckdumb; -farinn,a.,vel-farinn, eloquent; -fár,a. usingfewwords; -ferli,n. expression,utterance; -fimi,f. skill inwords; -fimr,a. ofeasy,flowingspeech; -fjöldi,m. supplyofwords (heyjasér -fjölda); -flaug,f. floatingrumour; -fleyting,f. rumour; -fleyttr,pp. rumoured; -fœri,n.orf.(1) style (ofacomposition);(2) flowofwords,eloquence; -fœrliga,adv. glibly; -fœerr,a. wellspoken,eloquent; -gífr,n. termagant; -gnótt,f. flowofwords; -góðr,a. speakingwellofeverybody; -gætinn,a. waryin one ’swords,reserved; -hagr,a. skilledin theuseofwords; -hákr,m. abusiveperson; -hegi,f. skillinwords; -heill,f.(1) goodomen;(2) report (eigihafaþaugóða -heill); -hittinn,a. facetious; -hvass, a. sharp-tongued; -igr,a. wordy,copious; -illr,a. speakingevilofothers; -kringi, f. glibnessoftongue; -krókar,m.pl. sophistry; -lag,n.(1) wayofspeaking, talk,language;(2) report (aflasérgóðs -lags); -lauss,a. wordless;láta-laust, to besilentabout; -lof,n. praise (vinsæld ok-lof); -margr,a. long-winded; -nœfr, a. witty; -rammr,a. powerfulinwords; -rómr,m. report,publicopinion (sá -rómrlagðistá); -rœða,f. talk,discussion;barsaman-rœðuþeirrajarlsok Finnboga, theearlandF.hadaninterview; -rœða (-dda, -ddr),v. totalkof; -sending,f. message; -sjúkr,a. ‘wordsick’,touchy; -skár,a.=-havss; -skrípi, skræpi, -skrök,n. objectionablelanguage. orðs-kviðr,m.(1) proverb,saw;(2) report (huggast við góðan -kvið).

a. enjoyingagoodreputation; -tak,n.(1) phrase,expression (þater-tak,atsáer týhraustr);(2) watchword (þáskuluvér hafaallireitt-tak:fram,framKristmenn);(3) speech,words,wayofspeaking; þáfellustöllumÁsum-tök, wordsfailed them,theywerestruckdumb;þatvareitt -takallra, allsaidthesame;Gunnarr heyrðiöll-tökin, G.heardeverywordthey said;hafa-takviðe-n, tohaveatalkwith one; -tœki,n.=-tak; -vandr,a. sensitive(particular)astoother’swords (þarft þú eigi svá -vönd at vera). orðvarps-maðr, m. spokesman. orð-varr,a. watchfulofone’stongue, discreet; -víss, a. witty, clever. orf, n. scythe-handle, snath. organ, n. organ. organs-list,f. artoforgan-playing; -meistari, m. organist; organ-builder. orka (að),v.(1) tobeabletodo;önnur vannalltþat,erhónorkaði, theother workedallthatshecould;withda.,þó hyggsthanneinnmunuölluo., yethe thinkshecandoeverythinghimself;allt þatlið,ervápnummáttio., allthosewho couldwieldweapons;(2)withgen.ofthe thing,o.e-me-s, tocause,effect;mér orkarþatmargravandræða, itcausesme muchtrouble;þettamuno.tíðenda, this willgivesomethingtospeakabout;allt orkartvímælisþáergörter, therearetwo sidestoeverythingthatisdone;impers., jafnanorkartvímælis,þóathefntsé;(3) withpreps.,o.ate-u, toact,proceedwith, do;þeirrœðanúummeðsér,hversuat skalo., whatistobedone;o.áe-t, towork on,haveeffecton (varþatþólengi,ateigi orkaðieldráÞórólf);hannmáttienguá o., hecoulddonothing;o.orðaáe-n, to makeonespeak;o.tile-s, toprepare (o. tilveizlu);o.á, tobegin;orkumekkiá fyrri, letusnotbethefirsttoattack;(4) refl.,orkastate-u, toexertoneselfina thing; tosetaboutdoingsomething (hversuhannskyldiato.atsegjaföðursínum þessitíðendi);o.hugaráatgørae-t, to makeupone’smindtodoathing;honum þótti seint á o., he thougth it went slowly. orka,f.(1) strength,powerforwork (orkanþvarr,þvíatellinsóttiáhendr honum); (2) work. orkn, n. a kind of seal; cf. ‘örkn’. orkn-eyjar, f. pl., the Orkneys. orku-fátt,a.n. failinginstrength (honumvarðorkufátt); -maðr,m. labourer; -vana,a.indecl. bereftordestitute of strength. or-lof,n. permission,leave (ekvil beiðast,herra!atþérgefirmérorlofat faratilÍslands);orloftilbrottferðar, leave to depart. orlofa (að), v. to allow. orlofs-bréf,n. writofpermission; -laust, a. n. without leave. orma-bœli,n. abodeofsnakes; -garðr,m. snake-pen; -látr,n.=ormabæli.

orm-beðr,m.poet. snake’slair; -beðseldr, gold; -garðr,m.=ormagarðr(G.léthannkastaíormgarð); -ligr, a. fig. sly, cunning. ormr (-s, -ar), m. snake, serpent. orms-bit,n. snake-bite; -tunga,f. snake’s tongue, a nickname. orna (að),v.(1) towarm;o.sér, to warmoneself (láthanno.sérokfarisíðan tilsels);impers.,ornare-m, onegets warm;(2) togetwarm (svátekrbrunnrinn at o.).

orri, m. heathcock. orrosta, f. battle.

orrostu-laust,adv. withoutbattle; -lok,n.pl. issue,endofabattle; -maðr, m. warrior; -slög,n.pl. battles; -staðr, m. battle-place.

oss-,poss.pron. our,=várr(atviljaossum, í hendr ossar, etc.).

ost-hleifr,m. acheese; -hlutr,m. slice of cheese; -kista, f. cheese-press. ostr (-s, -ar), m. cheese.

ostra, f. oyster. ota (að),v. topush,withdat.;o.sér fram, tothrustoneselfforward (Þórirotar sér fram milli manna).

otr (gen. otrs, pl. otrar), m. otter. otr-belgr,m. otter-skin; -gjöld,n. pl., poet. gold; -hundr, m. otter-hound. oxa-höfuð, n. head of an ox. oxi (pl. øxn), m. ox = uxi.

Ó

ó-, the negative prefix un-. See ‘ú-’.

ó, interj. oh! (ó! góðir menn!)

óast (að),v.refl. todread,fear,be afraid (óumk ek aldrigi).

óða-far, n. hurry (í -fari).

óðal (pl. óðul),n. ancestralproperty, patrimony,inheritance (inland); family homestead; nativeplace;flýjaóðulsín, to abandon one’s home, go into exile.

óðal-borinn,pp.(1) bornpossessorof an ‘óðal’;(2) entitledto (tile-s) bybirth; -jörð, f. native country.

óðals-borinn,pp.=óðalborinn; -jörð,f.=óðaljörð; -maðr,m. allodial owner;sannr-maðrtilNoregs, rightful heir of Norway.

óðal-torfa, f. patrimony, heritage.

óða-stormr,m. violentgale; -straumr,m. violentcurrent; -veðr,n. = -stormr; -verkr, m. violent pain.

óð-fluga,a.indecl. withviolentspeed; -fúsi, -fúss, a. madly eager.

óð-indæla,f. embarrassment,trouble; -indæll,a. unmanageable,difficultto deal with.

óðinn (dat. óðni), m. Odin. óðins-dagr, m. Wednesday. óðlast (að),v.refl. togetpossessionof, see ‘öðlast’.

óð-látr,a. headstrong,impatient; -liga,a. vehemently,impatiently; -lundaðr,a. rash,headstrong; -málugr,a. speaking violently, excited.

óðr (óð, ótt),a.(1) mad,frantic;ó. maðr, madman;(2) furious,vehement,eager (váruþeirsynirÓsvífrsóðastiráþettamál);e-merótt, oneiseager,impatient (hannkallaðisérþóóttumferðina);ótt, asadv. vehemently (þeirreidduótt sverðinokhjuggutítt);Flosifóratengu óðaraenhannværiheima, Flosibehaved as calmly as if he were at home.

óðr,m.(1) mind,feeling;(2) song,poetry; óðar smiðr, poet. óðum,adv. rapidly,=ótt;seetheadj. ‘óðr’.

óð-viðri,n. violentgale,=ofviðri; -virki,a. franticwithpain (-virkiafbeinverkjum).

ó-freski, f. second sight. ó-freskr,a. endowedwithsecondsight, able to see supernatural beings. ófrýn-liga,adv., -ligr,a.,see‘úfrýnliga, úfrýn-ligr’.

ógn,f.(1) dread,terror;stendró.afem, oneinspiresterror (þóttihonumlítil ó.afþeimstanda);(2)esp.pl.‘ógnir’, threats,menaces (meðbliðmælumok ógnum);(3)gen.ógnar-,prefixedasadv. awfully (ógnar-breiðr, -digr, -mikill).

ógn, f. poet. river; ógnar ljómi, gold. ógna (að),v.(1) tothreaten,withdat. (þérhafitöðrumógnat);withdouble dat.,ó.e-me-u, tothreatenonewitha thing (eldrinnógnaðibráðumbrunaallri hanseign);(2)refl.,ógnaste-t, tofear, stand aghast at a thing.

ógnan, f. threatening, menaces. ógnar-boð,n. dreadfulmessage; -erendt,n.=-boð; -geisli,m. dreadful ray; -hlutir,m. formidablething; -laust,adv. withoutterror; -ligr,a. awful,terrible; -mál,n.pl. menacingwords; -orð,n.pl. menacingwords; -raust,f.

dreadful voice.

ógn-hvatr, a. brave in danger.

ógur-leikr,m. awfulness; -liga,adv. awfully; -ligr, a. awful, terrible.

ól (pl. -ar), strap, = ál.

ólafs-messa, -vaka,f. St.Olaf’sday (July 29 or Aug. 3).

ólga, f. swell, swelling (sævar ó.).

ólm-liga,adv. furiously,savagely; -ligr, a. = ólmr.

ólmr, a. savage, furious (ó. hundr).

ólpa, f. a kind of outer cloak.

ólpu-maðr, m. a cloaked man.

ómun,f. sound,voice (heitirokrödd ó.); ó. þverr, my voice fails me.

ón, f. = ván (ón es þess engi).

óp,n.(1) shout,shouting,crying (þávarð ópmikitatlögbergiokúhljóð);(2) weeping, crying (sló síðan ópi á barnit).

ór,prep.withdat.(1) outof,from; tekinnórjörðu, takenoutoftheearth; vaknaórsvefni, towakeoutofsleep;ÍslandbygðistórNoregi, fromNorway;ór Mön, fromtheIsleofMan;erþábarór hafi, fromthe sea;spyrjaórkaupstefnu, toasknewsfromthemarket;húsórhúsi, fromhousetohouse;ráðastórhernaði, toleaveofffreebooting;(2)denotingthe substanceofwhichathingismade,of, outof;órYmisholdivarjörðumsköpuð, outofY.’sfleshtheearthwasmade,hjölt órgulli, agoldenhilt;(3) outof,from among (þessirfélluórliðiHaralds);(4) denotingcause;deyjaórsárum,sótt, to dieofwounds,sickness;(5) beyond;svá mikillsnjór,atþatvarórdœnum, beyond exaniple,unexampled;órhófi, beyond measure;þurrumjökvinsældirhansór þvísemvóru, hispopularilydwindled fromwhatithadbeen;(6)órþví, after (núskalsegja,hvatgørðistórþvíF.var

íburtufarinn);(7)absol.,hannskarór spjótit, he cut the spear clean through. óra (-ða),v. torave,wrangle (órirgestr við gest).

óra-ferb,f. madundertaking; -maðr, m. madman; -mál, n. mad talk. órar,f. or m.pl.(1) fitsofmadness, craziness (hónbareigióraíaugum);hann gørðisérórar, hefeignedinsanity;(2) wild fancies (órar þær, er sjá maðr ferr með).

ór-bjarga,a.indecl. helpess,=ørbjarga; -dauðr,a. extinct,quitedead; -fœri, n. expedient,choice (hannsáekki-fœri sittannat); -hóf,n.=-óf; -kola,a.indecl.=ørkola; -kosta,f. means,supplies (deyjafráallri-kostu); -kostr,m. means, resources; -lausn,f.(1) answer,reply,solution (engispyrrþeirrahluta,ereigi kannhann-lausn);-lausnallra spurninga, solutionofallquestions;(2) releasefromadifficulty,help; -lauss,a. free,disengaged; -lof,n.,see‘orlof’; -óf,n.=-hóf, immensequantity,countlessnumber (-óflausafjár);-ófivetraáðr værijörðsköpuð, numberlesswintersere theearthwasfashioned; -ráð, -ræði,n. expedient,help (hvert-ræðiviltuveita mér?).

órskurðar-maðr,m. umpire,arbitrator (þeir tóku G. til -manns).

ór-skurðr,m.(1) decision;veita -skurðume-t, todecideaquestion;(2) opinion (vilekheyrafleirimanna-skurð umþettamál); -slit,n.pl. finaldecision (hannveittiengi-slit); -völ,n.pl. refuse, what is left over. ósk,f. wish;yðrgengralltatóskum, everything succeeds to your wishes. óska-byrr,m. afairwindto one ’ s heart’scontent; -sonr,m. adoptedson; -vel,adv. justasonewishes,exceedingly

ósk-barn Ó óttusöngs-mál

well.

ósk-barn, -berni,n. adoptedchild; -mær,f. chosenmaid; -mögr,m.=óskasonr, beloved son.

ós-mynni, n. mouth of an estuary.

óss (gen. óss,pl. ósar),m.(1) mouth oroutletofariverorlake (Danubiusfellr meðsjauósumtilsjófar);(2) fountainhead (at ósi skal á stemma).

óst,f., óstr,m. throat,=hóstr(hann var lostinn öru í óstinn).

ósvift, a. n., see ‘úsvift’.

ótta, f. the last part of the night. ótta-bolð,n. feelng,afraid,fear,anxiety; -bragð,n. anairofbeingafraid; -fenginn, -fullr,a. terrified; -lauss, a. fearless (veritøruggirok-lausir);

-laust, nottobefeared,withoutdanger (varþarþáallt-laust); -ligr,a. fearful, terrible; -mikill,a. fulloffear;þágørðist -mikitmeðBöglum, theB.weremuch afraid; -samligr,a.=-ligr; -sleginn, pp. terror-stricken.

óttast (að),v.refl. tofear (ó.e-n);ó. atsér,umsik, tobeanxious(concerned) about oneself.

ótti,m.(1) fear,dread;svávarþeim öllummikilló.athonum, theywereall somuchafraidofhim;(2) acauseoffear, dreadfulthing (ó.varatsjáíauguhonum, ef hann var reiðr).

óttu-söngr, m. matins.

óttusöngs-mál,n. thetimeofmatins; -tíðir, f. pl. prayers at matins.

Ppadda, f. toad (froskar ok pöddur).

paðreimr,m. thehippodromeinConstantinople. pakki, m. pack, bundle. pakta-öld, f. the cycle of eþacts. palata, f. = polota. palla-lofsöngr, -sálmi,m. ‘psalmof degrees’; -söngr, m. gradual. pallr (-s, -ar),m.(1) step,=gráda;(2) theraised-flooralongthesidesofthehall, =‘lang-pallar’;(3) acrossdaisattheupper end of the hall, ‘þverpallr, hápallr’.

palls-horn,n. thecorneroftheraised floor.

pall-stokkr,m. beamattheedgeof the ‘pallr’; -strá,n.pl. strawspreadon the ‘pallr’.

pantr (-s, -ar), m. pledge, pawn. panzari, m. coat of mail. papi,m.(1) IrishorCuldeemonkorhermit; (2) pope. par,n.(1) pair;tvennpörskœða, two pair of shoes; (2) paring, scrap. paradís, f. paradise. parta (að), v. to part, divide. partera (að),v.(1)=parta;(2) togive a part of (p. e-m e-t).

parteran, f. division. partr (-s, -ar), m. part, share. past,n. food,=áta;inthephrase,liggja ápasti, tobesuckingthebloodoutofthe prey. pati, m. rumour, = kvittr.

pausa (að), v. to marry, = púsa. pá or pái, m. peacock, a nickname. páfa-bann,n. papalban; -dómr,m. papacy,papalsee; -dœmi,n. papacy,papalsee; -garðr,m. thepapalresidence; -ligr,a. popish,papal; -stóll,m.the papal chair; -sæti, n. = -dómr. páfi, m. pope. pá-fugl, m. peacock. páll (-s, -ar),m.akindof hoeorspade (páll ok reka).

pálma-dagr, m. Palm Sunday. pálmari, m. palmer, pilgrim. pálmi, pálmr, m. palm-tree. pálm-sunna,f., -sunnudagr,m. PalmSunday; -viðr,m. palm-wood, palm-tree.

pál-stafr, m. a kind of heavy missile. páska-aptann,m. Easter-eve; -dagr, m. Easter-day; -friðr,m. Easter-peace; -hald,n.thekeepingofEaster; -helgi, f. Easter-tide. páskar, m. pl. Easter. páskir, f. pl. Easter. páska-vika,f. Easter-week; -vist,f. stayduringEaster; -öld,f. thePaschal Cycle.

peð-mát, n. checkmate with a pawn. pell, n. a kind of costly stuff. pells-klæði,n. garment,clothesof ‘pell’; -skikkja, f. cloak of ‘pell’. peningr, penningr (-s, -ar),m.(1) a pieceofproperty,article (hannskiparupp gózit,varþarhverrp.valinní);(2) coin, money (enskirpenningar);(3) penny =1/ 10 of an ‘eyrir’. penta (að), v. to paint. pentari, m. painter. persóna, f. (1) person; (2) parson. pikka (að),v. topick,prick,stab (pikkaði sínu sverði á siðunni).

pikkis-dagar, m. pl. Whitsuntide.

pikturr, m. painter.

piltr, piltungr (-s, -ar), m. boy, lad. pilz, n. fur coat.

pilzungr, m. short fur coat. piparr, m. pepper. pipra (að), v. to pepper. pistill (dat. pistli), m. epistle. pík, f. piked staff, = broddstafr. píka, f. girl, lass. píla, f. arrow, = ör. píla-grimr (-s, -ar), m. pilgrim. pílárr (-s, -ar), m. pillar.

píment, n. a kind of spiced wine. pína,f.(1) fine (undirpínutólfaura gjalds); (2) torment, torture. pína (-da, -dr),v.(1) topunish;(2) to torment, torture (á krossi píndr). píning, f. (1) torture; (2) passion. píningar-saga,f. historyofone’smartyrdom; -staðr,m.=píslarstaðr; -váttr, m. a martyr; -vætti, n. martyrdom. pínsl, f. torture, passion, = písl.

pípa,f.(1) pipe,tube;drekkaafpípu, to drinkthroughaquill;(2) pipe,asamusicalinstrument(þarvórubumburbarðar ok pípur blásnar).

pípari, m. piper. pípna-hljómr, m. the sound of pipes. písl, f. = pínsl, píning.

píslar-dagr,m. passion-day; -fœri, n. instrumentoftorture; -mark,n. the signorsymbolofthecross; -saga,f.= píningarsaga; -staðr,m. placeoftorment; -tíð,f. timeofpassion; -tré,n. ‘passion-tree’,thecross; -váttr,m. martyr; -vætti, n. martyrdom. pjakka (að),v. topick,prick (efþú pjakkar broddinum á hallinn).

plaga (að),v.(1) tocultivate;(2) to treat,entertain (velplagaðirímatok

drykk); (3) to be used, wont. plagg,n. luggage (hannbarvápnþeirra okönnur piögg).

plagga-margr,a. havingmuchluggage (ekki er ek -margr).

planta (að), v. to plant. plata, f. plate, plate armour. plága, f. severe chastisement. plána (að), v. to efface, blot out. plástr, m. plaster. pláz, n. place, spot. plokka (að),v.(1) topluck (tókRandvérhauksinnokplokkaðiaffjaðrarnar);

fig.,p.e-tafe-m, topluckitoutofone; (2) to plunder. plóg-járn,n. plough-iron,ploughshare; -karl, m. ploughman. plógr (-s, -ar), m. plough. plógs-land, n. plough-land. plóma, f. plum. plœgja (-ða, -ðr), v. to plough. poki, m. poke, bag, sack. pollr (-s, -ar), m. pool, pond. polota,f. theemperor’spalace inConstantinople.

polotu-svarf,n. ‘palace-scouring’ (in order to pick up valuables).

port,n. gate; -hús,n. brothel; -kona, f. harlot; -lífí, n. prostitution. posi, m. little bag = poki. postola-dómr,m. apostleship; -kirkja,f. anapostle’schurch; -messa,f. mass of an apostle. postoli, m. apostle. postoligr, a. apostolic. pottr (-s, -ar), m. pot. prámr, m. a flat-bottomed boat. prédika (að), v. to preach. prédikan, f. preaching. prédikara-bróðir,m. Dominicanfriar; -klaustr,n., -lifnaðr,m. Domini-

can convent, order. prédikari,m.(1) preacher;(2) Dominican friar.

presenta (að),v. topresent (gersimar at presenta kominginum).

presenta, f. present. presta-dómr,m. ecclesiasticalcourt; -fátt,n. scarcityofpriests; -spítal,n., -spítali,m. infirmaryforpriests; -stefna, f. conference of priests. prest-borð,n. apriest’sboardormaintenance; -kaup,n. apriest’ssalary; -kona,f. apriest’swife; -lingr,m. theologicalstudentpreparingfororders; -maðr, m. clergyman, priest. prestr (-s, -ar), m. priest. prest-setr,n. priest’sresidence; -skapr, m. priesthood. prests-stétt,f. thepriestlyorder, priesthood; -tíund,f. priest’stithe; -vígsla, f. ordination of a priest. prest-vist,f. maintenanceofapriest (ek lagða fé til -vistar).

pretta (að),v. tocheat,deceive (ekki skal ek p. yðr í þessu kaupi).

pretta-fulir,a. deceitful,tricky; -lauss, a. guileless, without deceit. prettóttr, a. = prettafullr. prettr (-s, -ar),m. trick,deceit,fraud (með flærð ok prettum).

prett-vísi,f. deceitfulness,craftiness; -vísliga,adv. deceitfully; -vísligr,a., -víss,a. deceitful,crafty,wily (ágjarnok -víss).

prim-signa (-da, -dr),v. to‘primesign’ (areligiousact,preliminarytochristening); -signan, -signing,f. ‘primasignatio’, marking with the sign of the cross. prím, n. (1) new moon; (2) = prími. príma-mál, n. the time of prime. prími, m. prime, six o’clock a. m.

prísa (að), v. to praise. prísa (að), v. to press, torture. príss,m. state,pomp (þeirsiglduþá með prís miklum).

prísund, f. prison (setja í p.). próf,n.(1) proof,evidence;(2) ordeal, trial (of a fact). prófa (að),v.(1) totry (p.máekþetta); (2) toexamine (p.sök,mil);(3) tofind out;efekprófaþettasannindi, iffindthis to be true; (4) to prove (by evidence). prófan, f. trial, inquiry. prófast-dœmi,n. districtofaprevost, provostship. prófastr (-s, -ar), m. provost. próvenda, -venta,f.(1) prebend (for themaintenanceofachurchorcharitableinstitution);(2) surrenderofrealproperty for maintenance. prúð-leikr,m. show,ornament; -liga, adv.(1) inastatelymanner,magnificently; (2) manfully; -ligr,a. magnificent (-lig veizla).

prúðr, a. stately, magnificent, fine. prýða (-dda, -ddr),v. toadorn,ornament, make beautiful. prýði,f.(1) ornament,pomp;(2) gallantry,bravery (fallameðp.okorðstir); -liga,adv. finely,nobly,bravely (Erlingr varðist-liga); -ligr,a. magnificent (-lig veizla).

pund,n.(1) pound (=24‘marks’or12 lbs.); (2) pound = two ‘marks’. pundari, m. steelyard. pungr, m. small bag, pouch, purse. punkta, punktera (að), v. to dot. punktr,m.(1) point;(2) nickoftime (í þann punkt); (3) point, case. purpura-gull,n. redgold; -litr,m. purple colour; -pell, n. costly stuff. purpuri,m. purple;also costlystuff

(purpura-hökull hvítr).

purpur-ligr, a. purple (-ligr hringr).

putt, interj. pish, pshaw. púki, m. devil, fiend. púsa (að),v.(1) toespouse,marry;(2) to give in marriage to (p. e-a e-m).

púss, m. small bag, = pungr. pústr (gen. -rs,pl. -rar),m. boxon the ear (konungr sló hana p.).

púta, f. harlot, = portkona. pútna-hús, n. brothel.

pútu-barn, n., -sonr, m. whoreson. pynda (-nda, -ndr),v. tocompelby brute force (p. e-n til e-s).

pynding (pl. -ar),f. extortion,tyranny (pyndingar ok kúgan).

pyttr, m. pit, pool, cesspool.

Rrabba (að), v. to babble, prate. raddaðr,pp. havingavoiceofacertain tone (vel, illa r.).

raddar-grein,f. articulation; -stafr,m. vowel; -tól,n. organof speech. radd-lit,n. bandofsingers; -maðr,m. a man with (great) vocal powers. raf,n. amber; -band,n. necklaceofamber beads. rafr (pl. -ir),m. theamber-likefatand fins of a halibut. raggatar-klæði,n.pl. shaggyclothes. Cf. ‘rögg’.

rag-mennska,f. cowardice; -mæli,n. ignominiouscalumny,chargingonewith ragmennska.

ragna (að),v. toimprecate,invokeupon one (r. e-t at e-m).

ragna-,gen.from‘regin’; -rök,n.pl. thedoomordestructionofthegods; thelast day,theendoftheworld; -røkkr,n. the twilight of the gods, world’s end. ragr,a.(1) craven,cowardly (biðþúþá, efþúerteigir.);(2) emasculate,effeminate; = argr (þegi þú, rög vættr). rag-skapr,m.(1) dastardliness,cowardice; (2) vile effeminacy. rak, n. wick of a candle. rak, n.; pl. rök, rakings of hay. raka (að),v.(1) tosweepaway (G. rakaðimýinubrottmeðhendisinni);(2) torake (r.hey,ljá,töðu);r.upphey, to

rakeitupintococks (tókhóneigiatr. upp,þóttþatværimælt);r.samanfé, to rakemoneytogether;(3) toshave (r.sik,r. skegg sitt).

rak-hlaup, n. a straight run. rakka-hjörtr,m.poet. ‘parrel-hart,’ ship; -víg, n. dog fight. rakki, m. (1) dog; (2) naut., parrel. rakk-látr,a. bold,brave; -læti,n. boldness, courage. rakkr,a. erect (þúheldrnökkuru rakkara halanum en fyrir stundu).

rak-leið,f. astraightcourse (fara-leið norðrtilBjörgynjar); -leitt,a.n. straight,direct (þeirsigldu-leittnorðrtil bœjarins).

rakna (að),v.(1) tobeunwound,unwinditself (þráðrinnraknaðiaf hörhnoða);látar.hendrsínarafe-u, to loosenone’sgraspof;(2) tobepaidback, restored,discharged (endaverðaatr. leigurnarallarfyrst);látae-tr., togiveit up;(3)r.við, torecoverone’ssenses,come to oneself (þorsteinn raknaði skjótt við).

ramm-aukinn,pp. verypowerful (asa wizard); -bygðr,pp. strong-built; -byggiliga,adv. strongly; -görr,a. strongbuilt,verystrong; -hugatr,a. strongof mind; -liga,adv. strongly (binda-liga); -ligr, a. strong (-ligr skíðgarðr).

rammr,a.(1) strong,ofbodilystrength (r.atafli);viðrammanerreipatdraga, it ispullingaropeagainstastrongman;(2) mighty,powerful (rammarvættir);(3) bitter, biting, opp. to ‘sœtr’.

ramm-skiþaðr, pp. strongly manned. rang-dœma (-da, -dr),v. tojudgeunjustly; -dœmi,n. unjustsentence; -eygr, a. squint-eyed; -fenginn,pp. gotbyiniquity, wrongly got. rangindi,n.pl. unfairdealings,injus-

tice (gøra,þola,rangindi);meðrangindum, wrongfully.

rang-látr,a. unrighteous,unjust; -leikr,m.=-læti; -liga,adv. wrongly; -ligr,a. wrong,unjust; -læti,n. injustice,unrighteousness (illgirniokranglæti).

ranglætis-maðr,m. unrighteousman; -verk, n. unjust deed. rangr,a.(1) wry,crooked,opp.torétr’; (2) wrong (teljaþatrangt,erréttet,en þatrétterrangter);neut.‘rangt’,asadv. wrongly,inawrongway (stefnarangt);at röngu, með röngu, wrongfully. rang-sáttr,a. disagreeing,atvariance; -semi,f. unrighteousness; -settr,pp. misplaced; -snúa (see snúa),v.(1) todistort,pervert;(2) tomisrepresent; -sýni,f. wrongview; -sýnn,a. erringinjudgment; -sœlis,adv. againstthesun,=and-sœlis (núgengrÞ.-sœlisumbœinn); -sœri, n. falseoath,perjury; -trúaðr,a. heretic; -turna (að),v.=-snúa; -virða (-rða, -rðr),v. tomisjudge; -virðing,f. wrong judgment. rani,m.(1) snout (ofahog,snake);(2) the point of a ‘svínfylking’. rann,n. largehouse (margterþatí karls húsi, er eigi er í konungs ranni).

rann-sak, n. ransacking.

rann-saka (að),v. toransack,search (sakabœ,herbergi,hirzlur);-sakaliðit, to musterthetroops; -sakan, -sókn,f. ransacking (for stolen goods).

rapta-bulungr, m. pile of rafters. raptr (-s, -ar),v.(1) log (Þórirþreif einnraptóreldinum);(2)esp.pl. the rafters of a roof. ras,n. impetuosity,hurry (þegareigier of mikit ras á þér).

rati, m. the name of Odin’s gimlet. rauða,f.(1) yolkofanegg;(2) red colour; (3) blood. rauða-blátstr,m. smeltingofrediron ore (raudi).

rauða-galinn,pp. stark-mad; -víkingr, m. great pirate. rauð-álfr,m. redelf; -bleikr,a. reddish-yellow; -brúnaðr,pp., -brúnn,a. reddish-brown; -dropóttr,a. red-spotted,speckledwithred; -dýri,n. reddeer; -eygðr, -eygr,a. red-eyed; -feldr,m. redcloak,anickname; -flekkóttr,a. flecked(spotted)withred; -freknóttr, a. red-freckled; -gulr,a. reddish-yellow; -hárr, a., -hæðr, a. red-haired. rauði,m. bogironore;blásarauða, to smelt iron ore. rauðkápu-maðr,m. themaninthered cloak (þeir heilsuðu -manni).

rauð-kembingr,m. afabulouswhale;

rasa (að),v.(1) torushonheadlong (sliksermérván,þúfórtrasandimjök); r.fyrirráðfram, toblundergrievously;(2) to stumble (hestr rasaði undir honum). raska (að),v.(1) todisturb,disarrange (þóttihenniheldrraskatumhýbýlisín); (2) toviolate,encroachupon (hannhegndi hart allt þat er guðs rétti var raskat). raskóttr, a. rough (of weather). rass,m.posteriors,=ars; -görn,f.í the great gut; -ragr, a. sodomitic. rata (að),v.(1) totravel,roam;r.viða, totravelfar (vitserþörf,þeimervíða ratar);fig.,r.íe-t, tofallinto (misfortune);ekhefiratatívandræðimíkit, I havefallenintoagreatstrait;(2) tomeet wilhfind,withacc.(laxaskuluvérveiða, efvérrötumeigisauðina); tofindtheway (okratarhannharðlastórafjallvegu);(3) tocollapise,falldown (grjótbjörggnata, en gífr rata).

-kinni, -kinnr,m.akindof bear; -klæddr,pp. cladinred; -leitr, ruddy (oftheface); -lita (að),v. todyered; -litr, a. reddish. rauðr,a. red;jarlsettiþárauðan(= varðr.)semblóð, theearlturnedredas blood;snýtarauðu, tobleedatthenose;r. víkingr = rauðavíkingr.

rauð-skeggjaðr, a. red-bearded. rauf (pl. -ar),f. hole,rent;Flosihugði athandklæðinu,okvarþatraufareinar, it was all in rags. raufa (að),v.(1) tobreakup,open (r.til bagga);r.seyði, tobreakupthe(cooking) fire;r.brjóste-m, tocutthebreastopen; (2) topierce,makeholesin (skeytumraufaðr).

raufa (að),v. torob,plunder (Vindr lögðust á valinn ok raufuðu).

raufari, m. robber. raufar-steinn,m. astonewithahole in it (r. var bundinn við hálsinn). rauföttr, a. riddled with holes. raukn,n.pl. beastsofburthen; steeds (r. bitluð).

raumr, m. big and ugly þerson. raumska (að), v. to begin to wake. raun,f.(1) trial,test (S.konungrsagði, atbannvildiatvísu,atmálitfœritilraunar);(2) trial,grief (efþúvissir,hvemíklar.ekhefiafþessu);(3) trialofcourage, strait,danger (efvérkomumínökkura r.,sjáumþá,efekstendatbakiöðrum); (4) experience;atminnir., tomyexperience;r.verðráe-u, itisprovedbyexperience (hannvarbinnmestifullhugi, semopthöfðurauniráorðit);r.berrvitni, itturnsout,proves (eibarr.svávitni, athannhefðiundanskotizt);berrr.á =r.berrvitni(sagðiþeimsváhugrum, semsiðarrbarr.á);koma(komast)at

raunumum, toascertain,makesureof,get toknow (núemekatraunumkominum þat,ermikhefirlengigrunat);(5) proof (þúmantsjálfrgefaþérr.,hverrþúert); (6) reality;gen.‘raunar’asadv. really,indeed (B.vildigørasættviðKnútkonung, en þar bjuggu raunar svik undir). raunar-laust,adv. withoutproofor trial; -stefna,f. asummonstotryapoint oflaw; -stund,f., -tími,m. timeoftrial. raun-digr,a. verythick; -drjúgr,a. solid; -illr,a.very bad; -litt,adv. very littleindeed,verypoorly; -mjök,adv. very much; -tregr,a. veryunwilling; -vel, adv. verywellindeed; -œfr,a. veryvehement; -øruggr,a. quitesteadfast or reliable.

raup, n. boasting, vaunting. raus, n. much talk, verbiage. rausa (að), v. to talk loud and fast. rausn,f. magnificence,splendour,great state (konungr hafði mikla r. um jólin). rausn,f. forecastle (aptrfrástafninum á til austrrúms var kallat á r.).

rausnar-bú,n. greatestate; -kona,f. magnificentlady; -liga,adv. magnificently; -maðr,m. magnificentman; -ráð,n. greatmeans; -samliga,adv. grandly, magnificently; -samligr,a. grand,magnificent; -verk, n. great deed. rausn-samr, a. magnificent. raust (pl. -ir),f. voice (fagrarraustir syngjandimanna);kveðaviðr., torecite or sing loudly; renna raustum, to sing. rauta (að), v. to roar. rá (gen. rár, pl. rár), f. sail-yard. rá, f. roe (cf. ‘rábukkr’).

rá,f.(1) corner,nook (ráerhyrning húss);(2) berthinaship (skammar‘ro skips rár).

rá-bukkr, m. roe-buck.

ráð,n.(1) counsel,advice;H.baðhann r.áleggja, H.askedhisadvice;leggjaettilráðsmeðe-m, toadviseone;bera r.sínsaman, toconsulttogether;hafar. e-s, tofollowone’sadvice (þáværihann vitr,efhannhefðiyðurráð);farafram ráðume-s, toactuponone’sadvice (skaltu mínumráðumframfara);eigar.viðen, totakecounselwithone (áttijarlþár. viðmennsína);gørar.fyrire-u, toexpect,lookoutforathing;leitaráðaviðen, toseekcounselfromone (leitarjarlráða viðlendamenn);gefaráðtil, togiveone acounsel (hanngafþatrráðtil,at);(2) expedient,means (hitta,kunnar.tile-s); sjámunekr.tilþess, Icanseehelpfor that;(3) resolvedaction,plan;gørar.sitt, toformaplan;gørae-tatráði, toresolve (varþettaatráðigørt);takatilráðs,til ráða, toadoptaplan (hvatskuluvitnú tilráðataka);(4) wisecounsel,whatisadvisable;Illugikvaðþatekkir., Isaidit wasnotadvisable;veratilráðs,tilráða, tobeadvisable;hvaternútilráða, what isnowtobedone? verðaatráði, tosucceed,toturnoutwell (varðalltatráði,þat erhannréðmönnum);(5) consent,will, wish,agreement (varsúgjöfgörmeðráði konungs);atráðifrændahernnar, with theconsentofherkinsmen;(6) authority, command (vöruöllr.afhonumtekin); berae-nráðum, tooverruleone;koma ráðiviðe-n, tobeabletocontrol (ekkem trauttráðiviðhann);(7) stateoflife,condition,lot (vildaekbróðir,atþúbœttirr. þittokbœðirþérkonu);heimskaltufara okunavelviðr.þitt, andbecontentwith thylot;breyttuþaufaðirhansokmóðir ráðisínuokfóruútan, theybrokeuptheir householdandleftIceland;(8) marriage, match (unnfrændaþínumgóðsráðs);ek

réðráðihennarfyrri, Ichoseahusband forherbefore;(9) councillor (annatvárt hitœztaráð);(10) council (konungrinn ok hans ráð).

ráða (ræð; réð, réðum; ráðinn),v. (1) toadvise,counsel,r.e-me-t(réðuvinir hanshonumþat,athannberðisteigivið þik);r.e-mráð, togiveonecounsel;(2) toconsultabout,discuss,withdat.(r.landráðum);r.ráðumsínum, toholdaconference;(3) todevise,plan;þeirráðaatför viðGunnar, thevplananonslaughtonG.; réðhónþeimbana, sheplottedthatman’s death;(4) toplotorcauseone’sdeath,=r. e-mbana(þæratluðu,atkonungrmundi hafaráðithann);Reginnmikréð, R.betrayedme;(5) toagreeon;réðuþeirþat þámeðsér, theysettledthisamongthemselves;(6) tofix,decide,resolve,withacc.; ekhefiáðrráðitbrúðlaupmitt, Ihave fixedmyweddingday;réðuþeirþáþatat faraofantilRangár, thenthey resolved to ridedowntoRangriver;r.e-ttilstaðar, tosettle,fixdefinitively,=staðráðae-t(vil ekfinnakonungáðrenekráðaþettatil staðar);(7) tohire,takeintoservice (r. skipverja,r.sérhjón);bóndisagðihúsfreyju,athannhafðiHrappráðitmeð sér, thathehadtakenH.intohiscompany; (8) torule,govern,withdat.(r.landi,ríki; EinarrjarlráðþáOrkneyjum);(9) torule, command,haveone’sway,prevail,decide, settle (skalhónsjálfr.hvárthónvillhann eðaeigi);skalr.aflmeðþeim, themajorityshalldecide;Ólafrbaðmóðursína. einar., tosettlethematteralone;landfall ræðrfyrirsunnan, makestheboundarytowardsthesouth;withdat.,hvártræðrþú því,er, isityourdoingthat..?;r.engu, to havenoauthority,beofnoavail (orðheill þínskalengur.);r.landamerkjum, to

maketheboundary (Hafslœkrréðþarlandamerkjum);r.búisínu, toconduct,manageone’sestate;hannréðsérsjálfr, hewas independent;ertunökkursráðandihér, haveyouanyauthorityhere? (10) tohave, possess,bemasterof,enjoy;r.féokfjörvi, toenjoywealthandlife;(11) toexplain, read;r.gátu, toreadariddle;r.draum, tointerpretadream;r.e-tatlíkindum, tojudgefromprobabilities (engarmunu fríðarienþínardœtr,efatlíkindumskal r.);(12) toreadandunderstand (r.rúnar, stafi,rit);réðekþærrúnar,erreistþín systir, Ihavereadtherunesthysisterengraved;(13) topunish,chastise,withdat. (fóstrihansvarharðrviðhannokréð honummjök);(14) toundertake;ráða stórt, toaimhigh,undertakegreat things; (15)periphrasticallywithaninfin., todo; ráðumkganga, we(I)dogo;hónréðvakna(=hónvaknaði), sheawoke;þaulög, erhannréðuppatsegja, thelawswhich hepronounced;(16)withpreps.,r.e-taf, toresolve,makeupone’smind (réðhann þatafatsiglasúðrtilDanmerkr); todiscontinue,putastopto (ekhygg,atÞóroddrætlinúatafr.hingatkvámurþínar); todoawaywith (þúverðrnúþettavandræðiafatr.);r.e-nafe-u, tomakeone leaveoff (afhefirþúmikráðitbrekvísi viðþik);r.e-uaf(e-u), togetoff;Þ.bað menntakaforkaokr.afskipinu, toget theshipoff,setherafloat;r.e-naf=r.e-n aflífi,afdögum, toputoutoftheway,put todeath (hannkvaztmunduafr.illmenni þessi);r.ate-m, toattack (njósnarmenn hlupuuppokréðuatþeim);r.áe-t, toset aboutathing (þeirréðuáíshöggit);r.áen, toattackone (þorðualdriúvinirhans áhannatr.);r.bót(bœtr)áe-u, toremedy,makegood (þóttustmenneigikun-

nabœtráþessur.);r.eptire-m, topursueone;r.e-nfráe-u, todepriveoneof, excludeonefrom (r.e-nfrálandi,ríki);r. fyrire-u, tocommand,haveauthorityover, bemasterof (r.fyrirskipi,hofi,fé,eldi); r.íe-t, toguessat,findout (Gormrkonungrréðekkiíþetta);r.móti,ímótiem, toattackone (ímótiKáraréðMörðr); r.e-nofan, tooverthrow;r.óre-u, tofind anexpedient,solveadifficulty (ernúvant óratr.);r.tile-s, torushinupon,attack (hannreiddiuppøxinaokréðtilÞórvarðs); totaketo(setabout)athing,try, makeanattempt;S.komfótumundirsik, okréðtilíannatsinn, andtriedagainthe secondtime;okernútilatr.,efþérvilit, nowisthetimeforaction,ifyouarewilling;skalr.tilárinnareðaeigi, shallwe trytopasstheriverornot?;r.tilorrostu, togotobattle;r.tiluppgöngu, tomake anascent;r.tilferðar, tostartonajourney;r.skipitilhlunns, todrawashipon toland;r.ume-t, todisposeof (megum véreigir.umhennargjaforð); todeliberateon (konungrgafjarliorlofatr.um þettaviðmennsina);r.umatgørae-t, tobeabouttodoathing (hanntókum strenginnokréðumatfarauppískipit);r.umviðe-n, toputanendto,finish off (varAlfrþákominnokætlaðiskjótt umatr.viðFinnboga);r.e-t or e-uundan e-m,todepriveoneof (hónvildieigigiptast,þvíathónvildieigir.féundandóttursinni);r.e-tundire-n, toput inthechargeof (þáréðuþeirgoðorðsitt undirRafn);r.e-tupp, toreadup (þessisömubréfléterkibiskupuppr.íDanmörku);r.viðe-n, tobeabletomasterone (muntunúeinnviðmikr.);r.e-tviðsik, tomakeupone’smind;r.yfire-u, torule, govern;(17)refl.,ráðast, toberesolved,

settled (eigimunþettar.þessusinni); to turnout;réðstmikitmann-fall, therewas agreatslaughter;r.athjóni, tohireoneselfout,enterservice (réðsthannþáþar athjóni);r.á, tocometoblows (svákom, atþeirráðastá);r.frá, toleave;r.íe-t, toenter,undertake;r.íhernað, togoon warfare;hannréðstíflokkmeðþeim, he joinedhimselftotheircompany;r.íbraut, togoaway;r.órhernaði, giveup,leaveoff freebooting;r.tile-s, toremovetoone (bið Unaseljajörðsínaokr.hingattilmín);r. tilferðarmeðe-m, toundertakeajourney withone;r.tilskipsmeðe-m, tosailwith one;réðsttilallgiptusamliga, itturnedout veryhappily;r.umviðe-n, toconsultwith one (Pálnatókiréðstumviðfélagasína); velhefirórráðizt, thingshaveturnedout well.

ráða-bið,n. shortstay (Asatókvið Þórðiá-bið); -bót,n. betteringofone’s condition; -breytni,f. changeinone’slife orcondition; -brot,n.pl. plans; -fátt, a.n. lackingcounsel,atone’swit’sends (þeimvarðekki-fátt); -gørð,f. plan,design (töluðuþeirleyniliga-gørðsína); hafa áhyggjur ok -gørðir, to make plans. ráðagørða-maðr,m. amanofmany devices (mikill, lít ill, -maðr).

ráða-hagr,m.(1) stateoflife,condition (eyðistféfyrirþeim,okgørist-hagrinnúhœgr); wayoflife (núvilekbreyta ráðahagokkrum);(2) marriage (þérmun kostr-hagsviðSigríðisysturmína); -kona,f. housekeeper; -kostr,m.=-hagr; -lauss,a. shiftless,helpless; -leitan, f. askinginmarriage; -maðr,m.(1) influentialman (Birgirvarhinnþriðimestr -maðrílandinu);(2) manager,steward (hann varhúskarlÞórisokráðamaðrfyrir búi hans).

ráða-rúm,n.=ráðrúm; -skortr,m. lackofshiftsorexpedients; -skot,n. resources; -stoð,f. helpwithcounsels; -stofnan, -ætlan,f. plan,project,design.

ráðbanna-maðr, m. = ráðbani. ráð-bani,m. contriverofaperson’s death; -drjúgr,a. fullofdevices; -fár, a. shiftless,helpless; -fréttast,v.refl. to consult (afe-m,viðe-n); -fýsi,f. instigation, exhortation. ráðgast (að), v. refl. to take counsel. ráð-girni,f. ambition; -gjafi,m. counsellor; -gjarn,a. ambitious,imperious; -hagr,m.=ráðahagr; -hollr,a. giving faithful (good) advice. ráðigr, a. = ráðugr. ráðinn,pp.(1) resolved,determined (r. tile-s,íe-u);(2) certain (þathyggekatr. sé úfriðrinn); (3) clever (vitr maðr ok r.). ráð-krókr,m. shift,contrivance; -kœnn,a. shrewd,shifty; -lausliga,adv. foolishly; -lauss,a. shiftless,havinglost one’shead; -leggja (see leggja),v. to giveadvice,advise (e-me-t); -leitinn, a. shifty,shrewd; -leitni,f. sagacity; -leysi,n. shiftlessness,confusion,foolishness; -liga,adv. cleverly; -ligr,a. advisable; -maðr, m. counsellor. ráðning,f.(1) interpretation;(2) chastisement, rebuke. ráð-ríkr,a. imperious; -rúm,n. respitefortakingcounsel; -samr,a.= -ríkr; -semi, f. sagacity. ráðs-kona,f. housekeeper; -maðr,m. (1) managerofanestate,steward;(2) influential man, leader. ráð-snild,f. sagacity; -snjallr,a. wiseincounsel,sagacious; -snotr, -spakr,a.=-snjallr; -speki,f. wisdom; -spella (að), v. to violate.

ráðstafa-lauss,a. unprovidedfor, homeless.

ráð-stafi,m. home,shelter;hann kvaðstséthafa-stafafyrirhonum, hehad provided for him; -svinnr, a. = -snjallr.

ráðugr, a. sagacious, shrewd. ráðu-ligr,a.=ráðligr; -nautr,m. counsellor; -neyti,n. bodyofcousellors; council.

ráð-valdr,m. ruler; -vandr,a. honest,upright; -vendi,f. probity,honesty; -þægr,a. opentoadvice,pliable (ráðþægir sínum ráðgjöfum).

ráf, ráfr, n. roof, = rjáfr, ræfr. rámr, a. hoarse (háss ok r.).

rán,n.(1) anyunlawfulseizureorholdingofproperty;(2) robbery,plundering; (3) plunder, booty. rán,f. goddessofthesea (R.ernefnd konaÆgis);Ránardœtr, thesea-nymphs; the waves of the sea. rán-fengi,n., -fengr,m. booty,plunder (-fengr Þjaza jötuns).

ráns-fé,n. proceedsofplunder; -fengr,m.=ránfengr; -flokkr,m. band ofhighwaymen; -hönd,f. robbinghand (stela með ránshendi).

rán-skapr, m. rapine. ráns-maðr, m. robber. rás,f.(1) race,running (eksettahestinn ár.);taka(hafa,hefja)ár., totaketoone’s heels,runoff (tókEgillþegarárásfrá bœnum);(2) course,channel (umleyniligarjarðarinnarrásir);(3) company,host (allar rásir heilagra manna).

rás-fimr,a. fleet (ofahorse); -hallr, a. steeply sloping. refði, n. staff, cudgel. refill (dat. refli,pl. reflar),m. tapestry, hangings. refil-stigr, m. mysterious path.

refjur, f. pl. cheats, tricks. refju-samr,a. tricky (hannvarrefjusamr í fjárreiðum). ref-keila, f. she-fox, vixen. refla (að), v. to make enquiry. reforma-sótt, f. ringworm disease. ref-ormr, m. ringworm. refr (-s, -ar), m. fox. refsa (að,or -ta, -tr),v. topunish, withdat.oftheperson(r.e-m);withacc. of the thing (r. níðingsverk).

refsan, f., refsing, f. punishment. refsingar-dómr,m. sentenceofpunishment; -laust,adv. withoutpunishment,unpunished; -leysi,n. remissness inpunishing; -maðr,m. punisher; -sverð,n., -vöndr,m. sword,wandof punishment. refsinga-samr,a. giventopunishing (mönnum þótti hann harðr ok r.).

refsi-þing,n.akindof criminalcourt (in old Sweden).

regi,f. cowardice; -ligr,a. obscene (lig kvæði); -maðr, m. coward. regin (gen. ragna),n.pl. theruling powers, the gods, = rögn. regin-dómr,m. themightydoom,the lastjudgement; -grjót,n. theholystones, altars; -kunnigr, -kunnr,a. sprung fromthegods; -nagl,m. sacrednail (ina temple-pillar).

regla,f.(1) rule;(2) ruleofareligious order; (3) bar (of gold). reglu-bróðir,m. friar,brother(ofareligiousorder); -hald,n. conventlife,discipline;gangaundir-hald, toenteranorder; -ligr,a. belongingtoconventlife; -staðr, m. monastery. regn, n. rain (r. hafði verit mikit).

regna (-di, -t), v. to rain, = rigna. regn-bogi,m. rainbow; -él,n. rain-

shower; -ligr,a. rainy,likelytorain; -samr,a. rainy; -skúr,f. showerofrain; -vatn, n. rain-water.

reið (pl. -ar),f.(1) ride,riding (var honumþáfenginnhestrtilreiðar);vera einnír., toridealone;þeirvórubeztir hestaratr., theywerethebestofridinghorses;varþáoksénr.þeirra, theywere seenriding;(2) vehicle,carriage,chariot (Þórrár.þá,erhannekr,enhafrarnir dragareiðna);(3) clapofthunder (því næst flugu eldingar ok reiðar).

reiða (-dda, -ddr),v.(1) tocaryon horseback;hverrreiddiyðryfir Markarfljót, whoputyouacrossM.?;(2) r.e-tum(of)öxl, tocarryathing(poised) onone’sshoulder (heinnhafðihannfyrir vápnokreiddioföxl);(3) tomakeone rock,shake,push (reiðithanaafbaki,svá athúnfalliílœkinnofan);(4) totoss, ofwindandwaves(bátinnundirhonum reiddivindrokstraumrnorðrmeðlandi);impers. tobetossedabout (reiddiþá ymsavega);tókþáatr.samanskipin, the shipsbegantodriveagainstoneanother;eureiðire-nvegaf, itends(turnsout)ina certainway (vóruþámargirhræddirum, hversuafmundir.);(5) tocarryabout, spreadabroad (kannvera,atþeirmenn reiðiorðmínúvitrligfyriralþýðu);(6) tobrandish,swing,raiseintheair (hann greipøxinaokreiddiupp);(7) toweighin abalance (r.silfr,fé);(8) topay (r.féaf hendi, r. verð fyrir e-t).

reiða,f.(1) attendance,service (vistok öllr.);vinnae-mreiðu, toserve,attend; (2) accomodation (áþeimskógivarsvá hörðreiðanþeirra,atekkivarateta,nemabörkafviði);(3)veratilreiðu, to bereadyathand (tilreiðueryðrhér vetrvist);konungrlétþatþegartilreiðu,

thekinggrantedthatatonce;(4)henda reiðuráe-u, tonotice,heed (jarlspurði, hverthannfœriþaðan;þeirkváðusteigi reiður hafa á hent).

reiða-lauss, a. without rigging. reiðar-duna, -þruma,f. clapofthunder (eldingar ok -þrumur).

reiðast (dd),v.refl. tobecomewroth, getangry,e-u, atathing (konungrreiddist Þórr jötninum).

reið-fara, -fari,a.,verðavel-fara, to haveagoodvoyage (urðuþeirvel-faraok tókuÞrándheim); -gata,f. riding-way, bridle-path; -góðr,a. goodforriding (of a horse); -hestr, m. riding-horse. reiði,m.(1) tackle,rigging (allrvarr. vandaðrmjökmeðskipunu);(2) harness of a horse, riding-gear. reiði,n.=reiði,m.(knörrmeðráok reiði; hestr með öllu reiði).

reiði,f. wrath,anger;r.hleypr(rennr) áe-n, onegetsangry;r.rennre-m or af e-m, one ’sangerpassesoff;biðjaafsérr. e-s, to ask one’s pardon. reiði-bola, f. fit of anger. reiði-duna, f. thunder, = reiðarduna. reiði-hugr,m. wrath,anger; -liga, adv. angrily,frowningly; -ligr,a. angrylooking,frowning; -mál,n. angrylanguage (varþatmeirr-málensannyrði); -mæli, n. = -mál.

reiðing,f.(1) uproar,wildconfusion; (2) spreading (of a report).

reiðingr, m. harness, riding-gear. reiðinn,a. pronetoanger,hot-tempered (kappsamr mjök ok r.).

reiði-raust,f. angryvoice; -sproti, m. rodofanger; -svipr,m. angrylook, frown; -verk,n. adeeddoneinanger; -þokki, m. = -svipr.

reiði-þruma, f. clap of thunder.

reið-klæði, n. pl. riding-clothes.

reið-lyndi,n. irascibility; -lyndr,a. prone to anger, hot-tempered. reiðr,a. passableonhorseback,ridable (var þar reitt at fjörum).

reiðskjóta-maðr, m. groom. reið-skjóti, -skjótr, m. riding-horse. reiðsla, f. = reizla.

reiðu-búinn,pp. ready,prepared; -liga, adv. readily, promptly. reiðu-liga,adv. angrily,withanangry frown; -ligr,a. angry-looking,frowning, scowling.

reiðu-peningr,m. ready,money; -stóll, m. easy chair (?).

reifa (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) toenrich,present with (hringumrauðumreifðihónhúskarla);(2) tomention,disclose (r.enganhlut eðrkvittuíkonungshöll);(3)r.mál, to sumupacase;(4) toendorresultin (r.illu);þatmuneigigóður., thatwillbearno good.

reifa-barn,n. aninfantinswaddling bands; -lindi,m. swaddlingbeltorgirdle. reifar, f. pl. swaddling bands. reifing, f. summing-up of a case. reifr, a. glad, cheerful (r. við e-n).

reigjast (ð),v.refl. tobridleup,to showstiffnessordispleasure (hónreiðist við honum).

reik, f. the parting of the hair. reik,n.(1) strolling,wandering; wavering (þarvarhelztr.áráðinu,hvártek mundaafráða);(2) condition;veravel(illa)tilreika, tobeinagood(bad)condition;fagrligaklæddrokveltilreika, finely clad and in good trim. reika (að),v.(1) tostroll,walk (Þrándr reikaðieptirfjörunni);(2)r.áfótum,á fótunum, tototteronone’slegs;(3) towaver (ok reikaði hans hugr mjök).

reikan, f. strolling about, wandering. reikanar-maðr,m. landlouper; -samr, a. wavering (e-m er -samt).

reikana (að),v. toreckon,count,calculate;refl.,reiknast, tobereckoned (Þorlákrreiknastmilliþeirrabiskupa,er); to holdmutualreckoning;reiknuðustþeirþá viðumfrændsemi, theyreckoneduptheir relationship.

reikningr, m. reckoning, account. reikuðr,m.onlyinphr.fœrae-ní reikuð, to handle roughly. reim (pl. -ar), f. lash, thong. reima (að),v.,r.af, tomakethehauntingleaveoff (munafreimastmeirren eina nótt).

reim-leikr,m. hauntings (brátteptir þetta gerðust -leikar miklir).

reimt,a.n. haunted;þarerr., theplace is haunted by ghosts. rein, f. strip of land (cf. ‘akr-rein’).

reini, m. stone horse, stallion. reip,n. rope (hannsleitísundrreipin); reipareiði, rigging,tackling.(Seealso ‘rammr’.)

reipa (að),v. tofastenwitharope;var reipattréitáskipinu, themastwasrigged; refl.,reipastviðe-t, toundertake (efþúr. við at fara).

reisa (-ta, -tr),v.(1) toraise (léthann r.viðunaokdragaseglit);r.e-nupp, to raiseup;r.e-nuppafdauða, toraiseup fromthedead;r.upplög, torestorethe laws;(2) toraise,erect,build,ofships andhouses(r.bœ,kirkju,hof,skip);r. upphús, torestoreofrebuildhouses;(3) to raise,start,begin;r.úfrið, tomakearising;r.ferð, tostartonajourney;r.bú or búnað, to set up house. reista (-sta, -str), v. to bend (rare). reisting, f. bending, twisting.

reisuligr,a. stately,imposing (Þ.gørir þar reisuligan bœ).

reita (-tta, -ttr),v.(1) toexcite,irritate (r.e-n);(2)refl.,reitistáe-t or áum e-t, itcomestoathing;munábardagar., therewillbeafight;reitistafume-t, it fallsoff,drops (þáreitistekkiafumtalit við hann).

reiting, f. irritation, offence.

reitr (pl. -ar and -ir),m.(1) aspace markedout (þrírreitarfetsbreiðir);(2) square onachessboard(reitirá taflborði).

reizla,f.(1) weighing;(2) meansof weighing, steel-yard. rek,n.pl. prosecution (kváðustætla,at hér mundu mikil r. at gör).

reka (rek; rak, rákum; rekinn),v. (1) todrive (r.hesta,fé,svín,naut);r.aptr, todriveback;r.aptrkaupsín, torecall, cryofffromone’sbargains;r.af(ór)landi, todriveoutoftheland,driveintoexile;r.afhöndum,r.burt, todriveaway;r. flótta, topursueaflyinghost;(2) tocompel (segir,hvernauðsynhannrekrtil);þér vegitvígþau,eryðrrekrlítittil, yeslay menforsmallcause;(3) toperform,do;r. hernað, towagewar;r.erendi, todoan errand;(4) tothrust,pushviolently (hann rakhannniðrmikitfall);r.aptrhurð, to flingthedoorto;r.hendre-sábakaptr, totieone’shandsbehindtheback;(5)variousphrases,r.auguskygnuráe-t, tocast one ’seyesupon,seebychance;sválangt, athannmáttihvergiaugayfirr., sofar thathecouldnotreachitwithhiseyes;r. minnitile-s, torecollect;r.upphljóð, to setupacry,utterascream;(6)r.nagla, hæl, todriveanail,peg;(7)impers., tobe drifted,tossed (skipitrakinnásundit);enrekrundan, oneescapes (baðþáeigilá-

taGrettiundanr.);ofatempest,þárak áfyrirþeimhríð, astormroseuponthem; (8)withgen., topursue,takevengeance for (efþérrekiteigiþessaréttar,þámunu þérengraskammar.);(9)refl.,rekast, tobetossed,wander (ekhefirekiztútiá skógumíallanvetr);r.landaámilli, to gofromonecountrytoanother;r.áe-m, tointrudeoneselfupon;r.eptire-m, toaccommodateoneselftoaperson;r.undan, toescape (efKjartanskalnúundanr.); rekast(vrekast)atvirði, toquarrelovera meal. reka, f. shovel, spade. rekald, n. a thing drifted ashore. reka-maðr,m. ownerofshore-drift; -strönd,f. ‘drift-strand’,wherewhales ortreesaredrivenashore; -tré,n. drifttree; -viðr, m. drift-timber. rekendi, n. pl., rekendr, f. pl. chain. rek-hvalr, m. a whale drifted ashore. reki,m.(1) athingdriftedashore (hverr maðrárekafyrirlandisínu);(2) prosecution (ofasuitformanslaughter,etc.); gøramikinnrekaate-u, tofollowup,prosecute with energy. rekingr, m. outcast, wretch. rekinn,pp. mounted,inlaid (Snorrigaf Auðgisli øxi rekna).

rekja (rek, rakta, rakiðr or raktr),v.(1) tospreadout,unwind,unfold, =r.ísundr(hónraktimotrinnokleitá umhríð);refl.,rekjast, tounwinditself (enþráðrinnraktistaftvinnahnoðanu); láthendrþínarrekjastniðrfyrirþik, let theyarmshangstraightdown;rekjastór svefni, tostartfromsleep;(2) totrack, trace (þeirrekjasporsemhundar);r. kyn,ættir, totraceapedigree;r.fram, to expound (baðhannframr.guðslög);r. minni til, to remember.

rekkja (gen.pl. rekkna),f. bed;fara írekkju, togotobed;leggjastírekkju, to taketoone’sbed;rísaórrekkju, toarise, get up.

rekkja (-ta, -t),v.(1) tosleepinabed; r.hjáe-m, tosleepwithanother;(2) to make a a bed (r. undir sér).

rekkju-búnaðr,m. bed-furniture; -félagi,m. bed-fellow; -gólf,n. bedcloset; -illr,a. unrulyinbed; -klæði,n. pl. bed-clothes; -kona,f. chamber-maid; -maðr,m. apersoninbed; -refill,m. bed-curtain; -skraut,n. bed-ornaments; -stokkr,m. edgeofabed; -sveinn,m. chamber-boy; -tjald,n. bed-curtain; -vaðmál, n. woollen bed-cover.

rekkr (-s, -ar), m. man, warrior. rekningr,m.(1) outcast;(2) vagrancy (bera meyna á rekning).

rek-saumr,m. ‘driving-nails’,opp.to ‘hnoðsaumr’.

rekstr (gen. -rar),m. driving,chasing; trouble, annoyance.

rek-tré, n. drift-tree, drift-timber. rembast (d),v.refl. topuffoneselfup, behave proudly. rembi-liga,adv. haughtily,inaproud or conceited manner. rembu-maðr, m. puffed-up fellow. remja (að), v. to roar (of a lion).

remma, f. bitterness, acridity. remma (-da, -dr), v. to strengthen. rén,n.=rénan(varþánökkutr.áhans sótt); réna (að),v. todwindle,decrease, subside (orrostan rénaði).

rénan, f. decrease, diminution. rendr, a. edged (skjöldr járni rendr). rendr, a. brimmed (skjöldr járni r.).

rengi,n. theeatablefibroussubstance fromtheplaitedundersurfaceofthe rorqual.

rengja (-da, -dr),v.(1) todistort;(2) to reject, set aside. renna (renn; rann, runnum; runninn),v.(1) torun (rakkarþarrenna);r. íköppviðe-n, torunaracewith;hóná þannhest,errennrloptoklög, thatruns throughtheairandoverthesea;r.e-m hvarf, torunoutofone’ssight;(2) torun away,flee (rennrþúnúÚlfrhinnragi);r. undane-m, torunawayfromone (ekget þess,atþúvilireigir.undanþeim);(3) to run,flow (rennrþaðanlítilllœkr);(4) to melt,dissolve (okhafðirunnitmálmrinn íeldsganginum);reiðirennre-m, anger leavesone;(5) toarise (=r.upp);sólrennr, thesunrises;dagrrennr, itdawns;(6) withpreps.,r.afe-m, toleaveone,pass awayfromone (reiðirannafhonum);r. áe-n, tocomeoverone;svefn,svefnhöfgi rennráe-n, onefallsasleep;reiðirennrá e-n, onegetsangry;þárannábyrr, then afairwindarose;r.eptire-m, torunafterone (þávarrunniteptirþeim,erflóttannráku);r.fráe-m, torunawayfrom, leaveone;r.íe-t, toruninto;e-mrennrískap, oneismuch(deeply)affected (er eigitrútt,atmérhafieigiískaprunnit sonardauðinn);r.saman, tohealup (þá varsamanrunninnleggrinn);r.undir, toassist,givesupport (margarstoðirrunnuundir,bæðifrændrokvinir);r.upp, tooriginate (varþessván,atillrávöxtr mundiuppr.afillrirót);ofthesunor daylight, torise;sól(dagr)rennrupp(cf. 5);(7)recipr.,rennastat(á), toattackone another, begin a fight. renna (-da, -dr),v.(1) tomake(let) run,withdat.(keyrðihannhestinnsporumokrenndihonumat);(2) toputto flight (þeirrennduþeimtíu,erundan kómust);(3) toprevent,thwart (eigimá

sköpunumr.);errenntþeimráðahag, thatmatchisthwarted;(4) toslip,let loose;r.veiðarfœri, toletthefishing-line runout;Tjörvirenndifyrirhanntörgu, T.flungatargetinhisway;impers.,atgeirinumrenndigegnumskjöldinn, the halberdwasrunthroughtheshield;r.e-u niðr, toswallow;r.grunumáe-t, tosuspect;(5)r.augum, todirecttheeyes,to look (r.ástaraugumtile-s);(6) topour (vargullirenntískurðina);(7)withacc., r.mjólk, torunmillk,bypouringoutthe thinmilk;r.órtunnu, tolettheliquidout fromacask;(8)withacc. toturn (r.tré, spánu);(9)absol. tomovequickly,slide, glide (konungsskipinrennduatþeim);þá renndihringrinnafhendimér, thering slippedoffmyhand;(10)refl.,rennastaugumtil, tolooktooneanother;þárenndustskipinhjá, theshipspassedbyone another. renna,f. run,course;oknúerskírðr allrDanaherríþessirennu, inonerun,at one sweep. renni-drif,n. snowraisedbythewind, driftingsnow; -kví,f. foldintowhichsheep are driven, trap. rennsl,n.orf.,íeinurennsli,íeinni rennsl, in one run, at one time. rennsla, f. course, water-course.

repta (-pta, -ptr), v. to roof. repta (-pta, -pt),v. tobringupwind, to belch; r. aptr, = dríta.

rétt,f.(1) publicfold (þatvarum haustit,ersauðirvóruír.reknir);(2) esp.pl. thegeneralsheep-gatheringinautumn (þanndagskuluveraréttirí Þórarinsdal).

rétt,adv.(1) just,exactly,precisely;(2) straight (þeirstefndur.áþá);(3) rightly, correctly (lýsa e-u r.).

rétta (-tta, -ttr),v.(1) tomake straight,straighten,opp.to‘beygja,kreppa’(r.krók,r.ásérfingrna);(2) tostretch out,stretch (r. or r.framhöndina);r.ete-m, toreach,handover,athingtoone (hannréttisjóðinnatSigmundi);(3) to raise,right acapsizedboat(hvelfdiskipinu,endvergarnirréttuskipsitt);(4) torise (hannréttiekkiórrekkju);(5) to putright,adjust;r.hlutae-s, toredress; knoungrvildieigir.þettamál, theking refusedjustice;(6) tolettheshipdrift,= leggjaírétt(varðþáathlaðaseglumok r.);(7)withpreps.,r.fram, tostretchout; r.e-tupp, toraise (Þórrréttiupphöndina);r.við, tocometooneself,recover (Narfiréttirviðórrotinu);(8)refl.,réttast, tobeputstraight;réttustfingrnir, thefingersbecamestraight; tostretchoneself (r.gørðiraumrinnstirðr);r.upp, to rise (Hákon jarl réttist upp).

retta-menn,m.pl. themenassembled at a ‘rétt’.

rettar-bót,f.(1) betteringofone’scondition (yðrvarheititfriðiok-bót,ennú hafiðþéránauðokþrælkun);(2) amendment of the law.

réttari, m. justiciary, justice. réttar-maðr, m. = réttari.

rétt-borinn,pp. legitimate;-borinn tilríkis, alawfulheirtothethrone; -dœmi,n. justiceinjudgement; -dœmr,a. justinjudgement; -fundinn,pp. duly found; -hafi,a. inlawfulpossessionof (at e-u); -hárr, -hærðr,a. straight-haired, opp. to ‘hrokkin-hárr’.

rétti,n. stretching;rifjar., rib-stretching.

rétti-liga,adv.=réttliga; -ligr,a. just, right (mélefni rettiligri).

réttindi, n. pl. right, justice.

rétting,f.(1) settingright,amendment;vilekeigar.allraorðaminna, I claimtherighttoamendallmywords;(2) redress (varð þessa engi r. af Önundi).

rétt-kominn,pp. havingproperright (-kominntilríkis); -kosinn,pp. duly chosen; -kristinn,a. trulychristian,orthodox; -lauss,a. voidofright; -látr,a. righteous,just; -leiðis,adv.(1) straight forward (fara-leiðis);(2) ontherightpath (snúasér-leiðisoktrúaásannanguð); -leiki,m. straightness; -leitr,a. having regularfeatures; -liga,adv. justly,duly; -ligr,a. just,due,proper; -læti,n. righteousness,justice; -mæli,n. right,justice; -nefjaðr,a. straight-nosed; -orðliga, adv. truthfully; -orðr, a. truthful. réttr,a.(1) straight (r.semlaukr);(2) erect,upright (Óttarstóðr.okbrásérekkivið);(3) right,just (teljaþatrangt,er rétter);hafaréttatmæla, toberight,in the right; at réttu, með réttu, rightly. réttr (-ar, -ir),m.(1) right,law;lands r., thelawoftheland;kristinnr.,guðs r., ecclesiasticallaw;(2) right,due,claim; konungsr., theking’sdue (atkonungr minnkinökkutafsínumrétti);(3) condition;hanngørðiharðanréttlandsmanna, hetyrannizedoverthem;(4) dish (hinn fyrstaréttbáruinnþessirlendirmenn); (5) driftingbeforethewind;liggjaírétt, toliedrifting;leggjaírétt, tosetaship’s coursefordrifting;(6) storm,heavysea (fenguþeirréttmikinn;skipitvarlektok þoldi illa réttinn).

rétt-snúning,f. conversion(toChristianity); -streymr,a. ‘right-streamed’; hafavel-streymt, tohavethecurrentfully withone; -sýni,n.(1) straightdirection; (2) seeingright,insight; -sýnis,adv. in astraightdirection; -sýnn,a. fair,just

(góðirmennok-sýnir); -sœlis,adv. with thesun,opp.to‘rangsœlis’; -tekinn, pp. dulyaccepted; -trúaðr,a. orthodox; -vaxinn,pp. uprightofgrowth; -vísi,f. righteousness,justice; -vísliga,adv. justly; -víss,a. righteous,just; -yrði,f. truthfulness.

reyðar-hvalr, m. rorqual. reyðr (gen. -ar,dat.andacc. -i,pl. -ar), f. rorqual, finner-whale. reyfa (-ða, -ðr), v. to rob. reyfari, m. pirate, robber. reyfl, n. sheep’s fleece. reygjast (ð), v. refl. = reigjast. reyk-beri,m. chimney; -blindr,a. blind from smoke. rekelsi, n. incense. reyk-fastr,a. fullofsmoke; -háfr,m. chimney-pot. reykja (-ta, -tr), tosmoke,emit smoke; to suffocate with smoke. reykjar-daunn, -þefr,m. smellof smoke (um síðir kenna þeir -þef).

reyk-lauss, a. smokeless. reykr (-jar, -ir), m. smoke, steam. reyna (-da, -dr),v.(1) totry,prove (lengiskalmanninnr.);hannlétGunnar r.ymsaríþróttirviðmennsína, helet G.essaydiversfeatsagainsthismen;ef viðÞorsteinnskulumr.meðokkr, if ThorsteinandIshallmaketrialofeachother;r.eptire-u, tosearch,pry,inquireinto (hannreyndieptirmörgumhlutum); r.til, tomaketrial (Bróðirreynditilmeð forneskju,hversugangamundiorrostan);(2) toexperience (reynthefiek brattara);hefiekþikreyntatgóðum drengi, Ihaveproved(found)theetobe agoodfellow;r.e-tafe-m, tomeetwith (hannhafðireyntafBöðvarivináttumikla);(3)refl.,reynast, toturnout,proveto

be (reyndistGunnlaugrhinnhraustasti);

þatmunþósíðarr., butthiswillbeputto theproofbyandby;alsowithdat.,efmér reynistÞórólfrjamnvelmannaðr, ifIfind Thorolf as well accomplished. reynd,f. experience;eruþeirúlíkir þeimsýnum,enmikluúlíkarireyndum, theyareunliketheminappearance,but muchmoresoinreality;gen.reyndar,as adv. indeed, in fact, really.

reyni-lundr, m. rowan-grove. reynir (gen. -is), m. rowan-tree. reyni-runnr,m. rowan-tree; -viðr, m. rowan-wood; -vöndr,m. wandfroma rowan-tree.

reyra (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) towindround (örinvarreyrðgulli);(2) totie,fasten (hannvarbundinnathöndumokfótum ok reyrðr sterkliga við einn ás).

reyra (-ða, -ðr),v. toburyinacairn (reyrr).

reyr-bönd,n.pl. thewire bywhichthe arrow-headwasboundtotheshaft(skot stóðu uppi á -böndum).

reyrr (-ar, dat. -i) m. reed. reyrr, m. heap of stones, cairn. reyr-skógr,m. reed-bed; -sproti, -teinn,m. ‘reed-wand’,cane; -vaxinn, pp. grownwithreed; -vöndr,m.=-sproti; -þakinn, pp. thatched with reed. reysta (-sta, -str),v. toliftupthe voice; to resound; to sing (r. kvæði).

reyta (-tta, -ttr),v. topluck,pick (S. hleypráhúsuppokreytirgras);r.sik, to tear one’s hair.

riða (að),v. totremble,moveunsteadily (riðuðu augu).

riða, f. shivering fever, ague. riddara-búnaðr,m. ahorseman’soutfitorattire; -dómr,m. knighthood; -herr,m. cavalry; -íþrótt,f. chivalry; -lið,n.=-herr; -ligr,a. chivalrous; -skapr,m. knighthood,chivalry; -sveinn, m. an knight’s page. riddari,m.(1) rider,horseman;(2) knight; also in chess.

riðlast (að),v.refl.(1) tobreakrank, fallintodisorder (riðlaðistfylkinginok losnaðiöll);riðluðustþáförunautarhans fráhonum, hisfollowersslunkaway;(2) tocluster;meðriðluðumvínviðumafvínberjumokallskynsaldini, vinesclustered with grapes and all kinds of fruit.

riðr, m. shock, shaking. riðull (dat. riðli,pl. riðlar),m.(1) asmalldetachmentofmen (konungrhafði riðuleinnmannahjáþeirraher);(2) cluster (of flowers or fruit).

riðu-sjúkr,a. sickofague; -sótt,f. shivering fever, ague.

rið-vaxinn,pp. square-built (lágrá vöxt ok mjök -vaxinn).

rið-völr,m. ashortroundstick,meshpin.

rif (gen.pl. rifja),n.(1) rib (hljópþá sverðiðásíðunaokímillirifjanna);(2) fig. cause,reason (þáskildihannafhverjum rifjum vera myndi).

rif,n. reef inthesea(útíhólmannlá eitt rif mjótt ok langt).

rif, n. reef in a sail (sigla við eitt r.).

rif,n.(1) tearingasunder;(2) plundering (með ráni ok rifi).

ribbalda-skapr, m. ribaldry. ribbaldi, m. ribald, savage. ribbungr (-s, -ar), m. = ribbaldi. rið,n.(1) awindingstaircase,steps;(2) sway,swing;okverðrsvámikitr.at, and itcomestosuchapitch,that;(3) weight, importance,moment (munuþarstœrrir.í vera).

rifa, f. rent, rift, chink, fissure.

rifa (að),v. tosewuploosely (Styrrvar rifaðr í hóð).

rif-blautr,a. lean-ribbed (ofahorse); -hrís, n. brush-wood, faggots.

rifja (að),v.(1) toturnover (r.hey);(2) toexpound,explain,gointo (mikilskynsemi er at r. vandliga þat).

rifna (að),v. toberent,tosplit (seglin rifnuðu);r.aptr or upp, toopenupagain (of wounds).

rifr (gen. rifjar), m. warp-beam. rifs, n. plunder (fara með rán ok r.).

rifsa (að), v. to plunder. riga (að),v. toliftheavilyorwithdifficulty,withdat.(fenguþeirhvergirigat honum).

rigna (-di, -dr),v. torainupon,wet withrain (varhannmeðengumótirigndr eðavátr);impers.,rignir, itrains;with dat.,þarmeðrigndiáþáblóðivellanda, it also rained boiling blood on them. riklingr, m. dried strips of halibut. rim (pl. -ar), f. rail (in a paling).

rima-naust,n. aboat-shedmadeof rails (-naust, er ferja var í).

rimi, m. elevated strip of land. rimma, f. tumult, fray. rindill (dat. rindli,pl. rindlar),m. wren (as a nickname).

rinna, v. = renna (rann).

rippa (að),v.,r.e-tupp, toripup,go into, a matter.

ript, f. linen, linen clothes.

ripta (-pta, -ptr),v.(1) tomakevoid, invalidate (r.kaup);(2) toregain,recover, anestate(Kolskeggrætlarmálframat hafa ok r. fjórðung í Móeiðar-hváli).

ripti,n. linen =ript(hanaSigurðr sveipr í ripti).

ripting,f. withdrawal,makingvoid (of a bargain).

risa-barn,n. giant-child; -fólk,n. giant-folk; -kyn,n. gian-kind; -ligr,a. gigantic,giant-like (-ligthjarta); -vöxtr, giant’s size. risi, m. giant (risar ok troll). ris-mál,n.pl. thehourforrising,about 6o’clocka.m.;millirismálaokdagmála, about 7.30 a. m. risna, f. hospitality, munificence. risnu-maðr, n. hospitable man. rispa (að), v. to scratch. rispa, f. a slight scratch. rist (pl. ristr),f. theinstepofthefoot (fœtrnir ok ristrnar).

rista (-sta, -str), v. to cut, = rísta. rista, f. scratch, slash. ristar-bein,n. instep-bone; -liðr,m. ankle-joint. ristill,m.(1) ploughshare;(2)poet. gentlewoman (r.ersúkona,ersköruglynd er).

ristu-bragð, n. a runic character. risu-ligr,a. lofty,stately (-ligrbœr); -ligr vexti, of imposing stature. rit,n.(1) writing;einndagerhannsat atriti, whenhesatwriting;(2) writ,writing, letter (gøra r.).

rita (að), v. to write, = ríta. rita-gørð,f. letter-writing,correspondence. Cf. ‘bréfa-gørð’.

ritan-ligr, a. that can be written. ritari,m. writer,transcriber,secretary (prestr er var ritari hans).

rit-fœri,n.pl. writing-materials; -klefi, m. writing-closet. ritning (pl. -ar), f. writing, writ. rit-sending,f. letter-sending; -stofa, f. writing-room, study. ríða (ríð; reið, riðum; riðinn),v. (1) toride,goonhorseback (þeirbrœðr riðutilalþingis);withdat.oftheanimal

(r.hesti,vargi);ofghosts,r.húsum, skála, to‘ride’ontheridgeofahouse;with acc.oftheroadortheplace;r.leiðsína,vegsinn, toridethroughbrushandforest;r.eyrendi, torideonanerrand;(2) tobreakin,train (þatvarsiðvenjaþeirraatr.hesta,temjabæðiviðgangokvið hlaup);(3) tomovethroughtheair;øxin reiðathonum, theaxecamathim;reiðat honumbrúnássinn, downonhimcamethe wall-plate;eruppreiðgálga-tréit, when thegallows-treewasraised;(4) toreel, stagger (hannreiðáymsarhliðar);(5)r. upp, torise (þeirfengutekithannvið klif,eruppríðrórfjörunni);(6)miklu (litlu)ríðrume-t, itisofgreat(small)importance;eigiþarfnúmeiravið,atfullu num þetta r., this will be quite enough. ríða (ríð; reið, riðum; riðinn),v. (1) totwist,knit,wind;r.knút, toknita knot;r.net, toworkanet;r.knappáet, tofinish,windathingup;veraviðe-t riðinn, tobeconcernedin,havetodowith (verðrhannlíttviðsögunariðinn);(2) to rub,smear (r.blóðiáe-n or e-nblóði); ríðaí, torubinto (r.kolumokleiriíandlit sér);(3)fig.,withdat., tothrash,flog;r. e-mumkinn, tobuffetone;(4) towring, press (mjólk sú, er riðin er ór seljubörk). ríðari, m. = riddari.

rífa (ríf; reif, rifum; rifinn),v.(1) torive,tear (þeirlétudýrokhrafnar. hræin);r.klæðiafsér, totearoffone’s clothes;r.aptr, toripup (Þ.vildiataptr væririfitsárit);r.ofan,r.niðr, topull down;r.ísundr, totearasunder;(2)impers. to be rent, give way (reif seglit).

rífka (að),v. tomend,improve;er nauðsynatr.ráðfyrirdótturþinni, to mend her state.

ríf-ligr, a. good, fine, desirable.

rífr,a. good,acceptable (ígullioksilfri eðr í rífum aurum).

rík-borinn,pp. high-born; -dómliga, adv. magnificently; -dómr,m.(1) power, might,magnificence;(2) wealth,riches; -dœmi, n. = -dómr.

ríki,n.(1) power,might (ekhefihafit þiktilríkisaflitlummanni);veitae-m r., tograntonepower;(2) rule,dominion (lagðistlandalltundirr.Haraldskonungs);(3) kingdom (fórkonungrheimí r. sitt).

ríki-látr, a. imperious, lordly. ríkja (-ta, -t),v. toreign (hannríkti fjögur ár ok tuttugu).

rík-látr,a. proud; -leikr,m. power, authority; -lundaðr,a. imperious,severe; -lyndi,n. imperiousness,severity; -lyndr,a.=-lundaðr; -mannliga,adv. magnificently; -mannligr,a. magnificent,stately; -menni,n. themighty,the nobility. ríkr,a.(1) mighty,powerful (r.höfðingi);r.okauðigr, powerfulandwealthy; ríkri(=ríkari)ráðsagði, thestrongerhad hisway;(2)ofthings, strong (varþarríkt varðhald);gangaríkt, toprevail (látþúeigiþáfæðsváríktganga,at);leggjaríkt við, tolayaheavypenaltyon;(3) magnificent (konungrgørðimannboðríkt);(4) rich, wealthy (r. at fé).

ríku-liga,adv.(1) magnificently,=ríkmannliga;(2) strictly (hannhélt-liga guðslög); -ligr,a. magnificent (-ligveizla); -ligr maðr, a fine man.

rím, n. computation, esp. calendar. rím, n. rhyme, rhymed song. ríma, f. rhyming lay, ballad. rím-kœnn,a. skilledincalendarcomputation; -tal, n. calendar. rísa (rís; reis, risum; risinn),v.(1)

torise,getup (árskalr.sáerannarsvill féeðafjörhafa);r.órrekkju,fráborði, torisefromthedead;(2) tocomeintoexistence,arise (vitaþóttisthann,afhverjum rótumþettahafðirisit);(3)withpreps. andadvs.,mikitorðríssáe-u, itismuch spokenof;r.ímótie-u, toriseagainst; r.upp, torise,getup (hónreisekkiupp fyrirmiðjandag); torisefromthedead (dauðirrísaupp);r.uppfyrire-m, to yield,giveup,one’splacetoanother;r.við e-m, to rise against, withstand. rísta (ríst; reist, ristum; ristinn),v.(1) tocut,slash (Otkellrekr sporannviðeyraGunnariokrístrmikla ristu);r.e-tísundr, tocutinttwo (Þ.reist ísundrlínbróksína);(2) tocutopen (hón reistámérkviðinn);(3) tocut,carve, grave onsomething(r.rúnarákefli, horni);(4) tocarve,formbycarving (Hrafnláíbekkokreistspán,þvíathann var hagr).

ríta (rít; reit, ritum; ritinn),v.(1) toscratch,cut;(2) towrite (bókinvaröll ritin gullstöfum).

rjá (rjáða, rjáðr),v. tovex,worry,= hrjá (erum vér reknir ok rjáðir).

rjá, f. harassing, worrying. rjáfr, n. roof, = ráf, ráfr, ræfr. rjóða (rýð; rauð, ruðum; roðinn), v. toredden (r.egg,sverð,vápn);r.í blóði, tosmearwithblood;ofthesun(um morgunin, sem sól rýðr fjöll).

rjóðr, a. red, ruddy (r. í andliti).

rjóðr,n. openspaceinaforest,clearing (skógr rjóðrum höggvinn).

rjúfa (rýf; rauf, rufum; rofinn),v. (1) tobreakaholein,break (hljópuþeir þáuppáhúsinoktókuatr.);r.undir, to makewounds;r.samnaðinn, tobreakup thegathering;(2)fig. tobreak,violate (r.

sáttmál,sætt,eiða,trygðir);(3)impers., rýfrþokuna, thefogclearsaway;rýfr(or rýfrí)veðrit,rýfruppveðr, theweather clears, it clears up. rjúka (rýk; rauk, rukum; rokinn), v.(1) toreek,emitsmokeorsteam (hvat rýkrádiskinumfyrirþér?);impers.,rýkr afe-m, reekrisesfromone (ambáttinreri íburtalsveittafmœði,okraukafhenni); (2) tobedriven,drifted likesmoke(mjöll, sjórrýkr);(3)fig. tofly,goflying;sverðið raukórhendihonum, theswordflewout of his hand. rjúpa (gen.pl. rjúpna),f. ptarmigan (sem valr flygi eptir rjúpu).

rjúp-keri, m. cock-ptarmigan. roð, n. fish skin (rífa fisk ór roði).

roð,n. reddening,makingorbecoming red (cf. hlunn-, sólar-roð).

roða (að),v.impers. toemitared gleam (þáerroðaðiafskjöldunum);roðar fyrirupprennandisólu, theskyisreddened by the rising sun. roða (að), v. to huddle together. roði,m. redness,ruddiness (r.íkinnum,íandliti);laustroðaáhimininn, the sky reddened.

roðinn,pp.from‘rjóða’, reddened, smeared with blood, bleeding.

roðna (að), v. to redden, become red. rof,n.(1) breach,opening (varþarmikitr.ífylkingunni);(2)alawterm, retractation, reversal (of judgement).

rofna (að),v.(1) tobreakup,giveway (þáerr.tókfylkingin);(2) tofallthrough, becomeinvalid (ofabargain,judgement, fine).

roftorfs-veggr, m. a wall of sods. rokinn,pp.(of‘rjúka’), cooledoff (var lítt rokin stofan).

rokkr (-s, -ar),m. distaff (satþar

kona, sveigði rokk).

rolla, f. roll, scroll. ropi, m. belch, eructation. rosi, m. rain and storm.

roskin-leikr,m. ripeness,perfection; -mannligr,a. lookinglikeagrown-up man (mikill maðr ok -mannligr).

roskinn,a. ripe,mature,full-grown (var hón svá mikil sem maðr r.).

rosknaðr, pp. grown-up, adult. rosknast (að),v.refl. tobecome ‘roskinn’, growuptomanhood (enerÞ. jarl rosknaðist).

rosm-hvalr, m. walrus. rostungr (-s, -ar), m. walrus. rot,n. insensibility (fromablow);slá e-nír., tostun,rendersenselessbyablow; liggja í roti, to lie stunned. rota,f. heavyrain (þanndagvarár. mikil; bæði hregg ok r.).

rotinn, a. rotten (var þá líkaminn r.).

rotna (að),v. torot;ofhair, tofalloff (var af rotnað hár ok skegg).

ró,f. rest,calm,tranquility;gefaró reiði, togiveresttoone’swrath;író, at rest,inpeace;megasérhvergiróeiga ílandi, tofeelrestless,feelnorestanywhere;bíðaró, tobeeasy,atrest (Gunnhildrlétþatseiða,atEgillskyldi aldri ró bíða á Íslandi).

ró (pl. rœr),f. smallclinch-plate,burr (on which a nail is clinched).

róa (rœ; reri, reyri, røri; róinn), v.(1) torow,pull;hannrœrútíBjarneyjar, herowsouttotheBearisles;with theboatindat.(reruþeirskipinuuppí ána);(2) torowouttosea,gofishing,= r.út(þennamorginbjóstÞ.ásjóatr.); erhannkomþar,vóruallirmennrónir nemaÞ., allthemenhadrowedoutfishingexceptTh.;(3) torockoneselfback-

wardsandforwards;(4)recipr.,róastat, topullsoastoencounteroneanother,of two ships in battle.

róða, f. rood, crucifix. róði,m.poet. wind,tempest;láta(leggja)e-nfyrirróða, tocasttothewinds,forsake one. róðr (gen. róðrar),m. rowing,pulling (hafa búnar árar til róðrar).

róðra, f. blood, esp. of sacrifice. róðrar-,gen.from‘róðr’; -ferja,f. row-boat; -hanzki,m. rowing-glove; -leiði,n. rowing-wind;taka-leiði, totake torowing; -skip,n., -skúta,f. shipwith oars.

róðr-göltr, m. a kind of war-ram. róðu-kross, m. crucifix. rófa, f. the vertebral part of a tail. róg,n.(1) slander,calumny (sögðuþat munduverar.illramanna);berae-nír. viðe-n, toslander(calumniate)onetoa person (sámaðrvarborinnír.viðMagnúskonung);(2) strife,quarrel;verðaematrógi, tobethecauseofdiscord;leiða e-n nær rógi, to lead into feud. róg-apaldr,m. warrior (poet.); -berari, -beri,m. slanderer,back-biter; -girni,f. dispositiontoslander; -málmr, m. gold (poet.); -mæli,n. calumny,slander; -samr,a. slanderous; -semi,f.= -girni.

rógs-maðr, m. slanderer. róg-þorn, n. sword (poet.). rói, m. rest, repose, pause. ró-lauss,a. restless (-lausterfiði); -ligr,a. calm,quiet; -lífi,n. lifeofease; -lyndr, a. calm of mind. róm, n. róma, f. Rome. róma, f. poet. battle. róma (að),v. togiveassenttobyshouting,approveof (þettaráðvaraföllumvel

rómat).

róma-borg,f. thecityofRome; -ríki, n. theRomanempire; -vegr,m. theroad leading to Rome. róm-ferð,f. journey(pilgrimage)to Rome (hannbjósttilRómferðar); -ferill, m. a pilgrimage to Rome. rómr,m.(1) voice (Gizurrvarblíðmæltrokmikillrómrinn);talameðlitlumrómi, tospeakinalowvoice;(2) applause; gøragóðan(mikinn)rómate-u, toapplaud.

róm-verjar, m. pl. the Romans. róm-verskr, a. Roman. rór (ró, rótt), a. calm, composed. rós (pl. -ir), f. rose. rósta, f. brawl, riot, tumult. róstu-maðr,m. rioter; -mikill,a. riotous, unruly; -samligr, a. unruly. rót (pl. rœtr),f.(1) root (varþessván, atillrávöxtrmundikomaafillrir.);(2) fig. cause,origin (verae-sr. or r.undireu).

rót,f. theinnerpartoftheroofofa house, where stores are hung up. rót, n. commotion, stir. róta (að),v. tostir,throwintodisorder, withdat.;þeirrótuðuumkolltaflinu, theyupsetthechessboard;þárótarkarl samanfénu, hesweepsthemoneyintoone heap.

róta-klumba, -kylfa, f. club. rótar-tré, n. a tree with the root. rót-fastr,a. rooted,fixed; -festa (-sta, -str),v. toroot;refl.,-festast, to takeroot; -lauss, rootless,withoutroots; -mikill,a. havingalargeroot; -setja,v. to root, plant.

ruð, n. a clearing in a wood. rudda, f. a coarse kind of club. ruddu-vetr, m. a severe winter.

ruðning,f. challenging (ofneighbours or judges).

ruðningar-mál,n.pl. theformulaofa challenge.

ruðu-lítill,a.eigi-lítill, makingno small clearance (in battle).

rugga (að), v. to rock (r. barni). rugl, f. confusion, disturbance. rugla (að), v. to confound, with dat. ruglan, f. confusion, disturbance. run-henda, -hending,f. ametrewith end-rhymes; -hendr,a. composedinthe metre ‘run-henda’.

runi, m. a wild boar. runnr (-s, -ar), m. bush, shrub. runsa (að), v. to plunder, ransack. rupl, n. plunder, booty. rupla (að),v.(1) toplunder (aperson, etc.); (2) to take (a thing) by force. rúfinn, a. rough, uncombed. rúg-akr,m. rye-field; -brauð,n. ryebread; -hleifr, m. rye-loaf. rúgr (gen. -ar), m. rye. rúm,n.(1) room,space (hverginær hafðiþarr.liðþeirra);fárúms, toget space;e-mliggre-tímiklurúmi, itisof greatconcern,importancetoone;(2) place, seat (Egillgekktilrúmsþess,erdóttir jarlsinshafðisetitumdaginn);(3) bed,= rekkja(síðanrannsakaðihannrúmit,er hónhafðihvíltí);(4) ‘ room ’ inaship, oneforeachpairofrowers(mikitskip, þarvórusexrúmoktuttugu);(5) spaceof time;þriggjadagar., aspaceofthreedays. rúm, n. Rome, = Róm. rúma-tal,n. numberof‘rooms’ ina ship (skip þrítugt at -tali). rúma-vegr,m. waytoRome (konungr var á -vegi), = Rómavegr. rúm-boraðr,pp. ‘wide-holed’,coarse (ofasieve); -brugðinn,pp. verylarge

(-brugðinnhverr); -fátt,a.n. lackof room; -heilagr,a. ‘notholy’;-heilagrdagr, weekday; -lendi,n. openland; -lendr,a. roomy,open,extensive; -liga, adv. roomily (íþeirrihöllmáttu-ligasitja fjögurhundruðmanna); -ligr,a. spacious, roomy.

rúmr (rýmri, rýmstr),a.(1) roomy, ample,spacious,broad (gatanvareigi rýmrieneinnmaðrmáttiríðasenn);(2) roomy,loose (fjöturrinnvarr.);neut., rúmt, roomily (skipinlágurúmtíhöfninni).

rúm-snara,f. slip-knot; -stafr,m. bed-post,anickname; -stokkr,m. bedside; -sævi, n. open sea. rúm-verjar,m.pl. theRomans,= Rómverjar.

rúna, f. intimate (female) friend. rúna-kefli,n. runicstick; -mál,n. the runicalphabet; -meistari,m. anexpert in runes. rúnar,f.pl.(1) secret,hiddenlore,wisdom;ofr.heyrðaekdœma, Iheardthem talkofmysteries;jötnar., themysteries ofthegiants;(2) writtencharacters,runes; rístar., toengraverunes (réðekþærr., erreistþínsystir);rístar.ákefli, tocut runesonastick;(3) magicalcharactersor signs (hanntókviðhorninuokreistár. ok reið á blóðinu).

rúna-stafr, m. runic character. rúni, m. intimate friend. ryð,n. rust; -frakka,f., -frakki,m. rusty weapon; -fullr, a. rusty. ryðga (að), v. to become rusty. ryðja (ryð, rudda, ruddr),v.(1) to clear,free(land)fromtrees (r.markir; hannruddilöndíHaukadal);r.götugegnumskóg, toclear,openaroadthrougha forest;(2) toclear,empty;r.búrit, toemp-

tythepantry;r.skip, tounloadaship;r. höfn, tocleartheharbour,leavethehaven; impers.,hvernigskjóttruddisamnaðinn, howtheflockdispersed;(3)asalawterm, tochallenge;r.kvið,dóm, tochallenge neighbours,jurors,outofthe kviðr,dómr; (4)withpreps.,r.e-uáe-t, tothrow,toss upon (þeirrudduviðinumáhurðina);r. e-míbrott, todriveaway,sweepoff;r.sér tilríkis, toclearthewaytoakingdom,obtainitbyconquest;r.tile-s, toclearthe wayforathing,preparefor (okrudduþeir tillikgraptarins);r.e-uupp, totearup (þeirrudduuppjörðuokgrjóti);(5)refl., ryðjastum, toclearone’sway,makegreat havoc.

ryðjandi (pl. -endr), m. challenger. ryðr, m. rust, = ryð. ryðugr, a. rusty, = ryðgaðr.

rygr (gen. rygjar,dat.andacc. rygi; pl. rygjar),f. lady,housewife (rygrheitir sú kona, er ríkust er).

ryk, n. dust. rykkja (-ta, -tr),v.(1) topull,jerk (hannætlaratr.honumframá stokkinn);(2) torun (enerhónsérþat, rykkir hón fast undan).

rykkr, m. pull, tug, wrench, jerk. rymja (rym, rumda, rumit),v. to roar, scream (rymjandi rödd).

rymr,m. roaring,noise;randar., clatter of shields. rysking, f. a rough shaking. ryskja (-ta, -tr),v. toshakeroughly; refl.,ryskjastviðe-n, toscufflewithone (þarmyndiekkiþykkjaviðkollóttanat r.).

rytja, f. a vile, shabby thing. rytningr, m. = rýtingr.

rýja (rý, rúða, rúinn),v. topluckthe wool off sheep (r. gemlinga).

rýma (-da, -dr),v.(1) tomakemore roomy (r.garðsinn);r.varðhaldit, to maketheconfinementlesssevere;r.fyri (viz.öllufólki)veginn, tocleartheway; withdat.,r.áhonumfjötrinum, toloosen hisfetter;(2)r.e-ubrott, todriveaway, sweepoff =ryðjae-ubrott(rýmitbrott þongumharmiafyðrubrjósti);r.tiles, toclear,preparethewayfor =ryðjatil e-s;(3) toclearaway,breakup (þúskalt r.fjalirórgólfinu);(4) toquit,leave;r. land, toleavethecountry,gointoexile;r. e-tfyrire-m, toleave(aplace,seat)thatit maybeoccupiedbyanother (kallarSkapti,atÞ.skyldir.höfninafyrirhonumok leggjaórlæginu);(5) towithdraw,absent oneself (skuluþéralliretahérinni,en ekmunr.);r.fyrire-m, tocede,giveup one’splacetoone (hannrýmdifyrirherraÁsgrími);r.brott, togoaway;(6)refl., rýmast, tobecomeroomy,widen;r.tekr dalrinn, thedalewidens;impers.,rýmist, thereismoreroom (efrýmdistíkirkjunni);rýmdiGrettirþáframágólfit, then G. stepped forth on the floor. rýna (-da, -t),v.(1) totalk,converse (þaurœdduokrýndu);(2)r.eptire-u, to pry into.

rýnendr, m. pl. friends, counsellors. rýrr, a. poor, weak, insignificant. rýta (-tti, -tt),v. togrunt,squeal,of swine (rýtandi ok emjandi).

rýtingr (-s, -ar), m. dirk, dagger.

ræði, n. rule, management.

ræðis-maðr, m. steward, manager. ræfr, n. roof, = rjáfr, ráfr, ráf. ræingi (pl. -jar),m. agood-for-nothing fellow.

ræki-ligr, a. to be rejected. rækindi,n.pl. refuse,uncleanmatter (hann kvazt aldri etit hafa r.).

rækja (-ta, -tr), v. to refuse, reject.

rækr,a. rejected,abhorred,abominable (r. ok rekinn frá guði).

ræna (-ta, -tr),v. torob,plunder,to deprive (one) of (a thing).

ræningi (pl. -jar),m.(1) robber;(2) verar.e-s, toberobbedorplunderedby one (þúmuntviljaverar.Ljótssemmargir aðrir).

ræsa (-ta, -tr),v.(1)r.e-táhendrem, tobringachargeagainstone (eigivar mérþessván,atþúmundirþettar.á hendrmér);(2)impers.,ræsirdraum, a dream proves true, comes to pass.

ræsir, m. chief, king (poet.).

ræsta (-sta, -str),v. toclean,sweep (konurskulur.húsinoktjalda);r. (stífldan)lœk, toclearouta(dammed-up) brook.

ræxn,m. knot (tókhannlíngarnokreið á ræxna, sem net er síðan).

rœða (-dda, -ddr),v.(1) tospeak;r. ume-t, tospeakabout (konungrrœddi fáttumþessitíðendifyrirmönnum);r. viðe-n, tospeak,talkwithone (þárœddi HöskuldrviðHrút);r.e-t, talkabout,discuss (efþúrœðirþettamálfyrirkonungi);(2)refl.,rœðastvið, toconverseabout (hannsagðihennialltþat,erþeirhöfðu við rœðst).

rœða,f. speech,talk (konungrreiddist mjök við rœður þessar).

rœði, n. oar, rudder. rœðir (gen. -is), m. rower. rœgja (-ða, -ðr),v. toslander,defame; r.mennsaman, tosetthembytheearsby slander. rœgsla, f. slander, calumny. rœki-liga,adv. earnestly,carefully; biðjastfyrir-liga, toprayfervently;halda -liga, toobservestrictly; -ligr,a. true,

sincere (-lig iðran).

rœkja (-ta, -tr),v. toreck,heed,take careof;skuluvérr.húðfötvár, letuskeep to our hammocks.

rœkt, f. love, affection.

rœkta (að),v. totakecareof,regard, keep (r. vel trú sína).

rœktar-leysi, n. negligence.

rœma (-da, -dr),v. toapproveof,=róma(allirrœmduvelmálkonungs);r.etlítt, totakeitcoldly (konungrspyrr,ef þeir vildi skírn taka; þeir rœma þat lítt).

rœta (-tta, -ttr),v.(1)r.e-tupp, to rootup (r.uppillgresiórguðsakri);(2) refl.,rœtast, totakeroot,strikeroot,= rótfestast.

röð (gen. raðar,pl. raðar, raðir),f. row, series.

rödd (gen. raddar,pl. raddir),f. voice;meðskjálfandiröddu, withatrembling (faltering) voice.

röðull (-s,dat. röðli),m.(1) glory, halo; (2) sun (poet.).

rögg (gen. röggvar,pl. röggvar),f. tuft, shagginess (of the fur of a cloak).

rögn, n. pl. the gods, = regin. rök,n.pl.(1) reason,ground,origin (nú skalsegja,afhverjumrökumheiðnir mennhéldujól);(2) wonder,marvel;forn r., greatthingsofyore;firrist(imperat.)æ fornr.firar, letbygonesbebygones;stór r., mightythings,greatmarvels;tívar., the lifeanddoingsofthegods;þjóðar., origin, creationofmankind;íaldarr., attheend of the world; ragna r., see ‘ragnarök’. røkkva (røkkr,-, røkkvit),v. to

growdark (hannþorðihvergiatfara,þegarerr.tók);errøkkvitvar, afternightfall.

rökn, n. pl. = raukn.

røkr, røkkr,n. twilight;ragnar., the twilightofthegods,theendoftheworld = ragna rök. røk-samliga,adv. ongoodauthority; -samligr,a. reasonable,just,true; -semd,f. reason,authority; -stólar,m. pl. judgement-seats. rönd (pl. randir, rendr),f.(1) rim, border (röndvarórgulli);(2)poet. shield; leggjarandirsaman, tolayshieldagainst shield;reisar.viðe-m, toraisetheshield againstone,resist,withstand;(3) stripe (dúkr með gulligum röndum).

röndóttr, a. striped, streaked. röng (gen. rangar,pl. rengr),f. rib in a ship.

rösk-leikr,m. briskness,boldness; -liga,adv. gallantly,bravely; -ligr,a. doughty (varhannallramanna-ligastr); -mannliga, adv. bravely.

röskóttr, a. = raskóttr (rare).

röskr (acc. röskvan),a. vigorous, doughty, brave (r. maðr).

röskvast (að),v.refl. toripen,offruit; togrowup,ofman(okerhann röskvaðist, fekk konungr honum skip).

röskvi, f. = röskleikr.

röst (gen. rastar,pl. rastir),f. a strong current in the sea, race. röst (gen. rastar,pl. rastir),f. a distance of four or five miles.

Ssaddr,pp.from‘seðja’,=saðr;veras.á e-u, to have got enough of. saðning, f. satiety, fill. saðr,a. sated,havinggotone’sfill (s.em ek enn þess).

saðr, a. true, = sannr. safali, m. sable-fur, = safalaskinn. safi,m. sapoftrees (börkrafviðiok safi; ber ok safi).

safna, safnaðr, see samna, samnaðr. saga (að),v. tosaw,cutwithasaw (krossinn var sagaðr í sundr).

saga (gen. sögu,pl. sögur),f.(1) what issaid,statement (mávera,atsönnsé s.þín);(2) tale,story,history;segja,ríta sögu, totell,writeastory;hannkemreigi viðþessasögu, heisnotconnectedwith this ‘saga’;veraórsögunni, tobeoutof thestory;veraísögu, tobementionedin astory;svásemsögu, tobementionedin astory;svásemsögurerutil, asthestorygoes;(3) theeventswhichgaveriseto thestory;hannvarþámjökhniginnáefra aldr,ersjásagagørðist, whenthiscame topass;(4) tale,report (eigiveitekum sögur slíkar, hvárt satt er).

saga-tenn, f. pl. saw-teeth. sagna-maðr, -meistari,m. historian; -skemtan,f. story-telling (atpublic meetings, feasts, &c.).

saka-bœtr,f.pl.=sak-bœtr; -dólgr, m. = sökudólgr. sakaðr,pp.(1) scathed,damaged (var eittborðsakatískipiþeirra);(2) guilty (hannerþvímeirrs.enaðrirmenn,at hann vann á jarli dauðum).

saka-fullr,a. guilty; -lauss,a.=saklauss; -laust,adv. withoutprosecution, droppingtheprosecution; -maðr,m. a mandisposedtolitigate;-maðrmikill, a great ligitant. sakar, prep. with gen. = sakir. sakar-aðili,m. thechiefpartyina case; -áberi,m. plaintiff,accuser; -eyrir,m.=sakeyrir; -gipt,f. ‘chargegiving’,charge; -spell,n. mispleading,by whichasuitmaybelost; -staðr,m. groundwhichonehasforsuinganother; offence (gefaupp-staðinn); -sœkjandi,m. prosecutor. sakartöku-váttr,m. awitnesstothe handingoverofasuit; -vætti,n. witness of the handing over of a suit. sakar-vandræði, n. pl. dispute. sak-bitinn,pp. guilty; -bœtr,f.pl. damages,fine (tobepaidtothekinsmen oftheslain); -eyrir,m. fine,penalty esp. afineduetotheking; -ferli,n. lawsuit, action; -gæfinn, -gæfr,a. quarrelsome, contentious. sakir,prep.withgen. onaccountof,for thesakeof,=fyrirsakire-s(s.orðako-

saka (að),v. todoharm,scathe (jarl kvaðþatekkis.mundu);impers.,hvat sematvargört,sakaðihann(acc.)ekki, nomatterwhattheydid,noharmcame tohim;recipr.,atvérskylimsjálfirum sakast, that we should injure one another. saka (að),v. toblame,findfaultwith; s.sikume-t, toblameoneselffor (ekki muntjáats.sikumorðinnhlut);recipr., sakastume-t, toblameoneanotherfor athing;s.sáryrðum, tobandycutting words.

nungs).

sak-lauss,a. notguilty,innocent; -leysi,n.(1)um(or fyrir)-leysi, without dueground,withoutcause (þatmunumargirmæla,ateigihafium-leysiverit); (2) innocence; -maðr,m.=illvirki; -metinn,pp. current,asalegaltender for ‘sakeyrir’.

sakna (að),v. tomiss,feelthelossof (þá saknar hann hringsins).

saknaðr (söknuðr),m. sorrowfora lost thing, feeling of loss. sakni, m. loss.

sak-næmr,a. liabletoacharge,blamable;eiganökkut-næmtviðe-n, tohave aquarrelwithone; -rúnar,f.pl. runesof strife; -sókn,f. action,lawsuit; -sæll,a. luckyinlawsuits; -taka (see taka),v. to convict,=sekja; -tal,n. thelawastothe penalties (sakeyrir) due to the king. sal, n. payment, instalment. sala,f. sale;hafa(eiga)e-ttilsölu, to have on sale, for sale.

sala-kynni, n. pl. homestead, home. sal-drótt, f. household-folk, inmates. salerni, n. privy, = garðhús, háðhús.

sal-garðr,m. wall; -gaukr,m., -gofnir,m.poet. thecock; -hús,n. closet,room; -kona,f. housemaid; -kynni,n. pl. = salakynni.

salr (gen. salar,pl. salir,acc. sali), m. room, hall (skjöldum er s. þakiðr).

salt,n. salt;leggjasökís., toshelvea case. Cf. ‘Eystra-salt’.

salta (að),v. tosalt,pickle (þeirsöltuðu fótinn í hvíta salti).

saltari, m. psalter, psalm-book. salt-brenna,f. salt-burning; -gørð,f. salt-making; -hola,f. salt-pit; -karl,m. salt-burner; -korn,n. grainofsalt; -maðr, m. = -karl.

saltr (sölt, salt), a. salt.

salt-steinn,m. salt-stone,pillarof salt; -sviða, f. = -brenna.

sal-þjóð, f. domestics, = drótt. sama (samdi, samat),v. tobeseem,befit,become;e-tsamirvel,illa, itbefits well,ill (martferrnúannanvegenbezt mundis.);e-msamire-tvel,illa, itbecomesonewell,ill (illasamirþératberjast ímótimér);vileksjá,hvernigþérsami skyrtan, howitfitsthee;s.sérvel, tolook well (Hallgerðrsatápallioksamdisér vel).

sama-góðr, a. fitting, suitable. saman,adv. together,incommon (Engey skulumviðeigabáðirs.);allrs., whole, entire (bœndrurðuhræddirviðþennaatburðallans.);allirs., alltogether;þrír, fjórirs., three,fourtogether;einns., one alone;smáms., bydegrees;köflums., piecemeal;mörgummönnums., in groups;withagen.form,tilsamans= saman.

saman-dráttr,m. gathering; -eign,f. conflict; -lestr,m. collection; -líming, f. conglutination; -lostning,f. collision; -samnaðr,m. gathering; -setning,f. composition; -skrifa (að),v. tocompose, write. sam-band,n. connexion,league; -beit, f. jointpasture; -bjóða (see bjóða),v. to equal,beequalto; -bland,n. mixingtogether,sexualintercourse; -blanda (að), v. toblendtogether,mingle; -blandinn, pp. blended,mixed; -blása (see blása), v. to conspire; -blástr, m. conspiracy. sam-borgari, m. fellow-citizen. samborgar-maðr, m. = samborgari. sam-borinn,pp. bornofthesameparents; -bróðir,m. brother,fellow-member of a society, esp. of friars.

samburðar-öl, n. a joint drinking. sam-búð,f. dewllingtogether,cohabitation; -bygð,f.=-búð; -bæriligr,a. comparable; -dauði,m. deathatthesame time (manykkar-dauðiverða); -dóma,a. indecl. ofonemind;vera-dóma, toagree; -dráttr,m. gathering; -dreginn,pp. linedallover; -drykkja,f. symposium, drinking-party; -dœgris,adv. withinthe sameday; -eiginliga,adv. incommon; -eiginligr, -eiginn,a. common; -eign, f. dealings,conflict,fight; -eldi,n. living together; -erfingi,m. co-heir; -fagna (að),v. torejoicewithanother; -fagnaðr,m. rejoicing; -fallinn,pp. fitted, meet; -fara,a.indecl. travellingtogether; -fast,adv. continuously (róumsíðanfast); -fastr,a. fasttogether,joined,connected; -feðri,a. havingthesamefather (hónvar-feðraviðFlosa); -félag,n. fellowship,company; -félagi,m. co-partner; -felldr,pp.(1) joinedtogether,composed;(2) continuous; -fenginn,pp. whole,entire; -festiliga,adv. jointly; -festing,f. fasteningtogether; -fjórðungs,adv.(1) insuccession,oneafteranother (sjaudaga-fleytt);(2) incompany;fara-fleytt, totraveltogether; -flot,n.(1) sailingtogether (halda-flot viðe-n);(2) afleetsailingtogether; -floti,m.=-flot; -fundr,m. meeting, interview; -fyllilligr,a. complete; -fœrr,a.(1) runningalongwith (skip -fœrtíróðri);(2) agreeing; -för,f.esp. inpl.,-farar,(1) travellingtogether;(2) marriage;mælatil-faraviðkonu tocourt awoman; weddedlife (vóru,gerðust-farar þeirgóðar);(3) intercourse (vinveittar -farar); -gangr,m.(1) goingtogether,intercourse;(2) conflict,fight (verðrharðr -gangráðrFreyrfellr);(3) marriage;gøra

-gangsinn, tomarry; -gengt,a.n.,eiga -gengt, tohaveacommonpasture; -gjarna,adv. equallywillingly; -gleðjast,v. refl.=-fagna; -gróa (see gróa),v. to growfastto; -hald,n. holdingtogether, unity; -haldinn,pp. continuous; -harma (að),v. tohavecompassionon; -harman,f. compassion; -heiti,n. common name; -heldi,n. league,alliance; -henda, -hending,f. ametreinwhichthe rhymingsyllablesareidenticalinform (as ‘virðandigefr virðum’); -héraðs,adv. withinthesamedistrict; -hlaupa,a. leapingtogether; -hlaupast (seehlaupa),v. refl. tojoininariot; -hljóðan,f. consonance,harmony; -hljóðandi,m. consonant; -hringja (-da, -dr),v. topeal withtwoormorebells; -hugi,m. concord, agreement; -hugi,a. ofonemind,agreeing; -hvíla,f. commonbed; -hyggja (see hyggja),v.,-hyggjae-m, tobeofonemind with, agree with. sami,m.(1) reconciliation,= sætt; koma samaámeðþeim,toreconcilethem;(2) honour (tapasamasínum);(3) adue (fásinn sama);þaterekkis.,at, ‘tisnotbeseeming that. sam-jafn,a. equalto; -jafna (að),v. tocompare;refl.,-jafnaste-m, toemulate one; -jafnan,f. comparison (komaísamjafnan við e-n).

samka (að),v. tocollect,gather,with dat. or acc., = samna. sam-keypi,n. bargain; -koma,f.= -kváma; -kristinn,a. afellowChristian; -krœkja (-ta, -tr),v. tohooktogether; fig. toenterintoaquarrel; -kunda,f. feast, banquet. samkundu-hús, n. banquet-hall. sam-kváma,f.(1) meeting,assembly;(2) collision, encounter.

samkvámu-mál,n.(1) discussion,debate; (2) stipulation. sam-kvæði,n. consent,esp.gjalda -kvæðiviðe-u, togiveone’sconsent,to agree (báðirguldu-kvæði,atM.nefndi sérÞ.ívætti); -kvæðr,a. concordant (við e-t); -kvæmd,f. coincidence,congruity; -kvæmiligr,a. congruous; -kynja,a.indecl. ofthesamekind; -kynnis,adv. at thesamehouse (-kynnisviðe-n); -lag,n. (1) fellowship,partnership (binda,gørasitt -lag);(2) community,communion (í-lagi kristinnamanna);(3) sexualintercourse, cohabitation (eiga-lagviðkonu); -laga (að),v. tojoin,unite;refl.,-lagaste-m, tojoinoneselfto; tocohabitatewith; -laga,f. layingofshipstogether,forbattle (blásaskipumtil-lögu); -landi,m. fellow-countryman; -leið,f. thesameway; eiga-leiðviðe-n, tohavethesamewayto go; -lendr,a. livinginthesamecountry (-lendre-m,viðe-n);efþeirværi-lendir, iftheyhappenedtoliveinthesamecountry; -lengd,f.=jafnlengd; -litr,a. of thesamecolour (viðe-t); -líkja (-ta, -t), v. tocompare; -líkr,a. like,resembling oneanother; -lyndi,f. concord; -lyndr, a. ofonemind; -mála,a.indecl. agreeing (verasáttiroksam-mála); -máttugr, -máttuligr,a. sharinginthepower; -mælast (see mæla),v.refl. tofixaninterview;-mælastáe-t, tobeofonemind inamatter,toagreeinathing; -mæli,n. agreement; -mœddr,a. ofthesamemother; -mœðri, a. = -mœddr. samna (að),v. togather,collect,with dat.oracc.(s.mönnum,liði;s.saman mikinnher);refl.,samnast, or s.saman, to gather together, increase. samnaðar-herr,m. agatheredhost; -maðr,m. amanofanassembly; -öl,n.

= samburðar-öl. samnaðr (gen. -ar),m.(1) gathering, host;gørasamnað, togathermen;(2) congregation.

sam-nafni,m. namesake; -nefndr, pp. ofthesamename (e-m); -neyta (-tta, -tt),v. tohaveintercoursewith (neytae-m); -neyti,n. communion,intercourse (kristiligt-neyti); -neyting,f. holding intercourse with. samning, f. agreement, treaty. samningar-maðr, m. peaceable man. samningr,m. reconciliation,agreement (var upp lesinn sá s.).

sam-pínast (d),v.refl. tohavecompassion upon (e-m); -píning, f. compassion. samr (söm, samt),a.(1) thesame;the def.formisusedbothwithandwithout theprecedingart.(inn,in,it);ísama húsi, inthesamehouse;hannvars.í boðumsinum, thesame,unaltered;svá fórsemsamtsé, itturnedoutthesame way;komastísamtlag, togetintothe sameconditionasbefore;withdat., the sameas;komGuðrúneigisíðanísömu rekkjuÓlafi, intothesamebedasOlaf;it sama, thesame,likewise;(2) agreeing,of onemind (hannvars.umyðraferð);(3)í samt, continuously,=samfast(þrjárnætr í samt).

sam-ráða,a.indecl. ofonecounsel, united; -ráðit,pp.n.,hafae-t-ráðit, tobeagreedon; -reið,f. ridingtogether; -reki,m. commonshore-drift; -rekkja (-ta, -t),v. toshareabedwith (e-m or hjá e-m); -riddari,m. fellowknight; -rikja (-ta, -t),v. toruleincommonwith (e-m); -ræði,n.(1) concord,confidence;(2) carnalintercourse (-ræðiviðkonu); -rœður, f.pl. conversation; -saga,a.indecl. agreeing; -sáttr,a. concordant; -setja

(see setja),v.(1) toconnect,join;(2) to compose,ofwriting; -setning,f. composition; -sinni,n.(1) company,fellowship; (2) consent (veitae-m-sinni); -síðis,adv. besides,atone’sside (e-m); -skapa,a.indecl. ofonemind; -skara (að),v. tojoin boards,overlap; -skipa,a.indecl. sailing inthesameship; -skipti,n.pl. intercourse,=viðskipti; -skóla,a.indecl. attendingthesameschool; -skulda,a.indecl. balancing;þater-skulda, itisan even balance. sams-maðr, m. = samningarmaðr. sam-stafa,f. syllable; -stafan,f.= -stafa; -stafligr,a. belongingtoasyllable; -staft,a.n. allofoneburden; -stundis,adv. atthesamemoment; -sumars,adv. inthesamesummer; -svarning,f. conspiracy; -sæti,n.(1) sittingdowntogether;taka-sæti, tosit downatafeast;(2) assembly,entertainment;ísvágóðu-sæti, insuchgoodcompany.

samsætis-drykkja,f. banquet; -menn, m. pl. bench-fellows. samt,adv. together,=saman;allirs., all together;einns., alone;ís., continuously,uninterruptedly (cf.‘samr’);kemrþatá samtmeðþeim,at, theycometoanagreement that.

sam-tak,n. unitedeffort (hafa-takateu); -tal,n. colloquy,interview; -tempra (að),v. tomoderate; -tenging,f. connexion; -tengja (-da, -dr),v. tounite, join; -tíða,a.indecl. contemporary (-tíða e-m); -tíðis,adv. atthesametime; -tímis,adv.=-tíðis; -týnis,adv. adjoining,intheneighbourhoodof (sitja-týnis viðe-n); -veldi,n. jointauthority,rule; -vera,f. livingtogether; -vinna (see vinna),v. toco-operatewithone (e-m);

-virða (-rða, -rðr),v. toestimateequal inworth; -vist,f.(1) livingtogether (stundlig-vist);(2)ofweddedlife, conjugalintercourse (nýttiHrafnlítitaf-vistumviðhana); -vista,f.=-vist; -vista, a.indecl.,vera-vistaviðe-n, tolivewith one; -vistiligr,a. attached; -vit,n.(1) conscience;(2) consciousness; -vitand,f. cognizance; -vitandi,pr.p. cognizantof, privyto; -vizka,f.(1) conscience;(2) mind,intellect (heillat-vizku,krankrí líkama); -vægja (-ða, -t),v.(1) tobeof equalweight,match (e-m);(2) toyieldmutually; -værr,a. livinginpeacetogether; -þingi,a. fromthesamejurisdictionor district.

samþingis-goðar,m.pl. thepriests (goðar) of the same district. sam-þræll,m. fellow-slave; -þykki,n. concord,consent,assent; -þykkiligr,a. consenting; -þykkja (-ta, -tr),v.(1) to consentto,withacc.ordat.;-þykkjameð e-m, toagreewith;(2) toreconcile (-þykkjae-tviðe-t);(3)refl.,-þykkjaste-t, to consentto; -þykkr,a. agreeing,atpeace withone (-þykkre-m or viðe-n); -þykt,f. agreement,consent; -þýðast (see þýða), v. refl. to associate, agree. sand-bakki,m. sand-bank; -bára,f. sand-wave; -brekka,f. sandyslope,sandridge; -fjúk, -fok,n. sand-drift,drifting sand; -haf,n. sand-ocean,desert; -hóll, m. sand-hill; -hverfa,f.akindof flatfish; -koma,f. fallof(volcanic)sand; -korn,n. grainofsand; -leið,f. awayleadingoverastretchofsand; -lægja,f.a kindof whale; -melr,m. sand-bank; -möl, f. gravel. sandr (-s, -ar),m.(1) sand (Auðrvar grafinísand,þarsemflœðrgekkyfir); kastasandiíaugue-m, tothrowdustin

one ’ seyes;(2) thesea-shore (skipkomat sandi);(3)inpl. sandyground,sandbanks, sands.

sand-sumar,a. sand-summer (from volcaniceruptions); -torfa,f. sandy sod; -þúfa, f. sand-knoll.

sanna (að),v.(1) toassert,affirm (sannaðiannarr,enannarrsynjaði);(2) to makegood,prove (s.e-tmeðeiði,með jarteinum);s.e-táe-n,ábendre-m, to proveachargeagainstone (aldrivarþat ámiksannat,atekværifalsari);s.enate-u, toproveoneguilty,convictone, ofsomething;(3)refl.,sannast, toprove true,holdgood,turnout (númunþats., ersagðaekþér);látae-tás., toletitbe provedononeself,toconfess (léthannás., athannmyndieigisjálfrsvámikluorkat hafa).

sanna,f. proof;onlyinpl.‘sönnur’(fá, finna sönnur á sínu máli).

sannaðar-maðr,m.=sannanar-maðr (hann skal hafa -menn tvá).

sannan,f.(1) assertion,confirmation; (2) proof (til sannanar síns máls).

sannanar-maðr,m. onewhovouches foranother’swordoroath; -mark,n. evidence; -orð, n. epithet. sann-fregit, -frétt,pp.n.,hafa -frétt, tohavetrueintelligenceof; -fróðr, a. trulyinformed,wellinformed (-fróðrum e-t,ate-u); -frœðast (dd),v.refl. tobe trulyinformed; -frœði,f. trueinformation; -gjarn,a. fair,equitable; -göfugr, a. trulynoble; -heilagr,a. trulysaintly, undoubtedly a saint. sanninda-maðr,m. atruthfulman; -samliga,adv. truthfully; -sögn,f. true intelligence. sannindi,n.pl.(1) truth,verity (ef hannvillheldrtrúalygiensannindum);

e-termeðsannindum, itistrue (biskup trúði,atþatmundimeðsannindum,er sagtvarfrá);farameðsannindum, totell thetruth;reynastmeðsannindum, to provetrue;meðsannindumatsegja, to tellthetruth;unnae-msannindaumet, togiveonehisdue;(2) evidence,proof (engiönnurs.hafamenntillþess,nema þau);tilsannindae-s,ume-t, asaproof of.

sann-kallaðr,pp. trulycalled; -kenna (-da, -dr),v.(1) tocallathingby itsrightname;(2)-kennae-nate-u, to chargeonerightlywith,convictoneof; -kenning,f. akindofepithet; -kristinn,a. atrueChristian; -leikr, m. truth,verity; -liga,adv. verily,truly; -ligr,a.(1) likelytobetrue,probable; (2) just,fair,fit,proper; -máll, -milugr, a. truthful,veracious; -mæli,n. atrue speech,truth;unnae-m-mælis, togive oneafairreport; -mæltr,pp. speaking thetruth; -nefni,n. appropriatename; -orðr,a. truthful,veracious; -prófa (að), v. to ascertain.

sannr (sónn, satt),a.(1) true (sónn saga);hónsagðiþórsattfráGeirróði,she toldThorthetruthaboutG.;núskalek segjaþéritsanna, nowIwilltelltheethe truth;hafae-tfyrirsatt, tobesure(convinced)of;hafasannara, tobeintheright (skalkonungrumsegja,hvárirsannara hafi);gørae-tsatt, tomakegood,prove (hvernveggørirþúþatsatt);s.semdagr, trueasday,clearasnoonday (=dagsannr); sönnusagðr, justlycharged;meðsönnu, atsönnu, intruth,truly;tilsanns,certainly, forcertain (vitae-ttilsanns);(2) meet,proper (væriþatsannara,atþú værirdrepinn);(3)s.ate-u, convictedof, (proved) guilty of (s. at sökinni).

sannr,m.(1) truth (vitasannáe-u); fœrae-mheimsanninn, totellonethebittertruth;(2) fairness;e-ternærsanni, isfairorreasonable;ástirþeirravóruat góðumsanni, theylovedeachotherfittingly;(3) estimation;bœttae-tviðgóðra mannasann, accordingtotheestimateof good men. sann-ráðinn, pp. verily betrayed. sann-reyndr,pp.(1) dulyproved;(2) -reyndrate-u, convictedof; -saga,f. true tale,truth; -sagðr,pp. trulysaid; -sakaðr,pp. convicted,guilty; -spár,a. prophesyingtrue; -spurt,pp.n.=-fregit; -sýni,f. equity,fairness; -sýnn,a. just, impartial; -sæi,f.=-sýni; -sær,a.= -sýnn; -sögli,f. truthfulness,veracity; -sögull,a. truthful,veracious; -talat, pp.n. trulysaid; -vinr,m. truefriend; -vitaðr,pp. knownforcertain; -vitr,a. trulywise; -vænn,a. nearthetruth,fair; -yrði, n. pl. true words. sauða-dunr,m. flockofsheep (sem vargrí-dun); -ferð,f. searchingfor sheep; -flokkr,m.=-dunr; -hirðir, m. shepherd; -hús,n. sheep-pen,sheepfold; -hvarf,n. disappearanceofsheep; -jarmr,m. bleatingofsheep; -klippari, m. sheep-shearer; -kví,f. sheep-fold; -kvöð,f. taxpaidinsheep; -leit,f. searchingforsheep; -maðr,m. shepherd; -rétt,f. sheep-fold; -skjól,n. shelterfor sheep; -slitr,n. shredsofsheeptornby abeastofprey; -taka,f. sheep-stealing; -tollr,m. taxpaidinsheep; -þjófr,m. sheep-stealer. sauð-fé,n. sheep; -fellir,m. death ofsheep (fromcold); -fénaðr,m.=-fé; -grös,n.pl. cropforsheep; -hús,n. sheep-pen; -lauss, a. sheepless. sauðr (-ar, -ir), m. sheep.

sauð-reki,m. sheep-driver; -vant,a. n., verðr -vant, a sheep is missing. sauma (að),v. tosew (sátuþærþarok saumuðu); tomakebysewing (s.e-m klæði);s.e-tate-u, tosewtightround; kyrtillsváþröngr,semsaumaðrværiat honum, atunicastightasthoughitwere sewn on him.

saum-för,f. arowofnailsinaship’s planking; -lauss,a. withoutnails (aurskúar saumlausir).

saumr (-s, -ar),m.(1) nails,esp.of aship;(2)plur.,saumar, needle-work, sewing (sitja at saumum).

saum-skæri,n.pl. shears,scissors; -stofa, f. sewing-room. saup, n. butter-milk. saur-fullr, a. filthy, dirty. saurga (að),v. todirty,defile,pollute (s. völlinn í blóði).

saurgan, f. pollution, defilement. saurigr (acc. saurgan),a. filthy,dirty (hafa hendr mjök saurgar).

saur-kvísl,f. dung-fork,=-mykikvisl; -lifnaðr,m.=-lífi; -ligr,a. filthy,unclean; -lífi,n. lewdness,fornication,lechery, opp. to ‘hreinlífi’.

saurlífis-kona,f. harlot; -maðr,m. unchasteperson,fornicator; -synd,f. the sin offornication.

saur-lifr,a. lewd,lecherous; -mæli,n. filthy, foullanguage; -pyttr,m. cesspool. saurr,m.(1) mud (atengis.støkkviaf hestumyðrumokákonunginn);(2) dirt, excrements;ausastsauriá, tothrowdirtat one another. saurug-liga,adv. inafoulmanner; -ligr, a. foul, unchaste. saurugr, a. = saurigr. saur-yrði,n.pl. foulwords,filthylanguage; cf. ‘saurmæli’.

sautra (að),v. tosuckthroughtheteeth (s. vatn ór lófum).

sax,n.(1) ashort,one-edgedsword;(2) plur.söx, shears =skæri;(3) thegunwale neartheprow (Gunnarrhleyprþegará saxitáskipVandils);esp.inplur.,söx, theforepartofaship (særféllinnumsöxin).

saxa (að),v. tocutwitha ‘sax’, tochop, hack (s. e-t í sundr).

saxar, m. pl. Saxons, Germans. sax-elfr,f. theriverElbe; -land,n. Germany. sax-knifr, m. dagger, dirk. sax-lenzkr,a., -neskr,a. Saxon,German (saxneskr hertogi).

sáð, n. seed, corn, crop. sáða-hleifr, m. bran loaf. sáðir,f.pl. bran;hleifrþrunginn sáðum, a loaf mixed with bran. sáð-jörð,f. sownland; -korn,n. seedcorn; -land,n. sownland; -plógr,m. ploughing for seed; -tíð, f. sowing season. sáðugr, a. full of bran. sál (pl. -ir), f., sála, f. soul. sálaðr, pp. departed, dead. sálast (að), v. refl. to depart, die. sáld,n.(1) sieve,riddle (rúmborats.); (2) a measure (þriggja sálda öl).

sálma-skáld,n. psalmist,hymn-writer; -söngr, m. hymn-singing. sálmr (-s, -ar), m. psalm, hymn. sálu-bann,n. perditionofthesoul; -bati,m., -bót,f.(1) thesoul’shealth; (2) prosperity,welfare; -búð,f.=-hús; -eldar,m.pl. funeralfires; -félag,n. spiritual communion. sálugr, a. wretched, poor. sálu-háski,m. soul’sdanger,perdition; -hjálp,f. salvation; -hús,n. hospital; -messa,f. massforthedead,requiem; -skaði,m. scathetoone’ssoul,perdition; -tíðir,f.pl.=-messa; -tjón,n.= -skaði; -þarfligr,a. usefulforthesoul; -þurft, -þörf, f. the soul’s need. sám-leitr, sámr, a. swarthy, blackish. sár (sás, sáir), m. large cask. sár, n. wound (liggja í sárum).

sára-far,n. stateornatureofwounds; -fullr,a. fullofsores; -lögr,m. blood; -menn, m. pl. = sárir menn.

sáran, adv. sorely, bitterly (gráta s.).

sár-beittr,a. verykeen; -dropi,m. poet. blood; -eggjaðr,a.=-beittr; -heitr, a. very hot.

sax-oddr, m. the point of a ‘sax’. sá (sú, þat),dem.pron.(1)witha subst. that (sámaðr,súkona);sámaðr, erSótiheitir, that(orthe)manwhois namedS.;withthesuff.art.;súeiner saganeptir,erekþorieigiþératsegja, thatstoryaloneisleftwhichIdarenottell thee;(2) such (varðsáfundrþeirra,at Egillfellditvámenn);vilekokþatvita,hvártnökkurrersáhér,at, whether therebeany(such)manhere,who;(3)precedingtheart.withanadj.;sáinnungi maðr, thatyoungman;hyrnansúinfremri, theupperhornoftheaxe;sometimes leavingouttheart.(sáungimaðr;áþví samaþingi);(4)withoutsubst.,almost asapers.pron.;maðrlaskamtfráhonum,okvarsáeigilítill, andhewasno smallman;þarríðrmaðr,sáhefirskjöld mikinn, hehasalargeshield;withtherelative part.; sá er sæll, er he is lucky, that. sá (sæ or sái, sera or søra,later saða; sáinn,later sáðr),v.(1) tosow, withdat.(sákorni);(2) tosow,stockwith seed,withacc.(flestirbœndrserujarðir sínar);(3)fig. tothrowbroadcast,scatter, with dat. (sá gulli, silfri).

sárindi, n. pl. soreness, pain. sár-keyptr,pp. dear-bought;munyðr verða-keyptviðhannateiga, yewillfind itadearbargaintodealwithhim; -leikr, m. soreness,pain; -liga,adv. sorely, painfully;leikasárliga, tohandleroughly; -ligr, a. painful. sárna (að), v. to become painful. sár-orðr, a. using cutting words. sárr,a.(1) wounded (lítts.,mjöks.,s. tilúlífis);(2) sore,painful (sárarpíslir); sárt,asadv. sorely,painfully (sártbítr soltinlús);sártertuleikinn, thouhast beensorelytreated;mennhöfðusárt(=illa)halditfrændumsínum, theyhadsore lossesamongtheirkinsmen;honumers. matr, it pains him to part with the meat. sárs-auki,m. smart,pain (kenna-auka); -brún, f. edge of a wound. sár-vítr (pl. -vítr), f. poet. valkyrie. sár-yrði, n. pl. cutting words. sát, f. ambush, = fyrirsát. sáta, f. hay-cock, truss of hay. sátt,f. settlement,covenant,agreement, =sætt(eigimunuþeirrjúfaþás.,erek gøri).

sátta-leyfi, -lof,n. alicencetomake an agreement. sáttan, f. agreement, = sátt. sáttar-boð,n. anofferofterms; -dómr,m. courtofarbitration; -eiðr,m. anoathtakenata ‘sátt’; -fundr,m. peace-meeting; -grið,n.pl. truce; -gørð,f. agreement,peace-transactions; -hald,n. thekeepingofanagreement; -maðr,m. peace-maker,umpire; -mark, -merki,n. tokenofpeace; -stefna,f.= -fundr.

sátta-umleitan,f. endeavourstobring aboutpeace,mediation; -vandr,a. particular as to terms.

sátt-band,n. treaty,covenant; -fúss, -gjarn,a. willingtocometoterms,conciliatory; -gjarnliga,adv. inaconciliatory way; -gjarnligr,a. conciliatory,placable; -mál,n.(1) wordsofreconciliation (bera-málmillimanna);(2) agreement, covenant; -máli, m. covenant. sáttmáls-búð,f. thecovenant-booth, Tabernacle; -lög,n.pl. theprescriptions ofthecovenant; -mark,n.=sáttarmark; -örk, f. the ark of the covenant. sáttr,a. reconciled,atpeace;verðas.á (or um)e-t,ate-u, toagreeon;urðuallir áþatsáttir,atengiværihansjafningi, all were agreed that no man was his match. sátt-rof,n. breachofanagreement; -vandr,a.=sáttavandr; -varr,a. careful astothekeepingofanagreement; -vænligr,a. promisinginrespectofanagreement. sé (imperat.from‘sjá’),interj. see!look! (sé nú, seggir).

seðja (seð, sadda, saddr),v. tosatiate,satisfy (s.e-náe-u,afe-u);refl.,seðjastáe-u,afe-u, toeatone’sfillofathing. Cf. ‘saddr’.

sef, n. sedge, rush. sefa (að),v. tosoothe,appease,calm (ef hannfæreigisefathana);refl.,sefast, tobesoothed,appeased,ofanger(gekkaf honum móðrinn ok sefaðist hann).

sefaðr,pp. propitious (dróttinnsé honum jafnan s.). sefi,m.poet.(1) mind,affection (sorgmóðr s.); (2) kinsman. sef-tjörn,f. sedge-tarn; -visk,n. sedge-wisp.

seggr (pl. -ir, gen. -ja), m. poet. man. segi or sigi,m. slice,strip,shred (skera e-t í sega).

segja (segi, sagða, sagðr),v.(1) to

say,tell (segþúmérþat,erekspyrþik); þeirsögðu,atþeirskyldualdriupp gefast, theysaidtheywouldneveryield;s. e-mleið, totelltheway,esp.onthesea, topilot;s.tíðendi, totellnews;impers. itistold (hérsegirfráBirnibunu);sem áðrsagði, aswastoldbefore;segjandaer alltvinsínum, allcanbetoldtoafriend; (2) tosay,declare,inanoath;eksegiþat guði(Æsi), IdeclaretoGod(tothe ‘Áss’); (3)lawphrases;s.sikíþing,lög, todeclareoneselfmemberofacommunity;s. sikórþingi,lögum, todeclareoneselfout of,withdrawfrom,acommunity;s.skilit viðkonu, todeclareoneselfseparated from,divorce,one’swife;s.framsök, to declareone’scase;s.lög, torecitethelaw, ofthe‘lögsögumaðr’;(4) tosignify,mean (þettasegirsvá);(5)withpreps.,s.e-naf e-u, todeclareoneoffathing,takeitfrom him;s.e-táe-n, toimposeon (bœtaat þeimhluta,semlögsegðiáhann); toannounce (s.áreiði,úsáttsína);s.eptirem, totelltalesofone;s.fráe-u, totell,relate;Unnr,ereksagðaþérfrá, U.ofwhom Itoldthee;s.fyrire-u, toprescribe (svá varmeðöllufarit,semhannhafðifyrir sagt);s.fyrirskipi, tobidGod-speedto aship;s.e-tfyrir, topredict,foretell (s. fyrirúorðnahluti);s.e-usundr,ísundr, tobreakup,dissolve (s.sundrfriði, frændsemi,hjúskap);s.tile-s, totell,informof (segithonumekkitil,hvatþér hafitgörtviðhrossit);s.tilnafnssíns,s. tilsín, totell(give)one’sname;s.uppet, topronounce (s.uppdóm,gørð);s.upp lög, toproclaimthelaw (fromthelawhill);s.e-nupp, togiveoneup;s.uppe-u, todeclareatanend (s.uppfriði,griðum); s.uppþjónustuviðe-n, toleaveone’sservice;(6)refl.,segjast, todeclareofone-

self;hannsagðistþávaka, hesaidthat hewasawake;kristnirmennokheiðnir sögðusthvárirórlögumannarra, theydeclaredthemselveseachoutoftheother’s laws;láta(sér)segjast, toletoneselfbe spokento,listentoreason;impers.,e-m segist svá, one’s tale runs so. segjands-saga, f. a hearsay tale. segl,a. sail;draga,vinda(upp)s., to hoistsail;leggja(ofan)s., totakeinsail; hlaða seglum, to furl the sails. segl-bót,f. sail-mending; -búinn,pp. ‘sail-boun’,readytosail; -laun,n.pl. return(payment)forasail; -marr,m.poet. ‘sail-steed’,ship; -rá,f. sail-yard; -reiði, m. sail-rigging; -tœkr,a. fitforsailing (-tœktveðr); -viðr,m. ‘sail-tree’,spar, yard; -vigg, n. poet. = -marr.

seiða (-dda, -ddr),v. toenchantbya spell; s. seið, to work a spell. seið-berendr,m.pl. sorcerers; -galdr,m. enchantmentbyspells; -hjallr, m. incantation-scaffold; -kona,f. sorceress,witch; -læti,n.pl. thesoundsheard duringtheincantation; -maðr,m. enchanter,wizard; -magnan,f. theworking of a spell.

seiðr (gen. seiðs or seiðar),m. spell, charm,enchantment,incantation;seiða (efla,magna)seið, toworkaspell,practise sorcery. seið-skratti, m. wizard. seiðsla, f. = seiðmagnan.

seið-staðr,m. theplacewhereaspell isworked; -stafr,m. enchanter’swand; -villa,f. spellstocounteractwitchcraft (rísta -villur).

seig-liga, adv. slowly. seigr,a.(1) tough,viscid (seigtlím);(2) stubborn (s.ásittmál);(3) difficult (seigt mun veita at kristna Ísland).

seil,f. string,line;komaás.e-m, tobe carried along by one. seila-möttull, m. = tugla-möttull. seilast (d),v.refl. tostretchoutone’s hand (Þórrseildistsválangtupp,sem hannmáttilengst);s.eptire-u,tile-s, to trytogetholdofathing;fig. toseekfarfor athing (s.tílsœmdaríhendre-m);s.á e-t, toencroachon (s.águðs,krúnunnar, rétt).

seiling, f. seeking for a thing. seimr,m.(1) honey-comb;(2)poet. gold, riches (rautt gull er s.).

sein,n.?, delay;látaeigis.atsér, to make haste.

seina (að),v. todelay;þámunof seinat, then it will be to late. sein-búinn,pp. ‘late-boun’,slowingettingready,=síðbúinn; -fœrr,a. slow, tardy,slowatwork; difficulttopass (brú varáÁlptá,okvar-fœrtyfir); -görr, a. slow-growing (-görríuppvexti); -heppiligr,a. slowtoadvanceoneself,slowgrowing. seinka (að),v. todelay,withacc.or dat.(s.gönguna,s.förinni),orinf.(s.at fylgjae-m);refl.,seinkast, tobedelayed (mjök þótti s. atlagan).

seinkan, f. hindrance, delay. sein-látr,a. slow,tardy,dilatory; -liga,adv. slowly,indifferently,reluctantly (takae-u-liga,taka-ligaundire-t); -ligr,a. slow,dull,reluctant; -læti,n. slowness, dullness. seinn (compar. seinni,superl. seinstr,later seinastr),a.(1) slow,opp.to ‘skjótr’(s.áfœti);seinirtilatmunaorð sín, slowtoremember(fulfil)theirwords (promise);neut.,seint,asadv. slowly; faras., togoataslowpace;takae-us., to takeitslowly,coldly (=takae-useinliga);

(2) late (förumtilskipaokverðumeigiof seinir);Sveinnvarseinstbúinn, S.was the last to get ready. sein-talaðr,pp. slowofspeech; -þreyttr,pp. slowtobemoved;-þreyttr tilvandræða, slowtobedrawnintoquarrels. seizla, f. = seiðsla, seiðmagnan.

sekja (-ta, -tr),v.(1) tosentencetoa fine,=gørae-nsekjan;esp. tosentence onetooutlawry;(2)refl.,sekjast, tobeliable to a penalty. sekka (að), v. to pack up (s. vöru).

sekkr (gen. -jar,pl. -ar or -ir),m. (1) sack,bag;(2) package,truss,inamerchant ship.

sekr (acc. sekan or sekjan),a.(1) guilty;látaþannundansetja,ers.er, tolethimescapewhoisguilty;s.e-s or ume-t, guiltyof;(2) convicted,outlawed, condemnedtooutlawry (gørae-nsekjan, verðas.ume-t);s.skógarmaðr,fjörbaugsmaðr, convictedoutlaw;(3) sentencedtopay,mulctedin (verðrhanns. umþatþremmörkum);(4) forfeited;tel eksektféhansallt, Isaythatallhisgoods are forfeited. sekt,f.(1) guilt (lifandiguðfyrirláti mérmínas.);(2) penalty;fulls., thehighestpenaltyofthelaw,forfeitureofgoods andoutlawry (lýsatilsektarfullraráhönd e-m); (3) fine, mulct (þriggja marka s.). sektar-dómr,m. conviction,sentence ofoutlawry; -fé,n. goods,propertyofan outlaw (skógarmaðr,fjörbaugsmaðr), whichwasconfiscated,onehalftothe community(fjórðungsmenn),theother halftotheprosecutor; -lauss,a. free, unconvicted; -laust,adv. withimpunity; -mark,n.(1) brandormarkofguilt;(2) pl. themarksbywhichtoknowtheperson

ofanoutlaw; -úmagi,m. thedestitutedependant of an outlaw.

sel (gen.pl. selja),n. shedonamountainpasture (wherethemilk-cowsare kept in the summer months).

sela-bátr,m. aboatforseal-catching, seal-boat; -húðir,f.pl. seal-skins; -nót, f. seal-net; -kyn,n. speciesofseal; -skinn, n. pl. = -húðir.

sel-belgr, m. seal-skin (not cut up).

sel-dyrr, f. pl. door of a ‘sel’.

sel-feitr,a. fatasaseal (stóðhestr -feitr); -fita, f. seal’s fat.

sel-för,f. thekeepingofcattleata ‘sel’; -gørð, f. erection of a ‘sel’.

sel-hárr, a. covered with seal’s hair.

seli (and sili), m. harness.

selja (sel, selda, seldr),v.(1) to handover,deliver;s.e-me-t(Ástaselr honumsverðit);s.e-tíhendre-m, to makeovertoone (hannseldibúitíhendr Þorsteini);s.vápnórhendisér, togiveup (deliver)one’sweapons;s.e-tfram, todeliverup;s.e-me-ttilvarðveizlu, tocommittoanother’skeeping (þérskulutnú seljamértilvarðveizluvápnyður);hann kvazthvárkivildus.griðnétaka, hesaid thathewouldneithergivenorreceivepardon;s.e-mlaun, togivereward,pay;s. féatláni, tolendmoney;s.áleigu, toput outatinterest;s.áfrest, togiveoncredit; (2) tosell,partwith (hannseldilandsitt); s.e-tviðlitlu(miklu)verði, tosellfora small(great)sum;s.mansali, tosellinto bondage;þóttiþeimkonungrútseldr, a doneman (=framseldr);(3)refl.,seljast, togiveoneselfup (s.arfsali);s.út, toturn out;aldrimunþatvelúts., itwillnever go well. selja, f. sallow, willow. seljandi (pl. -endr),m. onewhohands

over; seller, vendor.

seljari, m. seller. sel-mánaðr,m. themonthinwhich milk cattle are removed to the ‘sel’.

sel-net,n. seal-net; -nœtr,f.pl. see sela-nót.

selr (-s, -ar), m. seal (syndr sem s.). sels-dyrr, f. pl. door of a ‘sel’.

sels-eista, f. a seal’s testicle. sel-skinn, n. seal’s skin. selskinns-brœkr,f.pl., -stakkr,m. sealskin breeched, cloak. sel-skutill,m. seal-harpoon; -tjara, f. tarfromseal-fat; -veiðr,f. seal-catching; -ver,n. aplacewheresealsare caught. sem,asaconj.(1) as (rauðrs.blóð,fölr s.gras);svás., soas (svás.fyrrvatritit);slíkrs., suchas (slíkrmaðrs.Ljótr er);(2)ellipt.=svás.(svælae-ninni s.melrakkagreni);hannkom,s.hann hafðiheitit, ashehadpromised;dugði hverr,s.mátti, everydidashecould,did hisbest;(3)withsuperl.,s.skjótast,s. fyrst, assoonaspossible;þeirhleyptuút áSkaptás.mestmáttuþeir, asfastas theycould;(4)withsubj., asif (þeirvóru allirmeðvápnumsemtilbardagaværi búnir);(5)temp. as,when (semhringdi tilaptansöngs,vildikonungrganga);(6) asarelat.part., who,which,that,=er,es (eptirþetta,semnúvargetit);(7)after adverbs,þars., where;þangats., whither;þaðans., whence (muntuþarþykkja sómamaðrsemþúkemr);hvars.hann kom, wheresoeverhecame;(8)þars., whereas (þúgørirþikgóðanþarsemþú bæði verit þjófr ok ræningi).

semja (sem, samda, samiðr and samdr),v.(1) toshape,compose,arrange; to bringorputinto,order;s.hljóðfœri, to

tuneinstruments;s.sætt, tomakepeace (fyrrensættinværisamið);(2) toagree on,settle (engirhlutirskyldiþeirtil verða,ateigiþeirsjálfir);s.viðe-n, to treatwithone (Hrútrkvaztatvísuvilja s.viðHöskuld);(3)impers.,e-msemret, oneagreestoathing;hvártsemþeim semdieða whethertheycametotermsor not;(4) toreform,mend,putright;konungrbœttiþeirraoksamdisiðu, theking mended,reformedtheirfaithandmanners; hefirþúheldrsamitþikórþvísemvar, thouhastratherimprovedthyself;setjaok s.dramb tocomposeandsetdownone’s pride;s.sikeptire-u, toadaptoneself to,conformoneselfto (hefirþúsamitþik mjökeptirsiðvenjuútlendramanna);at þeirsemdisínafrændsemieptirþvísem veraætti, thattheyshouldrestoretheirrelationshiptoaproperfooting;(5)reflex., semjast, tobesettled,agreedon (þatmál samdistáþáleið,at);e-tsemstmeðe-m, itisagreedonbetweenthem (samdistþettameðþeim);impers.(seljamanekyngrasveininn,semokkrsemst);s.e-u, to taketo (samdisthónskildioksverðien við sauma ok borða).

sem-sveinar,m.pl. ‘Finnish’messengers (so called by themselves).

sen, n. sentence (langt s., myrkt s.).

senda (-nda, -ndr),v.(1) tosend,dispatxh (ekvils.þiktilVíkrinnar);maðr varsendrGizurihvíta, amanwassentto G.thewhite;s.eptire-m, tosendfor;(2) tosend,throw,cast (s.spjót,s.skeytinaptr);(3)recipr.,sendaste-tá,s.e-tímilli, tointerchange,sendtooneanother (áðr höfðu þeir senzt orð í milli).

sendi-boð,n. message; -boði,m. messenger; -fé,n. presentssent; -ferð, -för, m. mission,message,errand (fara-för);

-ligr,a. fittobesent; -maðr,m. messenger.

sending (pl. -ar),f.(1) message,= orðsending;(2) gift,presentsent;senda konungivingjafar,hauka,hesta,tjöld, segl,eðaaðraþáhluti,ersendingareru, whicharefitforpresents;(3) dish,course (eptirþatbjuggustmenntilborða;því næstkómuinnsendingar,ífyrstuheitt kjöt).

sendinn, a. sandy (from ‘sandr’).

sendi-pistill,m. epistle,letter; -skip, n. dispatch-boat.

sendlingr, m. purple sandpiper. senn,adv. atthesametime,atatime (létuþeireinnjarls.veraílandinu);allir s., allatonce;also,ís.(einn,margir,allir í s.).

senna (-ta, -t),v.(1) tochatter,talk; (2) to bandy words (s. við e-n).

senna, f. gibing, bickering. senni-liga, adv. verily, = sannliga. sér,refl.pron.dat.(1) foroneself,separately,singly (fórEyjólfreinns.);eitter þats., thatisathingbyitself;(2)inadistributivesense,s.hverr,s.hvárr, eachby himself,eachseparately;efs.ferrhverr várr, ifeachofusgoesbyhimself;stundumbáðirsamt,stundums.hvárrþeirra, sometimeseachofthemsingly;þatlið, erhonumfylgði,flýrs.hvat, inalldirections.

serða (serð, sarð, sorðinn),v. to have intercourse with (esp. a male).

sér-deilis,adv. particularly,especially; -hvárr, -hverr, a., see ‘sér’ (2).

serkir (gen. serkja),m.pl. theSaracens; Assyrians, Persians, etc.

serk-land,n. thelandoftheSaracens, esp. used of northern Africa.

serkr (pl. -ir),m.(1) sark,shirt (þú

skaltfaraíserkminn);hafadrengíserk, tohaveamaninsideone’sshirt,tobebold andcourageous;hamarrinnvarsválítill, athafamáttiíserksér, thatonecouldconcealitinone’sbosom;(2) acertainnumber of skins.

sér-liga,adv.(1) apart (hafðihónsérligaherbergiinnan-borgar);(2) exactly (EinarrkvaðÞorsteineigidauðanhafa veritsérliga); -ligr,a. particular,special. sess (pl. -ar),m. seat;hannvarhár ísessi, hewastallwhenseated;vera kominnívandans., tobeinadifficultsituation.

sessi, m. bench-mate. sess-megir,m.pl.(poet.) bench-mates; -meiðr, m. seat-beam. sessu-nautr (-s, -ar), m. = sessi. set,n. araiseddeal-floororplatform alongtheside-wallsofanancienthall(eldaskáli),usedasasitting-andsleepingplace by the household. seta,f.(1) sitting (núvarðsetanlöng); hvatmerkirs.sjá, whatmeansthissitting still?;(2) seat =sess(hannvarhárísetunni);bjóðabúumísetu, tocallonthe neighbourstotaketheirseats;(3) bodyof men (assembledfordefence);eptirþat höfðuhvárirtveggjasetu, afterthatboth kept men assembled. seta-skáli, m. sitting-room. set-berg, n. a seat-formed rock. setgeira-brœkr,f.pl. breecheswith gores in the seat. set-geiri,m. seat-gore (inapairof man’s breeches).

setja (set, setta, settr),v.(1) to seat,set,place,put (hannsettisveininní knékonungi;hónvaríhaugsett);s.eninn, toputinprison;s.innfénað,svín, hross, topenup,takein;s.dóm, toset

acourt;s.tjöld,herbúðir, tosetuptents; s.grundvölltilkirkju, tolaythefoundationof;s.borð, tosetuptables;s.emgisla, togiveonehostages;(2) todrive (hannsettiøxinaíhöfuðhonum);(3) to make,establish (s.lög,frið,grið);s.ráð, ráðagørð, tosetonfoot(contrive)aplan, plot (báðuþeirhanns.aðraráðagørð); s.e-mtorg,markað, tosetupamarket; (4) toorder,prescribe (s.e-mskript);s. e-mdag,stefnu, tofixadayforoneto appear;(5)withdat.,s.e-u, tosettle (s. máli);(6) toappoint (hannsettiGuthorm sonsinntillandvarnar);(7) toallay (sá dauðimuns.mínasút);(8)s.e-te-u or meðe-u, toset,inlay (hannlétgøragullkaleikoks.gimsteinum); toembroider (seglitvarsettmeðfögrumskriptum); (9)intrans., tosetoff (hannlagðihalann ábakséroksettiíburtu);s.undan, to escape;(10)impers. itsettles;þegarer niðtsettimoldrykit(acc.), whenthedust settled;jarl(acc.)settisvárauðansem blóð(dreyrrauðan), theearlturnedredas blood;þásettiathonumhósta, afitof coughingseizedhim;þásetrathennigrát mikinn, sheburstsintotears;(11)with preps.andadvs.;s.e-nafkirkju, toput outofthechurch,excommunicate;s.e-naf ríki, todeposeone;s.e-naflífi,afsinni eign, todepriveoneoflife,ofone’sproperty;s.e-naptr, holdoneback,check (hann settiþáharðligaaptr,eráÞráinleituðu); s.ate-m, toattack;s.e-táskrá, toenter, setinascroll;s.ásikhjálm, toputona helmet;s.á, topush (H.baðKetilganga fyrirskutoks.á);s.e-neptir, toleave onebehind;s.framskip, tolaunchaship; s.e-tfyrir, toprescribe (eptirfyrir-settri skipan);s.þvertneifyrir, todenyflatly (Þyrisettiþvertneifyrir,athónmyn-

digiptastgömlumkonungi);s.e-nífjötur,bönd, toputinfetters;hannhafði settspjótívöllinnhjásér, hehadstuck hisspearinthegroundbesidehim;s.e-n niðr, tomakeonesitdown,putonedown (H.þreiftilhansoksettihannniðrhjá sér);s.niðrlík, tolayacorpseinearth, buryit;s.niðrmál,deilu,vandræði, to settleit;s.e-tsaman, toputtogether,set up (s.búsaman); tocompose,write (eptir bókumþeim,erSnorrisettisaman);s. e-ntilbókar, tosetonetolearn;s.e-n tilríkis, toputoneonthethrone;s.upp, toraise,erect,putup (s.uppskurðgoð); s.uppsegl, tohoistsail;s.uppboga, to bendabow;s.skipupp, todrawaship up,ashore;s.skipút, tolaunch,=s.skip fram;s.e-tviðe-u, tosetagainst (þat þóttihöfðingjumofrausnoksettumjök hugsinnvið); tobet (eksetviðhundrað markasilfrs,athannríðrmikeigiafbaki);s.e-nyfire-t, toputoneover,atthe headof (H.konungrsettiEysteinjarlyfir Vestfold);(12)refl.,setjast, toseatoneself,takeaseat;s.niðr, tositdown (þeir settustniðrávöllinn);s.átalviðe-n, tositdowntotalkwithaperson; totake upone’sabode (fórhanníOddaoksettist þar);s.umkyrrt, tosettleoneselftorest; s.atíríkisínu, tosettleinone’skingdom; s.aptrafbrottferðinni, todesistfromthe journey;s.eptir, toremainbehind;ekhefi héruppseztatþér, Ihavetakenupmy abodewiththee;s.fyrir, towithstand,oppose;s.fyrire-t, toputoneselfatthehead of,takeinone’shand (síðansettistSturla fyrirmálþeirra);s.hjáe-u, nottomeddle with,takenopartin (settistSturlahjáöllumvandræðum,erþarafgerðust);s.um borg, tolaysiegetoatown;s.upp, toraise oneselftoasittingposture;s.yfire-t, to

seizeupon (núsetjastþeiryfirstaðinnok allastaðarinseign);ofthesun,setjast, to set,godown (þatervíðaáþvílandi,at sólsezteigiumnætr);dagrsezt, theday ends;sólu(degi)ersett, thesun(day)has set.

set-ligr, a. due, fit, proper. setna (að), v. to settle, subside. setning (pl. -ar),f.(1) position,site;s. hússins, theplanofthehouse;(2) order, arrangement;hverers.háttanna, whatis thecompositionofthemetres;(3) order, rule,rite (berajárneptirréttrisetningu); mannas., humanrule;atsetningu, according ot a plan.

setningr, m. set purpose, design. setr,n.(1) seat,residence (auðigra mannas.);(2) setting,ofthesun(sólat setrikomin);(3)=sætr, mountainpastures, dairy lands (in Norway).

set-stokkr,m. planking-beam (betweenthe‘set’andtheunflooredcenter of the hall).

sétti, ord. numb. the sixth. settr,pp.from‘setja’,(1) placed,situated (hónskalhérsvávelsettsemhón værimíndóttir);(2)ofaship, deepin thewater,heavy (skipkonungsvórusett mjök);(3)lítts.atklæðum, poorlyfurnishedwithclothes;s.meðe-u, studded with. séttungr, m. a sixth part. sex,card.num. six; -faldr,a. sixfold; -fœttr,a. six-footed; -hoiðaðr,a. sixheaded; -stefja,f. apoemwithsix ‘stef’ (burdens). sextán,card.numb. sixteen; -mæltr, pp.,ofastanza, ofsixteensentences,two toeachline; -sessa,f. ashipwithsixteen seats. sex-tugandi,ord.numb. sixtieth; -tu-

gr,a. sixtyyearsold;ofmeasure,sextugr atlengd, sixtyfathoms(ells)long;ofa ship,sextugratrúmatali, withsixtyoarrooms.

sex-ærðr,a. six-oared; -æringr,m. six-oared boat; -ærr, a. = -ærðr. seyðir,m. cooking-fire (tókueldok gerðuseyði);búatilseyðis, tomakeready for cooking.

seymi,n. stringforsewing (ofsinewsof whales or cattle).

seyra,f. starvation,famine (sultrmikill ok seyra).

seytján, card. numb. seventeen. siða (að),v. toimprove,esp. toreform thefaith (s.land,fólk);refl.,siðast, tobe improved,civilized (þareptirsiðaðistlandit).

siða-bót, f. = siðbót.

siðaðr, pp. mannered (vel s.). siða-maðr,m. awell-bredman; -samr, a.=siðsamr; -skipti,n.pl. changeof faith.

sið-blandinn,a. sociable;verasiðblandinnviðmenn, tomixwithotherpeople; -bót,f. reformationoflifeorreligion; -ferði,n. conductoflife,morality (gott siðferði); -ferðugr,a. ofgoodmorals; -forn,a. old-fashionedinmanners; -góðr,a. ofgoodmorals,well-mannered; -gætni,f. observanceofgoodmanners; -lauss,a. unmannerly,ill-bred; -látliga,adv. morally;lifa-látliga, toliveapure life; -látr,a. well-mannered,ofpurelife; -leysa,f. wantofmanners,immorality, lawlessness; -liga,adv. morally,cleanly (lifa-liga); -ligr,a. well-bred,moral; -læti,n. goodmanners,boodbehaviour; -mannligr,a. well-mannered; -næmr, a. quicktoacquiregoodmanners; -prúðr, a. well-mannered, gentle.

siðr (-ar, -ir,acc. -u),m.(1) custom, habit (þatmunhérveras.,atmennganga vápnlausirfyrirkonung);(2) conduct, morallife (spillaillmálgóðumsiðum); (3) religion,faith;innfornis., theancient (heathen)faith;innnýis., thenew(Christian)faith;kristinns., theChristianreligion;heiðinns., heathenism;ífornum sið, in the olden, or heathen, times. sið-samligr,a. well-bred; -samr,a. well-conducted; -semd,f.(1) habits;(2) moralconduct;(3) goodmanners,courtesy; -semi, f. = -semd.

siðugr, a. well-bred, well-conducted. sið-vandi,m. custom,habit,practice; -vandr,a. strictastoone’sconduct; -varr,a. conscientiousinone’slife; -vendi,f. austerity; -venja,f. custom,practice.

sif (gen. sifjar), f. the wife of Thor. sifjaðr, pp. related by affinity. sifjar,f.pl. affinity.connexionbymarriage (s.eðafrændsemi);spillasifjum, to commit adultery.

sifja-slit, -spell, n. adultery. sifjungr, m. a relative by affinity. sif-kona,f. awomanrelatedbyaffinity (frændkonur ok sifkonur).

sig, n. a rope which is let down. siga (að),v. tosink =síga;sigaðisváat honumaföllusaman,at, hewassooverwhelmed that. siga (að),v. toexcitedogs byshouting rrr!;s.hundumáe-n, tosetdogsatoron one.

sigð, f., sigðr, m. sickle. sigg, n. callosity, hard skin. sigla (-da, -t),v.(1) tosail;s.aflandi, tostandofftheland;s.atlandi, tostand intoland;s.íhaf,áhaf,tilhafs, tostand outtosea;s.áskip, torunintoaship;s.

meira, tosetmoresails;s.ume-n, tosail byone;s.umEyrarsund, tosailthrough theSound;s.um, togetunderweigh,set sail (þegarerþeirhöfðuumsiglt,þágaf þeimbyr);withthecourseinacc.,þater sögnmanna,atSkoptihafifyrstrNorðmannasigltNjörvasund, wasthefirst NorthmantosailthroughN.;withthe weatherinacc.(þeirsiglanorðrum Sognsæbyrgóðanokbjartveðr);veðr siglanda, weatherfitforsailing;(2)fig., s.áveðre-m, togettowindwardofone, takethewindoutofhissails (engimaðr munhafasigltáveðrjafnmörgum höfðingjum);s.milliskersokbáru, tosail betweenScyllaandCharybdis;(3) togoas withsails (sigldiíkorninnímillilimanna á öðru tré).

sigla, f. mast (fyrir framan siglu).

sigli, n. ornament, necklace. sigling (pl. -ar),f.(1) sailing (þásá mennkonungssiglingina);sjaudagas., sevendays’sail;(2) voyage (tókstþeim siglingin ógreitt).

siglinga-maðr,m. seafaringman,seaman (slíkr -maðr sem þú ert).

siglu-biti,m. thestepofthemast; -rá, f. sail-yard; -skeið,n. thepartofaship nearthemast; -toppr,m. mast-head; -tré, n. mast-tree.

signa (að),v. tosinkorslidedown (honumþóttibyrðrinþungsignaðihónniðrá bakit).

signa (að,or -da, -dr),v.(1)inaheathensense, tomarkwiththesignofThor’s hammer,todedicate,toagod(s.full Óðni,Þór);(2) tosignwiththecross, makethesignofthecrossover (genguþeir undirborðoksigndumatsinn);s.sik, tocrossoneself (ontheforeheadand breast);(3) tobless;signaðrÓlafr, the

blessed O.

signan, f. blessing. sigr (gen. sigrs),m. victory;hafa,fá, vinnas., togainavictory;beras.afe-m, vega(vinna,fá)s.áe-m, todefeatone; auðnamunráðasigri, fortunewilldecide thevictory;Magnúskonungrréðþásigri miklum, thenkingM.gainedagreatvictory. sigra (að),v.(1) tovanquish,overcome (höfðuþeirbrœðrsigratbjörninn);(2) to surpass (einnlokkrsigraðialla);(3)refl., sigrast, togainavictory (Einarlagðiþegar tilorrostuoksigraðist);s.áe-m, togain avictoryoverone (hannbaropthamingju til at s. á sínum óvinum).

sigrari, m. victor. sigr-auðigr,a. victorious; -bákn,n. tokeningofvictory; -blástr,m. trumpetingofvictory; -blómi,m. beamofvictory, halo; -blót,n. sacrificeforvictory; -byrr,m. fairwindbodingvictory; -fórn,f. offeringforvictory; -för,f. victoriousjourney (fara-för); -gjald,n. war contribution; -gjöf,f.(1) thegrantingof victory;(2) offeringupforvictory; -goð, n. godofvictory; -lauss,a. desertedby victory; -leysi,n. lackofvictory; -lúðr, m. trumpetofvictory; -mark,n. tokenof victory; -mál,n. prizeofvictory; -merki,n.=-mark; -minning,f. commemorationofavictory; -óp,n. shoutingofvictory; -samligr,a. victorious; -strangligr,a. biddingfairforvictory; -sæla, -sæld, -sæli,f. victoriousness; -sæll,a. blessed by victory, victorious. sig-rúnar, f. pl. runes of victory. sigr-vegari,m. conqueror; -vegning, f. victory; -verk,n. victory; -vænligr,a. promisingvictory; -þjóð,f. thevictorious host; -ör, f. shaft of victory.

sig-tívar,m.pl. godsofvictory; -toptir, f. pl. homes of victory. sik,acc.oftherefl.pron.(gen. sín, dat. sér), himself,herself,themselves (þeir verja sik þar).

siklingr (-s, -ar), m. poet., king. sild (pl. sildr), f. herring. silda-ferja,f. herring-boat; -kaup,n. purchase of herring. sild-fiski,f. herring-fishery;faraí-fiski, togooutcatchingherring; -ver,n. a place for herring-fishing. silfr,n. silver; -baugr,m. silverring; -beizl,n. silverbit; -búinn,pp. silvermounted; -drjúgr,a. well-stockedwith silver(money); -fátt,a.n. lackingsilver (e-mverðr-fátt); -festr,f. silverchain; -hadda,f. silverhandle; -horn,n. drinking-hornofsilver; -hringr,m.=-baugr; -hvítr,a. silver-white; -kalkr,m. silver chalice; -ker,n. silvervessel; -lagðr,pp. inlaidwithsilver; -ligr,a. silvery; -men, n. necklaceofsilver; -merktr, -metinn, pp. valuedinsilver; -ofinn,pp. woven withsilver; -peningr,m. silvercoin; -rekinn,pp.=-búinn; -smeltr,pp. enamelledwithsilver; -smiðr,m. silversmith; -sylgja,f. broochofsilver; -vápn, n. silver weapon. silki,n. silk;incompds. silken,silk; -band,n. silkribbon; -blaka,f. silken veil; -bleikr,a. yellowassilk; -dúkr,m. silkennapkin; -hjúpr,m. silkenjacket; -hlað,n. silkribbonwornroundthehead; -kult,n. silkenquilt; -saumaðr,pp. embroideredwithsilk; -slœðr,f.pl. silken gown; -treyja,f. silkenjacket; -þráðr, m. silken thread. silungr (-s, -ar), m. trout. simili, n. fine flour for bread. simul, f. hag, witch (poet.).

sin,n. bladdersedge (skúturtværsini bundnar, ok engi saumr í).

sin (pl. sinar), f. sinew, tendon. sina,f.(1)=sin;(2) witheredgrass which has stood during winter. sina-sárr, a. sore in the sinews. sin-bundinn,pp. boundwithbladder sedge (sinbundit skip).

sindr, n. slag or dross, iron-scales. sindra (að),v. tosendoutsparks, sparkle (sindraði af svá sem ór afli). sinn (sín, sitt),possess.pron. his, her,its,their;(1)referringtothesubj.in asentence,Hallgerðrfastnaðidóttursína, H.betrothedherdaughter;Hrútrvar harðráðrviðúvinisína, H.wassterntowardshisfoes;(2)referringtotheobject; hvatvillHaraldrbjóðaNóregskonungi fyrirsittstarf, whatwillH.offertothe kingofNorwayforhis (viz. thelatter’s) trouble? Sigurðrjarlgafupp Orkneyingumóðulsín, theirodals;hann þakkarhonumsittsinni, hethankshim forhishelp;(3)neut.assubst.;kostaði hanneinnalltfyrir,enbœndrekkiaf sínu, nothingoftheirown;alltmunþat sínufranfaraumaldrmanna, itwillall goitsowncoursetoaman’slife;(4)with ‘sjálfr’bothwordsaredeclined;þeirbáðu hanatakasjálfrarsinnarráð, theybade hertakeherowncounsel;(5)with‘hvárr’ and‘hverr’inadistributivesense;tók sittlangskiphvárrþeira, eachofthetwo tookalongship;sinnvetrþáhvárrheimboðatöðrum, theyvisitedeachother,winterabout;sínusinniathvársbúum, alternatelyoneachother’sestates;sinnveg hvárr, oneeachway;þykkirnökkutsinn veghváru, eachtookhisownviewofthe matter;ferrsinnveghverrumskóginn, they(all)wenteachhisownwayinthe

wood;skuluvakasinnþriðjungnætr hverir tveir, two and two in turn. sinn,n. time;eitts.,einusinni, one time,once (þatvareitts.,atEgillgekktil eldaatvermasik);eitthverts.,einhverju sinni=eitts.,einusinni;einhverjusinni barsvátil,at, onetimeithappenedthat; ekkis.,engusinni, never;aldris., nevermore (aldriskaltukomaímínarekkju s.síðan);þats., thattime;þessusinni, thistime;(í)annats.,öðrusinni, asecond time,again;hitfyrrasinn, thefirsttime; hitþriðjas., forthethirdtime;atsinni, forthepresent (þeirskiljatalsittatsinni); ums., once (vegþúaldrimeirríinnsama knérunnenums.); forthisonetime (ek munleysaþikórvandræðiþessuums.); umsinnssakir, forthisonce (eigivilek synjaþérumsinnssakirþessa);dat.pl., sjausinnum, seventimes;endroksinnum, nowandthen,fromtimetotime; nökkurum sinnum, several times. sinna (að,or -ta, -t),v.(1)poet. to journey,travel;(2) togowith,sidewith one (vildaek,atþúsinnaðirfrændum mínum);(3) toplead,support (þeirhétu þáats.hansmáli);(4) tomind,carefor, heed;ekkisinniekhégómaþínum, Iheed notthyidletalk;ekkisinniekfé(ef nökkurrvillgangaímálit), Idonotmind themoney;hónsinnaðiumenganhlut, shecaredaboutnothing;verae-msinnandi, to be attentive to one, take care of. sinnaðr,a. sidingwithone,favourably disposed towards one. sinni, m. poet. follower, companion. sinni,n(1) journey,walk;veraásinnum, tobeontheway;heillþúásinnum sér, behappyonthyway;dagrvarásinnum, thedaywaspassingby;(2) fellowship,company;ríðaís.e-m, toridein

one ’ scompany;(3) help,support (V. þakkarhonumsitts.);verae-mís., to sidewithone,helpone (þúvildir,atallir væriþérís.);(4) time,=sinn;annats., asecondtime,=annatsinn;þats., that time.

sinnig, sinnsig (forsinnveg,síns veg),adv. oneeachway;s.hvárr(hverr), each his own way, differently. sinni-ligr, a. companion-like. sinu-eldr, m. fire in withered grass. sitja (sit; sat, sátum; setinn),v.(1) tosit,beseated;hannsatitnæstahonum, hesatnexthim;s.upp, tositerect (þeir létuhanns.uppíhauginum); tositat table;(2) tostay,sojourn;s.heima, tostay athome (sitrGunnarrnúheimanökkura hríð);s.kyrr, toremainquiet,stayat home;s.ífestum, tositasone’sbetrothed (ofthebridebetweenthebetrothaland wedding); toreside (Haraldrkonungrsat optastáRogalandi); tositfishing (þeir vórukomniráþærvastir,erhannvar vanrats.);(3) totarry (gørðiliðinuleitt ats.);s.veðrfastr, tolieweather-bound; (4)withacc.,s.e-tórhendisér, toletit slipthroughidleness;s.byrórhendisér, tomissafairwind;(5)s.vel(illa)jörð, tokeepone’sestateingood(bad)order;s. launþing, toholdasecretmeeting;(6)s.et, toputupwith,endure (eigimunduþeir þvílíkaskömmeðahneisusetiðhafa);s. e-me-t, tosubmitto,putupwithatone’s hand (s.mönnumskammirokskapraunir);erslíktengummannisitjanda, it isnottobeenduredfromanyman;(7) s.e-me-t, tocutoneofffrom (hugðust þeirSveinnats.honumvatn);(8)with preps.,s.ate-u, tositbusywithathing; s.atsumbli, tositatabanquet;s.attafli, tositatchess;s.atfé,nautum, totend

sheep,cattle;s.atmálum, tositovera case,debateit;s.ástefnu, tobeinthe chairatameeting;s.ásannindum, to withhold(conceal)thetruth;s.ásér, to controloneself,keepdownone’stemper (Hallgerðrsatmjökásérumvetrinn); s.ásvikrædum,svikumviðe-n, toplot againstone;s.fyrir, tobeonthespot (úvísteratvita,hvarúvinirsitjaáfleti fyrir);s.fyrire-u, tobeahindranceto (s.fyrirsœmde-s); tobeexposedto,have tobear (s.fyrirhversmannsámæli);s. fyrirádrykkjue-s, tobeone’sdrinkingmate;s.fyrirsvörum, tostandquestions, bethespokesman;s.fyrirmálum, tolead thediscussion;s.fyrire-m, tolieinambush(inwait)for;s.hjáe-u, tobepresent at (s.hjáráðagerðume-s); tositidlyby (þúmuntþódrepaviljabróðurminn, okerþatskömm,efeksithjá);s.inni, tositinprison;s.tile-s, towait;erþar tilats., wemaywaittillthen;s.umet, towatchforanopportunity;þeirsátu umatrengja, theywatchedtofindaflaw intheproceedings; toplotagainst (hann sitrumríkihans);s.umlífe-s, toseek one’slife;s.ume-n, tolieinwaitfor, waylay;s.ume-u, tobebusywith (s.um nauðsynjamálum);s.umborðum, tosit attable;s.undire-u, tobesubjectto;s. yfire-u, tositoverathing,bebusywith (ekkimuneklengryfirþessus.);s.yfir drykkju,borðum, tositdrinking,attable; toattendto (s.yfirmálummanna);s.yfir kvæðum, tolistentosongs;s.yfire-u, to takepossessionof;látaslíkas.yfirváru, toletsuchpersonswithholdourproperty fromus; tobeardown (hannsatyfirvirðland);s.yfirskörðumhlut, tosufferaloss ofright;s.yfirsjúkummanni, tositup with(nurse)asickperson,esp.awoman

inlabour;(9)recipr.,sitjastnær, tosit near one another.

sía (að),v. tofilter,strain;látagröns., to sip through the beard. sía, f. sieve or strainer, for liquids.

sía,f. glowingspark,esp.frommetal (síur flugu ór afli).

sí-byrða (-rða, -rðr),v. tolay(aship) alongside,inasea-fight;withdat.(jarl síbyrðiBarðanumennviðOrminn); withoutthedat.(síbyrðihannþarvið Járnbarðann); -byrðis, -byrt,adv. broadsidetobroadside (leggja,liggja síbyrðis, síbyrt).

síð,adv.(1) late (varheldrs.gengittil hámessu);withgen.,s.aptans,sumars, vetrar, lateintheevening,summer,winter; s.umhaustit,kveldit, lateintheautumn, evening;(2)compar., síðarr, later (þau svik,ers.komufram);fámvetrums., afewyearslater;(3)superl. síðarst or síðast, last;orðþauerhannmæltis., his lastwords;sáers.gengrinn, hewhoenters last.

síð,f.,onlyinthephrase,ums., atlast (þóvarðhannums.ofrliðiborinn);more commonlyinpl.,um(of)síðir(þóvaknaði hann um síðir).

síða,f.(1) side (hljópsverðitásíðuna); (2) flank,sideofmeat (síðurafnauti allfeitar);(3) coast (hannbrautskipsitt við Jótlands síðu).

síða (síð; seið, siðum; siðinn),v. to workcharmsthrough ‘seiðr’(þaterválítil, at vér síðim).

síðan,adv.(1) since,afterthat (s.gekk hóníbrott);hefirsúkapellaþarstaðit s., eversince;hvárkiáðrnés., neither beforenorsince;(2) afterwards,lateron (komaþeirallirviðþessasögus.);(3) asprep.withacc.,þeirhöfðuekkietið

s.laugardaginn, sinceSaturday;(4)with therelat.part.,at,er,asconj., fromthe timewhen,since (s.ertengdirvárar tókust);(5) since =s.er(E.hafðiverit meðÓlafikonungis.Sveinnjarlandaðist); seeingthat,inasmuchas (viltu, at ek gæta vitans, s. ek geri ekki annat).

síðans (= síðan es), conj. since. síðar-la, -liga,adv. late (eittkveld síðarla gengu til gestir nökkurir).

síðarr, adv. compar., see ‘síð’. síðarri,a.compar. later,latter,opp.to ‘fyrri’ (it síðarra sumar).

síðarst or sídast,adv.superl. last, see ‘síð’ adv. síðarsta or síðasta,f.;atsíðustu,at síðastunni, at last. síðarstr or síðastr,a. latest,last (sá skalfyrstrútgangaers.gengrinn);it síðarsta, atthelatest (þáskalstefntit síðarsta viku fyrir þing).

síð-brýndr,a. havinglongeyebrows; -búinn,pp. ‘late-boun’forsailing; -bærr,a. calvinglate; -faldinn,pp. wearingahoodlowovertheface (fyrsta aptanhafabrúðirnar-faldit); -farit,pp. n.,varðhonum-farit, hewalkedslowly; -förull,a. lateabroad,outlateinthe evening; -klæddr,pp. wearinglong clothes; -kveld,n.,um or á-kveldum, late in the evening. síðla,adv. late;s.kvelds,s.ofaptaninn, late in the evening. síðr (síð, sítt),a. long,hangingdown (sítthár,skegg;síðklæði;síðarbrynjur); hannhafðisíðanhattyfirhjálmi, ahood comingfardownovertheface;faldasítt, towearahoodcominglowovertheface (brúðirnarfaldasítt,sváatúgörlamásjá þeira yfirlit).

síðr,adv.compar.(1) less (þatermér

enns.hent);miklus., muchless;engu s., noless;eigis., notless,asmuch (hann varkærrkonungi,okeigis.dróttningu); eigis.en, nolessthan,aswellas (átti hanneigisíðrEnglandenDanmörk);at s.vórumennsjálfráðirfyrirkonungi,at engiréð,áhvernguðtrúaskyldi, sofar weretheyfrombeingindependent,that, etc.;(2)asconj., lest,s.ossLokikveði lastastöfum, that L. may not abuse us. síð-skeggjaðr, a. long-bearded. síðu-sár, n. a wound in the side. sí-dœgris,adv. everyday,daybyday; -feldr,a. continuous,incessant; -fella, f. continuity;ísífellu, continuously; -fleyttr, a. = -feldr. síga (síg; seig or sé, sigum; siginn), v.(1) tosinkgentlydown;seigáhann svefn, sleepcameoverhim;sésortimikill fyrirauguþeim, agreatdarknessfellover theireyes;látas., toletsink (Þórrléts. brýnnarofanfyriraugun);létuþeirs. festiofanígröfina, theyloweredarope downintothepit;fig.,getek,athéðan affariþeimheldrsíganda, Iimagineit willgodownwardswiththemhenceforth; (2) toglide,moveslowly (erþatmittráð atlátas.útskipinfrábryggjum);látaundans., toretreat (Danirlétuþáennundans.);látas.aptrtilsömuhafnar, toretreattothesameport;augunsígasaman, theeyesclose (indeath);látas.saman tilsamþykkis, toletthingsdrawtowards anagreement;létums.sáttmálokkur, we cametoterms;(3)refl.,látasígast, tolet oneselfsink;lætrhanns.órtrénu, he letshimselfdropfromthetree;hannlét s.fastástólinn, hepressedhimselfdown againsttheseat;nökkurirmennlétus. sárir, droppeddownwounded;látaundan s., toretreat (jarlsóttihartframþartil,er

Álfgeirr lét undan s.).

sí-grœnn,a. evergreen; -hverfull,a. round (herbergi nær síhverfult).

sík, síki, n. ditch, trench. síld (pl. síldr), f., see ‘sild’.

síld-fiski,f., -ver,n., see ‘sild-fiski’, ‘sild-ver’.

síma (pl. símu), n. cord, string.

sí-málugr,a. alwaystalking,longwinded (símálugr í þinni rœðu).

sími,m. cord,rope (þærórsandisíma undu).

sí-mælgi, f. talkativeness, loquacity. sín,gen.fromtherefl.pron.,hefnas., to revenge oneself.

sín-girnd, -girni,f. covetousness, avarice; -gjarn,a. covetous,avaricious (auðigr maðr ok síngjarn).

sínka, f. = síngirni.

sínkr, a. = síngjarn (s. ok fégjarn).

síra,m.indecl. sir,master (esp.usedof priests, sometimes of knights).

sí-reiðr,a. alwaysangry; -vaf,n. windinground;vefjae-usívafi, towindit roundandround; -valr,a. round,cylindrical.

síval-vaxinn, pp. round of growth.

sízt,adv.superl. least,opp.to‘helzt’; þérvildaeks.illtgera, theeleastofall would I harm.

sízt or síz,conj.(1) since,=síðaner; engiereiramaki,s.Gunnarrlézt, since Gunnardied;(2)asprep.withacc. since, after;sofnaekminsts.mínasonudauða, since the death of my sons. sjaldan (sjaldnar, sjaldnast),adv. seldom (s.hefiekaðrahaftatskildifyrir mér).

sjald-fenginn,pp. seldomgot,scarce (vatnerþar-fengit); -gætr,a. seldomto begot,rare (-gætrávöxtr); -heyrðr,pp.

seldomheardabout; -kvæmr,a. coming seldom (ekem-kvæmtilkirkju); -sénn, pp. seldomseen (-sénireruossþvílíkir menn); -stundum, adv. seldom. sjatna (að,)v.(1) tosink,dwindle,subside,=setna;esp.offood, tobedigested; honumsjatnaðieigifœða, hecouldnot digesthisfood;(2)fig. tosubside,abate (þinn ofsi mun illa s.).

sjau,card.numb. seven; -faldligr, -faldr, a. sevenfold. sjaund,f. aperiodofsevendays,spec. the seventh day after one’s death. sjaundi, ord. numb. the seventh. sjau-rœðr,a.=-tugr; -tján,card. numb. seventeen; -tugr,a. seventyyears old; -tugti,ord.numb. theseventieth (á sjautugta ári).

sjá,pron.dem.m.andf. this,that (s. maðr hafði spjót í hendi).

sjá (sé; sá, sám; sénn),v.(1) tosee; hannkvezts.mannrída, hesaidthathe sawamanriding;varþásénreiðþeira, theirridingwasseen,theywereseenriding;(2) tolook (konungrsátilhansok mælti);Gunnarrsáímóttungli, G. lookedatthemoon;s.út, tolookoutof thehouse (Hrútrbaðenganmannúts.á þeirinótt);(3) toexamine,see(look)after (hannreiðofaníEyjarats.verkhúskarla sinna);(4) tosee,understand (aldrivarð þatenn,ateksáeigigáturþær,erfyrir mikváruuppbornar);(5)impers.,þá (acc.)máttieigis., theycouldnotbeseen; sérþáhaugaenn, thosemoundscanbe seenyet;máþatoks.,atnærstandavinir Gunnars, itmaybeseen,too,thatGunnar’sfriendsstandnearhim;(6)with preps.,s.afe-m, tolookawayfrom,be (do)without (ekþóttumstekkimegaaf þérs.sakirástríkis);s.áe-t, tolookon

(núemekíhöllkominnáþiksjálfanat s.); totakeinhand,takecareof (Þorgils kvaðséreigiskyltats.áþatmál);s.á meðe-m, totakecareof (þessvilekbiðja,atþérsjáitámeðHögnasynimínum); impers.,sérá, itcanbeseen (líttsérþat þáá,atþúhafirfunditSveinkonung); s.eptire-u,s.eptirume-t, tolookafter (varlíttséteptirumskattlöndinþau,er fjarrilágu);eigaeptire-uats., tohave tolookafterathing (hannmunþareptir hefndumeigaats.);s.fram, toseeinto thefuture (framséeklengra);s.e-tfyrir, toforesee (hannþóttists.fyrir,athann mundifellafénaðsinn);s.fyrire-u, to takecareof,providefor (verðrhverrfyrir sérats.);manekþás.fyrirmálinu, then Iwilllookafterthematter;s.fyrire-m, to putoneoutoftheway;s.íe-t, toseeinto, seethrough (sérhannekkiíþetta); totake intoconsideration (Hrafnkellsáeigimjök íkostnað);s.tile-s, tobecomeawareof (efþérsjáitþáekkitilminnaferða,þá fariþérheim); tolookfor,expect (s.til trausts,launa,fulltings); tolookafter,see to,takecareof (guðsértilkristnisinnar); s.tilmeðe-m, totakecareof,seetoone; s.ume-t, toseeafter.takecareof (s.um bú,fémále-s);s.ummeðe-m=s.tilmeð e-m(Höskuldrsáummeðhonum);s.um fyrire-u, tolookafter,seeto (eigimunnú fyrirölluverðaumsét);s.viðe-m, tolook atone (konungrsáviðhonumokmælti); tobewareof,guardoneselfagainst (mun ossvandgætttilviðhonumats.);sénú við, beware!;s.viðume-t, toguardoneself,becautiousasto (hafaþessirmenn meirrsétviðumkaupinenekhugða);s. yfire-t, tolookover,survey,lookafter (s. yfirakrasína); toseeawayto (hannsáeigiyfir,atþeirkœmisttilbœja);eigimátti

yfirs.,hvernveghnígamundiorrostan, onecouldnotseehowthefightwouldend; (7)refl.,sjást, tofear (fátthyggekyðr s.);látaás., toletitappear,showsignsof (þeirþögðuyfiroklétuekkiás.);s.fyrir, tolookbeforeone,becautious (hittmundi mittráðathrapaekkiferðinni,sjástheldrfyrir);s.líttfyrir, tobeimpetuous,rash (erAgliofmjökættgengtats.líttfyrir); s.um, tolookabout (þálituallirútnema konungr,hannstóðoksásteigium);impers.,atþeimhefðikynligaumsézt, that theyhadmadeastrangeoversightinthis; e-mséstyfir, onemakesamistake,overlooksathing;þeimmunhafayfirsézt, theymusthavemadeamistake;recipr., sjást, toseeoneanother;vitmunumaldri s.síðan, weshallneverseeoneanother more;efþitsjáisttveirá, ifyefightitout amongyourselves;s.til, tolooktooneanother (sásttilsíðan,áðrísundrhyrfi); pass.,þeirsástaldrisíðan, theywerenever seen afterwards.

sjá-byggvar,m.pl.=sæ-byggvar; -dreginn,pp. caughtoutofthesea (dreginnfiskr); -drif,n. sea-spray; -drifinn,pp. sea-splashed; -kyrr,a. calm (vindlaust ok sjákyrt).

sjáldr,n. pupiloftheeye (svávarsem ormr lægi um sjáldrit).

sjálf-ala,a.indecl. ‘self-feeding’ (fé gekkþaröllumvetrum-alaískógum); -birgr,a., -bjargi,a. self-supported, self-helpful; -dauðr,a. havingdiedanaturaldeath; -dœmi,n. righttojudgein one ’ sowncase (seljae-m-dœmi); -görr, a. self-made,easy; -hól,n. self-praise; -hœlinn,a. self-praising,vaunting; -hœlni,f. self-glorification,self-praise; -kraf,n. free-will (kjósae-taf-krafi); -krafi,a. ofone’sownaccordorfree-will, sjá-byggvar

voluntarily.

sjálfr,a. self;hanns., hehimself;hón sjálf, sheherself;atsínumsjálfsvilja, at hisownwill (cf.‘sinn’);er(liggr)við sjálft,at, itisontheverge,withinanace, that (varviðsjálft,atþeirmunduberjast).

sjálf-ráð,n. independentjudgement; gørae-tat-ráði, ofone’sownaccord; -ráði,a.(1) offree-will (hannhafnaði -ráðiblótum);(2) independent,free (var fyrirhonumengimaðr-ráði); -ráðr,a. (1) voluntary,offree-will (U.mundieigi hafaskjöldinnlátit-ráðr);(2) independent,free (vilduheldrútlendakonunga hafayfirsérokvera-ráðir);(3)neut.,emere-t-rátt, itiswithinon’espower,easy forone (erþér-ráttatleggjatilráðþau, erdugi); one’sownfault (mérþykkirþér -ráttverithafa,erbátrinnerbrotinn); -ræði,n. independence,liberty (-ræðiok hóglífiinnanlands);gørae-tat-ræði sínu, ofone’sownfree-will; -sáinn,pp. self-sown (-sánirakrar); -skapa,a.indecl.;sumsertu-skapa, ofsomeyouare yourselfthecause; -skipan,f. spontaneousorder; -vili,m. free-will;at-vilja, ofone’sownfree-will; -viljandi,pr.p., -viljugr,a. withone’sownfree-will; -virðing, f. self-opinion, self-conceit. sjá-ligr, a. sightly, handsome. sjá-lægr,a. lyingonthesea,offog; -maðkr, m. sea-worm. sjár, sjór or sær (gen. sjávar, sjóvar, sævar),m. thesea (varðsjárinn ókyrr mjök; róa út á sjá).

sjá-roka,f. sea-spray; -róðr,m. rowingouttosea (-róðrarskip); -tún,n. seaside-town. sjávar-afli,m. sea-fishery,catchof fish; -djúp,n. deepofthesea; -gata,f.

wayfromortothesea; -hamarr,m. seacrag; -háski,m. dangeratsea; -höll,f. agreathallatthesea-side; -lopt,n. a housebuiltoverthesea; -ríki,n. kingdom ofthesea; -stjarna,f. thestarofthesea (theVirginMary); -strönd,f. sea-shore. sjá-vegr,m.=sjóvegr; -verkr,m. sea-sickness.

sjó-barinn,pp. sea-beaten; -blíða,f. smoothsea; -borg,f. sea-town; -brattr, a. steeptowardsthesea; -bygð,f. sea-district.

sjóða (sýð; sauð, suðum; soðinn),v. (1) toboil,cook (s.mat,slátr,egg);(2) to forge (iron);(3)fig. tobrood(tarry)over (s. e-t fyrir sér).

sjó-dauðr, a. drowned at sea. sjóð-feldr, a. lucrative, profitable. sjóðr (gen. sjóðs),m. money-bag, purse (sjám,hvatvegis.sá,erekhefi hér);eigaeinnsjóð, tohaveacommon purse (þeirÚlfráttueinnsjóðbáðir);berae-nísjóð or sjóði, tocarryapersonin one ’spurse,totakecompensationinstead ofrevenge (Þorsteinnhvítikvazteigivilja bera Þorgils son sinn í sjóði).

sjó-drif,n. spoondrift; -dýr,n. sea-animal; -fang, n. catch of fish. sjófar-, gen. from ‘sjór’, see ‘sjóvar’. sjó-ferð,f. sea-voyage; -fiskr,m. seafish; -fugl,m. sea-fowl; -fœrr,a.(1) sea-worthy (skip-fœrt);(2)er-fœrt, one canbeonthesea (hannreriásjóhvern dag,er-fœrtvar); -gýgr,f. mermaid; -illska,f. roughsea; -jökull,m. hummockoffrozensea-water; -kona,f. mermaid; -kvikendi,n. seaanimal; -kyrr, a. calm; -maðr,m. seaman,sailor; -mál, n. flood-mark,high-water-line; -myrkr, n. darkness at sea. sjón,f.(1) sight,eyesight (heyrnoks.);

s.ersöguríkri, sightgoesbeforehearsay; varþeims.söguríkriumferðirKnúts, theyhadocularproofof;missasjónarat auganu, tolosethesightoftheeye;(2) look;sundrstökksúlafyrirs.jötuns, the pillarflewasunderatthelookofthegiant; (3)esp.inplur. theeyes (sáhónfránar sjónirfylkisliðnar);svartermérfyrir sjónum, myeyesgrowdim;leiðae-n sjónum, tofixone’seyesuponaperson (fornjötunnsjónumleiddisinnandskota).

sjónar-váttr,m. eye-witness; -vitni, -vætti,n. thetestimonyofaneye-witness; -vörðr, m. look-out man. sjón-hagr, -hannr or -hannarr,a. havinganexpert,artisticeye; -hending, f. lineofsight,straightline (þeirnámu -hendingórMúlaíIngjaldsgnúp); -henni,f. sharpnessofeyesight; -hverfiligr, a. eye-deceiving; -hverfing,f. ocular delusion,producedbyspells(gøra -hverfingarímótie-m;verðafyrir -hverfingum); -lauss,a. blinf; -leysi,n. blindness. sjór (gen. sjóvar, sjófar),m. thesea; vera á sjó, to be out fishing. sjó-reitr,m.=mið; -roka,f. spindrift,spoondrift; -skrimsl,n. sea-monster; -sótt,f. sea-sickness; -tún,n.= sjátún; -verkr, m. = sjáverkr. sjúga, v., see ‘súga’. sjúk-dómr,m., -leiki, -leikr,m. sickness, illness; -ligr, a. sickly. sjúkna (að), v. to become ill. sjúknaðr, m. illness, disease. sjúkr,a. sick,ill;liggjas., toliesick;(2) anxious, distressed. sjöt,n.pl.(1) abode,home;ragnas., the seatofthegods,theheavens;(2) company, host.

sjötlast (að),v.refl. tosubside,settle (er úfriðr tók at s.).

sjötull,m. settler;dólgss., ‘strife-settler’, Frodi’s quern of peace. skaða (að),v.impers.,e-nskaðarekki, it does one no harm or damage. skaða-bœtr,f.pl. indemnity,compensation; -ferð,f. disastrousjourney; -lauss,a. scatheless; -ligr,a.=skaðligr; -maðr,m. killer,slayer (verða-maðre-s); -samligr, -samr, a. injurious, hurtful. skaði,m.(1) scathe,harm,damage (gørae-mskaða);verðafyrirsköðum, to sufferlosses;(2) loss inaperson;þótti hennimikills.eptirmannsinn, shefelt shehadagreatlossinherhusband;(3) death,=bani;veitae-mskaða, toslay, kill;verðae-matskaða, tobethedeathof one.

skað-lauss,a. unscathed; -laust,adv. withoutloss; -samligr,a. hurtful,noxious; -samr,a. doingharm,noxious; -semd,f. harm; -vænliga,adv. perniciously; -vænligr,a. pernicious; -vænn, a. destructive, baleful.

skafa (skef; skóf, skófum; skafinn),v.(1) toscrape withabluntinstrument;s.e-taf, toscrapeoff;impers., þathefireik,erafannarrisjefr, onetree takeswhatisscrapedfromanother;(2) to shavesoastomakesmooth (hannskefr spjót-skeptiáhallargólfinu);(3)s.nagl sinn, topareone’snail;fig.,s.atfastliga, topresshard;(4) toshave (þeirhöfðulátit s. krúnur).

skafa, f. scraper (cf. ‘hornskafa’).

skaf-heið,f. clearsky (-heiðvaroksólskin).

skafl,m.(1) steepsnow-drift;(2) topplingsea;(3)beygjaskaflinn, tomakea wry mouth, of one crying.

skaga (-ða),v. tojutout (skögðutvær tennr fram ór hausnum).

skagi, m. low cape or ness.

skak,n. scolding (gafSverrirþeimmikit s. fyrir).

skaka (skek; skók, skókum; skekinn),v. toshake (björninnsettist uppokskókhöfuðit);s.sverð, tobrandish a sword.

skakka (að),v.,s.meðmönnum, to aidoneagainsttheother (Þorgeirrog Þorgilssóttustlengi,sváatengiskakkaði með þeim).

skakki,m. disproportion,disparity,odd amount (þannskakka,erþarerámilli, man ek bœta).

skakkr,a.(1) skew,wry;(2) unequal, unjust (skökk gørð).

skakkr,m. wryposition;skjótaaugunum í skakk, to look awry.

skall,n.(1) noise;(2)pl.sköll, mocking, derision (gera sköll at e-m).

skallat, n. scarlet; see ‘skarlat’.

skalli,m. abaldhead (settistmý margt á skalla honum).

skamma (að),v.(1) toshame,disgrace (þámenn,ervinivárahafadrepitok skammat);(2)refl.,skammaste-s, tobe ashamedofathing (skúaokbrókaskammiskengimaðr);s.sin, toblush;withinfin.,skammastatgerae-t, tobeashamed to do a thing.

skammar-erendi,n. shamefulerrand; -víg,n. shamefulmanslaughter,= níðingsvíg.

skamm-bragðs,adv. shortly,soon; -degi,n. theshortwinter-days; -fótr,a. short-footed, a nickname.

skamm-fulleikr,m.=-fylli; -fulligr,a. ashamed,bashful; -fyllast (see fylla),v.refl. tobeashamed; -fylli,f.

shame,blushing; -fylling,f. bashfulness; -fœra (-ða, -ðr), v. to spoil, injure.

skamm-háls,m. short-neck,anickname; -hendr,a. short-handed; -hygginn,a.=-sýnn; -höndungr,m. shorthand, a nickname.

skamm-lauss,a.(1) shameless,without shame;ætlaek,atþúsér-laussafþessu, itisnoshametothee;(2)neut.,-laust, not disgraceful (honumvar-laustathlítakonungs dómi).

skamm-leitr,a. short-faced; -lífi,n. thefactofbeingshort-lived; -lífr,a. short-lived; -minnigr,a. shortofmemory; -mæli, n. brevity (in expression).

skamm-nøktr, a. shamefully naked. skammr,a.(1) short (varsúleiðin skemmri);látae-nhöfðiskemmri, to makeoneshorterbythehead,tobehead; neut.,skammt, ashortway,shortdistance (hannbjóskammtfráSkallagrími);(2) oftime, short,brief;skammahríð,stund, butashortwhile;eigaskammtúlifat, to havebutashorttimetolive;hannkvað skammttilþess, hesaiditwouldbesoon; skammtfráþessu, ashortwhileafterthis; (3)adverbially,skömmu,skemmstu, lately,verylately,recently,veryrecently, =fyrirskömmu,skemmstu;skömmum, notlong (sathannskömmumviðdrykk); skemmrum, forashortertime (atlandit mundiverðaskemmrumbiskupslaust,ef tveirværibiskuparnir);semskemmst, as short a while as possible. skamm-rif, n. pl. the short ribs. skammrifja-mikill, a. stout. skammrif-stykki,n. apieceofmeat from the short-ribs. skamm-rækr,a. havingashortmemory for revenge. skamm-samliga,adv. shamefully;

-samligr, a. shameful, disgraceful.

skamm-skeptr,pp. short-shafed; -sýni,f. short-sightedness; -sýniligr, -sýnn,a. short-sighted,foolish; -sætr,a. shortofstay; -talaðr,pp. short-spoken; -vaxinn,pp. shortofgrowth; -víss,a. =-sýnn; -æð,f. shortduration; -æligr, a. short-lived,fleeting,brief (-æliggleði); -ær, a. short-lived, of short duration. skamtaðar-erendi,n.=skapnaðarerendi (at hann hefir -erindi).

skapa-dœgr,n. one’sfatedday (hón kvað engan komast yfir -dœgr sitt).

skapan,f.(1) shape,form (fríðratallri s.); (2) creation. skap-arfi, m. a right or lawful heir. skapari, m. the Maker, Creator. skap-bráðr,a. hot-tempered;e-m verðr -brátt, one loses his temper. skap-bœtendr,m.pl. personslegally bound to pay weregild.

skap-bœtir,m. improverofone’sdisposition (þatvarmælt,athannværiengi -bœtir Hallgerði).

skap-dauði,a. fitorpropertodie (hann er -dauði).

skap-deild, f. good nature. skapdeildar-maðr,m. masterofone’s temper (hann var lítill -maðr).

skap-farinn,pp. disposed,tempered (= skapifarinn); -fátt,a.n.,e-mverðr -fátt, oneloseshistemper; -feldr,a. to one’smind,agreeable; -felligr,a.=-feldr;-felligríandliti, well-shapeninface,

skamtr, m. share, portion. skap,n.(1) state,condition;atþví skapi, inthesameproportion;héltþatvel skapi,meðanhónlifði, itkeptagoodstate whilstshelived;(2) conditionofmind, temper,mood;þaterekkimitts., itisnot myturnofmind;vera(með)illuskapi, to beinanangrymood;bregðaskapiviðet,rennae-mís., totaketoheart,bemuch affectedby (rannhonummjökís.sáatburðr);komaskapiviðe-n, toagreewith, hetonwith (engikannviðmikskapikoma);komaskapi(eigas.)saman, tohave mindsalike (þiteigitmeirrs.saman); hafaekkis.tile-s, tohavenomindtodo athing;hógværrískapi, mildoftemper; lítillískapi, ofsmallmind,faint-hearted; gerasére-tís., totakeintoone’shead;verae-m(vel)atskapi,veranærskapie-s, tobetoone’smind;e-tfellre-mvelís., onelikes,ispleasedwith;gerae-ttilskaps e-m, to do a thing to please one. skapa (að;pret.also skóp),v.(1) to shape,form,mould,make (órYmisholdi varjörðsköpuð); tocreate (guð,ermik skóp);s.skegg, totrimthebeard;s.skeið, totakearun (þettadýrskapaðiskeiðat oss);s.okskerae-t, or ume-t, todecide, settle (ekskaleinnskeraoks.okkará milli);(2) toassignasone’sfateordestiny (ekskapahonumþat,athannskaleigilifalengrenkertiþatbrenner);s.e-maldr, tofashionone’sfuturelife;syniþínum verðr-asælasköpuð, blissisnotfatedto thyson;(3) tofix,appoint (hafþáeina fémuni,erekskapaþér);s.e-mvíti, to imposeafineorpenalty;atsköpuðu, in theorderofnature,accordingtothecourse ofnature (væriþatatsköpuðufyriraldrs sakir,atþúlifðirlengrokkar);látaskeika atsköpuðu, toletthingsgotheirown course(accordingtofate);látaskapat skera, toletfatedecide;(4)refl.,skapast, totakeshape;freista,hvéþáskapist, try howthingswillgothen;Ámundikvaðjarl úáhlýðinnokmunlíttats., A.saidthe earlwasself-willed,andlittlewillcomeof it.

skap-ker S skara

agreeable; -ferð,f., -ferði,n., -ferli, n. dispositionofmind,temper,character; -glíkr,a. alikeincharacterortemper; -góðr,a. good-natured,good-tempered; e-mer-gott, oneisingoodspirits; -gœði, n. goodnature; -gœfr,a. gentleofmood; -harðr,a. harshofmood,severe; -heimskr,a. foolish; -hœgr,a. meek,gentle,= hœgrískapi; -höfn,f.,esp.inpl. sentiments,disposition,temper; -illr,a. illtempered; -illska,f. evil-mindedness (í reiðlyndi ok skapillsku).

skap-ker,n. largevessel (fromwhich the cups were filled).

skap-léttr,a. light-minded,cheerful; konungivar-létt, thekingwasinhigh spirits.

skap-liga,adv. duly,fitly; -ligr,a. due,fit,suitable (H.kvaddikonung virðuliga, sem -ligt var).

skap-líkr,a.=-glíkr; -lundaðr,a.= -farinn(allramannagrimmastrokverst -lundaðr); -lyndi,n. mind,temper,disposition;veravið-lyndie-s, tobetoone’s mind (slíkterekkivið-lyndiÞorsteins); -lýzka,f.=-lyndi; -löstr,m. faultof character; -mikill, a. proud of mind.

skapnaðar-erendi,n. suchresultofan errandasonedeservedtohave; -virðing, f. due honour.

skaps-andmarki,m. faultoftemperor mind; -höfn,f. mind,disposition,temper, = skaphöfn.

skap-skipan,f. changeofmind (taka -skipan); -skipti, n. = -skipan.

skaps-munir, m. pl. = skaplyndi.

skap-stirðr,a. haughty; -stórr,a. proud-minded,=-mikill; -styggr,a. irritable, excited.

skapt,n.(1) shaft,missile;skjótaskapti ímótie-m, toshootashaftagainst,to withstand;(2) handle,haft,ofanaxe, hammer; shaft,pole ofaspear(cf. hamarskapt,øxarskapt,spjótskapt);(3)a shaft-shapedthing,e.g. acomet’stail,the beaminaweaver’sloom,apeakonahelmet.

skapt-hár,a. ‘shaft-high’,abovethe horizon, of the sun.

skap-tíðr,a. toone’smind,agreeable (láta sér e-t -títt).

skapt-ker,n.=skapker; -kringla,f. whipping-top (eptirþatsneristhanná hælisem-kringla); -lauss,a. withouta shaft (spjót -laust).

skap-tré or skapt-tré, n. (?).

skap-vandr,a. difficultoftemper; -vani,a. lackingintemper; -varr,a. wary of temper, discreet. skap-þiggjandi,m. alawfulreceiverof weregild,opp.to‘skapbœtandi’; -þing, n. ordinary assembly.

skap-þungt,a.n. depressedinspirit (em er -þungt).

skara (að),v.(1) topoke,rake;s.eld, topokethefire;withdat.,þeiriösku sköruðuþeirallriút, theyrakedallthe

skapnaðr, m. what is due, propriety. skap-prúðr,a. well-disposed,generous; -raun,f. trialofone’stemper,vexation, annoyance;ferrsváummörgmál,þótt mennhafiskapraunaf, althoughtheytry men’stempers; -rauna (að),v. toannoy, provoke,withdat.(erþérfremdengiat -raunagömlummanni);impers.,honum -raunaði mjök, he was much vexed. skapraunar-laust,a.n. withouttryingone’stemper (optríðrhannhérum garð,okerméreigi-laust); -minna,a. compar. lessoffensive; -orð,n.pl. temper-tryingwords; -samliga,adv. inaprovoking manner (svara e-m -samliga).

ashesout;hannskaraðitilspjótskaptinu, hepokedwiththespear-shaft;(2) tosetor coverclosely;skipskaratskjöldum, aship set with shields from stem to stern.

skar-band, n. ‘head-ribbon’, fillet. skarð,n.(1) notch,hack,intheedgeof athing(skörðvórufallinísverðit);s.í vörr, ahare-lip;(2) emptyspace,breach, gap (höggvas.íætte-s);(3) mountain pass.

skarðr,a. diminished,impaired;inn skarðimáni, thewaningmoon;hafa,bera skarðanhlutfyrire-m, tobeworsted (wronged)byone;sitjaof(um,yfir) skörðumhlutfyrire-m, tosufferinjury from one.

skarfr (-s, -ar), m. cormorant.

skari, m. host, troop.

skark, n., skarkali, m. noise, tumult.

skark-samligr, a. tumultuous. skarlaks-kyrtill, m. scarlet kirtle. skarlat or skallart, n. scarlet. skarlats-klæði,n.pl., -kyrtill,m., -möttull,m., -skikkja,f. scarlet clothes, s. kirtle, s. mantle, s. cloak. skarn, n. dung (aka skarni á hóla).

skarp-eggr,a. keen-edged; -leitr,a. sharp-featured; -liga,adv. sharply (sœkja at -liga).

skarpr,a.(1) scorched,pinched from dryness;meðskörpumreipum, withhard ropes;s.belgr, ashrivelledskin;s.fiskr, dried(hard)fish;(2) barren (landiter skarptoklítitmatland);(3) sharp,vehement,bitter (skörpdeila);takaskarparaá, topullsharper;(4) tight,strong (skarpar álarþóttuþérSkrýmisvera);(5) keen, sharp, of a weapon (skörp sverð).

skarp-vara,f. driedfish; -vaxinn,pp. gaunt and bony.

skarr, n. skirmish, tumult.

skars or skass, n. ogress, giantess. skarsl, n. the snuff of a candle. skart, n. show, finery (búa sik í s.).

skarta (að), v. to make great show. skartari, m. a vain boaster. skart-samliga,adv. withgreatdisplay (búinn-samliga); -samligr,a. showy; -samr, a. fond of show. skarts-kona,f., -maðr,m. womanor man given to vain display. skata, f. skate (fish).

skati (pl. skatar or skatnar,gen. skatna), m. man (poet.).

skatta (að),v. tomaketributary,lay atributeon (konungrskattaðilandithit efra sem hit ýtra).

skatta-heimta, f. tax-gathering. skatt-bóndi,m. afranklinwhohasto paytax; -fé,n. tributemoney; -gilda (-lda, -ldr),v. tolaytributeon,=skatta; -gildi,n. paymentoftribute; -gildr,a. tributary; -gjald,n.=-gildi; -gjöf,f. whatisgivenastribute; -heimta,f. taxgathering.

skattheimtu-maðr, m. tax-gatherer. skatt-jarl,m. ‘tributaryearl’,vassal; -konungr, vassalking; -land,n. tributaryland,dependency; -peningr,m. tribute money.

skattr (-s, -ar),m.(1) tribute,tax (leggjaskattáland;greiða,gjalda,e-m skatt); (2) treasure. skatt-taka, f. = -heimta. skatt-yrðast,v.refl. tobandywords (við e-n); -yrði, n. pl. foul language. skauð,f.(1) poltroon (þúerts.at meiri); (2) pl. a horse’s sheath. skauð-menni, n. poltroon. skauf, n. a fox’s brush. skauf-hali, m. Reynard the Fox. skaup,n. mockery,ridicule;hafaat

skaupi, to mock, scoff at. skaut,n.(1) corner ofasquarecloth (hannvarborinnífjórumskautumtil búðar);feldrfimmalnaís., acloakfive ellssquare;oftheheaven(þeirgerðuþar afhiminoksettuhannuppyfirjörðina meðfjórumskautum);(2) cornerofasail orsheet;byrrbeggjaskauta, afairwind (rightastern);fig.,hannmunverðayðr þungrískauti, hardtodealwith;(3) flap, skirtofacloak (hónhafðiyfirsikskallatsskikkjuhlaðbúnaís.niðr);(4) lap (sitja, liggjaískautie-s);(5) asquarepieceof cloth,kerchief (mennbáruþáhlutisínaí s., ok tók jarlinn upp); (6) a lady’s hood. skaut-feldr,m., -hekla,f. acloak,or frock, with skirts.

skauti, m. kerchief. skaut-toga (að),v. totugattheskirtof one ’ s cloak, to handle roughly. skáðr, pp. oblique (á skáðum veg).

skái,m. relief,improvement (varðengi s. á hans meini).

skák-maðr,m.(1) chessman;(2) robber, highwayman; -tafl,n. gameofchess, chess-board.

skál (pl. -ir or -ar),f.(1) bowl (s.full mjaðar);(2) scale,esp.pl., scales (bað hann taka skálir ok vega gullit).

skála-búi,m. dwellerina ‘skáli’; -búnaðr,m. hangingsofa ‘skáli’; -dyrr, f.pl. thedoorwayofa ‘skáli’; -endi,m. endofa ‘skáli’; -gluggr,m. windowofa ‘skáli’; -gólf,n. floorofa ‘skáli’; -hurð, f. door of a ‘skáli’.

skála-merki,n. theconstellationLibra (gengr sól fyr -merki).

skála-smíð,f. thebuildinga ‘skáli’; -topt,f. thesiteofa(former) ‘skáli’; -veggr,m. side-wallofa ‘skáli’; -viðr, m. timber for a ‘skáli’.

skáld,n. scald,poet; -fífl,n. poetaster; -kona,f. poetess; -ligr,a. poetical; -maðr,m. poet; -mær,f. poetess; -pípa, f. a kind of flute. skáldskapar-háttr,m. poeticalmetre; -mál, n. pl. poetical diction. skáld-skapr,m.(1) ‘scaldship’,poetry; (2) libel in verse. skál-hús, n. privy. skáli,m.(1) hut,shed (putupfortemporaryuse);(2) hall,room (cf.‘drykkju-, elda-,for-,kvenna-skáli’),esp. sleepinghall.

skálk-heiðr, m. fraud, mockery. skálkr (-s, -ar),m.(1) servant;(2) rogue (ljúga sem skálkr).

skálm (pl. -ir),f.(1) prong (tókhann birkiraptokreiddiumöxl,sváathann héltumskálmirnar);(2) beanpod (baunaskálmir); (3) short sword. skálmar-oddr, m. point of a sword. skálmast (að), v. refl. to stride. skálm-öld, f. age of swords. skálpr (-s, -ar), m. scabbard, sheath. skán, f. a thin membrane, film. skári,a.compar., skástr,superl., better,best;þatmunþérráðskást, itwill be most advisable for thee. skári, m. young sea-mew. skeðja (skeð, skadda, skaddr),v. to doscatheto,hurt,damage,withdat.(s.lífie-s);ekskaddaklæðumhans, Ispoiled hisclothes;axivarskatt, oneearofcorn wasdamaged;withacc.,þærþoraekki mýss s., they dare not do harm to mice. skefinn, a. skilled in arms (?). skegg, n. beard (honum. óx eigi s.). skegg-barn,n. beardedchild (aname giventoamanbyagiant); -broddar,m. pl. bristlesofthebeard; -hvítr,a. whitebearded.

skeggi (pl. skeggjar),m. man,in compds., eyjar-skeggjar, islanders. skeggja, f. a kind of halberd (poet.).

skeggjaðr, pp. bearded. skegg-lauss,a. beardless; -maðr,m. beardedman; -síðr,a. long-bearded; -staðr,m. thebeardedpartoftheface; -øx,f.=skeggja; -öld,f. ageofaxes (skeggöld, skálmöld); cf. ‘skeggja’. skeið (pl. -ir),f.(1) war-ship,galley (snekkjurokskeiðir);(2) aweaver ’sreed, sley;(3)pl. sheath (tókhannknífsinnór skeiðum).

skeið,n.(1) race,run;rennas.viðen, torunaracewithone;ríðaás., to rideatfullspeed;hlaupaás., tosetoff running (hannkastarniðrverkfœrumok hleyprás.heimtilbœjar);gera(or renna)s.ate-u, tomakearunatathing;skapa(or skopa)s., totakearun;takae-t áskeiði, tocatchitonthemove (G.tók knöttinnáskeiði);(2) race-course (varþar gotts.atrennaeptirsléttumvelli);(3) apieceofway;skammt,langts., ashort, longway;(4) spaceoftime (þatvareitts., at);nökkuts., forsometime (Njállþagnaðinökkuts.);ums., forawhile;annats., afterawhile,everynowandthen (hannhafðiniðriaðrahöndinaatjörðu okbregðrhenniannats.atnösum);vera áœskuskeiði,áléttastaskeiðialdrs, tobe intheprimeoflife;veraafœskuskeiði, to be no longer a young man. skeiða (að), v. to sheath (s. sverð).

skeiðar-kylfa,f., -kylfi,n. somepart of a war-galley (skeið).

skeið-gata,f. goodway (torideon); -reitt,a.n. goodcourseforriding (höfðu þeir Kolbeinn skeiðreitt eptir stígnum).

skeiðs-endi,m. endofacourse,goal (hann snýst aptr at -enda).

skeifa, f. horseshoe. skeif-liga, adv. awkwardly. skeifr,a. oblique,awry;komaskeift við, to go crookedly. skeika (að),v. togoaskew,swerve,go wrong (þarskeikaðimjökstjórnin);(láta) skeikaatsköpuðu, to(letthings)goaccording to fate.

skeina (-da, -dr),v. toscratch,wound slightly (hefirþúskeintþik?hannsvarar: ekkiemekskeindr);refl.,skeinast, toget a scratch, a slight wound. skeina,f. scratch,slightwound (kallaek þetta skeinu ok ekki sár).

skeini-samt,a.n. exposedtobeing wounded (verðr honum þá -samt).

skeinu-hættr, -samr,a. likely(apt) to wound (sverðit verðr þeim -hætt).

skekill (pl. skeklar),m. shankofa hide; cf. ‘eyjar-, land-skekill’.

skel (gen. -jar, pl. -jar), f. shell. skel-eggliga,adv. briskly,vehemently; -eggr,a. shell-edged,keen-edged;fig. brisk, vehement.

skelfa (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) tomaketo shake,brandish (s.sverð,lind,ask);(2) to maketotremblewithfear,frighten;s.e-n afe-u, todeter;(3)refl.,skelfast, tofear (s. e-t or við e-t).

skelfir, m. shaker, frightener. skel-fiskr, m. shell-fish. skelfr, a. trembling, shaky. skelgja (-ða), v. to make squint. skelkja (-ta, -t),v. tomock (þeir skelktu at líkneskinu).

skelkr,m. fright,fear;e-m,skýtrskelk íbringu, oneisseizedwithfear (væntiek, at yðr skjóti skelk í bringu).

skella (-da, -dr),v.(1) tomaketo slam,clash,withdat.;s.aptrhurðu, to slamthedoor;s.lófumsaman, toclapthe

hands;s.hrömmumyfir, toclutch;s.euniðr, tothrowdownwithaclash;(2) to strike,smite;þærskellduskipmitt, they shatteredmyship;s.afhonumhöndina, tocutoffhishand;s.fótundan, tosmite offthefoot;(3)s.áe-n, toscoldone;(4)s. uppokhlæja, toburstoutlaughing (Grímr skelldi upp ok hló).

skella, f. rattle (for scaring horses). skelli-hlátr,m. roaringlaughter; -hurð,f. acertaindoor(thatslamsofitself) in a farm-house. skellr (pl. -ir),m.(1) clash,splash;(2) slap, blow (sá hlaut skellinn, er skyldi). skelmi-ligr, a. devilish. skelmir, m. rogue, devil. skelmis-drep, n. plague, murrain. skelmi-skapr, m. devilry. skelpa, f. wry face (gera skelpur).

ske-maðr, m. = skímaðr. skemd,f.(1) injury (þolaskemdirafem); (2) shame, disgrace. skemdar-auki,m. shame,disgrace; -fullr,a. disgraceful; -lauss,a. without disgrace; -maðr,m. villain; -orð,n. villainousword; -verk,n. villainousdeed; -víg, n. villainous slaughter. skemill, m. foot-stool. skemma (-da, -dr),v.(1) toputto shame;(2) toshorten,makeshorter;dagr, nóttskemmist, theday,nightshortens; (3) todamage,spoil (s.vápnmanna);vera skemmdr, to be hurt. skemma,f. asmalldetachedbuilding,lady’s bower; storehouse. skemmi-liga,adv. shamefully; -ligr, a. shameful. skemmr,adv.compar., skemst,superl. shorter,shortest;oftime(hannlifði skemstþeirrabrœðra);lengreða skemmr, foralongerorshortertime,for

alongorshortwhile (hirðiekaldrihvárt þúverrþiklengreðaskemmr);kvaðst þökkkunna,athannværiþarlengren skemmr, the longer the better. skemmu-búr,n. lady’sbower; -dyrr,f. pl. doorwayofa ‘skemma’; -gluggr,m. windowofa ‘skemma’; -hurð,f. doorof a ‘skemma’; -mær,f. lady’smaid; -seta, f. sittingina ‘skemma’; -veggr,m. sidewallofa ‘skemma’; -vist,f. stayingina ‘skemma’.

skemta (-ta, -t,rarely að),v. to amuse,entertain,withdat.;s.sér, to amuseoneself (vérerumkátirokskemtumoss);skemtuþeirhonumfráferðum sínum, theyentertainedhimbytellingof theirjourneys;esp. toentertainatmeetingsorfestivals (withstory-tellingor songs);fráþvíernökkutsagt,hverju skemtvar, whattheentertainmentwas; fekkþettakvæðigóðanróm,þóttiokvel skemt, anditwasthoughttobeagoodentertainment.

skemtan,f. entertainment,amusement, pastime (hvaters.einherjannaþáerþeir drekkaeigi?);hafas.afe-u, toamuseoneself with a thing. skemtanar-dagr,m. dayofenjoyment; -ganga,f. pleasure-walk,promenade; -rœða,f. entertainingtalk,chat; -samligr, a. amusing. skemti-liga,adv. amusingly,pleasantly (hannsegirvelfráok-liga); -ligr,a. amusing,pleasant,interesting,entertaining (þóttiKjartani-ligtattalalöngumvið hana).

skenking (pl. -ar),f. theservingof drink at table. skenkja (-ta, -tr),v.(1)withdat. to servewithdrink (fjórirmennskenktu konum);(2) topourout,serve (drink), to

one (s. e-m mjöð).

skenkjari, m. cup-bearer. skenkr,m. adrinktobeservedata meal (kom skenkr í stofuna).

skepja (skapta, skaptr,neut. skapit),v.=skapa;(1) toshape,form, fashion,create (sámaðr,erguðskapti fyrstaníheimþenna);(2) todevise,procure (konungrsagði,atÞ.hafðiþarsjálfr sér laun fyrir skapit).

skepna,f.(1) shape,form (varsíðan hverrhennarlimrliðrmeðréttriskepnu); (2) a created thing, creature.

skepnu-dagr, m. day of creation. skepta (-pta, -ptr),v. tofurnishwith ashaft,makeashaftto (s.geira,spjót,örvar).

skepti,n.(1) shaft,handle (varskeptit langtatspjótinu);(2) javelin,=skeptifletta.

skepti-fletta,f.akind ofjavelin; -amiðr, m. shaft-maker. sker (gen.pl. skezja),n. rockinthe sea, skerry (sigla milli skers ok báru).

skera (sker; skar, skárum; skorinn),v.(1) tocut (þeirskáruböndin); s.e-náháls, tocutone’sthroat (Karkr þrællskarhannáháls);s.útór, tocut rightthrough;(2) toslaughter (s.sauði, kálf,kið,dilk,geldinga);(3) toshape,cut (hannskarhárhansoknegl);(4) tocut, mow,reap (s.akr);(5) tocarve,cutout (á brúðumstólsinsvarskorinnÞórr,okvar þatlíkneskimikit);(6)s.e-mhöfuð, to makefacesatone;skapaoks., tohaveall thesayinamatter;látaskapats., tolet fatedecide;(7)withpreps.andadvs.,s. e-taf, tocutoff;s.afmanni, tobereservedorreticent;skeralíttafmanni, to speakone’smind;s.niðrkvikfé, toslaughterthelivestock (forwantoffodder);

s.óre-u, todecide,settle (s.órvandamálum);núerþatvilivárr,ateinnveg skeriór, thatthecasebesettled;s.upp herör,þingboð, todispatchawar-arrow, gathering-stick;s.uppakr, toreapafield; (8)refl.,skerast, tostretch,branch,ofa fjord,valley;fjörðrskarstlangtinnílandit, stretchedfarintotheland;höfðarnir skárustávíxl, theheadlandsstretched across,overlappedoneanother;s.ísetgeira-brœkr, toputonamzn’sbreeches; efnökkutskerstí, ifanythinghappens; skarstalltíoddameðþeim,þatsemvið bar, theyfellatoddsabouteverythingthat happened;s.óre-umáli, towithdraw (shrink)fromacause (ganginúallirtil mínoksverieiða,atengiskeristórþessu máli);s.undane-u, torefuse,declinedoingathing (munlokitokkrumsamförum, efþúskerstundanförinni);s.undan, to hangback (Þeirfýstuhannatsættast,en hann skarst undan).

skerða (-rða, -rðr), v. to diminish. sker-garðr,m. abeltofrocksinthe sea; -gipr, m. a kind of bird. skerjóttr, a. full of skerries. skermsl,n.pl. astretch of, ruggedbarren ground. sker-nár,m. apersonlefttodieona skerry. skerpa,f. sharpness;meðfyrstuskerpu, in the first access or onslaught. skerpingr,m. sharpeffort (róaundaní skerpingi).

skessa, f. giantess, witch. skessi-ligr, a. monstrous. skeypa (-ta, -t), v.tomock (menn skeypa at honum ok hæja).

skeypi-liga, adv. mockingly. skeyta (-tta, -ttr),v.(1) totransfer, conveyapieceoflandtoanother (s.e-m

jörð,s.jarðirtilkirkju);(2)veraundirenskyldrokskeyttr, tobebound,subject toone;(3)s.e-mforvitni, tosatisfyone’s curiosity;(4)s.e-tsaman, tojointogether;(5)s.ume-t, tocarefor,troubleoneself about (þeir skeyttu ekki um þá).

skeyti, n. shaft, missile, arrow. skikka (að),v. toorder,setinorderorder, ordain (rare).

skikkja, f. cloak, mantle. skikkja (-ta, -t),v. toputonacloak;s. sik, to cloak oneself. skikkju-bönd,n.pl. mantle-straps; -lauss,a. cloakless; -rakki,m. lapdog; -skaut, n. lap of a cloak. skil,n.pl.(1) distinction;heyra,nema orðas., tobeabletomakeoutwords; mennsávarlahanda(fingra)sinnas., theycouldhardlyseetheirownhands(fingers);(2) discernment,knowledge;kunna, vitagóðs.áe-u, tobewellinformedof, havegoodknowledgeof;kunnas.rúna, to knowhowtoreadrunes;(3) adjustment; fœramáltilskila, toputacaseright;gera s.áe-u, toperform,discharge (mérþykkir úsýnt,hvers.ekgeriáyðruerendi); verðaatlitlumskilum, tobeoflittleaccount,cometonought;komae-utilskila, toputinorder;e-tkemrtilskila, isduly delivered,comestohand (hannsendikonunginumhest,okkomsáveltilskila); sváatallírhefðigóðs., sothatallshould havetheirdue;hannhafðienganerfingja þanners.væriat, hehadnotrustyheir; (4) pleading (öll jögmælt s.).

skila (að),v.(1) toexpound,givereason for,explain (vildaek,atþúskilðirþessa rœðu);(2) todecide;þeiráttueigiumat s.málit, theyhadnottodecidethesuit;(3) s.e-uaptr, toreturnathing,bringback (hann skilaði aptr yxnunum).

skila-maðr, m. trustworthy man. skil-borinn,pp. torninwedlock,= -getinn; -dagi,m. condition,stipulation, terms;meðþeim-daga,at, oncondition that; -fenginn,pp. lawfullygot;-fengin kona, aweddedwife; -getinn,pp. lawfullybegotten,borninwedlock; -góðr,a. trustworthy,reliable,respectable (-góðr bóndi); -greiði, m. promptness. skilinn,a.(1) clear,distinct (skilin orð); (2) intelligent (s. til orða).

skilja (skil, skilda; skiliðr,later skildr, skilinn),v.(1) topart,divide, separate (súernúkölluðJökulsáokskirl landsfjórðunga);skilrhannflokksinn, he divideshisband;(2) tobreakoff,breakup (þessisóttmuns.samvistuokkra);síðan skilduþautalit, theybrokeofftheirtalk; (3) topartcompany,takeleave (skilduþeir meðmikillivináttu);(4)impers.;þarer leidir(acc.)skildi,þáskildiokslóðina, wheretheroadsparted,therethetracks tooparted;mundis.veguþeirra, their wayswoulddiverge;meðþessuskilrskipti þeirra, thusendedtheirdealings; itdiffers, mikit(acc.)skilrhamingjuokkra, thereis awidedifferencebetweenourfortunes;þá skilráume-t, theydisagreeaboutathing; efskrárskilrá, ifthescrollsdiffer;(5) to distinluish,discern,withtheeyes(númá ekþanneigisjáeðabiðamérfulltings, erekmáharmeigis.);withtheears, to hear (eruþeirhérsvá,atþeirmegis.mál mitt);(6) tounderstand,findout (þáþóttistÞórrs.hvatlátumverityhafðiofnóttina);(7) todecide,settle (skildikonungrerendiSighvatssvá,athonumlíkaði vel);(8) tosetapart,reserveforone (þóat konungrhafimérskiliteignirminareða landsvistíOrkneyjum);eigae-tskilit, to havereserved,stipulated (þatáttaekskilit

viðþik,at);s.sére-t, toreservetooneself (jarðirhafðihannhygtokskilitsérallarlandskyldir);s.e-tísætt, tolaydown, stipulate,inanagreement (þatvarskilit ísæt-várri,at);(9)withpreps.,s.e-t áviðe-n, tostipulate (þóvileks.ávið þikeinnhlut);s.e-teptir, toleavebehind;s.e-tfráe-u, toseparatefrom (hann skildisiksjálfrfráríkiokfóríklaustr); toexeinptfrom (hverrmaðrskyldigjaldakonungifimmaura,sáereigiværifrá þvískiliðr);s.fyrire-u, toformulate,dictate (s.fyrireiðstafinum);s.fyrirheiti, to formulate,pronounceavow;s.meðmönnum, topart,separate (nóttskildiþámeð þeim);impers.,skilrmeðþeim, theypart (eptirþettaskildimeðþeim);s.e-tísundr, topartasunder (hinirskilduísundr skipinokgerðuhliðímillumskipanna); s.e-ttil, tostipulate (vilekoktils.,at); s.e-tundan, toexcept,tomakeareservationfor (atundanskildum,heraðssektum);s.e-tundane-m, todepriveoneof; s.e-tundire-n, toleaveittoone (Njáll kvaðstþatviljas.undirHöskuld);s.e-n undirsætt, toincludeoneinanagreement (hversumargamennviltus.undirsættir okkar);s.undireið, tomakeanoathwith reservation;s.viðe-n, topartwith,put away;s.viðkonu,bónda, todivorceone’s wife,one’shusband;segjaskilitviðkonu, todeclareoneselfseparatedfrom;(10)refl.,skiljast, toseparate,breakup (skildist þáokriðlaðistfylkingin);s.viðe-n,et, topartfrom,forsake (hannkveðstaldri viðKáraskyldus.);recipr. topartcompany (skildustþeirmeðblíðskap,feðgar); impers.,e-mskilste-t, oneperceives,understands (núskaltuvita,hvártmérhafi skilizt);látasére-ts., toletoneselfbe convinced of (Björn lét sér þat eigi s.).

skiljan-ligr, a. intelligible, distinct. skillingr (-s,-ar),m.(1)pl. money (hónskellumhlautfyrskillinga);(2) shilling; shekel. skil-lítill,a. notverytrustworthy; -máli,m. agreement,condition,stipulation (með þeim. skilmála, at).

skilnaðr,m. separation,parting,divorce; at skilnaði, at parting. skilning,f.(1) separation;(2) discernment,understanding (fáskjótas.áe-u); (3) sense,meaning (s.orðanna);(4) view, opinion;veramá,atsvásé,enekhetihina s., but I am of the opposite opinion. skilningar-lauss,a. senseless,withoutunderstanding;-lausskepna, abrute; -maðr,m. sensiblenian; -vit,n. sense, intellect. skilningr, m. sense, meaning, opinion. skil-orð,n. condition,stipulation, terms; -rekki,n.=-ríki; -rekkr,a.= -ríkr; -ríki,n. proof,evidence (sýna-ríki tile-s); -ríkliga,adv.(1) honestly;(2) clearly,conclusively; -ríkr,a.(1) honest, upright;(2) trustworthy; -samligr,a. clear,evident; -vísligr,a. trustworthy; -víss,a. trustworthy (-víssmaðr); -vænn, a. = skil-víss; -yrði, n. = -orð. skima (að), v. to look all around. skimi, m. gleam of light. skin, n. sheen, shining (s. sólar). skingr, n. a kind of cloak. skininn,pp. bleached,withered (s. hross-hauss).

skinn, n. skin, fur. skinnari, m. skinner, tanner. skinna-vara, f. peltry, fur-ware. skinn-brœkr,f.pl. skinbreeks; -dreginn,pp. linedwithskin; -feldr, m. skincloak; -föt,n.pl., -hosa,f., -húfa,f. garments,hose,capmadeof

skin; -hvítr,a. white-skinned; -klæði, n.pl.=-föt; -kyrtill,m. skinkirtle; -lauss,a. skinless,skinned; -leikr,m.a kindof game; -ólpa,f., -rokkr,m. jacket, kirtle of skin.

skinns-litr,m. colouroftheskin,complexion (døkkr, hvítr á -lit).

skinn-stakkr,m. skincloak; -þaktr, pp. skin-thatched, skin-covered.

skip, n. ship (of any kind).

skipa (að),v.(1) toarrange,placeinorder,drawup,withdat.(Egillskipaðisvá mönnumþeim,ermerkitbáru);s.e-m fyrire-t or yfire-t, toputoneincharge of;s.e-mhjáe-m, toassignaseattoone besideanother (jarlinnskipaðiþeimhjá Gunnlaugi);fig. toexplain;s.draumi, to interpretadream;(2)withacc. totakeup, occupy;skipuðukonurpall, thewomen wereseatedonthe ‘pallr’;hannskipaði öndvegi, hehadhisplaceinthehigh-seat; toarrange,array,s.fylkingsína, todraw upone’slineofbattle;varskjöldumskipat allthúsitumveggina, thewallswereall hungwithshields;(3)s.e-me-t, toassign athingtoone (skipaðihannnúalltland sínumsýslumönnum);alsowithoutdat. (Geirmundrskiparjarðirsínarálaun); (4) toman (skipuðuþeirskipinsem bezt);ekskals.húskörlummínumannat skipit, Iwillmanoneofthemwithmy house-carles;(5)s.tile-s, toarrange,make readyfor (s.tilatlögu);s.tilbúasinna, toputone’shouseholdinorder;þómun eigiofskipattilánna, therewillnotbe toomanyramsfortheewes;(6) tochange; biðhann,atþitskipitmáldaga, askhim tochangethebargain;(7)reflex.,skipast, todrawup (genguþeirþáinnallirok skipuðustídyrrin);skipuðustmennþarí sæti, thementooktheirseats; toundergo

achange (marthefirskipaztíHaukadal, okvertuvarrumþik);s.ábetrileið, to changeforthebetter;s.viðe-t, toyield to,hemovedby (s.viðorð,fortölure-s); s.viðorðsendinge-s, toanswertoone’s call;þennakostgerðum,vérHákoni, skipaðisthannvelvið, hetookitingood part;impers.,varheititfyrirhennimörgu,okskipaðisthenniekkiviðr, ithadno effect.

skipa (að),v.,s.e-tupp, tounload (þeir tóku land ok skipuðu þar upp).

skipa-afli,m. navalforce; -búnaðr, m. thefittingoutofships,makingreadyfor sea; -búningr,m. thefittingoutofships, makingreadyforsea; -far,n. passageof vessels; -ferð,f.(1) sea-voyage;(2)=-far; -fjöldi,m. multitudeofships; -floti, m. afleetofships; -för,f.=-ferð; -gangr,m.=-ferð(2); -gørð,f. ship-building; -herr,m. navalforce; -kaup,n. tradingwithashipinharbour; -kostr, m. navalforce; -lauss,a. withoutships; -leið,f. waybysea; -leiði,n. wayby sea; -leiga,f. hireofaship; -lið,n. naval force; -lýðr,m. shipmen,seamen; -lægi, n. berth; -maðr, m. seaman, sailor. skipan,f.(1) order,arrangement;A. sagði,hvers.veraskyldifyrirliðihans, howhistroopsshouldbedrawnup;þessi vars.ágöngukonungstilkirkju, this wastheorderoftheroyalprocession;(2) manningofaship,crew;sexskipskipuð fullris., fullymanned: (3) place,berth,as oneofthecrew(hanntók,sérs.með þeimmanni,erÞórólfrhét);(4) dueorder,duecourse,disposition,arrangement (léthannupplesabréfums.ríkisins);(5) orders (þeirbeiddustskipunaratkonungi);(6) change;munhonum,þykkjagóð a.ákomin, hewillthinkthatgoodchange

skipanar-bréf

has taken place.

skipanar-bréf,n. writ; -brigð,n. trespass against an order.

skipa-orrusta,f. sea-fight; -reiði,m. a ship’s rigging.

skipari, m. seaman sailor.

skipa-saumr,m. ship-nails; -smiðr, m. shipwright; -smíð,f. ship-building; -stóll,m. supplyofships,fleet; -tollr, m. ship-tax.

skip-bátr,m. aship’sboat; -borð,n. a ship’sboard,gunwale; -brot,n.(1) shipwreck;veraí-broti, tobeshipwrecked;(2) pl. piecesofawreckedship (ætluðuþeirat gera sér skip ór -brotunum).

skipbrots-maðr,m. ashipwrecked person (sýna -manni, hvar höfn var).

skip-búinn,pp. readytosail; -búnaðr,m. aship’sfittings; -dráttr,m. ship-launching; -ferð,f. sea-voyage; -fjöl,f. aship’splank;stígaá-fjöl, to goonboard; -flak,n. wreck; -fœrr,a. navigableforaship (veðrhvasstokeigi -fœrt); -för,f. sailingvoyage (veraí -förum); -gengr,a. navigable; -gørð,f. ship-building; -herra,m. ship-master, captain; -hlutr,m. theship’sshareofa catch; -hræ,n. wreckofaship; -hræddr,a. afraidofthesea; -kaup,n. purchaseofaship; -kostr,m.=skipa-kostr; -kváma,f. arrivalofaship; -kænn,a. skilledasaseaman; -lauss,a. shipless; -leggja,v. toburyinaship; -leiga,f. thehireofaship; -maðr,m. sailor,ferryman; -prestr,m. aship’schaplain; -pund,n. ship-pound; -rá,f. sailyard; -reiða,f. ‘ship-levy’; -reiði,m. aship’s rigging; -rúm,n. berth,esp.offishermen; -sala,f. aship’ssale; -saumr,m. ship-nails. skips-borð,n. gunwale; -brot,n.= skipbrot; -dráttr,m.=skipdráttr; -flak,n.=skipflak; -háski,m. danger at sea; -höfn, f. crew. skip-sleði,m. ship-sledge; -smiðr,m. =skipasmiðr; -smíð,f. ship-building; -sókn,f.=-sögn; -stafn,m. aship’s stem; -stjórn,f. commandofaship; -sveinn, m. = -maðr; -sögn, f. crew. skipt,f. thecampoftheVarangians at Constantinople. skipta (-pta, -ptr),v.(1) todivide;s. e-uítvástaði, todivideintotwoparts;s. e-umeðsér, todividebetweenthemselves (sumummönnumskiptuþeirmeðsértil ánauðar);(2) toshare,dealout (nornir skiptageysiújafnt);endaskiptiguðmeð oss, andsomayGodjudgebetweenus;(3) toshift,change (s.litum,nafni,skapi); (4)þatskiptirengu(litlu,miklu), itisof no(little,great)importance,itmakesno (little,great)difference;mikskiptirengu, itisofnomomenttome,doesnotconcernme;s.máli, tobeofimportance (þótti henniallmiklumális.,atþértœkiststórmannliga);eigamáliats.ume-t, tohave arighttodealwith,beconcernedabout, athing;þatmuntveimrs., itwillturn outinoneoftwoways;sérPálnatoki,at muntveimrums., thatitwillturnoutone wayortheother;þatskiptimörgumhundruðum, itwasamatterof(itamountedto) manyhundreds;sitrÓlafrnúatbúisínu, sváatvetrumskipti, forseveralyears;(5) absol. tocomeabout,happen;efþvíerat s., ifitcomestothat;þvíerats.þó, it willhoweverturnoutso;(6)withpreps., s.sérafe-u, totakepartin,concernoneselfwithathing (Glúmrskiptisérekkiaf umbúsýslu);s.e-ufyrire-t, toexchange athingforanother;undarligaskiptitér til, yedostrangelywiththings;impers.,

skip-taka S skína

skiptire-nvegtil, itturnsout,comesto pass (þannigskiptitilsemúlíkligramundiþykkja);s.ume-u, tochange;s.um trúnaðisínum, togoovertotheotherside; s.ume-t, tochange (s.umbústað,lánardróttna,nafn);s.um, tocometoacrisis,turnonewayorother (skjóttmunum s.);s.e-uviðe-n, toexchangewithoneanother (s.höggumviðe-n);s.orðumviðen, tobandywordswithone;s.ríkiviðe-n, tosharethekingdomwith (sáhannengan annansinnkostens.ríkiviðHarald);(7) refl.,skiptast, todividethemselves,disperse (skiptustþeir,snørusumirnorðr); tochange (þáskiptusttunguráEnglandi, erVilhjálmrbastarðrvannEngland);recipr.,skiptaste-uvið, tomakeanexchange;s.gjöfum(höggum)við, toexchangepresents(blows);s.viðumróðr, to row by turns. skip-taka,f. theseizingofaship; -tapi, m. loss of a ship (at sea).

skipti,n.(1) division,distributionsharing (þérhafitlandlítit,enerutmargirtil skiptis);(2) change (mörgumþóttiþetta s.mjökímótiskapi);(3) shift (þatmunu Danirkallabetras.atdrepaheldrvíking norrœnanenbróðursonsinndanskan); (4)plur. dealings,transactions,disputes, fights (þaueins.munuviteiga,atþér mun eigi betr gegna).

skipti-ligr,a.(1) changeable;(2) divisible.

skipting, f. (1) division; (2) change. skiptingr,m.(1) changeling;(2) idiot (inn mesti s. ok afglapi).

skipti-tiund,f. tithetobedividedinto four parts. skip-tjón,n.=-tapi; -tollr,m. ship’s toll; -töturr, m. hulk. skipu-liga, adv., -ligr, a. orderly.

skip-verð,n. ship’sprice; -veri,m. oneofthecrew;plur.,-verjar, thecrew; -viðr,m. aship’stimbers; -vist,f. the being one of the crew.

skirpa (-pta, -pt), v., see ‘skyrpa’.

skirra (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) tofrighten (cf. ‘skjarr’),withacc.;(2) toprevent,avert, withdat.(s.vandræðum);(3)refl.,skirrast e-t, við e-t, to shrink from, shun. skitinn,pp. dirty (skitnirokfúnir klæðaleppar).

skí, n. jugglery, legerdemain. skíð,n.(1) billetofwood,firewood (kljúfas.);(2)esp.pl., longsnowshoes,‘ski’ (fara, renna, skriða, kunna á skíðum).

skíð,n. lintel;hurðváráskíði, thedoor was shut. skíða,f. pieceofsplitwood,billet,stick, =skíð1(klaufhannþarÞórískíðureinar ok lagði síðan í eld).

skíða-fang,n. anarmfuloflogs; -far, n. goingortravellingonsnow-shoes; -ferð,f. goingortravellingonsnowshoes; -geisli,m. balancingstaffused with ‘ski’; -hlaði, m. pile of fire-wood. skíð-fœri,n.(1) surfaceforsnow-shoes (gott-fœri);(2) snow-shoegear; -fœrr, a. goodattravellingonsnow-shoes; -garðr,m. woodenpalings,woodenfence (Þ. hleypr yfir skíðgarð nökkurn).

skíði, n. sheath, = skeiðir, slíðrar.

skíði-járn,n. ‘sheath-iron’,sword (drógu þeir ór skíði skíðijárn).

skíð-kjálki, -sleti,m.snow-sledge shaped like a snow-shoe. skífa, f. slice (cf. ‘brauð-skífa’).

skífa (-ða, -ðr),v. toslice,cutinto slices (mátti þar sjá hjálma skífða).

skí-maðr, m. pretender, hypocrite. skína (skín; skein, skinum; skininn),v. toshine (veðrvarfagrt,

skeinsólíheiði);impers.,muns.afí dag, it will clear up today.

skíra (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) tocleanse,purify (s.silfr);skirasik,toclear(pure) oneself byanoathorordeal;(2) tobaptize,christen (skírðiprestrbarnit);látaskírast, to be baptized. skírari, m. baptizer, baptist. skír-borinn, pp. born in wedlock.

skír-dagr, m. Maundy-Thursday.

skír-dræpr,a. dazzling; -getinn,pp. = -borinn.

skíri-faðir,m. one’s‘baptizingfather’; -þórsdagr, m. = skírdagr.

skír-leiki,m. purity; -leikr,m. purity; -leitr,a. bright-faced; -liga,adv: purely,chaslely; -ligr,a. bright;-ligrí yfirbragði,atyfirlitum, brightofcountenance; -lífi,n. chastity; -lifr,a. purelived, chaste.

skírn,f. baptism,christening;halda barniundirs., tostandgodfather;takas., to be baptized.

skírna (að), v. to become clear. skírnar-brunnr,m. baptismalfont; -dagr,m. baptismalday; -embætti,n. =-þjónusta; -fontr,m. baptismalfont; -hald,n. standinggodfather; -klæði,n. pl. baptismalclothes,=hvíta-váðir; -nafn,n. baptismalname; -vatn,n. baptismalwatter; -þjónusta,f. baptism, christening. skírr (skírri or skírari, skírstr), a.(1) clear,bright,pure,ofglass,metal, water,sky,&c.(s.mjöðr,skírtvatn,s. málmr,skírtsilfr);(2) cleansedfromguilt (hónskaløruggligaberamegaþettajárn okskírverða);(3)ofthevoice, clear (með skírri raustu).

skírsl, f. purification, ordeal. skírsla,f., skírsli,n.=skírsl;fig. gera skírslu til e-s, to put to the test. skíta (skít, skeit, skitinn),v.=dríta;þeirfuglar,erísitthreiðrskíta, that foul their own nest. skít-karl, m. dirty fellow. skjaðak,n.(1)akindof weed,darnel; (2) anill-flavouredorpoisonouselement (s. í mungáti).

skjal, n. empty talk, gossip. skjala (að), v. to prate, swagger. skjalda (að),v. tocover(furnish)witha shield or shields.

skjaldar-bukl,n. shield-boss; -fetill,m. shield-strap; -rönd,f. rimof ashield; -sporðr,m. thelowerpointed end of a shield. skjalda-skrifli,n.pl. oldworn-out shields (-skrifli ok baugabrot).

skjald-borg,f. wall(rampart) of shields,anoldbattle-array(skipamönnumí-borg); -fimr,a. dexterouswith one’sshield; -hvalr,m. akindofwhale; -jötunn,m. akindofwar-engine; -mær, f. amazon; -rim,f. ‘shield-rim’ (ona ship); -sveinn,m. shield-bearer;-þili,n. wainscoting. skjaligr, a. talkative. skjall,n. thewhilemembraneofan egg (skjalli hvítara).

skjalla (skell; skall, skullum; skollinn),v. toclash,clatter (áhælum hringar skullu).

skjall-kœnliga,adv. inaswaggering manner.

skjallr,a.(1) loud,shrill (s.brestr);(2)

skír-skota (að),v. toreferorsubmitto judgement (E.-skotaðiþessumórskurði undirþámennalla,erviðvóru), ortotestimony (skírskotae-uundire-n,e-ufyrir e-m,e-uviðvitnie-s);-skotatile-s, to appeal to.

hannkvaðsérveraekkieinkarskjallt, he said he did not feel well.

skjall-raddaðr, a. clear-voiced. skjanni, m. the side of the head. skjarr,a. shy,timid (s.sauðr);s.viðet, shy (afraid) of (s. við skot).

skjá, f. = skjár.

skjálfa (skelf; skalf, skulfum; skolfit),v. toshiver,shake,quiver (honumþóttis.bæðijörðokhiminn);þeygi hennihendrskulfu, herhands faltered not at all.

skjálf-hendr,a. withtremblinghand, tremulous.

skjálfra (að), v. to shiver, shake.

skjálfta-fullr, a. shivering.

skjálfti, m. shivering.

skjálgr,a.(1) wry,oblique;(2) squinting, as a nickname (Þórólfr s.).

skjálgr,m.,inthephrase,skjótaí skjálg augunum, to look askance. skjár (pl. skjáir),m. awindow-frame withatransparentmembraneoverit,fittingtotheopening(ljóri)intheroof, ortothewindowinthesidewall(cf. ‘hliðskiár’).

skjá-vindauga, f. membrane window. skjóta, f. a small skin-bag. skjóðu-pungr, m. skin-purse. skjól,n. shelter,cover;skjótaskjóliyfir

e-n, to give shelter to. skjóla, f. pail, bucket. skjóta (skýt; skaut, skutum; skotinn),v.(1) toshootwithaweapon, withdat.(s.öru,spjóti,kólfi);vera skotinnspjótiígegnum, tobeshot throughwithaspear;s.afboga, toshoot withabow;withtheobjectshotatinacc. (s.dýr,mann,sel,fugl);s.ate-m,tiles, toshootatone;s.tilhœfis, toshootat amark;(2) toshootpushorshovequickly;

s.brúaf, todrawthebridgeofforaway; s.skildifyrirsik, toputashieldbefore one;s.lokufyrir, toshootthebolt,lock thedoor;s.frálokum, tounlock;s.e-u fyrirborð, to‘shoot’overboard;s.skipum ávatn, tolaunchships;s.báti, tolauncha boatfromtheshore;s.útanbáti, toshove outaboat;s.hestiuridire-n, toputa horseunderone,tomounthim;varmér hérskotitáland, Iwasputashorehere; s.e-uniðr, tothrustitdown (hannskaut sváfastniðrskildinum,at);s.e-mbrott or undan, toletoneescape;s.undan peningum, toabstract,embezzlemoney;s. e-uíhuge-m tosuggesttoone (þáskaut guðþvíráðiíhugþeim);s.upphvítum skildi, tohoistawhiteshield;s.uppvita, s.eldiívita, tolightupabeacon;s.landtjaldi, topitchatent;s.áfylking, todraw upinbattlearray;s.áhusþingi, tocall ameetingtogether;s.áeyrendi, tomake aspeech;s.fótumundirsik, totaketo one’sheels,torun;barnitskautönduupp, thechildbegantobreathe;s.e-uoföxl, tothrowoffone’sshoulder;(3) totransfer acasetoanother;vértólfdómendr,er málumþessumertilskotit, towhom thesesuitsarehandedover;skýtekþvítil gúðsokgóðramanna,at, IcallGodand allgoodmentowitness,that;(4) topay (hannskauteinnfyrirsveitungasínaalla);(5)impers.,e-uskýtrupp, itshoots up,emerges,comesforth;uppskýtr jörðunniþáórsænum, thentheearthrisesfromthesea;skautuppjörðudagfrá degi, theearthappeareddaybyday(as thesnowmelted);þóatþérskytiþvíí hug, thoughitshotintothymind,occurred tothee;þeimskautskelkíbringu, they werepanic-stricken;semkólfiskyti, swift asadart;(6)refl.,skjótast, toshoot,start,

movequickly;hannskauztáfœtr, he startedtohisfeet;BjörnskauztaptratbakiKára, B.sprangbackagainbehindK.; atmennhansskytisteigifráhonum, lest hismenshouldslipaway,desert;hannvildiljóstaGretti,enhannskauztundan, heavoidedtheblow;s.e-m, tofail;margir skutusthonum, manyforsookhim;skutustþámargirviðþórðítrúnaðinum, manyprovedfalsetoThord;hannvar nökkutviðaldr,okskauzt‘afótum, and totteredonhislegs;e-mskýztyfirume-t, oneover-looks,failstonoticeathing (þeim hafðiyfirskotiztumþetta);recipr.,skótast á, to exchange shots. skjót-fara,a.indecl. swift-going; -fœri,n. swiftness; -fœrr,a. swift; -görr,a. soonmade; -hendr,a. swifthanded; -keypt,pp.n. ahastybargain; -kørinn,pp. soonchosen; -látr,a. quick,alert; -leikinn,a. nimble; -leikr, m. alertness; -liga,adv.(1) swiftly,quickly;(2) soon; -ligr,a. quick,alert; -litit, pp.n.,gera-litite-tmál, tohurry,berash inathing; -lyndr,a. impatient,rash; -mælgi,f. rashspeech; -orðliga,adv. inafewwords; -orðr,a. quick-spoken, ready of tongue.

skjótr, m. vehicle, horse. skjótr,a. swiftfleet (s.hestr); quick, short (skjótsvör);neut.,skjótt,asadv. speedily (hón bjó sik skjótt).

skjót-ráðit,pp.n. hastilydecided; -ráðr,a. quick(rash)inresolving; -ræði, n. rashness; -svarinn, pp. rashly sworn. skjóttr, a. piebald (of a horse). skjót-yrði, n. pl. hasty words. skjöldr (gen. skjaldar,dat. skildi; pl. skildir,acc. skjöldu),m. shield; hafae-natskildifyrirsér, tohaveanother asashieldbeforeone;beraefra(hærra)

skjöld, tohavethebestofit,togainthe day;þjónaundirþannskjöld, toserveunderthatstandard;leikatveimskjöldum, toplayadoublegame;komaíopnaskjöldu, toattackinflank(fromtheleft);skjóta skildi yfir e-n, to protect one. skjöplast (að),v.refl. tojail (kvað Sigmundrharmskjöplazthafaíferðinni) to give way.

skoða (að),v. tolookafter,view,review (konungrhalðiskoðatliðsitt);refl., skoðast um, to look about. skoðan, f. viewing, examination.

skokkr (-s, -ar), m. chest, trunk. skola (að),v. towash;alsoimpers. (skolaði til hafs öllu ór skipinu).

skol-brúnn, a. swarthy, brown. skolla (-da, skollat),v. tohangover, dangle; to skulk away, keep aloof.

skolli,m. foxReynard (hannspurði, hvárt s. væri inni).

skollr,m. skulking,deceit (nökkurrs. var í skapi búand-karla).

skoll-víss,a. ‘skilledintricks’,deceitful (-vís kona).

skolpr (-s, -ar), m. a turner’s chisel. skoltr (-s, -ar), m. jaw.

skons, m. sconce, lantern.

skop, n. mocking, = skaup.

skopa (að),v.(1) tomock,scoff,=skeypa; (2) to take a run (s. skeið).

skopt, n. hair (s. heitir hár).

skor (pl. -ar),f.(1) score,notch,incision;(2) ariftinarockorprecipice (hleypr hann ofan fyrir skorina).

skora (að),v.(1) tochafe,rub,gall (jarninskoruðumjökatbeini);(2) to makeascoreorincisionin (sumirgangaat meðboløxarokskorafœtiáfilunum);s. e-tsundr, tocutasunder;(3) tochallenge; s.e-m(ore-n)áhólm(tilhólmgöngu,til

hólms,tileinvígis), tochallengetoaduel; (4)s.áe-n, tocallupon,requeststrongly (þeirskoruðuáhannfast);s.áe-ntiles, tocallupononeforathing (s.á.e-ntil liðveizlu,fulltings);s.áe-ntilhólmgöngu, tochallengeonetofight;(5) tourgeinsistupon (fastskorarþúþat);s.e-tmál viðe-n, tobroachamattertoone (konungrskorarþáþettamálviðhanasjálfa);(6) s.e-tí, tostipulate (Þ.skoraðiþatí,at); (7) toscore,countbytallies (hannlétþás. liðit).

skor-bildr, m. scoring-axe. skorða,f. stay,prop (setjaskorður undirskip);fig.,reisa(setja)skorðurvið e-u, toputastopto,takeprecautions against.

skorða (að),v. toprop,supportby shores (þeir skorðuðu skipit).

skorin-orðr, a. clear-spoken. skorpinn,a. shrivelled (s.belgr:skorpit skinn).

skorpna (að),v. toshrivelup (skorpnar skóratfœtimér);fig.skorpnarat, it presses hard (þér mun þykkja mjök at s.).

skor-steinn, m. chimney. skort,pp.n.,usedasadv., shortof;var hannþarlitits.viku, hewastherelittle short of a week.

skorta (-rti, -rt),v. tobelackingto one (eigimunþikkarlmenskas.);mostly impers.,e-nskortire-t, oneisinwantof, isshortof;ekkiskortirykkráhuga, yedo notlackheart;e-nskortirviðe-n, tobe one’sinferior,fallshortofone;honumþóttisiks.viðoss, hethoughthefellshort ofus;skortiráe-t, itislacking;þaterá skorti, what was lacking.

skortr, m. want, lack, scarcity. skot,n.(1) shooting,shot (þóttistÞ.eigihafaskotitbetras.);(2) thethingshot

missile,=skeyti(effleiris.eruíhvalnum);(3) appeal;ertilhansmikluminnas.enmargirlátayfir, thereislessappealto(lessworthin)himthanfolkssay; (4) anarrowdarkpassage,runningalong thewalloftheancienthall (gekkhanninn ok í s., er var um eldahúsit).

skotar, m. pl. the Scots (Skota jarl). skot-bakki,m. ‘shooting-bank’,butts (fóruþeirí-bakkaokvöndustviðskot); -eldr,m. Greekfire (?); -eygr,a. restless ofeye; -fé,n.=-hlutr; -fimi,f. skillin archery; -fœri,n. shot-range;komaí -fœri, tocomewithinshot;liggjaí-fœrum við, tobewithinbow-shot; -fœrr,a. skilfulasanarcher; -henda, -hending,f. halfrhyme; -hendr,a. composedinthe metre -henda; -hlutr,m. shooter’sshare; -hrið,f. showerofmissiles; -hvalr,m. adeadwhalewithaharpooninit; -maðr, m. shooter,harpooner; -mál,n. range; langt-mál, alongrange;komaí-mál, to comewithinrange; -peningr,m. pocketmoney, subsistence-money. skotra (að),v. toshove,push,withdat. (berserkirnir skotruðu Gretti).

skot-silfr,n.=-peningr; -spánn,m. target;hafae-natskotspæni, tomakea butt of one. skotta (að),v. tomovetoandfro (jarl léts.viðskipsín,oklagðiekkiatsinnitil orrustu).

skot-teinn,m. astickusedasamark; -vagn,m. catapult; -vápn,n. missile; -vöndr,m. awandtoheshot; -yrði,n. pl. scoffs, taunts. skozkr, a. Scottish, Scotch. skó-broddr,m. ice-spur (veraá-broddum); -fót, n. pl. shoes. skógar-björn,m. wood-bear,common bear; -braut,f. forest-path; -brenna,f.

forest-fire; -búi,m. adwellernearawood; -dýr,n. wooddeer; -gata,f. forest-path; -geit,f. wood-goat,wildgoat; -háls,m. woodedneckorridge; -horn,n.=-nef; -hunang,n. wildhoney; -högg,n. treefellng; -kjarr,n. brush-wood; -maðr,m. outlaw; -nef,n. out-skirtofawood; -rjóðr,n. clearinginawood; -runnr, m. thicket; -skipti,n. divisionofawood; -spell,n. damagedonetoawood; -súra, f. wood-sorrel,cuckoo’smeat; -ull,f. cotton; -vöndr,m. wandfromtheforest; -øx, f. wood-axe. skóg-barn,n. ‘wood-bairn’; -bjarn, m. wood-bear; -gangr, m. outlawry. skóggangs-maðr,m. outlaw,=skógarmaðr; -stefna,f. trialforoutlawry; -sök,f. acaseorsuitinvolvingoutlawry; -þýfi, n. theft punishable with outlawry. skóg-land,n. wood-land; -lauss,a. woodless; -óttr, a. wooded, woody. skógr (-ar, -ar),m. wood,forest (var þás.millifjallsokfjöru);faraískóg; to goforesting;stefnae-mtilskógar, tosummonapersonwithintenttooutlawhim; leysae-nórskógi, tofreeonefromoutlawry.

skóg-vaxinn,pp. overgrownwithwood; -vöndr, m. = skógar-vöndr.

skó-klæði, n. shoes, = -föt.

skóla-bróðir,m. school-fellow; -klerkr,m. scholar; -meistari,m. school-master; -nafn,n. schoolnickname; -sveinn, m. schoolboy. skó-lauss, a. shoeless, barefoot. skóli,m. school (þeirvárubáðirsaman í skóla).

skó-nál, n. cobblers needle.

skór (gen. skós,pl. skúar,later skór),m.(1) shoe;kippaskómáfœtr sér, topullonone’sshoes;leysaskúaaf

e-m, tountieaperson’sshoes;(2) horseshoe (þóttskúarnirhrytiundanhestum þeira).

skó-smiðr,m. ‘shoe-smith’,shoemaker; -sveinn,m. waiting-man,servant; -vátr,a. wetontheshoes,wet-footed; -þvengr,m. shoe-string,latchet (skúfaðir skóþvengir).

skraddari, m. tailor. skraf, n. chat, talk. skrafa (að),v. toprate,chat;recipr., skrafast við, to talk together. skraf-finnr, -karl, m. chatterbox. skrap,n.(1) clattering;(2) chat,tittletattle: (3) lumber, trumpery. skrapa (að),v.(1) toclatter;(2) to prate; (3) to scratch out. skrapla (að), v. to grate, clatter. skratta-karl,m., skratti,m. vile wizard; wicked sorcerer. skraut, n. ornament, finery. skraut-búinn,pp. richlydressed; -girni,f. showinessofdress; -gjarn,a. showy; -leikr,m. show,splendour; -liga,adv. richly (-ligabúinn); -ligr,a. showy,splendid,magnificent; -menni,n. showy person. skrá (gen. skrár,pl. skrár),f.(1) pieceofdryskinorparchment;(2) ascroll forwritingon,awrittenscroll;setjaás., tocommittowriting;íþessaris., inthis scroll. skrá (skráða, skráðr),v.(1) toputon ascroll,enter (ats.nöfnþeiraallra);(2) to enrol (E.létlesaupp,hverirskráðirváru á konungsskipit).

skráma (-di), v., see skræma. skráma, f. scar. skrám-leitr, a. of dusky complexion. skrápr, m. shark’s skin. skrá-setja (seesetja),v. toputona

scroll, enter, enroll, = skrá.

skref, n. pace (í einu skrefi).

skrefa (að), v. to stride, pace. skreið,f.(1) shoaloffish;s.varga, a flockofwolves;(2) driedfish,=skörps. (skorti bæði mjöl ok s.).

skreiðar-farmr,m., -hlaði,m. a cargo, pile of dried fish.

skreiðast (dd),v. tocreep,slink;s. fyrirborð, tocrawlovertheship’sside;s. aptrafhestinum, toslipdownfromthe horse.

skreið-fiski,f. cod-fishery; -fœri,n. = skíðfœri.

skreiðingr, m. subterfuge. skreppa, f. scrip, bag.

skreppa (skrepp; skrapp, skruppum; skroppinn),v.(1) toslip;skruppu honumfœtr, hisfeetslipped;(2) toslip away,absentoneself,margirbœjarmenn skruppuinnígarðasína, skulkedawayinto their homesteads. skreppu-skrúði,m. thecontentsofa scrip (skreppa ok allr -skrúði).

skreyta (-tta, -ttr),v. toornament, adorn,dressfine (skreyttrinumbeztum klæðum).

skreyting, f. embellishment. skriða,f. landslip,avalanche (hljóps.á bœinn).

skrið-dýr,n., -kvikendi,n. reptiles, worms; -ligr,a. creeping;-ligtkvikendi, reptile; -ljós, n. lantern. skriðna (að),v. toslip,slide;skriðnaði hannöðrumfœti, heslippedwithone foot;skriðnuðuhonumfœtr, hisfeet slipped; s.ors. ísundr, tocometoanend (mestván,atviðþettaskriðnivártfélag).

skriðnan, f. slipping, stumbling. skriðr (gen. -ar),m. acreepingorglidingmotion,ofareptile (beinaþeirsinn

skrið); ofaship,forwardmovement, course,speed;tókskriðinnafskipinu, the ship stopped.

skrifa (að),v.(1) todraw,paint (sögur þær,erskrifaðarváruáeldhúsinu);(2) towrite (eptirþvísemfróðirmennhafa skrifat).

skrifari,m.(1) painter;(2) writer, transcriber (klerkr ok s.).

skrifli,n. fragment (cf.‘skjaldaskrifli’).

skrif-ligr, a. written. skrim, n. faint light, gleam. skrimal,n. monster (s.þau,erþar vafra í höfum umhverfis).

skript (pl. -ir),f.(1) picture,drawing (seglitvarsettmeðfögrumskriptum); (2) writing,writ;(3) confession(toa priest);veitae-ms., toconfessone;ganga tilskriptar,skripta, togotoconfession; (4) penance (setjae-ms.);(5) punishment (tröllkváðuKaldranahatafengitmakliga s. fyrir sinn tilverknað).

skripta (að),v.(1) toshrive,confess, heartheconfessionof,withdat.(biskup fórats.þeim);(2) toenjoinpenance (s.ematvatnfasta);(3) topunish (várusumir hálshöggnir,ensumumannanvegskriptat);(4)withacc. toconfess (s.sinarsyndir);(5)refl.,skriptastviðe-n, toconfess to (skriptaðistS.viðÞormóðprest);láta s., to go to confession. skriptaðr, pp. shriven. skripta-faðir,m. confessor; -ganga, f. confession(toapriest); -gangr,m. confession(toapriest); -lauss,a. unshriven; -maðr,m. amanunderpenance,penitent; -mál,n.pl. confession (heyraskriptamálin); -prestr, m. confessor. skript-rof, n. breach of a penance. skríða (skríð; skreið, skríðum;

skriðinn),v.(1) tocreep,crawl,ofreptiles;hannbrástíormslíkiokskreiðí nafars-raufina, hetransformedhimselfto aserpentandcreptintotheauger-hole; of persons (hannskreiðuppífjöruna);s. undirskegge-m, tocreepunderanother’s beard,tohumbleoneself;samanníðingar skríða, ‘birdsofafeatherflocktogether’; (2) ofaship,toglide,sail (þúskynjareigi,hvártskipitskríðrundirþéreðaeigi); (3) toslideonsnow-shoes (skreiðArnljótr semhannfœrilauss);(4)fig.s.tilskarar (see ‘skör’ 1).

skrín, n. shrine (of a saint).

skrín-gørð,f. shrine-making; -lagning,f. enshrinement; -leggja,v. toenshrine; -smiðr, m. Shrine-maker. skrípa-höfuð, n. monster-head. skrípi,n. grotesquemonster,phantom; -ligr, a. monstrous. skrípindi, n. pl. = skrípi.

skrjá (skrjáða),v. tosneakabout (Narfi skrjáði um it ytra).

skrjúpr, a. weak, frail.

skrokkr, m. body, carcase. skrópa-maðr, m. hypocrite. skrópar, m. pl. sham, hypocrisy. skrópa-sótt, f. feigned illness. skrum, n. swaggering talk. skruma (að), v. to swagger, chatter. skrumari, m. swaggerer, braggart. skrúð,n.(1) tackle,gear;(2) ornament, apparel (skrýddrkonungliguskrúði);(3) furnitureofachurch;(4) costlystuff (sem af skrúði einu væri gör seglin).

skrúð-hosa,f. hosemadeofacostly stuff (skrúð); -hús, n. vestry. skrúði,m.(1) ornaments,raiment,esp. churchvestments (vegligumskrúðaskrýddr); (2) gear, tackle. skrúð-klæði,n.pl. fineclothes; -kyr-

till,m. akirtleofcostlystuff; -sokkr, m. = -hosa.

skrúf, n. hay-cock, corn-rick. skrúf-hárr, a. stiff-haired. skrýða (-dda, -ddr),v. toadorn,embellish;refl.,skrýðaste-u, toputon,dress in (s. hárklæðum, sorgarbúnaði).

skrýfa (-ða),v.(1) tostack (s.korn); (2)withdat. tomakestiffandbristly (hann skrýfði sem mest hárinu).

skræða, f. old scroll, book. skræfa, f. coward, = mannskræfa.

skræfast (-ð),v.refl. toactlikeacoward, be a poltroon.

skrækja (-kta, -kt),v. toscreech, shriek (hrafn skrækti hátt).

skrækr (pl. -ir), m. shriek, scream.

skrækta (-kta, -kt),v.=skrækja(kráka skræktir).

skræktan, f. shrieking. skrælingjar,m.pl.thenativeinhabitants of Vínland in America.

skræma (-di), v. to glare, shine. skræmast (d),v.refl. toflee,taketo flight (s. undan e-m).

skræmi-hlaup, n. sudden onset. skrœpa (-ta, -t), v. to feign. skrök (dat. skrökvi),n. falsestory, falsehood,invention (hvártþatværis.eða sannindi).

skrök-lauss,a. true (þater-laustat); -ligr,a. false,fictitious; -maðr,m. fabler,liar; -mál,n. fictitiousstory,falsehood.

skrökmála-samr, a. mendacious. skrök-saga,f. fictitiousstory,fable; -samligr,a. false,feigned; -semd,f. falsehood. skrökva (að), v. to invent a story.

skugga-lauss,a. shadowless; -ligr,a. suspicious-looking; -mikill,a. shadowy,

skuggi S skut-bryggja

dark; -samligr, a. shadowy, suspicious. skuggi,m.(1) shadow;berrskuggaáet, ashadowfallsupon (þarbarskugganná sæinnaffjöllunum);barhvergiskuggaá, therewasnoshadowanywhere;(2) shade ofahat (undanskuggahattarins);(3) shadow,spectre (hennisýndistþakirkjan fullafhræði-ligumskuggum);(4)fig., gangaórskuggaume-t, toshowone’s mindastoathing;hannbaðHalldórgangaórskugga,hvárt, heaskedH.tosay plainly,whether;hannsagðisérvera mikinnskuggaá,hvatMagnúsmundi ætlastfyrir, hesaidhefeltmuchmis-giving as to what M. had in mind. skugg-sjá, -sjó, -sjón, f. mirror. skukka, f. wrinkle, fold. skukkóttr, a. wrinkled (of clothes). skuld (pl. -ir),f.(1) debt;gjaldas., to payadebt;kaupaís., tobuyontrust;gangaís.fyrire-n, tobebailforanother;gangaís.viðe-n, tobecomeone’sdebtor;(2) tax,due (ekvissi,atþeráttuðatréttus. ok skatt af at taka).

skuld,f.=skyld;fyrirþann(=þá)s., at, because that. skulda-bréf,n. bond; -dagar,m.pl. pay-days,thetermforpayingadebt; -far, n. debts; -heimta,f. callingindebts; -hjón, -hjún,n.pl. household,family; -lið,n.=-hjón; -mót,n. meeting,for payingdebts; -staðr,m. investment,deposit of money; -þing, n. = -mót. skuld-bundinn,pp. duty-bound (e-m, viðe-n); -fastr,a. seizedfordebt; -lauss,a.(1) unencumbered (fé-laust); (2) needless,uncalled-for (erþer-laustat veljamérhæði-yrðisaklausummanni); -leikr,m. relationship; -seigr,a. reluctanttopay; -skeyta (-tta, -ttr),v. to transfer a debt to another.

skuldu-nautr,m.(1) debtor (efhann er úhættr -nautr); (2) creditor. skulu (pres. skal, skulum;pret. skyldu;pret.infin. skyldu),v. shall (denotingfate,law,bidding,necessity, duty,obligation,purpose);þatskal Eyjólfrgøra, E.shalldothat;hvatskal ekhonum, whatshallIdowithhim? vega skaltuhann, thoushaltkillhim;hvatskal tjaldþat, whatisthattentfor?;hón spurði,hvatþatskyldi, sheaskedwhat was the meaning of that. skunda (að),v.(1) tospeed,=skynda, withdat.(s.ferðsinni);s.fésaman, to make a collection; (2) to hasten (= s. sér).

skundi,m. speed,haste (meðskunda, með miklum skunda).

skupla,f. awoman’shoodhidingthe face.

skupla (að), v. to wear a ‘skupla’.

skurðar-maðr,m. carver,flenser; -skírn, f. circumcision. skurð-goð,n. gravenimage,idol (heiðin -goð).

skurðgoða-villa, f. idolatry. skurðr (-ar, -ir),m.(1) cutting;(2) slaughtering (sauðirætlaðirtilskurðar); (3) flensingofawhale;(4) ditch,channel (s.svábreiðrokdjúpr,atþarmáttivel skipumhalda);grafaskurð, todigaditch; (5) carving,ofart(silfrivarrenntí skurðina).

skurfóttr,a. coveredwithscurf,scurfy (af skurfóttum manni).

skurka (að), v. to move roughly.

skurmsl, n. egg-shell, nut-shell. skurn, f. and n. egg-shell, nut-shell. skut-bryggja,f. stern-gangway; -byggjar,m.pl. ‘stern-mates’,themenstationedinthesternofaship; -festr,f. cable from the stern, stern moorings.

skutil-diskr, m. plate, disk.

skutill (pl. skutlar),m.(1) missile, esp. harpoon (cf.‘sel-skutill’);(2) dish, trencher,smalltable (hóngafSveinikonungi ágætan skutil).

skutil-sveinn, m. page, cup-bearer.

skutla (að),v. tosquander,withdat.; refl., skutlast, to be scattered.

skutlan, f. squandering.

skutr (-ar, -ir),m. thesternof a ship; inplur. stemandstern (skipminnatil skutanna en um mitt).

skut-stafn,m. thestern,opp.to ‘framstafn’.

skúa (að),v. toshoe;s.hestsinngullskóm, toshoehishorsewithgoldenshoes; of persons (vel hosaðr ok skúaðr).

skúfa (að), v. to push aside, = skýfa. skúfaðr, a. tasselled (s. skóþvengr).

skúfr, m. tassel.

skúma-skot,n.(1) dusk,twilight;(2) dark nook (skríða í-skot).

skúr,f.(1) shower (blóðihafðirigntí skúrinni); (2) shower of missiles.

skúra-veðr, n. showery weather.

skúr-fjöl, f. shed-deal.

skúta (gen.pl. skúatna),f. asmall craft, skiff (hrundu þeir fram skútu).

skúta,f. taunt;drepae-mskútuumet, to taunt one with. skúta (-tti, -tt),v. tojutout (bjargit skútti yfir fram).

skúti,m.(1) acaveformedbyjutting rocks;(2) taunt;stingae-mskúta, totaunt one.

skútna-herr,m. afleetof ‘skútur’ (manned); -lið,n. thecrewsonthe ‘skútur’; -menn, m. pl. = -lið.

skvakka (að),v. tomakeagurgling sound (sökk øxin ok skvakkaði við).

skval, n. noisy talk.

skvala (að), v. to shout, brawl.

skvaldr, n. noisy talk, clamour.

skvaldra (að), v. to talk noisily. skyggðr,pp. bright,polished (hjálmrs. sem gler).

skyggja (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) toovershadow; (2)withdat.,s.e-uviðe-u, toscreen against (s.e-uviðsólu);(3) topolish,with acc. (s. sverð þau, er áðr eru forn).

skygn,a.(1) seeing (hannhafðifengit sýnsínaokvarþás.maðr);(2) sharpsighted (E.vareinsýnnokþómanna skygnastr).

skygna (-da),v. topry,spy;s.ume-t, ate-u, tospyafter,lookfor;refl.,skygnast um, tolookabout (skygndisthannnúum fast).

skygni, n. shed, cover. skygning, f. looking about. skygn-leikr,m. eyesight,powerofvision (augun með björtum -leik).

skygnur,f.pl. wideopeneyes (H.rak þá s. á landit).

skykkjum,dat.pl.asadv.,gangas., togorocking;gekkjörðinundirþeims., theearthwentrocking,underthem,ofan earthquake.

skyld,f.(1) tax,due (heimtasaman skyldirkonungs);(2) incumbrance onan estate;(3) reason,sake;fyrirmínas., for my sake. skylda (að),v.(1) tobindinduty,oblige (konungrumskyldaðiþátilatflytjalíkin tilgraptar);(2)s.tile-s, todeserve,merit. skylda,f.(1) due,tax,tribute (fekk hannþaðanengarskyldurnéskatta);(2) duty (erþatyðvarrréttroks.atverjaríki várt);(3) relationship (eigiveitek,atmeð okkr sé nein s.).

skyldaðr,pp. bound,obliged (ekems. til at reka konungs eyrendi).

skyldar-embæetti,n. obligatoryservice; -erendi, n. urgent business. skyld-bundinn,pp. duty-bound; -leiki,m. relationship; -liga,adv. duly,dutifully;þurfa-liga, tostandinpressingneed of; -ligr,a.,e-mere-t-ligtt, itisone’s duty.

skyldr,a.(1) bound,obliged (efþér veititmérþat,þáverðeks.tilatgøra yðvarnvilja);(2) due (veitakonungiskyldaþjónustu);(3) urgent,pressing (skylt erendi);mérerskylt, it’smyboundenduty (þatmunkonungiskyltþykkja,atek fara);(4) related;s.atfrændsemi, related bykinship;mérermaðrinns., theman isnearakintome;skyldfrændsemi, near kinship.

skyldu-erendi, n. urgent business. skyldug-leikr, m. relationship. skyldugr,a.(1) bound,obliged (s.at gørae-t);(2) due (skyldughlýðni);(3)vera s. e-m, to owe to one. skyldu-hlýðni,f. dueobedience, homage; -liga,adv.(1) induty,dutifully; (2) necessarily (þurfa-liga); -ligr,a. obligatory.

skylmast (d),v.refl., tofence witha weapon (s. með skjöld ok sverð).

skylming (pl. -ar), f. fencing. skyn (pl. -jar),f. sense,knowledge,understanding;vita,kunna,hafas.(or skynjar)áe-u, tohaveknowledgeof,understand (Flosikvazteigivitas.á,hverir lögmennværimestir);hannkunniallra s.íborginni, heknewallthepeopleinthe town;beras.yfire-t, tohaveknowledgeof athing,understandit;gjaldas.fyrire-t, to giveaccountof,accountfor;Lokisagðis.á öllum gripum, explained all the objects. skyn, n. = skyn, f. (kunna gott s.).

skynda (-nda),v.(1) tohasten,with

dat.(s.ferðsinni);s.sér, tohasten,make haste;(2) tohasten,=s.sér(hannskyndi til skipa).

skyndi, f. haste (með mikilli s.). skyndi-brúðlaup,n. hastymarriage; -kona,f. loosewoman; -liga,adv. in haste,speedily; -ligr,a. sudden (-ligr dauði).

skynding,f. speed,haste;afskyndingu, in haste, speedily. skyndir,m. haste;beraskyndiatumet, to make haste with. skyndi-ráð, -ræði,n. hastyplanor deed. skynja (að),v.(1) toperceive,makeout, understand (þeirskynjaskjótt,hverir höfðingjarvóruvinirMagnússkonungs); (2) tosearchinto,inquire (Þ.baðmennsínas.,efhannþyrftiliðsvið);s.vörð or um vörð, to inspect the guard. skyn-lauss,a. senseless;-lausskepna, -laustkvikendi, anirrationalbeing,brute; -leysi,n. wantofsense; -lítill,a. small ofintellect; -samliga,adv. sensibly,rationally; -samligr,a., -samr,a.(1) rational, reasonable; (2) wise, sagacious. skyn-semd,f. reason;verameðfullri -semd, tobeinone’srightsenses (þáer vérerumúdrukknirokmeðfullri-semd); kunnalitla-semd, tohavelittleunderstanding (kunnumvérlitla-semdtilat skipasvástórummálum);hafa-semdaf e-u, tohaveknowledgeof;þámuntusynja þessmeð-semd, thenthoumustdenyit, givingreasonsforit;gjalda-semde-s,af e-u, togiveaccountof;krefjae-n-semdar fyrire-t,afe-u, tocallonetoaccountfora thing. skynsemdar-atferð,f. rationalproceeding; -álit,n. regardtoreason; -geymsla,f. useofreason; -gjald,n.

givinganaccountof; -grein,f. discernment; -mál,n. arguments; -skipan,f. rationalorder; -svar,n. satisfactoryanswer; -vit,n.,verameð-viti, tobeinone’sright senses.

skyn-semi,f.=-semd;mikil-semier atrifjavandligaþat, muchknowledgeis wanted to explain all that.

skynugr, a. sagacious (vitr ok s.).

skyr, n. a kind of curdled milk. skyr-askr, m. curd-bowl. skyr-bjúgr, m. the scurvy.

skyr-búr,n. dairy; -ker,n. curdvessel; -kyllir, -kýtil, m. ‘curd-bag’. skyrpa (-ta, -t), v. to spit (s. við).

skyrsi, n. portent, phantasm.

skyrsi-ligr, a. monstrous, abnormal. skyrta, f. shirt, a kind of kirtle. skyrtu-blað,n. shirt-lap; -ermr,f. shirt-sleeve (undirskyrtuermihans); -gørð, f. the making of a shirt. skyti,m. marksman,shooter,harpooner (s. allra manna beztr).

skytningr,m. innorclub,whereeach guestpaidorcontributedhisownscot (hannveittiallrihirðsinnimatok mungát,sváatengimaðrþurftiískytning at ganga).

skytnings-stofa, f. inn, tavern. ský (gen.pl. skýja),n. cloud;skýjum efri, above the clouds.

ský-drúpnir, m. poet. the air. skýfa (-ða, -ðr),v. toshove,push,with dat.(látitmikverakyrraokskýfitmér hvergi);withacc.(þeirskýfðuskurðgoðin af stöllum).

ský-fjall,n. mountainofclouds; -flóki, m. cloudlet.

skýja (að),v. tocloud,coverwithclouds; impers.,ennúskýjaráheldr, butnowit clouds over.

skýjaðr,a.(1) cloudy (skýjatveðr);(2) shaded (s. hjálmr).

skýla (-da, -dr),v. toscreen,shelter, protect,withdat.(hvalrskýldiskipinu við veðrinu).

ský-lauss, a. cloudless (-laust veðr).

skýli, n. shelter, protection. skýli-högg,n. damagingcut,withan axe(þarlátréstobbimikillokí-högg mikil).

skýling, f. screening, sheltering. skýra (-ða, -ðr),v. toexplain,expound,setforth,interpret (kveðsts. mundufyrirhonum,efhannvildivita); s. spurdaga, to solve or answer a question. skýring, f. explanation, elucidation. skýr-ligr,a. bright-looking,intelligent, clever; -mæltr, a. clear-voiced. skýrr,a.(1) clear,evident,manifest (meðskýrumsannindum);neut.,skýrt, asadv. clearly,distinctly (Arnórrkveðr skýrtáþetta);(2) clever,intelligent (s. maðr ok skáld gott).

skækja (-ta, -t), v. to check. skældinn,a. skilledorversedinpoetry (lítt em ek s.).

skæ-maðr, m. = skímaðr.

skær, m. horse, poet. (s. skökuls).

skæra or sköra, f. fray, quarrel. skæra-húsi,m. acaseforholdingapair of shears. skæri, n. pl. a pair of shears. skær-leikr,m. brightness; -liga,adv. purely, clearly. skærr,a.(1) pure (s.meydómr);(2) clear,bright,serene (s.himinn,skært veðr);(3) transparent;(4) clear,distinct (skær rödd).

skæva (að), v. to stride on (poet.).

skœða (-dda, -ddr),v.;skœðirhann sik, he puts on his shoes.

skœði,n.pl. apieceofskincutsquare formakingapairofshoes (varþáskorin yxnis-húðin til skœða).

skœð-leikr, m. scathefulness.

skœðr,a. scatheful,noxious (skœðar tungur); skœðir vargar, wild beasts.

skœkja, f. harlot, = púta.

skœkju-sonr, m. whore-son.

skœra, f., see ‘skæra’.

skœting,f. scoff,taunt (svarae-m skœtingu or af skœtingu).

sköfnungr (-s, -ar),m. theshin,shinbone (skeinast á sköfnungunum).

sköfnungs-øx, f. a kind of axe. sköfu-leikr, m. a kind of game.

skökull (pl. sköklar), m. car-pole. sköll,f. loud,scornfullaughter,mockery (gøra mikla s. at e-m).

sköllóttr, a. bald, bald-headed. skömm (gen. skammar,pl. skammir), f. shame;lifaviðs., toliveinshame;erþat s.atsitjahjá, itisashametositidlyby; fœras.ate-m,gørae-ms., tobringdishonouronone;bíðaskömm, tosufferdisgrace; veiða at s., to be put to shame. sköp,n.pl.(1) whatisfated,one’sfate, doom (eigimáviðsköpunumsporna);ef atsköpumferr, ifitgoesaccordingtothe naturalcourseofthings;(2) curse (þáer konunga-börnurðufyrirstjúpmœðra sköpum);(3)withthearticle,sköpin, the genitals. skör (gen. skarar,pl. skarar),f.(1) rim,edge;alltútatskörinni, totherim oftheice;fig.,skríðatilskarar, toslide totheveryedge,cometoacrisis (skalnú tilskararskríðameðokkrKnútibróður mínum);tjaldskör, edgeofatent;spretta skörum, tolifttheedgesofthetent;(2) thejoints inaship’splanking(skipithafði bilatatskörunum,þáerframvarsett);

(3) step (þeirskyldusitjaíhásætiskör hærraenjarlar,enskörlægraensjálfr hann);(4) hair;s.namatdýja, hetossed hislocks;s.varfyrirenni, thehairwascut acrosstheforehead;rauttmunsjáískörina, therewillbebloodylocks;(5)=skari (better ‘skor’).

skörðóttr, a. notched, serrated. skörug-lyndi,n. noblecharacter; -lyndr,a. noble,frank-minded; -samr, a. stately (-söm hýbýli).

sköru-leikr,m.=skörungskapr; -liga,adv. notably,bravely,manfully (hefnae-s-liga); -ligr,a.(1) bold,manly, imposinginappearance (manna-ligastrat sjá);(2) magnificent,fine (-ligveizla, rœða);með-ligumflutningi, withmanly pleading.

skörung-lyndr, a. = sköruglyndr.

skörungr,m.(1) foreman,leader (nemahanngerðists.fyrirþessumáli);(2) a prominentoroutstandingperson,anotable manorwoman (varÞorkellvitrmaðroks. mikill).

skörung-skapr,m. nobleness,manliness (með miklum ríkdóm ok -skap).

slafast (að), v. refl. to slacken. slag,n.(1) blow,stroke (s.undir kinnnina);eigastslögvið, tocometo blows;(2)fig. blow,defeat;veita,gefaems., todefeat;(3) skirmish,opp.toa pitchedbattle(jarláttitværfólk-orrustur,enmörgslögokmanndráp);(4) nick oftime (íþessuslagikomaþeirafsér akkerinu).

slaga (að), v. to tack, cruise. slag-á,f. aewetobeslaughtered; -álar,f.pl. saddle-straps; -brandr,m. (1) bolt, bar; (2) war-engine. slagna (að),v. toflowover,bespilt (féll ofanketillinnokslagnaðiásveininnór

katlinum).

slag-net, n. a fowler’s net. slagningr, m. a kind of cloak. slagr (pl. -ir),m.(1) blow,stroke,= slag;(2) tune,air,playedonastringed instrument(konungrspurði,hvárthann kynni eigi fleiri slagi).

slakna (að), v. to slacken, get slack. slangi, m. serpent, = ormr.

slaxa (að),v. tomakeabubblingnoise (slaxaði í sárinu).

slá (slæ; sló, slógum; sleginn; pret.also sleri),v.(1) tosmite,strike (s. e-nhögg,kinnhest);(2)s.hörpu,fiðlu, tostriketheharp,fiddle;s.slag, tostrike upatune;s.leik, tostrikeup,begin,a game;s.vef, tostriketheweb,toweave; (3) tohammer,forge (s.gull,silfr,sverð); s.e-te-u, tomountwith (járnumsleginn); (4) tocutgrass,mow (s.hey,töðu,tún, eng);(5) toslay,kill (sínsbróðurslóhann handbana);(6)fig.,slákaupi, tostrikea bargain;s.máliísátt, toreferamatterto arbitration;s.fylking, todrawupaline ofbattle;s.hringum, tosurround;s. manngarð,mannhring, toformaringof menround;s.eldiíe-t, tosetfireto; s.landtjöldum, topitchatent,oralso, tostrikeatent,takeitdown;s.festum, tounmooraship;s.netjum, toputout thenets;s.hundumlausum, toslipthe hounds;(7)withpreps.,s.e-taf, tocut off;s.e-naf, tokill,slaughter;s.áe-t, to taketoathing;s.áglensokglúmur, to taketoplayandsport;s.áheit, totaketo makingavow;s.e-uásik, totakeupon one-self;s.ásiksótt, tofeignillness;s. ásikúlfúð, toshowangerorill-will;ekki skaltuslíkuáþiks., donotbetakethyself tothat;impers.,slóáhannhlátri, hewas takenwithafitoflaughter;slóóttaámar-

ga, manywereseizedwithfear;þvíslærá, at, itsohappensthat;ljóssisleri(=sló) fyrirhann, alightflasheduponhim;s.í deilu, tobeginquarrelling (eittkveld,er þeirdrukku,slóguþeirídeilumikla);impers.,slæríe-t, itarises;slærþegarí bardaga, itcametoafight;s.niðre-u, to putanendto;núerniðrslegitallrivináttu, nowthereisanendtoallfriendship;s. sérniðr, toliedown,taketoone’sbed;s. e-nniðr, tokill;s.e-usaman, tojoin (þeir sláþásamanölluliðinuíeinafylking);s. tile-s, toaimablowatone,strikeatone; s.undanhöfuð-bendunum, toslackenthe stays;s.e-uupp, tospreadareport;s.upp herópi, toraisethewar-cry;impers.,loganumslóuppórkeröldunum, theflame burstoutofthevessels;s.úte-u, topour out (þáerfullermundlaugin,gengrhón okslærúteitrinu);s.e-uvið, totakeinto use (þávarslegitviðöllumbúnaði);s.við segli, tospreadthesail;ekhefiþónáliga ölluviðslegit,þvíerekhefiíminnifest, IhaveputforthalmostallthatIrecollected;s.beizliviðhest, toputabridleona horse;e-uslæryfir, itcomesover,arises (slæryfirþokusvámyrkri,atengiþeirrasáannan);(8)refl.,slástaptr, todraw back (gætaþess,ateigislœgistaptrliðit); s.áe-t, totaketoathing (s.ásvikræði viðe-n);s.átalviðe-n, toenterintoconversationwith;s.ábake-m, togobehind another;s.fram, tomove(rush)forward; slósthónframateldinum, sherushedto thefireside;s.íförmeðe-m, tojoinone inajourney;s.ísveitmeðe-m, tojoin one’sparty;slógustíSuðreyjarvíkingar, vikingsinvadedtheHebrides;s.tilferðar með e-m = s. í för með e-m. slá (sláða, sláðr),v. tobar (hliðitvar slát rammliga).

slá (pl. slár),f. bar,bolt,cross-beam (s. ein var um þvert skipit).

sláni, m. lanky fellow.

slápr, m. a good-for-nothing.

slátr,n. flesh-meat (hafðiþáLokietit s. allt af beinum).

slátra (að),v. toslaughter,withdat. (þar hafði slátrat verit uxa einum).

slátra-efni,n. cattle(sheep)for slaughtering; -starf, n. slaughtering.

slátr-diskr,m. aplatewithmeat; -fé, n. slaughter-cattle; -föng,n.pl. provision (supply)offlesh-meat; -gripr,m. ahead ofcattleforslaughter; -sauðr,m. asheep forslaughter; -trog,n. atroughwith meat; -vist,f. fleshfood; -uxi,m. slaughtered ox.

slátta,f.(1) mowing;(2) mowingseason (þatvarumöndverðarsláttur);(3) grassformowing;(4) moneystampedor struck,coin;Haraldss., thebadcoinof King Harold. sláttr (gen. -ar,dat. slætti),m.(1) mowing; (2) playing (a harp).

sláttu-kaup,n. mower ’ swages; -maðr,m. mower; -tími,m. mowingseason (um öndverðan -tíma).

sleða-maðr, m. sledge-traveller. sledda, f. large knife. sleð-fœri, n. sledging (-fœri gott).

sleði, m. sledge. sleð-meiðr, m. sledge-runner. slefa,f. slaver (úlfrinngrenjar,oks. renn ór munni hans).

sleggja,f. sledge-hammer;verðamilli steinsoksleggju, tocomebetweenthe hammer and the anvil. sleggju-skapt,n. handleofasledgehammer. sleiking, f. licking (hunda s.).

sleikja (-ta, -tr),v. tolick (kýringekk

opt ofan í fjöruna ok sleikti steinana).

sleipr, a. slippery (þar var sleipt).

sleita,f. shuffle,subterfuge,esp.pl., drekka við sleitur, to drink unfairly. sleiti-liga,adv. shuffingly; unfairly (drekka -liga).

sleitu-dómr,m. sham-court; -laust, adv.,drekka-laust, withoutheel-taps; -liga, adv. = sleitiliga.

slekt, f. kind, order (riddara s.).

slen,n. sloth,dullness; -samr,a., -skapligr,a. slothful,lazy; -skapr,m. slothfulness, laziness.

slentr, n. idle lounging. sleppa (slepp; slapp, sluppum; sloppinn),v.(1) toslip,glide (sleggjan slappórhendihonum);sluppuhonum fœtr, hisfeetslipped;(2) toslipaway,escape (efÞórólfrskals.);(3) toslip,fail;ef yðrsleppratfestahendráBirni, ifyou fail to get hold of Bjorn. sleppa (-ta, -t),v. tomakeslipoutof one’shands,letslip;Þorgilshafðisleppt øxinni, Th. had let go of the axe. sleppi-fengr, a. butter-fingered. sleppt,adv. feebly;meðþvíatþeim hafðisvás.tiltekizt, astheyhadhadsuch poor success. sletta (-tta,-tt),v.(1) toslap;hann slettiflötusverðinuumherðarhonum, heslappedhimwiththeflatofthesword; (2) todash,splash (A.þreifupp skyrkyllinnokslettiframanífangGrettis).

slétta (-tta, -ttr),v. tomakeplain, level;fig.,s.yfire-t, tosmoothovera thing,amend,remedy (hafitérvelyfir slétt vanhyggju mína).

slétta, f. a plain, level field. slétt-fjallaðr,a. smooth-skinned; -lendi,n. flatcountry; -lendr,a. flat of

land; -máll,a. smooth-spoken; -mælgi, f., -mæli,n. smoothlanguage; -orðr,a. = -máll.

sléttr,a. plain,flat,even,smooth;s. völlr, levelfield;s.sjór, smoothsea;segja sínarfarareigisléttar, totellofone’sjourneynothavingbeensmooth,toreporta failure;neut.,slétt,asadv. straight,quite (genguþeirsléttútafborðunum); smoothly,well (talaslétt);eigimundiferðintakastslétt, thejourneywouldnotgo smoothly.

slétt-yrði, n. pl. = slétt-mæli.

slit,n.(1) tearing (rifoks.);(2) tear andwear;kápakominatsliti, aworn-out cloak;(3) rupture,breach (sifja-slit,friðslit).

slitna (að),v.(1) tobreak,snap,ofa cord,rope,string(festrmuns.);(2) to end,breakup (þúvilt,atokkarrkaupmáli slitni).

slitri, slitti, n. rags, tatters. slíðr,a. fierce,cruel,fearful (hefndir slíðrar ok sárar).

slíðr, n. pl. = slíðrar.

slíðra (að),v. tosheathe,putinthe scabbard (s. kníf, sverð).

slíðrar or slíðrir,f.pl. sheath,scabbard (stingasverðís.;draga,bregða sverði ór slíðrum).

slíðr-beitr,a. sharpasaarazor; -fengligr, a. dire, fearful (senna -lig).

slíkr,a.(1) such;s.maðr, suchaman; s.sem(or er), suchas;s.svá, suchlike, similar (slíkirsvámenn);annarrs., anotherofthesamekind;(2) this,that (þér skulutslíkuráða);(3)neut.,slíkt,asadv. insuchwise,so;slíkterþérlíkar, asit pleasesthee;slíkan, similarly,inalike manner (hyggek,atslíkanmunhafafarit um annat).

slím,n. slime (þegareptirþatheitdró af slímit auganu).

slípari, m. whetter, sharpener. slíta (slít; sleit, slitum; slitinn), v.(1) tosnap,break,astring,cord,rope (Æsirnirsýnduhonumsilkibanditok báðuhanns.);s.ísundr, tobreakasunder (s.ísundrsvámjóttband);(2) totear, pull;Lokisleituppmistiltein, L.pulled upthemistletoe;slítaná,hræ, toteara corpse;s.e-nafsér, tothrowoneoff (S. vildis.hannafsér);sleithannundan veðr, thegaledrovehimoutofhiscourse; (3)fig. tobreak,breakoff,withacc.;s. þing, tobreakoff,dissolveameeting;with dat.(s.þingi,flokki,veizlunni);áðr þinginuséslitit, beforethemeetingbedissolved;(4) torend,tear (brynjahansvar slitintilúnýts);klæðisundrslitin, torn asunder;(5) towear-out;hannmuneigi mörgumskyrtunums., hewillnotwear outmanyshirts,notlivelong;slitnirskór, worn-outshoes;(6)s.óre-u, todecide, settle (hannkvaðlögmannórþessus. skyldu);(7)impers. tobetornaway (sleit afhonummannábáti);withdat.,slítr þartaliþeirra, therethetalkended;sleit Fróðafriðfjándaámilli, Frodi’speacewas brokenbetweenthefoes;borgirokkastalar okþorp,sváathvergislítr, inanunbrokenline;þartilerórslítrmeðþeim, till itcomestoanend;(8)refl.,slítast, totear oneself loose (s. ór höndum e-m).

sljófa (að),v. tomakeblunt;refl.,sljófast, togrowbluntordull (sýn,minnisljófast).

sljófgast (að), v. refl. = sljófast. sljó-leikr,m. dullness; -liga,adv. slowly,dully (reiðasljóligasverðin); -ligr, a. slow, dull, feeble. sljór (sljó, sljótt),a.(1) blunt (sljó

sverð); (2) faint-hearted.

sloðra (að),v. todragortrailoneself along (sloðruðuþeirþávestrafheiðinni).

slokinn,a. extinguished (þegaratljós váru slokin).

slokna (að),v. toexpire,goout (eldr, ljós, log sloknar).

sloknaðr,pp. extinguished,=slokinn (þá er s. var eldrinn).

sloppr (-s, -ar),m. loosegown;esp.of apriest’swhitegown(skrýddrsloppum ok kantarakápum).

slota (að),v. tohangdown (liðhanslét s.hendrniðrmeðsíðuokhöfðustekki at); s. við, to be idle, slink away. slóð,f. track,trail (sáumenns.liggja fráskipunum,þvíatdögghafðifallit);cf. ‘döggslóð’.

slóða-hrís, n. brushwood for slóðar. slóði,m. atrussofbranchestrailed along;dragaslóða, todragaslotortrail; fig.,meiraslóðamundraga, itwillbeattended with more serious consequences. slóttigr, a. sly, cunning, wily. slunginn, pp., see ‘slyngva’. slyðra, f. fibre. slyngr,a. dextrous,clever (hannvars. við allar íþróttir).

slyngva (slyng; slöng, slungum; slunginn),v.withdat. tosling,throw, fling (þvínæstslyngrSurtreldiyfirjörðina);sunguokslungusnúðgasteini, they sangandswungtheswiftmillstone;var þessukaupislungit, thisbargainwas struck;ívandkvæðierslungit, wearein difficulties;dögguslunginn, bedewed; slunginnvafrloga, encircledbyaflickeringflame;horna-togverslungitafsilfri, twisted of silver. slyppr,a. unarmed,weaponless (nú kallaek,atHrafnsésigraðr,erhanner slyppr).

slys,n.(1) mishap,mischance,accident (s.munþatþykkja,erhannhjóhönd afkonusinni);(2) wrong-doing,mischief (erfittmunþérverðaatbœtaölls.Hallgerðar).

slysa-laust,adv. withoutmischanceor accident; -vænt,a.n. unlucky (e-m þykkir -vænt).

slys-ferð, -för,f. ill-fatedjourney (fara-förum); -gjarnt,a.n.e-mverðr -gjarnt, one has bad luck. slysinn, a. mischievous. slys-liga,adv. unfortunately;vildimér svá-ligatil,atekbrautspjótmitt, Ihad theill-lucktobreakmyspear;takasts., to come off badly.

slyttinn, a. flabby, sluggish, lazy. slyttu-mannliga, adv. sluggishly.

slæfa (að),v.=sljófa;refl.,slæfaðist skap jarlsins, his wrath abated. slæ-liga,adv. withoutenergy,=sljóliga (róa, sœkja at -liga).

slær (slæ, slætt), a. = sljór.

slœða (-dda, -ddr),v.(1) totrail;fax svásítt,atslœddijörð, thatittrailedon theground;(2) tospreadmanure,by means of ‘slóða-hrís’. slœður,f.pl. agownthattrailsalong the ground (s. af silki, pelli).

slœgð, f. slyness, cunning. slœgðar-bragð,n. cunningtrick; -maðr, m. sly fellow. slœgja (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) tocheat,entice, ensnare (s.huge-sokhjarta);(2)impers.,e-nslœgirtile-s, onehasamindto, desires;eigislœgirmikhértillangvistaí Norvegi, Iamnottemptedtolingerherein Norway;(3)refl.,slœgjasttile-s, toseek forathing,ofgain;hérertillítilsats., butlittleprofittobehad;Þórðrunnihen-

nilítit,hafðihannmjökslœgzttilfjár, Th.lovedherbutlittle,andhadmarried her for her money’s sake.

slœgja, f. gain, = slœgr.

slœg-leikr,m.=slœgð; -liga,adv. cunningly; -ligr,a. sly,cunning (slœgligt ráð); -pungr,m. apursetoholdone’s gain.

slœgr,m. gain,profit;vileksjáhann okvirðafyrirmér,hverrs.mérþykkirí vera, andconsiderwhatIthinkheisworth; þykkimérþómeiris.tilhans, Ithink there is more good in him.

slœgr (acc. -jan),a. sly,cunning,crafty (s. í skaplyndi).

slœg-vitr, a. crafty, = slœgr.

slœma (-da, -dr),v. tomakeasideblow atone (hannslœmirtilhansøxinni);with acc.,s.undane-mfœtrna, tocutoffone’s feet.

slœmr,m. thethirdandlastdivisionof a poem (drápa).

sløkkva (-ta, -tr),v.(1) toextinguish, putout (heimamennsløktueldinn);(2) to slake, quench (s. hungr, þorsta).

sløngva (-ða),v. tothrowwithasling, fling,hurl;withdat.(sløngvirhannþá stokkinum út af þekjunni).

sløngva,f. sling (tókD.sérslønguí hönd); cf. ‘val-sløngva’.

smala-ferð, -för,f. tendingsheep in thepastures; -gangr,m. sheep-walk; -hestr,m. shepherd’shorse; -maðr,m. shepherd; -nyt,f. sheep’smilk; -sveinn, m.=-maðr; -þúfa,f. shepherd’smound; sitja á smalaþúfu, to tend sheep. smali,m.(1) smallcattle,esp. sheep;(2) cattle. smaragðr, m. emerald. smá (smáða, smáðr),v. toscorn,slight, revile (s. e-n í orðum).

smá-barn,n. littlechild,baby; -bátr, m. littleboat; -borinn,pp. oflowbirth; -bóndi, búandi,m. smallfarmer; -djöflar,m.pl. pettydevils,imps; -dýr, n.pl., -dýri,n. smallanimals; -ey,f. littleisland; -ferja,f. smallferry; -fiski, f. catchingsmallfish (róaat-fiski); -fiskar,m.pl. smallfishes; -fuglar,m. pl. smallbirds; -geislar,m.pl. faint beams; -greinir,f.pl. smallmatters; -grjót,n. smallstones,pebbles; -hlutir,m.pl. trifles; -hringar,m.pl. small circles,rings; -hundar,m.pl. smalldogs, curs; -hús,n.pl. smallhouses; -kjörr, n.pl. scrub,brushwood; -konungar,m. pl. kinglets; -koppar,m.pl. smallcups, slighthollows; -kornóttr,a. smallgrained; -kvistir,m.pl. smalltwigs; -kvæmr,a. narrow-minded; -látr,a. contentwithlittle; -leikr,m. trifling game; -leitr,a. small-featured; -ligr,a. trifling; -lærisveinar,m.pl. littledisciples; -læti, stinginess,opp.to‘stórlæti’; -lœkir,m.pl. smallbrooks; -lönd,n.pl. smalllands,islands; -mannligr,a. mannikin-like; -menn,m.pl. insignificant persons; -menni,n. insignificantperson; -munir,m.pl. trifles; -mæltr,pp. lisping. smán,f. shame,disgrace (þessis.ok svívirðing, er þú gørir mér).

smánar-ferð,f. disgracefuljourney; -lauss, a. not disgraceful. smá-neyti,n. smallcattle,calves; -piltr, m. lad. smár (smá, smátt),a.(1) small,little (mörgskipoksmá);(2)neut.,hannseldi smáttvarninginn, hesoldbyretail;höggvasmátt, tostrikesmallblows;hann kvaðsteigimundusmáttásjá, hesaidhe woulddealliberallyinthematter;smáttok

smátt, bitbybit,bydegrees;(3)smám, bit by bit, slowly (fara smám).

smá-rakki,m. littledog; -ráðr,a. aimingatsmallthings; -regn,n. drizzle; -ríki,n. pettykingdom; -róar,m.pl. smallrelief; -sakar,f.pl. pettysuits; -sandar,m.pl. plainsoffinesand; -skip,n. smallship; -skitlegr,a. insignificant (lítilloksmá-skitlegr); -skógar,m.pl. copsewood; -skúta,f. small craft; -smugall,a. creepingthroughthe smallesthole;fig. minute,subtle; -smugliga,adv. minutely; -smugligr,a. minute; -smygli,f. minuteness,subtlety; -spengr,f.pl. smallspangles; -steinn, m. pebble; -sveinar,m.pl. smallboys; -sveinligr,a. boyish; -svik,n.pl. petty tricks; -syndir, f. pl. petty sins. smátta, f. narrow lane. smá-tönn,f. smalltooth; -varningr, m. smallwares; -váfa,f. tinyghost; -viði,n. shrubbery; -vægr,a. insignificant; -þarmar,m.pl. smallguts; -þing, n. smallobject; -þægr,a. contentwithlittle. smeittr, pp. enamelled (s. söðull). smellr, m. smacking sound, crack. smelt, n. enamelling. smeltr, a. enamelled (s. skjöldr). smeygja (-ða, -t),v. toslip,withdat.; smeygðihannlykkjunniafhálsisér, he slippedtheloopoffisneck;hannsmeygði ásikbrókunum, hepulledthetrouserson; refl.,smeygjast, tofreeoneself (smeygðist Egillafstafnum);s.undanafsannindunum, to slip away from the truth. smeykligr, a. insinuating, cringing. smið-belgr, m. smith’s bellows. smiðja, f. smithy. smiðju-belgr,m.=smiðbelgr; -búð, f. aboothusedasasmity; -dyrr,f.pl.

doorofasmithy; -hús,n. smithy; -sveinn,m. smithyboy; -verk,n. smithy-work.

smiðr (-s;pl. -ar and -ir),m. smith, wright, worker in metal or wood. smið-reim,f. therimrunningalongthe backofascythe-blade togiveitstrength (ljármáðruppísmiðreim); -vélar,f.pl. smith’s artifices. smíð (pl. -ir),f.(1) making,building (varþathúsallmjökvandatatallris.); veraatsmíð, tobeatthework (H.var núbyrgðríeinuhúsi,okvarhannþarat smíðinni);veraís., tobebuilding (hann sámannuppiákirkjuþeiri,erís.var); (2) workofskillorart,structure (Bifröster görmeðlistokkunnáttumeirienaðrar smíðir).

smíða (að),v. toworkinwoodormetals, tomake,build,erect (s.skála,kirkju);refl.,smíðast, toproceed,takeshape,ina smith’shands(tókhannoksmíðaði,ok smíðaðist ekki sem hann vildi).

smíðar-efni,n. materialsforsome work; -kaup,n. wagesforwork; -kol,n. pl. smith’scoals; -lýyi,n. flawinthe workmanship (sjá-lýtiáe-u); -tól,n.pl. smith’s tools; -øx, f. carpenter’s adze. smíði,n.=smíð(kirkjavönduðbæðiat viðum ok s.; vandat s.).

smíðis-kaup, n. = smíðarkaup.

smjúga (smýg; smaug or smó, smugum; smoginn),v.(1) tocreep throughanopening;smuguþeirmilli spalanna, theycreptbetweenthebars; smýgrhannþániðrundirhjáhenni, he creepsunderthebed-clothes; toputona garment withonlyaroundholetoput theheadthrough(gullbrynjusmó);(2) to pierce (komlásöríbrúninaoksmóþegar í gegnum).

smjör (dat. smjörvi),n. butter (brauð ok s.).

smjör-gœði,n. goodproduceofbutter; -gørð,f. butter-making; -kaup,n. purchaseofbutter; -laupr,m. butter-chest; -lauss,a. shortofbutter; -spann,n. a measureofbutter; -trog,n. buttertrough; -tunna, f. butter-cask.

smjörugr, a. greasy. smokkr, m. smock (s. var á bringu).

smuga,f. narrowclefttocreepthrough, small hole (hvergi fannst s. á).

smugall, a. penetrating. smurning,f. anointing;hinsíðastas., extreme unction. smurningar-klæði,n.pl. thedressin which one receives extreme unction. smyl, n. the evil one, = gröm (rare). smyrill (pl. smyrlar), m. merlin. smyrja (smyr, smurða, smurðr),v. toanoint (s.konungtilveldis); torubwith ointment (hannsmurðihörundhennar með góðum smyrslum).

smyrsl, n. pl. ointment, unguent. smækka (að), v. = smætta. smælingi (pl. -jar), smælingr,m. small man, poor man. smætta (að) v. to grow small. snag-hyrndr,a. ‘snag-cornered,’with sharp points (-hyrnd øx).

snaka (að),v. torummage,snuffabout (I. snakaði um hús hennar).

snapa (-ta), v. to sniff, snuffle. snap-viss, a. snuffling, parasitical. snara (að),v.(1) toturnquickly,twist, wring;K.snararskjöldinnsváfast,at spjótitbrotnaði, K.twiststheshieldso smartlythatthespearbroke;hannsnarar afhonumhöfuðit, hewringsoffhishead; (2) totranslate (s.bókuppínorrœnu); (3)s.atgönguna, topushorpresstheat-

tack;(4) tothrow,fling,withdat.(Þ. snaraðihallinumokbroddinum);(5) to makeaquickturn,stepquickly (hón snararþegarinnhjáhonum);(6)refl., snarast, toturnoneself(pass)quickly (hannsnarastframhjáþeim);S.snarast þáútórstofunni, thenS.hastensout of the room;s.viðe-m, toturnquicklytowardsone (M.snaraðistviðhonumok mælti);s.íkarlföt, todressinman’s clothes. snara,f.(1) snare;leggjasnörurfyriren, tolayorspreadsnaresforone;(2) halter (gálginnvarreistroksnaranþarviðfest). snar-brýna (-da, -dr),v. towhetkeenly; -eygðr, -eygr, a. keen-eyed. snarfla (að), v. = snörgla.

snar-leikr,m. quickness,smartness; -liga,adv. quickly; -ligr,a.(1) keen, quick (-ligaugu);(2) smart,sprightly (lítill maðrok-ligr); -lyndr,a. quickofmind (brúðr, snarlynd).

snarp-eggiaðr, -eggr,a. keen-edged; -leikr,m.(1) roughness;-leikrnæfra, the roughnessofthebark;(2) severity (-leikr frosts);(3) smartness,dash (-leikríorrostum); -liga,adv. sharply,withadash (gangaframvelok-liga); -ligr,a. sharp, dashing (meðfylktuliðiok-ligu); -mannligr, a. = -ligr.

snarpr,a.(1) roughtothetouch (snarpt hárklæði);(2) keen,sharp,ofaweapon (snörpøx,snarptsverð);(3) vehement, hard (snörpatganga,orrosta);inn snarpastikuldi, thebitterestcold;(4) smart,dashing,ofpersons (manna snarpastríorrostum);(5) barren,rugged, = skarpr (land illt ok snarpt).

snarr,a.(1) swift (snarirvindar);(2) gallant,bold,smart;(3) keen (snöraugu): (4) sharp,penetrating (s.tilskynsemdar);

(5)neut.,snart,asadv. soon,quickly (rann hann at sem snarast).

snar-ráðr,a. quickandresolute; -ræði,n. presenceofmind,smartfeat; -skygn, -sýnn, a. keen-eyed. snar-spjót, n. javelin, = snœrisspjót. snar-völr,m.a stickbywhichacordis tightened.

snauðligr, a. bare, poor. snauðr,a. stripped,poor,bereft;s.atfé, penniless;snauðarkonur, beggar-women; snauðirmenn,poor men,beggars;snauð orð, plain words. snákr (-s, -ar), m. snake (poet.). snáldr, m. snout (of a serpent).

snáp-liga,adv. clownishly,likeadolt; -ligr, a. clownish, foolish. snápr (-s, -ar),m. dolt,fool (þúmant virðr sem hinn heimskasti s.).

snáp-skapr, m. folly. snefugr,a. fleet,swift (snúaskatsandi snefgir kjólar).

sneið (pl. -ir),f.(1) slice (sneiðirmargar);(2) taunt,slight;hverráþessas., whoismeantbythisslight? stingae-ms., to cut with sarcasm.

sneiða (-dda, -ddr),v.(1) tocutinto slices,=sníða;(2) totaunt,makegameof, withdat.(slíkterillamæltats.honum afgömlum);(3) towalkzigzag (sámaðr, erbrattabrekkusneiðir);(4)s.hjáe-u, topassby (Katlamælti,atþormóðrskyldiþarekkihjágarðis.);eigimanekhjá þeim kosti s., decline the offer. sneiði-gata, f. zigzag path. sneis, f. wooden pin. sneisar-hald,n. thepartofasausage in which the pin is stuck. snekkja,f.a swift-sailingship (A.átti langskip, þat var s. tvítugsessa).

snellast (d),v. toliftupone’svoice (á

havern snelldist þú?).

snellt,adv. hastily,harshly (segja, svara s.).

snemma,olderform snimma,adv.(1) quickly,soon (hannvars.mikillok sterkr);(2) early (gangas.atsofa);s.um morgininn, earlyinthemorning;with gen.,s.dags,morgins, earlyintheday, morning;s.orrostunnar, inthebeginning of the battle. snemm-búinn,pp. early,ready; -bærr,a. earlylambingorcalving; -endis,adv.soon,early,=snemma; -grœr, a. early growing. snemt,a.n. early (konungiþóttiheldr s. at vekja herinn).

snepill,m. snip,flap;eyra-snepill, the lobe of the ear. sneriligr, a. = snarligr (s. karl).

snerkja (-ta, -tr),v. tocontract,wrinkle (s. kinnr).

snerpa (-ta, -tr),v.(1)towhet(s. øxarsínar);(2)impers.,eners.tók leiðit,asthewindgrew brisker;(3)refl., snerpast við, to bestir oneself. snerra, f. smart shock, onslaught. snerta (snert; snart, snurtum; snortinn),v.(1) totouch (snartoddr sverðsinskviðHrómundar);s.viðe-t, to touch (s.viðklæðie-s);(2)fig. totouch, concern (sóknokvörnmálaþeirra,er okkr snerta).

snerta (-rta),v. toquaffoffquickly (snerti Hrungnir ór hverri skál).

snerta,f.(1) shortdistance (B.varí skóginumoksnertueinafráþeim);(2)= snerra.

snerti-bráðr,a. impatient; -ráðr,m. a smart, short pull. sneyða (-dda, -ddr),v. tobereaveone of (s. e-n e-u).

sneypa (-ta, -tr),v. todisgrace,dishonour (svívirðiliga sneypandi).

sneypa,f. disgrace,ignominy;fara sneypu, to suffer ignominy. sneypi-liga,adv. disgracefully,shamefully (fara -liga fyrir e-m).

sneypu-för, f. disgraceful journey.

sniddari, m. tailor. snið-glíma,f. acertainmodeof wrestling; -hvass, a. keen cutting. sniðill, a. pruning-knife. snifinn, pp. snowed-on (s. snjófi).

snigill (pl. sniglar), m. snail. snild, f. masterly skill; eloquence. snildar-bragð,n. prowess; -maðr,m. greatorator; -orð,n.pl. eloquentlanguge; -verk,n. greatorheroicdeed (mörg ok ágæt -verk).

snilli, f. (1) = snild; (2) prowess. snilli-bragð, n. = snildarbragð. snillingr (-s, -ar), m. heroic man. sníða (snið; sneið, sniðum; sniðinn),v.(1) tocut;s.e-tafe-u, tocut off (sneiðþrælinnhöfuðitafjarli);s.e-tí sundr, tocutasunder;s.til, tomakeacut, tosetaboutathing;(2) tocutcloth,of tailoring.

sníkinn, a. covetous.

sníkja (-ta, -t),v. tohankerafter (s.til e-s, eptir e-u).

snjall-mæltr,a. eloquent,finespoken (-mæltr ok skjótrdðr).

snjallr,a.(1) well-spoken,eloquent (hverrvarþessiinnsnjallimaðr);S.talaðilangterendioksnjalli, S.madealong andeloquentspeech;(2) good,excellent (hitbeztaráðoksnjallasta);(3) valiant, doughty (s.okvelhugaðr);s.ertuísessi, thou art bold enough in thy seat. snjall-raddaðr,a. ready-tongued; -ráðr,a. wiseincounsel; -ræði,n wise

counselgoodplan; -talaðr,a.=snjallmæltr.

snjá-drif, -fok, n. snow-drift. snjáfa (að), v. to snow, = snjófa. snjár (gen. snjáfar or snjávar),m. snow, = snjór, snær.

snjó-byrgi,n. snow-shed; -drif,n. snow-drift,snowraisedbythewind; -drifinn, pp. drifted with snow. snjófa (að),v. tosnow (snjófaðiáfjöll).

snjó-fall,n. fallofsnow; -fok,n.= -drif; -föl,n. thincoverofsnow; -fönn, f. snow-wreath; -hrið,f. snowstorm; -hvítr,a. snow-white; -lauss,a. free fromsnow; -ligr,a. snowy; -minna,a. compar. withlesssnow; -nám,n. melting of the snow, thaw. snjór (gen. snjófar or snjóvar),m. snow, = snjár, snær.

snjó-samr,a. snowy (-samrvetr); -skriða, f. snow-slip, avalanche. snjóugr, a. snowy (var hann s. allr). snjó-vetr,m. snowywinter (-vetrinn mikli).

snoðinn, a. bald (E. gørðist enn s.). snoðra (að), v. = snuðra. snoppa, f. snout, muzzle (of a horse).

snotr (acc. snotran), a. wise. snotra (að), v. to make wise. snotr-liga, adv. wisely (mæla -liga). snópa (-ta), v. to be idle, snuffle. snót (pl. -ir), f. gentlewoman. snubba (að), v. to snub, chide. snubba, snubban, f. snub, chiding. snuðra (að), v. to sniff, snuffle. snugga (pres. snuggir),v.? tolook (horfaoks.heljartil);snæligasnuggir, kváðuFinnar, itlookslikesnow,quoththe Finns. snúa (sný; snøra or snera; snúinn), v.(1) toturn,withdat.;snýrjarlþangat

herinum, theearlturnshishostthither; s.úfriðiáhendre-m, tobeginhostilities againstone;s.aptrferðsinni, toturn back;(2) toturn,go;sneruþeirþáyfir ána, thentheywentacrosstheriver;þeir snerúímótiþeimokbörðustviðþá, they turnedagainstthemandfoughtwiththem; s.aptr, toturnback;s.brott, togoaway (maðrinnsneriþábrott);(3) tochange, alter (hannsnerisíðannafnisínu);s. skapisínu, tochangeone’smind;(4) to turn,twist,twine (snúavöndíhárit);(5) totranslate (snúaLátinu-bréfinuínorrœnu);(6)impers.,snýre-u, itisturned (snøriþámannfalliíliðKirjala); it changes (bráttsnerifjáærhaginumfyrir Teiti,erG.varíbrottu);(7)withpreps., s.ate-m, toturnonone;snúmvérnúat þeim, letusturnuponthem;s.atbrúðhlaupi, topreparefor;haltsváhendiyfir honum,atøngrihefndsétilhanssnúit, protecthimsothatnovengeancemaybefall him;s.e-utilleiðar, tobringabout;skiptirmikmiklu,hversuþúvilttils., what turnthouwilttake;s.e-uum, toturnupsidedown,upset (umsnýrþúöllum,sætunum); tochangecompletely (hónkvaðst hafaætlatats.þarumlands-lagiöllu); s.undan, drawback,retreat,flee (ener Baglarsáþat,þásneruþeirundan);(8) refl.,snúast, toturnoneself (hafðiGunnarrsnúiztíhauginum);s.ate-m,ímóti e-m,viðe-m, toturnuponone,faceabout, tomeetanattack;svásnerist,atþeirkómustíenganlífs-háska, itturnedoutso, thattheygotintonodangeroflife;s.til leiðar, toturntotherightway;s.tile-s ume-t, toturntooneforathing (erþat líkast,athannsnúisttilvárrarættarum vinfengit);s.undan, todrawback (síðan vildi A. undan s.).

snúan-ligr, a. that can be turned. snúðga (að),v. towin,gain;refl., snúðgast, to gain for oneself. snúðigr,a. swift (sunguokslungu snúðgasteini);neut.,snúðigt,asadv. swiftly;fara,gangasnúðigt, tomarch, walk at a swinging pace. snúð-liga, adv. swiftly = snúðigt. snúðr,m.(1) twist,twirl (þeirknýttu samanokgørðusnúðaáendunum);(2) profit,gain (hvernsnúðsjáþeirsinní því?).

snúðú-liga, adv. = snúðliga, snúðigt. snúna (að),v. toturnout,cometo,be; hvemunSigurðis.æfi, howwilllifeturn out for Sigurd?

snúning,f.(1) conversion (s.Pálspostola); (2) turning. snyðja (snyð, snudda),v. torush (hann fór snyðjandi at leita Þórólfs).

snykr,m. stench,stink (meðfúlasta snyk; snykr ok úþefjan).

snyrti-liga,adv. neatly,smartly (búast -liga); -ligr,a. smart,elegant; -maðr,m. gentleman. snýta (-tta, -tt),v.(1) toblowthenose (s.sér);s.rauðu, togetabloodynose;(2) fig. todestroy;snýtthefirþúsifjungum, thou hast destroyed thine own children. snýta, f. worthless fellow. snæ-blandinn,pp. blendedwithsnow (rannsaka -blandna mold).

snæða (-dda, -ddr),v. toeat,takea meal (þeir snæddu ok drukku).

snæðing,f. meal,takingameal (taka s.);sitjaísnæðingu, tositatameal;veita e-m s., to give one a dinner. snæðingr,m.=snæðing(kallae-ntil snæðings).

snæ-fall, n. fall of snow, = snjófall. snæfr (acc. -ran),a.(1) tight,narrow

(snæfrirkyrtlar);(2) tough,vigorous (snæfrir vinir).

snæ-fugl,m. snow-bunting; -fölva,f. =snjóföl; -hús,n. snow-house; -hvítr, a. snow-white; -kváma,f. fallofsnow; -kökkr,m. snow-ball; -lauss,a.= snjólauss.

snæfugr, a. = snefugr.

snælda, f. spindle.

snæ-liga,adv. snowily (see‘snugga’); -lítill,a. withlittlesnow (lítillvetr); -mikill,a. snowy (-mikillvetr);var snæmikit, therewasmuchsnow; -nám,n. thaw.

snær (gen. snæfar or snævar),m. snow, = snjár, snjór.

snæ-samr,a. snowy; -skafa,f. drifting snow; -skriða, f. snow-slip.

snæugr, a. snowy, covered with snow. snœri,n. atwistedrope,cord,string,cable, fishing-line; -ligr, a. brisk. snœri(s)-spjót,n. javelinwithathong (Skúta skaut -spjóti).

snöfur-leikr,m. alertness; -liga, adv. deftly; -ligr,a. deft,alert,brisk (hár ávöxtok-ligr); -mannligr,a.=-ligr (skjótligr ok -mannligr).

snøgg-liga, adv. suddenly.

snøggr (acc. snøggvan),a.(1) short (gørastuttskeggoksnøggvankamp); þeirbitualltgrasatsnøggu, theybitit close;(2) short-haired;(3) sudden,brief (orrostahörðoksnøgg);neut.,snøggt, asadv. soon,quickly (þádrósnøggtundan).

snøkta (-kta, -kt), v. to sob, whine. snøktan, f. sobbing. snøktr, m. sobbing. snør, f. daughter-in-law. snörgl, n. rattling in the throat. snörgla (að),v. torattleinthethroat

(hon lá ok snörglaði).

snös (gen. snasar), f. projecting rock. snöttungr, m. robber. soð, n. broth (drekka soðit). soð-áll,m. flesh-hook; -fantr,m. cook; -fullr,a. fullofbroth (soð); -greifi,m. cook; -hús,n. kitchen; -ketill, m. cooking-kettle. soðna (að), v. to become boiled. soðning, f. boiling, cooking. soð-reykr, m. steam from cooking. sofa (sef; svaf, sváfum; sólinn),v. tosleep; s. afumnóttina, tosleepthe nightthrough;s.fast, tosleephard,soundly;s.lífi, tosleepone’slifeaway;fig. tobe dormant.

sofari, m. sleeper (sjau sofarar). sofinn,pp. asleep (drukkumennsvá ákaft, at hverr lá s. í sínu rúmi).

sofna (að),v. tofallasleep;s.fast, to fallfastasleep (hannsofnaðifastoklétillaísvefni);verasofnaðr, tobeasleep (eptir um nóttina er menn vóru sofnaðir).

so-görr, -gorr, -gurr,a. sodone;at -guru, asthingsstand,asmattersare;á -gurt ofan, to boot. sokka-band, n. garter. sokkr (-s, -ar), m. stocking. sollr, m. swill (teygja tíkr at solli).

soltinn,pp.(1) dead (s.varS.sunnan Rínar); (2) hungry, starving. sonar-bani,m. slayerofone’sson; -bœtr,f.pl., -gjöld,n.pl. weregildfor ason; -kván,f. son’swife,daughter-inlaw; -skaði,m.lossof one ’ sson; -sonr, m. son ’sson,grandson (synirþeiraok sonarsynir).

sonar-blót,n.,etc.,see‘sónar-blót’ (sonar- isprobablythecorrectform= OE. sunor, herd of swine).

son-lauss, a. sonless, = sonarlauss.

sonr (gen. sonar,dat. syni and søni; pl. synir, sønir;acc. sonu and syni), m. son.

sopi,m. smalldraught,mouthful (B. lætr hann drekka tvá sopa stóra).

sopp-leikr, m. game at ball. soppr, m. ball (slá sopp).

sorg (pl. -ir),f. sorrow (s.etrhjarta); lægja sorgir, to allay sorrows.

sorga-fullr,a. fullofsorrow,sorrowful; -lauss, a. free from care. sorgar-búnaðr,m. mourningdress; -búningr,m. mourningdress; -hljómr, m. dismal sound; -sainligr, a. sorrowful. sorg-fullr,a. sorrowful; -ligr,a. sad, distressing; -móðr,a. distressed,sad; -mœði,f. distress; -samligr,a., -samr, a. sad, sorrowful. sorp, n. sweepings (bera sorp á eld).

sorp-haugr, m. mound of sweepings. sorta, f. a black dye. sorti,m. blackcloud;sés.mikillfyrir auguþeim, agreatdarknesscamebefore their eyes. sortna (að),v. togrowblack (sortnaði hon sem kol).

sóa (að,pp.also sóinn),v.(1) todestroy,sacriflce,withdat.;(2)sóaút, to squander;semféþettavarútsóat, when this money was spent. sókn (pl., -ir),f.(1) attack,fight (harðr ísóknum);(2) prosecution;urðuþáallir áþatsáttir,atþáværiframarrvörnen s., thatthedefencewasbetterthanthe prosecution;sœkjameðlands-lagasókn, toraisealawfulaction;(3) concourse,resortofpeople (núers.mikilíSkálholt umalltÍsland.), company;(4) parish;(5) drag, grapnel.

sóknar-aðili,m. prosecutor,opp.to ‘varnaraðili’; -fólk,n. parish-folk;

-gögn,n.pl. theproofsforaprosecution; -kirkja,f. parish-church; -kviðr,m. verdict; prestr,m. parish-priest; -þing,n. aparliamentwithcourtsandpleading (aðrirmennvóruatdómum,þvíat-þing var).

sókn-djarfr, -harðr,a. martial, valiant (frœkn ok sóknharðr).

sól (gen. sólar,dat. sól and sólu),f. (1) sun (hannfalsikáhendiþeimguði, ersólinahafðiskapat);ámorginfyrirs., beforesunrise;einnmorginviðs., about sunrise;þávardagrall-ljóss,oks.farin, thesunhadrisen;sólvarlíttfarin,líttá loptkomin, nothighabovethehorizon;s. rennrupp, thesunrises;þegarersólina lægði, whenthesungotlow;s.gengrí ægi,tilviðar,undir,s.sezt, thesunsets; gangaatsólu, togoprosperously,succeed toone’swishes (honumgengunáligaallir hlutiratsólu);(2) day;fyririnaþriðjus., beforethethirdsun,withinthreedays;áðr sjausólireruafhimni, beforesevendays have passed. sólar-ár,n. solaryear; -áss,m. the sun-god,Apollo; -bruni,m. theburning heatofthesun; -fall,n. sunset; -gangr, m.the sun ’ scourse,betweensunriseand sunset(enerváraðiok-gangrvarsem mestr); -geisli,m. sunbeam; -glaðan, f. sunset; -goð,n.=-áss; -helgr,f. feast ofthesun-god; -hiti,m. heatofthesun; -hof,n. templeofthesun-god; -hringr, m. theorbit,ecliptic; -ljós,n. sun-light; -roð,n. sun-reddening,sunrise;um morgininní-roð, atpeepofdawn; -setr, n. sunset; -sinnis,adv. sunwise,fromeast towest; -steinn,m. sunstone,lodestone; suðr,n. thesolarmeridian; -tár,n. ‘ sun’stear’,amber; -upprás,f.sunrise; -öld, f. solar cycle (twenty-eight years).

sól-bjartr,a. sun-bright; -borð,n.= -byrði; -bráð,f.orn. sun-thawing; -brunninn,pp. sun-burnt; -byrði,n. ‘sun-board’, gunwale.

sólginn, pp. voracious, hungry. sól-heiðr,a. sun-bright,sun-lit; -hvarf,n. solstice (núlíðrframat-hvörfum); -hvítr, a. sun-white. sóli, m. sole (of a shoe).

sól-lauss,a. sunless; -mark, -merki, n. zodiacalsign; -setr,n.pl. sunriseand sunset;með-setrum,milli-setra, from sunrisetillsunset; -skin,n. sunshine; -staða,f. solstice,usuallyinpl.(núlíðr fram at -stöðum).

sóma (-da),v. tobeseem,become,befit (sómirþérkonungumatþjóna);athón sœmdiþér, thatshewereafitmatchfor thee; láta sér e-t s., to be pleased with. sóma-för,f. honourablejourney; -góðr,a. creditable; -hlutr,m. honourableshare; -lauss,a.discreditable; -maðr,a. honourable(worthy)man; -samliga,adv. beseemingly,befittingly; -ligr,a. decent,proper,honourable; -semd,f. honour; -spell,n. lackofhonour.

sómi,m. honour (vilekeigidrepahendi við sóma minum).

sónar-blót,n. aspecialsacrifice (of aboar); -dreyri,m. sacrificialblood; -göltr, m. sacrificial boar. sónn, m. sound (með sœtum són).

sópa (að),v.(1) tosweep,withdat. (griðkonansóparsamanléreptunum);látagreiprs.ume-t,s.höndumume-t, tomakeacleansweep,carryoffall;(2) to sweep ahouse,floor,withacc.(A.léts. húsinoktjalda);(3)refl.,sópaste-u,s. atume-t,s.um, toscrapetogether,gather,=sópae-uatsér(s.mönnum,s.atum menn).

sót, n. soot (sóti svartari).

sótigr,a. sooty;hannkomeigiundir sótkanrapt, henevercameunderasooty rafter.

sót-rauðr, a. ‘soot-red’, dark-red. sótt (pl. -ir),f. sickness,illness,disease;taka(or fá)s., tofallill,betakenill; kastaásiks., tofeignillness;kenna(or k. sér)sóttar, tofeelthesymptomsofillness; pl. painsoflabour (atsúmærhafðimiklar sóttir).

sóttall, a. causing illness, contagious. sóttar-far, -ferði,n. conditionof one’sillness; sickness; -sök,f. causeofillness.

sótt-bitinn,pp. struckdownbyillness; -dauðr,a. havingdiedfromsickness (hannlifðiskemmstokvarð-dauðr); -hættr,a. exposedtosickness; -lauss, a. notill,withoutfever; -ligr,a. sickly; -lítill,a. notveryill; -næmr,a. aptto be taken ill; -tekinn, pp. taken ill.

spað,n. soupmadefromfleshorfish (brytja hænginn til spaðs).

spaði, m. spade, see ‘járn-spaði’. spak-látr,a. gentle,quiet; -liga,adv. (1) peacefully,quietly (þeirfóruatöllu sem-ligast);(2) wisely,likeawiseman (talastvið-liga); -ligr,a. wise,sage; -málugr,a. wiseinone’sspeech; -mæli, n. wise(prophetic)saying (iskáldskapok -mæli).

spakr,a.(1) quiet,gentle (s.oksiðugr); spökhross, quiethorses (notrunning astray);(2) wise,withthenotionof propheticvision(hannvars.atviti;spá er spaks geta).

spak-ráðugr,a. givingwiseadvice; -rœða, f. = spaklig rœða. spanga-brynja, f. plate-mail.

spann,n.(1) pail;(2) ameasure,esp.of butter (s. smjörs).

spannar-breiðr, a. span-broad. spara (-ða, -ðr,also -aða, -at),v.(1) tospare (hannsparireigipeninga Þórólfs);s.e-me-t, toleaveittoanother (spörumþettaverköðrum);s.e-ntile-s, tospareonefrom (þeirspörðuhanaeigitil erfiðisokskaprauna);skalekeigimitttil s., I,formypart,shallnotbesparinginthe matter;s.e-tviðe-n, towithholdfromone (eigispariekmatviðþik);s.e-tviðsik, toshrinkfrom;hverrsáer,ateigisparir þatúhappviðsik, whodoesnotshrink fromthatcrime;(2)refl.,sparasttile-s, to shrinkfrom,forbear (hefieklengitilþessasparazk); tospareoneself,spareone’s strength;þatorðflyztaf,atþúsparist við, thatthousparestthyself,dostnotuse all thy strength.

sparða, f. an Irish battle-axe. spark, n. kicking, trampling. sparka (að),v. tokick;alsofig.(atölmusur sparki í andlit mér).

sparkr,a. lively,brisk (sparkaráttuvér konur).

sparlak, n. curtain (tvau sparlök).

spar-liga,adv. sparingly; -ligr,a. sparing (borðhélthannsparligt); -mæli, n. leniency;reka-mæliviðe-n, tospare, deal leniently with. sparnaðar-maðr,m. apersondeservingtobespared (Þ.kvaðhanneigi -mann).

spar-neytinn,a. sparingintheuseof food, frugal; -neytni, f. frugality. sparr, a. sparing. sparr, n. a kind of spear. sparr-haukr, m. sparrow-hawk. spá (spá, spát, spáð),v. toprophesy, foretell (s. em e-t or e-s).

spá (pl. spár),f. prophecy (sjaldanhafa spár mínar átt langan aldr).

spá-dís,f. spae-sister,prophetess; -dómliga,adv. prophetically; -dómligr,a. prophetical; -dómr,m. prophecy; -gandr,m. divination-rod; -kerling, -kona, f. prophetess; -leikr, m. divination. spáleiks-andi, m. prophetic spirit. spá-maðr,m. soothsayer,prophet; -mæli, n. prophetic words, prophecy. spán-bakki,m. butts =skotbakki; -brjóta,v. tobreakintosplinters (íGrindavík spánbraut buzuna).

spánn or spónn (gen. spánar,pl. spænir or spœnir,acc. spánu or spónu),m.(1) chip,shaving (allaspánu báruþeiratskálanum,slógusíðaneldí alltsaman);brjótaskipíspán, tohave one’sshipbrokentopieces (þeirbrutu skipitíspán);brotnaíspán, tobedashed topieces (skipitbrotnaðiíspán);(2) target (setjaspáníbakka);(3) ornamenton awarship (onlyinpl.;cf.‘enni-spænir’); (4) diviningchip,usedatsacrifices(féll honumþásvás.semhannmundieigi lengi lifa); (5) table-spoon. spánn, m. Spain, = Spánland.

spán-nýr,a. span-new,bran-new (mér erþessiatburðr-nýr); quitefresh,notexhausted (látumnúsemvérsém-nýir); -ósa,a.indecl. span-new (skipinvóru -ósa ok nýbrædd).

spán-verjar,m.pl. Spaniards; -verskr, a. Spanish. spán-þák,n. shingle-roof; -þáktr,pp. shingle-thatched. spár,a. prophetic (íhjartaspásmanns); cf. ‘forspár’, ‘veðrspár’.

spá-saga, -sögn,f. prophecy (góðar þykkja mér -sögur þínar).

spázera (að), v. to walk.

spegill, m. mirror, = skuggsjá. speja (að), v. to spy, = njósna. spejari, m. spy, = njósnari.

speki,f. wisdom (sús.,erhannsagði fyrirúorðnahluti); -andi,m. spiritof wisdom; -maðr,m.=spekingr; -mál,n. words of wisdom. spekingr (-s, -ar),m. awiseman,sage (hannvarhinnmestis.atviti); counsellor (núræðstHaraldrkonungrumvið spekinga sína).

speki-ráð, n. a wise counsel. spekja (spakta, spaktr),v. tocalm, soothe (s.mennsína);refl.,spekjast, to be calmed. spekjur,f.pl. talk,parley (aðrarváru okkrar s.).

spekt,f.(1) quietness,peace (gætae-s meðs.);(2) wisdom (þeimvareigigefin hin andliga spekin).

spektar-andi,m. spiritofwisdom; -brunnr,m. sourceofwisdom; -maðr, m.=spekingr; -mál,n. wisewords; -munr,m. superiorityinwisdom;komast á -mun við e-n, to outwit one. speld, n. a square tablet. spelkja (-ta),v. tofixupwithsplints (troða belginn ok s.).

spelkur, f. pl. splints. spell, n.flaw, damage, = spjall. spella (að),v. tospoil,destroy,=spilla (öll veröldin var spelluð).

spell-reið,f. overridingahorse; -virki,n. mischief-working,damage; -virki (pl. -virkjar),m. mischief-worker,highwayman.

spellvirkja-bœli, n. robber’s den. spell-virkni, f. doing damage. spena-barn, n. sucking child. spen-bólga,f. swellingoftheteat; -drekkr, m. sucking child.

spengja (-da, -dr), v. to spangle. speni,m. teal,dug,esp.ofanimals(kýr hefir fjóra fœtr ok fjóra spena).

spenja (spanda, spaniðr),v. toallure, attract (þeirspönduliðundankonungi); hannspandiúthingatmeðsérSæmund, hepersuadedS.tocomeoutwithhimto Iceland.

spenna (-ta, -tr),v.(1) tospan,clasp (s.sverðbáðumhöndum);honspennti hringinnáhöndhonum, sheclaspedthe ringroundhiswrist;s.e-uumsik,s.sik e-u, togirdoneselfwith,buckleon (hann spenntisikmegingjörðum);s.afsérbeltinu, tounclaspthebelt;(2) toclaspthe handsroundone’sneck,=s.höndumum hálse-m(þykkiþérbetraats.karlsdóttur);(3) toclasp,catch,capture (prestr nökkurrgekkáland;Birkibeinarspenntuhann);harðligaspenntr, inhard straits;(4) tospend (eptirárliðitskalek segjaþér,hvatþúspennir);(5)s.boga, to draw a bow. spenna, f. inconvenience. spenni-töng, f. pincers, forceps. sperna (-ta, -t;oldpret. sparn),v. to spurn,kickwiththefeet (hannspernirtil risans með fœti).

sperra (-ða, -ðr),v. tostretchout (s. frásérfœtr);refl.,sperrastvið, tostruggleagainst (genguþeirábrottmeðhana, en hón sperrðist við).

sperri-leggr, m. ‘spar-leg’, shaft. spik, n. blubber (of seals and whales). spilla (-ta, -tr),v.(1) tospoil,destroy, withdat.(brutuniðrhofokspilltublótum);aldriskalhóns.okkruvinfengi, nevershallshespoilourfriendship;s.fyrir e-m, tospoilone’scondition,dooneharm, esp.byslander;(2) todestroy,kill (s.ætla ekbáðum);(3)refl.,spillast, tobe

spoiled,damaged;s.við, togrowworse; munmikithafaumspillzt, itmusthave got much worse. spillandi (pl. -endr),m. spoiler (spillendr um vináttu vára).

spilli-dýr, n. noxious animal. spilling, f. corruption.

spillir,m. spoiler;s.bauga, breakerof rings, liberal prince. spinna (spinn; spann, spunnum; spunninn),v. tospin (Katlasatápalliok spann garn).

spík (pl. spíkr), f. spill, splinter. spíra, f. (1) spar; (2) tube. spítali or spítall,m.(1) hospice (for travellers or pilgrims); (2) hospital. spjald,n. tablet,square,=speld(lög rituðáspjald);hlaðaspjöldum, toweave chequered linen. spjall,n. saying,tale,esp.pl.;forn spjöllfira, oldtalesofmen;úrughlýrajó fráekspjalla, withwetcheeksIaskedthe steedfornews;móðugspjöll, lamentations.

spjall,n.(1) damage (takas.afe-u); (2) flaw (spjöll á máli).

spjalla (að), to spoil (spjölluð mál).

spjalli, m. friend (Hrungnis s.).

spjót,n. spear,lance,bothforthrowing and thrusting (skjóta, leggja spjóti).

spjótaðr, pp. furnished with spears. spjóta-lög, n. pl. spear-thrusts. spjót-krókr,m. ahookonaspear; -lag,n. spear-thrust; -lauss,a. withouta spear; -leggr, m. spear-shaft. spjóts-brot,n. abrokenspear; -falr, m. thesocketofaspear-head; -hali,m. the end of a spear-shaft. spjót-skapt, -skepti,n. shaftofa spear (þriggja spjótskapta hár).

spjóts-oddr,m. aspear ’spointorhead

(stanga e-m -oddinum).

spjót-sprika, f. spear-head (?). spjóts-skot,n. ashotmadewitha spear (eigi tók konung -skotit).

spjörr (pl. spjarrar),f. swathingband, leg-band. spor,n. track,footprint (þeirrekjas. semhundar);ganga(stíga)ís.e-m, to walkinone’sfootsteps,followone’sexample (vísthefirþúvelframgengit,enþó hefirþúeigigengitmérís.);ekkispor, not a step. spora (að), v. to tread on.

sporð-dreki, m. the Scorpion. sporðr (-s, -ar),m. tail ofafish,serpent,&c.(s.semáfiski);standae-má sporði, tobeamatchfor,beone’ssuperior (vitrmaðrertu,Eyólfr,sváatfáirmunu standaásporðiþér);s.skjaldar, thelower pointedendofashield (þreifB.sporðskjaldarinshinnihendinniokrakíhöfuð Þórði).

spor-ganga,f. backing,assistance (veita e-m fylgd ok -göngu).

sporgöngu-maðr, m. follower. spor-hundr,m. slot-hound,bloodhound (váru leystir -hundar).

spori,m. spur;keyra(ljósta,slá)hest sporum, to put spurs to a horse. sporna (að),v. tospurn,treadon (s. völl,moldveg);s.viðe-u, towithstand, resist (eigimáviðsköpunums.);without thedat.,hannvilditakaafmérhringinn, enekspornaðivið, struggledagainstthat. spor-rakki,m.=-hundr; -rækt,a. n.,hafðifallitlítilsnæfölvasváat-rækt var, sothatitwaspossibletotracethefootprints.

spott,n. mockery,scoff (þúferrmeðs. okháð);gøra(draga)s.ate-u,hafae-tat spotti, to scoff at, turn into ridicule.

spotta (að),v. tomock,makesportof (eigiþarfats.þettasvámjök);s.ate-u, tojeeraboutathing;s.e-tafe-m, tocheat one of a thing. spottan, f. mocking, jeering. spotti, m. bit, small piece. spottr,m. mockery =spott(verðútiok dragønganspottatoss). spott-samligr, -samr,a. mocking,giventojibes (samr ok údœll). spói, m. curlew (bird). spónn, m. = spánn. spraðk, n. sprawling. spraðka (að), to sprawl. spraka (að), v. to crackle. spraki, m. rumour, flying report. sprakki, m. poet. woman. sprengja (-da, -dr),v. tomakeburst (H.kvezteigimundus.sikágrauti);s. hest, to break the wind of a horse. sprengr,m. bursting;honumhéltvið spreng, hewasnearburstingfromexhaustion;vinnatilsprengs, toworkoneselfto death.

spretta (sprett; spratt, spruttum; sprottinn),v.(1) tospringup,issueforth (þarsprettreinnmikillbrunnr); spratthonumsveitiíenni, sweatburstout onhisforehead;alsos.upp(sprattþar vatnupp);(2) tostart,spring;s.afbaki, tospringoffhorseback;s.áfœtr,s.upp, tostarttoone’sfeet,jumpup;sprattupp lássinn, upsprangthelock;spratthennifótrokféllhón, sheslippedandfell; sprattþatuppafheimamönnum,at, it wasrumouredthat;(3) tosprout,grow,of hair,grass,crops(piltartveirlékuágólfi; þeim var sprottit hár ór kolli).

spretta (-tta, -tt),v.(1) tomake springup,unfasten,loosen;s.gjörðum, to ungird;s.fráloku, tounlock;(2) torip

openorup (s.saum);ekléts.berkinum, Ihadthebarkpeeledoff;Þjálfisprettiá knífisinum, Th.splitthebonewithhis knife.

springa (spring; sprakk, sprungum; sprunginn),v.(1) tospring, bound;(2) tospirtout,issueforth (sprakk blóðbæðiafnösumhennarokmunni); (3) toburst,split,break (hornitsprakkí sundrímiðju);sprotinnkomíandlititok sprakkfyrir, theswitchcameonhisface, andtheskinwasbroken;(4) todie from over-exertion,grief,&c.;s.afharmi, to breakone’sheart;efþúhefðireigimat, nemaáhræumspryngir, ifthoucouldst getnofoodsavebyovergorgingupon corpses.

sprota-barn, n. a chastised child. sproti,m.(1) sprout,rod,stick,switch; (2) theend-pieceorclaspofabelt (fetlar sprotum settir).

sprund, n. poet. woman. sprækr,a. sprightly,lively,active (sveinninn var s.).

spræna (-da, -t), v. to spirt out. sprökla (að),v. tosprawl,kickwiththe feet (Skotarlétusmábörns.áspjótaoddum).

spuni, m. spinning (cf. ‘gull-spuni’).

spurall,a. askingmanyquestions,inquiring,inquisitive (hverrersámaðr,er svá er s.).

spur-dagi,m.(1) question,inquiry;(2) report,news (þanneinnspurdagahöfum vér til þín, at).

spurn,f.(1) question;(2) news,report, tidings (munþegars.komatilHöskulds); hafa s. af e-u or til e-s, to have news of. spurning (pl. -ar), f. question. spúsa (að), v. to espouse, marry. spúsa, f. spouse, wife.

spyrða S staðar-fólk

spyrða (-rða, -rðr),v. totieup(fish) by the tail. spyrja (spyr, spurða, spurðr),v.(1) totrack,tracestepsorfootprints (hundar þeir,ervóruvanirats.þáupp,erundan hljópust);(2) toinvestigate,findout (þeir fenguhanneigiuppspurðan);(3) toask; G.spurði,hvathannvildiþálátaatgera, G.askedwhathewishedthemtodo;with gen.,s.e-ntíðenda, toasktidingsofone; s.e-nráðs, toaskadviceof,consultone; H.spurðimargsórbrennunni, H.asked muchabouttheburning;withpreps.,s. e-nafe-u,ate-u,atume-t,ume-t, to askoneaboutathing;s.ate-m, toinquire afterone;s.e-natnafni, toaskonehis name;s.eptir, toask,inquire (spurðihón eptir,hvatíslenzkramannaværiáskipi); spurðiHöskuldrdóttursínaekkieprit, H.didnotaskhisdaughter’sconsent;(4) tohear,beinformedof (s.sönntíðendi); Snorrispyrrnú,hvarkomitmálunum, nowS.hearshowthecausesstood;s.til e-s, togetinelligenceasto,hearof (síðan hefiekaldritilhansspurt);(5)refl., spyrjast, tobeheardoforreported,toget abroad;tilÞórveigarspurðistþat,athon láhætt, itwastoldofTh.thatshewasvery ill;impers.,mérspyrstáþannveg, Iam told;hefirtilþessaskipsaldregispurzt, nothinghassincebeenheardofthisship; s.fyrirume-t, toinquireabout (þeir spurðustþáfyrirumferðirÓlafskonungs);recipr. toaskoneanother (spyrjast tíðenda).

spyrna (-da, -dr),v. tospurn;s.fœtiá e-n or áe-m,s.fœtitile-s, topushone withthefoot,tokick (Þórrspyrndifœti sínumáhann);s.fœti(fótum)íe-t, to putorpressone’sfoot(feet)against;s.við, tostruggleagainstwiththefeet (itfyrs-

tasinn,erúlfrinnspyrndivið,brotnaði sáfjöturr);s.e-uafsér, tokickoff (gat hannspyrntafsérfjötrinum);fráspyrndrallrieign, spurnedfrom,bereftof;recipr.,spyrnastíiljar, totouchoneanother withthesoles (oftwostretchedontheir backs).

spytta (-tta, -ttr),v. tocheat (e-naf e-u) one out of a thing.

spýja (spý, spjó, spúinn),v. tospew, vomit,withdat.(hónspjólöngumblóði). spýja,f. vomitiing,vomit (gausórhonum s. mikil).

spýta (-tta, -tt),v. tospit (þrælar hans spýttu í andlit honum).

spænskr, a. Spanish. spölr (gen. spalar,pl. spelir,acc. spölu),m.(1) rail,bar;smuguþeirmilli spalanna, theycreptbetweenthebars;(2) bit,shortpiece (hefjauppsöguoksegjaaf spöl nökkurn).

spöng (gen. spangar,pl. spengr),f. spangle (varúlagðaryfirspengrafgulli); floe,flakeofice (Markarfljótféllímillum höfuðísa, ok váru spengr á hér ok hvar). spönn (gen. spannar,pl. spannir),f. span (spannarbreiðr,langr);knífrinnvar spannarframfráhepti, theknifewasa span long from the haft. spörr (gen. spörs or sparrar),m. sparrow (s. flaug í akr karls).

stabbi, m. block, = stobbi, stubbi. staða,f. standing (leiddistbœndum staðan); place, position. staða-fé,n. church-property; -mál,n. contest (betweentheclergyandlaity) aboutchurchproperty; -menn,m.pl. the lay proprietors of the church estates. staðar-fólk,n. townsfolk; -forráð, n. administrationofachurchestablishment; -prestr,m. parish-priest; -set-

ning, f. establishment of a convent. staddr,pp.from‘steðja’;(1) placed, present;efhannvarþars.,þarsemblót vóru, ifhehappenedtobepresent;vera við(or hjá)s., tobepresent;veraútis., tobeoutsidethehouse;(2) placedinacertainposition,situated,circumstanced (vel, illas.);lítts., doingpoorly;hvíerykkrsvá statttilSigfússona, whydoyetalkthusof the sons of S. stað-fastliga,adv. steadfastly; -fastligr,a. steadfast,firm; -fastr,a. (1) residing,abiding (varhann-fastrá Haðalandi);(2) steadfast (þúert-fastari enflestirmennaðrir);(3) faithful, staunch (-fastrvinumsínum);(4) firm, settled (-fastrdómr);-fastískapie-s, fixedinone’smind; -festa (see festa), v.(1) togiveafixedabode;-festasik, to takeupone’sabode;(2) tomakefirm, steadfast (staðfestuþeirþettamálmeð sér);-festaráðsitt, toestablishoneself; -festaatgerae-t, tomakeupone’smind todoathing;(3)refl.,-festast, totake upone’sabode,establishoneself (þáerek kematöðrusinni,munekhér-festast); tobedetermined (-festistþessiráðagerð); togrowfirm,strong (semríkihans-festist meirr); -festa,f.(1) fixedabode,residence (hafa,taka-festu);(2) steadfastness,stability,firmness;(3) confirmation; -festi,f. steadfastness,firmness; -festing,f. confirmation; -festr,pp. steadfast. staðfestu-bréf,n. deedofconfirmation; -lauss,a. withoutafixedabodeor livelihood. stað-góðr,a. welltempered (-gott sverð); -högg,n. agoodhitorblow (koma -höggi á e-n). staðinn,pp.from‘standa’;vitatil

staðins, to know for certain. stað-lausa,f. absurdity,folly;mæla -lausustafi, totalkmuchfolly; -lauss,a. timid,unsteady; -leysi,n. restlessnessof mind,unsteadiness; -ligr,a.(1) local (lignálægð);(2) steadfast,firm; -lyndr,a. stubborn.

staðna (að),v. tostop,pause,abate (staðnaði þá kurr búandanna).\

stað-nefna (-da, -dr),v. todetermine (-nefna um e-t).

staðr (-ar, ir),m.(1) ‘stead’,place, spot;fimmtáníhvárumstað, fifteenin eachplace;íeinumstaðíEnglandi, somewhereinEngland;skiptaítvá,fjórastaði, todivideintotwo,fourparts;faraafstað, togoaway,leave;hafasikafstað, toabsentoneself;bíðae-sórstað, towaitonthe spot,waittilloneisattacked (Baglarbiðu eigihöggannaórstað,okflýðuþeirupp fyrirnorðanbœinn);ráðae-utilstaðar, tosettle;gefae-ustað, tostop;þeirgefa eigistaðferðinni, theystoppednoton theirjourney;gefastaðar, tostop,halt;þá ersáíssgafstaðarokranneigi, when thaticestoppedandflowednomore;nema stað or staðar, tostop (hérmunumvér staðnema);leitastaðar, toseekaplace toeaseoneself;(2)adverbially,ístað,þegarístað, onthespot,atonce;réttístað, justnow;ímargastaði, inmanyrespects; íallastaði, ineveryrespect;íenganstað, no-ways;íannanstað, ontheotherhand, secondly;ístaðinn, instead;allsstaðar, everywhere;annarsstaðar, elsewhere; nökkursstaðar, anywhere;(3) end,result; vilekvita,hvernstaðeigaskalmálit, I wishtoknowhowthematteristostand; komaíeinnstaðniðr, toturnoutthesame way;(4) stop,pause,hesitation (þeimvarð s.áumandsvörin);(5) springness,elas-

ticity,ofsteel,&c.;okdregrórallan ataðinnórboganum, thebowlostallits spring;(6) strengthofmind,courage;mun hannekkieigastaðviðsjónumhans, he willnotbeabletostandhislooks;gørastað íhestinn, tomakethehorsefirm (7) mark, print,traces (þeirsáþarenganstaðþeira tíðinda,erþarhöfðuorðit);(8) church establishment,church,convent (staðrinní Skálaholti,áHólum);(9) town (marga staðivannhanníþessulandiívaldGirkjakonungi).

staðr,a. restive,ofahorse;verðas.at, to stop, start, from surprise. stað-ramr,a. steadfast; -ráða (see ráða),v. todetermine,makeupone’s mind; -remi,f. steadfastness; -þrotinn, pp. quite exhausted. stafa (að),v.(1) toputletterstogether; (2) toassign,allot (sýnistossþessum manniharðrdauðistafaðr);s.e-meið, to dictateanoathtoanother;s.fyrire-m, to ordain (skylduþeirs.fyrirþeimslíkt,er þeirvildi);s.fyrirfésínu, todisposeof one ’ s goods.

stafaðr, pp. striped (stafat segl).

stafa-nöfn,n.pl. namesofletters; -setning,f. arrangementofletters; -skipti,n. transpositionofletters; -snúning, f. metathesis.

staf-karl, m. poor beggar. stafkarla-búningr,m. beggardress; -letr, n. a kind of runic letter. stafkarls-gervi,n. beggar’sgarb; -stígr,m. beggary,vagrancy;troða-stíg, tobereducedtobeggary;takaupp-stíg, to take to begging. staf-kerling,f. beggar-woman; -kerti,n. taper,candle; -lauss,a. without astick (ganga-lauss or -laust); -ligr,a. pertainingtoletters; -lurkr,m. cudgel;

-lægja,f. oneofthelongbeamsalongthe walls joining the pillars (stafir).

stafn (-s, -ar),m.(1) thestemofa ship,esp. theprow;stafnaámeðal,með stöfnum, fromstemtostern;hafae-tfyrir stafni, tobeengagedinawork;berjastum stafna, tofightstemtostem;deilaums. viðe-n, tohaveahardstrugglewithone; (2) gable-end (of a building).

stafn-búi,m. forecastle-man (onawarship); -gluggr,m. gable-window; -haf, -hald,n. standing,course (onthesea); -hár,a. stem-high; -hvíla,f. bedinthe gable; -kasta (að),v.impers.,-kastaði skipinu, theshipcapsized; -lé, -ljár,m. grapplinghook; -lok,n. half-deckinthe forecastle; -rekkja,f.=-hvíla; -sveit,f. forecastle-men,=stafnbúasveit; -sæng, f.=-hvíla; -tjald,n. tentinthebowor

stem.

stafr (-s, -ir),m.(1) staff,post ina building,=uppstöðutré;(2) stave ofa cask;(3) staff,stick (gangaviðstaf);(4) writtenletter,stave;(5)pl.stafir, lore,wisdom (fornir stafir).

staf-rór, n. the alphabet. stafs-högg,n. blowwithastick (ljósta e-n -högg).

staf-sløngva,f. aslingonastick (opp. to‘handsløngva’); -sproti,m. stick (tak -sprotann í hönd þér).

stag,n. stay,esp.theropefromthe masttothestem(enerþeirdróguseglit, gekk í sundr stagit).

staga (að), v. (1) to bind, sew up. stagl, n. rack (þenja or festa í stagli).

stagstjórn-marr, m. poet. ship. staka (að),v.(1) topushorshove (þeir stökuðuGretti);(2) tostagger,stumble (stakar hann at eldinum).

staka, f. ditty, stanza.

staka, f. skin, hide.

staka-stormr, m. strong gale. stakk-garðr, m. stack-yard (for hay).

stakkr (-s, -ar),m.(1) cape,short cloak (hannvaríblámstakki);(2) stack ofhay;stakksvöllr, afieldproducingone stack.

stakra (að), v. = staka.

stalla-hringr, m. altar-ring. stallari, m. a king’s marshal. stallbrœðra-lag, n. fellowship. stall-heilagr,a. altar-holy (menn blóta þær á -helgum stað).

stalli,m.(heathen) altar (stóðþars.á miðju gólfinu).

stallr (-s, -ar),m.(1) pedestal,supportforanidol (skurðgoðsettástall);(2) crib,manger (hrossstóðviðstallokát); (3) thestepofamast (íssvarístallinum); dreprstallórhjartae-s,dreprstallhjarta e-s, one’s heart fails him. stallra (að),v.(1) tostopabit (s.við); (2) to falter (stallrar hjarta e-s).

stama (að), v. to stammer, stutter. stamp-austr,m. balingashipwitha tub, = byttu-austr.

stampr, m. a large tub.

stamr or stammr, a. stammering. standa (stend; stóð, stóðum; staðinn),v.(1) tostand,opp.tositja orliggja(hannstóðviðvegginn);koma standandiniðr, tocomedownonone’s feet;skalmikniðrsetjastandanda, ina standingposition;s.fast, tostandfast; s.höllumfœti, tostandslanting;(2) to stand,stick (G.skautsváfastniðrskildinum,athannstóðfastríjörðunni); sveininumstóðfiskbeiníhálsi, thebone stuckinhisthroat;(3) tostand,remain; borðstóðu, stood,werenotremoved;(4) tostand,besituated (bœreinnstóðskamt

fráþeim);(5) tostandstill,rest,pause (stóðþákyrrtnökkurahríð);verðrhér fyrstats.sagan, thestorymuststophere forthepresent;(6) tolast (hafðilengi staðitbardaginn);(7) tobefit,become (konungrkvaðþateigis.,atmennlægisvá); ekkistendrþérslíkt, itdoesnotbefitthee; (8) tostandinacertainway,project,trend (fjögurhornokstóðufagrt,hitþriðja stóðíloptupp);stendrinnstraumrinn, thetide(current)standsin;blóðbogistóð órhvárutveggjaeyranu, astreamofblood gushedoutofbothhisears;kallarhannbetrs.veðritatfaralandhallt, thatthewind standsbetterformakingland;stóðvindraflandi, thewindblewfromtheland; s.grunnt, tobeshallow (vináttaokkur stendrgrunnt);(9) totouch;s.grunn, to stickontheground (örkinstóðgrunn); (10) tocatch,overtake (hanndrapmenn Eiríkskonungs,hvarsemhannstóðþá); s.e-nate-u, tocatchonedoingathing (efmaðrverðratþvístaðinn,athann meiðirsmalamanna);(11) tostand,endure,bear (s.e-t or e-u);(12) topress, urge,trouble (ellistóðHárek);hvatstendrþik, whatailsthee? (13) toweigh so much(gullhringr,erstóðmörk);(14) to standbyone,sidewithone,withdat.; mikilservert,hversufastN.stendrþér umallaráðagerð, howcloseN.standsby theeinallcounsel;(15)withpreps.;s.af e-u, toproceedfrom,becausedby (opt stendrilltafkvennahjali);vilokekeigi, atafmérstandibrigðokkarrarvináttu, nordoIwishtobethecauseofabreach inourfriendship;s.afe-uviðe-n, togive up,cedetoone;impers.,segirhannhonum,hvernigafstóðumferðhans, how thematterstoodastohisjourney;s.atem, toattack (varviðsjálft,atþeirmundu

standa S standa

s.atprestinum); tostandbyone,onone’s side (ekveiteigivíst,hvaðanG.innríki stendrat);s.áe-u, tostandon,insist on (statteiáþví,erþérerbannat);impers.,stendráillueinumeðþeim, they areonverybadterms;s.áe-m, tohang overone (súskóggangssök,eráþérstendr); toreferto (þatheilræðistóðuppá þennasamasendiboða);s.eptir, toremain,beleft;s.fyrire-u, tostandinthe wayof (þeirkváðugeiphennarekkiskyldus.fyrirþingreiðþeira);s.e-mfyrir þrifum, tostandinthewayofone’sthriving; tostandbeforeone,protectone (vér skulumEgilaflífitaka,enhlífaengum, erfyrirhonumvills.);s.hjáe-m, tostand byone,assistone;s.íe-u, tobeengaged in,busiedwith (s.íbardögum,einvígum, málum,kvánbœnum);impers.,stendrí deilumeðþeim, thereisaquarrelbetween them;s.meðblóma, tobeinaflourishing condition;s.móti(ámóti,ímóti)e-u, to standagainst;s.saman, tostandtogether, begathered,amassed (þarstóðauðrmikill saman);s.tile-s, totendtowards;s.til umbótar, tostandformending,needit; sembœnyðurstendrtil, asyourprayer tendsto;eptirþeimefnum,semhonum þœttitils., accordingtothemeritsofthe case;eptirþvísemlögstóðutil, asthelaw was (takaþeirallirviðbótum,semlög stóðutil);impers.,stendrtile-s, itisto beexpected,feared (tillangrameinamun s.,ef);s.e-mtile-s, toassist,helpone (B. segir,hversuÓ.hafðihonumtilstaðit); s.undan, tobelacking (mikitstendrundanviðhannívinfenginu);s.velundir e-t, tosupportwell,backitupwell (munu margirvelundirþats.);s.undire-m, to beinone’spossession,keeping (féitstendr undirhonum);s.upp, tostandup from

aseat(þástóðS.uppokmæltihátt); to risefrombed (s.uppokklæðast); tobe leftstanding (fimmeinirmennstóðuupp áskipinu);s.uppi, tobeleftstanding (K. hinnauðgiflýðiokalltliðhans,þater uppistóð;húsþau,eruppistóðu); tobe laidupashore,ofaship(stiguþeiráskip þat,erþarhafðiuppistaðitumvetrinn); ofacorpse, tolieonthebier (líkKjartansstóðuppiívikuíHjarðarholti);of abow, tobekeptbent (boginnmáeigi einartuppis.);s.viðe-u, towithstand (víkingarsváharðfengir,atekkistendr við);impers.,stendrviðe-t, itisonthe vergeof (þeiráttusváharðaleika,atvið meiðingarstóð);s.yfire-u, tobepresent at (heldrvildihannþennakjósaens.yfir drápiÞorgilsfrændasíns); toextend (þar erþeiraríkistendryfir);s.yfir, tostand over,last (hversulengiskalfjárbónsjá yfirs.?);íþessumgriðumoksvardögum, semyfirstanda, whichnowstand,arein force;(16)refl.,standast, tobeableto stand,keepone’sfeet (T.rendifyrirhann törgu,oksteðjaðihannyfirupp,ok stóðstþó); tobevalid,holdgood (íöðru skuluþínráðs.,eneigihérum); tostand, bear,tolerate;Káristóðstþettaeigi, K. couldnotstandthis;s.e-m, tobeequalto, beamatchfor (Ö.varsváfrœkinnmaðr, atfáirstóðusthonum);s.afe-m, toproceed,arisefromone;afhennimuns.allt itilla, fromherwillariseallkindofill; svástenztafumferðmína, thematter standssoastomyjourney;recipr.,standastá, tostandoppositeoneanother (bœr hansstóðstáokkonungsatsetr); tocorrespond,answertoeachother,inregard tosize,duration&c.(þatstóðstánesit þvertokfylkingþeira);stóðstþat(allt féit)áendumokþat,erG.áttiatgjalda

fyrirsik, itcamejusttowhatG.hadtopay forhimself;stenzthelfrímótimeðþeim hjónum, theywereratheratsixesandsevens, did not agree well.

stand-söðull, m. high saddle. stanga (að),v.(1) tostick,prick,goad; s.órtönnumsér, topicktheteeth;(2) to butt,gore (nautinstönguðuuxanntilbana);(3)refl.,stangast, tobuttoneanother.

stanka (að), v., s. við, to be reluctant. stapi, m. a steeple-formed single rock. stappa (að),v.(1) tostamp;s.fótum, tostampwiththefeet;s.snjóinn, tostamp (beat)downthesnow;(2) tobray,ina mortar (s. lauk).

stara (stari, starða, starat),v. to stare, gaze (s. á e-n).

starf,n. labour,work,toil,business; hafðikonungrmikits.þanndag, theking wasverybusy;veraístarfimeðe-m, tobe at work with one, assist one in his work. starfa (að),v.(1) towork;s.íe-u or at e-u, tobebusyabout (s.íþingdeildum,at matseld);s.ámönnum, totroublepeople; (2) to do, work at. starfa-lítill,a. nottroublesome; sýnistmérþetta-minna, lesstroublesome; -mikill, a. troublesome. starfi,m.=starf;hafastarfaámönnum, toencumberpeoplewithtoil;leggja starfa á e-t, to take pains about. starf-lítill,a.=starfalítill; -samr,a. laborious,troublesome;hafa(eiga)-samt, to have much trouble. starfs-ísmótt,f. workingdress; -maðr,m. worker,workman (maðr ættsmár ok -maðr góðr).

starf-sveinn,m. workman,assistant (hverr þeira með -sveinum).

stari or starri, m. starling.

star-sýnn,a. staring;þráinnvarsýnn

áÞórgerðiGlúmsdóttur, keptstaringat her.

stauli, m. lad, in ‘sveinstauli’. staulpa, f. lass, in ‘meystaulpa’. staup,n.(1) knobbylump (s.mikitsem mannshöfuð); (2) beaker, stoup. staura (að),v. todrivedownastake; refl., staurast, to be impaled. staura-garðr, m. paling. staurr (-s, -ar),m. pale,stake (váru settir stórir staurar yfir díkin).

stál,n.(1) steel (sverð,spjótórstáli); sverfatilstáls, tofightitouttothelast (hannkvaðþáverðaatsverfatilstáls meðþeim);(2) steeledweapon (heyra máttifjórarmílurerstálinmœttust);(3) thebeak ofaship(þeirhöfðuraskóttfyrir stálinu);(4) theinsideofahaystack (hann tóklaustheyórstálinu);(5) intercalary sentence in a verse.

stál-broddr, -gaddr,m. steelprodor spike; -gorr,a. madeofsteel; -harðr, a. hardassteel; -hattr,m. steelhat; -hjálmr,m. steelhelmet; -húfa,f. steel cap.

stálpaðr,pp. grownup (ungarnirvóru lítt stálpaðir).

stál-pík,f.=-gaddr; -slá,f. steelbar; -sleginn,pp. steel-mounted; -sorfinn, pp. filed to the steel. stedda,f. mare (skaldsveinnleiðandi eina steddu).

steði (gen. steðja),m.(1) stithy,anvil (S.hjóísteðjannokklaufniðrífótinn); (2) the mint (konungs s.).

steðja (að), v. to bound, leap. steðja (steð, stadda, staddr),v.(1) tostop (nústaddikonungrliðsitt);(2) tofix,settle (hónhafðistattíhugsérat þjónaguðieinumíhreinlífi);s.e-tfyrir

sér, todetermine,decideon (þúmunthafa stattfyrirþér,hvarniðrskalkoma);(3) tomakefirm (þáerhannhafðistattok styrktríkisitt);(4) topermit (s.fyrirboðna hluti).

steðja-nef,n. thethinendofananvil; -steinn,m. stone-baseofananvil; -stokkr, m. anvil-block. stef (gen.pl. stefja),n.(1) term,time fixed;vikus., aweek’snotice;(2) refrain (in the central portion of a ‘drápa’).

stefja (að),v.(1) toprevent (s.manntjón); (2) s. á e-n, to address one. stefja-bálkr,m., -mál or -mel,n. eachofthesetsofversesendingwiththe stef in a drápa.

stef-lauss,a. withoutburden,ofapoem (drápa en steflausa).

stefna (-da, -dr),v.(1) togoinacertaindirection,esp.ofsailing(s.inn fjörðinn,útórfirðinum);þat(viz. dýrit) stefnditilHrútsstaða, itmadeforH.;(2) toaimat (höggitstefndiáfótlegginn);emverðrnærstefnt, onehasanarrowescape;betrfórentilvarstefnt, betterthan itwasbegun,ofluckbetterthanforesight;withdat.,s.sértilørkumla, toexposeoneselfto;(3) togivenoticetoone, summonone;s.e-mume-t, tosummon oneforathing;ekskalþérMörðrvera oks.þérafkonunni, andsummontheeto giveupthywife;(4) tocite;s.sök,máli, tobringacase(suit)intocourt;(5) tocall, summon (s.e-mtiltalsviðsik,ásinn fund);s.atsérliði, tosummontroops;s. e-msaman, tocalltogether (s.samanöllumlýð);(6)withacc. tocalltogether,fix, appoint (þeirstefnduþarþing,enbœndr vildu eigi til koma).

stefna,f.(1) direction,course;halttu framstefnunni, keeponinthesamedirec-

tion;(2) appointedmeeting (N.konungr komfyrrmiklutilstefnunnarokbeiðþar lengi);(3) theappointedtimeformeeting (ers.súvarliðin,erákveðinvar,þá etc.); (4) summons;þriggjanáttas., asummons withthreedays’notice;Otkelllætrþegar dynjastefnuna, O.immediatelythundered out the summons.

stefni, n. prow, stem, = stafn. stefning, f. summoning, citation. stefnu-boð,n. asummoningtoameeting; -dagr,m. dayofsummons (leggjaem-dag);plur.,-dagar, summoning-days (whensummoningcouldbelawfully done); -för,f. summoning-journey (fara -för); -lag,n. appointmentforameeting; -leiðangr,m. navalexpeditiontoanappointedmeeting; -myrginn,m. themorningofacitation-day; -staðr,m. meetingplace,appointment (halda-stað); -stund, f. thetimeofanappointment; -sök,f. a caseofcitation; -tal,n. discourseata meeting; -tími,m. meeting-time; -váttr,m. awitnesstoasummons; -vætti,n. evidence of a lawful summoning. steggi, m. he-bird, in ‘andar-steggi’. stegla (-da, -dr),v. toexpose,setup (a slain enemy’s head).

steigur-liga, adv. proudly. steik (gen. -ar, pl. -ar), f. steak. steikara-hús,n. kitchen; -höfðingi, -meistari, m. head cook, master cook. steikari, m. roaster, cook. steikja (-ta, -tr),v. toroast (s.áteini);s.smæraen, tohaveasmallersteak on the spit than. steina (-da, -dr),v. tostain,colour, paint (skipitvaralltsteintfyrirofansjó); steind klæði, coloured cloths. steina-brú,f. stonebridge,stonearch; -sørvi, n. stone necklace.

stelari, m. stealer, thief. stelkr, m. redshank (a bird).

stelling,f. mast-step (íssvarí stellingunni); cf. ‘stallr’ 3. stemma (-da, -dr),v. tostem,stop,dam up,esp.astreamorfluid(þeirstemdu sváuppivatnit);steinnsá,erstemdi þurftina, stoppedtheurine;impers.,stóra lœkistemdiuppi, werestemmed,obstructed;refl.,stemmast, tobestayed,to abate (kvaðviðþatoptstríðmannastemmast).

stengja (-da, -dr),v. tobar (s.dyrr); s.úti, toshutout (þérviliðstengjaútipáfann sjálfan).

sterk-leikr,m. strength (ágætrat -leik); -ligr, a. strong-looking. sterkr,a.(1) strong,stark (hannvar mikillmaðroks.);(2) great (sterkorrusta, sterk veizla).

sterk-viðri, n. a strong gale. sterta (-rta, -rtr),v. tostiffen (húskona sterti ermar).

stertr, m. short tail, dock. stétt (pl. -ir),f.(1) pavement;(2) stepping-stones (þeirfœrðustéttirþæríána, eraldrihefirórrekitsíðan);(3) degree, rank (hverrarstéttarertu?);(4) order, condition; (5) base of a vessel. stétta (að),v.(1) tobethesourceof (s. mikitillt);(2) toaid,assist,withdat.or acc.; (3) to do good. stéttar-ker, n. a vessel with a base.

stein-bítr,m. sea-wolf,wolf-fish; -blindr,a. stone-blind; -bogi,m. stone arch; -borg,f. stonecastle; -delfr,m. wheat-ear,fallowfinch; -dyrr,f.pl. doorwayofstone; -garðr,m. stonefence; -geit, f. ibex. steingeitar-merki, n. Capricorn. stein-gólf,n. stonefloor; -hjarta,n. heartofstone; -hús,n. stonehouse; -höll,f. stonehall; -kast,n. throwing stones,astone’sthrow; -ketill,m. stone kettle; -kirkja,f. stonechurch; -ligr,a. stony (-ligthjarta); -meistari,m. stonemason; -mustari,n.=-kirkja; -múrr, m. stone wall. steinn (-s, -ar),m.(1) stone,boulder, rock (s.einnmikill);(2) preciousstone (bitullinnvarsettrsteinum);(3) calculus orstoneinthebladder;(4) paint (skip teintbæðihvítumsteiniokrauðum);(5) stonebuilding,cloister,cell;setjast(or ganga) í stein, to become a hermit. stein-nökkvi,m. stone-boat; -óðr or -óði,a. violent (eptirþatkomá-óðrútnyrðingr); -pikka,f. mason’spick; -ráfr,n. stoneroof; -setja,v. tosetwith stones; -smiðr,m. mason; -smíð,f. stone-masonry; -smíði,n.(1)=-smíð;(2) articlesworkedofstone,stoneimplements; -sótt,f. calculousdisease,stone; -spjald,n. stonetablet; -stólpi,m. stone pillar; -stræti,n. pavedstreet; -tálga, f. stone-carving; -veggr,m. stonewall; -virki,n. fortificationofstone; -þildr, pp. panelledwithstone; -þró,f. stonecoffin; -ör, f. stone arrow. stekkr (-jar or -s, -ir or -ar),m. lamb’s fold (sem lamb ór stekk). stekk-tíð,f. thetimewhenthelambs are kept in folds. stela (stel; stal, stálum; stolinn),v. tosteal,withdat.;s.e-ufrá e-m, tostealfromone;s.e-ne-u, torob oneof (s.e-neignsinni);ásserstolinn hamri, Thorisrobbedofhishammer;refl., stelastate-m or áe-n, tostealupon,attackoneunawares;s.fráe-m, tosteal awayfrom;recipr.,stelastfrá, tosteal from one another.

stéttr,m.(1) rank,position;(2) condition, state.

steyldr, a. crouching, bent.

steypa (-ta, -tr),v.(1) tothrow(hurl) down (hannsteypirsérþáútafþekjunni);(2) tooverthrow (þatmunguðvilja, atvérsteypinnhonum);(3) tocaston or off agarment(s.afsérbrynjunni,s.á sikgrárikápu);hannhafðiloðkápuyzt oksteypthettinum, hadletthehoodsink overtheface;(4) topourout,withdat. (s.soðiáleiðihans);hannláts.þará gullinu, hepouredthegoldoutintoit; hanntókövarnaroksteypirþeimniðr fyrirsik, andthrowsthemdownbefore him;(5) tocast,found,withacc.(vartaflit alltsteyptafsilfri);(6)refl.,steypast, to tumbledown,fallstooping (steyptisthann dauðrágólfit);s.fyrirborð, toplung overboard;s.íkaf, toplungeintowater and dive.

steypari,m. caster,founder;cf. ‘eirsteypari’.

steyping, f. overthrow, degradation. steyptr,pp. comingdownovertheface (steyptir hjálmar).

steyta (-tta, -ttr),v.(1) tothrow,cast violently (þeirsteytaþeimútórvagninum); (2) to pound, bray. steytr, m. shock (of a wave).

stig,n.(1) step,pace;(2) stepofaladder;(3)pl. degree,rank;afháfum(lágum, litlum)stigum, ofhigh(low)degree (birth).

stiga-maðr, m. highwayman. stig-gata,f. footpath; -hosur,f.pl. riding-stockings. stigi,m. ladder (hannþóttistsjástiga frá himnum).

stigr or stígr (-s, ar;pl. -ar, -ir, acc. -a, -u),m. path;ryðjastíginn, to

cleartheway;takaúkunnastíga, towalk inunknownpaths;stemmastígafyrirem, tobarone’sway,cutoneoff;kanna úkunnastigu, tovisitunknownpaths(foreignlands);afhverjumstig, fromeverywhere.

stig-reip, n. ‘stepping-rope’, stirrup. stik,n.pl. stakes,piles,whichintimes ofwarweredriveninthemouthsof rivers(hannlétoks.gøraíánaTems með blý ok járni).

stika (að),v.(1) todrivepilesinto; Ólafrkonungrléts.ánauppi, heblocked theriverbymeansofpiles;(2) tomeasure with a yard-measure (s. lérept vaðmál).

stika,f.(1) stick;(2) candlestick (=kertastika);(3) yard,yard-measure,equalto twoIcelandicells(mennskyldihafa stikur,þærerværitveggjaalnaatlengd). stikill (pl. stiklar),m. thepointed end of a horn (stikillinn hornsins).

stikinn, a. disagreeable. stikk-knífr, m. dagger, dirk. stikla (að), v. to be roasted. stilla (-ta, -tr),v.(1) tostill,soothe, calm (Njörðrstillirsjáokeld);s.sik, to controloneself,keepcontrolofone’stemper;s.sonuokkura, torestrainoursons; (2) tomoderate,temper,withdat.(konungrvarallreiðrokstilltiþóvelorðum sínum);(3) toarrange,settle;velerþessu íhófstillt, thisisveryjustlysettled;s. gørðinni, tomoderate,regulatethearbitration;s.tilume-t, toarrange (hversu þeirskylditils.umferðina);s.svátil, at, tomanage,that (núskulumvérs.svá til,atþeirnáieigiatrenna);(4) totune aninstrument(s.hörpu,strengi);(5) to walkwithmeasure,noiselesssteps (hann stilltiatrekkjunnihljóðliga);(6) toentrap,outwit (hannþykkistnúhafastilltan

þik mjök í þessu).

stilli,n.(1) self-control,calmness (með góðus.);(2) trap (núhefirrefrinnís. gengit).

stilli-liga,adv. composedly,calmly, withmoderation (mæla,fara-liga); -ligr, a. moderate, calm, composed. stilling,f.(1) management (kunna góðas.áe-u);(2) moderation,calmness, temperance (hafa s. við).

stillingar-maðr, m. moderate man. stillir (gen. -is), m. moderator, king. stilltr, a. calm, moderate, composed. stinga (sting; stakk, stungum; stunginn),v.(1) tothrust,stick,with dat.(hannstakkniðrmerkinuíeldinn); s.niðrnösum, tobitethedust;s.viðfótum, tostopshort;(2) tostab,withacc.; s.auguórhöfðimanns,s.útaugue-s, to putoutone’seyes;impers.,stingrmikí hjartat, myheartaches;s.e-naf, tomake awaywithone;s.afstokkiviðe-n, topush away,cutoneshort;s.afumliðveizlu, torefusetogranthelp;(3)refl.,stingast tile-s, tothrustoneselfforward (þúhefir mjök stungizt til þessa máls).

stingi,m. astitchintheside (kennasér stinga undir síðunni).

stinnr,a.(1) stiff,unbending,strong (stinntspjót);flúgastinnt, toflywith greatforce;(2) stiff,great,heavy (stinn manngjöld).

stira (-ða), v. to stare, = stara. stirð-fœttr,a. stiff-footed,stifflegged; -kveðinn,pp. stiffincomposition,ofpoetry; -lyndr,a. stubborn,obstinate; -læti,n. frowardness,hardtemper.

stirðna (að),v.(1) tobecomestiff,stiffen;stirðanaðrafelli, stiffwithage;(2) to becomesevere (veðrtókats.);ofthetem-

per, tobecomeharsh (þeirtókumjökats. við hann).

stirð-orðr,a. havingdifficultyofutterance (fámæltr ok -orðr).

stirðr,a.(1) stiff,rigid (fótinngørði stirðansemtré);stirtkvæði, apoemlackinginmetricalfluency;e-merstirtum mál, onetalkswithdifficulty,hasnofluent tongue;(2) harsh,severe (s.dómr);(3) stiff,unbending (Helgagørðiststirðvið Hrafn).

stirfinn, a. froward, peevish. stirndr, a. starry (s. himinn).

stirtla (að),v. toraisewithdifficulty; karlgetrstirtlatséráfœtr, managedto stagger to his feet. stía (að), v. to pen lambs. stífla (að), v. to dam up (s. lœk).

stífla, f. dam (gøra stíflu í árósinum). stíga (stig; steig or sté, stigum; stiginn),v.(1) tostep,tread (hónmátti ekkis.áfótinn);s.fótumáland, toset footonland;s.fram, tostepforward; to die,=farafram;s.undanborði, torise fromtable;s.áhest,s.ábak, tomount one’shorse,getonhorseback;s.afhesti, afbaki, toalight;s.áskip, togoonboard; s.fyrirborð, toleapoverboard;s.ofan, to stepdown;s.upp, toascend;s.tilríkis, toascendthethrone;s.yfire-t, toovercome;s.yfirhöfuðe-m, togetthebetterof one;(2) tostepon,setfooton,withacc.; hérstéhónlandaflegi, shelandedhere fromthesea;O.steigísundrorfit, O.trod asunder the scythe-handle. stígr, m. path; see ‘stigr’. stíll, m. style (of writing). stíma (að), v. to have a tussle. stíman, f. hubbub, tumult. stívarðr, f. steward. stjaka (að),v. togiveapushto,with

stjarna S stofna

dat. (Fróði stjakaði honum).

stjarna, f. star; spec. polar star. stjóri,m.(1) steerer,ruler (gumnas.); (2) stone anchor. stjórn,f.(1) steering,steerage;(2) helm,rudder;sitjaviðs., tositatthe helm;Ormrinnlétekkiats., didnotobey therudder;ás., onthestarboardside (lá landitás.);ástjórnHákonijarli, onthe starboardsideofEarlH.;(3) rule,government;þatermeires.,at, itismorefitting, that.

stjórna (að),v. toruleover,govern, withdat.;(lifirhannofallaraldirok stjórnar öllu ríki sínu).

stjórnaðar-maðr, m. ruler. stjórnan, f. ruling. stjórnar-blað,n. thebladeofarudder (á stafni ok á -blaði).

stjórnari,m.(1) steersman;(2) ruler, guider (s. himintunglanna).

stjórnar-lauss,a. withoutrule (-laust ríki); -maðr,m.(1) steersman;(2) ruler (maðryfire-u); -vald, -veldi,n. authority; -völr, m. tiller; cf. ‘hjálmunvölr’.

stjórn-bitlaðr,pp. bitted,bridled,of ahorse(bráhónafstalli-bitluðum); -borði,m. starboardside; -byrðingr, m. starboardman; -fastr,a. provided witharudder; -lauss,a. rudderless; -látr,a.=-samr; -ligr,a. orderly; -marr,m.poet. ‘ruddersteed’,ship; -samr,a. ableasaruler,fittedtorule; -við (gen. -viðjar),f. bandfasteningthe ruddertotheship; -völr,m.=stjórnarvölr.

stjóp-barn,n. stepchild; -dóttir,f., -faðir,m., -móðir,f. step-daughter,-father, -mother. stjúpr, m., stepson, = stjúpsonr. stjölr (acc. pl. stjölu), m. rump.

stjörnu-bók,f.(bookof) astronomyor astrology.

stjörnubókar-list,f.=stjörnubók; -maðr, m. astronomer, astrologer. stjörnu-gangr,m. thecourseofthe stars; -íþrótt, -list,f. astronomy; -ljós,n. star-light; -mark,n. constellation; -meistari,m. astrologer; -rím,n. astrology; -tal,n. numberofstars; -vegr, m. constellation. stoð (pl. støðr, steðr,later stoðir), f.(1) pillar,post;eruveggirhansoksteðr okstólparafrauðugulli, itswallsandpillarsandpostsareofredgold;(2)fig. prop, support (margarstoðirrunnuundirhann, frændr, mágar ok vinir).

stoða (að),v.(1) tostay,support,back (s.mále-s);s.tile-s, tohelp,assistina thing;(2) toavail,boot,withdat.;ekki munmérþats.,efmérerdauðiætlaðr, thatwithstandmeinnostead,ifdeath isdoomedforme;hvatstoðarþat, what boots it?

stoða-maðr, m. supporter. stofa,f. sitting-room (millistofuokeldhúss; frá eldaskála inn í stofu).

stofn (-s, -ar),m.(1) stumpofacut tree (varþáeyttskógunumokstóðustofnarnireptir);(2) foundation;standaá sterkumstofni, tostandonastrongfooting,standfirmly (ríkiterungtokstendr eigiásvásterkumstofnisemskyldi);setjavel(illa)ás.viðe-n, totreatonewell (badly);hefjasttveimstofnum, tolook uncertain, of a journey.

stofna (að),v. toestablish,found (s. mustari);s.heit, tomakeavow;s. hestaping, toarrange(getup)apublic horse-fight;s.ráð,ráðagerð,ætlan, to formaplan;s.kaup,kaupmála, tostrike abargain;S.kvaðhannvístverrlauna

vistinaenstofnatvar, worsethanwasintended.

stofu-búnaðr,m., -dyrr,f.pl., -gluggr,m., gólf,n., -horn,n., -hurð,f., -pallr,m., -reykr,m., the hangings,doorway,window,floor,corner, door, flooring, smoke of a sitting-room. stokka (að),v. tobuild,raise;s.hátt, to aim high. stokka-belti,n. abeltcomposedof platesclaspedtogether; -búr,n. achamberbuiltofstocksorlogs (asinNorway); -ker,n. acaskplacedonstocks (sýruker eðr stokkaker).

stokkinn,pp.from‘støkkva’;blóðis., sprinkledwithblood,blood-stained;E.var þááøfraaldriokstokkithárhans, E.was upinyears,andhishairwassprinkledwith grey.

stokk-lauss,a. withoutastock,ofan anchor.

stokkr (-s, -ar),(1) stock,trunk,block, logofwood (skutuþeirstokkiíhryginn sváatísundrtók);fœrafórnirstokkum eðasteinum, tooffertostocksorstones; (2) thewallofalog-house;innanstokks, fyririnnanstokk, insidethehouse,indoors (Hrútrfekkhenniöllráðíhendr fyririnnanstokk);útanstokks,fyrir útanstokk, outsidethehouse,out-ofdoors;(3)=set-stokkr;drekkae-naf stokki, todrinkoneunderthetable;stíga ástokkokstrengjaheit, toplaceone’sfoot onthestock (setstokkr) andmakeavow; (4) boardalongthefrontofa bed(Egill gekktilrekkjunnarArmóðsokhnykkti honumástokkfram);(5) anchor-stock,= akkeris-stokkr;(6) stockofan anvil(klauf SigurðrsteðjaReginsofanístokkinn meðsverðinu);(7) gunwaleofaship,= borðstokkr;(8)pl. stocksonwhichships

arebuilt,=bakka-stokkar;skipithljópaf stokkunumframáána, theshipslidofthe stocksintotheriver;(9) apairofstocks for culprits;setjae-nístokk, tosetonein thestocks;(10) apieceofwood putonthe hornsofcattle(varstokkrinnafhornum graðungsins); (11) trunk, chest, case. stoltr, stolts, a. proud. stoltz-liga, adv. proudly. stopall,a. shaking,reeling,rocking; fara,gangastopalt, tomeetwithamischance;stopaltmunuðganga,efit stundiðþangat, itwillbeillwithyou,ifye go thither. stoppa (að),v. tostuff (s.uppbelgmeð mosa ok lyng).

storð, f. young wood (falla sem s.).

storkna (að),v. tocoagulate,congeal (blóð hans var storknat).

storkr (-s, -ar), m. stork. storma-samr, a. stormy. stormr (-s, -ar),m.(1) gale,storm (stormarmiklir);(2) uproar,tumult,fury (setiðniðrhennastorm,okvíkisttilsætta við konung yðvarn).

storm-samligr, -samr,a. stormy; -viðri, n. storm-weather, tempest. stóð,n. studofhorse(s)andmares (hann gekk til stóðs síns).

stóð-hestr,m. stallion; -hross,n. stud-horse or -mare. stóla, f. stole, worn by ecciesiastics. stól-brúða,f., -brúðr,f. ‘chair-bride’, chair-post withacarvedhead; -konungr, m. the Greek emperor. stóll (-s, -ar),m.(1) stool,chair (setjastástól);(2) bishop’sseeorresidence (fórbiskupheimtilstólssíns);sitjaat stóli, tobebishop;veraatstóli, toreside (skalannarrbiskupveraatstóliíSkálaholti);(3) aking’sthroneorresidence (S.

konungrsettistólsinnokhöfuðstaðí Konungahellu); (4) pl. a class of angels. stóll,m.akindof table (hanntók borðbúnað af stólnum).

stóll, m. stock (cf. ‘skipastóll’).

stól-maðr, m. chairman. stólpi, m. post, pillar, column. stóls-brúðr, f. = stólbrúðr.

stól-setning,f. enthronement; -settr,pp. enthroned (varek-settrokvígðr konungsvígslu).

stór-auðingr,a. verywealthy; -ár,f. pl. largewaters; -beinóttr,a. largeboned (beinóttríandliti); -blót,n.pl. greatsacrifices; -bokkar,m.pl. mighty andoverbearingmen,lordlymagnates; -borgir,f.pl. bigtowns; -borinn,pp., -burðugr,a. high-born; -brögðóttr,a. verysly; -bú,n.pl. greatestates; -bygðir, f.pl. largecountiesorsettlemnents; -bœir,m.pl. greatestates; -bœndr,m. pl. greatfreeholders; -deildir,f.pl. great differences,quarrels; -draumar,m.pl. portentousdreams; -eflis-menn,m.pl. mighty men; -eignaðr, a. rich. stóreigna-maðr,m. greatlandowner (-maðr ok harðlyndr).

stór-eignir,f.pl. greatlandedestates; -erfiði,n. severetoil,hardwork; -eyjar, f.pl. greatislands; -fé,n. greatwealth; -feginn,a. veryfain,veryglad; -fengr, a. grand,stately;-fengkýr, agoodmilch cow; -fetaðr, -fetr,a., long-striding, takinggreatsteps; -fiskr,m. bigfish (whale); -fjaðrar,f.pl. bigfeathers; -fjöllóttr,a. withgreatmountains; -flokkar,m.pl. largedetachments; -fundir,m.pl. greatmeetings,greatbattles; -föt,n.pl. bigclothes; -ganga,f. muchwalking; -gjafar,f.pl. great,lordly gifts; -gjöfull,a. munificent; -gjöld,n.

pl. heavyfines; -glœpir,m.pl. great crimes; -gnípur,f.pl. greatpeaks; -góz, n. greatproperty; -grjót, -grýti,n. big stones,rocks; -grýttr,a. rocky,stony; -gætingr, -gœðingr,m. magnate; -hagr,a. veryskilled,handy; -heimakligr, a. grosslyfoolish; -heit,n.pl. greatvows; -heruð,n.pl. greatdistricts; -hlutir, m.pl. greatthings; -hræddr,a. much afraid; -hugaðr,a. high-minded,proud; -hveli,n. bigwhale; -höfðingi,m. greatmagnate; -höggr,a. dealingheavy blows; -illa,adv. verybadly; -illr,a. verybad; -jartegnir,f.pl. greatwonders,miracles; -kappar, greatchampions; -katlar,m.pl. bigkettles; -kaupmaðr, m. wholesaledealer; -klœki,n.pl. great wickedness; -kostliga,adv. ingrand style; -kostligr,a. grand; -kvikendi, n.pl. greatbeasts; -kvæði,n.pl. great poems; -langr,a. verylong; -látr,a. (1) proud,haughty;(2) munificent;(3) not contentwithlittle; -leiði,n. longway; -leikr,m.(1) greatness,size;(2) presumption,pride; -leitr,a. big-faced; -lendur,f.pl. greatlands; -liga,adv. (1) greatly,very;(2) proudly; -ligr,a.(1) great (-liggæfa);(2) proud,big (-ligorð); -lítt,adv. verylittle; -ljótr,a. veryugly; -lokkar,m.pl. longlocks; -lyndi,n. magnanimity,generosity; -lyndr,a. magnanimous,high-minded; -læti,n.(1) pride,overbearing;(2) liberality,munificence; -lönd,n.pl. greatlands; -mannliga,adv. likeagrandman,munificently; -mannligr,a. magnificent, grand; -margr,a. verymany; -mál,n. pl. greatsuits (standaí-málum); -mein, n.pl. greatevils; -meizl,n.pl. greatinjuries; -menni,n.(1) bigmen (Þórrerlágr oklítillhjá-menniþví,semhérermeð

oss);(2) greatman,manofrank;(3) liberalman; -menska,f. greatness,munificence; -merki,n.pl. wonderfulthings, greatwonders; -merkiliga,adv.wonderfully; -merkiligr,a. wonderful; -mikill,a. huge,immense; -mjök,adv. verymuch,immensely; -mæli,n.pl.(1) greataffairs (standaí-mælum);(2) the greaterexcommunication;veraí-mælum, tobeexcommunicated; -nær,adv. very nearly; -orðr,a. usingbigwords; bigworded, high-sounding (-ort kvæði).

stórr (stœri or stœrri, stœrstr), a.(1) big,great,ofsize(s.fiskr,stórt dýr);stórveðr, roughweather,greatgales; stórsær, highsea;gørðiþástórtá firðinum, thesearosehigh;(2) great,potent (athannskyldivarastatgøraÓlafeigiofstóran);(3) great,important (tillagagóðrhinnastœrrimála);(4) proud (fannhannþatbráttáSigríði,athónvar heldr stór).

stór-ráðr,a. ambitious,daring (þúert bæðivitrok-ráðr); -refsingar,f.pl. severepunishments; -regn,n.pl. heavy rains; -ríki,n.pl. greatempires; -ríkr, a. very powerful. stórræða-maðr,m. amanofgreat aims (hinn mesti -maðr).

stór-ræði,n.(1) ambition;(2) dangerous,greatundertaking; -rök,n.pl. great events; -sakar,f.pl. greatoffences; -sár, n.pl. grievouswounds; -skaðar,m.pl. greatdamages; -skip,n.pl. greatships; -skorinn,pp. huge,large-boned; -skorinn íandliti, big-faced; -skriptir,f. pl. heavypenances; -skuldir,f.pl. great debts; -slög,n.pl. greatvisitations, plagues; -smiði,n. great,strongwork; -staðir,m.pl. greattowns,greatchurchestablishments; -sveitir,f.pl. largede-

tachments; -sæti,n. largehayrick; -sœmdir,f.pl. greathonours; -tákn,n. pl. greatwonders; -tíðindi,n.pl. great tidings,greatevents; -tré,n.pl. huge beams.

stóru (neut.dat.from‘stórr’),adv.= stórum; -gi,adv. greatly,much (eigi-gi meiri).

stórum (plur.dat.from‘stórr’),adv. very,greatly,much;faðirhennarokmóðir urðus.fegin, wereveryglad;stíga s.,to takelongsteps;þatberrs., itamounts tomuch;compar.,stœrrum, more,ina greaterdegree;eigistœrrumnésmærrum, neither more nor less. stór-úðigr,a. stout-hearted,proud; -úfarar,f.pl. greatevils; -vandi,m., -vandræði,n.pl. greatdifficulties; -vegir,m.pl. broadroads,highways; -vegligr,a. veryhonourable; -veizlur,f.pl. greatbanquets; -vel,adv. rightwell; -verk,n.pl. greatdeeds; -viðaðr,a. large-timbered (varskipitborðmikitok -viðat); -viðir,m.pl. greattimbers,big beams; -viðri,n. greatstorm; -virki,n. pl. greatachievements,feats; -virkr,a. doingmuchwork (bæðisterkrok-virkr); -vitr,a. verywise; -víða,adv. verywidely; -yrði,n.pl. bigwords; -þing,n. great (œcumenical)council; -þorp,n.pl. great villages; -þungr,a. veryheavy; -þurft, I. greatneed; -ætt, f.greatfamily,noble extraction; -ættaðr, a. high-born. strandar-,gen.from‘strönd’; -glópr,m. ‘strand-fool’,ofonearriving aftertheshiphassailed; -högg,n.= strandhögg.

strand-högg,n. ‘strand-raid’,depredationcommittedonthecoast (víkingar höfðuhaftmikitherfangofanok-högg); -maðr,m. onewholivesonthecoast;

-setr,n. beingleftbehindonthestrand (sitja-setrieptir); -varpa,f. anettobe laidalongthecoast; -vegr,m. roadtothe coast.

strang-leikr,m. strength,violence; -liga, adv. strongly, severely.

strangr,a.(1) strong;ströngá, arapid river;ströngorrosta, ahotfight;(2) rigorous,severe,hard (strangrokstríðrdómr).

strauma-skipti,n.pl. changetides (skipti ok mál at sigla).

straum-brot,n. breakingthestream; -fall,n.(1) flow,current;(2) thefalling ofthetide (þeirköstuðuakkerumokbiðu -falls).

straumr (-s, -ar),m. stream,current (veðrvarhvastokstraumarmiklir);við strauminum, againstthecurrent (reiðJ. viðstrauminum,enB.forstreymis);reka fyrirstrauminum, todriftwiththetide; brjótastraumfyrire-u, tobreakthe streamforathing,bearthebrunt,prepare the way.

straum-vatn, n. running water. strá (dat.pl. strám),n. straw (smjör drýprafhverjustrái);liggjastirðrá strám, toliestiffonstraw,ofacorpse(cf. ‘nástrá’).

strá (strá, stráða, stráðr),v. to strew,coverwithstraw(s. golf,bekki,herbergi).

strákr (-s, -ar),m. landlouper, vagabond (átti hón börn með strákum).

strá-lauss,a. ‘strawless’,ofafloor; -viði, n. brushwood, = hráviði. streitast (tt),v.refl. tostrugglehard. strandir,m.pl. peoplefromplacesin Iceland called Strönd.

streng-flaug,f. thenotchforthebowstringinanarrow; -fœri,n. stringedinstruments; -hljóð,n.pl. music from

stringed instruments.

strenging, f. binding fast (heit-s.). strengja (-da, -dr),v. tofastenwitha string,bindtight (hosanstrengdatbeini);hannstrengdialtímilliskipannaok bryggnanna, hestretchedcablesbetween theshipsandthebridges;s. or s.aptrdyrr, tofastenthedoor;s.e-ninni or úti, toshut oneinorout;s.heit or s.e-sheit, tomake a solemn vow. streng-lag,n.=-flaug; -leikr,m.(1) esp.pl.-leikar, stringedinstrument (leika -leik); (2) lay, song.

strengr (-jar or -s;pl. -ir,gen. -ja), m.(1) string,cord,rope (strengirtilatfestameðhús);þeirristuístrengifeldisína, theycuttheircloaksintostrips;(2) anchorcable;drekinnflautumstrengi, rodeat anchor;liggjaumstrengi, tolieatanchor; (3) bow-string,=bogastrengr;(4) stringof aninstrument(glumðustrengir);(5) narrowchannelofwater,swiftcurrent (slyðrur nökkurar rak ofan eptir strengnum).

streng-vörðr,m. awatchkeptatthe anchor-cable (halda -vörð).

streyma (-di, -t), v. to stream. streymr,a. running;streymtsund, a strait (sound) with a current. striga-dúkr,m. sack-cloth;-slitri, -slitti, n. rag of sack-cloth. strigi, m. sack-cloth, coarse cloth. strita (að),v.(1) todragwithdifficulty;(2)refl.,stritast, tostrivehard (stritaðist hann við at sitja).

stríð,n.(1) distress,grief,affliction (sóttibæðiathennis.okelli);hannbar þatmeðallmiklustríði, hewasverymuch afflictedbyit;springaafstríði, toburst withgrief;(2) strife,war (þávarðs.mikit á Englandi).

stríða,f.(1) adversity;(2) hardness,

austerity,severity,opp.to‘blíða’(hvárt semhannmættiblíðueðastríðu);(3) strife.

stríða (-dda, -tt),v.(1) toharm,with dat.(stríddihónættBuðla);(2) tofight (s.viðe-n,ímótie-m);s.áe-n, tofight against, attack. stríð-leikr,m.(1) vehemence,ofa stream;(2) severity,rigour;(3) obstinacy; -liga,adv. withseverity; -ligr,a. severe, hard; -lundaðr, -lyndr,a. obstinate, sullen; -læti,n. backwardness,obstinacy; -mæli,n.pl. stronglanguage; -meltr, pp. using hard language. stríðr,a.(1) strong,rapid (s.straumr); (2) hard,stubborn (þeirmunuþérvera mennstríðastir);(3) severe (s.dómr); unpleasant;hvártsemþaterblítteðrstrítt, whetheronelikesitornot;talastrítt, to speak severely or harshly. stríðs-kostr,m. meansoffighting; -maðr, m. fighter, warrior. stríð-viðri,n. contrarywind; -yrði, n. pl. severe language. strip-rendr, a. striped, with stripes. strjúka (strýk; strauk, strukum; strokinn),v.(1) tostroke,rut,wipe;s. hendinniumennit,s.umennit, tostroke one’sforehead; s. aldrifrjálsthöfuð, never tobeafreeman;(2) tostrokegently (gekk hannjafnanokstraukhrossunum);(3) to smooth,brush (enhúskonastraukofripti);(4) toflog (s.e-ntilblóðs);(5) todash off,runaway (hannstrýkrútjafnskjóttok brautískógþegar);þaueruöllstrokin, they are all gone. strjúpi or strúpi,m. thebleeding trunk or neck, when the head is cut off strúgr, m. bile, spleen. strútr, m. pointed hood. stryk,n. stroke (merkjaenalöngustafi með stryki).

strykr, m. gust of wind. strý, n. hards, hurds. strý-hærðr, a. tow-haired. strýkja (-ta, -tr), v. = strjúka.

stræltr, a. scattered, dispersed. stræta (-tta, -ttr),v. totakebysurprise (hann vill s. þá árdegis).

stræti, n. street (ganga úti um s.). strönd (gen. strandar,pl. strendr and strandir),f.(1) border,edge;(2) strand,coast,shore (liðkonungsstendr nú eptir á ströndinni).

stubbi, stubbr, m. stub, stump. stuðill (pl. stuðlar),m.(1) stud, prop,stay;(2) anuprightonboardship;(3) eitherofthetwoalliterativeletters inthe odd lines of a verse. stuðning, f. support. stuðningar-laust,adv. withoutsupport (ganga -laust). stuðningr, m. = stuðning. stufa, f. = stofa.

stulda-maðr, m. stealer, thief. stuldr (-ar, -ir), m. stealing, theft. stumra (að), v. to walk unsteadily. stund (pl. -ir),f.(1) acertainlengthof time,awhile;vars.tildags, itwasawhile beforedaybreak;eráleiðstundina, inthe courseoftime,afterawhile;þatvars. ein, itwasbutashorttime;erstundirlíða (fram), astimegoeson;dveljaafstundir, tokillthetime;lítilerlíðandistund, brief isthefleetinghour;(2)adverbialphrases; afstundu, erelong,soon;afannarristundu, ‘thenextwhile’,erelong;álítillistundu, inalittlewhile;fyrirstundu, awhile ago;langristundufyrr, alongwhilebefore;ums., forawhile;litla(skamma)s., for ashortwhile;allarstundir, always;allas., allthetime;s.afs.,s.frás., little

bylittle,bydegrees;stundum(dat.), at times,sometimes (3) littledistance,alittle way,abit (hannstóðs.frádyrunum); (4) hour;tværstundirdags, twohours; (5) pains,exertion;leggjas.áe-t, totake pains about a thing. stund,n. dust (gnerihannofandlit honum moldar stundinu).

stunda (að),v. tohaveone’smindbent upon,beintentupon,carefor (þóttiEiríkr konungrengaþáhlutis.vilja,er landsmönnumværitilnytsemdar);also withpreps.,s.áe-t, tostriveafter (þessir s.fastáatrænaokkr);s.tile-s, tostrive towards,aimat (stunduðubáðirtilþess, atH.konungrskyldigefaþeimkonungs nafn);efþitstundiðþangat, ifyeproceed thither; toseekorcultivateone’sfriendship (ef hann vildi s. til Knúts konungs).

stundan,f.(1) takinginterestin;margirmennerhannáðrhefirhafts.af, who formerlyhavecultivatedhisfriendship;(2) painstaking (þúhefirekkihaftfyrirþína s.);(3) pursuit,industry (aflífiþínuoks. munu mikil stór-tíðindi hljótast). stundar,gen.from‘stund’;withan adj.oradv., very,quite (s.heilráðr;mæla s.hátt;kippas.hart); -bið,f. briefdelay; -él,n. briefstorm; -hrið,f. smallinterval; -vegr,m. shortway,smalldistance; -þögn, f. brief silence. stunda-tapan, f. loss of time. stund-liga,adv. withzeal,eagerly; -ligr, a. temporal, worldly. stundum,adv. sometimes,nowandthen (see ‘stund’).

stunga, f. stab (from a weapon). sturla (að),v. toderange,disturb (hví sturlar þú hjarta sjálfs þíns?). sturlan,f. (mental)derangementor trouble (hugar s.).

stutt-brœkr,f.pl. shorttrousersor drawers; -búinn, -klæddr,pp. cladin shortclothes (hannvar-klæddr); -leikar,m.pl. abruptness;skiljaí -leikum, topartabruptly; -leitr,a. shortfaced; -liga,adv. shortly,abruptly (mæla -ligatile-s); -ligr,a. brief,abrupt; -mæltr,pp.(1) short-spoken (-mælirok fátalaðr);(2) harsh (hónvar-mæltvið sveininn); -orðr, a. short-worded. stuttr,a.(1) short (stuttskyrta,s.kyrtill);(2) scant (stutthjálp);(3) short-spoken,snappish (konungrsvararstuttok styggt).

stúdera (að), v. to study. stúfr (-s, -ar), m. stump. stúka,f.(1) sleeve (cf.‘bryn-, næfrastúka’); (2) wing of a building. stúlka, f. girl, lass (ung s.). stúpa, v. to stick up (rare).

stúra, f. gloom, sadness. stúru-maðr, m. a care-worn man. stútr,m. astumpything (cf.’ drykkjarstútr’); a stump, end. styðja (styð, studda, studdr),v.(1) torest (onethingonanother),esp.so astosupportoneselfthereby;s.hendi, fœti, torestone’shandorfoot onsomething(annarrihendistyðrhannáherðar Jökli);(2) tostick,pierce (þeirGullveig geirumstuddu);(3)s.e-n, toholdoneup, supportone;skriðnaðihannöðrumfæti okstuddisikmeðhendinni, hesupportedhimselfwithhishand;(4)fig. tosupport,aid (hannstuddiráðvandamenní heilræðum);(5)refl,styðjast, toleanupon (Á.studdistáøxisína);s.viðkonungs borð, toleanthehandsupontheking’s table. stygð,f. dislike,aversion;hafas.viðen, toshowdisliketo;mælaafs., tospeak

disagreeably.

styggja or styggya (-ða, -ðr),v. tooffend (ekvilþikeigis.);refl.,styggjastet, toshun,abhor (s.manndráp);s.viðet, tobeoffendedwith (baðhanneigis.við þetta); s. við e-u, to get angry at.

stygg-leikr,m. aversion; -liga,adv. harshly,angrily (svara,mæla-liga); -lyndr, a. hasty-tempered, peevish.

styggr,a.(1) shy (s.sauðr,hestr);(2) showingangerordispleasure (Þórðrvarþá innstyggastiviðbiskup);mælastyggt,= m. styggliga.

stykki, n. piece, chop (brytja í s.).

styn-fullr, a. sighing, groaning.

stynja (styn, stunda, stunit),v. to sigh, groan (s. með sáru brjósti).

stynr (-s, -ir),m. moaning,groaning (sjúkra manna s.).

styrja, f. sturgeon (fish).

styrjaldar-maðr, m. warlike man. styrj-öld (gen. -aldar),f. fray,tumult,war;hefirþúpatskap,erengi-öld fylgir, thou art no man of war. styrking,f. strengthening,support (hann var s. veikra).

styrkja (-tá, -tr),v.(1) tomake strong;(2) toassist (ekætlaats.Gunnar atnokkurn);(3)refl.,styrkjast, tobe strengthened, get strength.

styrkjandi, styrkjari,m. strengthener; supporter.

styrk-leikr,m. strength; -ligr,a. strong-looking, = sterkligr.

styrkna (að), v. to grow strong. styrkr,m.(1) strength,bodilystrength (hanndrakkeigimeiraenhannmátti haldastyrksínum);(2) force,ofwar(þóttistÍ.konungrønganstyrktilhafaat berjastviðÍvar);(3) strength,resources (konungrsatlöngumíÞrándheimi,þar

varmestrs.landsins);(4) help,assistance (manhannfánokkurnstyrktilferðarinnar).

styrkr (acc. -an and -jan),a. strong = sterkr (hann hafði styrkja treyju).

styrkt,f.(1) strength;(2) help,assistance (til styrktar ok fylgðar).

styrktar-maðr, m. helper. styrma (-di, -t),v.(1) toblowhard,to blowagale (gekkumveðritokstyrmdi atþeim);(2)s.yfire-m, tocrowd,throng aboutapersonslainorwounded (styrmdu heimamenn yfir honum).

styrr (gen. styrjar),m. stir,tumult, brawl (s. varð í ranni).

stytta (-tta, -ttr),v.(1) tomake short,shorten;(2) togirdupafrock (hann styttiuppumsikkuflinn);s.sikupp, to tuckupone’sclothes;(3)refl.,styttast, to get angry (þá tók Helgi at s. ok mælti).

styttingr,m. unfriendliness;skilja með styttingi, to part coldly. stýfa (-ða, -ðr),v. tocutoff,chopoff (s. höfuð af e-m).

stýra (-ða, -t),v.(1) tosteer,withdat. (s.skipi);s.tilváða, tosteerintostraits; s.undan, toescape;e-mverðrnærstýrt, onehasanarrowescape;(2) togovern, manage (ríki,lögum);þatmunþómestu ums.,hversuÞórdísierumgefit, itwill alldependonhowTh.likesit;(3) torule, possess (þóatvérstýrimpeningum);þat munmestrigiptus., itmustbringthebest luck.

stýrandi,m. guider,ruler (s.himinsok jarðar).

stýri,n. helm,rudder (sitjaviðs.);láta vel(illa)ats., toanswerwell(ill)tothe rudder.

stýri-hamla,f. theloopbywhichthe tillerisworked (sitjavið-hömlu); -látr,

a. manageable; -maðr,m. ‘steersman’, skipper, captain.

stýrimanna-stefna,f.ameetingof all the skippers of a fleet.

stýrir, m. captain, = stýrimaðr. stýris-hnakki,m. thebackofthe -knappr; -knappr,m. thetop-pieceofa rudder; -stöng, f. rudder-post.

stæla (-ta, -tr),v.(1) tosteel,putsteel into;sverðstæltafeitri, aswordtempered withpoison;(2) tointercalate (apoem) with parenthetic sentences (stál).

stœkka (að),v.(1) tomakebigger = stœra1;(2)refl.,stœkkast, tobecome larger or bigger. stœra (-ði, -t),v.(1)impers.,ofthe windorsea, itswells,waxesrough (stærði veðrin;sjótókats.);(2)refl.,stœrast, to pride oneself, boast. stœrð,f. pride;takas., tobecome proud. Cf. ‘stórleikr’ (2).

stöð (gen. stöðvar,pl. stöðvar),f. (1) landing-place,berth,harbour;(2) place, position,context,=staða; dwelling-place, abode;þúlattundstöðumhreina, thou didst lie in the reindeers’ lairs. støðr, f. pl. = steðr; see ‘stoð’. stöðu-,gen.from‘staða’; -brunnr, m. a well of still water. stöðug-leikr,m. steadfastness,firmness; -ligr, a. steadfast, firm. stöðugr,a. steady,stable (varðhonum eigistöðugthjartat,þáerÞórrkom); gøra e-t stöðugt, to resolve. stöðul-gerði,n. afencearounda ‘stöðull’.

stöðull (dat. stöðli),m. milking-pen for cows (konur vóru á stöðli).

stöðuls-hlið,n. an openinginthe stöðul-gerði.

stöðu-merki,n. standard;-vatn,n.

pond, lake.

stöðva (að),v.(1) tostop (hannstöðvaðihersinn);s.sik, tohalt;hannstöðvarsikekki, hedoesnotcheckhiscourse; s.blóð, tostopbleeding;(2) tosoothe, calmdown;s.sik, tocontainoneself (Grettirgatþáeigistöðvatsik);(3)refl.,stöðvast, tostoponeself,calmdown (stöðvaðistDana-herr); tobefixed (stöðvastþá sú ráðagerð).

stökkr,m. stir,disturbance;koma stökkíliðþeirra, toputthemtoflight;í stökki, suddenly. stökkr,a.(1) brittle (koparrharðrok s.); (2) slippery (sólinn var s.).

stökkull,m. sprinkler (dreifablóði með stökkli).

støkkva (støkk; stökk, stukkum; stokkinn),v.(1) toleap,spring; s.hátt, tomakeahighleap;þeirstukkuupp, they sprangtotheirfeet;s.afbaki, toleapoff thehorse;(2)ofthings, tospring;fótrinn stökkórliði, thefootsprangoutofjoint; hringrinnstökkítváhluti, sprangintwo; sundrstökksúla, thepillarflewasunder; (3) totaketoflight,fleeaway (s.áflótta, órlandi,undan);(4)impers.,Flosa stukkualdrihermdar-yrði, angry-words never escaped from Flosi’s mouth. støkkva (-ta, -t),v.(1) tocauseto spring,maketostart,driveaway (s.úaldar-flokkiþessum);s.e-mórlandi, to driveoneoutoftheland;(2) tosprinkle (støktihannvígðuvatniumalltskipit); (3) tobesprinkle (hannstøkkvirblóði himin ok jörð).

støkkvi-víg,n.pl. isolatedcasesof manslaughter. stöng (gen. stangar;pl. stangir and stengr),f.(1) staff,pole (takamiklas. okbindaviðhvítablæju);(2) astandard-

pole,=merkis-stöng(jarltókmerkitaf stönginni);látamenngangaundirs., to makethemgounderthestaff (inorderto becounted);berafétilstangarorstanga, tocarrythegoodstothebanner (inorder to be rightfully distributed).

stöpla (að),v.impers.,stórumstöplar núyfir, theseadashesovertheboat;refl., stöplast, tobespilt (stöp-luðustyfirkerit nökkurirdropar);stöplaðistútafkerinu, a little was spilt out of the beaker. stöpull (dat. stöpli),m.(1) steeple, tower (hljópuþeiruppístöpulinn);(2) pillar, = stólpi (s. fór fyrir þeim). stöpul-smíð, f. building a tower. suðr,n. thesouth (veðrvarásuðri);frá suðri, from the south.

suðr,adv.(1) south,southwards;ríðas., toridesouth;s.horfðudyrr, thedoors facedthesouth;ganga(fara)s., togosouth onapilgrimage (toRomeorPalestine); s.afkirkju, tothesouthofthechurch;hjá haugiGunnarss.frá, byGunnar’sgravemound,onthesouthsideofit;(2) inthe south (hann dvaldist s. í landi).

suð-rœnn,a. southern (drósir-rœnar dýrtlínspunnu);vará-rænt, asouth wind was blowing. sufl,n. whateveriseatenwithbread; ‘kitchen’. sukk,n.(1) noise,disturbance,tumult (kenslupiltargerðus.íkirkjunni);(2) recklessliving;hafaalltísukki, tobeextravagant or wasteful. sukka (að),v.(1) tomakeadisturbance; (2) tosquander,waste,withdat.(hann hafði sukkat gózi hins heilaga Ólafs).

sullr (pl. -ir), m. boil (s. á fæti). sultar-kví, f. ‘famine-fold’. sultr (gen. -ar),m.(1) hunger (deyja afsulti);(2) famine (þávars.mikillí Noregi).

sumar (dat. sumri,pl. sumur),n. summer;umsumarit, inthecourseofthe summer,duringthesummer;atsumri, nextsummer;mitt s.,midsummer;ís., this summer.

sumar-auki,m. ‘summer-eke’,anintercalaryweek,insertedeveryseventhyear attheendofsummer; -ávöxtr,m. the summerproduce; -björg,f. summerwork (forone’ssupportduringthewinter); -bú,n. summer-stock; -dagr,m. summer’sday;-dagrinnfyrsti, thefirstdayof summer; -fang,n. summerproduce,summercatch; -fullr,a. fullasinsummer (fara-fullumdagleiðum); -gamall,a.a summerold; -hagi,m. summerpasture; -hiti,m. summerheat; -hold,n.pl. summerfleshoncattle; -höll,f. summer palace; -kaup,n. summerwages; -langt,

suðr-búr,n. southbower,southroom; -dyrr, f. pl. south doors. suðr-eyjar, f. pl. the Hebrides. suðr-eyskr,a. fromtheHebrides; -ferð, -för,f.(1) ajourneytothesouth; (2) pilgrimage (toRome); -ganga,f.= -för; -haf,n. theSouth-sea; -hallr,a. incliningtothesouth (sverjaeiðaatsólinni-höllu); -hálfa,f. thesouthernregion; -land,n.(1) thesouthshoreofafjord;(2) pl., -lönd, thesouthlands,Saxony,Germany; -maðr,m. southerner,esp. aSaxon,German; -reið,f. ajourneytothe south; -ríki,n. thesouthernempire,esp. CentralandSouthernEurope; -strönd, f. thesouthshore; -stúka,f. thesouth wing ofabuilding; -vegar,m.pl. the southernlands;veraá-vegum, onapilgrimage; -veggr,m. thesouthernwall; -þjóð,f. southernpeople; -ætt,f. the south.

adv. duringthesummer; -ligr,a. summer-like; -magn,n. midsummer-tide;at -magni, intheheightofsummer; -mál,n. pl. thefirstdaysofsummer (umváritat -málum).

sumarmála-dagr,m.,-dagrhinn fyrsti, thefirstdayofsummer; -helgr,f. theSundaythatfallsinthebeginningofthe summer.

sumar-nátt, f. summer night. sumarr, m. = sumar. sumar-skeið,n. summer-season; -tíð, f., -tími,m. summer-time; -verk,n. summerwork; -viðr,m. woodforusein summer.

sumbl,n. banquet;gøras., tomakea feast; -samr,a. givento,desirousof,banqueting.

sumr,a. some;þáfélláinsumílandsuðr, abranchofthestreamranawayto thesouth-east;ásumulandinu, insome partoftheland;þógekksumteptir, still somethingscametopass; sumskostar, partly;sumsstaðar, insomeplaces; sumir, somepeople;sumir…sumir, sumir … aðrir, some … others.

sumra (að), v. to become summer. sumrungr (-s, -ar),m.(1) ananimala summer old; (2) summer -workman. sunar-,=sonar-,genitivesing.of ‘sonr’; -ligr, a. filial. sund,n. swimming (kastasérás.);á sundi, swimming;meðsundi, bymeans ofswimming (hannkomstmeðsunditil lands).

sund,n.(1) sound,strait,channel (var þars.ímillieyjanna);(2) anarrowpassagebetweenhouses,lane (þarvórufimm mennísundinu);(3) asmallspace,interval (fórG.aldriharðaraeptirens.varí milli þeira).

sunda-leið,f. acourseleadingthrough straits.

sund-farar,f.pl., -ferð,f. swimming; -fimi,f. adroitnessinswimming; -fjöðr,f. fin; -fœrr,a. abletoswim (þú ertvel-fœrr,Íslendingr); -föt,n.pl. swimmingclothes (veraí-fötum); -hreifi,m. swimming-paw,flipper (ofa seal); -íþrótt,f. theartofswimming; -kláði, n. pl. = -föt.

sundla (að),v.impers.,miksundlar, I am giddy, my head turns. sund-laug,f. swimming-bath; -leikar,m.pl. swimmingsports; -læti, n.pl. swimmingmovements; -móðr,a. tired with swimming. sundr,adv. asunder,=ís.(skipta, deila,hlutas.);segjae-us., todeclareat an end (segja friði í s.).

sundra (að),v.(1) tocutinpieces,cut up,akilledbeast(s.hjörtinn);(2) to breakup (munhóngefatilnökkutráðat sundra ást þeira).

sundr-borinn,pp. ofdifferentorigin; -brotna (að),v. tobreakasunder; -dreifa (-ða,-ðr),v. toscatter,disperse; -grein,f.(1) distinction;(2) discord; -greiniligr, a. different, various. sundrgørða-maðr,m. onewhodistinguisheshimselffromothers,esp. indress (skartsamr ok -maðr mikill).

sundr-gørðir,f.pl. neworstriking fashions in dress. sundringum, adv. scatteredly. sundr-lauss,a.(1) notcontinuous, scattered (lítilbygðok-laus);fara-laust, togoinlooseorder;(2) notboundtogether, opp.to‘samfastr’;-lausorð, prose; -leitr,a. heterogeneous,atvariance (eru mjök-leitirsiðirvarir); -ligr, -líkr,a. different; -litr,a.=-leitr; -lyndi,n. dis-

cord; -lyndr,a. disagreeing; -mœðr,a. bornof adifferentmother; -orða,a.indecl.,verða-orða, tocometowords; -skila, -skilja,a.indecl.,verða-skila,skilja, tobeseparated; -skipti,n. sundering, separation; -skiptiligr,a. divisible; -skipting,f.=-skipti; -skorning,f. a cuttingasunder; -slita,a.indecl. scattered, torn asunder (fara -slita). sundrung, f. sundering, scattering. sundr-þykki,n., -þykkja,f. discord; -þykkjast,v.refl. tofallout,quarrel; -þykkr,a. disagreeing,dissenting; -þykt, f. discord. sund-vörðr, m. ‘sound-warder’. sunna, f. sun, = sól. sunnan,adv.(1) fromthesouth (koma, fara,ríðas.);(2) onthesouthside,=ats. (þásástmannareiðuppmeðHvítáats.);

fyrirs.land, inthesouthoftheland; fyrir s.nesit,southoftheness;withgen.,s.Rínar, south of the Rhine. sunnan-ferð,f. journeyfromthesouth; -herr,m. southernarmy; -lands,adv. inthesouthpartofthecountry; -maðr, m. southerner; -veðr, southerlywind; -verðr,a. southern (á-verðumhimins endaersásalr);-vertEngland, thesouthern part of E.; -vindr, m. = -veðr. sunnar,adv.compar. moretothesouth; -la,-liga,adv. towardsthesouth (þeirtóku Nóreg -liga).

sunnarst, adv. most to the south. sunn-lendingr,m. amanfromthe south of Iceland. sunn-lenzkr,a. southern,fromthe south; -maðr,m. Southerner,German (manna gramr).

sunnu-dagr, m. Sunday. sunr, m. son, = sonr. súð,f. overlappingedgeofaboard (in

clinker-built boats or ships).

súð-þaktr,pp. coveredwithover-lapping boards, of a house.

súga (sýg; saug or só, sugum; soginn),v. tosuck (sveinninnsaughana dauða).

súl, f. pillar, column. súla,f.(1)=súl(súhöllstendrá súlum); (2) gannet, solan-goose. súpa (sýp; saup, supum; sopinn),v. tosip,drink (s.skyr);s.á, totakeasip; to sip (hann saup á þrjá sopa). sura, f. sorrel.

súr-eygr,a. blear-eyed (úskygnok-eygr); -leikr, m. sourness. súrna (að),v. tobecomesour;súrnarí augum, the eyes smart (from smoke).

súrr,a.(1) sour (súrtvín);(2) bitter,unpleasant (s. ertu dauði).

súr-skapr, m. unfriendliness. sús-breki, m. grief, affliction (poet.). sút (pl. -ir),f.(1) sickness (eptirþat færhanns.miklaokliggrírekkjuum hríð);(2) grief,sorrow,affliction (snýst þessihátíðís.okgrát);alas., topine,feel care.

sútari, m. tanner. sút-fenginn,a. mournful,sorrowful; -fullr,a.=-fenginn(-fulthjarta); -ligr, a. painful.

svað,n., svaði,m. slipperyplace,slipperiness (s.varávellinum);fig.,varvið svaðumatmartmannamundidrukkna, itwasimminentthatmanypeoplewouldbe drowned.

svaðil-ferð, -för,f. unluckyjourney, disaster (fara-ferðfyrire-m;veitae-m -farar).

svaðill,m.=svaðil-ferð(farasvaðil fyrir e-m).

svaðils-ferð, f. = svaðilferð.

svagla (að), v. to gurgle. svala, f. swallow.

svala (að),v. tochill,cool;svalare-m, one becomes cool.

svalar,f.pl.,akindof balcony alonga wall (ganga út í s.).

sval-brjóstaðr, a. cold-hearted. svali, m. coolness, coldness.

sval-kaldr, a. cool, chilly. svalr,a. cool,fresh (vindrgerðistá mikill ok s.).

svan-brúðr,f. femaleswan; -fjöðr,f. a swan’s feather.

svangi, m. the groins. svangr,a.(1) slim,slender,thin (svipta söðliafsvöngumjó);(2) hungry (lézt hann vera s. ok þyrstr).

svang-rifja, a. indecl. bare-ribbed. svan-hvítr, a. white as a swan.

svanni, m. poet. lady. svanr (pl. -ir), m. swan. svar,n. reply,answer,onlyinpl.,svör; sitjafyrirsvörum,haldauppsvörum, to beanswerable,taketheresponsibility;veitasvörfyrire-n, todefendone,standup for one.

svara (að),v.(1) toreply,answer,absol.orwithdoubledat.,s.e-me-u(því muneks.þérumþetta,ersatter);(2) toanswer(inasuit); s. málifyrire-n, to answerforoneinasuit;(3)s.fyrire-n or e-t, toanswer(beanswerable,responsible) for (ekskalþarfyrirs.);s.skilumfyrir, to render account for. svara-bróðir, m. = svaribróðir. svar-dagi,m. oath,promiseuponoath (binda e-t -dögum).

svarð-fastr,a. coveredwithsward (fastland); -lauss,a. withoutgreensward; -lykkja,f. aloopofwalrus-rope; -reiði, m. tackleofwalrus-hides; -reip,n. arope

ofwalrus-hide (reipþauersvarðreipheita); -svipa, f. a whip of walrus-hide. svarf,n.(1) file-dust;(2) ahardfray, broil,tumult (hannríðratíþessusvarfi); (3) robbery,extortion (meðránumok svörfum).

svarfa (að),v. toupset (Þorgilssvarfaðitaflinu);refl.,svarfast, tobeturned upsidedown (taflitsvarfaðist);s.um, to causeagreattumult,makehavoc (H.svarfaðist þar um).

svarfan, f. a wild fray, uproar. svarf-samr, a. turbulent. svari-bróðir,m. aswornbrother,confederate; cf. ‘svarabróðir’.

svarka (að), v. see ‘svárka’.

svarkr, m. a haughty woman. svarning, f. conspiracy. svarri, m. a haughty woman. svar-stuttr, a. giving short replies. svartaðr, pp. dyed black. svarta-svipr, m. deep gloom, grief. svart-álfar,m.pl. blackelves; -bakr, m. black-backedgull; -blesóttr,a. black-headedwithawhitestripe,ofa horse; -brúnn,a. dark-brown; -eygðr, -eygt,a. black-eyed; -flekkóttr,a. black-flecked; -fygli,n. black-gulls; -jarpr,a. dark-brown;-klæddr,pp. clad inblack; -kollr,m. black-pate,anickname; -leggja,f. anaxewithablackhandle; -leitr, a. swarthy. svartmunka-klaustr,n., -lifnaðr, m., -lífi, n. Dominican convent. svart-munkr,m. blackfriar,Dominican.

svartr,a.(1) black (s.semhrafn;s. hestr);(2)fig. baneful,disastrous (þat svarta hallærit mun koma).

svart-skeggjaðr, a. black-bearded. svá,adv.(1) so,thus;ertuÍslenzkr

maðr?—hannsagði,ats.var, hesaidit wasso;sváersagt,at, itistoldthat;(2) joinedwithanotherparticle,svá…ok, both…and;s.starfoktorveldi, bothtoil andtrouble;s.ráns-maðrinnokokrkarlinn, therobberaswellastheusurer;ok svá, andalso,asalso;sumaritoks.um vetrinn, thesummer,asalsothewinter;fögrauguoks.snarlig, faireyesandalso sharp;(3) so,denotingdegree(œritmun hannstórvirkr,eneigiveitek,hvárt hanners.góðvirkr);Gunnarrspyrr,hví Njáliþœttiþettas.úráðligt, whyhe thoughtthissounwise;ekkimeirrens., notmorethanso,soandnomore;(4)followedbyanadjectiveand‘at’,s.ríkr, góðr,mikill,margir,fáir…at, somighty, good,great,many,few…that;s.at, so that;kaldr(sjúkr)svá,at, socold(sick) that;contracted‘svát’,svátekmuna, that (sofaras)Iremember;withagen.,Hallfreðrersvámanna,atekskilsízt, H. issuchamanasInevercanmakeout; hóners.kvenna(=hóners.afkonum), atmérermestumateiga, sheisjust suchawomanasImostwant;(5)svá… sem, as…as;háritvars.fagrtsemsilki, asfair(soft)assilk;s.velsemþérferr, wellasthoubehavest;(6) so,then (gengu þeirnorðryfirhálsinnoks.framáRastarkálf);(7)joinedtoanadj.oradv., about,prettymuch;slíkars.fortölur, somewhatsuchpersuasion;þatmunþós. nærfara, yetitwillbejustontheverge ofthat;nakkvats., somewhatso;fegnir nakkvat(nökkut)s., ratherglad;mjöks., almost,verynearly,allbut (mjöks. kominn at bana).

svá-gi,adv. notso,noryet (vildieigi, atþeirlétieignirsínar,svágikonureða börn);-gort,-gurt,see‘sogörr’;svana,

adv. thus.

svárka (að),v. tospeakheavily; tocomplain, grumble.

svárr, a. heavy, grave (poet.). svás-ligr,a. lovely,delightful (þater kallat -ligt, er blítt er).

sváss,a. sweet,dear,beloved (poet.);cf. ‘úsvass’ (used in prose).

svát, contracted for ‘svá at’.

sveðja (sveðr, svaddi, ),v. toslide, glanceoff,ofasword(sverðitsveðraf stálhörðum hjálmi).

svefja (svef, svafða, svafðr),v. to lulltosleep,assuage,soothe (s.e-n,s. reiðie-s);döglingrbaðþik,atþúsárdropas.skyldir, tostaythebleeding wounds;refl.,svefjast, tobeappeasedor soothed. svefn,m.(1) sleep (gangatilsvefns); s.rennr(sígr)áe-n, onedozesoff,falls asleep;veraísveini,viðs., tobeasleep; (2) dream (illters.slíkanatsegjanauðmanni); þér er svefns, thou dreamest. svefna-sýnir, f. pl. dream-visions. svefn-búr,n. sleeping-bower,bedroom; -farir,f.pl. dreams; -gaman,n. ‘dreamjoy’,poet. thenight; -herbergi, -hús, n. sleeping-room; -hvíld,f. resttosleep; -höfgi,m. heavinessfromsleep,drowsiness; -höfugr,a. heavywithsleep, drowsy;e-mer(gerir)-höfugt, oneis (gets) drowsy; -höll, f. sleeping-hall. svefni,n.(1) sleepiness;(2) cohabitation (brjóta konu til svefnis).

svefn-inni,n. sleeping-room; -klefi, m.=-inni; -lauss,a. sleepless; -leysi, n. sleeplessness; -lopt,n. sleeping-loft; -mál,n. sleeping-time; -órar,m.pl. dream-phantasms; -samt,a.n.,e-m verðrekki-samt, oneissleepless; -sel, n. sleeping-shed (onamountainpasture);

-skáli,m. sleeping-hall; -skemma, -stofa,f.=-búr; -stund,f. sleeping-hour; -styggr,a. sleepinglightly; -tíð,f.= -stund; -tími, m. = -mál. svefnugr (f.pl. svefngar),a. sleepy (hann var s. ok fastaði lítit).

svefn-vana,a.indecl. wantingsleep; -þorn,m. ‘sleep-thorn’;stingae-n-þorni or e-m-þorn, tostickonewiththesleepthorn (ofacharmedsleep); -þungi,m. drowsiness,=-höfgi; -œrr,a. confused with sleep. svei, interj. fie! s. þér, fíe upon thee!

sveif (pl. -ar), f. tiller. sveifla (að),v. toswing,sweep (s. sverði, exi til e-s).

sveifla, f. swing, swinging. sveigingar-orð, n. pl. reprimand. sveigja (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) tobow,bend; s.boga, tobend(draw)thebow;s.hörpu, tostriketheharp;muntus.(opp.to‘bretta’)þinnhala, thoushallletthytaildroop; ætlaek,atlöginmunisveigðhafaverit, thatthelawwaswrested;s.tilviðe-n, tilsamþykkisviðe-n, togiveway,yield somewhat;(2)refl.,sveigjast, tobe swayed,sway (þátókats.hugrjarls);láta s.eptire-svilja, toaccommodateoneselfto another’s wishes.

sveigr (gen. -ar),m.akindof headdress, snood (s. var á höfði).

sveim,n. bustle,tumult,=sveimr(í eyjunum var sveim mikil).

sveima (að),v. towanderabout,roam (þeirsveimuðuumbœinnokdrápumart af Birkibeinum).

sveimr, m. tumult, stir, = sveim. sveina-,gen.pl.from‘sveinn’; -drep, n. themassacreoftheinnocents; -leikr, m. game of boys. svein-barn,n. malechild; -dómr,m.

boyhood, youth.

sveinn (-s, -ar),m.(1) boy (sveinar tveirlékuágólfinu);(2)inaddressing grown-upmen, boys,lads (hartríðiþér, sveinar!);(3) servant,attendant (þeirvissu,athannvars.Gunnhildar); squire, page.

svein-piltr, -stauli, m. boy, youth. sveipa (að),v.(1) tosweep,stroke (hann sveipaðihárinuframyfirhöfuðsér);Þ. sveiparöxinnitilhans, Th. sweepsathim withtheaxe;hannsveipaðitilsverðinu, hesweptroundhimwiththesword;(2) toswathe,wrap (léthanns.skipitallt fyrirofansjámeðgrámtjöldum);líkit varsveipatlíndúkum, thecorpsewas wrappedinlinen;hannsveiparsikí skikkjusinni, hewrappedhimselfinhis mantle.

sveipa (-tá, -tr),v.(1) tosweep;hann sveiptiafsérflugunni, heswept(drove) theflyaway;háritersveiptíenninu, his haircurlsontheforehead;(2) toswaddle, wrap,=sveipa(að),(fœddihónbarnok var þat sveipt klæðum).

sveipa (sveipr, sveip, sveipinn),v. (1) tocast;sveipsínumhug, heturned hismind;(2) towrap,swaddle;konasveip karlripti, sheswaddledhiminlinen;eldi sveipinn, encircledbyfire;cf.sveipa(að).

sveipa, f. kerchief, hood. sveipan, f. a wild fray, tumult. sveipr,m.(1) fold,folding;s.íhári, a curlinthehair,curlyhair;(2)akindof head-dress,=sveigr;(3) asuddenstir,disturbance (opt verðr s. í svefni).

sveip-vísi,f. treachery (sýnvar-vísi); -víss, a. treacherous, false. sveit (pl. -ir),v.(1) bodyofmen,small detachment (liðivarskiptísveitir,tólf mönnumsaman);(2) company,train (ek

varmeðhánumokíhanss.);þeirhéldu s.umjólin, theyheldrevelsatYule;(3) community,district,county(gekk pathallæri um allar sveitir).

sveita-,gen.fróm‘sveiti’; -bora,f. sweat-pore; -dúkr,m. ‘sweat-cloth’,napkin. sveitar-bót,f. an acquisitiontoaparty(þykkiross-bótatbróðurþínum); -dráttr,m. faction; -drykkja,f. drinkingparty (drekka-drykkju); -gengi,n. helpfromaparty; -höfðingi,m. acaptainofa sveit(1); -maðr,m. amanof apartyorofacommunity; -rækr,a. expelledfromadistrict (gerae-n-rækan); -skipan,f. administrationofadistrict; -vist, f. abode in a district. sveitast (tt),v.refl. tosweat (s.blóði, viðsmjörvi).

sveit-búi,m. amanofthesamedistrict, comrade. sveiti,m.(1) sweat;spratthonums.í enni, thesweatburstoutuponhisbrow;fá sveita, togetintoaperspiration;(2) blood; þarsitrSigurðrsveitastokkinn, stained with blood. sveitir, sveitugr,a. inaperspiration (Þ. var þá sveitir mjök).

sveitungar (-s, -ar),m.(1) amanof thesamecompany,comrade (vilekfylgja sveitungummínum);(2) follower;Magnúsokhanssveitungar, M. andhismen; (3) onebelongingtothesamedistrict (at þú komir mér í sætt við sveitunga mína).

svelga (svelg; svalg, sulgum; sólginn),v.(1) toswallow (munhónsólgit hafayrmlingnökkurn);jörðinsvalghestinnmeðöllumreiðingi, theearthswallowedupthehorseandallhisharness;(2) absol. totakeadeepdraught (hannlekral drekka ok sveigr allstórum).

svelgja (onlyininfin.andpres. svelgir), v. = svelga. svelgr,m.(1) swirl,whirlpool (varþar eptirs.íhafinu);(2) swallower,spendthrift.

svell, n. sheet of ice. svella (svell; svall, stillum; sollinn),v. toswell (sárpattókats. okþrútna);ofwrath,anger(núsvall Sturlungum mjök móðr). svellóttr,a. coveredwithsheetsofice (nú er snjálaust ok svellótt).

svelta (svelt; svalt, sultum; soltinn),v.(1) todie (nemaþúSigurðs. látir);(2) tostarve,sufferhunger; s. íhel (til heljar, til bana), to die of starvation. svelta (-lta, -ltr),v.(1) toputto death (svinnasystrungusveltirþúíhelli); (2) tostarve;s.e-níhel, to starveoneto death;s.siktilfjár, togetmoneybystarving oneself. svelti-kví,f. apeninwhichsheepare put to starve. svengd, f. hunger (s. ok þorsti).

svengjast,v.refl. togrowthininthe belly or waist.

svenskr, a. Swedish, = sœnskr. sverð,n. sword;takaviðsverðikonungs, tolayone’shandonthehiltofthe swordintheking’shand (intokenof homage), toenterhisservice (núskaltu veraþegnhans,erþútóktviðsverði hans).

sverð-berari,m. sword-bearer; -fetill,m. sword-strap; -fiskr,m. sword-fish. sverðs-brot,n.pl. fragmentsofabrokensword; -egg,f. sword’sedge; -fetill, m.=sverðfetill; -hjölt,n.pl. sword-hilt; -högg, n. sword-stroke. sverð-skálpr,m. scabbard; -skór,m.

thechapeofascabbard; -skreið,f. swordcutlery; -skriði,m. sword-cutler (sverðskriða búðir).

sverðs-oddr, m. point of a sword. sverð-taka,f. ‘sword-taking’,asatokenofhomage,cf.‘sverð’; -takari,m. ‘sword-taker’, a king’s man. sverfa (sverf; svarf, surfum; sorfinn),v. tofile (svarfhannmeð snarpriþél);látas.tilstáls,see‘stál’; sverfr at, it presses hard. sverja (sver; sór, svór or svarða; svarinn),v.(1) toswear;s.viðguðin, viðhöfuðsitt, toswearbythegods,by one’shead;s.e-mtrúnaðareiða, totake theoathsofallegiancetoone;s.e-met, toswearathingtoone,promiseupon oath (þeirsvörðuSveinilandokþegna); s.þessat,s.um,at, toswearthat (viltus. mérþess,atþúvildireigiatmérfara?konungrsórum,atþatskyldihannvelefna);(2)recipr.,sverjastífóstbrœðralag, to swear brotherhood by mutual oath.

sve-víss, a., false, = sveipvíss.

svið, n. pl. singed sheep’s heads. sviða,f.(1) turning,in‘saltsviða’;(2) singed thing, in ‘höfuðsviða’.

sviða, f. a kind of weapon, cutlass. sviða-,gen.from‘sviði’; -lauss,a. free from burning pain.

svið-eldr, m. = sviðu-eldr.

sviði,m. thesmartfromburning (hann kennir sár ok sviða).

sviðna (að),v. tobesinged (þará Herkju hendr sviðnuðu).

sviðningr, m. burnt woodland. sviðu-eldr,m. fireforsingeingsheep’s heads; -fölski, m. ashes. sviðu-skapt, n. handle of a sviða. svif,n.(1) swinginground,veering,of aship;(2)inpl. nickoftime;íþeimsvi-

fum, at that moment.

svig,n. bend,curve;fara(ganga)ís.við e-n, topass(go)inacircuitsoastomeet one (þeirfórusváís.viðkonung,atþeir hittuhannatöðruhverju);vinna(fá)s. áe-m, tomakeonegiveway,getthebetter of, overcome. svigi,m. switch (hanntókeinnsvigaok ætlar at berja piltinn með).

svigna (að),v. tobend,giveway (gerðu Gotaratgöngusváharða,atfylkingHúna svignaði fyrir).

svik,n.pl.(1) fraud,treason;ráðas.við e-n,sitjaásvikumviðe-n, toplotagainst one; (2) poison; gefa; -m s., to poison one. svika-drykkr,m. poisoneddrink; -fullr,a. treacherous; -lauss,a. guileless, free from treason. svikall,a. treacherous (jarlvarútrúr ok s. við vini ok úvini).

svika-maðr, svikari, m. traitor. svik-dómr,m. treason; -fullr,a. treacherous; -liga,adv. treacherously; -ligr,a. treacherous; -lyndr,a. falseminded; -mall,a. false-spoken; -ráð,n. pl. treachery;sitjaá-ráðumviðe-n, to plotagainstone; -ræði,n.=-ráð; -samliga,adv. treacherously; -samligr,a. treacherous; -samr,a. false; -semd,f. treachery.

svilar, m. pl. husbands of two sisters. svima (að),v. toswim (hannsvimaði yfir ána); cf. next.

svima or svimma (svim or svimm; svam, svamm, svámum, summum; svimit, summit),v. toswim (svámu sumiryfirána);fig.,s.ífullsælu, toswim in abundance.

svimi,m. swimminginthehead,giddiness (slá, ljósta e-n í svima).

svimma, v., see ‘svima’.

svimra (að),v.impers.,e-nsvimrar, onegetsgiddy,isstunnedbyablow (Rögnvaldsvimraðivið,þvíathöggitvarmikit).

svína (að),v. tosubside,godown,of something swollen.

svinna, f. sagacity, good sense. svinn-hugaðr,a. wise; -ligr,a. sensible (þat er svinnligra en, etc.).

svinnr,a.(1) swift;onlyin,svinnRín, therapidRhine;(2) wise,judicious;sáer s.,ersikkann, heiswisewhoknowshow to moderate himself.

svinnr,m. goodsense,reason;snúaá svinnsínuráði, toturntoreason,mend one ’ s ways.

svipa (að),v.(1) tomoveswiftly,ofa suddenbutnoiselessmotion(fugleinn flóinnumglugginnoksvipaðiumhúsit); (2)refl.,svipastate-u or eptire-u, to lookafter(s.athrossum);s.um, tolook around(svipuðustmennumokfannsthann eigi í liðinu).

svipa (að), v. to whip, horsewhip. svipa,f. whip (hannhafðisvipuíhendi ok keyrði hana).

svipaðr,pp. lookingsoandso;s.illa= svipillr.

svipan,f.(1) swinging,sweeping;at sverðas., whiletheswordsaresweeping; meðsváharðris., soquickly;(2) fight (varðþarhörðs.);(3) thenickoftime,moment (í þeiri s. féll Þorgils).

svip-illr,a. ill-looking; -liga,adv. smartly (förumvérnúhelzti-liga); -ligr, a.(1) unstable,transient (-ligsæla);(2) havingadispleasedair (ekkisýndisthennikonansviplig); -lyndr,a. fickle-minded; -mikill,a. imposing (-mikilldrengr). svipr,m.(1) asweepingmovement;(2) suddenloss (frændumHrafnsþóttimikill

s.,erhannfóríbrott);(3) abriefglimpse ofaperson; afleeting,evanescentappearance (Olafrvaknaðiokþóttistsjásvipkonunnar);(4) look,countenance (þikhefi ek sét honum líkastan at svip).

svip-stund,f. moment,twinklingofan eye (þatvar-stundeináðrstofanbrann svá at hon fell ofan).

svipta (-pta, -ptr),v.(1) tothrow, fling (hónsviptihonumáherðarsér);s. borðum, toremovethetables; s. e-uofan, tosweepoff,knockdown (þeirsviptuofan öllumgoðunumafstöllunum);bjarndýrit sviptihonumundirsik, thebeargothim under;(2) toreef (veðróxíhöndokbað Bjarniþás.);s.seglunum, toreefthe sails;s.tileinsrifs, totakeinallreefsbut one;(3) tostrip,deprive,s.e-ne-u(hann sviptirhanafaldinum);also,s.e-nafe-u (s.e-nafsínumhlut);(4)refl.,sviptast, totug,wrestle (tókustþeirkonungríhendr ok sviptust fast).

svipta,f. loss (hannkvaðsérsviptuat þeira skilnaði).

svipti-kista, f. a movable chest. sviptingar,f.pl. tugging-wrestling, tussle (váru þær s. all-harðar).

sviptir, m. loss (e-m þykkir s. í e-u). svipu-högg,n. alashwithawhip; -leikr, m. a kind of game. svipull, a. unstable, transient. svip-vindr,a. fickle,=-lyndr; -vísi,f. = sveipvísi; -víss, a. = sveipvíss. svíar, m. pl. the Swedes. svía-ríki, -veldi,n. theSwedishkingdom or empire. svíða (svið; sveið, sviðum; sviðinn),v.(1) tosinge,burn,roast (s. dilka-höfuð);(2) tosmart,ofawound, burn, etc. (svíða sœtar ástir).

svífa (svíf; sveif, svifum; svifinn),

v.(1) torove,ramble;sumirsvifuatnautum, somewentrovingaftercattle;sveinn sýsligasveiftilskógar, theladturned brisklytothewood;s.uppágrunn, to runashore,ofaship;latasamþykkisitt s.tile-s, toswayone’sconsenttowards,to agreeto;(2)impers.withdat. toswerve, drift (sveifskipinufrálandi);svífrskipinufyrirstraumiokveðri, theshipdrifts beforewindandstream;hannhéltsvá,at hvergisveif, sothattheboatswervednot; e-usvífre-míhug,ískap, itoccursto one’smind (Gestrsvarar:þessusveifmér ískap);segirÞórðr,atsvífiyfirhann, thathewastakensuddenlyill;(3)refl., svífastum, tobustleabout,beactive;s.es, toshrinkfrom;s.einskis, toshrinkfrom nothing;þeirmunueinskis(engis)illss., they will stick at no ill.

svíkja (svík; sveik, svikum; svikinn),v. tobetray,deceive,cheat (vil ekþikíengus.);s.e-ne-u, todefraudone of (féi opt svikinn).

svín,n. swine,pig;hafasvínsminni, to have a short memory.

svína-ból, -bœli,n. pig-sty; -gæzla, f. swine-herding; -hirðir,m. swineherd; -hús, n. swine-house, pig-sty. svín-beygja (-ða, -ðr),v. tomakeone stooplikeapig; -drukkinn,pp. drunkas aswine; -fylking,f. awedge-shapedphalanx; -fylkja (-ta, -tr),v. todrawupin awedge-shadedphalanx; -fœtr,m.pl., atermofabuse, paltrypersons; -galinn, pp. mad(drunk)likeaswine; -skinn,n. pig-skin; -stí, f. pig-sty. svíri,m.(1) neck,esp.ofanox;(2) part of a war-ship.

sví-virð,f.=-virða; -virða (-rða, -rðr),v. todishonour,disgrace,putto shame; -virða,f. disgrace; -virðing,f.= -virða.

svívirðingar-laust,adv. without shame; -maðr,m. meanfellow; -nafn,n. disgraceful name.

svívirð-liga,adv. disgracefully; -ligr, a. disgraceful (ferð en -ligsta).

svíþjóð, f. Sweden proper. svæði, n. an open, exposed space. svæfa (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) tolulltosleep (hónsöngsváfagrt,athónsvæfðiskipshafnir);(2) tocalmdown,still,lull (s.sæ, reiði).

svæfill, m. head-pillow. svæla,f.(1) thick,chokingsmoke;(2) cheating (flærð eðr svæla).

svæla (-da, -dr),v. tosuffocate(stifle) withsmoke (s.e-ninnisemmelrakkaí greni).

svænskr, a. = sœnskr. sværa, f. mother-in-law. svöðu-sár,n. awoundfromaweapon glancingoffabone (verðrpat-sárokeigi beinhögg).

svöppr (gen. svappar;pl. sveppir, acc. svöppu),m.(1) sponge;(2) ball (s.at leika með) = soppr.

svörðr (gen. svarðar,dat. sverði), m.(1) theskinofthehead(withthehair on); (2) = svarð-reip.

syðri,a.compar. moresouthern (í Reykjadalinumsyðra);itsyðra, bythe south road. syfja (að),v.impers.,e-nsyfjar, one gets sleepy; syfjaðr, sleepy. sygnir,m.pl. themenfrom Sogn(in western Norway).

sykn,a.(1) freefromguilt,innocent (s. afmanndrápi);(2) declaredinnocent,acquitted; gera e-n syknan, to acquit one. sykn,f., sykna,f. thestateofbeing sykn;fœra(bera)framsyknu e-s,tode-

clare one’s innocence, = gera e-n syknan. syknu-leyfi, -lof,n. alicenceofthe ‘alþing’ to grant ‘sykna’.

sylgja, f. brooch, buckle. sylgr (gen. -jar and -s),m. adrinkof something, a draught.

syll (pl. syllr), f. sill. syn (pl. -jar),f. denial,protest;setjas. fyrir, todeny,repelacharge (hannsetti þar s. fyrir, ok bauð skírslur).

synd (pl. -ir), f. sin. synda (-nda or -nta, -nt), v. to swim. synda-,gen.pl.fróm‘synd’; -bönd,n. pl. bondsofsin; -far,n. sins; -fullr,a. sinful; -lausn,f. forgiveness(remission) ofsins; -lauss,a. sinless; -lifnaðr,m. sinfullife; -liga,adv. sinfully; -ligr,a. sinful; -maðr, m. sinner.

synd-auðigr, -fullr, a. sinful.

syndgast (að), v. refl. to sin.

synd-getinn,pp. sin-begotten; -ligr, a. sinful (-ligt verk).

syndr,a. abletoswim;s.vel, agood swimmer;hannvars.semselr, hecould swim like a seal.

synd-samligr, a. sinful, of a deed.

syndugr (acc. syndgan), a. sinful. syndvar-liga,adv. withcarefulavoidance of sin.

synd-varr, a. wary against sin. syngja (syng; söng, sungum; sunginn),v.(1) toring,clash,whistle,of metals,weapons(sverðitsyngr;syngrí atgeirinum);(2) tosing;s.messu, tosing mass;absol. toofficiate inamass(þar söng prestr sá, er Þrándr hét).

synjan, f. denial, refusal. synnstr, a. superl. southernmost. syn-semi, f. disobligingness. syrgi-liga, adv. sadly; -ligr, a. sad. syrgja (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) tosorrow, mourn (hannbaðmenneigis.);(2) tobewail (syrgðihannhanadauða);s.sik, to bewail oneself. syrpuþings-lög,n.pl. akindofentertainment.

systir (gen.,acc.,dat. systur,pl. systr), f. (1) sister; (2) sister of charity, nun. systkin, n. pl. brother(s) and sister(s). systkina-synir,m.pl. thesonsof systkin, first male cousins. systra-synir, m. pl. sisters’ sons. systrunga,f. one’smother’ssister’s daughter, female cousin. systrungr (-s, -ar),m. one’smother’s sister’s son, male cousin. systur-barn,n. sister’schild,nephew, niece; -dóttir,f. sister’sdaughter; -sonr, m. sister’s son. sýja,f. lineofhoards inaship(komnar voru níu sýjur á hvárt borð).

sýja (onlypret.pl. séðu,pp. séðr, sœðr),v. tofastentogether (theouter planking in a ship or boat).

sýkjast (t), v. refl. to grow ill. sýkn,a.,s.dagr, adayon-whichlawsuits and actions are permitted. sýla (-da, -dr),v. tomakestiffwithice (kuflinnvarsýldrallr);impers., toturn intoice (sýldihverndropa,erinnkom); benjarnarsýldi, thewoundsbecamestiff with cold. sýn (pl. -ir),f.(1) thefacultyofvision, sight (þauhafaekkimál,engas.né heyrn);þáerHákonkonungrkomís.við

synja (að),v.(1) todeny (sannaðiannarr,enannarrsynjaði);(2)withgen., to denyacharge (vilekþessaverkss.fyrir mikokfyrirallaossskipverja);(3)s.eme-s, torefuse,deny (hannvills.mér ríkis);(4)refl.,synjast, torefuseanoffer, of a lady.

sýna S sýta

bœinn, whenkingH.camewithinsightof thefarm;hverfaats., tobelosttosight, disappear (sólhvarfats.okgerðimyrkt); ermérþatats.orðit,erekhefioptheyrt frásagt, IhaveseenwithmyeyeswhatI haveoftenheardof;(2) vision (barfyrir hannísvefnimiklas.okmerkiliga);(3) appearance,look (líkarieruþeirþursum atvextiokats.enmenskummönnum); fríðrsýnum, fairof face;ats., apparently (var þeim þar vel fagnat at s.).

sýna (-dá, -dr),v.(1) toshow (hónbað hanns.sérsverðit);þúskaltengafáleika áþérs., thou mustshownosignsofcoldness;(2)refl.,sýnast, toappear,seem (sýndistvitrummönnumhannafbragð);

s.e-m, toappeartooneinadream (honumsýndistþáhinnhelgiÓlafrkonungr); e-msýniste-t, onethinksfit;veitiðmér gröptslíkansemyðrsýnist, givemesuch burial as you please.

sýndr,pp.(1) havingeyesight,ableto see (gamalloks.lítt);(2)ofweather, clear (í björtu veðri ok vel sýndu).

sýni,n. sight;tilsýnis,forthesight’s sake;varhannsendrkonungitilsýnis, as acuriosity;tilsýnise-s or ume-t, inproof of,asasampleof (tilsýnisummikilleika hestsins).

sýni-liga,adv. visibly; -ligr,a.(1) visible;(2) sightly (Þ.varmikillmaðrok sterkrokhinn-ligsti);(3) advisable (nú þykkimérþat-ligastatfaraaptríríki mitt).

sýning, f. showing, exhibition. sýnn,a.(1) clear,evident,certain (þér skalsýnbúhlífðíþvívera);þóttiöllum atsýnuganga,at, allthoughtthatitwas clear,beyonddoubt,that;dat.sing.‘sýnu’ withacompar. agreatdeal,much (sýnu meiri,minni,betri,verri);withasu-

perl.,E.gekkuppsýnufyrstr, far ahead; neut.‘synt’asadv. evidently,clearly (þik skortirsýntviðhann);(2) fit,likely;ef yðrþykkireigiannatsýnnafyrirliggjaen vera hér, if you have nothing better to do. sýr (gen. sýr,acc.anddat. sú,pl. sýr), f. sow; also as a nickname. sýra, f. sour whey. sýr-land,n. Syria; -lendingr,m. Syrian; -lenzka,f. theSyriantongue; -lenzkr, a. Syrian, Syriac. sýru-ker, n. a tub with sour whey. sýsla (að;older sýsta, sýstr),v.(1) todo,effect (E.konungrhafðimartsýstí landinu,þaternytsemdvarí);withdat., þáerhannhefirsýsteyrendumsínum, whenhehaddonehiserrand;s.e-tat, to effect (þeirsýstuþateittat,atþeirsættustávígSnorra);varsvátilsýst,at, it wassoarrangedthat; s. ume-t, tobusy oneselfwith (hónsýstiumþörfgesta);(2) toprocure,get (voruhonumskjóttsýslaðir hestar).

sýsla,f.(1) business,work;hjónsátu þar,hélduásýslu, busyattheirwork;gangaumsýslurmanna, togo aboutasan overseer;(2) stewardship (hafasýsluá Hálogalandi);(3) district,prefecture;also a diocese.

sýs-liga,adv.(1) briskly,speedily, quickly (fara, ríða -liga); (2) soon. sýslu-fœrr,a. fitforwork (vel-fœrr atflestuverki); -lauss,a. unemployed, idle; -leysi,n. idleness; -maðr,m.(1) worker (-maðrmikillokstarfsmaðrgóðr); (2) bailiff,theking’ssteward (atthesame time justice and tax-gatherer).

sýta (-tta, -ttr),v. tolamentormourn forone (þeirsýttuhannsemdauðan);s. viðe-u, togrumbleat,grudge (sýtiræ gløggr við gjöfum).

sýti-ligr, a. sad (-ligr harmr).

sýting, f. wailing, mourning.

sæ-borg,f. sea-sidetown; -brattr,a. steeptowardsthesea; -bygð,f. coast-district; -byggjar,m.pl. coast-dwellers; -dauðr,a. deadatsea,drowned;cf.‘sjódauðr’.

sæði,n.(1) seed (fœraniðrs.);(2)in pl., crops on the field.

sæ-farar,f.pl. sea-faring,voyages; -fœrr,a.(1) sea-worthy (skip-fœrt);(2) fitforsea-faring (veðrhvastokeigi -fœrt); -föng,n.pl. storesfromthesea; -garpr,m. sea-champion (varhannok innmestisægarprsjálfr); -hafa,a.indecl. driven out of one’s course (verða -hafa).

sæing, f. bed, = sæng.

sæing, f. sacrifice, sacrificial beast.

sæ-karl,m. sea-carl,raftsman; -kona, f. mermaid; -konungr,m. sea-king (vóru margir-konungar,þeirerréðuliðimiklu okáttuengilönd); -kvikendi,n. seabeast; -kyrra,f. sea-calm,smoothsea (þeir reru í logni ok sækyrru).

sæla, f. bliss, happiness (eilíf s.).

sæla (-da, -dr), v. to bless.

sæl-borinn, pp. high-born.

sælda, v. to bolt, sift (s. mjöl).

sældar-líf,n. happylife; -staðr,m. happy place.

sæ-lið,n. helpatsea (renderedtoa ship in distress).

sæligr, a. = sælligr (sæligt setr).

sælingr (-s, -ar), m. wealthy man. sæll,a.(1) ingoodcircumstances,welloff,welltodo;sælirokfátœkir, wealthy andpoor;(2) happy,fortunate (þrællinn mæltiþatjafnan,athannþættists.,ef Otkellættihann);ingreeting,komheill oks.,frændi!;(3) poor (ekhefieigikýst kerlingunasæluinni);(4)ofasaint,

blessed (hinn sæli Magnús jarl).

sæl-liga,adv. blissfully; -ligr,a. happy,blissful; -lífi,n. lifeofenjoyment,luxury; -lífr,a. livingalifeofenjoyment, voluptuous.

sælu-dagar,m.pl. ‘daysofbliss’,the Emberdays; -hús,n. hospice (indeserts andmountainstoreceivetravellers); -setr,n.=-hús; -skip,n. ferry-boat; -songr,m. amassforone’ssoul; -vika,f. Ember week (= sæludaga-vika).

sæ-lægja,f. mistonthesea (lognmikil, þokur,oksælægjur); -lægr,a. lyingon the sea (myrkvi -lægr).

sæng,olderform sæing (gen. sængr or sængar;pl. sængr),f.(1) bed (kona liggrísænginni);byggjaeinas., tosleep inthesamebed;(2) childbed (andastás.). sængar-för, -kona, etc., = sængr-. sængr-för,f. child-bed (konahansvar þáönduðaf-för); -klæði,n.pl. bedclothes; -kona,f. womaninchildbed; -stokkr, m. bed-side.

sær (gen. sævar),m. sea (øxngengu upp ór sænum), = sjár, sjór.

sær (-sæ, -sætt),a. seen (auð-sær, ein-sætt).

særa (-ða, -ðr),v. towound;s.e-nsári, toinflictawoundupon;recipr.særast, to wound one another. særing, f. wounding. sæ-sjúkr,a. sea-sick; -skip,n. seaship; -skrímsl, n. sea-monster. sæta (-tta, -tt),v.(1) tositinambush for,waylay,withdat.(hannætlarats. yðr,þáerþérfariðsunnan); towatchfor anopportunity (þessusætirSturlaugrok høggr);(2) toundergo,exposeoneselfto, suffer (vilduþeirheldrrýmalandeneptir sitjaoks.afarkostumafkonungi);(3) to bringabout,cause,withdat.;s.áhlaupum

viðe-n, toattackone;s.vélræðumviðen, toschemeagainstone;(4) toamountto, beequivalentto (E.varþaratbúisínu,svá atþatsættivetrumeigiallfám);s.tíðindum, tobeimportantnews,beofimportance (erþatkomittileyrnamér,ermér þykkirstórtíðindums.);s.ráði, tobeadvisable (litluráðiþykkirmérs.ferðþessi);s.sannindumokréttindum, toregard truthandright;hannspurði,hví(=hverju)þatsætti, heaskedhowitcameabout, what was the reason. sæta,f. awomanwhosehusbandhas gone out of the country. sæti,n.(1) seat;vísae-mtilsætis, to assignaseattoone;(2) hay-rick (brjóta ofan s.).

sætis-stóll, m. a chair of state. sætr,n.pl. mountainpastures (tilsætra ok í bygðinni), = setr. sæ-tré, n. pl., poet. ‘sea-trees’, ships. sætt,a.n. sothatonecansit;setiter númeðans.er, wehavesataslongaswe could.

sætt (pl. -ir),f. reconciliation,agreement (s.þeirakonungsokErlings),= sátt.

sætta (-tta, -ttr),v. toreconcile (s.enviðe-n);refl.,sættast, tocometoterms; s. ámálit, tocometoanagreementinthe matter.

sætta-brigði,n. breach ofanagreement; -laust, a. n. without truce. sættar-boð,n.=sáttarboð; -bréf,n. writtenevidenceofagreement; -efni,n. basisofanagreement; -fundr, peacemeeting; -gørð,f.=sáttargørð; -orð, n.pl. wordsofpeace,mediation; -rof, n. breachofanagreement; -stefna,f.= -fundr.

sætta-umleitan, f. = sáttarumleitan.

sætt-fúss,a. willingtocometotermsor make peace.

sættir, m. peace-maker, reconciler. sævar-,gen.from‘sær’; -bakki,m. sea-beach; -borg,f. acastleonthesea; -djúp,n. thedeepsea; -gangr,m. the swellofthesea,thesearunninghigh; -hamrar, m. pl. sea-crags.

sœfa (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) toputtodeath, kill,esp.asacrificialbeast(sœfðvóru þaukvikendi,ergoðunumvarfórnat); (2)refl.,sœfast, tobekilled;s.á sverðinu,spjótinu, tobekilledbyasword orspearthrustthroughthebody (sœfist hón á sverðinu ok deyr).

sœfari, m. sacrificing priest. sœfing, f. sacrifice (s. guðs lambs).

sœgr (pl. -ir),m.(1) wetweather,rain; (2) tumult,uproar (s.mikilleríbœnum okliðalltölótt);(3) shred [rífalíkannaí sœgi sundr].

sœkja (sœki, sótta, sóttr),v.(1) to seek (hannætlarats.sérkirkjuviðok siglirþegaráhaf);þangatsœkirþikengi, noonewillseektheethither;s.heilræði oktraustate-m, toseekgoodcounseland helpfromone;s.umliðveizluviðe-n, to callononeforsupport;(2) togotofetch (B.áttierendiyfirfjörðats.skjöldusína okvápn);s.e-tíe-nstað or tile-sstaðar, togotoaplacetofetchathing (s.grös uppíhlíð,vatntillœkjar);(3) tovisit, cometo (ennaldnajötuneksótta);s.enheim, tocometoseeone,visitoneinhis home;s.þing, toattendorfrequentáþing; s.e-natliðveizlu,umliðveizlu, tocallon oneforsupport;(4) toattack,assail (s.enmeðvápnum;þessirmunus.ossmeð eldi);s.e-nheim, tofallupononeinhis house (Gunnarsóttuheimþeirhöfðingjar,er…);(5) tocatch,overtake (núfiðr

hanngeldingaflokkokfæreigisótt);(6) toovercome,master (munuþeirmikaldri fásótt,meðanekkemboganumvið); to carry,take (eigimuneyinsóttverða);(7) topursue;þeirsækjaferðinaknáliga, they pushondoughtily;s.fastróðrinn(sundit), topull(swim)hard;(8) toprosecute, inalawsuit(s.e-nsökum,s.e-ntilfullra laga);sóttiK.tillandsatMóeiðarhváli, K.laidclaimtothelandatM.;s.sök,mál, tocarryonasuit;skaltþús.þærsakir báðar, boththesesuitsthoushalltakeup; s.máltillaga, tofollowupasuitatlaw;(9) topassover (býðrþeimats.fjallitnorðr íbygð);varáinall-illats., theriverwas verybadtocross;(10)absol. toproceed, go,advance (þeirstígaafhestunumok sœkjauppáhólinn);erhannsóttilangt austr, whenhehadadvancedfareastward; s.áfunde-s, togotoseeone;s.at,s.á, toattack (s.áborg); tourgethematter,insist (Þ.sóttiáþvímeirr,enG.fórundan);s.eptire-m, topursue (Egillsótti þáeptirþeim);s.fram, toadvance,go forward,inbattle(E.sóttiþáframok hjótilbeggjahanda);s.tile-sstaðar, tofrequentaplace (tilTúnsbergssóttu mjökkaupmenn);(11)refl.,sœkjast, to advance,ofaworkinhand(eneráleið vetrinn,sóttistmjökborgargørðin); tobe passed,ofaroadordistance;núermeir enhálf-sótt, morethanhalf-way;sóttist þeimseintskipþeiraHrúts, theywere slowinboardingHrut’sship;þeirætla,at þeimmuniillas.atvinnaoss, theythink itwillbeahardstruggletomasterus;recipr., toseekoneanother sœkjastsérum líkir, birdsofafeatherflocktogether; toattackoneanother,fight (þeirnafnarsóttust lengi).

sœkjandi, m. prosecutor.

sœla (-da), v. to slake (s. þorsta).

sœma (-da, -dr),v.(1) tohonour;ef hannvildis.hannínökkuruléni, ifhe wouldhonourhimwith(thegrantof)afief; (2)s.viðe-t, toputupwith,bearwith (hannþóttisteigimegas.viðskaphennar);s.viðheiminn, toconformtothe world;s.viðe-n, toattend,waiton (þú, kerling, skalt s. við gestinn).

sœmd,f.(1) honour;fá,hafas.af eu,toget,havehonourfromamatter; gera,veitae-ms., todo,showhonourto one;(2) redressforlossorinjury (þóttist Þórarinnengas.hafafyrirvígÞorvalds bróður síns).

sœmdar-atkvæði,n. honourablemention; -auki,m. increaseofhonour; -boð, n. honourableoffer; -ferð,f. honourable journey (fara-ferð); -fýst,f. ambition; -för,f.=-ferð; -hlutr,m. (shareof)honour (hafa-hlutafe-u); -klæði,n. robe ofhonour; -lauss,a. honourless; -maðr, m. honourableman,manofdistinction (muntþúþarþykkja-maðr,semþúert); verðae-mat-manni, todohonourtoone; -mál,n. honourable mention; -nafn,n. titleofdistinction; -ráð,n. honourable match; -skaði,m.,-spell,n. dishonour; -seti,n. seatofhonour; -tákn,n. mark ofhonour; -vald,n. privilegedpower; -vœnligr, a., promising honour. sœmi-leikr,m. becomingness,propriety; -liga,adv. honourably,becomingly; -ligr,a. honourable,becoming;-ligr kaleikr, a costly chalice. sœm-leitr, a. fine to look at. sœmr,a. becoming,befitting (þérer sœmra sverð at rjóða).

sœnskr, a. Swedish, = svenskr. sœra (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) toconjure,adjure (eksæriþikviðallakraptaKrists);(2) to

exorcize (s. djöfla frá óðum mönnum).

sœri, n. pl. oaths, swearing (rjúfa s.).

sœring (pl. -ar), f. exorcism.

sœringa-maðr, m. exorcist.

sœrr,a. tobesworn,ofanoath(hann sórþeimeiðinnoksagðiþó,ateigimundi vel s. vera).

sœta, f., sœti, n. sweetness.

sœt-leikr,m. sweetness; -liga,adv. sweetly; -ligr, a. sweet (-lig rödd).

sœtr,a. sweet (s.ilmr);þóttimér sløkktitsœtastaljósaugnaminna, the sweetest light of my eyes.

söðla (að),v. tosaddle (okbaðhanns. hestaþeira);fig.,s.e-uáe-t or áofan, to addone(affront)toanother (Björnsöðlar því á ofan, at hann kvað vísu þessa).

söðla-búr, n. saddle-room. söðul-bogi,m. saddle-bow; -fjöl,f. saddle-board,saddle-tree; -gjörð,f. saddle-girth; -hringja,f. saddle-buckle; -klæði, n. saddle-cloth. söðull (pl. söðlar),m. saddle;leggja

söðul á hest, to saddle a horse. söðul-reiði,n. saddle-harness; -reim, f. saddle-strap; -treyja,f. saddle-cloth (?).

sög (gen. sagar, pl. sagar), f. saw. sögn (gen. sagnar,pl. sagnir),f.(1) speech,opp.to‘þögn’(s.eðaþögnhaf þérsjálfríhug);(2) tale,report,news (konungrvarðallreiðr,þáerhannheyrði þessas.);þaters.manna,at, peoplesay, thestorygoes,that;nauðgae-m,pínaen,tilsagna, toforceonetoconfess,bytorture; (3) host of men (cf. ‘skipssögn’). sögu-,gen.from‘saga’; -bók,f. sagabook,volumeofsagas; -efni,n. materials forasaga; -ligr,a. worthtelling,important; -ljóð,n.pl. historicalpoems; -maðr,m.(1) informant,authority;(2)

the hero of a tale; -sögn, f. tradition. sög-vísi, f. tattling propensity. sök (gen. sakar,pl. sakar or sakir), f.(1) charge,theoffencecharged;sönns., atruecharge;gerasakaráhendrsér, to incurcharges;gerasakirviðe-n, todooffenceorharmtoone;sannrats., proved (found)guilty;gefae-m(upp)sakir, toremitacharge;gefae-ms.(sakar)áe-u, gefae-me-tats., tomakeachargeagainst one;fœrastundansökum, topleadnot guilty;vera(bundinn)ísökumviðe-n, to havedoneoffencetoone (konungrtókstór gjöldafbóndumþeim,erhonumþóttuísökumviðsik);(2) suit,action,in court;eigas.áe-u, tohaveagroundfor complaint;ekásjálfrs.áþví, thatismy ownaffair;sækjae-nsökum, toprosecute one;svæfaallarsakar, tosettleallcauses; farameðsökina, toconductthesuit;segja framsöksína, todeclareonessuit;(3) effect;hafaekkiats., toeffectnothing;tók Þóroddrþáatvandaumkvámurhans, okhafðiekkiats., buttonoeffect;(4) cause,reason (þóttikonungisakirtil,þótt hannhefðieigikomit);fyrirhverjas., for thesakeofwhat,why? fyrirþá(þessa)s., forthatreason,therefore;afþeimsökum, fromthatcause (sválaukþessu,athúsfreyjaléztafþeimsökum);fyrire-ssakir or sökum, forthesakeof,becauseof;fyrir ástarsakir, forlove’ssake; withrespectto (skyldiboðitverðasemvegligast,bæði fyrirtilfangasakirokfjölmennis);fyrir mínumsökum, formysake,formypart; umsakarþínar, forthysake;oftime,um nokkurranáttasakir, forafewnights;of (um)stundarsakir, forawhile;umsinns sakir, forthisonce;umnætrsakir, forone night;sakire-s,sökume-s=fyrirsakires, fyrir sökum e-s.

søkkva (søkk; sökk, sukkum; sokkinn),v. tosink (skútansökkniðr með öllum farminum).

søkkva (-ta, -t),v. tosink,maketo sink,withdat.(reruþeirmennútáfjörð oksøktuþarniðrkistunni);refl., søkkvast, tosinkdown (ormrinnsøktistí sæinn).

sökótt,a.n.,inthephrase,eigas.við e-n, tohavemanyquarrelswith (áeks.við fólkit).

söknuðr, m. = saknaðr. sök-tal, n. = saktal.

söku-dólgr, -nautr,m. apersonwith whomoneisatvariance,enemy,adversary. sök-vörn, f. defence in a suit. söl (gen. sölva),n.pl. anedibleseaweed, dulse. sölu-,gen.from‘sala’; -váð,f. apiece of common stuff, wadmal. söluváðar-brœkr,f.pl., -kufl,m., -kyrtill,m. breeks,cowl,kirtlemadeof

ordinary stuff (söluváð).

sölva-fjara,f. beachwheredulseis gathered,dulse-gathering (veraí-fjöru); -kaup, n. purchase of dulse. söndugr, a. sandy, = sendinn.

söng-bók,f. song-book,chant-book; -fœri,n. musicalinstrument; -hljóð,n. pl. singing,music; -hljómi,m. soundof music; -hús, n. choir; -íþrótt, f. = -list. söngla (að),v. tomakeajinglingor ringingsound (sprattjárnitágólfit,sváat sönglaði við).

söng-list,f. artofmusic; -maðr,m. singer; -mær,f.(1) singingmaid;(2)a kindof bell; -nám,n. instructioninmusic. söngr (-s, -var),m.(1) singing,music (heyrafagransöng);(2) song,lay (upphaf sönganna).

söng-raust, -rödd,f. singing-voice; -tól, n. pl. = -fœri.

söngvinn, a. given to singing. sørvi, n. necklace (steina-sørvi).

Ttabarðr, m. tabard, cloak. tabola, f. tablet, altar-piece. tabúr, n. labour, tambourine. tað,n. manure,dung;reiðat.áakrland, to manure a field. taða (gen.pl. taðna),f.(1) themanuredfield,home-field (skuluþeirsláí töðuídag);(2) thehayfromthemanured field (rakatöðusínaallasamanístórsæti).

tað-skegglingar,m.pl. dungbeardlings (a contemptuous name).

tafl,n.(1) aboard-game,‘tables’,chess, draughts;sitjaattafli,leikat.,attafli, to playatchess;núerubrögðítafli, there isatrickinthegame,thereisfoulplay; (2) theboardwiththepieces (taflitsvarfaðist); (3) piece in the game, = tafla. tafla, f. piece in a game of tables. tafl-borð,n. draught-board,chessboard; -brögð,n.pl. tricksofplaying; -fé,n. themoneyplayedfor,thestakes; -maðr,m. playeratchess; -pungr,m. a bagforthepieces; -speki,f. skillinplaying. tafn,n.(1) sacrifice (hannhétmiklu tafni); (2) bloody prey (poet.).

tagl,n. horse’stail (skerat.ór hrossum); rarely, cow’s tail. tak, n. hold, grasp. taka (tek; tók, tókum; tekinn),v. (1) totake,catch,seize (tókuþeirlaxinn okotrinnokbárumeðsér);G.tókinni

vinstrihendispjótitálopti, G.caughtthe spearwithhislefthand;manhónt.fé okkartalltmeðráni, shewilltakeallour goodsbyforce;t.e-nhöndum, toseize one,takecaptive;tökumvápnvár, letus taketoourweapons;(2)fig.,t.trú, totake thefaith,becomeaChristian;t.skírn, to bebaptized;t.hvíld, totakearest;t.flótta, totaketoflight;t.rœðu,umrœðu, to beginaparley;t.ráð, totakeacounsel (= t.tilráðs);t.e-norðum, toaddressone;t. sættir or sættum, toacceptterms;t.þennakost, totakethischoice;t.stefnu, to fixameeting;t.boði, toacceptanoffer; t.sótt, tobetakenill;t.úgleði, togetout ofspirits;t.andviðri, tomeetwithcontrarywinds;t.konung, totake,electa king;t.konu, totakeawife;t.úkunna stigu, totaketounknownways;t.e-n or e-mvel, toreceiveonewell;t.e-tþvert, totakeathingcrossly,denyflatly;t.upp höndum, toraisethehands;(3) toreach, stretchforth,touch;fremrihyrnantók viðbeinit, theupperhorncaughtthecollar bone;þvíatektekeigiheimíkveld, for Ishallnotreachhometo-night;hárittók ofanábelti, thehaircamedowntoher waist;(4) toreachandtakeharbour (þeir tókulandáMelrakka-sléttu);(5) totake, hold,ofavessel(ketill,ertóktværtunnur);(6) tobeequivalentto,beworth (hringrinntóktólfhundruðmórend);(7) withinfin., tobegin (hanntókatyrkja, þegarerhannvarungr);nútakaöllhúsin atlóga, nowthewholehousebeganto blaze;impers.,þátókatlægjaveðrit, thenthewindbegantofall;(8) totouch, regard,concern (þatallt,semleikmenn tekr);(9) tocatch(up),comeupwith (hannvarallramannafóthvatastr,sváat engihestrtókhannárás);(10) tostart,

rush (Eirikrtókútorstofunni,enkonungrbaðmennhlaupaeptirhonum);t.á rás,t.frá, totaketorunning,runaway (sváilltsemnúerfráatt.,þámunþó síðarrverra);(11)impers. itistaken;þá tókafveðrit(acc.) thenthestormabated;komáfótinn,sváataftók, thestroke cameonhisleg,sothatitwascutoff;sýninatekrfráe-m, onebecomesblind;tók útskipÞangbrands, Th.’sshipdriftedout; umváritersumarhitatók, whenthesummerheatsetin;(12)withpreps,and advs.,t.e-naflífi,lífdögum,t.e-naf, totakeone’slife,puttodeath;t.e-naf nafniokveldi, todepriveoneofhistitle andpower;t.afhesti, totake(thesaddle) offahorse;t.e-tafe-m, totakeathing fromone,depriveoneof (ervértókum seglitafhonum,þágréthann);t.afsér ópit, toceaseweeping;t.e-tafe-m, to getfrotnone (tekrhannaföllufólkimikil lof);t.mikinn(mikil),lítinn(lítil)afeu, tomake(say)much,littleof;hóntók lítilaföllu, shesaidlittleaboutit,tookit coldly;øngantekekafumliðveizluvið þik, Iwillnotpledgemyselfastohelping thee;t.e-taf, tochoose,take;G.bauðþér góðboð,enþúvildirengiaft., G.made theegoodoffers,butthouwouldsttakenone ofthem;farasemfœtrmegaaft., atthe topofone’sspeed;hannsigldisuðrsemaf tók, asfastaspossible; toabolish,doaway with (lagðiáþatallanhugalt.afheiðni okfornarvenjur);t.e-taptr, totakeback, rendervoid (t.aptrþat,erekgef); torecall (t.aptrorð,heilsín);t.áe-u, totouch (hóntókáaugumhans);t.vel,auðvelliga,lítt,illaáe-u, totake(athing)well,in goodpart,ill,inillpart (fluttuþeirþettafyrirjarli,enhanntókvelá);t.e-tá sik, totakeupononeself (kvaðstheldrviljat.þatásikatgefahonumannátaugat); tókuþeirásiksvefnmikinn, theyfellfast asleep;t.arfeptire-n, toinheritone;t. e-teptir, togetinreturn;meðþvíatþú gerirsvá,semekbýðþér,skaltunökkut eptirt., thoushalthavesomereward;t.etfráe-m, totakeathingawayfromone (þeirtókuspjótinfráþeimokbáruútá ána);t.e-nfráe-u, todepriveoneof(t. e-nfrálandi,ríki);t.e-tfyrire-t, totake inreturnfor (hannkeyptisveinanaoktók fyrirþáveslgottokslagning); totakefor, lookuponas (lökumvérþatalltfyrirsatt; þvítekekþatfyrirgaman);t.fyrire-t, to refuse (tókE.eigifyrirútanferðatsumri);t.hendiíe-t, tothrustone’shandinto;t.íhönde-m, toshakehandswithone; t.ímóti, toofferresistance (þeirbrenduvíðabygðina,enbœndrtókuekkií móti);t.niðr, topulldown,demolish (t. niðrtilgrundvallaralltþatverk); tograze alittle,=t.tiljarðar(þeirlátanútaka niðrhestasína);t.niðri, totouch(feel) thebottom;t.ofan, totakedown (Högni tekrofanatgeirinn); topulldown (hann hafðilátilt.ofanskálasinn);t.ísundr, to cutasunder;impers.,slœmdisverðinutil hans,sváatísundrtókmanninn, sothat themanwascleftasunder;t.tile-s, totake to (tókuþámargirtilatníðahann);t.til máls(orðs,orða), tobegintospeak;núer þartilmálsatt.,at, nowwemusttakeup thestoryatthispoint,that;t.tilvarnar, tobeginthedefence;t.tile-s, tohaverecourseto,resortto (t.e-ttilráðs,bragðs); toconcern (þettamál,ertilkonungstók); látae-ttilsínt., toletitconcernoneself, meddlewith (Gíslilétfátttilsínt.);t.entile-s, tochoose,elect (Ólafrvartilkonungstekinnumalltland);absol.,t.til, tobegin (hannhéltalltaustrumSvína-

sund,þátóktilvaldSvíakonungs);t.e-t til, totaketo,do;efhanntekrnökkutillt til, ifhetakestoanyill;t.ume-t, totake holdof,grasp (núskaltut.umfóthonum);t.e-tundan, totakeaway;impers., undankúnnitóknytalla, thecowceased togivemilk;t.undan, torunaway,escape (B.tókundanmeðrás);t.undire-t, to takeholdunderathing;hanntókundir kverkinaokkysstihana, hetookherby thechinandkissedher; toundertake,take upononeself;H.kvaðstekkit.mundu undirvandræðiþeira, H. saidhewould havenothingtodowiththeirtroubles;t. undire-tmeðe-m, toback,helponeina thing (vilek,atþértakitundirþettamál meðmér);þautókuundirþettaléttiliga, theysecondeditreadily;hanntókseinligaundir, hewasslowtoanswer;t.undir, toecho,resound (fjöllintókuundir);t.etundirsik, totakeonhand (Gizurrtók undirsikmálit); tolayholdof (hanntekr undirsikeignirþær,erK.áttiíNoregi);

t.e-tupp, topickup (S.tókupphanzka sinn);t.uppféfyrire-m, toseizeon,confiscate;t.uppborð, tosetupthetables beforeameal,butalso toremovethem after ameal;t.uppbygðsína, toremoveone’s abode;hóntekrmartþatupp,erfjarrier mínumvilja, shetakesmuchinhandthat isfarfrommywill;drykkokvistir,svá semskipittókupp, astheshipcouldtake; t.uppnýgoðorð, toestablishnewpriesthoods;t.uppverknað, totakeupwork;t. uppstœrð, totaketopride;t.uppsök, totakeupacase;t.uppdraum, tointerpretadream;t.e-tupp, tochoose (seg núskjótt,hvernkostþúvilluppt.);absol.,t.upp, toextend,rise (rekkjustokkr tekruppámillumrúmaokkarra);t.út, torunout (E.tókútórstofunni);t.við

e-u, toreceive (A.hafðitekitviðföðurarf sínum);t.velviðe-m, toreceiveonewell, giveoneaheartywelcome;t.viðtrú, to takethefaith;þeirtókuvelvið, theymade aboldresistance;tókviðhvárraföðrum, onetookupwheretheotherleftoff;t.yfir e-t, toextendover (hannskaleignastaf Englandiþat,semuxahúðtekryfir);impers. tocometoanend,succeed (kveðst núvænta,atnúmundiyfirt.);þeirmunu allttilvinnaatyfirtakiviðoss, toget thebetterofus;(13)refl.,takast, totake place,begin (tókstorrusta);ráðþauskyldut.atöðrusumri, theweddingshould takeplacenextsummer;takastmeðþeim góðarástir, theycametoloveoneanother much; tobebroughtabout,takeeffect,succeed;þattóksthonum, hesucceeded;t. til, tohappen (efsvávilltilt.);t.e-tá hendr, totakeonone’shands (munekþat áhendrt.atfylkjaþarfyrirliðimínu);látaaft., toletoneselfbedeprivedof;recipr.,takast(at)orðum, tospeaktooneanother;t.á,t.fangbrögðum, towrestle;t.í hendr, to shake hands.

taka,f.(1) taking,capture,ofafortress, prisoner;(2) taking,seizing,ofproperty; (3) revenue,=tekja(meðöllumtökumok skyldum).

tak-fæð,f. destitution,poverty; -mark, n. lineofdemarcation,boundary; -mikill, a. able to take good hold, strong. tal,n.(1) talk,parley,conversation;vera(sitja)átaliviðe-n, tobe(sit)talking with (ekhefiveritátaliviðHrafnok Sturlu);eigat.viðe-n, tohaveatalkwith; takat.sitt,takat.meðsér, tobeginto talktogether;skiljatalit, toceasetalking; héltbiskupmikitt.afhonum, heldmuch talkwithhim;takaannatt., tochangethe conversationtoanothersubject;(2) speech,

language (þúmuntveraútlendr,þvíatt. þittokyfirbragðerekkilíkthérlenzku fólki);(3) tale,number;tólfeinirtalsins, onlytwelveinnumber;veraíbóndatali, to bereckonedamongpeasants;(4) tale,list, series (konunga-tal, skalda-tal). tala,f.(1) speech,discourse (þáhóf hanntölusínauppoksagði);látaganga töluna, togoonwithone’stale (Þórir þagði,meðanGrettirlétgangatöluna); (2) tale,number;hannhafðitöluáþessummönnum, hetooktaleof,counted them;hafae-níþrælatölu, toreckonone amongthralls,treatoneasathrall;(3) number, in grammar; (4) bead (glertala). tala (að),v.(1) totalk,speak (t.hátt okhvellt);withacc.,síðantöluðuþeir leyniligaráðagørðsína, afterthatthey talkedovertheirplansbythemselves;(2) tospeak,makeaspeech (talaðikonungr fyrirliðinuokmæltisvá);(3) torecord, tell;okerekkiumhansferðiratt.fyrren hannkemrheim, thereisnothingtotell abouthisjourneytillhecomeshome;(4) withpreps.,t.tile-s, totalk(speak)toone (RútrtalaðiþátilMarðar); totalkabout, =t.ume-t;t.viðe-n, tospeaktoone (nú talarFlosiviðmennsína);recipr.,þeir töluðustmartvið, theytalkedaboutmany things.

talaðr,pp. spoken,speaking;t.vel, a goodspeaker (snjallrímáliokt.velá þingum).

tal-hlýðinn,a. listeningtotalk,credulous (konungrvar-hlýðinnokeigidjúpsær).

tamning, f. taming, breaking in. tamr,a.(1) tame,=tamiðr,ofacolt; (2) familiar,ready (þatvarðtamast,semí œskunni hafði numit).

tams-vöndr, m. taming (magic) wand.

tand-rauðr, a. ‘fire-red’, of gold. tandri, m. fire (poet.). tangi,m.(1) apointprojectingintothe sea;(2) thepointedendbywhichtheblade isdrivenintothehandle (sverðitbrastí tanganum).

tanna-,gen.pl.from‘tönn’; -gangr, m. chewing,tearingwiththeteeth; -gnastran,f., -gnistr,m. gnashingofteeth; -hold, n. the gums. tannari, m. tusk-chisel. tanna-skjálfti,m. chatteringofthe teeth; -verkr, m. tooth-ache. tann-belti,n. abeltofwalrus-tusk; -berr,a. withprominentteeth; -fé,n. tooth-fee (agifttoaninfantwhenitcuts itsfirsttooth); -garðr,m. ‘tooth-wall’, therowofteeth; -hjaltaðr,pp. tusk-hilted; -hjölt,n.pl. ahiltofwalrus-tusk; -lausa,a. toothless; -refill,m. tuskchisel; -sárr,a. tooth-sore,ill-treated; -skeptr,pp. withhandleofwalrus-tusk; -spjald,n. aplate(tablet)ofwalrus-tusk; -tafl,n. pieces(chessmen)ofwalrus-tusk; -vara, f. walrus-tusks.

tapa (að),v.(1) tolose,withdat.(þar tapaðihónkambisínum);(2) tokill,put todeath (t.e-m,lífie-s);(3)refl.,tapast, to be lost, come to nought. tapan, f. (1) loss; (2) perdition. tapar-øx, f. a kind of small axe. tappa (að),v. totap,draw,fromacask (t. vín, mungát).

tarfr, m. bull. targa, f. target, small round shield. tarra (að),v. tolayforth,spreadout (t. gulli ok gersimum).

taska,f. bag,sack (töskurtværfullar með gull ok silfr).

tas-vígr, a. very busy (at e-u). taufr, n. pl. sorcery, charms.

taufra T teflingr

taufra (að), v. to enchant.

taufra-maðr, m. sorcerer, enchanter. taufrar, m. pl. = taufr.

taug (pl. -ar),f. string,rope; -reptr, pp.? havingropesinplaceofrafters,ofa poor cottage.

tauma-lag, n. holding the reins. taumr (-s, -ar),m. rein,bridle (Á.tók ítaumana);háfahestítaumi, tohavea ledhorsewithone;berataumáísinn, to measuretheicewithacord;ganga,akastí tauma, to fail, not to be fulfilled.

tauta (að), v. to mutter, murmur. tá (gen. tár,pl. tær),f. toe;táinin mesta, the big toe. tá, n. path, walk (poet.).

tág (pl. -ar), f. stringy root, fibre. tá-járn, n. ‘toe-iron’, fetter. tákn,n.(1) token,mark (krossaroköll heilögtákn);(2) token,wonder,miracle (núvarþatíannatsinn,atÓlafrkonungr gerði fagrt t.).

tákna (að),v. tobetoken,signify;t. fyrir, to forebode. tákn-samligr,a.(1) symbolical;(2) miraculous (-samlig lækning).

tál (pl. -ar),f. deceit,allurement;pl. devices;dragae-nátálar, todrawintoa trap, betray. tálar-dísir,f.pl. guileful(female) spirits; -snara,f. treacheroussnareor noose, = tálsnara.

tálga (að), v. to carve, = telgja. tálga, f. cutting, carving. tál-gröf, f. pitfall. tálgu-grjót,n. free-stone; -knífr,m. carving-knife,whittle; -tól,n. carvingtool; -øx, f. adze. tálkn, n. gills of fish; whale-bone. tálkn-fanir,f.pl. stripsofwhalebone; -akið,n. athickpieceofwhalebone (berja

með-skíði); -sproti,m. wandofwhalebone.

tál-lauss,a. guileless; -lausliga,adv. guilelessly, sincerely. tálma (að),v. tohinder (E.konungr tálmaði ekki ferð hans).

tálman, f. hindering, obstruction. tál-samligr,a. treacherous; -sigi,m. bait,allurement; -snara,f. adeceitful snare.

tár,n. tear (hrundutárinákinnrhonum); fella tár, to shed tears. tára-brunnr,m. floodoftears; -fall, n. weeping; -fullr,a. tearful; -regn,n. = -brunnr.

tárast (að),v.refl. toshedtears,weep (hann táraðist mjök).

tár-blandinn,pp. blentwithtears; -feldr,a. weeping,tearful; -fella (-da, -dr),v. toshedtears; -felling,f. sheddingoftears; -mildr,a. profuseoftears, apttoweep (-mildaugu); -stokkinn,pp. tear-besprinkled (meðtárstokknumaugum).

tárug-hlýra, a. with tearful cheeks. té,n.,inthephrase,þateryðrjafnaní té, it is always free to you. teðja (teð, tadda, taddr),v. todung, manure (t. vel garða).

tefja (tef, tafða, tafinn),v. tohinder, delay (t. e-n, t. fyrir e-m).

tefla (-da, -dr),v.(1) toplayattables, chess,draughts,etc.(sumirteflduskáktafleðahneftafleðakvátru);(2)t.íuppnám, toexposethepieces,sothatthey canbetaken(vildiS.beraaptrriddara, erhannhafðitefltíuppnám);(3)t.e-n upp, tobeatoneinagameofdraughts,fig. todepriveoneofwhatonehas;(4) toweave checks.

teflingr, m. checkered cloth.

tegund, f., see ‘tigund’.

teigr (-s, -ar),m. stripoffieldor meadow-land (atsláteigþann,erheitir Gullteigr).

teig-yrki (pl. -yrkjar),m. fieldlabourer (-yrkjar ok verkamenn).

teikn, n. token, = tákn. teikna (að),v.(1) todenote,signify (hvatmunþettahafaatt.?);(2) tomakea sign,indicatebyasign,=benda(konungr teiknaði mér, at ek skylda byrla honum).

teiknan, f. beckoning, = bending. teina, f. basket made of twigs.

teindr, pp. beaten into rods or bars. teinn (-s, -ar),m.(1) twig; sprout,= teinungr;(2) spit (tókekþeirahjörtuoká teinisteiktak);(3) astake tohangthings on; (4) = hlautteinn (þeir hristu teina).

teinungr, m. sprout, twig. tein-vöndr, m. wand, rod. tein-æringr,m. ten-oaredboat; -ærr, a. ten-oared (skip -ært).

teita (-tta, -ttr),v. togladden,cheer, make cheerful. teiti, f. gladsomeness, cheerfulness. teitr, a. glad, cheerful, merry. tekinn,pp.from‘taka’, (taken)ill (lá hann ok var mjök t.).

tekja,(1)take,taking;(2) seizure, booty;(3) income,revenue (konungrgaf þeim hálfar tekjur við sik).

temja (tem; tamda; tamiðr, tamdr, taminn),v.(1) totame,breakin;øxn namatt., hetooktobreakinginoxen; (2) totrain,exercise (t.sikviðíþróttir or t.séríþróttir);hannáttihrafnatvá, erhannhafðitamitviðmál, hehadtwo ravens which he had trained to talk. tempra (að),v.(1) totemper; moderate (t.skaplyndisitt);(2) totemper,blend, mix (temprandi sín tár með hans tárum).

tempran, f. tempering. tempranar-fullr,a. temperate; -laust, adv. intemperately.

telgja (-ða, -ðr),v. toshape,hew, carve,cut woodorstonewithadzeor knife;síðantelgðihannafrúnarnar, he cut off the runes. telja (tel; talda; taliðr, taldr, talinn),v.(1) tocount,number (G. biskuphafðit.látitbœndráÍslandi);t. kynsitttile-s,eigatile-satt., totrace one’sdescentfrom;þóttþúeigirfrændsemiatt.viðmik, thoughthou canstreckonthyselfmykithandkin;(2) totell, say,setforth;hanntaldilitlasínafýsi atróalengra, hesaidthathehadlittle mindforrowingfarther;t.tölu, tomake aspeech,preachasermon;(3) toreckon, consider (H.telrsiknúhraustarimann enáðrvarhann);t.sére-t, toclaimfor oneself,reckonasone’sproperty (Þ.krókr taldisérdalinn,okkallaðihannþatsitt landnám);(4)t.fyrirvindi, togowell beforethewind,ofaship(skipinvoru örskreiðoktölduvelfyrirvindinum);(5) withpreps.,t.e-taf, todissuade;t.e-taf fyrire-m, todissuadeonefrom;t.ate-u, toblame,findfaultwith,objectto (manek ekkiatt.,þóatþútrúiráþatgoð,erþér líkar);t.áe-n, torebuke,blame;t.e-teptire-m, togrudgeoneathing (ekkitelek mateptirykkr);t.fyrire-m, totrytopersuadeone (S.boðaðiÞangbrandiheiðni oktaldilengifyrirhonum);t.trúfyrirem, topreachthegospeltoone;t.e-tofan, todissuadefrom;t.tile-s, toclaim (taldihanntilríkis);t.e-tupp, toenumerate,reckonup (þátaldiÞ.uppkonurþær, semvóruíBorgarfirðiúgiptar);(6)refl., teljastundane-u, todecline,refuse (telst hann undan förinni).

tendra (að),v.(1), tomakeafire,light (t.eld,ljós,kerti);(2) tokindle,excite (t. hug sinn).

tengda-lið,n., -menn,m.pl. relations by affinity. tengdir, f. pl. affinity. tengdr, pp. related by affinity. tengja (-da, -dr),v. tofasten,tietogether (hannlétt.skipsínhvertframaf stafniannars);t.samanskipin, totiethe ships together. tengsl,n.pl.(1) theropesorfastenings bywhichshipswereboundtogetherduringbattle(höggvatengslináskipum sínum); (2) ties of affinity. tengsla (að),v. totietogether (t. saman skip).

teninga-kast, n. throw of dice. teningr (-s, -ar),m. die;kasta teningum, to throw dice. tenntr, pp. toothed (t. sem villigöltr). teppa (-ta, -tr),v.(1) toconfine,enclose,shutin (t.e-ninni);(2) toclose, stop, bar (t. e-m stig).

testament, n. bequest, will. texti, m. (1) text; (2) gospels. teygi-agn,n. bait; -ligr,a. tempting, enticing. teyging, f. enticement, temptation. teygja (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) tostretchout, draw (t.hálsinn);(2) tospreadoutdough intoaflatcake (t.brauð);(3) toallure, entice (teygirhannrakkannábrottmeð sér).

teyma (-da, -dr),v. toleadbytherein (hann teymdu tveir saman).

tigi,n. charge;onlyinthephrase,engi maðrerít.til,nema…, nonecanbe blamedbut,thereisnoquestionofanyone but. tigin-borinn,pp. ofnoblebirth;

-leikr,m. noblebirth; -mannligr,a. noble-looking. tiginn,a. high-born,ofhighestate,noble,ofakingoranearl(þúkanntvelat vera með tignum mönnum).

tigl,n. tile,brick; -grjót,n. bricks; -gørð,f. brick-making; -ofn,m. brick kiln; -veggr, m. brick wall. tigla (að),v. toreimburse,refund,of small sums.

tign, f. state, highness, honour. tigna (að),v. tohonour,worship (t. goð);tignasikkonungs-nafni, toassume aking’sname;refl.,tignast, tobeexalted, glorified. tignar-klæði,n.pl. robesofstate; -kóróna,f. royalcrown; -lauss,a.= útiginn; -maðr,m. amanofrank; -mark,n. markofhighrank; -nafn,n. hightitle; -sess,m. seatofhonour; -skrúð,n.=-klæði; -stóll,m. chairof state,throne; -svipr,m. airofdigniiy, royallook; -sæti,n.=-sess; -vald,n. supremacy.

tigr (gen. -ar;pl. -ir,acc. -u),m. a ten,decade,=tegr,tøgr,togr,tugr;tíu tigirmanna, onehundredmen;hálfan fjórðatøgskipa, thirty-fiveships;sexins fimtatigar, forty-six;vetrifáttífjóra tigu, thirty-nine years.

tigu-liga,ortigur-liga,adv. nobly, grandly; -ligr,a. lordly,princely (inn-ligi maðr).

tigund,f. kind,sort,species (þeirfjórir hlutir,erágætastireruhérílandi,hverr í sinni t.).

til,prep.withgen.(1) to (ríðatilskips, komat.Noregs);leiða,stefnat.e-s, to lead,tendtowards;(2) of;talavel,illates, tospeakwell,illofone;vitat.e-s, to knowof,beconsciousof; spyrjat.e-s,to

heartidingsof; segjat.e-s,totellof;ljúgat.e-s, totellafalsehoodabout;(3) on; t.annarrarhandar, ontheotherhandor side;t.vinstri,hœgrihandar, ontheleft, righthand;(4)denotingreason,purpose, respect(sveltasikt.fjár;berjastt.ríkis; blótat.árs;sverðørugtt.vápns);liggjat.byrjar, towaitforafavourablewind; hrosst.reiðar, ahorseforriding;(5)e-m verðrgott,illtt.e-s, oneiswellorilloff forathing,hasmuchorlittleofit;þeim varðgottt.manna, theygottogethermany men;landilltt.hafna, alandillofffor havens;henniféllþungtt.fjár, shewas pressedformoney;(6)withverbs,geraett.skapse-m, todoathingtopleaseone; jafnae-ut.e-s, tocompareitwith;gera vel,illat.e-s, totreatonewell,badly;(7) oftime;t.elli, tooldage;t.dauðadags, tillone’sdeathday;liðrásumaritt.átta vikna, thesummerpassedtilleightweeks wereleft;t.þesser,þart.er, until;alltt., all thetimetill;(8)ellipt.andadverbial usages;verat., toexist;falaheyokmat, eft.væri, iftherewereanyleft;hvárttveggjaert., thereisastockofboth;eigat., hafat., topossess;þatáð,semhelztvar t., readytohand;verat.neyddr, tobe forced;skiljat., toreserve;verðafyrstrt., tobethefirsttodoathing;(9) too (t.ungr,t.gamall,eigit.víðlendr);eigit.mikit, nottoomuch,notverymuch;ævat. snotr, nottoowise;helztt.(helzti),mikils t. (mikilsti), by far too much. til-aflan, f. providing of supplies. tilannaðar-maðr, m. furtherer. til-beini,m. furtherance,help; -biðja, v. toworship; -boð,n. offer; -bragi,n. contrivance,behaviour; -brigði,n.pl.(1) change;(2) nature,naturalorhereditary disposition (þykkirEgillveramerkiligr maðr,semlíkligterfyrir-brigðasökum); -búnaðr,m. arrangement,preparation; -dráttr,m.(1) attraction;(2) occasion; -efni,n. business,affairs,deserts;hann vissi-efnisín, heunderstoodhisownaffairs; -felldr,pp. fit,convenient; -felli,n. occurrence,circumstance,accident, case; -felliligr,a. suitable; -ferð,f. admittance; -flutning,f. supply; -fyndiligr,a. suitable; -fyndinn,a. faultfinding; -fýsi,f. desire,longing; -fýsiligr,a. desirable; -fýst,f.=-fýsi; -fœrr, a. able (=fœrrtil); -föng,n.pl. means, supplies; -för,f. attack,=atför; -gangr, m.(1) circumstances,grounds;(2) recourse; -gengiligr,a. accessible; -gjöf, f.dower,bridalgift; -gørð,f. desert,merit;eptir-gørðum, accordingtoone’s deserts;fyrirenga-gørð,utanvárrarigørðar, withoutprovocation; -gørning,f. =-gørð; -hallr,a. favourable(to); -heyriliga,adv. duly,properly; -heyriligr,a. due,proper; -hlýðiligr, a. due,becoming; -hneiging,f. bent,inclination; -hættni,f. venture,risk; -kall,n. claim (eiga-kalltile-s); -koma, -kváma,f. coming,arrival; -komandi,a. coming, arriving; m. new-comer. tilkomu-lauss,a. ofnoconsequence; -maðr, m. new-comer. til-kváma,f.=-koma; -kvæði,n. addressingoneinverse; -kvæmd,f. consequence, importance. tilkvæmdar-maðr,m. apersonofconsequence or importance. til-lag,n.(1) help,contribution;(2) counsel, advice; -laga, f. = -lag. tillaga-fár,a. reservedincounsel; -góðr,a. well-disposed;-góðrinnastœrrimála, agoodcounsellorinimportant matters; -illr,a. evil-disposed,interfer-

ing in a hostile way. til-lát,n. compliance; -látsamr,a. yielding; -látsemi,f. compliance; -leiðing,f. inducement; -leitinn,a.= áleitinn; -leitni,f. attempt; -lit,n.(1) glance,look;illt-lit, adismallook;(2) opinion; -lokkan,f. allurement; -lotning,f. reverence; -lystiligr,a. desirable; -læti,n. deference;hafa-lætivið e-n,gerae-m-læti, toshowdeferenceto; -mæli,n.(1) claim (eigarétt-mælitil Noregs);(2) request; -raun,f. trial,experiment (gera-raun); -ráð,n. onset;veitae-m-ráð, toassaultone; -ruðning,f. clearingthewayforathing;af-ruðning e-s, byonesefforts; -ræði,n.(1) assault; veitae-m-ræði, toassault;(2) boldness, daring (munosssigrsverðaauðit,efoss skortir eigi þrá ok -ræði).

tilræðis-maðr, m. a daring man. til-rœða,f. discussion,consultation (áðrvarmjöklöng-rœðaumþatmál); -setning,f. arrangement; -sigling,f. shippingtoaplace; -sjá, -sjó,f. attention, care,supervision; -skip-aðr,pp. fixed, appointed; -skipan,f. arrangement,disposition; -skyldan,f.(1) one’sdeserts, due;(2) compulsion; -slœgja,f., -slœgr,m. profit,=slœgr; -sókn,f.(1) crowding;(2) attack; -spurn, -spurning,f. hearing,intelligence; -staða,f. condition,state,circumstances; -stilli, n., -stilling,f. management,agency;af þínu-stilli, bythyguidance;allgott-stilli ummálaferli, successfulconductingof suits. tilstillingar-maðr,m. abettor,inciter (úvinrinn ok hennar -maðr).

til-stoð, f.assistance,help; -stefnan, f. causing (varðþettamjökaf-stofnan Hallmundar); -stundan,f. inducement,

exertion; -stýring,f.=-stilli; -sýndum, adv. inappearance,tolookon (fagr-sýndum); -sýni,n. look-out,view; -sýnis, adv., -sýnum,adv.=-sýndum; -sýsla,f. management; -sögn,f. information,guidance; -tak,n. alayingholdof;góðr-taks, good to resort to; -taka, f. = -tekja. tilt,a.n. peaceful;berat.meðtveim, to set goodwill between two. tiltaka-góðr,a. goodtoaid,=góðr tiltaks; -samr, a. busy, active. til-tala,f.(1) proportion;eptirréttri -tölu, indueproportion;(2) claim,= -mæli, -kall (eiga-tölutilríkis); -tekja, -tekt,f. (one’s)doingsorprocedure (þá grunaðimjökum-tekjurjarls); -teyging,f. inducement; -tæki,n.=-tekja; -tœkiligr,a. expedient (konungrspurði hannat,hvat-tœkiligastværi); -tœkr, a.(1) liabletobeseized (dræprok-tœkr, hvarsemhannverðrstaðinn);(2) ready athand,readyforuse(sváatþegarværi sverðit-tœkt,erhannvildi); -verki,m. (1) desert,merit;(2) action,deed; -verknaðr,m.=-verki; -vík,n. circumstance; -vísan,f. guidance,direction,instruction; -vísning,f.=-vísan; -ætlan,f. intention, purpose; -œsking, f. adoption. tilœskingar-sonr, m. adopted son. timbr,n.(1) timber (hannhafðilátit höggva í skógi t.); (2) a set of forty skins. timbra (að), v. to build (t. hús). timbr-högg,n. fellingoftimber; -stofa, f.halloftimber; -stokkr,m. timberstock, beam; -veggr, m. wooden wall. tin, n. tin; -diskr, m. tin plate. tindóttr, a. toothed, spiked. tindr (-s, -ar),m.(1) spike,tooth ofa comb; (2) mountain-peak (fjalli tindr). tingl,n. ornamentalheadpiece (onaship); róa tinglit, ? to wag the head.

tin-knappr, m. tin-knob. tinna, f. flint (taka eld með tinnu).

tin-smiðr, m. tinsmith. titlingr, m. sparrow. titra (að),v. totwinkle,wink (hanntitrar augunum).

titull,m.(1) dot,abbreviation;(2) inscription; (3) event, incident. tíð (pl. -ir),f.(1) time;langa(skamma) t., foralong(short)while;alsoasmasc. inphr.,íþann(or þenna)tíð;(2) hour (á níundut.dags);(3),plur. divineservice, prayers (syngjatíðir);fylgjatíðum,fara (sœkja) til tíða, to attend divine service. tíða (-ddi, -tt),v.impers.,e-ntíðir, to longfor,wish;mikfaratíðir, Ilongtogo; refl., tíðast, to be in use. tíða-bók,f. breviary; -fœrr,a. able tosingprayers; -för,f. church-going; -gørð,f. divineservice; -hald,n. performanceof tíðir; -heyrn,f. thehearingof divineservice; -kaup,n. apriest’ssalary; -lauss,a. without tíðir; -maðr,m. worshipper; -offr,n.=-kaup; -skipan,f. arrangementofdivineservice; -sókn,f.= -för; -veizla, f. = -gørð. tíð-hjalat,pp.n. muchspokenof (hjalatume-t);gerasér-hjalatviðe-n, to converse often with one. tíðinda-lauss,a. voidofnews,without incident (eptirumsumaritvarkyrtok -laust); -pati,m. looserumour; -saga, f. areportoftidings; -spurn,f. hearing ofnews; -sögn,f. report; -vænligr,a., -vænn, a. fraught with great tidings. tíðindi,n.pl. tidings,news,events;þú skalteigikunnafrátíðindumatsegja, thoushallnotbeleftalivetotellthetale; gerast(verða)tiltíðinda, tohappen,occur (verðrekkitiltíðinda);munþettavita tíðinda, thisforebodesgreattidings;er

þetta var tíðinda, when this happened. tíðis,adv.,inthephrase,vita,hvatt. var, to know what was the news. tíðka (að),v. tobewont (hefiekeigi tíðkatattakaviðþessháttarmönnum); refl.,tíðkast, tobeinuse,beinvogue (semnútekrmjökattíðkast);t.e-m, to becomedearto;hanntíðkaðistMaríu, he courted M.

tíðkan,f. eagerness;e-mert.áe-u, one is eager for. tíð-látr,a. eager; -leikr,m.(1) popularity (fá-leikokmetnaðafverkum sínum);(2)pl. friendlyintercourse;veraí -leikumviðkonu, togoacourting; -liga, adv. eagerly,greedily; -ligr,a. temporal, = stundligr.

tíðr (tíð, títt),a.(1) frequent,usual, customary (knattleikarvoruþátíðir);(2) oftenspokenof,noted,famous (aþeim tíðumvarÁ.biskupmjökt.okágætr); t.alþýðu, popular;(3) dear,beloved;í Gymisgörðumekságangamértíðamey, amaidIlove;þásáÖlvirSolveiguok gerðisérumtítt, andcourtedher;Þ.gerði sértíttviðBjörn, Th.courtedB’sfriendship;(4) eager (þeimvartíttheimat fara);núerhonumtítttilsínsmatar, he iseagertogethisfood;hannkvaðsértítt umferðina, hesaidhewaseagertogo;(5) neut,sáþá,hvattíttvar, what hadhappened;(6)títt,asadv. frequently,quickly (konungrhjótíttokhart);semtíðast, at once,withallspeed (þeirreruíbrottsem tíðast);aldritíðara, nevermore (gengek aldri tíðara þess erendis).

tíð-rœkinn, a. often attending service. tíð-rœtt,pp.n.,=-hjalat;þeimvar -rœtt, they talked often together. tíðska,f. custom,fashion (þatert.at binda mönnum helskó).

tíðu-liga, adv. frequently, = tíðum.

tíðum (dat.pl.from‘tíðr’),adv. frequently,often (þeirleggjaspjótumbæði hart ok t.); = títt.

tíðungr, m. a full-grown bull. tíð-virkr,a. eagerforwork,industrious.

tí-faldr, a. tenfold (-föld tala).

tíma (-da, -t),v.(1)onlywithanegative,t.eigi, tobereluctant,grudge (hann tímdieigiatgefamönnumsínummat); (2)e-ntímire-t, itbefallsone;(3)refl., tímast, to happen to one, befall one. tíma-dagr,m. dayofbliss; -hald,n. chronology; -land,n. landofgoodluck; -lauss,a. luckless; -leysi,n. lucklessness; -liga,adv. timely,early; -ligr,a. temporal; -samliga, adv. successfully. tími,m.(1) time;eptirtímaliðinn, after alittletime;íþanntíma, atthattime; fyrstantíma,erekvarhér, thefirsttime thatIwashere;(2) time,fittime (þeim þóttit.tilatgangaáfundkonungs);á hœfiligumtíma, induetime;ítíma, betimes;(3) goodluck,prosperity (gangiþér allt til tírs ok tíma).

tína (-da, -dr),v.(1) topick (hanntíndiuppgullit);(2) tocleanse (t.korn); (3)fig. torecount,narrate (engitungamá t.,hversumikitgottkonungrinnveitti sínummönnum);(4)refl.,tínast, togo one by one (bað jarl sína menn t. undan). tírar-för,f. gloriousjourney; -hönd, f.,inthephrase,taka-hendiáe-m, to treat one with distinction. tírr (gen. tírs and tírar),m. glory, renown (góðs höfum tírar fengit).

tí-rœðr,a.(1) decimal,opp.to‘tólfrœðr’;tvauhundruð-rœð,=200;(2) a hundredyearsold (honumólstsonr,þáer hannvar-rœðr);(3) measuringahundred fathoms (eldhúsit var -rœtt at lengd).

títt, adv., see ‘tíðr’. tíu,card.numb. ten;tíutigir, ahundred.

tíund, f. (1) the tenth part; (2) tithe. tíunda (að),v.(1) topaytithes;(2) to giveatitheof (t.fésitt);(3) tolevyatithe on.

tíunda-mál,n. asuitreferringtotithes. tíundar-fé,n. tithe-money; -gjald,n. paymentofatithe; -gørð,f. tithe-fixing, settingthetithe; -hald,n. holdingback thetithe; -heimta,f. claimingthetithe; -mál,n.=tíunda-mál; -vara,f. tithe goods.

tíundi, ord. numb. the tenth. tívar, m. pl. gods.

tivorr, m. god (poet.).

tizka, f. custom, = tíðska.

tjald,n.(1) tent,onlandoronships, esp.wheninharbour;bregðatjöldum, to takedown(strike)thetents;(2) hangings, tapestry.

tjalda (að),v.(1) topitchatent (þatvar annarrsiðrþeiraatt.aldriáskipum);(2) tohangwithclothortapestry (létÞyrit. höllina grám vaðmálum).

tjald-áss,m. tent-pole; -búð,f. tentbooth,theTabernacle; -dyrr,f.pl. tentdoors; -kúla,f. tent-knob; -lauss,a. tentless, in open air.

tjaldr, m. oyster-catcher (bird).

tjald-skör, f. the edge of a tent. tjalds-nagli,m.(1) tent-peg;(2) peg to which hangings are fastened. tjald-staðr,m. placeforpitchinga tent; -steinn,m. arocklookinglikea tent; -stokkr,m. tent-block; -stuðill, m., -stöng, f. tent-pole. tjalds-trönur, f. pl. tent-frame. tjald-viðir,m.pl. woodenframeofa

tent or tabernacle. tjara, f. tar (svartr sem t.).

tjarga (að), v. to tar. tjasna, f., a kind of peg. tjá (té, téða, téðr;later tjái, tjáða, tjáðr),v.(1) toshow,exhibit;erhonum ertéðsverð, whentheswordisshownhim; t.e-tfyrire-m, toshowittoone;(2) to tell,report,relate (þáhluti,erþar gørðust,téðaekþérífyrrabréfi);Gunnarrtjáði,hversuvelþeimhafðifarit, G. toldhowwelltheyhadbehaved;also,t. e-tfyrire-m(hanntjáðifyrirkonusinni,atHrafnværiúskapgæfr);(3) toshow, grant;t.e-mgóðvilja, toshowoneakindness;(4)withgen.,t.eigitanna, ‘notto showtheteeth’,totakenofood (viðþessi tíðindiúgladdistmjökG.konungr,sváat hanntjáðieigitanna);(5) tobeofuse, boot,avail,=tjóa,týja,tœja(Þórirsá,at þámundiekkit.atleyna);(6)asanauxil.verb;sóltérsortna, thesungrowsdark. tjóa (að), v. to avail, = tjá 5.

tjóðr, n. tether (hestr í tjóðri).

tjóðra (að), v. to tether. tjón,n.andf. damage,loss (gerae-m t.).

tjónaðr,m. help,assistance (meðtjónaði liðsmanna hans).

tjón-samr, a. losing heavily.

tjúga, f. pitch-fork. tjúgari, m. poet. destroyer (tungls t.). tjúgu-skegg,n. fork-beard,anickname (of King Sveinn of Denmark).

tjörgaðr, pp. tarred. tjörn (gen. tjarnar,pl. tjarnir),f. (1) tarn,smalllake;(2) pool (hannkenndi, at t. var á gólfinu).

tjöru-pinnr, m. tar-pin. toddi, m. bit, piece, slice. tog,n. rope,line,cord;hafa(leiða)hest

í

togi, to have a led-horse. toga (að),v.(1) todraw,pull,stretch (síðantogarhannáhonumtunguna);t. afe-m, todrawtheshoesandstockings offaperson;farasemfœtrtoga, torun ashardasonecango;(2)refl.,togast órhöndume-m, tobedrawnoutofone’s hands;t.viðfast, topullhard;tviðaldr, topullagainstoldage,growold (ekki muntu við aldr togast). togan, f. drawing, pulling. tog-drapa,f. a drápa composedina special metre called’ toglag’. toginn, pp. drawn (enn logni hjörr).

tog-löð, f. a body of twelve. togna (að),v. tobestretched;dagrtekr at t., the day begins to lengthen. tolla, v. to cleave to, hang fast. tolla (að), v. to toll, take toll. tollr (-s, -ar),m. toll,duty,tax (ÍslendingarskuluengitollgjaldaíNoregi nema landaura).

toppr,(1) tuft,lockofhair,forelock;(2) top; t siglu, mast-top, mast-head. topt or tupt,f.(1) ‘toft’,homestead; Skaðibyggvirfornartoptirföður, S. dwellsinherfather’soldhome;(2) aplace markedoutforahouseorbuilding (skyldi þarverakaupstaðr;hanngafmönnum toptirtilatgerasérþarhús);(3) themere wallsorfoundationsofa(former)building (út með firðinum eru víða toptir).

tor-,aninseparableadverbialprefixin compels.,opp.to‘auð-’; -breytiligr,a. verydifficult; -breyttr,a.=-breytiligr (-breytirvegr); -bœnn,a. hardtomove byprayer; -bœttr,pp. hardtomakegood again.

tord-ýfill, m. dung-beetle. torf,n.(1) turf,sod (höfðuDanirgert borgarveggafgrjóti,torfiokviðum);(2)

turf for fuel, peat; grafa t., to dig peat. torfa, f. turf, slice of sod. torf-báss,m. ashedtokeeppeat; -bingr, m. a pile of turfs or peat. tor-fenginn, -fengr,a. hardtoget; -fluttr, pp. difficult to carry. torf-fœri,n.pl. toolsforcuttingsods andpeat; -gröf,f. peat-hole; -hraukr, m. peat-stack; -hrip,n. turf-pannier, peat-basket; -kast,n. peltingwithsods; -krókr,m.akindof boxtocarrypeat andsods; -leikr,m. ‘turf-game’,pelting withsods; -mór,m. turf-moor; -naust, n. aship-shedbuiltofturf; -skeri,m. animplementforcuttingsodsorpeats; -skurðr,m. cuttingturforpeat; -stakkr, m. peat-stack. torf-viðr, m. = tyrvi, tyr-viðr. tor-fyndr,a. difficulttofind; -fœra, f., -fœri,n. adifficult,dangerouspassage; -fœriligr, -fœrr, a. hard to pass. torf-øx, f. axe for cutting turf. torg,n. market,mart,market-place (hann var úti staddr á torgi).

tor-gætr,a. hardtoget,rare; -kenna (-da, -dr),v. todisguise; -kenndr,pp. hardtorecognize; -kenning,f. disguise; -leiði,n.=-fœra; -merki,n. difficulties; telja-merkiáe-u, toraisedifficulties about; -mœði,f. rancour; -næmr,a. hard to learn.

torrek, n. (severe) loss. tor-reyfiligr,a. difficult; -ræki,n. misfortune; -sóttligr,a., -sóttr,pp. hardtoovercome,ortocomeat;ofthings, hardtoperform; -sveigðr,pp., -sveigr, a. hardtoswayorbend; -sýnn,a. hardto see; -sœkiligr,a.=-sóttligr; -sær,a.= -sýnn; -talinn,pp. hardtocount; -tíma (-da, -t),v. todestroy,kill (honummáttihvorki-límagálginévirgill); -trygð,

f. doubt,suspicion,incredulity;hafa-trygð áe-m, tosuspect; -trygginga,adv. suspiciously; -tryggiligr,a. doubtful,suspicious; -tryggja (-ða, -ðr),v. tomistrust,suspect; -tryggleikr,m. distrust; -tryggligr,a.=-tryggiligr; -tryggr,a. doubtful,incredulous (hannersvá-tryggr, at hann trúir engum manni).

toru-gætr, a., older form = torgætr. tor-unninn,pp. hardtoovercome; -velda (-lda, -ldr),v. tomakedifficult (-vekla e-t fyrir sér).

torvelda-laust,adv. withoutdifficulties (komast -laust yfir ána).

tor-veldi,n.andf. difficulty; -veldligr, -veldr,a. hard,difficult (þóttihonum-veltatréttaþeirahlut); -virðr,a. difficulttoestimate; -þeystr,pp. hardto stir; -þreytiligr,a. difficulttoperform; -æri, n. bad season, famine, = hallæri.

toskr, m. tusk, in ‘Rata-toskr’. tó,f. grassyspotamongcliffs (gammrinnsettistítóeina,ervaríbjörgunum).

tó,n. wool;vinnató, tocardordress wool (konur unnu tó á daginn).

tól,n.pl. tools (gerðuþeirhamarok töng ok steðja ok þaðan af öll tól önnur).

tóla-kista, f. tool-chest. tólf, card. numb. twelve. tólf-eyringr,m. atwelve-ouncering; -feðmingr,m. aspacetwelve-fathom square; -greindr,pp. dividedinto twelve; -menningr,m. acompanyof twelve,atabanquet; -rœðr,a. consisting oftwelvetens;-rœtthundrað, aduodecimal hundred, 120. tolftar-kviðr, m. = tylftar-kviðr. tólfti, ord. numb. the twelfth. tólftungr, m. the twelfth part. tólf-vetr,a. twelveyearsold; -æringr,m. atwelve-oaredboat; -ærr,

a. twelve-oared.

tóm,n. leisure;Aronkvaðnúeigit.at því, A.saidtherewasnotime(leisure)for that;ítómi, atleisure;leikaítómivið, to allowoneselftime,takeone’stime (hannsá hvertráð,erbeztgegndi,efhannlékítómivið);ígóðu,œrnutómi, atgood,ample leisure; af tómi, by and by.

tóm-latr,a. slow,leisurely (eigivoru þérnú-látir,Íslendingar); -liga,adv. slowly,leisurely; -læti,n. slowness, leisureliness(þeirsögðuÞorleifmjökíslenzkan fyrir -læti sitt). tómr,a.(1) empty;meðtværhendrtómar, empty-handed;(2) vain,mere,idle (verakannatþettaséeigitómorð,erþú talar nú).

tóm-stund,f. leisure-hour,leisure (gefiðmér-stundtilráða-gerðar);ljáe-m -stundar, to give one time. tóna (að), v. to set in tunes. tóni, tónn, m. musical sound, tone. tóra (-ða, -t),v. tovegetate,havea mere existence (látið þá t. at eins).

traðar-veggr, m. wall of á tröð. traðk, n., traðkr, m. a trodden spot. traf,n.,onlyinpl.‘tröf’, fringe;hón hafðiknýttumsikblæjuokvóruímörk bláoktröffyrirenda, akerchiefwithblue marks or stripes and fringes at the ends. trafiðr, pp. tattered, ragged. traktera (að),v.(1) totreat;(2) toentertain (t. e-n vel ok herliga). tramar, m. pl. fiends, demons. trana, f., trani, m. crane (bird). trapiza, f. table (t. stóð á gólfi). trauð,f.,inthephrase,viðt.oknauð, with great difficulty.

trauða (að), v. to fail, be wanting. trauð-la, -liga,adv. scarcely,hardly; -mal, n. hard-words.

trauðr,a. unwilling,loath,reluctant (t. munekafhendiatlátasveitþessa); neut.,trautt, scarcely,=trauðla(tilþess munu menn trautt vita dœmi).

traust,n.(1) help,protection,support (hingatemekkominnatsœkjaheilræði atþérokt.);ekhefilítilt.undirmér, smallpower,authority;(2) firmness,confidence (vérmegummeðminnatraustium tala);hafa(bera)t.tile-s, todare,venture (veitekeigivánþeiramanna,ert.muni hafa at brjóta orð konungs).

traust-lauss,a. withoutprotection; helpless; -leiki,m. strength,firmness; -liga,adv. firmly,confidently; -ligr,a. safe, to be relied on. traustr,a.(1) trusty,firm,strong (Æsirnirkvoðu‘silkibandit’veranökkurutraustaraenlíkindiþœttiá);(2)fig., eigivartraust,ateigifykisteinará skipin, itwasnotfreefromit;(3) confident. tré (pl. tré,gen. trjá,dat. trjám), n.(1) tree (höggvat.ískógi);eigifelir t.viðitfyrstahögg, thetreefallsnotat thefirststroke;(2) themastofaship,= siglutré(áskipiMunansbrotnaðitréit); (3) tree,rafter,beam,cf.‘þver-tré’;(4) the seat of a privy. tré-borg,f. woodenfort; -brú,f. wooden bridge. treðja (treð, tradda, traddr),v. to tread down, trample. tre-drumbr, m. log (of wood). trefill, m. tatter, rag. treflugr, a. tattered, ragged. tré-fótr,m. woodenleg (gangavið -fót); also as a nickname. trefr, f. pl. fringes, = tröf. trega (pres. tregr,pret. tregði),irreg.v. togrieve;fjölderþat,erfiratregr,

manyarethewoesofman;hvítregr-at ykkrteitiatmæla, howcanyebearto speak words of cheer?

trega (að),v. togrieve (margamenn tregaðimjökandlátporláksbiskups); to bringgriefupon (munaðar-ríkihefirmargan tregat).

trega-fullr, -samligr, a. mournful. tregða,f. reluctance,unwillingness; hafatregðuríatgerae-t, tobeunwilling to do a thing. tregðu-laust,adv. withoutcavil,willingly.

tregi,m.(1) difficulty,reluctance;hafa engatregaímálumþessum, toraiseno difficultiesinthesesuits;(2) grief,woe (meðtárumoktrega);sváfellrmérþetta nærumtrega,at, thisgrievesmesomuch that.

treg-liga,adv.(1) withdifficulty;(2) reluctantly,unwillingly (Brúsigekk-liga atöllusáttmáli);(3) moodily (gekkhón -ligaátáisitja); -ligr,a. slow,reluctant (Þ.varheldr-ligrífyrstu);it-ligasta, with the greatest difficulty. tregr,a. unwilling,reluctant (Hrafn varinntregastiatbregðaflokkinum); tardy,slow (t.tilsætta);neut.,tregt= tregliga;munhonumþattregtveita, it will go hard with him. treg-róf, n. tale of woe. tré-guð,n. woodenidol; -hafr,m. wood-buck; -hús,n. woodenhouse; -hválf,n. woodenvault; -höll,f. woodenhall; -kastali,m.=-borg; -kefli, n. woodenstick; -ker,n. woodenvessel; -kirkja,f. woodenchurch; -kumbr,m. log; -kylfa,f. woodenclub; -köttr,m. mouse-trap; -lauss,a. treeless; -ligr,a. wooden,ofwood; -lurkr,m. woodencudgel; -maðr, m. wooden man.

tréna (að),v. tobecomehardand woody, of a tree or plant-stem. tré-níð,n. thecarvingonapostofa person’slikeness inanobsceneposture; -reiði,m. woodenequipments (masts, oars,etc.); -ræfr,n. woodenrooforshed; -saumr,m. woodennails (skipseymt -saumi).

tresk, n. hair, tresses (poet.). tré-skrín,n. woodenshrine; -smiðr, m. craftsmaninwood,carpenter; -smíði, n. wood-work,carpentry; -spánn,m. chip; -stabbi, -stobbi,m. logofwood, tree-stump; -stokkr,m. blockofwood; -stólpi,m. woodenpillar; -stubbi,= -stobbi; -toppr,m. topofatree; -virki, n. woodwork (brann allt -virkit).

treyja,f.(1) jerkin (faraítreyju);(2) war-jacket (hannhafðigóðabrynjuok styrkja treyju).

treyju-blað, n. flap of a jacket. treysta (-sta, -str),v.(1) tomake trusty,makestrongandsafe (Höskuldr treystimundriðaískildi);(2) tomake firm (t.vináttue-s);t.herinnokeggja, encourageandexhortthetroops;(3) totry thestrengthofathingwiththehand (hann treysti‘silkibandit’meðhanda-afliok slitnaðieigi);(4) totrustto,relyon (t.em or t.áe-n);(5) todare,venture (núer súöldíNoregi,atektreystieigiathaldaykkrhérheimameðmér);(6)refl., treystast=treysta4(treystustNumidiumennbetrfótumenvápnum);=treysta 5(hannmuneigit.öðruengørasemek vil).

tré-þak,n. timberroof; -ör,f. wooden arrow. tripla (að),v. tochantinthreevoices (hvárki t. eða tvísyngja).

trippi, n. a young colt (ótamit t.).

trjóna T trú-fastliga

trjóna, f. (1) snout; (2) pole.

troða (treð; trað, tráðum; troðinn),v.(1) totread;t.skó, towear outshoes;t.e-nundirfótum, totreadone underfoot;t.stafkarlsstíg, towanderas abeggar;(2) tocram,pack,stuff (intoa receptacle),withdat.(þérvaríhanzka troðit);(3) toslop,cramwith,t.e-te-u (hanntreðrbelginnlyngviokmosa);(4) refl.,troðast, tothrong,crowduponeach other (troðist eigi svá ákaft).

trog, n. trough (t. fyllt af slátri).

trog-söðull,m. trough-shapedsaddle (hann hafði fornan -söðul).

troll,n.(1) amonstrous,evil-disposed being,notbelongingtothehumanrace (hannvarmikillsemt.);t.hafiþik, or þínavini, thetrollstakethee,orthyfriends; (2) ahumanbeinghavingthenatureofa troll.

trolla-gangr,m. troll-hauntings; -þáttr,m. ataleoftrolls; -þing,n. meeting of trolls.

troll-aukinn,pp. ‘troll-eked’,possessedbyatroll; -domligr,a. belonging towitchcraft; -dómr,m. witchcraft; -karl,m. maletroll; -kerling, -kona, f. femaletroll; -menni,n. agiant-like man; -riða,a.indecl. riddenbyatroll, witch-ridden; -skapr,m. natureofatroll, witchcraft (tálma heiðingjans -skap).

trolls-liga,adv. fiendishly; -ligr,a. troll-like,huge; -læti,n.pl. fiendish howlings (þetta eru -læti).

tros, n. leaves and small twigs. tróð, n., tróða, f. faggot-wood. tróð-viðr,m.=tróð(eldrinnlas skjótt -viðinn).

trumba (að), v. to trumpet. trumbari, m. trumpeter. trumbu-hljóð,n., -þytr,m. sound (flourish) of trumpets. trunsa (að),v. toturnupone’snose at (t. víð e-u).

trutta (að),v. toshout trutt,trutt! or trrrh, as horse-drivers do. trú (gen. trúar),f.(1) faith,wordof honour (segirÓlafrþatuppát.sína,at hannskalþessamennútleysa);(2) religiousfaith,belief (Helgivarblandinn mjökít.);takaviðt., toreceivetheChristian faith. trúa (gen. trú),f.=trú;svánjótaek trúminnar,þatveittrúamín, ingood sooth, upon my word. trúa (trúi, trúða, trúat),v.(1) to believe,withdat.(mundirþút.fyrirburð þessum,efNjállsegðiþér?);(2)inareligioussense, tobelieve;t.áe-n, tobelieve in (t.áeinnguð);(3) tobelievein,trust (meyjar orðum skýli manngi t.).

trúaðr,pp. believing;réttt., orthodox; trúaðir menn, believers. trúan-liga,adv. credibly; -ligr,a. credible (þótti mönnum sú sögn -lig). trúari, m. believer. trú-boð,n. preachingthegospel; -bót, f. reformationinfaith; -brögð,n.pl. religion. trúðr (pl. -ar), m. juggler. trú-fastliga,adv. faithfully; -fastr, a.(1) trusty;(2) firmintheChristianfaith; -festi,f. faithfulness,firmnessinfaith; -fylgja,f., -hald,n. observanceofthe faith; -kona,f. areligious,devoted woman; -lauss,a.(1) withoutreligious faith;(2) infidel; -leikr,m. faithfulness,

tróju-land, n. the land of Troy. tró-verskr, a. Trojan. trumba,f.(1) pipe;hvann-njólat., the stalkoftheangelica;(2) trumpet (þeyta trumbu).

fidelity; -leysi,n. infidelity; -liga,adv. faithfully; -ligleikr,m.=-leikr; -ligr, a.(1) faithful (-liggeymsla);(2) safe,tobe reliedon;veðrer-ligt, the-weatherbids fair;(3) credible; -lítill,a. weakinfaith; -lofa (að),v.(1) topledgeone’sfaith; (2) tobetroth (-lofasérkonu); -lofan,f. (1) pledgingone’sfaith;(2) betrothment,of lovers; -lyndi,n. faithfulness; -lyndr,a. faithful,true,trusty; -maðr,m. atruebeliever,goodChristian; -mikill,a. strong in faith, believing. trúnaðar-eiðr,m. oathofallegiance; -fúlir,a. faithful,trusty; -hylli,f. allegiance; -kona,f. confidante; -maðr,m. confidant; -mál,n. confidence; -rœður, f.pl. confidentialtalk; -tómr,a. voidof faith; -traust,n. protection,security; -vin, m. confidential friend. trúnaðr (gen. -ar),m.(1) trust,good faith (varþettasáttmáíbunditmeðfullumtrúnaði);gangaítrúnaðfyrire-n, to becomeboundforanother,gosecurityfor one;(2) faithfulness (haldamanekviðþik fullumtrúnaði);(3) trust,confidence;festa,leggjatrúnaðáe-t, togivecredenceto; eigatrúnaðundire-m, tohaveconfidence (faith)inone;hafatrúnaðáe-m, toplace confidenceinone;(4) confidence,secret; tilhversreiðtþútilþings,efþúvilleigi segjamértrúnaðþinn, ifthouwiltnottell methysecret;segjae-me-taftrúnaði, in confidence,secretly;mælatrúnaðfyrirem, to speak in confidence to one. trúr (trú, trútt),a.(1) true,faithful (t.skalekþéríráðum);(2) safe;ereigi trútt,at, itisnotquitesafethat,quitefree fromit (ereigitrútt,atmérhafieigií skaprunnitsonar-dauð-inn);(3) believing (t. á guð).

trú-rof,n. breachoffaith; -rofi,m.

breakerofone’sfaith; -rœkinn,a. religious; -skapr,m. faithfulness; -skjöldr, m. shield of faith; -svikari, m. traitor. trygða-eiðr,m. oathoffidelity; -mál, n.pl. formulaformakingatruce; -rof,n. breach of truce. trygðarofs-maðr, m. truce-breaker. trygðir,f.pl. plightedfaith,sworn truce (svíkja e-n í trygðum).

tryggi-ligr, a. safe, to be relied on. trygging, f. security, assurance. tryggja or tryggva (-ða, -ðr),v. to makefirmandtrusty (trygðuþeirÞórirþá sættir með sér).

trygg-leikr,m.=trúleikr; -liga,adv. safe; -ligr, a. = tryggiligr.

tryggr (acc. -van and -an),a.(1) trusty,faithful,true (t.ítrúnaði);(2) withoutapprehension,safe (jötnumþóttieigi tryggt at vera með Ásum griðalaust).

trygill, m. a little trough. trylla (-da, -dr),v.(1) toturninto troll,enchant (þeirtryllduhannsváat hannvarengummennskummannilíkr); (2) tocalloneatroll;(3)refl.,tryllast, to be turned into a troll, to be enchanted. trýni, n. snout (of a dog or bear).

trýta (-tta, -tt), v. to trot about. tröð (gen. traðar,pl. traðir),f.(1) cattlefold,pen;(2) alanebetweenfences, leading up to a homestead.

tröf, n. pl. fringes, see ‘traf’. tugla-,gen.pl.from‘tygill’; -möttull, -akinnfeldr,m. acloakfilled with straps. tugr,m.=tigr;hafðihannþrjávetr hinsfjórðatugar, hewasthirty-threeyears old.

tug-tugti,ord.numb. twentieth,= tuttugti (við tugtugta mann).

tumba (að), v. to tumble.

tundr, n. tinder (þurrt t.).

tundra (að),v. tocatchfire (eldrinn tundraði skjótt).

tundr-ör, f. tinder-arrow.

tunga (gen.pl. tungna),f.(1) tongue; skœðartungur, eviltongues;hafatungu fyrire-m, tohaveatongueforaperson, bethespokesman;gætihann,aðhonum vefisteigitunganumhöfuð, lethimtake heedthathistonguedonottwistanoose forhisownneck;(2) tongue,language (þá skiptusttunguríEnglandi,erVilhjálmr bastarðrvannEngland);dönskt., the Danish(Norse)tongue;(3) tongueofland (Ö.namtunguallamilliHvítarokReykjadalsár).

tungl, n. the moon (t. óð í skýjum).

tungl-ár,n. lunaryear; -fylling, -fyllr,f. lunation; -koma,f. newmoon; -skin, n. moonshine. tungls-ljós, n. moonlight. tungl-tal,n. lunarcomputation; -œrr, a. lunatic; -öld, f. lunar cycle. tungna-skipti,n. theconfusionof tongues (at Babel).

tungu-bragð,n. (motionofthe) tongue,language (mjúkt-bragð); -fimi, f. fluencyoftongue; -fimr,a. glib,voluble; -hvass,a. keen-tongued; -lauss,a. tongueless; -mjúkr,a. smooth-tongued; -rœtr,f.pl. theroots ofthetongue; -skorinn,pp. tongue-cut; -skœði,n. eviluseofthetongue; -skœðr,a. eviltongued; -snjallr,a. eloquent; -varp,n. motion of the tongue. tunna, f. tun, barrel. turn (pl. -ar), m. tower. turna (að),v. toturn;t.e-uum, toturn upside down. turnera (að), v. to ride a tourney. turniment, n. tilt, tournament.

turn-reið, f. = turniment. turturi, m. turtle-dove. tuskast (að), v. refl. to scuffle, tussle. tutla (að), v. to push, shove. tuttr, m. tom-thumb. tuttugasti, tuttugti,ord.numb. the twentieth (á tuttugta ári).

tuttugu, card. numb. twenty. túlka (að),v. tointerpret;t.mále-s, to pleadone’scase,bethespokesman;t.fyrir e-m, tobeone’sinterpreter (munekfylgjaþértilstaðarinsokt.fyrirþér);t.illafyrire-m, togiveoneabadreport,bear one bad witness. túlkan, f. pleading. túlkari, m. interpreter. túlkr (-s, -ar),m.(1) interpreter (t. konungs); (2) spokesman. tún,n.(1) ahedgedplot,enclosure, court-yard,homestead;gullugæssítúni, thegeesescreamedintheyard;(2) home field,homemeadow (bleikirakrar,enslegin tún); (3) town. tún-annir,f.pl. haymakinginthe homemeadow; -brekka,f. thebrinkor edgeofahomemeadow; -garðr,m.(1) fenceofa tún2;(2)=tún1; -göltr, m. home-fieldboar; -hlið,n. court-gate; -riða,f. witch,ghost; -svín,n.=-göltr; -völlr,m. homefield (Björnvarútiá -velli).

tve-falda, -faldr,see‘tví-falda,-faldr’.

tveir (tvær, tvau),card.numb. two; höggvatveimhöndum, withbothhands; höggvaítvau, intwo,asunder;tveimrer tveggjahugr, twomentwominds;tveim megin Slésvíkr, on both sides of Slesvik. tvenning,f. duality;ítvenningu, in twoparts (fórflokkrinnoptligaítvenningu).

tvennr,a. consistingoftwodifferent thingsorkinds,twofold (tvennfrásögn); ítvennulagi, intwoparts;tvennir, two (áskóginumvorutvennarleiðir);núferr tvennumsögunumfram, twotalesnow runparallel;tvennirskór, twopairof shoes;neut.tvennt, twothings(sides, parts);hefirmértvenntumsýnzt, there has seemed to be two sides to the matter.

tve-vetr, a. two years old. tvinna (að), v. to double. tvinna-hnoða,n. aballoftwisted thread; -þráðr, m. twisted thread.

tvinnr, a. = tvennr.

tvistr,a. hushed,silent (varþarallt tvist ok daprt).

tvistra or tvístra (að), v. to scatter. tvisvar or tysvar, adv. twice. tví, interj. to express loathing, fie!

tví-, twice,double,inmanycompds.; -angaðr,a. double-forked; -aukinn,pp. twofold; -breiðr,a. ofdoublebreadth,of cloth; -burar,m.pl. twins; -burur,f. pl. twin-sisters; -býli,n. twohouseholds ononefarm,afarmwithtwohouseholds; -drœgr,a. ambiguous; -dyrðr, -dyrr, a. double-doored; -eggjaðr,a. twoedged; -elleftr,a. twiceeleven,inthe phrase,vera-elleftr, tobetwenty-two yearsold; -eln,a. twoellsbroad; -eyringr,m. athingworthorweighing twoounces; -falda (að),v. todouble; -faldleikr,m. twofoldness; -faldr,a. twofold,double; -fóðraðr,pp. doublelined; -fœttr,a. two-footed; -gjald,n. doublepayment; -görr,a. double; -henda (-nda, -ndr),v. tohurlorwield (a weapon) withbothhands (hljópSótienn uppok-hendiøxina); -hljóðr,m. diphthong; -hólkaðr,pp. mountedwitha doublering; -húsaðr,pp. double-housed; -hætta, f.dilemma;leggjaá-hættu, to runarisk; -höfðaðr,pp. two-headed; -kendr,pp. ofdoublemeaning; -klifa (að),v. torepeattwice; -kostr,m. choice betweentwo,alternative; -kvángaðr,pp. twicemarried; -kveða (see kveða),v. to repeat; -kvenni,n.=-kvæni; -kvíslaðr,pp. two-pronged; -kvæni,n. bigamy; -kvæntr,pp. havingtwowives atonce,bigamous; -lemdr,pp. withtwo lambs; -litaðr,pp. parti-coloured; -loðinn,a. double-hairy,hairyonboth sides; -mánaðr,m. ‘double-month’,the fifthmonthofthesummer; -menna (-ta, -t),v. toridetwoononehorse (síðarrvarhestinum-mennt); -menning,f. ridingtwoononehorse; -menningr,m. drinkingtogetherinpairs,two andtwo (drekka-menningáe-n,viðen); -merkingr,m. aringofthevalueor weightoftwomarks; -mæli,n. doubt,discordantreport; -mælingr,m. twomealsa day.

tvímælis-lauss, a. undisputed. tví-mælt,adv. twomealsaday (eta -mælt); -oddaðr,pp. two-pointed; -ræði, n. ambiguity. tvíræðis-orð, n. ambiguous word. tví-ræðr,a. ambiguous,doubtful; -settr,pp. double; -skálmóttr,a. twopronged; -skipaðr,pp. double-seated,in tworanks; -skipta (-pta, -ptr),v. todivideintotwoparts;refl.,-skiptast, towaver; -skipti,n. divisionintotwoparts; -skiptingr,m. changeling,idiot; -skiptr,pp.(1) dividedinfotwoparts;(2) uncertain;(3) oftwocolours;(4) double (skiptbrynja); -slœgr,a. ambiguous (slœgrdraumr); -syngja (see syngja),v. tochantdouble,oftwo-voicedmusic; -sýni,n. uncertainty,doubt; -sýnn,a.

doubtful,uncertain; -taka (see taka),v. torepeat; -tala,f.(1) thedualnumber; (2) thedoublenumber; -tján,card. numb. twenty; -tjándi,ord.numb. the twentieth; -tugr,a.(1) agedtwenty;(2) measuring twenty (fathoms, ells).

tvítugs-aldr, m. the age of twenty. tvítug-sessa, f. twenty-oared ship. tví-tugti,ord.numb. thetwentieth; -tyngdr,pp. double-tongued; -vegis, adv. to and fro (fara -vegis).

tvæ-vetr, a. two winters old. tyggja (tygg; tögg, tuggum; tugginn),v. tochew (tyggrþúnökkut?ek tygg söl).

tygi, n. gear, harness. tygil-knífr,m. aknifewornhanging on a strap. tygill (gen.pl. tugla),m. strap,band (á tuglunum taflpungsins).

tygja (að), v. to harness. tykta (að), v. to chastise. tyktan, f. chastisement. tylft (pl. -ir),f. abody(number)of twelve, dozen. tylftar-eiðr,m. anoathoftwelve; -kviðr,m. averdictoftwelveneighbours; -kvöð,f. summoningoftwelveneighbours. tyllast (t), v. to go with light step. tylli-sætt,f. aloose,unrealagreement; -sök, f. a light, futile charge. typpa (-ta, -tr),v. totip,top;hagliga umhöfuðtyppum, letuswindthehood neatly about his head. typta (að), v. = tykta. typtu-meistari, m. chastener, tutor. tyrfa (-ða, -ðr), v. to cover with turf. tyri, n. resinous fir-tree. tyrkir (gen. tyrkja),m.pl.(1) the Turks; (2) the Trojans. tyrk-land, n. the land of the Turks.

tyrkneskr, a. Turkish. tyrvi,n., tyr-viðr,m., tyrvi-tré,n. = tyri (lokarspænir af -tré).

tysvar, adv. twice, = tvisvar. týja, f. poet. doubt. týja (týr, týði, týt),v. toavail,=tœja(hvatmanmértýja, etc.?);þattýðiekki, it was of no avail. týna (-da, -dr),v.(1) tolose,withdat. (þeirtýnduhestunum);t.lífisínu, tolose one’slife;(2) todestroy,puttodeath (t. sveininum);t.sjálfumsér, todestroyoneself;(3)refl.,týnast, toperish (Hákonjarl týndist í hafi).

týning, f. destruction. týni-samligr, a. destructive. týr (gen. týs), m. the god Týr. týs-dagr, m. Tuesday. tæla (-da, -dr), v. to entice, entrap. tæli-gröf, f. pitfall, = tálgröf.

tæpi-djarfr,a. timid; -liga,adv. sparingly,scantily (launae-t-liga); -ligr,a. scant, scarce.

tæpt,a.neut. scantly,barely;spjótin tókutæpttilhans, thespearsscarcely reachedhim;Kálfrgekkþáheldrtæpara, stepped more cautiously.

tæra (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) toconsume, spend (t.penninga);(2) toentertain,with dat.(konungrtærðihonumvelok sœmiliga).

tœja (tœ, tœða, tœðr),v.(1) togrant, bestow (t.e-me-t);(2) tohelp,assist (t.em);(3) toavail,=týja(hvárkitœðibœn manna né féboð).

tœki, n. pl. implements, outfit. tœki-ligr,a. due,proper (á-ligumtíma, á -ligri tíð).

tœkr, a. fair, acceptable (tæk vitni).

tœla (-dá, -t),v.;t.ume-n, tokeepa person under control.

tœma (-da, -dr),v.(1) toempty;(2)t. siktile-s, togiveone’sleisure (tóm) to, attendto (t.siktilatheyraguðsorð); (3)refl.,e-mtœmistarfr, aninheritance fallsvacanttoone (honumtœmdistarfrí Vatnsdal).

tœnaðar-maðr, m. helper. tœnaðr (gen. -ar),m. help,assistance (biðja e-n tœnaðar).

töðu-,gen.from‘taða’; -alinn,pp. fed oninfieldhay,ofahorse; -annir,f.pl. theseasonformowingtheinfield(manured field); -garðr,m. stackyardofinfield hay; -göltr,m. homeboar,=túngöltr; -verk,n. themakingofhayintheinfield; -völlr, m. a manured infield.

töfl, f. piece in a game.

tögla (að), v. to champ, gnaw. tøgr, m. ten, = tigr.

tök-vísi,f. rapacity; -víss,a. rapacious (-vísar hendr).

tölugr, a. well-spoken. tölu-,gen.from‘tala’; -list,f. arith-

metic; -pallr,m. speaker’sstand,platform; -snjallr,a. eloquent; -staðr, -stóll,m.=-pallr; -verðr,a. worth counting, considerable. töl-vísi,f. skillinnumbers,arithmetic; -víss, a. skilled in arithmetic. töng (gen. tangar,pl. tangir and tengr),f. smith’stongs (takae-t,náe-u, með töng).

tönn (gen. tannar,pl. tonn, tennr, teðr),f.(1) tooth;glottaumt., ör viðt., togrinscornfully;rjóðat.áe-m, toredden one’steethonaperson,todooneharm;(2) walrus-tusk; grafa t., to carve a tusk. töpun, f. perdition, = tapan. törgu-,gen.from‘targa’; -buklari, skjöldr, m. target-shield. tötra-baggi,m. rag-bag; -bassi,m. ragamuffin. tötrugr, a. tattered, torn. töturr (pl. tötrar),m. tatters,rags; tattered garment.

Uugga (-ða, -at),v.(1) tofear,suspect (eigiuggiekbrœðrþína);eigiuggi(imperat.)þúÍsungsbana, fearthounotthe slayerofÍ.;u.ekki(lítt,fátt)atsér, toapprehendnodanger,beoffone’sguard;er þatugganda,at, itistobefearedthat;(2) impers., mik uggir, at, I fear that. ugg-lauss,a. fearless,unconcerned; -laust,adv. nodoubt,undoubtedly; -ligr,a.(1) tobefeared (e-tþykkir-ligt); (2) doutbtful,questionable (erþat-ligt, hvárt þú ferr í lofi mínu).

uggr,m. fear,apprehension;u.ermér á, at = mik uggir, at. ugg-samligr,a. tobefeared; -viss,a. doubtful, = uggligr (2).

ugla,f. owl (uglurgularalklómoknefi, en svartar at lit).

ull (dat. ullu), f. wool. ullar-lagðr,m. tuftofwool;-reyfi,n. fleece (snjór sem -reyfi væri).

ull-band,n. woollenyarn; -hvítr,a. whiteaswool (-hvítráhár); -kambr,m. wool-comb; -klæði,n.pl. clothesofwool; -laupr, m. wool-basket. um,older umb,prep.withacc.and dat.;I.withacc.(1) around (sláhringum e-n);(2) about,allover (háritféllumhana alla);umallarsveitir, alloverthecountry; mikillumherðar, largeabouttheshoulders,broad-shouldered;liggjaumakkeri, torideatanchor;(3)ofproportion;margirvoruumeinn, manyagainstone;um

einnhestvorutveirmenn, twomento eachhorse;(4) round,past,beyond,with verbsdenotingmotion(siglavestrum Bretland);leggjaumskutþessuskipi, to passbythisship;ríðaumtún, topassby aplace;(5) over,across,along (flytjaenumhaf);kominnumlanganveg, come fromalongwayoff;gangaumgólf, to crossthefloor (butalso towalkupand downthefloor);slá,erláumþvertskipit, abeamthatlayathwarttheship;umkné sér, acrosstheknee;e-terhœgtumhönd, giveslittletrouble,isreadytohand;(6)of time, during,inthecourseof (ummessuna,umþingit,umsumarit);þatvarum nótt, bynight;umnætrsemumdaga, by nightaswellasday;lengraenfaramegiumdag, inthecourseofoneday;(7) at apointoftime(hannkomathöllinni umdrykkju);umþat, at thattime,then; umþater, when (umþat,ervérerum alliratvellilagðir);(8) of,about,inregard toathing;beraume-t,dœmaume-t, tobearwitness,judgeabout;talaumet, tospeakof;annastume-t, toattend to;sviðrumsik, wiseofoneself;hvárr umsik, eachforhimself;varmartvelum hann, hehadmanygoodqualities;(9)emerekkiume-t, onedoesnotlike (var honumekkiumNorðmenn);withinfin., honumerekkiumatberjastídag, he hasnolikingtofightto-day;erþérnökkut um,atvérrannsökumþikokhúsþín, haveyouanyobjectionthatwe…?;e-mer mikit(lítil)ume-t, onelikesitmuch,little (Guðrúnuvarlítilumþat);sá,ermönnumværimeiraum, whompeopleliked better;e-mfinnstmikitume-t, oneis muchpleased-with,hasahighopinionof (konungifannstmikitumlistþáok kurteisiþá,erþarvaráöllu);(10) because

of,for;öfundae-nume-t, toenvyonefor athing;verðaútlagtume-t, tobefined foratransgression;umsakleysi, without cause;(11) beyond,above;margirfengueigihlaupitumröst, morethanonemile; hafavetrumþrítugt, tobethirty-one;e-m umafl,ummegn, beyondone’sstrength, morethanonecando (þettamálernökkut þérummegn);kastasteiniummegnsér, tooverstrainoneself;umof, toomuch,excessive (þóttimörgumþettaumof);um allamennfram or umframallamenn, aboveallmen (hónunnihonumumalla mennfram);e-mere-tumhug, onehas nomindfor,dislikes (efþérernökkutum hugákaupumviðoss);(12) over,across; detta,fallaume-t, tostumbleover (féll bóandinnumhann);(13) by;draugrinn hafðiþokatatÞorsteiniumþrjársetur, bythreeseats;(14) about;þeirsögðuhonum,hvatumvaratvera, whatitwas about,howmattersstood;hvatsemumþat er, howeverthatmaybe;eigae-tumatvera, tobetroubledaboutathing (lætrsem hanneigiumekkiatvera);varfáttum meðþeim, theywerenotongoodterms; (15)ellipt.,efsattskalumtala, ifthe truthmustbetold;þannigsematburðr hefirorðitum, asthingshaveturnedout; (16)asadv.,gekkumveðrit, veered round,changed;ríða(sigla)um, toride (sail)by;langtum, farbeyond,quite; fljótitvarlangtumúfœrt(úreitt), quite impassable;umliðinn, passedby,oftime; áþeirriviku,erumvarliðin, inthepast -week;II.withdat.(1) over,esp.poet.; sitjaumborðum=sitjayfirborðum;sá esumverðiglissir, hethatgabblesovera meal;(2)oftime, by;umdögum,umnóttum, byday,bynight;umsumrum,haustum,vetrum,várum, inthesummer,etc.;

umvetrumoksumrum, bothwinterand summer.

uma-lauss,a. without(disadvantageous) report (cf. ‘umi’).

um-annan,f. careaboutathing (umannan ok forráð staðarins).

umb, prep., see ‘um’. um-band,n. bandage (-bandumsár); -bera,v. tobearwith (máveraatþeir -beribetrviðþik); -bergis,prep.and adv.=-hverfis; -boð,n. charge,commission (fá e-m -boð sitt).

umboðs-maðr,m. commissary,steward (-maðr biskups, klaustrs).

um-bót,f.(1) mending,bettering;(2) esp. plur. repairs (þurfa -bóta).

umbóta-maðr,m. onewhomendsmatters (vér þurfum -menn).

um-breyta (-tta, -ttr),v. tochange, alter (aldri-breyttihannsínumorðum); -breyting,f. change; -brot,n.pl. violentstruggle,convulsion; -búð,f.(1) apparatus,equipment;(2) arrangement,preparation (þeirtókustrenginaokveittuþessa-búðalla); -búnaðr,m.(1)=-búð; (2) burial (gröftreða-búnaðr);(3) bed; varhonumveitirhœgligr-búnaðr, asoft bed; -búningr,m.=-búnaðr; outfit (var henniveitir-búningr,semhónþurftiat hafa); -dýri,n. lintel; -dœmi,n. adjustment; -dögg,f.poet.,-döggarins, ‘hearth’sdew’,soot; -fang,n. struggle, bustle. umfangs-mikill,a. makingagreat stir, boisterously active. um-ferð, f. circuit, round journey. umferðar-piltr, m. itinerant lad. um-fram,prep.withacc.(1) above,beyond (-framaðramenn);(2)asadv. besides (tólfmennoklögsögumaðr-fram); ríða-fram, torideby;athvárigirgangi

þar-fram, trespassbeyondthat;(3)-fram um or of, beyond;vera-framofaðra menn, to excel others.

um-gangr,m.(1) apassagerounda building; (2) management, care. umgangs-maðr,m.,mikill-maðr, a great husbandman, good manager.

um-gengi,n. management,care; -gerð,f.(1) sheath,scabbard;(2) mounting,frame; -gjörð,f.=-gerð; -gröptr, m. ‘digginground’,searching; -gyrða (-rða, -rðr),v. toencircle,surround; -horf,n. alookinground;hversuþarvar -horfs, howitlookedthere; -hugsan,f. reflection; -hverfis,prep.andadv.(1) withacc. round,allaround (settuþeirlið sitt-hverfisborgina);(2)asadv.,þar -hverfis,allt-hverfis, thereabout,all around; -hverfum,prep.andadv.= -hverfis; -hyggja,f. care (þeirviljasvipta þik várri -hyggju ok forsjá).

umhyggju-lauss,a. neglected;-laust, adv. carelessly.

umi, m. unfavourable rumour.

um-kast,n. suddenchange,convulsion; -kaup, -keypi,n. exchange,barter; -kringis,prep.withacc.=-hverfis; -kringja (-ða, -ðr),v. tosurround; -kvæði, n. term, expression, wording. umla (að),v. tomutter,mumble (hann umlaði við).

um-leitan,f. aseekingfor,negotiation (sætta -leitan); -les, n. = -lestr. umles-maðr,m. slanderer; -lestr,m. slander.

um-liðinn,pp. past,oftime; -liðning,f. courseoftime; -mál,n.(1) circumference;(2) whatissaidoruttered,= -mæli; -merki,n.(1) amarkingout (setja stengrtil-merkja);(2) boundary; -merkja (-ta, -tr),v. tobound,formthebound-

ary of. um-mæli,n.pl. utterances,wordssaid (þérskuluðráðayðrum-mælum); -mæling,f. circumference; -mörk,n.pl. =-mæli; -ráð,n.(1) consideration;(2) guidance,management (með,eptir-ráði e-s);(3)pl. deliberation,consultation; þykkirmératþérmikittrausttil-ráða, forconsultation; -rás,f. course (-rás sólar); -rennendr,m.pl. marauders; -renningr,m. vagrant,marauder; -ræði,n.=-ráð; -rœða,f. discourse, talk; -rœðiligr,a. worthmentioning; -samning,f. agreement,reconciliation; -sat,f.(1) siege;(2) ambush,waylaying (veita e-m -sat).

umsátar-maðr, m. waylayer. um-seta,f., -setr,n. siege (-setaJórsalaborgar); -sitjendr,m.pl. neighbours; -sjá,f. oversight,care,supervision (veita e-m -sjá).

umsjá-lauss, a. unprovided for. um-sjár,m. thesurroundingsea,the ocean; -sjó, -sjón,f.=-sjá; -sjór,m. =-sjár; -skipti,n. change,turn (-skipti hafanúorðit); -skiptiligr,a. shifty, changeful; -skipting,f. change; -skorning,f., -skurðr,m., -skurn,f. circumcision; -skyggja (-ða, -ðr),v. toovershadow; -skygnari,m. outlooker,scout; -sniðning,f. circumcision; -snúa,v. to overthrow; -spillendr,m.pl. slanderers, disparagers; -stilli,n. guidance,management; -svif, n. activity. umsvifs-maðr,m.anactiveman (hann var -maör mikill um bú sitt). um-sýsla,f. occupation,assistance,aid (hét hann sinni -sýslu við föður sinn).

umsýslu-maðr,m.(1) manofbusiness, activeman (-maðrmikill);(2) steward, manager (hannvarþá-maðríReykja-

holti); -mikill,a. active,busy (vænkona ok -mikil).

um-tal,n. talk,conversation (erhann heyrði -tal manna).

umtals-mál, n. matter of discussion. um-turna (að),v. toturnupsidedown, upset; -turnan, f.upsetting; -vandan, f. reprimand,admonition; -venda (-nda, -ndr),v. toturnabout,change; -vending,f. conversion; -vergis,prep.and adv. = -bergis.

una (uni, unda, unat),v.(1) tobecontent inaplace(TumiundieigiíFlateyju); (2) todwell,abide,inabiblicalsense(u. íhelgumfriði);(3) toenjoy,behappyin, contentwithathing;þeirunduillasínum hlut, theyweremuchdissatisfiedwiththeir lot;u.lífi, toenjoylife;u.velviðráðsitt, tobecontentwithone’slot;uni(imperat.)

þúvelvið, becontent! u.sér,u.viðsik, to behappy,feelatease;u.lítteptire-n, to feel deeply the loss (death) of a person. unað,n. delight,happiness (þettaer sællífi ok unað heilagra).

unað-ligr, -samligr, -samr,a. delightful; -samar vistir, a happy home. unaðs-bót, f. delight (skömm -bót). unað-semd, f. charm, delight. unaðs-ilmr,m. sweetsmell; -sýn,f. happy sight; -vist, f. happy home. und (pl. -ir),f. wound (undirdreyrgar); cf. ‘holund’, ‘mergund’. und, prep. under; see ‘undir’. undaðr,pp. wounded (geiri,sverðiu.); cf. ‘hjörundaðr’. undan,prep.withdat.andadv.(1) fromunder,frombeneath;hannhjóu. honumfótinn, hecuthislegoff;hann sprattuppu.borðinu, hesprangupfrom (sittingat)thetable;hannsprattuppu. garðinum, fromunderthefence;halda

skipumu.landi, tostandaivayfromthe shore;(2)withoutmotion;skeritvarútu. firðinum, theskerrywasjustoffthemouth ofthefjord;G.prestru.Felli, fromFell; (3) from,away;snúau.e-m, toturnaway from;heimtafémittu.Hrúti, toclaim mypropertyoutofHrut’shands;(4) ahead of,before (ganga,farau.e-m);(5)asadv. (hannlætrfarau.sauðféþat,erskjarrast var); komast u., to escape. undan-boð,n.,-boðfjár, takinginvestedmoneyoutofaperson’skeeping; -bragð,n. device,subterfuge; -dráttr, m. evasion,shirking; -ferð,f. meansof escape; -ferli,n. evasion; -fœri,n.= -ferð; -fœrsla,f. evasion,pleadingone’s innocence; -hald,n. flight; -herkjan, f. shirk,subterfuge; -koma, -kváma,f. escape; -lausn,f. releasing,redemption; -mæli,n. excuse; -rás,f. runningaway; -róðr, m. rowing away. undar-liga,adv. wonderfully,extraordinarily; -ligr,a. wonderful,extraordinary, marvellous. undir,prep.withdat.andacc.;I.with dat.(1) under;þábrastísundrjörðu. hestihans, theearthburstasunderunder hishorse;þungru.árum, heavytorow; þeirleitaþeirraokfinnaþáu.eyjueinni, theyseekforthemandfindthemunderan island;u.þeimhestivaralinnEiðfaxi, thathorsewasthesireofE.;(2)fig.(undir þeimbiskupieruellifuhundruðkirkna); eigau.sér, tohaveunderone,inone’s power;eigaféundire-m, tohavemoney inhishands,depositedwithhim;(3) under,dependingon;orlögvárerueigiu. orðumþínum, ourfatedoesnotdependon thywords;hannávinu.hverjummanni, hehasafriendineveryman;(4)ellipt. oradverbialusages;vóruþau(Njállok

undir-biskup U undr-látr

Bergþóra)úbrunninu., theywereunburnedunderneath;meðantöðurmanna eruu., whilstthehayislying (mown,but notgotin);efþérþœttinökkutu.um mik, ifthouhastcaredatallforme;sól (dagr)eru., thesun(day)isdown,under thehorizon;væriossmikitu.,atvér fengimliðsinnihans, itwereworthmuch toustogethishelp;II.withacc.(1) under, underneath,denotingmotion(varsettru. hannstóll);(2)oftime;hrökku.miðdegi, itdrewclosetomidday;(3)fig.leggja u.sik, tolayunderoneself,tosubjugate; þjónau.e-n, toserveunderone;þessa laxveiðigafhannu.kirkjuna, hemadeit overtothechurch;beraféu.e-n, tobribe one;leggjavirðingkonungsu.vápnmín, toletitdependonmyweapons;efu.oss skalkomakjörit, ifthechoiceistobeleft withus;Hjörtþóttimérþeirhafaundir, H.methoughtthey got under;efkona tekrmannu.bóndasinn, ifshebeuntrue toherhusband;bjóðaféíleiguu.sik, to offer to pay money for one ’ s passage. undir-biskup,m. suffraganbishop; -borg,f. suburb; -brot,n. subjugation, subjection; -búi,m. underdweller; -byrli, m. under-cupbearer; -djúp,n. gulf,abyss; -dráttr,m. unfairgain; -dráttull,a. covetous,makingunfairgain; -eldi,n. offspring,breed,ofanimals; -fólk,n. subjects; -förull,a. dealingunderhand, false; -gefinn,pp. subject; -gjóf,f. subjection; -grefill,m. underminer; -gröptr,m.undermining; -gørð,f. cushion underasaddle; -heimar,m.pl. the netherworld,lowerregions; -hlutr,m. thelowestpart(ofaship); -hús,n. the netherpartofahouse; -hyggja,f. craft, cunning, deceitfulness. undirhyggju-fullr,a. guileful,false;

-lauss,a. guileless; -leysi,n. guilelessness; -maðr,m. guilefulman; -samr,a. guileful. undir-klæði,n. under-garment; -konungr,m. tributaryking; -kurr,m. secretartifice; -kyrtill,m. underkirtle; -land,n. province; -maðr,m. subordinate,subject; -mál,m.pl. underhand dealings,secretstipulation; -oka (að),v. tosubject; -orpinn,pp. subjected; -prestr,m. subordinatepriest; -rót,f. origin primecauseofathing; -seta,f. pressure, influence; -skáli,m. under-hall; -skemma,f. under-room; -staða,f.(1) stand, =stétt(krossmeð-stóðum);(2) groundwork,base;(3) thetruesenseormeaning; -standa,v. tounderstand,perceive; -stokkr,m. under-post inabuilding; -stólpi,m. pillar; -tekt,f. answer (vitrligar -tektir konungs).

undorn,m.(1) mid-forenoon,9a.m. (ummorgininnat~i);(2) midafternoon,3 p. m.

undr,n.(1) wonder (brestrsvámikill, atöllumþóttiu.at);(2)withthenotion of shame,scandal (þatvaru.mikit,at hannskyldiliggjafyrirfótumþeim);gøra sik(gørast,verða)atundri, tomakea spectacleofoneself,bemadeaspectacleof. undra (að),v.(1) towonderat,with acc.(allirundraþessamannsafl);(2)impers.,mikundrar, itastonishesme;(3)refl.,undraste-t, towonderat (fórumenn útórhverribúðatu.þá);u.ume-t, tobe astonished at.

undra-maðr, m. wonderful man. undran, f. wonder, astonishment. undranar-verðr, a. wonderful. undr-látr,a. giventowondering,eager for strangenews; -ligr,a. wonderful, strange; -samligr,a. wondrous; -sjón,

f. awondertosee,spectacle;verðaat -sjónum=verðaatundri; -skapaðr,pp. of portentous or wonderful shape. unga-aldr, m., á -aldri, in his youth. ung-barn,n. infant; -fé,n. youngcattle,youngstock; -herra,m.=jungherra; -hryssi, n. young colt. ungi, m. the young of a bird. ung-lamb,n. younglamb; -leiki,m. youth; -ligr,a. youthful;-ligríásjónu, boyish-looking; -menni,n. youngman, youth.

ungr (yngri, yngstr), a. young. ung-sveinn,m. younglad; -viði,n. young trees. unna (ann, unna, unnat and unnt), v.(1) nottogrudge; togrant,allow,bestow; u.e-me-s(Hreiðmarrunniþeimeinskis penningsafgullinu);u.e-mlaga, togive onethebenefitofthelaw,giveoneafair trial;ekannþéreigifaðmlagsinsHelgu ennarfögru, Igrudeetheetheembraceof H.theFair;withinfinitive,hannunni øngumatnjótafjárinsnema.sér, he couldnotbearthatanyoneshouldenjoy themoneybuthimself;(2) tolove,with dat.(eigileynaaugu,efannkonamanni);u.e-mhugdstum, toloveonedearly; þeimvarekverst,erekunnamest, Iwas worsttohimwhomIlovedthemost;(3) recipr.,unnast, toloveoneanother (þau unnust mikit systkin).

unnandi (pl. -endr), m. lover. unnasta,f.(1) sweetheart;(2) mistress (ein af unnustum jarls).

unnasti, m. lover, = unnandi. unnr (gen. -ar, pl. -ir), f. wave. unn-vörp,n.pl. dashingofwaves;falla (fella)-vörpum, tofall (kill) inlargenumbers.

ununar-samr,a. delightful (varþar

harðla -samt inni).

unz (for‘undes’),conj. till,until (glaðr skyligumnahverr,u.sinnbíðrbana);til þess unz, until. upp,adv.(1) up;u.okniðr,u.okofan, upanddown;íkornirennu.okniðreptir askinum, asquirrelspringsupanddown thetree;grípau., topickup;u.með, up along;lítau., tolookup;búa(gera)u. hvílu, tomakeupabed;drepau.eld, to strikefire;(2)withthenotionofconsuming;drekka(eta)u., todrink(eat)up;ausa u., tobaleout;skiptau., toshareitallout; (3)withthenotionofdiscovery;spyrja,fréttau., tofindout;(4) quite;fullru. flærðar, brimfuloffalsehood;(5)oftime; u.fráþví, eversince;u.heðan, henceforth;(6)uppá, upon,on;u.átrúþina, uponthyfaith;u.áEbresku, inHebrew; sjá,horfau.á, tolookupon;hugsau.á, to yearn for, to be bent on. uppaustrar-maðr, m. babbler. uppburðar-lítill, a. shy, timid. upp-dalr,m. up-dale,inlandvalley; -dyri,n.=ofdyri; -festa (-sta, -str), v. tosuspend; -festing,f. suspension; -fóstr,n. rearing,fostering; -frœðing, f. instruction; -fœði,n., -fœzla,f. breeding,fostering; -ganga,f.(1) going up,ascent (-gangaíborgina);-ganga sólar, sunrise;(2) goinguponland,going ashore (hanneggjarmennsínatil-göngu);(3) boardingaship (fenguþeir-göngu;áskipit);(4) landing-place,pass; -gangr,m.(1)=uppganga4;(2) good luck,success,fame (varþá-gangrhans semmestr); -gefning,f., -gjöf,f. remission (-gjöfumsakir); -greizla,f. payment,discharge; -haf,n.(1) beginning (þater-hafá.söguþessi);frá-hafi, from thebeginning;(2) advancement,honour

(þóttiþeimmikit-hafí,efþauværilík guði); -hafari,m. founder; -hafligr,a. original; -hafning, f. elevation, pride. upphafs-maðr,m. author,originator (maðrate-u,tile-s); -stafr,m. initial letter. upp-hald,n.(1) holdingup,lifting;(2) keepingup,preservation (veita-haldmusterinu).

upphalds-kerti,n. atapertobeheld uporcarriedinprocession; -maðr,m. upholder, maintainer. upp-hár,a. cominghighupontheleg (hárskór); -heimr,m. theheaven; -heldi,n. upholding,maintenance; -hlaup, n. riot, tumult. upphlaups-maðr, m. rioter. upp-hlutr,m. theupperpartofakirtle; -hæð, f. elevation. uppi,adv.(1) up;sitjau., tositup;hafa u.øxina, tolifttheaxe;standau., tobe leftstanding (þeir,erþástóðuu.); tolie ashore,ofaship;varu.röstmikilá firðinum, thecurrentrosehigh;eigavef u., tohavealoomup,tobeatworkweaving;verasnemmau., tobeupearly;láta e-tu., tocomeforthwith;(2)verau., to live (íþeiramannaminnum,erþávóru u.); tobeatanend,gone (varu.hverr peningr);númunuu.sögurþínar, now youmustbequiteattheendofyourstories. uppivözlu-maðr,m. aturbulent,overbearingman; -mikill,a. turbulent,overbearing.

upp-kast,n. stretching,drawing; -koma, -kváma,f. coming-up,outbreak (-komaelds); -kveiking,f. kindling; -lendingar,m.pl. themenfromtheUpplönd; -lenzkr,a. belongingtotheUpplönd; -létti,n. ceasing,ofrain; -litning,f. lookingup,contemplation;

-lítill,a. smallattheupperend,tapering; -lok,n. unlockingopening; -lokning,f.(1)=-lok;(2) delivery; -lost,n., -lostning,f. falserumour; -lægr,a. elevated, lying high. upp-lönd,n.pl. theUplands,inland counties, in the east of Norway. upp-nám,n.,teflaí-nám, toexposea piecesothatitcanbetaken; -numning,f. being taken up into heaven, assumption. uppnumningar-dagr,m. Assumptionday (-dagr Maríu). upp-næmr,a.(1) confiscable,forfeitable (fé-næmtkonungi);(2)vera-næmrfyrir e-m, tobehelpless,atone’smercy; -orpinn,pp.=-næmr2; -rás,f.(1) rise;-rás elds, eruption;sólar-rás, sunrise;(2) raid, descent,fromships (veita,gera-rás);(3) origin (-rásokæfiþeiramerkismanna); (4) cause (-rásallsúfriðar); -regin,n.pl. thehighgods; -reising,f. araisingup, reparation; -reisn,f.=-reist2; -reist, f.(1) uprising,rebellion (gera-reistímóti konungi);(2) raisingup,reparation (hljótaskaða,enenga-reist);fá-reist, torise again.

uppreistar-drápa,f. apoemonthe creation; -saga,f. thestoryofcreation,the book of Genesis.

upp-rennandi,pr.p. rising (at-rennandisólu); -réttr,a. upright,erect (sitja-réttr); -risa,f. resurrection (eptir -risu Jesu).

upprisu-dagr, m. Resurrection-day. upp-runi,m.(1) rise (-runisólar);(2) growth;(3) origin;(4) thegrowingage, youth; -rœta (-tta, -ttr),v. torootup; -saga,f. pronouncing (-sagadóms); -sát, f.andn. aplacewhereshipsaredrawn ashore; -skár (-ská, -skátt),a. communicative (gerast-skárume-t); -skelldr,

pp. mounted (-skelltskaptitmeðsilfri); -skot,n. delay; -slátta,f.=upplost, falserumour; -smiði,n. building,raising ahouse; -spretta,f.(1) springfountainhead (-sprettaárinnar);(2) source (-sprettaúfriðarílandinu); -staða,f.(1) a standingupright;(2) astandingup,rising; -stertr,a. strutting;ganga-sterti, to walkhaughtily; -stigning,f.(1) rising, ascent, advance; (2) the Ascension. uppstigningar-dagr,m. Ascensionday.

uppstigu-dagr, m. Ascension-day. uppstöðu-tré, n. post. upp-sögn,f.=-saga; -tak,n. income, resource; -taka,f.(1) takingup;(2) seizure,confiscation (-takabúanna);(3) thetranslationofasaint; -tekja,f.(1) a takingtoathing;(2) beginnixg;(3) reception (cf.takae-tvel,illaupp); -tekning, f. thetranslationofasaint; -tekt,f.(1) seizure (fjár-tekt);(2) income,revenue; (3) beginningofadiscourse (hannhafðiþá -tekt,at); -tendran,f. kindling; -tœkr, a.(1) confiscable,forfeitable;(2) helpless, atone’smercy,=-næmr; -varp,n.(1) throwingup (ofavolcano);(2) source, cause (-varpallsúfriðar); -víss,a. found out,known (varðaldri-víst,hverrþetta víghafðivegit);látae-t-víst, tomake known; -vöxtr,m.(1) growth;seinligr í-vexti,slow ingrowingup;(2) stature, height (lítill var -vöxtr hans).

uppvözlu-mikill,a. boisterous =uppivözlu-mikill.

upp-þunnr, a. thin upwards. ups,f. eaves (Egillskautendanum,er logaði, upp undir upsina).

upsi, m. coal-fish, a nickname.

urð (pl. -ir),f. heap of stonesfallen from a hill (grjót ok urðir).

urða (að), v. to cover with stones. urðar-maðr,m. outlaw (gerae-nat -manni); cf. ‘skógarmaðr’. urðar-máni,m. a‘weirdmoon’,boding evil; -orð, n. decree of fate. urð-grœfr,a. thatoughttobeburied under piles of stones.

urðr (gen. -ar), f. weird, fate.

urðr, m. bane, curse (u. öðlinga).

urga (að), v. to gnash (u. tönnum).

urga, f. strap, rofie’s end (rare).

url, n. a kind of hood (for. word).

urt (pl. -ir), herb, = jurt.

usli,m. burningembers,fire (eldrOK usli); devastation by fire. usli, m. damage, = auvisli. utan, adv.; see ‘útan’. uxa-báss,m. ox-stall; -hnúta,f. jointboneofanox; -húð,f. oxhide; -höfuð, n. headofanox; -kjót,n. ox-beef; -merki, n. Taurus, in the Zodiac.

uxi (pl. uxar,olderforms yxn, eyxn, øxn),m. ox;yxninir, theoxen;eyxnmargir, manyoxen;neut.plur.,þrjúyxn, three oxen.

Ú

ú or ó,anegativeprefixbeforenouns, adjs., advs., and verbs, in-, un-, dis-. úa (onlypret. úði),v. toswarm,teem with (hvert vatn úði af fiskum).

ú-aflátliga,adv. incessantly; úaflátsamr,a. unintermittent; úafskiptsamr, úafskiptinn,a. notmeddlesome; úalandi,pr.p. whomustnotbefed,ofan outlaw.

úaldar-,gen.from‘úöld’; -flokkr, m. bandofrovers; -maðr,m. rover,villain; -vetr, m. famine-winter. ú-alinn,pp. unborn; úarfgengr,a. notentitledtoinherit; úargr,a. wild, savage;hitúargadýr, thefierceanimal, thelion; úarmvitugr,a. uncharitable, hard-hearted; úathuga-samr,a. inattentive; úathygli,f. inattention; úauðigr, a. unwealthy,destitute; úauðligr,a. not likelytobedestroyed; úauðna,f. ill-luck, misfortune; úauðráðinn,pp. noteasily managed; úáfenginn,a. notintoxicating; úágangasamr,a. notencroaching uponothers,peaceful; úágengiligr,a. notaggressive; úágjarn,a. notcovetous; úáhlýðinn,a. self-willed; úákafliga, adv. listlessly; úákafr,a. noteager, slovenly;enguúákafari, nolesseager; úáleitinn,a. unencroaching; úár,n. badseason,dearth; úáran,n. badseason, dearth; úárenniligr,a. noteasytoattack; úárligr,a. unthriving; úárvænn, a. notpromisingagoodcroporseason; úáræðiligr,a. unlikely; úástfólginn, pp. unbeloved; úástúðugr,a. loveless; úástúðligr,a. unamiable; úátan,f. a thingnottobeeaten; úávaxtasamr,a. unproductive; úbarðr,pp. unbeaten; úbeðinn,pp. unbidden; úbeiðull,a. notrequesting; úbeinn,a. notstraight; awry; úbernskliga,adv. unchildishly, likeagrown-upman; úberr,a. notnaked, hidden; úbeygiligr,a. unbending,unyielding; úbilgjarn,a. unyielding, wrong-headed; úbilt,a.n. notfrightened; bróðurnumvarúbilt, thebrotherwasnot afraid;látasérverðaú., totakefright; úbirgr,a. unprovided; úbirktr,pp. unbarked; úbirta,f. darkness; úbjartr,a. notbright,dark; úblauðr,a. dauntless; úbliða,f. disfavour; úbliðr,a. unkind, frowning; úblóðigr,a. unbloody; úboðinn,pp. unbidden; úborinn,pp. unborn; úbókfróðr, a. unlettered. úbóta-,gen.pl.from‘úbœtr’; -maðr, m. criminal; -mál,n. acasewhichcannot beatonedforwithmoney; -sök,f. crime, felony. úbragðligr,a. dull-looking; úbráðgörr,a. slowofgrowth; úbráðr, a. slow; úbrátt,slowly; úbráðreiðr,a. dispassionate; úbreiddr,pp. unspread; úbreytíliga,adv. inacommonmanner; úbreytiligr,a. unchangeable; úbreyttr,pp. unaltered;u.maðr, acommon, plain,everydayman; úbrigðanligr,a. unchangeable; úbrigðr,pp. unchanged; steadfast (ú.vinr); úbrotgjarn,a. not brittle; úbrotinn,pp. unbroken; úbryddr,pp. unshod; úbúinn,pp. unprepared; unready,unwilling; úbygð,f. unpeopled tract,wilderness; úbygðr,pp. unpeopled; úbyggiligr,a. uninhabitable; úbyrja,a. barren,sterile,ofawoman; úbæriligr,

a. unbearable; úbœnir,f.pl. curses,imprecations; úbœtiligr,a. irreparable; úbœtr,f.pl. anactthatcannotbeatoned forbymoney; úbœttr,pp. unatoned,not atonedfor; údauðahræddr,a. notafraid forone’slife; údauðleikr,m. immortality; údauðligr,a. undying,immortal; údauðr,a.,ú.ateins(ateinu), allbut dead; údaufligr,a. notdull; údaunan, f., údaunn, m. bad smell. údáða-maðr,m. malefactor; -verk,n. crime.

údáðir, f. pl. misdeeds, outrage. údeigliga,adv. harshly; údeildr,pp. undivided,whole; údirfð,f. lackof courage; údjarfr,a. timid; údrápgiarn,a. hotbloodthirsty; údrenliga,adv. unmanfully,meanly; údrengiligr,a. unworthyofaman; údrengr,m. badfellow; údrengskapr,m. meanness; údrjúgr,a. fallingshort; údrukkinn,pp. sober; údygð,f. faithlessness,badfaith; dishonesty; údyggleikr,m. dishonesty; údyggr,a. dishonest,wicked; údýrr,a. not dear, cheap.

údældar-maðr, m. overbearing man.

ú-dæll,a.(1) difficult,hard;(2) over bearing,quarrelsome; údælleikr,m. overbearing temper.

údœma-mikill,a. portentous; -verk, n. monstrous deed, enormity.

údœmi,n.pl. enormity,monstrous thing;verameðúdœmum, tobeunexampled; údœmiligr,a. unexampled,enormous; úefni,n. perplexed,precarious stateofaffairs; úeinarðr,a. insincere; úeirarfullr,a. unruly; úeirð,f. disquietude,tumult (kappfullrokúeirðar); úeirinn,a. unrulyunforbearing; úendanligr,a. endless,interminable; úfagna (að),v. condolewith; úfag-

naðr,m.(1) row;(2) wickedness;(3) plague; úfagr,a. ugly; úfagrligr,a. unhandsome; úfall,n. mishap; úfallinn,a. unfitted,unbecoming; úfalr,a. notforsale; úfalsaðr,pp. unfalsified; úfarinn,pp. notgone; úfarnaðr,m. misfortune; úfáguligr,a. unpolished; úfeginn,a. notglad,sorry; úfegraðr,a. unadorned; úfeigr,a. not fey; úfeldr,a.=úfallinn; úfengiligr, a. oflittlevalue,unimportant; úfenginn, pp. notgot; úferjandi,pr.p. nottobe ferried,ofanoutlaw; úfésamr,a. yieldinglittleprofit,unprofitable; úfimleikr, m. unhandiness; úfimliga,adv. awkwardly; úfimr,a. awkward; úfjöllóttr,a. withoutmountains; úfjót,n.pl. broils,blunders; úflattr,pp. uncutup, offish; úfleygr,a. unfledged,notable tofly; úfljótr,a. slow; úflokkr,m. rabble; úflugumannligr,a. notlikea flugumaðr; úflýjandi,a.,ú.herr, an overwhelminghost; úforsjáligr,a. imprudent; úforvitinn,a. notcurious; úfólginn,pp. unhidden; úfóthvatr, a. unswiftoffoot;ekkiú., notslowoffoot; úfótlinr,a. notsoftforthefoot (stigr ú.).

úfr (-s, -ar),m.(1) roughness,rough edge,splinter;(2) hostility (risuúlarávinfengiþeira);(3) theuvula (fekkhanntil lækni at skera sér úf); (4) the horned owl. úfr, a. hostile (úfar ’ro disir).

ú-framarr,adv. lessforward; úframgjarn,a. shy; úframliga,adv. notforwardly,shyly; úframr,a. unforward,shy; úframsýni,f. improvidence; úfráleikr,m. slowness; úfrár,a. faint, weakly; úfregit,pp.n. unasked; úfrekliga,adv. notforwardly; úfrekr,a. not forward; úfrelsa (að),v. tomakecap-

úfriðar-flokkr Ú ú-fölr

tive,depriveoffreedom; úfrelsi,n. tyranny; úfremd,f. shyness; úfreski, úfreskr,see‘ófreski,ófreskr’; úfriðast (að),v.,úfriðastmeðþeim, they become enemies.

úfriðar-flokkr,m. hostileband; -fylgjur,f.pl. ‘fetches’ofhostility; -kvittr,m. rumourofwar; -laust,adv. peacefully; -maðr,m.enemy; -vænn,a. boding hostilities.

ú-friðliga,adv. inanunpeacefulmanner (látaú.); úfriðligr,a. unpeaceful, unruly; úfriðr,m. war,hostilities;er þeirurðuvarirviðúfrið, whentheyfound thattheenemywasnear; úfriðsamligr, a. unpeaceful,warlike,disturbed; úfriðsamr,a.unruly; úfriðvænn,a. unpromisingforpeace; úfritt,a.n. unpeaceful;e-merú., one’slifeiswithout rest; úfríðleikr,m. ugliness; úfríðr, a.ugly; úfrjáls,a. unfree; úfrjór,a. barren; úfrjósamr,a. unfertile,unproductive; úfróðleikr,m. wantofknowledge; úfróðliga,adv. foolishly (spyrja ú.); úfróðligr,a. foolish (úfróðlig spurning); úfróðr,a. ignorant; úfrýnliga,adv. frowningly; úfrýnligr,a. frowning; úfrýnn,a. frowning; úfrægð, a. discredit; úfrægja (að),v. todefame; úfrægr,a. inglorious;eigiúfrægari, not lessfamous; úfrændsamliga,adv. unkinsmanlike; úfrær,a.=úfrjór; úfrœði, f. ignorance,lackofinformation; úfrœkn,a. unwarlike,timid; úffúinn, a. unrotten; úfúss,a. unwilling (ú.e-s); úfylginn,a. notfollowing (ú.e-m); úfyririatsamr,a. intractable,headstrong; úfyrirleitinn,a. reckless; úfyrirleitni,f. recklessness; úfyrirsynja,f. wantofforesight (þatmá þykkjamikilú.);úfyrirsynju, accidental-

ly; úfæliliga,adv. undauntedly; úfælinn,a. dauntless; úfœra,f.(1) impassableplace;erú.atkomastþaryfir, itisimpossibletocrossit;(2) criticalstate (veraíúfœru);hlaðaskiptilúfœru, to overloadaship;(3) dangeroustask (ek kallaþatveraúfœruatberjastviðþáat svábúnu); úfœrðir,f.pl. impassableness,esp.fromsnow(lagðiásnjávaok úfœrðir); úfœri,n. dangeroussituation; meiðatilúfœris, todisable; úfœriligr, a.(1) impracticable,nottobedone;(2) impassable; úfœrr,a.(1) impassable (ú.vegr,úfœrtvatn);(2) disabled (G.varþá ú.fyrirfótarinssakir);(3) impossible (at honum mundi ekki úfœrt).

úfœru-vegr, m. an impassable road. ú-fölr,a. notpale; úför,f. disastrous journey,disaster;esp.inpl. disaster,defeat,ill-luck (gleðjastafúförume-s);fara úförumfyrire-m, tobeworstedbyone; úgagn,n. hurt,harm,loss; úgagnvænligr,a. unprofitable; úgaman,n. no pleasure; úgaumgæfi,f. inattention; úgaumgæfr,a. heedless; úgá,f.(1) inattention;(2) carelesslife (liggjaíúgáok ídrykkju); úgeðligr,a. disagreeable; úgefinn,pp.(1) notgivenaway;(2) vacant (úgefnarkirkjur); úgegn,a. unreasonable,self-willed; úgegnliga,adv. improperly; úgeigvænligr,a. notdangerous; úgengr,(1) unfittowalkon (íssú.); (2) unabletowalk (varsveinninnú.); úgetinn,pp.(1) notbegotten;(2)láta sérúgetitate-u, tobedispleasedat; úgeyminn,a. heedless; úgildr,a. unatoned,forwhomnoweregildhastobepaid; fallaú., tobeslainwilhinpunity,without liabilitytowergild; úgipta,f. ill-luck; úgiptr,pp. notgivenaway,unmarried, of a woman.

úgiptu-ár,n. haplessyear; -bragð,n. ill-bodingcountenance; -fullr,a. hapless,unlucky; -liga,adv. haplessly; -ligr, a. oflucklessappearance; -maðr,m. unluckyman; -samliga,adv.=úgiptu-liga; -samligr,a. haplesslooking,evil-boding; -verk, n. = úhappaverk.

ú-girniligr,a. undesirable; úglaðr, a. cheerless,gloomy; úgleði,f. sadness, melancholy;takaú., togrowmelancholy; úgleðja (-gladda),v. tomakesad (þarf þikþettaeigiatú.);impers.,úgleðren, oneturnssad;refl.úgleðjast, toturn sad (Ó.úgladdist,erleiðávetrinn); úglíkr,a.see‘úlíkr’; úglíminn,a. not goodatwrestling; úgløggt,adv. not clearly (sjá,vitaú.); úgnógligr,a. insufficient; úgnógr,a. insufficient,not enough; úgoldinn,pp. unpaid; úgóðgjarn,a. evil-minded; úgóðgjarnligr, a. spiteful; úgóðr,a. bad,wicked;gera sérúgottate-u, tobedispleasedwith; úgrandvarliga,adv. dishonestly,immorally; úgrandveri,f. dishonesty; úgreiða (-greidda),v. toputindisorder (ú.e-tfyrire-m); úgreiðfœrr,a. difficulttopassover; úgreiði,m. impediment (þettavarmérú.); úgreiðr,a. unexpeditious; úgrimmir,a. notcruel,humane; úgrynni,n. boundlessness,immense quantityof (ú.fjár,ú.liðs); úgrœðiligr, a. irremediable; úgylldr,pp. ungilt; úgæfa,f.=úgipta; úgæfr,a.(1) luckless; (2) unruly. úgæfu-fullr,a. unlucky; -maðr,m. lucklessfellow; -samliga,adv. lucklessly; -samligr, a. luckless-looking. úgætiliga,adv. heedlessly,incautiously (mælau.); úgætinn,a. heedless; úgöfugr,a. notofnobleextraction; úgörandi, pr.p. thatcannothedone (núerþat

úgøranda); úgörla,adv. notexactly (vita,sjáú.); úgörr,pp. undone,unaccomplished; úgørr,adv.compar. lessclearly (vitaú.); úhagfeldr,a. inconvenient; úhagliga,adv. inconveniently; úhagligr,a. inconvenient; úhagnaðr,m. inconvenience; úhagr,a. unhandy,unskilled; úhagstœðr,a. unfavourable (ú. vindr); úhagvirkr,a. unskilledasa worker; úhaldkvæmr,a. disadvantageous; úhallr,a. notslanting; úhaltr, a. notlame; úhamingja,f. badluck,disaster.

úhamingju-samligr, a. evil-looking. ú-handlatr,a. notslowofhand; úhapp,n. mishap,ill-luck,misfortune (korna þér óll úhöpp senn).

úhappa-dvergr,m. wickeddwarf; -fullr,a. unlucky; -laust,adv. without amishapoccuring; -maðr,m. unlucky man; -verk,n. unfortunatedeed (vinna hit mesta -verk).

ú-harðfœrliga,adv. notharshly,gently (talaú.tile-s); úharðmannligr,a. nothardy; úharðnatr,pp. unhardened; úharðskeytr,a. weakasanarcher; úháskasamr,a. notdangerous; úháttr,m. badhabit; úhefndr,pp. unavenged; úhegndr,pp. unpunished; úheilagr,a. unholy; outlawed; úheill, a. insincere; úheill, f. mishap, ill-luck.

úheilla-tré, n. unlucky tree. ú-heilsamr,a. unwholesome; úheimila (að),v. todepriveoneoftitleto (ú.eme-t); úheimill,a. unlawful; útheimskr,a. notfoolish,intelligent; úhelga (að),v. toproclaimapersontobe úheilagr; úhelgi,f. thestateofbeing úheilagr; úheppiliga,adv. unluckily; úhermannligr,a. unmartial,unworthyofa warrior; úherskár,a.(1) unmartial;(2)

úhóf-samliga Ú újafn-girni

notharriedbywar,ofacountry(fyrirþá sókvarúherskáttíSvíþjóð); úheyriliga,adv. inanunheard-ofway,wickedly; úheyrligr,a. unheard-of,wicked; úhlífinn,a. notsparingoneself; úhljóð, n. shoutings; úhlutdeilinn,a. unmeddlesome; úhlutsamr,a. unmeddlesome; úhlutvandr,a. dishonest; úhlýðinn, a. disobedient; úhlýnast (að),v. todisobey (ú.e-m); úhlýðni,f. disobedience; úhneistr,pp. undisgraced,=úneistr; úhneppiliga,adv. notscantily,fully (ú. atþriðjungi); úhnøggr,a. liberal; úhóf,n.(1) excess;(2) immensity (ú. kvikfjár).

úhóf-samliga,adv. immoderately; -samligr,a. immoderate; -samr,a. intemperate; -semd, f. excess.

ú-hógligr,a. inconvenient,uneasy; úhrakligr,a. notshabby; úhrapalliga,adv. unhurriedly,leisurely; úhraustr,a. weak;úhraustkona, awomanwith child; úhreinindi,n.pl. uncleanliness; úhreinliga,adv. uncleanly; úhreinlífi,n.=saurlífi; úhreinn,a.(1) unclean (íþeimstaðmáekkiveraúhreint);(2) foul,dangerous,ofpassage(úhreintok skerjótt);þeirsögðu,atúhreintvaríósinum, thatitwasinfestedbyamonster; úhreinsa,f. uncleanliness; úhreytiligr,a. unmanly,notvaliant; úhroðinn, pp. uncleared,ofshipsinabattle; úhróðigr,a. inglorious; úhryggr,a. unconcerned; úhræddliga,adv. without fear; úhræddr,a. fearless,unfearing; úhræðiliga,adv. fearlessly; úhræðinn,a. dauntless; úhrœriligr, a. immovable; úhrœssi,n. afilthything, meanfellow; úhrørligr,a. notruinous; úhrørnaðr,pp. unwithered,undecayed; úhugnaðr,m. discomfort; úhugr,m.

gloom,despair (slóáþærúhugmiklum okgráti); úhvatr,a. unvaliant; úhverfraðliga,adv. unwaveringly; úhygginn,a. imprudent; úhyrliga,adv. with anunfriendlylook,frowningly; úhýrligr,a. frowning; úhýrr,a. unfriendlylooking,frowning; úhætt,a.n. without danger,safe (þegarskipumvarú.athalda ámillilanda);látaú.viðe-n, nottoplot againstone;asadv.,eigiú., notwithout somedanger; úhættligr,a. notdangerous; úhœfa,f. enormity,wickedness (væri þatþóenmestaú.atverðamérekki atriði); úhœfð,f.,=úhœfa; úhœfi,n. =úhœfa; úhœfiliga,adv. wickedly; úhœfr,a. unfitting; úhœgð,f. uneasiness,inconvenience; úhœgiliga,adv. uncomfortably; úhœgindi,n.pl.(1) uneasiness,difficulty;(2) pain,ill-health; úhœgja (-ða),v. tomakeuneasyoruncomfortable (ú.e-m,orfyrire-m);refl.,úhœgjast, tobecomeuneasyorpainful (tókatú. sótthans); úhœgligr,a. painful; úhœgr,a.(1) difficult,hard (varúhœgtat komaorðumviðhann);(2) painful (sótt ströngokúhœg);honumvarsváúhœgt, hefeltsouneasy;(3) unruly; úhœverska, f. discourtesy; úhœverskr,a. unmannerly; úhöfðingligr,a. unworthyofagreat man,undignified; úítarligr,a. humble; újafn,a.(1) uneven,unequal (tveirkostir ujafnir);újafnt, unequally,unfairly (skipta újafnt); (2) of numbers, odd. újafnaðar-fullr,a. fullofinjustice; -maðr, m. an overbearing-man. ú-jafnaðr,m.(1) inequality;(2) injustice,unfairness,tyranny (hvartmanGunnari hefnast þessi ú.).

újafn-girni,f. unfairness; -gjarn,a. unfair; -liga,adv. unequally; -ligr,a. unequal,uneven (-ligorrusta); -skipaðr,

pp. unevenly manned.

ú-karlmannligr,a. unmanly; úkátr, a. gloomy,dismal; úkembdr,pp. unkempt; úkenndr,pp.(1) notexpressedby a‘kenning’ (úkenndheiti);(2) notintoxicated; úkenniligr,a. unrecognizable; úkerskr,a. weak; úkeypis,adv. gratuitously; úkjörligr,a. wretched (ú. kostr);þóttihonumsáhlutrúkjörligastr, theworstchoice; úklaksárr,a. notsensitive,thick-skinned; úklúsaðr,pp. unhampered; úklæddr,pp. unclad; úkløkkvandi,pr.p. unmoved;sáeinn hlutrvarsvá,athannmáttialdriú.um tala, thathecouldneverspeakofitwithout beingmovedtotears; úknáleikr,m. lack ofstrength; úknáligr,a. pithless,infirm; úknár,a. weak,infirm; úknyttir,m. pl. badtricks; úkominn,pp.(1) notcome; (2) future; úkonungligr,a. unkingly; úkostigr,a. wretched; úkostr,m.(1) badchoice;(2) fault; úkrismaðr,pp. unanointed; úkristiligr,a. unchristianlike; úkristinn,a. unchristian; úkræsiligr,a. undainty,filthy; úkröptugr,a. lackingstrength,weakly; úkröptuligr, weak,feable; úkulsamr, a. insensitivetocold; úkulvíss,a. insensitivetocold; úkunnandi,f. ignorance; úkunnigr,a.(1) unknown;(2) unacquaintedwith;H.brástú.viðþetta, H. madeasifheknewnothingaboutthis; úkunniliga,adv. likeastranger (ekki riðaþeirú.); úkunnr,a. unknown, strange (ú.e-m); úkurteisi,f. discourtesy; úkurtefeliga,adv. uncourteously; úkurteiss,a. uncourteous; úkvángaðr, pp. unmarried,ofaman; úkveðinn,pp. unrecited,ofapoem; úkvenska,f. unchastity; úkviðinn,a. unconcerned; úkvæða, úkvæði,a. speechlessfrom

wonder (verða ú. við e-t).

úkvæðis-mál,n. offensivespeech; -orð, n. abusive word. ú-kvæntr,pp.=úkvángaðr; úkynjan, n. anoisomething,monster; úkynligr, a. notstrange; úkynni,n.(1) uncouthness,badmanners,ill-breeding;(2) wonders (valdaslíkumúkynnum); úkyrr,a. unquiet;varrarjarlsvóruúkyrrar, quivered; úkyrra (-ða, -ðr),v. tostir;refl., úkyrrast, tobestirred,excited; úkyrrleikr,m. commotion,disturbance; úkyrrligr,a. unquiet,tumultuous; úkyssiligr,a. unkissable; úkæti,n. joylessness; úkœnn,a. unwise; úkœnska, f. ignorance; úlag,n. disorder;íúlagi, outoforder; úlagaðr,pp. unbrewed; úlamilðr,pp. unthrashed; úlatliga, adv. quickly; úlatr,a. notlazy,eager; úlaunkárr,a. indiscreet,unreserved (varhónjafnan-káraftíðendum); úlátr, a. disorderly, unmannered. úldna (að), v. to decay, rot. ú-leiðingasamr,a. noteasilyled, headstrong; úleiðr,a. notloath,agreeable; úleigis,adv. withoutrent; úlendr, a. outlandish; úléttr,a. heavychild (úléttkona); úleyfðr,pp. unallowed, forbidden; úleyfi,n.,inthephrase,atú. e-s, withoutone’sleave; úleyflliga,adv. withoutleave; úleyfiligr,a.=úleyfðr; úleyndr,pp. unhidden; úleysiligr,a. indissoluble; úleystr,pp. unreleased, unabsolved.

úlfalda-hár, n. camel’s hair. úlfaldi, m. camel. úlfa-þytr, m. howling of wolves. úlf-grár,a. wolf-grey; -hamr,m. wolf’sskin,anickname; -hanzki,m. a gloveofwolfskin,usedbyasorceress; -heðinn,m. wolf’sskin,aberserkwear-

ingawolfskin; -híði (-íði),n. wolf’slair, wood; -hugaðr,a. evil-minded,savage; -hugr,m. awolf’smind,savageness,= úlfúð; -hvelpr,m. wolf’scub; -iðí,n., seeúlf-hiði; -liðr,m. wolf’sjoint,the wrist (á hönd fyrir ofan úlflíð).

úlfr (-s, -ar),m. wolf;alae-múlfa, to breedwolvesforone,planmischief (spyr ekþatfrá,atDanirmuniennalaossúlfa); fig. enemy.

úlfs-hugr,m.=úlfhugr; -kjöptr,m. wolfsjaws; -munnr,m. wolf’smouth; -rödd, f. wolf’s voice.

úlf-úð,f.=-hugr(fullrupp-úðar);slá á sik -úð, to get angry.

ú-líð,n. harm,mischief (veitae-mú.);

úliðliga,adv. unhandily,awkwardly; úliðligr,a. clumsy; úliðmannliga, adv. awkwardly; úlifat,pp.n.,inthe phrase,eigaskamtúlifat, tohaveashort timelefttolive,benearone’send; úlifðr, pp. dead,deceased; úlipr,a. notadroit, clumsy; úlífhræddr,a. notafraidfor one’slife; úlífi,m.=dauði;særae-ntil úlífis, towoundonetothedeath;sárrtil úlífis, wounded to death.

úlífis-maðr,m. apersondeservingof death; -sök,f., -verk,n. acaseordeed worthy of death.

ú-lífligr,a. notlikelytolive; úlíkamligr,a. notbodily; úlíkan,n. proud flesh; úlíkindi,n.pl.(1) improbability; (2) sham,dissimulation (gerae-ttilúlíkinda); úlíkliga,adv. improbably;hanntók áenguú., hedidnotcallitunlikely; úlíkligr,a. improbable,unlikely (þóttiÞ.ú. tillygi); úlíkr,a. unlike,different; úlítill,a. notsmall,great;þettaerú. herr, nosmallhost; úljóss,a. dark; úljúfr,a. ‘unlief’,disagreeable; úljúgfróðr,a. well-informedandtruth-

ful; úljúgheitr,a. makingnoempty threats; úlof,n.=úleyfi;atúlofie-s, withoutone’sleave; úlofaðr,a. unallowed; úlofat,a. withoutleave; úloginn,pp. true; úlokinn,pp.(1) unshut;(2) unpaid (úloknarskuldir); úlund, f. ill temper, spleen. úlundar-maðr, m. ill-tempered man. ú-lyfjan,n. poison; úlyginn,a. unlying, truthful; úlyndi, n. = úlund úlystiligr,a. disagreeable,unpleasant; úlærðr,pp. unlearned; lay; úlæti,n. pl. ill-manners,disorder,riot; úlög,n.pl. injustice,lawlessness;atúlögum, inalawless manner; úlögliga, adv. illegally. úmaga-aldr,m. minority,nonage, childhood (veraá-aldri); -eyrir,m. the moneyorpropertyofaminor; -framfœrsla,f. maintenanceofpaupers,&c.; -lauss,a. havingno ‘úmagi’ tosustain; -maðr,m. apersonwhohasmany ‘úmagar’ to sustain.

ú-magi,m. ahelplessone,oneincapable ofself-maintenance (includingchildren, agedpeople,mendisabledbysickness, paupers, etc.).

ú-mak,n., úmaki,m., úmakindi,n. pl. trouble; úmakligr,a. unworthy,undeserving; úmannan,n. apersonfitfor nothing; úmannligr,a. unmanly,inhuman; úmáli,a. speechless,dumb; úmálugr,a. silent,taciturn; úmáttis,adv. exceedingly; úmittr,m. faintness,swoon; úmáttugr,a. withoutstrength,weak,infirm; úmáttuliga,adv. slightly,faintly (komaú.viðhurðina); úmáttuligr,a. (1) faint,weak;(2) impossible; úmátuliga,adv. immensely; úmegð,f.(1) the stateofbeing úmagi;meðanerfingjar vóruíú., whilsttheheirswereininfancy; (2) apersonin úmegð;sitjafyrir

úmegðum, tohave ‘úmagar’ tosustain; úmegin,n. swoon; úmeginn,a. faintimpotent; úmegn,n.=úmegin; úmegna, v.impers.,e-númegnir, onefaintsaway; úmeinn,a. harmless; úmeinsamr,a. harmless; úmennska,f.(1) unmanliness; (2) inhumanity; úmerkiliga,adv. insignificantly,foolishly; úmerkiligr,a. (1) insignificant,unworthyofnotice (er draumrþessiú.okmunverafyrir veðrum);(2) foolish,silly; úmerkr,a.(1) insignificant,silly;(2) nottobereliedon; úmerktr,pp. unmarked,oftheearsof sheep; úmeskinn, a. ? indifferent. útmetnaðar-samliga,adv. unpretentiously.

ú-mettr,pp. unsatiated; úmildi,f. uncharitableness; úmildleikr,m. inclemency,severity;úmildr,a.(1) uncharitable;(2) unrighteous; úminnast (t),v. tobeunmindfulof (ú.e-s); úminni,n. forgetfulness,oblivion; úminnigr,a. unmindful, forgetful.

úminnis-höfgi,m. lethargicsleep; -veig, f. draught of oblivion.

ú-miskunnsamr,a. unmerciful; úmislyndr,a. even-tempered; úmjúkliga,a. unsoftly; úmjúkligr,a. inflexible,stiff; úmjúkr,a. ‘unsoft’,harsh (ú.íorðum); úmóðr,a. notweary,fresh; úmundangligr,a. excessive; úmyldr,pp. uncoveredwithearth,unburied; úmyndiligr, a. shapeless,monstrous; úmældr,pp. unmeasured; úmæliligr,a. unbounded,immense; úmætr,a. void,worthless; úmætta,v.impers.,e-númættir, oneloses strength,faintsaway; úmœðiliga,adv. withouttiring; úmöguligr,a. impossible; únafnligr,a. ill-sounding,ofaname; únauðigr,a. uncompelled,notcompulsory;eigiúnauðgari, notlessunwilling;

únáða (að),v. totrouble,disturb; únáðir,f.pl. troubles,disturbance (gera e-mú.); únáðuligr,a. troublesome,vexatious; únáttúrligr,a. unnatural; úneiss,a. ‘unshamed’,honourable, renowned; úneytr,a.=únýtr; únotinn,pp. unused; únógr,a.=úgnógr; únuminn,pp. nottaken,ofland; únytja,f. waste;faraatúnytju, tobe wasted; únytjungr,m. agoodfor-nothingfellow; únytsamligr,a. useless; únytsamr,a. useless; únýta (-tta, -ttr),v.(1) tomakeuseless,spoil,destroy;impers.,únýttihöndina, thehand becameunfitforuse;(2) toquash,make void (ú.lögruðning);(3)refl.,únýtast, to cometonaught,bemadevoid,ofasuit; únýtr,a.(1) useless,unfitforuse,spoiled (varhonumhöndinúnýtumdaginn);(2) worthless (illokúnýteryðuræfi);málum várumerkomitíúnýttefni, ourmatters arecometoadead-lock; únœfr,a. unskilled; úorð,n. badlanguage; úorðasamr,a. charyofwords,reserved; úorðinn,pp. future; úorðsæll,a. in badrepute; úpiniligr,a. freefrompain; úprófaðr,pp. unproven; úprúðliga, adv. ungallantly; úprúðr,a. inelegant; úprýði,f.(1) inelegancy;(2)=ofprýði, excess of pride. úr, n. drizzling rain. úr, prep., see ‘ór’. ú-ragr, a. not cowardly. ú-rammligr, a. not strong. úrar-horn, n. ur-ox horn. ú-raskaðr, pp. undisturbed. ú-ráð,n.(1) badcounsel,ill-advised step; (2) evil design. úráða-mannliga, adv. improperly. ú-ráðan,f.=úráð; úráðandi,pr.p. nottohecounselledinanystrait;

úráðhollr,a. self-willed (heimskrmaðr ertuokú.); úráðinn,pp.(1) unsettled, wavering;(2) nothaviq,madeupone’s mind (E. kvaðst ú. til at bœta fé).

úráð-leitinn,a. seekingnoexpedients; -liga,adv. unadvisedly; -ligr,a. unadvisable,inexpedient; -vandr,a. dishonest; -vendi,f. dishonesty,wickedness; -þægr, a. taking no advice, self-willed.

ú-refjusamr,a. untrickish; úrefsingasamr,a. remissinpunishing; úreiðr, a. impassableonhorseback; úreiðr,a. not wroth, calm.

úreiðu-maðr, m. unruly man.

ú-rengðr, úrendr,pp. undressed (?), offlaxandlinen; úréttliga,adv. improperly; úréttligr,a. unjust,lawless; úréttr,a. unright,incorrect; úréttviss, a. unrighteous, unjust.

úrig-hlýra,a.indecl. wet-cheeked, weeping (poet.).

úrigr (acc. úrgan), a. wet.

úrigr, a. ill-tempered, vicious.

ú-ritinn,pp. unwritten; úrífliga, adv. unfavourably; úrífligr,a.(1) bad, unfavourable;(2) scanty; úrikborinn, pp. oflowbirth; úrikmannliga,adv. humbly; úrikr,a. unmigthy,humble; úrotinn,pp. unwritten; úró,f. unrest, restlessness, trouble.

úróar-maðr, m. peace-disturber.

ú-róast (að),v.refl. tobecomerestless, unruly; úrói,m.=úró; úróliga,adv. restlessly; úrór,a. restless,uneasy (hestrinn gorist úrór).

úrr (gen. úrar), m. the ur-ox; urus.

úr-ræði,n.,see‘órræði’; -skurðr, m., see ‘órskurðr’.

úr-svalr,a. wet-cold,coldanddank; -væta, f. drizzling rain, = úr.

ú-rýrliga,adv. unscantily,largely;

úræst,n. filth,nastiness; úrmætligr, a. filthy; úrœkiliga,adv. negligently; úrœkinn,a. negligent; úrœkja (-ta, -tr),v. toneglect; úrœkt,f. neglect,negligence (ú. boðorða þinna).

úrœktar-þokki, m. dislike. ú-röskr,a. slovenly; úsagðr,pp. unsaid; úsakaðr,pp. unhurt (heillokú.); úsakgæfr,a. inoffensive; úsaltr,a. unsalted,fresh; úsambæriligr,a. discordant; úsamjafn,a. unequal; úsamr,a. unwilling; úsamvirðiligr,a. incomparable; úsamþykki,n. disagreement; úsanna (að),v. torefute; úsannligr,a.(1) improbable;(2) unjust,unfair; úsannr,a. (1) untrue;(2) notguilty (ú.e-sorate-u); úsannsær,a. unfair; úsaurgaðr,pp. undefiled; úsáinn,pp. unsown; úsárr, a.(1) notsore,notsmarting;(2) unwounded; úsátt,f. disagreement,displeasure; atú.e-s, withoutone’sconsent; úsáttan, n.=úsátt; úsáttfúss,a. uncompromising; úsáttr,a. disagreeing,unreconciled; úseðjanligr,a. insatiable; úsekja,f. in thephrase,atusekju, withimpunity; úsekr,a. notguiltyguiltless; úséligr, a. unsightly; úsendiligr,a. notfittobe sent; úsénn,pp. unseen; úsetligr,a. improper,unseemly; úsettr,pp. unsettled (sváatúsettsémálunum); úsiðblendr,a. unsociable; úsiðlátr,a. unmannered,barbarous,rude; úsiðligr, a. illmannered; úsiðlæti,n. indecency, badmanners; úsiðr,m. barbarity;pl. immorality; úsiðsamligr,a. indecent; úsiðsemd,f. indecency; úsiðugr,a. illmannered,wicked,barbarous; úsiðvandr,a. disorderly; úsiglandi,pr.p. not fitforsailing,ofweather; úsigndr,pp. withoutmakingthesinofthecross; úsigr, m. defeat;hafa,fáú., tobedefeated; úsi-

granligr,a. invincible; úsigrsamr,a. notvictorious; úsigrsæll,a. notvictorious; úsigrvænligr,a. notpromisingvictory; úsinniligr,a. notlikelytohelp; úsjaldan,adv. notseldom; úsjálfráða, a. beyondone’sowncontrol;beztatsérum þatallt,erhennivarúsjálfrátt, bestgifted ineverythingthatwasnotinherownpower; úsjúkr,a. notill,well; úskaddr,pp. unscathed.

úskap,n.(1) hostility,spleen,illhumour;(2)pl.,úskóp, evilfate (verðafyrir úsköpum).

úskapa-verk,n. ill-fatedwork,deed done by evil fate.

úskap-bráðr,a. calm-minded,well tempered; -felldr,pp. disagreeableto one’smind,unpleasant;e-mer-felltumet, oneisdispleasedwith; -felliliga,adv. disagreeably; -gæfr,a. notgentle,moody; -léttr,a. notlightminded;e-mer-létt, oneisinbadhumour; -liga,adv. enormously; immoderately; -ligr,a. against nature’sorder,monstrous,horrible; -líkr, a. unlikeintemper; -stórr,a. notproud tempered; -tíðr,a. nottoone’smind; -værr,a. restlessoftemper; -þekkr,a. unpleasant.

ú-skeifligr,a. notawry; úskeinisamr,a. nothurtful; -hættr,a. nothurtful; úskelfdr,pp. unshaken,undaunted; úskelfr,a. untrembling; úskerðr,pp. undiminished,whole,entire; úskil,n.pl. unfairdealings,impropertreatment (gera e-m ú.).

úskila-máðr, m. an unreadyman. úskil-fenginn,pp. illegitimate (móðir -fengin); -getinn,pp. notborninwedlock.

ú-skiljanligr,a. unintelligible; úskilrikiliga,adv. unfairly; úskilsli-

ga,adv. unjustly; úskilsamliga,adv. unjustly; úskiptiligr,a. indivisible; úskírborinn,pp. notborninwedlock; úskírlífi,n. uncleanlife; úskírr,a.(1) unclean,impure;(2) indistinct (úskírt mál); úskoraðr,pp. unchallenged,withoutreservation; úskorinn,pp. uncut; úskuggasamligr,a. unsuspicious; úskuldvarr,a. incautiousinincurring debts; úskundi,m. affront (gerae-m úskunda); úskúaðr,pp. unshod; úskygn,a. dim-sighted; úskygnleiki, m. dim-sightedness; úskyldr,a.(1) not related;(2)e-mere-túskylt, itisnotone’s duty,doesnotconcernone; úskyldugr, a. undue.

úskyn-samliga,adv. unreasonably; -samligr,a.(1) irrational,foolish;(2) unintelligent; -samr,a. foolish; -semd, -semi, f. unreason.

ú-skyti (gen. úskytja),m. badmarksman; úskýrr,a.(1) stupid;(2) indistinct; úskærleikr,m. wantoftransparency; úsleginn,pp. unmown; úsleitiliga, adv. unshrinkingly;drekkaú., todrink withoutheeltaps; úslétta,f. unevenness; úsléttr,a. uneven,unlevel; úslitinn, pp. untorn,unbrokenup; úsljór,a. not blunt; úslóttigr,a. notwily; úslyngr, a. unskilled; úslæliga,adv. notslowly, sharply (höggvaú.); úslœgr,a. notsly, notcunning; úsløkkviligr,a. inextinguishable; úsmár,a. notsmall,great;e-m felire-túsmátt, athinghasnodifficulties toone; úsnilld,f.(1) folly;(2) lackofeloquence; úsnjallr,a. unskilled,unwise; úsnjósamr,a. voidofsnow (vetrgóðrok ú.); úsnotr,a. unwise; úsnötrmannligr,a. dull,faint; úsoltinn,pp. nothungry; úsómi,m. dishonour,disgrace; úsóttnæmr,a. notapttobetakenill;

úspektar-ferð Ú útan

úspakliga,adv. tumultuously; úspakligr,a.(1) unwise,foolish;(2) unruly,turbulent; úspakr,a.(1) unwise;(2) restless, unruly; úsparliga,adv. unsparingly; úsparr,a. unsparing; úspáligr,a. unprophetic; úspeki, úspekt,f. turbulence, uproar.

úspektar-ferð,f. raid; -maðr,m. unruly person, peace-disturber.

ú-spilliligr,a. inviolable; úspilltr, pp. inviolate; unspoiled;takatilúspilltra mála, tofightoutinrealearnest; úspurall,a. notinquisitive; ústaðfastr,a. unsteadfast; ústaðfesta,f. unsteadfastness; ústarfsamr,a. remissinwork, idle; ústefliga,adv. disorderly; ústerkr,a. notstrong,weak; ústilling,f. vehemence; ústilltr,pp. intemperate; ústund,f. disregard (leggjaú.á e-t); ústyrkjast (t),v.refl. togrowinfirm; ústyrkleikr,m. infirmity; ústyrkr,m. weakness; ústyrkr,a. weak,feeble; ústyrkt,f. infirmity; ústýrilátr,a. ungovernable; ústöðugr,a. unsteady,unsettled; ústöðuligr, a. unstable; úsundrskilligr,a. inseparable; úsúrr,a. notsour; úsváss,a. unmild (úsvástveðr); úsvefnsamr,a. not sleepy;e-mverðr-samt, onecannotsleep; úsvefnugr,a. notsleepy; úsvífinn,a. coarse,impudent,overbearing; úsvífr,a. coarse,impudent,overbearing; úsvifrungr,m. enemy; úsvinnr,a. unwise; úsvipligr,a. ill-looking; úsvipt,a.n., see‘ósvipt’; úsyknligr,a. ugly,dismal; úsyndr,a. notabletoswim; úsynju,adv. withoutforesight,unwisely; úsýnliga, adv. invisibly; úsýniligr,a.(1) invisible; (2) unlikely;(3) unsightly,ugly; úsýnn, a. uncertain (úsýnarhefndir); úsæbrattr,a. notsteeptowardsthesea; úsæll,

a. wretched; úsælligr,a. joyless,illfavoured; úsætiligr,a. intolerable; úsætt,f., úsætti,n.=úsátt; úsœkiligr,a. impregnable; úsœma (-da, -dr),v. todishonour; úsœmd,f.(1) disgrace,dishonour; (2) impropriety. úsœmdar-hlutr,m. contumely; -orð, n. unseemly language. ú-sœmiliga,adv. dishonourably,unbecomingly; úsœmiligr,a.(1) unseemly; (2) unworthyof (ú.e-s); úsœmr,a. unbecoming,unseemly; úsœra (-ða, -ðr),v. tobreak (ú.sinneið); úsœrr,a. nottobe taken,ofanoath; úsöngvinn,a. unwilling to chant prayers. út,adv.(1) out,towardstheouterside, opp.to‘inn’(útokinnmeðhverjumfirdi);kallamennút, outofdoors;útór, outof,outfrom;útmunninn, outofthe mouth;(2) oftime,útjól, allthroughYule; (3)látaút, tostandouttosea;esp.ofgoingouttoIcelandfromNorway,opp.to ‘útan’(farþútilÍslandsút);komaúthingat,orsimply,komaút, tocometoIceland;alsoofotherfarcountries(faraút tilJórsala);(4)withverbs;brennaút, to burn out; bjóða út liði, to levy troops.

ú-tal,n. countlessnumber; útalhlýðinn,a. notheedingadvice,hardto persuade; útaliðr (útaldr, útalinn), pp. untold,uncounted; útalligr,a. innumerable,countless; útamdr,pp. untamed (hross útamit).

útan,adv.(1) fromwithout,fromoutside;(2) fromabroad,fromIceland;fara ú., togoabroad,fromIceland (spurði ÞórarinnGlúm,hvárthannætlaðiú., semhannvarvanr);meðanhannværiú., whilsthewasabroad;(3) withoutmotion, outside;bæðiú.okinnan, bothoutside andinside;(4)conj. except,but (varfólk

útan-borðs Ú útgöngu-leyfi

alltísvefniú.móðirhans);(5)asprep. withacc., without (ú.frændaráð);with gen.(ú.sætta);(6)fyrirú., outside,beyond, with acc. (fyrir ú. Þjórsá).

útan-borðs,adv. overboard (steypast -borðs); -borgar,adv. withoutthetown; -brautar,adv. outoftheway; -eygðr, a.=úteygr; -ferð,f. ajourneyabroad; -fjarðar,adv. outsidethefirth; -fjórðungs,adv. outsidethequarter; -fótar,adv. ontheoutsideofthefoot (leg); -för,f.=útanferð; -garða,adv. outsidetheyard(house); -garðs,adv. outsidethefence; -gátta,adv. outofdoor; -heraðs,adv. outsidethedistrict; -hrepps,adv. out.sidethepoordistrict; -lands,adv. abroad (þúmant-landsdeyja).

útanlands-maðr,m. foreigner; -siðir,m.pl. outlandish,foreignmanners (eigi kanntu -siðu manna).

útan-lendis,adv.=-lands; -lærs, adv. outsidethethigh; -sóknar,adv. outsidetheparish; -stefning,f. asummons abroad; -vertr,a. outward,outside,outerpart of. útar,adv.compar. fartherout,farther off (vóruþeirkomnirsválangtút,athætt varatsitjaú.);Hrútrsatú.fráHöskuldi, H. sat nearer the door than H.

út-arfi, m. collateral heir.

útar-la,adv. farout; -liga,adv. far out;sitja,-liga, tositneartheentrance; -meirr, adv. compar. farther out.

útarst, adv. compar. farthest out. út-beit,f. grazing (góð-beit); -boð,n. levy,conscription,ofshipsandmen (jarl hafði útboð mikit).

útboða-bréf, n. writ of conscription. út-borði,m. theoutboard,seaward side; -borg,f. outworks; -brjótr,m. out-

burst; -brotning,f. outbreak; -burðr, m.(1) abeatingout;(2) exposure (ofaninfant); anexposedchild; -búinn,pp. fitted out; -byrðis,adv. overboard; -dalr,m. avalleynearthecoast,opp.to‘fjalldalr’; -dyrr, f. pl. = útidyrr.

ú-teitr,a. notgladsome; útekinn,pp. nottaken,unleased; útelgdr,pp. uncarved; úteljanligr,a. innumerable (þar verða -lig tákn).

út-ey,f. out-lyingisland; -eygðr,a. gogyle-eyed; -eygr,a. gogyle-eyed; -fall, n. ebbing, ebb, reflux of the tide.

útfarar-,gen.from‘útför’; -drápa,f. apoemonavoyagetoPalestine; -leyfi, n. theking’sleavetoreturntoIcelandfrom Norway; -saga,f. astoryofavoyageto Palestine; -skip,n. ashipforavoyageto Palestine.

út-ferð,f.(1) ajourneytoaremote, outlying place; (2) journey to Iceland.

útferðar-leyfi,n.=útfararleyfi; -saga, f. = útfarar-saga.

út-firðir,m.pl. theouterfjords; -firi, n. ebbing; -fœri,n. exfiedient; -fœttr, a. splay-footed,=útskeifr; -för,f.(1)= útferð;(2) burial (varhennar-förgör sœmiligeptirfornumsið); -ganga,f.(1) agoingout (fromahouse);(2) passage; (3) payment,discharge; -gangr,m.(1) a goingout;(2) passage; -garðar,m.pl. theouterbuilding;fœrae-nvið-garða, to throwonetothewall;fœrae-num-garða, tocastoneout; -gjald,n.(1) payment, discharge;(2) outlay,fine; -greizla,f. discharge; -grunn,n.=út-grynni; -grunnr,a. shoalinggraduallyfromthe shore; -grynni,n. shallownessstretching outfromtheshore (sakirstraumsokútgrynnis).

útgöngu-leyfi, n. leave to go out.

út-görð,f. outfitting,ofawarexpedition; -haf,n. theout-sea,ocean; -hálfa, f. outskirts; -heimta,f. cravingforpayment; -helling,f. outpouring,shedding (-hellingblóðs); -hey,n. hayoftheunmanuredoutfields; -hlaða,f. outlyingbarn; -hlaup, n. raid, sally, excursion.

úthlaups-maðr,m. raider,pirate; -skip, n. pirate ship.

út-horn,n. out-skirt,out-corner; -hverfr,a. turnedinsideout; -hýsa (-ta, -t),v. todenysheltertoastranger, withdat.; -hýsi,n. outlyinghouse; -höfn, f. carrying out to Iceland.

úti,adv.(1) out,out-of-doors (ú.okinni);liggjaú., tolieintheopenair,houseless;byrgjaú., toshutout;verðaú., to belost,perish,inasnowstormorina desert;(2) outatsea;þeirvóruú.þrjár vikur, theywereoutthreeweeks;drekka júlú., toholdYuleoutatsea;hafaherú., tohaveafleetout;(3) atanend,over (nú er ú. sá tími).

úti-búr, n. out-house, store-house. útidyra-umbúningr,m. fittingsofthe outer-door.

úti-dyrr,f.pl. outerdoor; -fé,n. cattle thatgrazeoutside inthewinter; -fugl, m. wild-fowl,opp.to‘alifugl’; -gangr, m. grazing out in the winter.

útigangs-jörð,f.,góð-jörð, landwith good winter-grazing.

ú-tiginn,a. havingnotitle;útiginn maðr, commoner.

úti-hurð,f. outerdoor; -hús,n. outhouse; -kamarr,m. anoutsideprivy; -klukka,f. outsidebell; -lega,f. ‘outlying’,ofrobbersorhighwaymen; piracy (Eiríkr blóðøx var í -legu ok í hernaði).

útilegu-maðr,m. highwayman,pirate; -víkingr,m. pirate; -þjófr,m. highway-

man.

ú-tilheyriligr,a. improper; útili, m. mischance; útillátsamr,a. un-yielding; útilleitinn,a. inoffensive; útiltœkiligr, a. inexpedient.

ú-tíðr, a. rare, infrequent.

útíma-dagr,m. dayofmisfortune,evil day (þetta er -dagr).

ú-tími,m. eviltime,misfortune,affliction (útímarokúgæfur); útír-ligr,a. unsightly, wretched.

úti-róðr,m.=útróðr; -seta,f. asittingout intheopenair,esp.ofwizards for the practice of sorcery.

útisetu-maðr,m. wizard (sittingout at night).

úti-skemma,f. anoutlying,detached house; -vist,f. abeingoutatsea;hafa -vist langa, a long voyage.

út-jörð, outlyingestate; -kastali,m. =-borg; -kirkja,f. outlyingchurch; -koma,f.(1) comingout;(2) arrivalinIceland; -kváma,f.(1) comingout;(2) arrival inIceland; -kvæmt,a.n.,eiga-kvæmt, tobepermittedtoreturntoIceland; -laga, a.indecl. outlawed,banished; -laga (að), v. todepriveoneofhispossessions (-laga enafsínugózi);refl.,-lagast, tobefined; -lagðr,pp. outlawed,banished; -lagr, m. outlaw; -lagr,a.(1) outlawed,banished;(2) having,topayafine,fined,with thefineindat.(verða-lagrume-t,þrem mörkum);(3) forfeited (þáerubúðirnar -lagarviðþann,erlanditá); -lausn,f. (1) redemption,fromcaptivity;(2) ransom (bjódaHelju-lausn,efhónvilllátafara BaldrheimíAsgarð);(3) dismissalof guests (vóruokgjafirstórarat-lausnum); -lát,n.(1) puttingouttosea (þarvar Englandsfaralbúittil-láts);(2)pl. outlays; -legð,f.(1) banishment,exile (reka

útlegðar-maðr Ú ú-tæpiliga

e-ní-legð);(2) fine (þriggjamarka-legð).

útlegðar-maðr,m. exile; -sök,f. fixable case; -tími, m. time of exile.

út-leggjast,v.refl. tobefined; -leið, f. theoutercourse,atsea =hafleið; -leiði, n.=út-leið; -leiðis,adv. ontheouter course (snua-leiðis); -leizla,f.(1) ‘leadingout’ ofguests,takingleaveofthem afteranentertainment(veizlanvarhin vegsamligstaok-leizlanhinsköruligsta); (2) burial (jarlinnandaðistokvargör virðulig-leizlahans); -lenda,f. outlying estate,opp.to‘heimaland’; -lendast,v. (1) totravelabroad;(2) settleabroad; -lendingr (-s, -ar),m. foreigner; -lendis, adv. abroad.

útlendis-maðr, m. foreigner.

út-lendr,a. outlandish,foreign; -lenzka,f. foreignidiom; -lenzkr,a.= -lendr (þarlenzkr ok útlenzkr).

útlima-smár, -stórr,a. havingsmall, large, hands and feet.

út-lægja (-ða, -ðr),v. tobanish; -lægr,a. banished,outlawed; -lönd,n.pl. (1) outlyingfields;(2) foreigncountries (semtíttvarí-löndum);(3) outlying provinces (þábygðust-lönd,Færeyjarok Ísland); -messa,f. afternoonservice; -mokstr,m. shovellingout,digging; -nes,n. outlyingness; -norðr,n. northwest; -nyrðingr,m. northwestwind; -rás,n.(1) sally,sortie (gera-rásiráhendr e-m); (2) outlet, outflow.

ú-trauðr,a. notreluctant,willing; neut.,útrautt,asadv. quite; útraustr, a. untrusty,insincere,weak; útregr,a. unreluctant, willing. út-reið,f. ridingout,expedition; -róðr,m. rowingouttofish (hannlét þaðan sœkja -róðra).

útróðirar-maðr,m. onewhorowsout

to fish, deep-sea fisherman.

ú-trú,f. unbelief,faithlessness; útrúaðr,pp. unbelieving; útrúanligr,a. incredible; útrúfastr,a. unbelieving; útrúleikr,m.(1) faithlessness; (2) unbelief; útrúliga,adv.(1) unfaithfully;(2) incredibly; útrúligr,a.(1) incredible;(2) suspicious,nottobedepended on; útrúnaðr,m. faithlessness; útrúr, a.(1) faithless;(2) unbelieving; útrygð, f. faithlessness,falseness; útryggligr,a. nottobetrusted; útryggr,a. faithless, not to be trusted.

út-rœði,n.=-róðr; -seldr,pp. lost (öllumþóttikonungr-seldr,efhannfœri viðannanmann); -sending,f. sending out; -sigling,f. sailingouttoIceland; -sjár, -sjór,m. theocean; -skagi,m.= -nes; -skeifr,a. splay-footed; -sker,n. ‘out-skerry’,distantskerry; -skýra (-ða, -ðr),v. toexplain; -skýring,f. explanation,interpretation; -sog,n. thebackwardflowofthesurf; -sótt,f. dysentery; -stafr,m. outwardpost; -strönd,f. outlyingstrand; -suðr,n. thesouthwest, opp.to‘landsuðr’; -sunnan,adv. from the south-west.

útsunnan-veðr, n. = útsynningr.

út-synningr,m. south-westerlygale; -valning,f. election; -vega (að),v. to procure; -vegr,m.(1) awayout;(2) expiedient,meansofescape (øngan-vegá hónnemarennaundan);(3) stateofaffairs (segirhannkonungiallan-vegþann, semvará); -ver,n. outlyingfishingstation; -vinna,f. serviceatsea; -vígi,n. out-work; -vik,f. outlyingcreek; -vörðr, m. out-post; -þýðing,f. commentary,interpretation.

ú-tæpiliga,adv.(1) unsparingly;(2) fully;kennaú., tofeelitunmistakably,

smartsorely; útæpr,a. notscant,ample; útöluligr,a. countless; úumrœðiligr, a. unspeakable; úumskiptiligr,a. unchangeable; únaðsamr,a. discontented; úút-skýranligr,a. inexpressible; úvaldr,a. innocent;ú.e-s, notguiltyof; úvaltr,a. notshaky; úvandaðr,pp. common, vile.

úvand-blœtr,a. easilysatisfied; -fenginu,a. nothardtoget; -görr,a. requiring little pains.

ú-vandi, m. evil habit.

úvand-launaðir,pp. easytorepay; -leikinn,pp. easytodealwith (sýnist mérnú-leikitviðhann); -liga,adv.(1) carelessly;(2) notquite (féllþar-ligaút sjórinn).

ú-vandr,a. notdifficult,plain;ú.ateu, notparticularaboutathing;hversu úvanthannlétgeraviðsik, howlittlepretensionshemade; úvani,m.(1) wantof practice;(2) badhabit; úvarandi,pr.p. unaware; úvarliga,adv. unwarily; úvarligr,a. unwary,imprudent; úvarmæltr,pp. unwaryinspeech; úvarr,a. (1) unaware;komaate-múvörum,kom e-máúvart, tocomeunawaresuponone, takeonebysurprise;(2) unwary; úvarugð,f. unwariness; úvaskr,a. cowardly; úveðr,n. badweather,storm; úveðran, úveðrátta,f.=úveðr; úvegligr,a. undistinguished,unhonoured; úvegr,m. shame,dishonour; úveitull,a. unspending,close; úvendiliga,adv. carelessly,wretchedly, badly; úvendiligr, a. wretched, mean. úvendis-maðr,m. discreditableperson (at gefa slíkum -manni mat).

ú-venja,f. badhabit; úverðr,a.(1) unworthy,undeserving;(2) guiltless (láta úverðamenngjaldareiðisinnar);

úverðugr,a. unworthy,undeservingof (ú.e-s); úverk,n. wickeddeed; úverkan,f., úverknaðr,m.=úverk; úvesall,a. notwretched; úviðbúinn, pp. unprepared; úviðrkvæmiligr,a. unbecoming; úviðrskiljanliga,adv. inseparably; úvili,m.,atúviljae-s, against one ’sgood-will; úviljaðr,a., úviljandi, pr.p. unwilling,unintentional; úviljugr, a. unwilling,withinfin.(ú.vínatdrekka); úvilltr,pp. freefromheresy,orthodox.

úvina-fagnaðr,m.(1) joytoone’sfoes (gerðueigiþann-fagnað,atþúrjúfirsætt þína);(2) welcomingone’sfoes (vérköllum slíka vist -fagnað).

ú-vinátta,f. enmity,unfriendliness; úvindligr,a. notwindy; úvinfengi,n., úvingan,f. unfriendliness,badfeeling; úvingast (að),v.refl. toshowenmitytowardsaperson (ekvildaífyrstuúvingast við þik).

úvin-gjarnliga,adv. inanunfriendly manner; -gjarnligr,a. unfriendly,hostile; -liga,adv.=úvingjarnliga; -ligr,a. = úvingjarnligr.

ú-vinnanligr, a. invincible.

ú-vinr, a. foe, enemy. úvin-sæla (-da),v.,-sælasik, tomake oneselfdisliked;refl.,-sælast=-sælasik; -sæld,f. unpopularity,disfavour; -sæll, a. unpopular,disliked; -veittr,a.(1) hostile,ofpersons;(2) unpleasant,disagreeable, of things.

ú-virda (-rða, -rðr),v. todisregard, slight; úvirðanligr,a. inestimable, huge; úvirðiligr,a. contemptible,scornful; úvirðing,f. disgrace;geraú.tiles, toscorn; úvirðuligr,a.=úvirðiligr; úvirðr,pp. unvalued (ú.eyrir); úvirkr, a. outofwork,idle; úvistligr,a. unfitfor

úvísa-vargr Ú ú-þessligr

habitation; úvit,n. insensibility,swoon; fallaíú., tofaintfallintoaswoon;honum heltviðú., hewasnearfaintingaway; úvita,a.indecl. senseless,insane; úvitand,f. ignorance; úvitandi,pr.p. ignorantof (ú.e-s);ate-múvitanda, withoutone’sknowledge;þúgerðirþatú., unintentionally; úviti,m. idiot; úvitr,a. unwise,foolish; úvitra,f. foolishness; úvitrleikr,m. foolishness; úvitrligr, a. foolish; úvitsarnligr,a. foolish; úvitugr,a. ignorantof (ú.e-s); úvizka,f. wantofforesight,foolishness; úvizkr,a. foolish,silly; úvíða,adv. inbutfew places; úvíðr,a. narrowincircumference; úvígðr,pp. unconsecrated; úvígliga, adv. inastateunfitforwar; úvígligr,a. unmartial; úvígr,a.(1) unabletofight, disabled;(2)ú.herr, anoverwhelming,irresistiblehost; úvíkianligr,a. unyielding; úvísa,f. doutbfulbearing,hostility (sýnasikíúvísuviðe-n); úvísast (að), v.refl. toshowhostilityagainst (ú.mót kirkju guðs).

úvísa-vargr,m. asudden,unforeseen misfortune (varþatþeimhinnmesti-vargr).

ú-vísligr,a. unwise,foolish; úvíss,a. (1) unwise,foolish;(2) ignorantof (ú.e-s); (3) unknown (úvísirerumönnumhættir hans);(4) uncertain,doubtful; úvægi,f. overbearingtemper; úvægiliga,adv. unmercifully,violently; úvægiligr,a. not tobeweighed; úvæginn,a. unyielding, headstrong; úvægr,a. unmerciful (grimmrokú.); úvænkast (að),v. to growlesshopeful,ofone’schance; úvænliga,adv. withsmallchanceofsuccess, unpromisingly,badly;horfaú., tolook hopeless; úvænligr,a. unpromising, leavinglittlehopeofsuccess; úvænn,a.

(1)=úvænligr(úvæntráð);(2) nottobe expected,notlikely (þykkirmérúvænna, athannkomiskjóttáminnfund);ú.til e-s, unlikelytoathing;e-thorfirúvænt, itlookshopeless; úværast,v.refl. tobecomerestless; úværð, úværi,f. uneasiness,itch; úværr,a. restless,uneasy; úværtermér, Ifeeluneasy;gerae-m úvært, tomakeuneasy,harass; úvættr, f.(andm.) evilspirit,monster; úyfirfœriligr,a. impassable; úyfirstigligr,a. insurmountable; úyfirstiganligr,a. insurmountable; úyndi,n. feeling ofrestlessness,irksomeness,discontent (sumirsegja,aðhónhafitortímtséraf úyndi).

úyndis-órræði,n. anextrememeasure, dire expedient. ú-þakklátr,a. ungrateful; úþakklæti,n. ingratitude; úþakknæmr,a. unthankful; úþarfi,a. needless,wanton; úþarfliga,adv. harmfully,mischievously; úþarfr,a.(1) unsuitable,useless (ú.e-m);(2) doingharm toone (ú.e-m);tíðindimikilokúþórf, verybadnews; úþefjan,f. stench,foul smell; úþefr,m. stench,foulsmell; úþekkiligr,a. repulsive,disagreeable; úþekkr,a. disagreeable (flestummönnumú.); úþekt,f.(1) dislike (leggjaú.til e-s);(2) adisgustingthing,offensivesmell or taste.

úþektar-för,f. hatefuljourney; -ligr, a. offensive,disgusting; -svipr,m. slight, offence (sýna e-m -svip).

úþerri-samr, a. wet (sumar -samt).

ú-þessligr,a. notlikethat; úþingfœrr,a. unabletogototheþing; úþinsliga,adv. inamannerunworthyof thee; úþjóð,f. evilpeople,rabble; úþjófligr,a. notlikelytobeathief;

úþokka-dæl Ú úþveri

úþokka (að),v. todisparage;refl., úþokkast, togrowangry,annoyed,ordiscontented(with,oratapersonorthing); úþokkaðr,pp. disliked,abhorred;mér er úþokkat til þeira, I loathe them.

úþokka-dæl,f. filthyhollow; -fert,f. hostilejourney; -gripr,m. nastything; -liga,adv. discontentedly; -ligr,a. dirty, nasty; -svipr,m. frowningmien,cross countenance; -sæll,a. unpopular,disliked; -vísa, f. obscene ditty.

ú-þokki,m. dislike,disfavour,displeasure (fáúþokkae-s,afe-m); úþol,n. impatience; úþolandi,pr.p. intolerable; úþolanligr,a. intolerable; úþoli,m. restlessness; úþolinmóðr,a. impatient; úþolinmœði,f. impatience; úþolinn,a. unenduring; úþolligr,a. unbearable; úþoran,n. faint-hearledness; úþorstlátr,a. notcausingthirst; úþrifinn,a. unthrifty,sluggish; úþrifhatr,m. slothfulness,slugishness; úþrjótanligr,a. neverceasing; úþrjózkr,a. notrefractory; úþrotinn,pp. nevertiring; úþrotligr,a. neverfailing;

inexhaustible; úþróttligr,a. feeble; úþrælsligr,a. notlikeathrall; úþurft,f. scathe,harm (gerae-me-ttil úþurftar).

úþurftar-maðr, m. ill-doer, offender. úþvera-samr, a. scabbed. úþveri,m. scab,skindisease; úþykkja, f.=úþykt; úþykkr,a. notthick; úþykt, f. discord,ill-will; úþyrmiliga,adv. roughly,harshly; úþyrmiligr,a. harsh, unmerciful; úþyrmir,m. mercilessbeing; úþyrstr,a. notthirsty; úþýðligr,a. unfriendly,rough; úþýðr,a. unfriendly, rough; úþægð,f. dislike; úþægiligr,a. disagreeable; úþægja (-ða, -t),v. totrouble,vex (ú.e-m); úþægr,a. unacceptable; úþökk,f. displeasure,reproach;kunnaemú.fyrire-t, tobedispleasedwithoneon accountofsomething; úæti,n. uneatable thing; úætr,a. uneatable,unfittobeeaten; úœðr,a. impassibletowade (vatnföll úœð); úœðri,a.compar. lowerinrank; úœll,a. nottobefed; úœrr,a. notmad; úöld,f. badseason,hardtimes,famine; úört, adv. hesitatingly, slowly (mæla ú.).

Vvað,n. wadingplace,ford (þarvarþáv. á ánni, er nú er ekki).

vaða (veð; óð, óðum,and vóð, vóðum; vaðinn),v.(1) towadethrough water,snow,smoke,fire (v.ár,mjöll,reyk, eld);absol. towadethroughwater;Þórr óðtillands, Th.wadedashore;(2) torush (Kolskeggróðathonum);v.atvígi, to rushintofight;v.fram, torushforth,in battle;hannlætrv.steintileinsþeira, heletsflyastoneatoneofthem;hón létskíranmálmv., threwgoldbroadcast; (3)v.uppi, toappearabovewater (óðulimarnaruppi,enrœtrnarísjónum);fig. tobeoverbearing (þennatímaóðherraA. mjók uppi).

vað-bjúgr,a. fallingslacklikeafishingline;fara-bjúgrfyrire-m, togivein; -horn,n. ahornfastenedtothegunwale ofaboatoverwhichtodrawthefishing line.

vaðill (pl. vaðlar),m.(1) wading (við vásokvaðlaspiltistmjökmeinit);(2) shallowwater,esp.placeswherefiordsor straitscanbepassedonhorseback(var flœðr sævar ok ekki reitt yfir vaðla).

vaðil-sund, n. shallow sound. vaðinn,pp. gone,donewith,destitute; vaðin at vilja, joy-bereft. vað-mál,n. aplainwoolenstuff,wadmal (sex alnir vaðmáls).

vaðr (pl. -ir),m.(1) fishing-line;(2) a lineformeasuring (dragavaðyfirþveran akrinn).

vað-steinn,m. astone(servingasa lead) on a fishing-line. vaf,n. wrapping;verðalítillívafi, tobe small, insignificant. vafi, m. doubt, uncertainty. vafin-skepta,f. anaxewithanironbound handle.

vafka (að), v. = vafra. vafla (að), v. = vafra. vaflanar-för, f. vagrancy. vafningr,m. entanglement (þóttiöllum horfa til inna mestu vafninga).

vafra (að), v. to hover about, roam. vafr-leysa,f. nonsense; -logi,m. flickering flame. vaf-spjörr,f. astripofclothwound round the leg instead of stockings. vaga (að), v. to wag, waddle. vagar, f. pl. sledge; cf. ‘vögur’. vagga, f. cradle (barn í vöggu).

vagl,m. beam,esp. anuppercrossbeam; -eygr, a. wall-eyed. vagn,m.(1) vehicle,sledge,wagon,carriage; (2) Charles’s Wain. vagna,f. dolphinorporpoise,=vögn (sáu þeir vögnu eina).

vagna-borg,f. rampartofchariots; -braut,f. carriageroad; -hvel,n. wagon-wheel; -líð,n. hostofchariots; -meistari, m. master of chariots. vagn-hestr,m. chariot-horse; -hlass, n. wqgon-load; -karl,m. wagoner; -sleði,m. sledge-wain; -slóð,f. wagontrack.

vaka (vaki, vakta, vakat),v.(1) tobe awake,tokeepawake (hannhefirvakatí allanótt);v.yfire-u, towatchduringthe night (v.yfirfésínu);(2) toawake,=vakna (hann bað hann v. skjott).

vaka (gen.pl. vakna),f.(1) waking hal-

davökusinni, tokeeponeselfawake;(2) vigil (faratilhinsheilagaÓlafstilvöku); (3) eve of saint’s day.

vakka (að),v. tostray,hoverabout,= vafka (þeir látu v. við skipin).

vakna (að),v. toawake,wakeup (er hannvaknaði,þáranndagrupp);menn vöknuðuvið,erhanngekkút, menwoke upjustashewentout;v.viðe-t, torecognize,recollect (þávaknaðikonungrvið ætt þeira).

vaknan, f. awakening.

vakna-skeit, n. vigil-time.

vakr (vökr, vakrt),a. watchful,alert, wakeful (v. í bœnahaldi).

vakr-liga,adv. nimbly; -ligr,a. watchful, lively; -lyndr, a. frisky.

vakta (að), v. to watch, with acc. val,n. choice;hannspurðihverjar sögurívaliværi, whatstoriestherewere tochooseamong;engiváruvöláþví, there was no chance of that. vala-ript, f. French cloth. val-baugar,m.pl. Frenchrings,foreign gold; cf. ‘Valir’.

val-blóð,n. bloodfromtheslain (valr); -bráð,f. fleshoftheslain (manna -bráðir).

val-bygg, n. foreign barley.

val-böst, f. some part of a sword. vald,n.(1) power,authority (þérhafið valdtilþessatráðaþessuatsinni);eiga (fá)v.yfire-m, tohave(get)powerover one;gefastív.e-s,ganga(koma)á,v.es, tosubmittoone;(2) power,dominion (þátóktilv.Sviakonungs);(3)pl.völd, thecauseororiginofathing;kenniekþér völdumþat, Ichargeitonthee;afmínum völdum, of my doing.

valda (veld, olla or volda, valdit), v.(1) towield,withdat.;efekemsvá

ústerkr,atekmáeigiv.sverðinu, thatI cannotwieldthesword;(2) toruleover;en þarHeimdallkveðav.véum, therethey sayH.rulesoverthefane;(3) tocause,be thecauseof,withdat.orabsol.(eigivissu menn,hvatþvíolli);þessumunSvanrv., this must be Swan’s doing. valdandi, valdari,m. wielder,ruler (sigrs valdari).

vald-borg, f. stronghold. valdi, m., in ‘ein-, fólkvaldi’. valdi, a., v. e-s = valdr e-s. valdr, m. wielder, ruler. valdr,a.,v.e-s, thecauseof,guiltyof (þótt þú sjálfr sér þess eigi v.).

val-dreyri,m.=valblóð; -dreyrugr, a. gory with blood of the slain. valds-ligr,a. powerful,mighty; -maðr, m. mighty man, ruler. val-dýr,n. carrion-beast,esp. wolf; -dögg,f. ‘thedewoftheslain’,blood; -fall,n. thefalloftheslain; -fóðr,m. fatheroftheslain,Odin; -galdr,m. charms,spellstoraisethedead; -gjarn,a. greedyforcarrion,ofthewolf; -glaumr, m. theswarmoftheslaininValhalla; -grind, f. the gate of Valhalla. val-knot, f. walnut. val-höll,f.(1) thehalloftheslain,Valhalla; (2) a great hall of a king. valin-kunnr,a.(1) impartial;(2) honest, respectable. valir,m.pl. theinhabitantsofFrance (otherthantheFranks);Valamálmr, Vala ript, gold or costly stuff from France. val-kyrja,f. achooseroftheslain, Valkyrie; -köstr, m. a heep of slain. val-land, n. France. vallari,m. destituteperson,tramp, beggar; vagabond, wanderer. vallar-sýn,f. outwardappearance

(miklir eru þeir at -sýn).

vall-gangr,m. excrements; -gróinn, pp. grownwithturf (-grónirbakkar); -þrúðr, a. proud of gait. val-mær, f. = valkyrja.

valneskr, a. French, = valskr. valr,m. theslain (látuþeirbúaumval þann, er þar hafði fallit).

valr (-s, -ir), m. hawk, falcon. valr, a. round, oval.

val-rauðr,a. blood-red,crimson; -rauf, -rof,n. plunderingtheslain; -rúnar,f.pl. obscurerunes; -sinni,n. the company of the slain. valska,f. theFrenchlanguage,=völsk tunga; valskr,a. French;valskarmýss, rats.

val-slöngva,f. ‘war-sling’,catapult; -stefna,f. war-meeting,battle; -tivar, m. pl. gods of the slain.

valtr,a. easilyupset,unstable,unsteady (völt er þessa heims hamingja).

val-veiðr, f. hawking.

valz-ligr, a. proud, = valdsligr. vamm,n. blemish,=vömm;leitae-m vamms, to do one harm. vamma-fullr,a. fullofblemishes; -lauss, -vanr, a. unblemished. van-,aprefixedparticledenoting lacking, under-, un-. vana (að),v.(1) todiminish,opp.to ‘auka’;(2) todisable,spoil,destroy;(3)refl., vanast, to wane, fail. van-afli, a. weak, waning in strength. vana-ligr,a. usual,common; -sótt,f. habitualillness;-sóttkvenna, menstruation; -sóngr, m. usual singing. van-burða,a.indecl. bornprematurely (-burða eldi); -búinn, pp. unprepared. vanda (að),v.(1) toworkelaborately, bestowgreatpainson,preparecarefully (hóngerðihonumokklæðiöll,ermest skyldiv.);vandaðr, elaborate,highlyfinished (vandaðrskipabúnaðr);vandaðar krásir, choicedainties;(2) topickoutthe best,choosecarefully (muntuþurfaatv. tilferðarþessarbædimennokskip);(3) tofindfaultwith,beparticularabout,care, mind,withanegative(v.líttumsiðu manna);vandaekeigi,þóttsásédrepinn, Imindnotthoughhebekilled;v. ume-tviðe-n, tofindfaultwithonefor athing,complainof;(4)refl.,vandast, to becomedifficult,precarious (þykkimérnú v.málit);impers.,vandastume-t, itbecontes difficult. vanda-,gen.from‘vandi’; -bundinn, pp. closelyallied,connectedwith (bundinne-m); -hlutr,m. difficultthing (eigi lítill -hlutr).

vanda-,gen.pl.from‘vöndr’; -hús,n. wicker-house. vanda-lauss,a.(1) notdifficult,easy; (2) unrelatedwith (-lausse-m;)-lausir menn, strangers;(3) freeofobligation (ek vilvera-laussaf,þótt,þúfarirheimþangat);e-merlaustviðe-n, oneisinno relationto(quiteneutralasto)aperson; -lítill,a. easy; -maðr,m. relation, friend,=venzla-maðr; -mál,n. adifficult,complicatedcase; -mikill,a. closely connected; -ráð, n. = vanda-mál. vandar-högg, n. flogging. vanda-samligr,a. difficult; -sýsla,f. difficult task. vanda-tíðir, f. pl. customary feasts. vand-bálkr,m. awallofwandsor wicker, wattled partition. vand-blœtr,a. fastidious,difficultto please; -fenginn,pp. difficulttoget; -fœrr,a. difficulttopass,ofaroad; -gætt,pp.n.,inthephrase,e-mverðr vall-gangr

-gœtttile-s, athingisdifficulttokeep ormanage; -hœfi,n. difficulty,difficult management; -hœfr,a. difficulttomanage. vandi,m.(1) difficulty,difficulttask (líztmérþatmikillv.);(2) responsibility (ekafselvandamérafhöndum,hversu semgefst);(3) obligation,duty,esp.ofrelationship;e-merv.áviðe-n, oneisunder obligationtoaperson (erþérmiklumeiri v.áviðEirikkonungenEgil);bindasér vanda við e-n, to enter into obligation. vandi,m. custom,habit,wont (leggjaet í vanda); at (or eptir) vanda, as usual. vandindi, n. pl. difficulties. vand-kvæði,n. perplexity,trouble;hitta(koma)í-kvæði, togetintotrouble; -launaðr,pp. difficulttorewardasis due.

vand-laupr, m. basket of wands. vand-látr,a. fastidious,difficultto please; -liga,adv.(1) carefully,exactly (segja-ligafráe-u);gætae-sliga, towatch closely;(2) completely,fully (svá-ligatýnduþeirsannleikinum,atengivissiskaparasinn); -líft,a.n. difficulttolive (e-mer-líft); -lyndi,n. difficulttemper; -lyndr,a. difficultoftemper; -læta (-tta, -tt),v. tobezealous; -læti,n. zeal.

vandlætis-maðr, m. zealot. vand-mæli, n. difficult question. vandr (vönd, vant),a.(1) difficult,requiringpainsandcare;sýndisthennivant atneitaþessuboði, itwasarisktorefuse suchanoffer;órvöndueratráða, thisis adifficultcase;veravantviðkominn, to beinaperplexity;(2)e-mervantviðe-n, oneisunderobligationtoaperson,=e-m ervandiáviðe-n;(3) careful;v.ate-u, particularabout (hversuv.muntuveraat kaupunautum?).

vand-raun, f. hard trial. van-drengr,m. mean,dishonourable fellow, = ú-drengr.

vandræða-félag,n. troublesomefellowship; -gripr,m. troublesomething; -kostr,m. direchoice; -laust,adv. withouttroubles;skilduþeirallir-laust, theypartedwithoutaquarrel; -líkligr, a. likelytocausetrouble; -maðr,m. troublesomeperson; -samr,a. troublesome; -skáld, n. troublesome poet, a nickname. vand-ræðast (dd),v.refl. togrumble over, complain of (-ræðast um e-t). vandræða-tak,n. troublesometaking; -vant, a. n. difficult. vand-ræði,n. difficulty,trouble,perplexity (hannleystihversmanns-ræði); -sénn,pp. difficulttosee;-séterviðe-u, itisdifficulttobeonone’sguardagainst; -settr,pp. difficulttoplace; -skipaðr, pp. difficulttoman (-skipaðrmunþér stafninn); -stilltr,pp. difficulttotemper.

vand-styggr,a. ‘wand-shy’,flinching from the rod, of a horse.

vand-tekit,pp.n. difficulttoreceive; -tekiterviðe-m, itisnotsafetoreceive one; -veittr,pp. difficulttogive; -virkliga,adv. painstakingly,carefully; -virkr,a. painstaking,careful; -virkt, f.(1) goodworkmanship;(2) carefulness, painstaking; -yrkliga,adv.=vand-virkliga.

van-efni,n.pl. lackofmeans; -farinn,pp. inastrait;vérerum-farnir hjáhonum, wearemuchshortofhim; -ferli,n. thingsgoingwrong; -festr, pp. badlyfastened; -frægð,f. disrepute; -frægja (-ða, -ðr),v. tobringabad nameon; -fœri,f. disability; -fœrr,a.

(1) disabled,infirm;(2) unable,incapable (fœrr em ek til at gera þér veizlu).

vanga-bein,n. cheek-bone; -filla,f. skinandfleshofthecheek; -gull,n. earring; -högg, n. box on the ear. van-geyma (-da, -t),v. tobenegligent of; -geyminn,a. negligent; -geymni, -geymsla, f. negligence.

vangi, m. the upper part of the cheek. vangr,m. field (cf.‘himinvangr’);frá mínumvéumokvöngum, frommyhearth and home.

van-gæzla,f. negligence,=van-geymsla; -hagr,m.(1) disadvantage;(2) misconduct; -hald,n. damage,loss (bíða -haldafe-m);pl. ill-luck,thriftlessness; -haldin,pp. getting,lessthanone’sdue, wronged; -heiðr,m. dishonour; -heila, f.=-heilsa; -heiligr,a. wretched,ill; -heilindi,n. failinghealth,illness; -heill,a.(1) nothale,disabled;e-m verðr-heilt, oneistakenill;(2) pregnant; -heilsa,f. failinghealth,illness; -henta,v. tostandinneedof,want (hannkvad sér-hentaannat); -hentr,a. notsuitable;e-mere-t-hent, itsuitshimnot well; -hertr,pp. notpusheduptoone’s mettle; -hluta,a. indecl.unfairlydealt with;verða-hluta, tobeworsted; -hlutr, m. damage,loss; -hyggja,f. lackoffore thought. vani,m. custom,usage;leggjae-tívana sinn, to practice habitually. van-kunnandi, -kunnasta,f. wantof knowledge,ignorance; -launaðr,pp. badlyrewarded; -lofaðr,pp. underpraised; -luktr,pp.half-finished; -lyktir,f.pl. neglect,með(at)-lyktum, unfinished,halfdone; -mátta,a.indecl. weak,infirm; -máttigr,a. failingin strength; unable,impotent; -máttr,m.

failingstrength,illness; -megin,n.(1) weakness,illness;(2) fainting,swoon; -meginn,a. feeble,weak; -megn,n.= van-megin; -megna (að),v. toweaken; refl.,-megnast, togrowfaint; -menna, f., -menni,n. worthlessperson; -meta, a.indecl. inaweak,badcondition (var fótrinn-meta); -metnaðr,m. disgrace; -mettr,pp. hungry; -minni,n. forgetfulness; -mælt,pp.n.,eigae-t-mælt, tohaveanythingunsaid,anythingtosay; hvártsemmérverðrofmælteða-mælt, whether I say too much or too little. vanr,a.(1) wont,accustomed (baðhann ganga,tilsætisþess,erhannvarv.atsitja);v.e-u, usedtoathing;(2) usual (ekki fekk ek minna til bús en vant er).

vanr,a. lacking,wanting,withgen.; handaremekv., Ilackahand;vöngeng ekvilja, Iwalkjoyless;e-servant, somethingiswantingormissing;eittsinnvar vant kýr í Þykkvabœ, a cow was wanting. van-rétti,n. lossofright,injury (þola -rétti); -rœkiliga,adv. carelessly, slovenly; -rœkinn,a. careless,negligent; -rœkja (-ta, -tr),v. toneglect,disregard; -roekni,f. lackofcare,negligence; -roekt,f. lackofcare,negligence; -sami, m. dishonour; -sénn, a. difficult to see. vansi,m.(1) lack,want (v.matarok klæða);(2) shame,disgrace (verðafyrir, fá,vansa);(3) harm,injury;þeirfengu engarbœtrfyrirvansasina, theygotno compensation for their hurts. van-signaðr,pp. cursed; -skör-ungr, m. wretchedfellow; -stilli,n. lackof moderation,intemperance; -stilling,f. lackofmoderation,intemperance; -stilltr,pp.(1) wantingintemper,rash;(2) excessive; -sætti,n. discord; -sœmd,f. dishonour, contumely, = úsœmd.

vanta (að),v. towant,lack;impers. withacc. ofthepersonandthing (e-nvantare-t);vantaðiþáeigihestanéaðrahluti, theywantedneitherhorsesnorother things.

van-talat,pp.n.=-mælt;áekvið hváriganykkar-talat, Iwanttospeakto neitherofyou; -talit,pp.n. notfullyaccountedfor,shortinthetale; -tempran, f. immoderation; -traust,n. lackoftrust; -trú,f. unbelief; -trúaðr,pp. unbelieving; -trúnaðr,m. distrust; -trúr,a.= -trúaðr; -unninn,pp. unfinished; -virða (-rða, -rðr),v. disregard,dishonour,put toshame; -virða,f. disgrace,shame; -virðing,f. disgrace,shame; -virkja,f. defect fault; -vizka, f. foolishness. vanyfla-sótt, f. habitual illness. van-yfli, n. pl. chronic ailments. var-, a prefixed particle, = van-. vara (að),v.(1) towarn,caution;v.enviðe-u, tocautiononeagainst,bidone bewareof (þúhefirþatráðupptekit,er ekvaraðaþikmestvið);v.sik, tobeon one ’sguard,beware;(2)refl.,varast=vara sik(þeirÞorgilsvissusérengisóttaván okvörudustekki);v.afe-u totakewarningfrom (sváataðrirvaristafúförum þinum);v.e-t, tobeonone’sguard against,shun,takecarenotto (hann varaðistþatmestatkomaviðlandit);bad jarlinn við v., to be on his guard. vara (-ði),v. togive(one)aforeboding of;þessvarirmik,at, Ihaveapresentimentthat;þeirkómuþarjafnanfram,er engimannvarði, wherenooneexpected; barhannskjótaraatenþávarði, soonerthantheyexpected;þáerminnstvarir, when one least expects it. vara,f. wares,inNorwaychieflyoffur (grá-,skinna-vara),inIcelandof wadmal (vara íslenzk).

varan, f. (1) warning; (2) shunning. varar-feldr,m. akindofcloak; -skinn,n. skincurrentintrade; -váð,f. = vöruváð.

var-boðit,pp.n. underbidden,underrated; -búinn, pp. unprepared. varða (að),v.(1) towarrant,guarantee, answerfor;v.fyrire-n, tostandbailfor one;ekvil,atFlosieinnvarðiviðmik, mywillisthatF.aloneshallbeanswerable (forthefines) tome;(2) tobargainfor (S.hefiráðrvarðatviðinnfyrirþrjúhundruðeinlit);(3) tobeofimportance (ef þérþykkirv.ummínavináttu);v.e-n, toconcernone,beofimportancetoone (at segjaþérþat,erþikvarðar);v.miklu, litlu,engu, tomattermuch,little,naught; hannkvaðþáenguþatv., saiditwasno businessoftheirs;varðarenguumvára aptrkomu, itdoesnotmatterwhetherwe comebackornot;(4) toguard,watch,defend (v.land,allavega);v.e-me-t, to wardathingofffromapersonwithholdit fromhim;v.mérbátinn: toforbidmethe boat,byforce;v.e-m,withinfin. tohinder,prevent (varðarhannféváruatkomastyfirána);(5) tobeliableto,punishableby (varðarþatfjörbaugsgarð);hvat varðar,þóttvérreynim, whatriskthough wetry?;v.e-me-t, toentailasapenalty uponone (spurði,hvatkonuvarðaði,ef hónværiíbrókumjafnansvásemkarlar);v.viðlög, tobepunishablebylaw (þat ætlaekviðlögv.atvinnaáMikjálsdegi); oklétv.þriggjamarkaútlegð, heaskedfor afineofthreemarks;(6) tobelongto (sú jörð er klaustrinu varðaði).

varða,f. pileofstones,cairn (hlaða, reisa vörðu).

varð-berg,n. ‘watch-rock’,outlook;ve-

raá-bergi, tobeonthelookout; -hald, n.(1) holdingward,keepingwatch;vera á-haldi, tokeepwatch (hannskyldigæta hestaþeiraokveraá-haldi);(2) custody (hafa e-n í -haldi).

varðhalds-engill,m. guardianangel; -maðr, m. watchman. varð-helgi,f. sanctuary,asylum; -hundr,m. watch-dog; -hús,n. watchhouse.

varði,m. cairn =varða(varv.stórr fyrir ofan tjaldit).

varð-karl,m. watch-carle,warder; -klokka,f. watch-bell; -lokkur,f.pl. akindofmagicsong,charms; -maðr,m. watchman,warder; -veita (-tta, -ttr), v.(1) tokeep,preserve,withdat.(-veita þessumsteini);laterwithacc.,sváskal ekþik-veita,atþikskalekkisaka, Ishall takesuchgoodcareofthee,thatnoharm shallcometothee;-veitasikviðe-u,frá e-u, toabstainfrom;efmaðrtekrgriðok -veitirþatekki, ifamantakesupanabode anddoesnotkeepit;(2) toobserve (-veita guðsboðorðum); -veizla,f. keeping,custody;fáe-mfétil-veizlu, tohandmoney over to one to keep. varðveizlu-lauss,a. watchless,unguarded; -maðr, m. warder, keeper. var-fœri,f. wariness; -fœrr,a. wary, cautious (Ólafr bað hann vera varfœran). varg-dropi, m. son of an outlaw. var-gefin,pp.f. ill-matched,ofa woman; -goldinn, pp. underpaid. varg-hamr,m. wolf’sskin; -ljöð,n. pl. wolf-howlings. vargr (-s, -ar),m.(1) wolf (trollkona satávargi);(2) thief,robber,miscreant; eyðavörgum, todestroymiscreants;(3) outlaw (Eyvindrhafðivegitívéum,ok var hann v. orðinn).

varg-rœkr,a. whoistobehunteddown as a wolf. vargs-hold, n. wolf’s flesh. varg-skinn, n. wolf’s skin. vargs-líki,n. likenessofawolf (brugðu ÆsirValaí-líki); -rödd,f. voice(howling) of a wolf. varg-stakkr,m. acloakofwolf’sskin (þeirhöfðu-stakkafyrirbrynjur); -tré, n. gallows. varg-úlfr, m. were-wolf. varg-ynja,f. she-wolf; -öld,f. age (time) of wolves.

var-haldinn,pp. unfairlytreated; -hluta,a.indecl.verða-hlutafyrire-m, togetanunfairshare,bewronged; -hugi, m. precaution;gjalda-hugaviðe-u, tobeware of; -hygð, f. wariness, watchfulness. vari,m. wariness,precaution;betrier hinnfyrrivarinn, fore-thoughtisbetter thanafter-thought;tilvara, bywayofprecaution. vari,m. thewaterysubstanceofthe blood (vatn, er menn kalla vara).

varinn,pp. conditioned =farinn(sváer mér varit, at).

varla, adv. hardly, scarcely. var-launaðr,pp. insufficientlyrewarded;eigae-m-launat, tobeindebttoone; -leika,a.indecl.,verða-leika, tobe worstedinagame; -leiki,m. wariness; -leitat,pp.n. insufficientlysearched (hafa-leitate-s); -liga,adv.(1) scarcely, hardly;(2) warily (fara,mæla-liga); -ligr,a. displayingwariness,cautious, safe (þat þótti -ligra).

varma-hús, n. a warmed room. varmr,a. warm;varhonumvarmt mjök, he was very warm. var-mæltr,pp. cautiousinone’slanguage; cf. ‘varorðr’.

varna (að),v.(1) towithholdfromone, denyoneathing,v.e-me-s(v.e-mliðveizlu,máls,réttinda);(2)v.viðe-u, toabstainfrom (v.viðkjötvi);varnaði-tvið tárum, she could not forbear weeping. varnaðar-bréf,n. letterofprotection, safe-conduct; -maðr,m. warder, guardian.

varnaðr (gen. -ar),m.(1) protection, keeping (hafðihanntekitmálþeiraá. sinnvarnað);(2) warning,caution;láta sérannarsvítiatvarnaðiverða, tobe warnedbyanother’swoe;bjóða,setjaemvarnaððe-u, tobidonebewareofa thing;margirhlutirvóruþartilvarnaðar mæltir, wereforbidden;(3) wares,goods (Egilllétuppsetjaskipsínokfœravarnað til staðar); (4) household people. varnan, f. warning, caution. varnar-,gen.from‘vörn’; -aðili,m. defendantinasuit,opp.to‘sóknar-aðili’; -eiðr,m., -gögn,n.pl., -kviðr,m. oath,evidence,verdictforthedefence; -lauss,a. defenceless; -maðr,m. defender.

varningr, m. wares, goods, cargo. var-orðr,a. waryinone’swords,discreet; cf. ‘varmæltr’.

varp, n. casting, throwing, of a net. varpa (að),v. tocast,throw,withdat. (v.frásérkyrtlinum);v.öndinni, todraw a deep breath. varpa, f. fishing-net. varr (vör.vart),a.(1) aware;verðae-s v.,verðav.viðe-t, tobeawareof,learn, hear;gerae-nvaranviðe-t, towarnaperson;geravartviðe-t, todrawattentionto athing;(2) wary,cautious;verav.umsik, tobeonone’sguard;v.viðe-t, onone ’ s guard against. varr-simi, m. the wake of a ship.

vart,adv.(1) scantily,poorly (konurv. búnar); (2) scarcely. varta, f. wart (þat tekr af vörtur).

vartari, m. strap, thong. var-úð,f. precaution;gjaldavarúðvið e-u, to beware of. varúðar-mál, n. pl. warning words. var-úðigr, a. wary, cautious. varúð-liga, adv. warily. varzla,f. surety,caution,guarantee; gangaívörzlufyrire-n, tobecomesurety for one. vasast (að),v.refl.,v.íe-u, tobeentangedin,meddlewithorinathing (eigi vil ek v. í slíku).

vaska (að),v. towashthehead,with dat. (v. höfði, honum, sér).

vask-leikr,m. bravery,valour; -liga, adv. valiantly; -ligr,a. ofbraveorgallant bearing.

vaskr,a. manly,valiant (þúertmaðrv. ok vel at þér).

vatn (gen. vatris or vatz),n.(1) water,freshwater (sprattþarv.upp);sól gengratvatni, thesunsetsinthesea;(2) fears (vatnitforniðreptirkjálkanumá honum);haldavatni, toforbearweeping; (3) lake (Mjörsersvámikitvatn,atlíkara ersjó);(4)pl.,vötn, largerivers (hnigu heilög vötn af Himin-fjöllum).

vatna (að),v.(1) towater (v.hestum, fénaði);(2) tofastonwater,=vatnfasta; (3)impers.,landvatnar, thelanddisappearsunderthe(horizonat)sea (þeir siglduþrjádagatilþesserlanditvarvatnat).

vatna-djúp,n. abyss; -gangr,m. inundation,overflow,fallofrain; -hlaup, n. floods,rushingforthofwaters; -vöxtr, m. swellingofwaters; -þytr,m. soundof falling waters.

vatn-beri,m.=vatnsberi; -bólginn, a. dropsical; -dauðr,a. drownedinfresh water; -dragari,m. water-carrier; -dragi,m. water-carrier; -fall,n.(1) stream, river (svámikit-fallsemáinNiðer);(2) torrentsofrain (-fallfylgdihérsvámikit órlopti,at); -fátt,a.n. shortofwater; fá-fátt, tobecomeshortofwater; -fasta (að),v. tofastonwater; -fasta,f. ‘waterfast’; -fiskr,m. fresh-waterfish; -gangr,m. swellingofwater; -kakki,m. water-butt; -karl,m. jug; -kálfr,m. dropsy; -ker, -kerald,n. water-vessel; -lauss,a.=vatnslauss; -ormr,m. water-serpent; -rás, f. = vatnsrás.

vatns-bakki,m. bankorshoreofalake; -beri,m. water-bearer,Aquarius; -botn, m. upperendofalake; -burðr,m. carryingwater; -drykkr,m. drinkofwater; -endi,m. endofalake; -fall,n.=vatnfall; -farvegr,m. bedofariver; -fata,f. water-pail; -hríð,f. heavyshowerofrain withwind; -íss,m. iceonalake; -ker, n. water-vessel; -kerald,n. water-vessel; -lauss,a. waterless; -skírn,f. baptismin water; -skortr,m. lackofwater; -óss, m. mouthofalake (connectedwiththe sea); -rás,f. water-course; -sótt,f. dropsy; -strönd,f. bankofalake; -støkkull,m. abrushforsprinklingwater; -veita,f. draintrench,aqueduct; -vígsla,f. consecrationofwater; -vík,f. creek in a lake; -æðr, f. vein of water. vatta (að), v. to grasp with gloves. vatz-, = vatns-, vaz-. vax, n. wax (bráðna sem v. við eld).

vaxa (vex; óx or vóx, óxum or uxum; vaxinn),v.(1) towax,grow (hannheyrir þatergrasvexájörðu);v.upp, togrow up (þáerhannóxupp);honumvóxeigi skegg, nobeardgrewonhischin;(2)v.e-

u, tobeovergrownwith (hrísivexokhávu grasivegr,ervætkitreðr);(3) towax,increase (veðr,vindrvex);þáerhonumóx aldr, whenhegrewolder;e-mvexe-tí augu, athinggrowsbiginone’seyes;(4) togrowgreaterinfame (Sigurðrkonungr þótti v. mikit af þessi veiziu).

vax-blys, n. wax-torch. vaxinn,pp.(1) grownup (v.maðr);(2) overgrownwith (grasi,skógi,viði,reyri v.);(3) shapen,formed (Nóregrerv.með þremoddum);sváerviðvaxit, thematter stands so.

vax-kerti,n. wax-candle,wax-light; -ljós,n. wax-candle,wax-light; -spjald, n. wax-tablet, for writing on. vaxta-lauss,a. withoutincreaseorinterest.

vaxt-samr, a. fruitful, productive. vaz-,(=vats-)thecommonspellingfor ‘vatns-’.

vaztir,f.pl. fishing-bank (áþærv.,er hann var vanr at sitja).

vá (gen. vár),f. woe,calamity,danger; þaterlítilvá, ’tisnogreatharm;e-m bregðrváfyrirgrön, onegetsasudden fright (bráþeimváfyrirgrön,erþeirsá Birkibeina).

vá, f. nook, corner = vrá. vá (váða),v. toblame (úkynnisþessvár þik engi maðr).

vá-beiða,f. anevil-bodingmonster; -brestr,m. asuddenevil-bodingcrashor sound; -böl, n. an unlooked for calamity. váð (pl. -ar),f.(1) stuff,clothasitleaves theloom (satþarkona,sveigðirokk,bjó tilváðar);(2) fishing-net;(3)pl.,váðir, clothes (váðirmfnargafektveimr trémönnum).

váða-hark,n. terriblenoise; -kuldi, m. perilouscold; -ligr,a. scatheful,per-

ilous; -samligr,a.=-ligr; -verk,n. accidentaldeed,ofanunintentionalharminflicted.

váð-áss,m. apoletohangclotheson; -hœfr, a. fit for sail (-hœft veðr).

váði,m. scathe,danger,peril,ofextremesuddendanger(mérþykkirvið váðabúit,ef);stýrae-mtilensmesta, váða, to expose one to the greatest danger. váð-ker,n. atubinwhichclothesare stampedortrodden; -meiðr,m. clothespole = -áss.

váð-veifliga, adv. suddenly.

váð-verk, n. cloth-making. váð-vænligr,a. perilous; -vænn,a. fraughtwithdanger;straumarváðvænir, dangerous currents.

váfa (-ða),v. toswing,vibratetoand fro, hang; v. yfir, to be impending. váfa, f. ghost, spectre, shade.

vág,f.(1) balance,scales (hannbiðr Gillatakavágina);(2) weight (v.minaf gulli).

vága (að), v. to dare, venture. vá-gestr, m. dangerous guest. vág-föll,n.pl. therunningofblood and matter from a sore.

vág-glati, m. destruction.

vág-marr, m. ‘wave-steed’, ship. vágr (-s, -ar),m.(1) wave,sea;(2) creek, bay; (3) matter from a sore. vág-rek,n. wreck,goodsdriftedashore (skyldi þat -rek heita).

vágs-botn, m. inner end of a bay. vág-skorinn, pp. indented with bays. vála (að), v. to wail. válat,n. misery,destitution (hóngrét mjök fátœki sitt ok v.).

válaðr,a. wretched,indigent,distressed (vesall ok v. ok fátœkr).

vá-ligr,a. hurtful,harmful (spyrjaer

bezttilváligraþegna); -lítill,a.(1) harmless,doingsmallharm;(2) verylittle, veryshort,oftime; -ljúgr,m. disappointment (núermérorðinn-ljúgratþeim átrúnaði).

válka,n. tossingtoandfro,esp.atsea (fekk harm þá v. mikit).

válka (að),v.(1) totosstoandfro,drag withoneself (eigihœfirsvágömlumkarli atv.svávænamey);(2)v.e-tfyrirsér, v.e-tíhugnum, toponderover;(3)refl., válkastíe-u, towallowin (þeirhöfðu válkazt í róðru ok blóði).

vá-lyndi,n. ill-will; -lyndr,a. ill-natured, scatheful. váma, f. qualm, ailment. vámr, m. a loathsome person. ván (pl. -ir),f. hope,expectation, prospect;mérerv.,at, Iexpectthat;erv. e-s, itistobeexpected;sliksvarv., this wastobelookedfor;þeimvarillsvánat Þór, theyapprehendedevilfromTh.;sem hannhafðiáðrsagtáván, ashehadgiventounderstand;semv.varat, aswasto beexpected;vitasérengisóttavánir, to apprehendnodanger;konungsvarþangat v., thekingwasexpectedthere;e-tstendrtilvánar, itbidsfair;e-teratvánum, itiswhatcouldbelookedfor (okerþat atvánumviðskaplyndiÞorgeirs);vitav. tile-s, toexpect;hannvissiengav.,at, hehadnoexpectationthat;eigabarní vánum, tohaveachildinprospect;dragae-tív., toholdoutaprospectof;mörgumþykkirfyrirv.komit, manythinkit ispastallhope;þáerallarvánirvóru rannsakaðar, whenalllikelyplaceswere searched;dat.,vánu,withcompar.,vánu bráðara,skjótara, soonerthanexpected; vánu verr, worse than might be expected. vána (að),v. tohope,lookfor,expect,=

vánar-lauss V vár-dagar

vænta (ek vána, at góð verði þessi ferð).

vánar-lauss,a. hopeless; -maðr,m. (1) apersonwhohasaprospectofbeing saved;(2) almsman,beggar; -völr,m. beggar’s staff (bera -völ).

ván-biðill,m. awooerwaitingforan answer.

vándr,a.(1) bad,wretched (ívándum klæðum);(2) bad,wicked (v.hefiekverit, en aldri hefi ek þjófr verit).

vándska,f., vánd-skapr,m. wickedness; evil conduct. vánds-liga,adv. badly; -ligr,a. bad, wicked; harmful. ván-leysi,n. hopelessness; -ligr,a. likely,tobeexpected; -lygi,m. frustration of hope, disappointment. vápn,n. weapon (vórusumirvápnum vegnir, sumir grýttir til bana).

vápna (að),v. tofurnishwitharms;v. sik, toarmoneself;refl.,vápnast, totake one ’ s arms. vápna-afli,m. storesofarms; -bit,n. ‘weapon-bite’,wound; -brak,n. dinof arms; -burðr,m.(1) carryingofarms (þá varsválítill-burðr,ateinvarstálhúfa þááalþingi);(2) fray,showerofweapons inbattle;barfyrirútanþatskip-burð heiðingja, theirmissilesfelloutsidethe ship; -búnaðr,m. equipmentofarms,armour; -búningr,m. equipmentofarms, armour; -gangr,m.(1) clashofweapons; (2) showerofmissiles; -glam,n., -gnýr, m. clashofweapons; -kista,f. arm-chest; -mót,n. fight,battle; -samankváma,f. meetingofweapons,battle; -skipti,n.(1) exchangeofweapons;(2) exchangeof blows (ossmunuöll-skiptiþungtganga); -staðr,m.(1) aplacewhereonemaybe wounded (sjáberan-staðáe-m);(2) weapon-mark,wound; -stefna,f.=

-þing; -tak,n.(1) weapon-grasping,used toexpressconsentbywavingorbrandishingtheweapons (œptuuppallirmeð-taki,atþeirskyldiallirveraútlagir);gera -takate-u, topassaresolutionatapublic assembly;(2) intheIcel.parliament,the breakingupofthesession,whenthemen resumedtheirweapons (þatheitir-tak,er alþýðariðrafalþingi);(3)=-þing; -viðskipti,n.=-skipti; -þing,n. muster,wapenshaw (ummorgininnátti konungr -þing ok kannaði lið sitt).

vápn-bitinn,pp. deadbythesword; -dauðr,a. weapon-dead,=-bitinn; -djarfr,a. gallant; -fimi,f. skillinarms; -fimr,a. dexterousinarms; -fœrr,a. (1) abletobeararms (M.hafðisamnat hverjummanni,er-fœrrvar);(2) fitasa weapon; -föt,n.pl. armour; -göfigr,a. gloriousinarms; -hanzki,m. warglove; -hestr,m. war-horse; -hœfr,a. fitfor, manageable,asaweapon; -lauss,a. weaponless,unarmed; -rokkr,m. coat wornabovearmour; -slœgr,a.=-fimr; -steinn,m. stoneusedasaweapon; -sœkja,v. toattack; -söngr,m. clashof arms; -vana, a. indecl. = -lauss. vár, f. one of the goddesses. vár,n. spring;umvárit,ávárin, inthe spring (ávárin,erísaleysir);ívár, last spring. vára (að),v. tobecomespring;impers. (þáerváraði;erváratók);refl.,ener viraðist,gerðisthannhljóðrmjök, when spring came, he grew very silent. várar,f.pl. solemnvow,oath;Helgiá Sváfaveittustv., H.andS.plightedtheir faith;armrerváravargr, wretchedisthe faith-breaker. vár-dagar,m.pl. springdays; -ferill,m. spring-traveller; -gæra,f. spring-

fleece.

vár-kunn,f.(1) whatistobeexcused; erþatnókkur-kunn,atþúverðirosseigi atliði, thereissomeexcusefortheefornot helpingus;(2) compassion,pity; -kunna, v. to excuse, pity, = -kynna. várkunnar-bragt,n.=-verk; -hugr, m. compassionatemind; -lauss,a.(1) unmerciful;(2) inexcusable; -leysi,n. mercilessness; -verk, n. excusable deed. várkunnigr,a. merciful,forbearing, compassionate. várkunn-látr,a. forbearing;verasér -látrume-t, toexcuseoneself; -ligr,a. excusable; -leati, n. forbearance, mercy. vár-kynd,f.=-kunn; -kynna (-da,-t), v. (1) to excuse; (2) to pity. vár-langr,a. aslongasinspring; -ligr, a. belonging to the spring. várr,poss.pron. our;sáv.,er, theone ofuswho;skipihvertvártstýrði eachofus steeredhisownship;fundirvárir(-okkrir) Hákonar, the meeting of H. and myself. vár-tíð,f., -tími,m. spring-tide, spring-time; -víking,f. freebootingexpeditioninspring; -yrkja (-ta, -t),v. todo thespring-work,inahousehold; -þing,n. spring; -önn, f. spring-work. vás,n. toil,fatigue,frombadweather (þolav.okerfiði); -búð,f.=vás(varþar hörðvásbúð); -ferð, -för,f. wet(rough) journey. vá-sjaldan, adv. very seldom. vá-skapaðr,m. mischief-maker; -skeytr, a. fickle, shifty. vás-klæði,n.pl. bad-weatherclothes; -kufl,m. rain-cloak; -kyrtill,m.= -kufl; -samr,a. wetandtoilsome; -stakkr, m. = -kufl. vá-stigr, m. woeful path. vás-verk,n. wetwork; -viðri,n. bad

weather.

váta-drífa,f. fallofsleet; -reykr,m. wet reek, steam. vát-fœrr,a. wettopass,ofaroad; -lendi, n. wet sail. vátr, a. wet (þeir vóru vátir mjök).

vátta (að), v. to witness, affirm. vátta-laust, adv. without witnesses. vátt-bærr,a. admissibleasawitness; -lauss,a. unwitnessed; -nefna,f. calling witnesses; -næmdr,pp. attestedbywitnesses; -orð, n. evidence, testimony. váttr (-s, -ar),m. witness (hafavátta við, nefna vátta).

vátt-visi, f. testimony. vátviðra-samr,a. wet (sumarþetta var illt ok -samt).

vát-viðri,n. wetweather (þágerirá skúr mikla ok -viðri).

vá-veifi,n. fearfulsuddenness; -veifis, adv. all of a sudden. váveif-liga,adv. suddenly; -ligr,a. sudden (-ligr hlutir).

vé,n.(1) mansion,house;byggjavé goða, todwellinthehomesofthegods;(2) temple, sanctuary (vega víg í véum).

vé, n. pl. standard (poet.).

vear, m. pl. the gods (poet.).

vé-bönd,n.pl. theropesfastenedto stakes (heslistengr) bywhichthecourtwas surrounded. veð (gen.pl. veðja),n. pledge,surety; setjae-tív.,atveði, topledge,givein pledge;hannbauðatveðiallaeignsína, heofferedallhispropertyasapledge;leysa (út)v., toredeemapledge;hafae-tíveði, tohaveatstake;veraíveði, tobeatstake (líf mitt er í veði).

veð-bróðir,m. aplightedbrother,confederate; -fé,n. abetorwager;dœmdu þeir,atdvergrinnætti-féit, thatthe

dwarf had won the wager.

veðja (að),v. tostakeinawager,with dat.;þúveðjaðiLokihöfðisínuviðþann dverg, thenL.wageredhisheadwiththat dwarf;v.umviðe-n, tolayawagerwith one (búinnemekatv.umviðþik,atek mun finna ljótara fót).

veðjan, f. wagering, betting. veð-máli,m. pledge,mortgage; -mæla (-ta, -tr),v. todemandas,bindbya pledge.

veðr,n.(1) weather (gott,illt);(2) wind (tókatlægjaveðrit);sigla(stýra)ív.em, togettothewind-wardofone,takethe windoutofhissail;(3) quarter,tack;veifði hannrœðiannarsveðrstil, hesteered roundwithhisoarontheothertack;(4) thelowerair (þettasmiðivarsvámikit vorðit,atþattókuppórveðrum);v.rauf upp, theairclearedup;(5) wind,scent; bersihafðiv.afmanninum, thebearhad windoftheman,scentedhim;komastvið veðri, tobescented,rumoured;látakoma v.áe-nume-t, toletonegetscentof, throwouthintstooneaboutathing; staðarmennmæltumjöká.v., hinted broadly.

veðr (gen. -rs and -rar,pl. -rar),m. (1) wether; (2) battering-ram. veðra-bálkr,m. continuousstormy weather; -bati,m. animprovementinthe weather (heita til -bata).

veðrar-horn, n. a wether’s horn. veðrátta, f. (state of the) weather.

veðr-belgr,m. weather-bag; -blaka, f. breathofwind; -dagr,m.,einntíma er-dagrvargóðr, onefineday; -eygr, a. weather-wise; -fall,n. condition(set) ofthewind; -fastr,a. weather-bound; -gnýr,m. gustofwind; -góðr,a. with amildclimate (land-gott); -harðr,a.

markedbyhardweather (haust-hart); -himinn,m. atmosphere; -kœnn,a. skilfulinforecastingtheweather,weatherwise; -leikr,m.=veðrátta; -lítill,a. calm,light,ofwind; -sjúkr,a. anxious abouttheweather; -spár,a. weatherwise; -stáða,f. directionofthewind; -sæll,a. blessedwithgoodweather; -vana,a.indecl. lackingfavourablewind; -vandr,a. nice as to weather; -viti, m. vane. veð-setja,v.(1) topawn.mortgage (setjajarðirsínar);(2) tohazard,stake (setjasikokfésitt);-setjasikíþettamál, to pleage oneself to (take part in) this case. vefa (vef; vaf, váfum, vófam, ófum; ofinn, vofinn),v.(1) toweave (v.vef, dúk); (2) to plait, twist (v. vandlaup).

vé-fang,n. divisionordisagreementin court; -fengja (-da, -dr),v. tobring abouta véfang, dividethecourtinasuit (þeirmunuokætlaat-fengjabrennumálit).

vefja (vef; vafða; vafiðr, vafðr, vafinn),v.(1) towrap,fold;v.e-uum höfuðsér,athöfðie-m, towrapitround one’shead;hanntókvaðmálokvafðiat sér, andwrappeditroundhimself;v.e-t saman, tofoldorwrapittogether (vóru þarmargirtötrarsamanvafðir);v.e-te-u (íe-u,meðe-u), towrapitupinathing (barnitvarvafitídúki);meðal-kafligulli vafiðr, asword-haftwoundwithgold;(2) to entangle,embroil (þúlætrEgilv.öllmál fyrirþér);(3)refl.,vefjast, tobewrapped (v.umfœtre-m) tostraggle (hrossin höfðuvafiztíeinulœkjarfari); tobeentangled (vefjast í áhyggjum).

veðjar-möttull,m. acostlywoven mantle,cloak; -skikkja,f. acostlywoven mantle, cloak; -stofa, f. weaving-room. vefnaðr (gen. -ar),m. weaving,woven

stuff.

vef-nistingar, f. pl. sails (poet.). vefr (-jar, -ir),m.(1) awebinthe loom; (2) woven cloth (dýrir vefir).

veftr, m. (1) woof, weft; (2) cloth. vega (veg; vá, vágum; veginn),v.(1) tolift (hannvegrheyituppáherðarsé); v.e-nábál, toliftoneonthefuneralfire; v.e-nórskógi, toinlawone;(2) toweigh (verðumvératleitaatskálum,okv. hringinn);fig.,skalyðrengiveratraustarivin,þottþérvegitþatlífit, thoughye esteemitlittle;(3) toweigh,beofweikht (hverthaglkornváeyri);(4) tofence,fight (smite)withaweapon (hannvásváskjótt meðsverði,atþrúþóttuáloptiatsjá);(5) v.ate-m, toattackone,fightagainstone (ungrskalatungumvega);(6) togainby fighting;v.sigr, togainthevictory;v.sigr áe-m, toovercome,beat,vanquish;v.til landa, towinlandweaponinhand;(7) to smite,slay,kill;v.mann,v.víg, toslaya man;(8)refl.,þatsverð,ersjálftmunvegast, theswordthatwillfightofitseff;vást meirráhlutGrikkja, theGreekslostmore men; recipr., vegast, to slay one another. vega-bót,f. way-mending; -mót,n.pl. meeting of roads. vegandi (pl. -endr),m. slayer,killer (ef v. beiðir sér griða).

veg-farandi (pl. -endr), m. wayfarer. vegg-berg,n., -hamarr,m. steepprecipitous rock. veg-girni, f. ambition, vanity. veggjaðr,pp. walled (veggjaðarok vígskerðar borgir).

veg-gjarn,a. ambitious,vainglorious (fégjarn ok veggjarn).

veggr (gen. -jar and -s,pl. -ir),m. wall (hlaðavegg);fig.,varlágrv.undir solina, the sun was low above the horizon.

vegg-sleginn,pp. wedge-formed (øx -slegin ok þykk).

vegg-þili,n. wainscoting (veggþilivóru tjölduð með fögrum skjöldum).

veg-látr,a. stately,high-minded; -liga,adv. nobly,magnificently; -ligr, a. grand,magnificent; -lyndi,n. generosity; -lyndr,a. generous,high-minded; -mannligr,a. magnicent; -mensks,f. noble manners, generosity. veg-móðr, a. tired of the journey. vegna (að),v. toproceed,go (v.vel,illa);þeimhafðiillavegnat, theyhaddone badly, had bad luck. vegna,gen.pl.(1)tveggjav., on(from) twosides (sœkjaþeirnúathonumtveggja v.);(2)á(or af)v.e-s, onone’sbehalf, alsosimply,v.e-s, onone ’saccountorbehalf,onthepartof;minna(várra)v., on my (our) behalf. veg-nest, n. traveling provisions. vegr (gen. -ar and -s;pl. -ir and -ar, acc. -u and -a),m.(1) way,road (ávegum úti);(2)fig.phrases,komae-utilvegar, tobringabout;faratilvegar, togo,proceed (ekkimunþérum,atkenna,hversusem tilvegarferr);ganga(koma)tilvegar, to cometoanissue,bedecided (gekkþatok eigitilvegar);geraendiliganvegámáli, tobringittoanissue;vendasínumvegi, towendone’sway;(3) way,mode,manner; þessirmennmunusœkjaossmeðeldi, erþeirmegueigiannanveg, iftheycannot(getatus)inanyotherway;einnveg, oneway,inthesameway;annanveg, other-wise (erannanvegenekhygg);þann veg, thus,inthatwise (þettaerekkiþann vegatskilja);hvernveg, how (eigiveitek hvernvegþámunverða);þóttisinnveg hvárum, eachofthetwohadhisownopinion,theydisagreed;áallavega, inevery

way,manner,respect;ámargavega, in manyways;(4) direction;allavega, inall directions,onallsides (kváðuviðlúðrar allavegaíbrautfráþeim);skjótannan veg, inanotherdirection;snúahverrsíns vegar, eachhisownway,indifferentdirections;flýjaviðsvegar, tofleescattered about;(5) side,hand;einsvegar, onone side (vareinsvegarsjór);áhœgra(vinstra)vege-u, ontheright(left)handof; tvá vega, on two sides. vegr (gen. -s),m. honour,distinction (eryðrþatv.mikill);tilvegsguði, tothe glory of God. vegr, f. pl. levers, see ‘vög’. veg-sama (að),v. tohonour,glorify; -samliga,adv. honourably,gloriously (taka-samligaviðe-m); -samligr,a. glorious (-samligveizla); -semd,f. glory,honour (veitae-mheiðrok-semd); -skarð, n. a flaw in one’s honour. vegs-kona,f. statelylady (A.var-kona mikil); -munir,m.pl. honours,credit, fame; -þjónasta, f. honourable service. veg-tjón,n. discredit; -tylla,f. a scrap of honour.

veg-víss, a. acquainted with the road. veg-þurðr,m. impairmentofhonour (vegðurðr eða sœmdarspell).

vei,interj. woe,withdat.,v.ermér, woe is me! v. verði yðr, woe to you! veiða (-dda, -ddr),v.(1) tocatch,hunt (v.rauðdýri,hreina,fugla);v.fisk, to catchfish;(2) tohuntdownanenemy;fá e-n veiddan, to get one hunted down. veiðar-efni,n. chanceofagoodcatch; -fœri, -tœki,n. hunting-gear,fishinggear. veiði-bráðr,a. eagertomakeacatch (veraof-bráðr); -dýr,n. deer,game; -fang,n. catch,haul; -fangi,m. catch,

haul; -ferð,f. afishingorhuntingexpedition; -för,f. afishingorhuntingexpedition; -gögn,n.pl. fishing-tackle; -horn, n. hunting-horn; -hundr,m. hound; -kona,f. fisherwoman,huntress; -konungr,m. huntingking,anickname; -ligr,a. promisingagoodcatch; -maðr, m. hunter,fowler,fisher; -mannligr,a. hunter-like; -matr,m. meat(food)from game or fishing; -mörk, f. hunting-forest. veiðinn,a. expertinfishingorcatching (allra manna veiðnastr).

veiði-skapr,m. acatchinhuntingor fishing;róaat-skap, torowouttofish; munumvéreigiþurfa-skapatkaupa, tobuyfish; -spell,n. spoilingthecatch (gera-spell); -staða,f. fishing-place, hunting-ground; -stóð,f. fishing-place, hunting-ground; -vatn,n. fishinglake; -ván,f. pospectofacatch; -vélar,f.pl. traps or devices used in hunting or fishing. veiðr (gen. -ar,dat.andacc. -i;pl. -ar),f. huntingfishing,catch (öllv.fugl okfiska);faraáveiðar, togoouthunting; íhonum.erþóveiðrinmeiri, stillthereis bigger game in him. veifa (-ða, -t),v. towave,swing (veifði hannMjöllnimorðgjörnumfram);veifði hannrœði, hepulledtheoar;refl.,veifast umlausumhala, to‘wagaloosetail’,be free to do as one pleases. veifi-skati,m. spendthrift;engi-skati, rather close-fisted. veig (pl. -ar),f.(1) strongbeverage, drink (hannskaldrekkadýrarveigar);(2) pith,strength (fórþatlíðaptr,erhonum, þótti minni veig í).

veigaðr, a. brocaded (?). veik-dómr,m. weakness,infirmity; -leikr,m. weakness,infirmity; -ligr,a. weakly.

veikr, a. weak (hornbogi v.).

veilindi, n. disease, ailment. veill,a.(1) ailing,diseased (veilláfótum); (2) wretched. veina (að),v. towail (hannveinaði mjök, er hann hafði misst konu sína).

veinan, f. wailing (óp ok v.). veisa,f. pool,pondofstagnantwater (var v. ein yfir at fara).

veita (-tta, -ttr),v.(1) togrant,give (v.e-mlíð,hjálp,huggun,grið,trygðir); (2) tohelp,assist,standbyone (þeirveittu Gizurihvítaíhverjumáli);(3) togrant, permit (Þ.beiddistatsjágripina,okþat veittihónhenni);v.e-mbœn, togrant onearequest;(4)v.veizlu, togiveafeast; v.brúðkaupe-s, toholdawedding;v.útferðe-s, toholdafuneralfeast;alsoabsol. togiveafeastorentertainment (v.stórmannliga,meðinnimesturausn);(5) to entertain,treat (konungrveitti sveitungumsínum);(6) tosustain,support anindigentperson(síraHafliðiveittiþessigóðukonuallttildauðadags);(7) ofaperformance;v.e-uáhald, tolayhold on;v.atfór,heimferðate-m, tomakean expeditionagainstone;v.e-matsókn, to allack;v.e-máverka, toinflictawound on;v.e-meptirför, topursueone;(8)etveitire-mþungt,erfitt, itproveshard, difficultforone (Dönumveittiþungtatsóknin);impers.,keisaranumveitti þungt, theemperorhadtheluckagainst him;e-tveitirerfitt, itishardwork;Geirmundiveittibetr, G.gotthebetterofit, carriedtheday;(9) tohappen (þatveitir sjaldan,optliga,stundum);(10)recipr., veitastat, tobackoneanother (vitEgill munumnúv.at);þeirveittustatöllum málum, theystoodbyoneanotherinall suits.

veita (-tta, -ttr),v. toconvey,lead (water),withacc.ordat.(v.vatnorvatni);v.ánniórenumfornafarveg, todiverttheriverfromitsoldcourse;impers., veitirvatntilsjóvar, theriverstrendtowards the sea.

veita,f.(1) draining;(2) ditch; trench; (3) = veiti-engi.

veitall,a. givingfreely,generous (v.af peningum).

veitandi (pl. -endr),m.(1) giver;(2) helper,supporter (margirvóruveitendrat málum með þorbirni).

veitari, m. giver, donor. veiti-engi, n. a trenched meadow. veiting, f. grant, gift. veizla,f.(1) grant,gift,allowance;(2) help,assistance,backing,=lið-veizla;(3) feast,banquet (veizlanfórvelfram,ok varveittmeðmiklumkostnaði);(4) the receptionorentertainment tobegivento theNorsekingbyhislandedmen(lendir menn)andstewards(ármenn),andto thebishopbythepriests;thekingwas saidto‘faraatveizlum,takaveizlur’;(5) aroyalgrant,revenue (fekkkonungrhonumveizlurmiklar);hannhafðiáðrhaft allasýslunasumaatveizlu,ensumaat léni, partly as a grant, partly as a fief. veizlu-búnaðr,m. preparationfora feast; -dagr,m. banquet-day; -fall,n. failureofafeast; -fé,n. fee,moneypaidin lieuof veizla; -gjald,n. fee,moneypaid inlieuof veizla; -gørð,f. feast-giving; -höll,f. banqueting-hall; -maðr,m. one sustained,supportedbyanother (E.kveðst ekkiþurfaatverahans-maðr); -skáli, m.=-höll; -spjóll,n.pl. thespoilingof afeast (gera-spjóll); -stofa,f.=-höll; -sveinn,m. aladsupportedbyone; -taka, f. the receiving of a veizla.

vekja (vek; vakta; vakiðr, vaktr, vakinn),v.(1) towaken,rousefromsleep (þorðiengiatv.hann);(2) tostir,rouse (gørþúeigiþat,sonminn,atþúvekirþá, erþeirhafaáðrfráhorfit);(3) tocause, begin (v.víg,styrjöld);(4)v.upp, towaken,rouse (H.vaktiuppallaheimamenn sína);fig.,hannvaktiupptváboðamikla;(5) tostart(broach)aquestion (E.vakti þatmálviðÞórólf);v.tile-s(orv.til ume-t)viðe-n, toraisethequestion,introducethementionofathingwithone (S.konungrvaktiþátilumeyrendisitt viðSigurðjarl);(6) tomaketoflow;v. sérblóð, tomakeone’sbloodflow,opena vein (núvekjaþeirsérblóðoklátarenna samandreyrasinn);verjumhendrvárar, efþeirvekjafyrriviðoss, iftheybethe first to quarrel with us. vekra (að), v. to freshen up, rouse. vel,adv.(1) well (takav.viðe-m);v.í vexti, well-grown,well-shapen;verav.til e-s, tobekindtoone;mérgefrvelatskilja, Iunderstandquitewell;(2) easily (þat mættiv.verðaþinnbani);(3) fully,amply,largely (v.vegnarfimmmerkr);faðir hennarhafðiv.fé, plentyofmoney;intensive,withadj.;v.flestir, themostpart; v.mikill, rathergreat;v.tuttugumenn, twentyandupwards;hundraðmannaeða v. svá, a hundred or fully that. vél (pl. -ar),f.(1) artifice,craft,device; gørvavélartile-s, tocontrivesometrickto obtainathing;viðvélar, withartifice,cunningly;dragav.ate-m,beitae-nvélum, touseguiletowardsone,dealcunningly withone;(2) apparatus,machine;véltil attakafiska, acontrivancetocatchfish; vélermennkallaveðr, anenginethatis called a battering ram. véla (-ta, -tr),v.(1) defraud,betray

(illtervinv.þannsþérveltrúir);v.frá honumsverðit, togettheswordfromhim (bytricks);ekvéltahannórviti, Iwiled himoutofhiswit;(2)v.ume-t, todeal with,bebusywith;torveldligrumatv., difficult to deal with. véla-kaup,n. fraudulentbargain; -lauss,a. guileless; -maðr,m. fraudulent or deceitfulperson; -samliga,adv. guilefully, craflily. vel-borinn,pp., -burðugr,a. wellborn, noble. veldi,n.(1) power (meðmikluv.);(2) empire; Dana-veldi, Denmark. veldis-engill,m. archangel; -hringr,m. haleroundtheheadofa saint; -stóll,m. throne; -sæti,n. throne; -vöndr, m. sceptre. vélendi, n. gullet, esophagus. vélendis-gangr, m. belching. vel-farandi,m., velfarar-minni, n. farewell cup (drekka -faranda, -minni). vel-ferð,f. well-doing,welfare; -ferðugr, a. well-behaved, righteous. vél-fimi, -finni, f. artifice. vel-gørð, -gørning,f., -gørningr, m. benefit,goodness (hannþakkaðihonum -gørning sinn).

velgja (-da, -dr), v. to warm. véli,n. birdstail; -fiðri,n. tail-feathers; -fjöðr, f. tail-feather. vélindi, n. pl. tricks (gera e-m v.). vélinn, a. wily, guileful. véli-stuttr, a. short-tailed, of a bird. velja (vel; valda; valiðr, valdr, valinn),v. tochoose,select,pickout (v. e-ntilfylgdarviðsik);v.ume-t, tochoose between;ergottumatv., thereisplenty ofchoice;eigaumtvákostiatv., tohave twoalternativestochoosebetween;v.e-m hæðilig(hörð)orð, tospeakignominiously

to(orof)one;hafavalitlíð, tohavepicked troops;refl.,veljasttile-s, tocomeforward (völdustmargirgöfgirmenntilþessar ferðar).

velkja (-ta, -tr),v.(1) totossabout (þeirvelktuTumalengi);impers.,velkir e-níhafi, oneistossedaboutonthesea; refl.,velkjastúti, tobetossedaboutonthe sea;(2) toponderover,consider;hannsér, ateigimundugaatv.ráðit, towaver,hesitate;v.e-tfyrirsér, toturnover,revolve, a thing in one’s mind. vel-kominn,pp. welcome (biðjae-nvera -kominn).

vell, n. gold; poet. and in compds. vella (vell; vall, ullum; ollinn), v.(1) tobeinastateofebullition,boil (rigndiblóðivellanda);(2) towellup, swarm;v.möðkum, toswarmwithworms; ullu út ór ormar, worms swarmed out. vella (-da, -dr),v. toprepareorcookby boiling (v. lauk ok grös).

vella, f. boiling heat, ebullition.

vell-auðigr,a. richingold,immensely rich (maðr -auðigr).

vél-lauss,a. guileless;at-lausu,-laust, without fraud.

vell-heitr, a. boiling hot. vellingr, m. pottage. vel-lyndr,a. well-minded; -menning, f. good upbringing. vél-óttr,a. wily,tricky; -prettr,m. wilytricky; -ráðr,a. wily; -ræði,n. guilefuldesign,deceitfulact; -samligr,a. guileful (með-samligriflærð); -samr,a. wily.

vel-setning,f. well-doing,goodposition; -spár,a. goodatsoothsaying (völva -spá).

vél-stuttr, a. short-tailed. velta (velt; valt, ultum; oltinn),

v. toroll,tumbleover (ultubáðirofanfyrir brekkuna);impers.,veltrtilvanda, it goesasusual (okvalttilvanda,atbœndr flýðu).

velta (-lta, -ltr),v. toroll,setrolling, withdat.(v.mannabúkumfráfótumjarli);impers.,þvínæstveltiskipinu, she capsized;refl.,veltast, toturnoneself,revolve (sólveltistumáttaættir);hestrinn veltistumtólfsinnum, thehorserolleditselfover;veltastórkonungdómi,jarldómi, togiveupone’skingdom,earldom (veltisthannþáórjarldómioktókhöldsrétt).

velti-ligr, a. rolling (-ligt hjól).

velting (pl. -ar), f. rolling, rotation. vel-viljaðr, -viljugr, a. benevolent. venda (-nda, -ndr),v.(1) towend,turn (vendiS.aptrherinum);v.sínumvegi, to wendonesway (hannvendirsínumvegi austrtillandsenda);(2) tochange,convert (guðvendiþvíoksneritilgóðs);(3)absol., toturn (þeirvenduþááþatfjall,er kallaterVazfell);v.aptr, toreturn (vendi hann aptr sömu leið).

venda (að),v. tochange,alter (v.siðum sínum).

vendi-liga,adv.(1) carefully (spyrja -ligaate-u);segja-ligafrátíðindum, to tellminutely;(2) quite,entirely (svávar -ligauppgengitalitlausaféhans); -ligr, a. careful. vengi, n. pillow, cushion. venja (van; vanda; vandr and vaninn),v.(1) toaccustom (v.e-ne-u or viðe-t)v.hannviðíþróttirokhæversku, toteachhim,trainhimin;v.barnaf brjósti, toweanachild (þávarhannaf brjóstivaninn);(2) totrainanimals (þar keyptiAuðunnbjarndýrivelvanit); toeducatechildren (varþatalmælt,atengi

bornværisvávelvanin);(3)v.komursínartile-s, tovisithabitually (hannvenr komursínartilOrmhildar);v.e-tafe-m, tounteachoneathing (kostgæfðihannaf þeimatv.öllúkynni);(4)refl.,venjasteu,viðe-t, togetaccustomedto,usedto (nú munekverðaatv.hestinumumhrið;v. viðíþróttir);withinfin. tobewont,used to (vandistE.optligaatgangatiltalsvið Egil).

venja,f. custom,habit (þatvarv.hans, at); at venju, as usual. venju-bragð,n. habit; -liga,adv. usually; -ligr, usual. venzl,n.pl. relationship,tiesofblood oraffinity;fyrirvenzlasakir, forkinship’s sake.

venzla-lauss,a. boundbynoties; -lausirmenn, personsnotrelated, strangers; -maðr,m. kinsman,relation,= vandamaðr.

veptr, m. woof, = veftr. ver,n.(1) station fortakingeggs,fishing,catchingseals,&c.(cf.‘egg-,fiski-, sel-,út-ver’);(2)poet. sea;fyrirhandan v., beyond the sea. ver (gen.pl. -ja),n. case,cover (verit var af guðvefjarpelli).

vera (er; var, várum or vórum; verit),v.(1) tobe,exist;þeirmennvóru,er, thereweremenwho;(2) tobe,happen;þat var,athónfórbrott, soitwasthatshe wentaway;enerváraði,varþarbúskortr, therewasscarcityinthehousehold;hvat erhenni, whatisthematterwithher! þat vareinndag,at, ithappenedonedaythat; kann(má)v.,at, itispossible,itmaybe that;(3) tolast;meðanþingitværi, while theThinglasted;(4)látae-nv., toleave onealone (látmikv.okgermérekkiillt); baðhannlátav., beggedhimtoleaveit

undone,nottodoit;(5) todwell,stay; hannbaðhanaveraíbúðsinni, heasked hertostayinhisbooth;hannvará Höskuldsstöðumumnótt, hepasseda nightatH.;(6)withinfin.,hlymrvarat heyra, aclatteringwastobeheard;þarvar atsjá, therewastobeseen;v.atgeraet, tobedoingathing;kvaðhannv.atteljasilfr, saidhewascountingthemoney; denotingnecessity,athingabouttohappen,ortobedone;núerþeimútatgangaöllum,erleyfter, nowallthosemust goouttowhomleaveisgiven;ernúeigi Káraatvarast, nowthereisnoneedtobewareofK.;núerþartilmálsattaka,at, nowitistobetoldthat;núeratsegjafrá Skamkatli, nowwemusttellofS.;(7)with apredicate(noun,adj.,oradv.);v.konungr,Jarl,biskup, tobeking,earl,bishop;v.glaðr,sæll,hryggr,ungr,gamall, to beglad,happy,sad,young,old;v.vel,illa tile-s, tobewell,ill-disposedtowardsone; þaterilla, itissad;veraspakligaíheraði, tobehavegently;orðkvaðþáVingiþats ánveri, wordswhichhehadbetternothave said;(8)impers.,e-mervarmt,heitt, kalt, oneiswarm,cold;(9)withpastparticiplesinpassivesense;v.kallaðr,sagðr, tekinn, tobecalled,said,taken;(10)with preps.,v.afe-u, tobeoff,outof (v.af klæðum);v.ate-u, tobebusyat;verkmennváruatarningu, theywereploughing; tobepresent (þarvarstuat);ekvarat okvafk, Iwasaboutweaving;þeirhöfðu veritatþrjúsumur, theyhadbeenbusyat itforthreesummers;v.eptir, tobeleft,remain (A.kvaztviljav.eptirokhvílast);v. fyrir, tolead (see‘fyrir’);v.til, toexist;v. um, undir, see ‘um, undir’. vera,f.(1) stay,sojourn;efhannásér íváveru, ifhehasacornertostayin;(2)

comfort (slíkt er válaðs v.). veraldar-,gen.from‘veröld’; -auðœfi,n.pl. worldlyriches; -bygð,f. theinhabitedworld; -friðr,m. world-peace, universalpeace; -frægr,a. world-famous; -girnd,f., -glys,n., -góz,n. worldly desires,toys,goods; -höfðingjar,m.pl. thegreatonesoftheworld; -klerkr,m. =-prestr; -lán,n. worldlygrants; -lifnaðr,m. lifeinthisworld; -líf,n. lifein thisworld; -lög,n.pl. civillaw; -maðr, m. amanofthisworld,secularperson,layman; -prestr,m. secularpriest; -ráð, n.pl. managementofworldlyaffairs; -ríki,n. worldlyrankandpower; -ríkr,a. immenselyrich; -sjór,m. theocean; -spekingr,m.=-vitringr; -spekt,f. worldlywisdom; -starf,n. worldlybusiness; -sæla,f. worldlybliss; -válað,n. wretchednessoftheworld; -vitringr,m. philosopher; -vizka,f. secularwisdom, worldly knowledge. verald-ligr, a. worldly, secular. veran, f. being, essence (guðlig v.). verð,n. worth,price (galthannþegar verðitígulliokbrendusilfri);þettaeru þrennverð, threetimesasmuchasthe thingisworth;haldae-utilverðs, toput outforsale;markav.áe-u,leggjav.íe-t, to fix the price of, set a value on. verða (verð; varð, urðum; orðinn, vorðinn),v.(1) tohappen,cometopass; ætluðuallir,atþeirmynditalaummál sitt,enþatvarðekki, butitcamenotto pass,itwasnotso;þávarðópmikitat lögbergi, thentherearoseagreatshout attheLawhill;(2)v.e-m, tohappento, befallone (sliktverðroptungummönnum);þatvarðSkarphéðni,atstökkí sundrskóþvengrhans, ithappenedtoS. thathisshoe-stringsnappedasunder;sjal-

danverðrvítivörum, thewarymanwill seldommakeaslip;e-mverðrþörfe-s, onecomestobeinneedof;(3) tohappen tobe,occur;ílœkþann,erþarverðr, in thebrookthathappenstobethere;varð fyrirþeimfjörðr, theycameonafjord; v.áleiðe-s, tobeonone’spath,happen toone;(4)v.brottu, toleave,absentoneself (þeirsáþannsinnkostlíkastanat v.ábrottu);v.úti, togoaway (verðúti okdragonganspottatoss); toperishin astormfromcold (sumirurðuúti);þeim þóttihonumseintheimv., theythought thathewaslongincominghome;(5)with acc. tolose;kváðustokkrhafaorðitbæði, saidthattheyhadlostusboth;(6)followedbyanoun,adj.,pp.,adv.,aspredicate, tobecome;þáverðrþatþinnbani, itwillbethydeath;v.glaðr,hryggr,reiðr, tobecomeglad,sad,angry;v.dauðr to die (áðrHaraldrinnhárfagriyrðidauðr) withparticiples;okvarðekkieptirhonumgengit, hewasnotpursued;verðaþeir ekkifundnir, theycouldnotbefound;blóð hansvarðekkistöðvat, thebloodcould notbestaunched;þeimvarðlitittilhafs, theyhappenedtolookseaward;impers.,emverðrbilt, oneisamazed;Kolbeinivarð ekkifyrir, K.losthishead,wasparalysed; withadverbs;hannvarðvelviðskaða sinn, heborehislosswell,likeaman;jarl varðillaviðþetta, theearlwasvexedby this;(7)withinfin.,denotingnecessity, onemust,needs,isforced,obligedtodo; þatverðrhverratvinna,erætlater, every onemustdotheworkthatissetbeforehim; þarerberaverðrtilgrjót, wherestones havetobecarried;verðeknúflýja, now Imustflee;(8)withpreps.,v.afe-u, to cometopass (varumrœtt,athannskyldileitafara,eneigivarðaf);varðek-

kiafferðinni, thejourneycametonought wasgivenup;verðrþettaaf,athanntekr viðsveinunum, theendwasthatatlast hetooktheboys;starfokkostnaðrvarð afþessu, troubleandexpensesarosefrom this;livatverðrafe-u, whatbecomesof; hvatvarðafhúnummínum, whathasbecomeofmycubs?;v.ate-u, tobecome (v. atundri,undrsjónum);veiztu,hvatþér munv.atbana, knowestthouwhatwillbe thecauseofthydeath?;v.atengu, tocome tonothing;v.á, tocomeon,happen;þvat semáyrðisíðan, whatevermighthappen lateron;e-mverðrá, onemakesablunder, mistake (þóttiþérekkiáv.fyrirhonum, erhannnáðieigifénu?);v.eptir, tobe left (honumvarðþareptirgeitokhafr); v.fyrire-u, tomeetwith (v.fyrirgoða reiði); toforebode (v.fyrirstórfundum); v.fyrire-m, tobeinone’sway,asahindrance(þvímeirasemossverðrfyrir,því harðaraskuluþérniðrkoma);v.í, tohappen (tókustnúuppleikarsemekkihefði íorðit);v.tile-s, tocomeforthtodoa thing,bereadyto;ensáernefndrHermóðr,ertilþeirarfararvarð, whoundertookthisjourney;v.viðe-m, torespondto (biðekþik,atþúverðirviðmér,þóatengi sé verðleiki til).

verð-aurar,m.pl. mediumofpayment; value given or received. verð-gangr,m. begging; -geta,f. entertainment,fare; -gjölf,f. thegivingofa meal.

verð-kaup,n. reward; -keyptr,pp. purchased; -laun,n.pl. reward; -launa (að),v. toreward; -lauss,a. valueless; -leikr,m. merit,desert;esp.pl.,hafa -leikatile-s, todeserve;eptir-leikum, according to ones deserts; -ligr, a. valuable. verðr (gen. verðar),m. meal (fáárli-

ga verðar); cf. ‘dag-, náttverðr’.

verðr,a.(1) worth,withgen.(meira þykkimérverðvináttaþin);sváþótti honummikilsumvert, hetookitsomuch toheart;mikilsv., muchworth;(2) worthy, deserving;v.e-s, worthyof (þóttiþérhann ekki drápunnar verðr?).

verð-skylda (að),v. todeserve; -skyldan, f. merit, desert. verðugr,a.(1) worthy (v.e-s);(2) deserved (lofuðuallirguðsemverðugtvar) at verðugu, deservedly. verðu-liga,adv. deservedly; -ligr,a. deserved. verðung, f. poet. king’s men. ver-fang, n. taking a husband. verga (að),v. tosoil;refl.,vergast, to be soiled (kleði hans verguðust).

ver-gjörn, a. f. mad after men. vergr,a.onlyinsuperl.;vinnaitvergasta, to do the dirtiest work. verja (ver; varða; variðr, varðr), v.(1) todefend (v.sikvelokfrœknliga); v.landitfyrire-m, todefendthecountry againstone;ekmanþóengumhlífa,ef ekáhendrmínaratv., ifIhavetofight formylife;(2)v.mál, todefendacause, opp.tosœkja;(3)v.e-t,orv.e-me-t, to guardaplace,holditagainstacomer (at vísuætlaekatv.þérríkimitt);Egillvarði dyrrnar, E.heldthedoor;v.e-tlagalýriti, toforbidbyalawfulprotest;(4)v.e-u, tokeepaway (Birkibeinarvörðueldinum okfengusløkkt);v.e-me-u, towithhold fromone;meyjarástummunaþérverða ofvarið, themaiden’sloveshallnotbedeniedthee;(5)refl.,verjast, todefendoneself (þeirvörðustmeðdrengskap);v.e-u, todefendoneselfagainst (þarmœttihann finngálkni ok varðist því lengi).

verja (ver; varða; variðr, varðr),

verja V vermir

v.(1) towrap,enclose;v.e-narmi,faðmi, tofoldinone’sarms,embrace;munek vexavelblæjuatv.þittlíki, toshroudthy body;variðr, mounted,adorned (gulli,silfri,járnivariðr);(2)v.sverði, toswing, wieldthesword;(3)v.sértil, toexertoneself;enmeðþvíathannvarðisérmjök til,þáspruttuhonumfœtrájakanum, as heexertedhimselfgreatly,hisfeetslipped ontheice;(4) toinvestmoney,layout,expend (hannselrjarðirsínarokverrfénu tilútanferðar);væntaek,atekhafaþá velvarit, thatIhavemadeagoodbargain; (5)pp.n.,varit;áttusvátilvaritof menn,at, thouartsowellprovidedwith menthat;þúátttilþessvarit, itisthynature;e-mersvávarit,at, oneissoconstitutedthat (honumvarsváv.,athannvar undirhyggjumaðr).

verja,f. outergarment,cloak (hann hafðiyfirsérverju,saumaðasamanaf mörgum tötrum).

verjandi (pl. -endr),m. defendant, opp. to ‘sœkjandi’. verk,n.(1) work,business;veraáverki, tobeatwork;(2) apieceofwork (v.hefiek hugatþér);(3) act,deed;Gunnarrsagði Njáli v. þessi, G. told N. of these deeds. verka (að),v. towork;v.sértile-s, to deserve by one’s deeds. verka-efni,n.=verkefni; -kaup,n. wages,=verk-kaup; -kona,f. workwoman,servant; -laun,n.pl. reward; -lýðr,m. workpeople; -maðr,m.= verk-maðr; -nauð, f. heavy task. verk-dagr,m. work-day; -efni,n. worktobedone,task; -fákr,m.=-hestr; -fœri,n. implement,tool; -fœrr,a. able towork; -hestr,m. work-horse,carthorse.

verki, m. verse-making.

verkja (-ti, -t),v.impers. tofeelpain, tosmart (eigiersáheill,eríaugun verkir).

verk-kaup,n. wages; -kona,f. verkakona; -laun, n. pl. reward. verk-lauss,a. withoutpain (verkr), painless (sár verklaus).

verk-ligr,a. active,practical (verkligt líf).

verklundar-maðr,m. industrious, hard-workingman;Grettirvarlítill-maðr, G. had little mind for work. verk-maðr,m. workman,labourer; -maðr góðr, a good worker. verknaðr (gen. -ar),m. work,badness;takauppverknað, totaketosome work;haldaverknaðiáhendre-m, toput one to work. verk-óði, a. mad with pain (verkr). verkr (-jar, -ir),m. pain (hafaverkí augum).

verk-reki, m. servant (-reki e-s). verks-háttr, m. working method. verk-smiðr,m. workman; -smíð,f. craft, work. verksmiðar-maðr,m. craftsman (engi var hann -maðr).

verk-stjóri,m. overseer; -stjórn,f. thesupervisionofwork; -þræll,m. working slave. ver-lauss,a.(1) withoutahusband;(2) withoutacaseorcover (dúnbeðr-lauss); -liðar,m.pl. men;vinr-liða, friendof men, Thor. verma (-da, -dr),v. towarm (Egillfór til elds at v. sik).

ver-maðr,m. fishermanatanoutlying station (ver).

vermi,m. warmth (hafavermaafeldinum; leita sér verma).

vermir, m. = vermi.

Vermir V vesal-látr

vermir,m.pl. themenfromVermaland, in Sweden.

vermakr, a. from Vermaland. vermsl, n. pl. never-freezing spring. verna (að), v. to protect, defend (rare). vernd,f.(1) protection (veitae-mv.); (2) apointforthedefence,=vörn(ení málivóruengarverndir);(3)=verndan; eigav.áatgerae-t, tohavearight,titleto do a thing. vernda (að),v.(1) toprotect;(2) excuse (v. sik e-u).

verndan, f. excuse, subterfuge. verndari, m. protector, defender. verpa (verp; varp, urpum; orpinn), v.(1) tothrow,withdat.(hannvarpafsér skildinum);hestrinnféllokvarphonum afbaki, threwhimoff;hannverprsérí söðulinn, hethrowshimselfintothesaddle;v.afsérklæðum, tothrowoffthe clothes;v.mœðiligaöndinni, todrawa deepsigh;v.orðum(or orði)áe-n, to address (þessivarporðumákonungok spurði);væntirmikþess,atmargirverpi þargóðumorðumámik, thatmanymen willhavegoodwordstosayofme;v.e-n inni, toshutonein;impers. tobethrown; þarvarpútúdaunmiklum, agreatstench cameout;(2)v.á, toguessat,calculate (verpamennsváá,atlatizthafiníu menn);(3) tolayeggs (=v.eggjum);(4) tocastup (v.haugeptirfornumsið);þeir urpuhaugeptirGunnar, theyraiseda moundoverG.;v.aptrhauginn, toshut thecairn;v.vef, towarpaweb (sáerorpinnvefrýtaþörmum);(5)pp.,orpinn; sandio., coveredwithsand;aldrio., bent withage;uppio.fyrire-m, quiteoverwhelmed,atone’smercy;(6)refl.,urpust flestirvelviðorðsendingDanakonungs, theyturnedafavourableearto,responded

to the call.

verpill (pl. verplar),m.(1) die (kastaverplumtilfjársér);(2) cask (sumr drykkr var í verplum).

verpils-tala, f. cubic number. verpla-kast, n. cast (throw) of dice. verr (-s, -ar),m.(1)sing. husband (vildihónversínumvinnaofrhefndir);(2) pl., verar, men (þú ert æ vísastr vera).

verr,adv.compar. worse;vánuv., worsethanexpected; verst,superl. worst (þykki mér þat verst).

verr-féðrungr,m. apersonworse than his father. verri,a.compar. worse; verstr,superl. worst. vers, n. verse; Maríu v., Ave Maria. versa (að),v.(1) toputintoverse (v. sögu); (2) to make verse. versa-bók,f. abookinverse,poem; -gørð, f. verse-making. versna or vesna (að),v. togetworse (hlutr e-s versnar).

ver-sæl,a.f. happyinone’shusband; -þjóð, f. mankind, men. veröld (gen. -aldar,pl. -aldir),f.(1) world; (2) age. vesa, v. to be, = vera. vesala (að), v. to make wretched. vesaldar-,genitivefrom‘vesöld’; -auki,m. increaseofwretchedness; -maðr, m. destitute person. vesalingr (-s, -ar), m. = veslingr. vesall (vesöl or vesul, vesalt,pl. vesalir or veslir),a.(1) poor,destitute, wretched (vesölarfasáta);(2)withgen. wretchedinrespectof (vesöleruvérkonungs).

vesal-látr,a. shabby; -liga,adv. miserably; -ligr,a. wretched,wretched-looking; -mannligr,a.=-ligr; -menni,n.

paltryperson; -menska,f. stinginess, shabbiness.

vesast (að),v.refl., tobewretchedand uncomfortable (Austmenn vesuðust illa).

veski, n. bag, knapsack. vé-skóp, n. pl. holy ordinances. vesl, n. a kind of cloak. vesla (að),v. tomakewretched;refl., veslast, to grow wretched, poor. veslingr (-s, -ar),m. apoor,punyperson,wretch (hvatmyndiv.þessivarða mér bátinn).

veslings-maðr, m. = veslingr. veslugr,a. poor,wretched (fátœkrok veslugr landskapr).

vesning, f. being, essence. vestan,adv.(1) fromthewest (ríðu síðanhinasömuleiðvestr,semþeir hófðuv.riðit);v.umhaf, ‘fromwestover thesea’,fromtheBritishIslands;(2) onthe westernsideof,withgen.(v.bœjar);fyrir v., west of, with acc. (fyrir v. vötnin).

vestan-ferð,f.journeyfromthe west; -maðr,m. amanfromthewest; -veðr,n. westwind; -verðr,a. western, westerly (hitþriðjabúáttihannviðsjóinn á-verðumMýrum); -vindr,m. west wind.

vestarr,adv.compar. moretothewest (eigi v. en í Hrútafjörð).

vestar-liga, adv. toward the west. vestastr, a. superl., see ‘vestri’. vest-firðingar,m.pl. themenfrom the West-fjords (Vestfirðir), in Iceland. vest-firðis,adv. inthewestofafjord; -firzka,L acustomintheWest-fjords; -firzkr, a. from the West-fjords. vest-fyldir,m.pl. menfromtheNorse districtVestfold; -maðr,m. amanfrom theWest,onefromtheBritishIsles,esp. from Ireland, opp. to ‘Austmaðr’.

vestr,n.(1) thewest (frávestrioktil norðrs);sáekfuglfljúgaórvestri, from thewest;(2)adv. westwards,west,towards thewest (hvertsinnerþáríðrv.eðavestan);þykkiþéreigigottv.þar, therein thewest;siglav.umhaf, tosailwestwards over the sea, to the British Isles. vestr-ferð,f. ajourneytothewest; -för,f. ajourneytothewest; -hálfa,f. thewesternpartorregion; -heruð,n.pl. the western districts (of Iceland). vestri,a.compar. morewesterly (v. bygð);vestastr,superl. mostwesterly (liggja þessi lönd vestust).

vestr-lönd,n.pl.(1) theBritishIsles; (2) the Occident. vestr-sveitir,f.pl. thewesterndistricts (ofIceland); -vegr,m. the‘western way’,i.e.theBritishIsles(herjaí-veg); -víking,f. afreebootingexpeditiontothe West (Vestrlönd); -ætt,f. thewestern quarter, of the heavens (líta í -ætt).

vest-rœna,f. westerlywind; -rœnn,a. westerly (vindar -rœnir).

vesæla, v. = vesala. vesæll, a. = vesall. vesöld (gen. -aldar),f. misery, wretchedness.

vetlingr, m. glove (cf. ‘vöttr’). vetr (gen. vetrar,pl. vetr),m.(1) winter;miðrv., midwinter;ív., thiswinter;v.verðrmikill, thewinterbecomes cold,severe;ávetri,ívetri, lastwinter; (2) year (sextánvetragamall);tíuvetrum síðarr, ten years later. vetra (að),v. tobecomewinter;líðr framhaustinuoktekratv., thewinterbegan to set in, it became wintry. vetrar-braut,f. winter-road; -dagr, m. winter-day;á-dag, inthewinter; -far, n. thecourse(character)ofwinter (sagði

hónmönnumforlögsinok-farokaðra hluti); -langt,adv. duringwinter, throughoutthewinter; -megn,n. the severestpart(thedepth)ofwinter; -nauð, f. severewinter; -ríki,n.=vetrar-nauð(ríkivarmikit); -tíð,f. winter-tide; -tími, m. winter-time. vetra-tal,n. numberofwinters,years (fyrr rosknir at afli en -tali).

vetr-beit,f. winterpasture; -björg,f. winterprovender; -gamall,a. ayearold (-gamaltlamb); -gata,f. winter-road; -gemlingr,m. asheepawinterold; -gestr,m. winterguest; -grið,n. winter-stay,winter-quarters (bjóðae-m-grið); -hagi,m. winterpasture; -hringr,m. themilkyway; -hús,n.pl. winterhouses, opp.to‘sel’; -langt,adv.=vetrarlangt; -líti,m. onewhohaspassedawinter, ‘winter-old’bear; -ligr,a. wintry; -lægr, a. lying up in harbour for the winter. vetrnátta-helgr,f. thefirstSunday inthewinter-season; -skeið,n. theseason when winter sets in. vetr-nætr,f.pl. thewinternights (the threedayswhichbeginthewinterseason); -seta,f. winterquarters; -taka,f. taking a winter-guest. vetrtaks-,or vetrtöku-maðr,m. winter-guest.

vetrungr (-s, -ar),m. ananimalone winter old, yearling, esp. a calf. vetr-veðr,n. winterweather; -vist,f. winter abode, winter quarter. vett, n. lid of a chest, see ‘vætt’. vett-fangr, -rim, -vangr,seevætt-, etc.; vettugi, see vættugi. véurr, m. holy warder. vexa (-ta, -tr), v. to rub with wax. við or viðr,prep.withdat.andacc.; I.withdat.(1) against;hannslóhonum

niðrv.steininum, hedashedhishead againstthestone;húsliggjav.velli, the houseslieinruins;kastasérniðrv.velli, tocastoneselfdownontheground;erinn efrikjöptrv.himni,eninnneðrivið jörðu, theupperjawtouchestheheaven, thelowertheearth;hannhjóhannupp v.garðinum, hesmotehimclosebythe fence;skeraafsérstrenginnviðøxinni, tocutthestring,asunderagainsttheaxe; (2) against,towards,ofdirection;horfa v.e-m, tolooktowards,face;(3) along with (hannhafðimargasmiðuv.sér);(4) with,ofaninstrument(jarlhljópuppv. sverði);(5) among;gengusíðanísætisin v.öðrummönnum, amongothermen;(6) denotingbarter,exchange, against,for (getagullv.grjóti);(7)denotingremedy, against (hjálpae-mv.e-u);(8) against, denotingcontest,wardingoff(hafa liðsaflav.e-m);hafa(viz.afl)v.e-m, to beone’smatch;(9)ellipt.usages;stinga v.fótum, tostop;hrífav., tocatchhold; búastv., tomakeoneselfready;risav., to withstand;hvatzhannfiðrv., whatsoeverhemayobject;II.withacc.(1) by,at, closeto (sníðaskeggitviðhökuna);skjöldrviðskjöld, shieldtoshield;v.Sandhólaferju, atSandholferry;v.veginn, by thewayside;v.ána, bytheriver;dragasegl v.hún, tohoistthesailtothetop;festa e-nv.meið,tré, tofastentoapole,tree; bindav.fóte-s, tobindupabrokenleg; dróuppflókav.austr, intheeast;(2) oftime, towards,at;v.solar-setr, atsunset;v.sól, withthesun,atsunrise;v.aptan, towardsevening;verav.aldr, tobe strickeninyears;(3) at,by (veraheima v.búsitt);Hrútrvarv.skipumsumarit, H.stayedbyhisshipduringthesummer; sitjav.stýri, tositattherudder;styðja

sikv.e-t, toleanon;gangav.staf, to walkwithastaff;verav.e-t, tobepresentat;sitjav.drykk, tositatdrink;(4) denotingdirection;ísýnv.bœinn, withinsightofthetown;(5)denotingcompany, with (bauðþeimheimvillallasína menn);v.annan,þriðja,fjórðamann, beingtwo,three,fouraltogether;(6) towards (apersonorthing),respecting,regarding (mildr,blíðr,góðrv.e-n);tilgæzluv.en: forkeeping,watchingone;hræddrv.en, afraidofone;(7)ofcause, by,at;falla v.högg, tofallbyastroke;siglav.stjörnuljós, tosailbystarlight;verðareiðrv. e-t, tobecomewrothat;(8) ascompared with,setoffagainst (þrjótamunokkrillskuv.þik);eigiminnavirðrenv.konunginn, ofequalworthwiththeking;(9) accordingto,after (geraklæðiv.vöxtes);v.sik, inproportion;hannvarskapaðr allrv.sik, wellshaped,symmetrical;vita, hvatv.sikværi, toknowwhatwasthematter;(10)denotingmeans, with,by (v.þessarfortölur);tendraeldv.e-t, tomake fireby;(11)ellipt.usages;bregðavið, to start;hannþagðiv., heremainedsilent;fá v.þrjúskip, toaddthreeships;þurfav., toneed;bjarga,hjálpae-uv., tohelp,put right; koma e-u við, to bring about. við (gen. -jar,pl. -jar),f. withy,withe; collar (viðjar af gulli).

viða (að), v. to furnish wood. viða,f.(1) mast (léthannreisaviðuna okdragaseglit);látaskiprennaat(or á) viðum, tolettheshiprununderbarepoles; (2) ahighdeckorbridge,amidshipson shipsofwar(Sverrirkonungrhljópuppá viðuna).

við-björn, m. wood-bear, black bear. við-bland,n. admixture (taka-blandaf e-u).

við-borði,m. thebroadsideturnedtowardstheenemy;vera(hafasik)áborða, tobebroadsideon,inananopposedposition.

við-bragð,n.(1) quickmovement,start; skjótligrí-bragði, onthealert;seinligr í-bragði, slowinhismovements;bregða engum-brögðum, tomakenostarts,not tostir;(2) look,countenance,outwardappearance (skolbrúnnoknökkutgrimmligrí-bragði); -brekt,a.n. steep,uphill, opp.to‘forbrekkis’(var-brektatríðaat bœnum); -búnaðr,m., -búningr,m. preparation;hafa-búnað,-buning, toget oneself ready. við-fall,n.(1) theloweringofamast (viðr);(2) prosperousissue (væntirmik,at eigifáiþeir-fallþaðanaf);náøngu-falli, to come to no conclusion. við-fang,n.(1) dealingwith;góðr,

viðan, f. cutting and fetching wood. viðar-bulungr,m., -byrðr,f., -fang,n. apile,burden,armfulofwood; -flaki,m. hurdle(scaffolding)ofwood; -föng,n.pl. wood-stores; -hlass,n. load ofwood; -högg,n. wood-cutting; -lauf, n. wood-leaves; -mark,n. markonatree; -rif,n. therightoftakingfaggots; -rót, f. rootofatree; -runnr,m. grove; -taka, f. wood-pilfering; -tág,f. toughroot; -tálga,f. wood-cutting; -teinungr,m. wand; -val,n. pickedwood; -verk,n. wood-work; -vöxtr,m. youngplantation, brushwood; -øx, f. wood-axe. viða-val, n. selection of timber. við-band, n. withy-band. við-bára,f. objection,pretext; -bein, -beina, n. collar-bone; -bit, n. butter. við-bitull, m. withy-bridle. við-bjóðr,m. disgust,dislike (mérer -bjóðr við e-u, um e-ð).

harðr,illr-fangs, good,hard,badtodeal with;(2)pl.,-föng, stores,provisions (en er þat þrýtr, þá mun illt til -fanga).

viðfanga-laust,a.n. withoutprovisions.

við-fellinn,a. pliant,complaisant (vera-fellinnviðe-n); -för,f. treatment (hafaverri-farar); -ganga,f. confession (-ganga synda).

viðgørðar-mikill,a. requiringgreat efforts,dangerous (veðrvarhvasstok -mikit).

við-gørningr,m. treatment (góðr -gørningr); -hjálp, f. help, support. við-högg, n. wood-cutting.

viði-hæll, m., see ‘víði-hæll’.

viðja, f. withy, = við.

við-kenning,f.(1) anadditionalkenning;(2) acknowledgement (komatil-kenningarsannleiksins); -koma,f. touch; -kvað,n.=-kveð; -kváma,f.=-koma; -kveð,n. scream,yell,shriek; -kœmiliga, adv. becomingly.

við-köstr, m. pile of wood.

við-lagning,f. addition; -látinn,pp. prepared,ready (kvezteigimunduíannat sinnbetr-látinn);-látinnatgreiða, ready topay;núersvá-látit,at, nowthings standsothat; -leitinn,a. tryingtodo one’sbest,endeavouring (viðleitinnumallaríþróttir); -leitni,f. endeavour,attempt; -lífi,n. behaviour,conduct; -líkr, a. similar; -lögur,f.pl. fines,=viðrlög (miklarviðlögurviðmannsaftak); -mæli,n.(1) conversation,interview (veitae-m-mæli);góðr,blíðr-mælis, affable; (2) agreement (þóttihonumeigihaldizt hafa-mæliþeira); -nám,n. resistance (veita -nám).

viðr, prep. with dat. and acc. = við. viðr (gen. -ar;pl. -ir,acc. -u),m.(1)

tree (hannsáeinníkornaíviðumuppi); (2) forest,wood;sólgengrtilviðar, the sunsets;(3) felledtrees,timber (núvilek at þú takir mjöl ok við); (4) mast. viðra (að),v.(1) toblow,besuchand such,oftheweather;fjöldumviðrir(= viðrar)áfimmdögum, theweatheroften changesinfivedays;(2) tosnuffle,scent (refkeilan viðraði í allar ættir).

viðr-auki,m. augmentation,addition; -borði,m.=viðborði; -búnaðr, -búningr,m.=viðbúnaðr,viðbúningr; -eign,f.(1) dealingwith,intercourse;illr, harðr-eignar, hardtodealwith,illtomanage;(2) encounter (-eignSigmundarok Haralds).

við-reki, m. drift of wood. við-rétta, f. redress, compensation. viðr-föng,n.pl.=viðfang2; -ganga, f.(1) resistance;(2)=viðganga; -hending,f. ‘after-rhyme’,thelatterrhyme-syllableinaverse-line; -hjal,n. conversation, talk; -hjálp, f. help, assistance. -viðri,n. weather;incompds.,haf-, heið-, hvass-, land-, vit-viðri, &c. viðr-jafna (að),v. tocompare (e-teu); -kenning,f.=viðkenning; -komning,f. compunction; -kveð,n.=viðkveð; -kvæmiliga,a. becomingly; -kvæmiligr,a. becoming; -kœmiligr,a. becoming; -lifnaðr,m. meansofsustenance; -lit,n.(1) alookingtowards;(2) look, countenance (Hornbogivaríviðrliti bjartlitaðr).

viðrlita-mikill, a. big to behold. viðr-lífi,n.=-lifnaðr; -líking,f. comparison,imitation; -líkjast (t),v.refl. toimitate,withdat.; -líkr,a. similar, =viðlíkr; -lægr,a. near;varþá-lægt, at, itwasontheverge; -lög,n.pl. fine, penalty; -lögur,f.pl.=-lög; -mæli,n.

conversation,talkingtogether; -nám,n. resistance,=viðnám; -nefni,n. surname; -orð, n. adverb; -rœða, f. = viðrœða. viðr-sjön,f. awarning,athingtobe shunned; -skipti,n.=viðskipti; -skotull,a. taunting; -slag,n. theparrying ofablow; -sýn, -sýnd,f.=-sjön; -taka, f.=viðtaka; -tal,n. conversation; -talan,f. talkingtogether; -tekt,f. reception,receiving;hafa-tektirgóðar, tobe wellreceived; -tœkiligr,a. susceptible, acceptable; -vera,f. presence; -verandi, pr.p. present; -vist,f.(1) presence;(2) meansofsustenance (öllönnurskepnavar skópuðmanninumtil-vistar); -væri,n. = viðrvist (2).

við-rœða, f. conversation, talk. við-sjá (pl. -sjár),f. ashunning,wariness (vóruþámiklardylgjurok-sjármeð þeim);gjalda(veita)-sjá, tobeonone’s guard;hanngerðiat-sjámatfinnahann, heshunnedhimdeliberately; -sjáll,a. on one ’ s guard against (við e-u).

viðsjá-,or viðsjár-maðr,m. aperson tobeonone’sguardagainst,tobeshunned; -verðr,a. worthbeingonone’sguard against.

við-skipti,n.(1) dealings;illr,hœgr, góðr-skiptis, ill,easy,goodtodealwith; (2)plur. hostileintercourse (segirhonum frá-skiptumþeiraÁsgríms);(3) sexual intercourse (eiga -skipti við karlmenn).

viðskota-illr, a. malicious. við-skraf, n. talk, chat. við-smjör,n. ‘wood-butter’,(olive)oil (smurðr helgu -smjöri).

vigg, n. poet. horse, steed. vigr (pl. vigrar), f. poet. spear. vika (gen.pl. vikna),f.(1) week;núlífasumarittiláttavikna, tillitwaseight weekstowinter;hinhelgav., Holy-week (afterWhitsun);efstav., thelastweekof Lent,Passion-week;(2) sea-mile,=vika sjóvar,v.sævar(Ólafseyjarliggjaútá firðinumhálfaaðravikuundanReykjanesi).

vikna (að),v. togiveway (v.fyrir,v. við); ofranksinbattle,inwrestling (gekk L.sváfastfram,atþeirviknuðufyrir Skotarnir).

vikóttr,a. baldontheforeheadabove the temples (bleikr á hár ok v. snemma). vikr,f. pumice-stone (flóv.mikilá bœinn í Næfrholt).

vil (gen. vilja), n. pl. entrails. vil,n.(1) desire,lust (dulokv.);(2)í v.e-m, atone’swill,toone’sliking (ráða drauma í v. e-m).

viðsmjörs-horn, -ker,n., -ketill, m. ahorn,vessel,ofoil; -kvistr,m. olive branch; -tré, n. olive free. við-spell, -spjall,n. conversation; -staða,f. resistance (fekkhannenga -stöðu); -sýnd,f.=viðrsýn,viðrsjön; -sœmandi,pr.p. beseeming; -sœming, f. respects,homage (veitae-m-sœming); hœgr-sœmingar, easytogetonwith; -taka,f.(1) reception,receiving hann fekkþarenga-tóku, hewasrejected;veita konungi-töku, toreceivethething;(2) pl.,esp. hospitalily;veragóðr-takna, to beagoodhost;fágóðar-tökur, tobewell received;(3) resistance,=viðrtaka(var þarlítil-taka); -takandi,m. receiver; -tal,n. conversation,=viðrtal; -tekja, f. reception (fágóðar-tekjur); -tekt,f.= viðrtekt; -tœkiligr, a. agreeable. viðtöku-maðr, m. receiver. við-varan,f. warning; -varnam,f. abstinencefrom (-varnanfœzlu); -vindill, m. woodbine; -væri,n.=viðrværi; -vörun, f. = -varan.

vil-björg, f. good help.

vild,f.(1) will,liking (eptirvárriv.);(2) favour (fyrir vildar sakir við lýðinn).

vildar-fólk,n. thechosenpeople; -klæði,n.pl. thebestclothes,staterobes; -lið,n. thebestmen,favourites; -maðr, m. adistinguishedman,favourite (konungrokmart-manna); -mær,f. favourite maid, maid of honour.

vildis-lýðr,m. thebestmen,=vildarlið; -maðr, m. = vildarmaðr.

vildr (compar. vildri or vildari,superl. vilztr or vildastr),a.(1) agreeable (erasávinröðrum,ervilteittsegir); (2) good,choice,esp.incompar.andsuperl. better,best;honumvarekkivildara afván, heexpectednothingbetter;vildra sverð, better sword.

vil-gali, m. flattery, = fagrgali. vilgi,adv.(1) very;v.mjök, verymuch (hannkvíddienguv.mjök);(2) byno means, not at all (hann vissi þat v. görla). vilgis, adv. very, = vilgi (v. opt.).

vil-hallr,a. partial;segja-hallt, to giveapartial,unfairreport (liðsmennsegjaopt-hallt,oksegjaþat,erþeirvildiat væri).

vili (gen. vilja),m.(1) will,wish,desire (sigrsællergóðrv.);(2) disposition, mind (verae-mmeðgóðumvilja);(3) delight, joy; vanr vilja, joyless. vili-sess, m. pleasant seat (?). vilja (vil, vilda, viljat),v.(1) towill, wish,withinfin.(núvilekspyrjayðr); Austmaðrkvaztvildu(pret.infin.)fyrir hafaland, theEasterlingsaidhewishedto havelandfor(theship);withtheinfin. left outorunderstood;vildiAðalráðrhannekkiþar, A.wishedhimnot(tobe)there;hón vildihannfeigan, shewishedhimdead; withsubj.,viltu,atekfaratileyjanna,

wiltthouthatIshallgototheislands;(2) withacc. towish,want (eigivilekþessa); hvatviltþúhonum, whatdostthouwant withhim?;v.hverjummannigott, towish goodtoeverybody;v.heldr, toprefer (viltu heldrdóminn?);(3)impers.,varsigitinn eptirfirðinumsvásemveravildi, asbest mightbe,atrandom;þáervelvildi, when theluckwasfair;(4)v.e-m, tofavourone (þaterván,atþérmundisœmdinv.);(5) v.til, tohappen (efþatá.tilatv.);(6)refl.,þeirviljasteigiviðoss, theybearno good will towards us.

viljaðr,a.(1) willing,inclined;núværa ekáþatv.at, Ishouldliketo;skalekeigi veraverrv.enhann, Ishallnotbeless eager(lessready)thanhe;(2) intentioned, disposed (atdrottningmundimikluverr viljuð);verae-mvelv., welldisposedtowardsone;e-merlíttviljattile-s, one doesnotlikeaperson;játtaþvínökkuru, erþeimværieigivelviljat, nottotheirliking.

vilja-góðr,a. welldisposed; -lauss,a. joyless; -leysa,f., -leysi,n. wantofwill; -ligr, a. voluntary. viljan-liga,adv. willingly; -ligr,a. willing. viljari,a.compar., viljastr,a.superl. = vildari, vildastr, see ‘vildr’.

viljug-liga, adv. readily. viljugr,a.(1) willing,ready (v.tile-s); (2) toone’sliking (hvártsemhenniværi þat viljugt eða miðr).

vilkit, a. n., poet. not good, dismal. villa,f.(1) error,falsehood;(2) heresy; (3) delusion. villa (-ta, -tr),v.(1) toleadastray (nótthefirmikvillt);okersvávilltfyrir mér,at, Iamsobewilderedthat;(2) tofalsify,counterfeit (v.heimildirá.fé);villtar

rúnar, dark,obscurerunes;rísta(rúnar) villt, tomis-write,writewrong;v.leitina fyrire-m, toconfoundthesearch,putone onawrongscent;(3)refl.,villast, togo astray,loseone’sway (hafðihannvillzt oksnúiztfráguði);withgen.,núvilltustþeirvegar, nowtheylosttheroad; villtusthundarnirfarsins, thehoundslost thetrack;þeimöllumvilltistsýn,atengi þeiramáttifinnahann, theywereallso bewilderedthatnoneofthemcouldfind him.

villi-bráð,f. venison; -dýr,n. wild beast; -eldr,m. wild-fire; -fygli,n. wild fowl; -fœrr,a. bewildering,difficultto findtheway (varþeim-fœrttilbœjarins);

-graðungr,m. wildbull; -göltr,m. wildboar; -ráða,a.indecl. bewildered; -sauðr,m. wildsheep; -skógr,m. wild forest; -ský,n. bewilderingcloud; -stígr, m. wild false path; -svin, n. wild boar. villr,a.(1) wild,false (hverfaafvillum götum);(2) bewildered,erring,astray; farav.,faravillt, togoastray (hannfór v.umstórarmerkrokúkunnar);(3) perplexed,uncertain (þeirurðuvilliráhvára höndþeimsjórskyldiliggja);withgen., fara v. vegar, to go astray. villu-átrúnaðr,m. falsebelief,unbelief; -biskup,m. falsebishop; -bönd,n. pl. bondsoferror; -dómr,m. error; -draumr,m. falsedream; -dýr,n.=villidýr; -efni,n. causeoferror; -fullr,a. erroneous; -gata,f. wrongpath; -karl, m.=-maðr; -kast,n. wrongthrow; -keisari,m. false(heretic)emperor; -lauss,a. freefromerror,orthodox; -maðr,m. heretic; -nótt,f. nightoferror; -samligr, -samr,a. erroneous,false; -spámaðr,m. falseprophet; -stígr,m.= villistígr; -trú,f. unbelief,heresy; -vegr,

m. way of error. vil-mál, -mæli,n. kindword,wordof goodwill (hafa-mæliviðe-n); -mæltr, pp. speakingtoone’sliking (vera-mæltrem).

vilna (að),v.(1) tomakeconcessionto, favourone (þaueinkauphöfðuþeirvið átzt,atþeimvareigivilnatí);(2)refl., vilnaste-s, tohopefor,wishfor,athing (vilnaðist bann jafnan guðs miskunnar).

vilnaðr (gen. -ar),m.(1) joy,comfort; (2) hope. vilnan,f.=vilnaðr;iðrastmeðv., to repent with hope. vilt, a. n. from ‘vildr’ and ‘villr’.

vimpill, m. ‘wimple’, veil. vin (gen. -jar), f. meadow. vin, m. friend, = vinr. vina, f. female friend. vina-boð,n. feastoffriends; -fundr, m. meetingoffriends; -skipti,n. change offriends; -styrkr,m. strength,backing offriends; -vandr,a. particularasto friends; -veizla, f. = -boð.

vinátta,f. friendship (binda,halda, vináttu við e-n).

vinátta-boð,n. friendlyoffer,offerof friendship; -bragð,n. friendlyturn; -heit,n. promiseoffriendship; -kveðja, f. friendlygreeting; -mark,n. tokenof friendship; -mál,n. message,intercourse, offriendship; -merki,n.=-mark; -samligr, a. friendly, amicable. vin-bein,n. collar-bone,=viðbein (lestist vinbein hans).

vinda (vind; vatt, undum; undinn), v.(1) totwist,wring,squeeze;v.klæðisín, towringone’swetclothes;v.sik=v.kleði sín(vóruallirvátiroktókuatv.sik);v. e-tsundr, tobreak,snapasunder (hann vattljáinnísundrmillihandasér);(2) to

vinda V vin-gjarnliga

wind,twist;v.vef, towindthewoof;þær órsandisímaundu, theywoundaropeout ofsand;(3) towind,hoistupbymeansof a ‘vindáss’;v.segl, tohoistsail (þeirunduseglsín.);v.uppakkeri, toweighanchor;vindumafræfritafskálanum, let uspulltheroofoffthehall;(4) toturn, swing;höfðivattþáGunnarrokHögnatil sagði, G.turnedhisheadandspoketoH.; v.eldskíðuínæfrarnar, tohurlaburning brandontheroof;vindruppsjóðnum, he suddenlyliftedupthemoney-bag;(5)refl., vindast, tomakeasuddenmovement,turn oneselfquickly;pres.‘vizt’(íþvíkemr Þorgerðrinn,okviztHelgiviðfastok fellr ofan af þilinu).

vinda, f. hank of yarn. vinda-brú, f. draw-bridge. vindandi,f. theuseofv (vend) beforer, as in v-rangr, v-reiðr.

vind-auga, n. window, = vind-gluggr. vind-áss,m. winding-pole,windlass (þeir undu með -ásum).

vind-belgr,m. wind-bag,bellows; -blaka,f. wind-flow,breeze; -blásinn, pp. distendedbythewind; -blástr,m. wind-blast; -blær,m. lightair,breath; -fullr,a. windy; -gluggr,m. window; -gul,n. air,wind.breeze; -heimr,m. worldofthewindstheair; -hjálmr,m. ‘wind helmet’, the sky. vindingr,m. stripsofclothforwinding round the leg.

vind-kaldr, a. wind-cold. vindla (að), v. to wind up (v. ull).

vind-land, n. the land of the Wends. vind-lauss,a. windless,calm (veðrvar -laust A sjákyrt).

vind-lenzkr, a. Wendish. vindli, m. wisp (fjúka sem v.). vind-ligr,a. windy (veðrvar-ligt);

-lítill,a. lightofwind,calm (veðrvóru vindlítil).

vindr (-s or -ar),m.(1) wind;v.var ánorðan, itblewfromtheNorth;(2) air (gekksvámilliúvinasinnanáligasem hann œði vind).

vindr, m. winding-stairs. vindr (vind, vint), a. awry. vindr, m. pl. the Wends. vinds-blær,m.=vindblær; -bylr,m. gustofwind; -fullr,a.=vind-fullr; -gnýr, m. squall of wind. vind-skeið, f. barge-board.

vind-stœði,n. thedirectionofthe wind; -svalr, a. = -kaldr.

vindugr,a. exposedtothewind (ek hekk vin[d]ga meiði á).

vind-verska,f. theWendishlanguage; -verskr, a. Wendish. vind-þrotinn,pp. shortofwind; -þurr,a. wind-dry,air-dried (viðr-þurr); -æðar,f.pl. ‘wind-veins’,thearteries; -öld, f. ‘wind-age’, a time of tempests. vin-fastr,a. steadfastasafriend; -fengi,n. friendship; -festi,f. steadfastness in friendship. vingaðr,pp. standinginfriendlyrelations (velvarSveinnjarlv.viðlenda menn).

vingan, f. friendliness, friendship. vinganar-heit,n.pl., -mál,n.pl., -orð,n.pl., -svipr,m. promise,assertions, words, look of friendship. vingast (að),v. tomakefriends;v.við e-n,tile-s, toenterintofriendship,or friendly relations, with a person. vin-gjarnliga,adv. friendly,kindly; -gjarnligr,a. friendly,kind; -gjöf,f. friendlygift; -góðr,a. kindtowardsone’s friends;neut.-gott, friendliness (heldrvil ekgjaldaféit,okmun-gottímótikoma);

-gottvarmeðþeim, theyweregood friends;eiga-gottviðe-n, tobegood friends with a person.

vingull, m. a horse’s male organ. vin-gæfr,a. procuringfriends (munoss sjásigrekki-gæfrvera); -gœði,n. kindness,amiability; -hallr,a.(1) partial;eigivarhann-hallrídómum, hewasno respecterofpersonsinhisdecisions;(2) =-hollr; -hollr,a. true,steadfastasa friend,affectionateasafriend;-hollrem, friendlytowardsone; -kaup,n. acquisitionofafriend (honumþóttiíþérmest -kaup); -kona,f. femalefriend; -lauss, a. friendless; -margr,a. havingmany friends; -mal, -mæli,n. friendlywords, assertions (Egillþakkaðikonungigjafar ok -mæli).

vinna (vinn; vann, unnum, unninn),v.(1) towork,labour,dowork (Ásmundrvildilítitv.);v.áakriokplœgja, toworkinthefieldandplough;(2) towork, till,cultivate (v.akr,jörðina);(3) towork, perform,do;v.verksin, todoone’swork; þatverðrhverratv.,erætlater, everyone mustdotheworkthatissetbeforehim;þér hafiðmikitstórvirkiunnit, yehavedone agreatdeed;v.eið,sœri, totakeanoath; v.bœtráe-u, toredress;v.e-mbeinleika,beina, toshowhospitalitytoone; v.e-mgeig,bana, toworkharm,death, toone;v.e-músœmd, tobringshame, disgraceonone;v.e-mbót(illt), todo onegood(harm);v.e-mhefnd, totakerevengeon;(4)v.e-m, towaitupon,attend to,tend (Höskuldrbaðhanavinnaþeim hjónum);(5) towin,gain;v.orrustu,sigr, togainabattle,victory;v.sigráe-m, to obtainavictoryover,defeat,one;(6) to win,conquer (v.land,borgir,skip);v.etaptr, torecoverbyconquest,reconquer (v.aptrþatríki,erlátiter);(7) toovercome,master,getthebetterof (þeirætla, atþeimmuniillasœkjastatv.oss);(8) toavail (veitekeigi,hvatþatvinnr);etvinnre-mþörf, itsuffices,issufficient forone (þörfvinnrhverjumprestiatsegjaeinamessu);v.e-matfullu, tobequite sufficientforone,doawaywith,kill (tók hannsóttþá,erhonumvannatfullu); (9) towithstand,withdat.,=v.viðe-u; sköpumviðr(=vinnr)manngi, noman canwithstandhisfate;(10)followedbyan adj.orpp., tomake (v.e-nsáran,reiðan, barðan,felldan);vannhannyfirkominn Harald, hesucceededinvanquishingH.;v. hefnt, totakerevenge;v.annat, toprove; (11) toreach (smíðuðueinnstöpul,þann erþeirætluðuatv.skylditilhimins); (12)withpreps.,v.ate-u, tobebusywith (v.atheyi);v.atsvínum,sauðfé, totend swine,sheep;fáekkiatunnit, toeffect nothing (ekkimunuþérfáatunnitsvá búit);v.ate-m, todoawaywith,kill (þat varmarkatátjaldinu,atSigurðrvannat Fáfni);v.e-tá, todo,effect (höfumvér mikitáunnitívárriferð);v.áe-m, to doonebodilyinjury,=v.áverkaáe-m (meðþannhugatv.áGunnari);v.e-ttil e-s, todoonethinginordertoobtainor effectanother (vildihannv.þattilsættarmeðþeimbrœðrum);þatvilektil vinna, thatIamreadytodo;v.tile-s, tomakeoneselfworthyof,deserve (v.til dauða);v.tilfjárokfrægðar, toactsoasto gainmoneyandfame;v.viðe-u, towithstand (máttihannokeigiviðsköpumv. nésínualdrlagi);v.e-nyfir, toovercome; (13)refl.,vinnast, tolast,suffice;meðan dagrinnvannst, aslongasthedaylasted;Illugieltihannmeðaneyinvannst, to theendoftheisland;festrinvannsteigi

tiljarðar, theropewasnotlongenoughto touchtheground;þarsátukonurútifrá semvannst, astherewasroom;ekvinnst eigitilþératlauna, Iamunabletoreward thee;ekkiunnustþaumjökfyrir, theydid littletosupportthemselves;recipr.,vinnast á, to wound one another. vinna,f. work,labour;veraatvinnu, to be at work. vinnandi (pl. -endr), vinnari,m. worker. vinningr, m. gain, profit. vinnu-fullr,a. havingplentyofwork; -fœrr,a. abletowork; -góðr,a. cleverat work; -greifi,m. over-seer; -hjún,n.pl. work-people,servants onafarm; -lítill, a. doinglittlework; -maðr,m. labourer, man-servant on a farm.

vinr (-ar, -ir),m. friend;íþörfskal vinarneyta, afriendinneedisafriendindeed;hverrásérvinmeðúvinum, every onehasafriendamongfoes;verae-mí vina húsi, to be one’s friend. vin-raun,f. proofoffriendship; -ræði, n.pl. friendliness,=vinsemd; -samliga, adv. inafriendlymanner; -samligr,a. friendly,amicable; -semd, -semi,f. friendliness; -sending,f. friendlymessageorgiftsent; -skapr,m. friendship; -slit,n.pl. breachoffriendship (þetta munokkrverðaat-slitum); -spell,n. spoiling, of friendship. vinstri,a.compar. theleft (áv.hlið,til v. handar).

vin-sælast (d),v.refl. toendearoneselfto (-sælaste-m); -sæld,f. popularity (tókuviðslíktatvaxa-sældirhans); -sæll,a. blessedwithfriends,beloved, popular (hannvar-sællaföllummönnum);maðrinnvarmiklu-sællienáðr, muchmorelikedthanbefore; -tengdr,

pp. boundinfriendship; -traust,n. trust inafriend; -veittliga,adv. kindly,ina friendlymanner; -veittligr,a. friendly; -veittr,a.(1) giveninafriendlyspirit, agreeable,favourable (byrinnekki-veittr);númunekgeraþérum-veitt, nowI willdotheeafriendlyturn;(2)ofpersons, friendlyamiable (úvandblœtrok-veittrat veizlum).

vinza (að), v. to winnow (v. korn).

vin-þurfi, a. in want of a friend. vipr, f. pl. child’s toys (barna v.). vipta, f. woof weft = veptr.

virða (-rða, -rðr),v.(1) tofixthe worthofathing,totax,value (síðanvóru virðféHaflgerðar);(2)fig., tovalue,estimate (þatkannengiv.nemaguðeinn); withgen.,v.e-tmikils, toratehighly, thinkmuchof;v.lítils, tothinkormake lightof;v.e-tengis(einskis), tomake nothingof;v.e-tmeðsjálfumsér, tobethinkoneselfof,consider;konungrvirði mestskáldsín, heheldhispoetsinthe highestestimation;virðijarlhannvel, the earlshowedhimgreathonour;v.til, topay heedto,regard;hannkveðstviljav.til ennheilagaJacobumpostola, hesaidhe wouldrespectthesanctityofSt.James;v. e-ttile-s, toconsider(deem)as (v.e-t tilútrúleikaviðe-n);v.e-tvel,illafyrir e-m, toputittohiscredit,discredit;(3) refl.,virðastvel, tobehighlyesteemed (hannvirðisthvervetnavel);impers., virðistöllummönnumveltilhans, everybodylikedhim;virðistosssvá,sem minnkaðistvársœmdíþví, itseemsto us,wethinkthat…;virðisthannkonunginumafbragðsmaðr, thekingthoughthim to be an exceptional man. virðar, m. pl., poet. men. virði-liga,adv. worthily,honourably;

-ligr,a.(1) worthy,worshipful;(2) stately,imposing (-ligrmaðr);(3)ofthings, fine, splendid (-ligr bústaðr).

virðing,f.(1) valuation (atlögligri virðingu);(2) reputation,honour;geraemþáv., todothathonourtoone;leggjav. áe-n, tomakemuchofone;(3) opinion,esteem; at minni v., in my opinion.

virðinga-maðr,m. amanofdistinctionorrank; -mikill,a. distinguished, worshipful. virðingar-för,f. honourablejourney; -gjarn,a. ambitious; -heimboð,n. honourableinvitation; -hlutr,m. greatcredit (hafa-hlutafe-u); -kona,f. worthy lady; -lauss,a. withouthonour,rank,or distinction; -maðr,m. appraiser; -munr, m. disparityinrank; -ráð,n.(1) respectableestateorcondition;(2) honourableplan; -vænligr, -vænn,a. honourable.

virðinga-samr, a. ambitious. virði-samr, a. vain-glorious.

virðu-liga,adv. respectfully (kveðjaen-liga); magnificently (búast-liga); -ligr, a. worthy, fine, splendid. virgill,m. halter (varv.dreginnáháls honum).

virgil-nár, m. a corpse on a gallows. virki,n.(1) work,=verk;esp.incompds.,ill-,spell-,stór-,þrek-virki;(2) stronghold, castle. virkis-armr,m. wingofacastle; -maðr, m. defender in a castle. virkja (-ti, -t), v. impers. = verkja. virkr,a.(1) working;incompds.,góð-, harð-,mikil-,stór-;virkrdagr, work-day, week-day;(2) careful,painstaking (v.ateu);(3)v.e-m, valuedby,dearto (kærrvar hann ok v. konunginum).

virkt,f.(1) tendercare;Ástríðarlæk-

naðihannmeðmikilliv.;hannbaðaf þeim(=h.baðþá)virktavinumsínum okfrændum, herecommendedhisfriends andkinsmentotheirspecialcharge;ok baðhonumvirktaviðkonunginnáðrþeir skildi, recommendedhimtothekingbefore theyparted;(2) goodwishes;biðjae-m virkta, towishoneallgoodwishes (Ásdís baðhonummargravirkta);(3) fondness, affection;spurði,hverjahlutiH.hefði,þá erhonumværimestv.á, whichweredearesttohim;leggjaáþáallav., tocherish themineveryway;hafae-níkærleikok virktum, toholdoneinloveandaffection; (4)af or meðv.,af or meðvirktum, with specialcare (hannlétgeraskipafvirktum).

virkta-lið,n.=-menn; -maðr,m. a chosenman,favouriteman (-mennSveins konungs);þeirkváðuhannvera-mann, theysaidhewasacapitalman; -ráð,n. excellentadvice; -vel,adv. verywell; -vinr, m. intimate friend. virku-liga, adv. carefully. virtr, n. wort (in brewing).

visinn, a. wizened, withered. visk, f. wisp (hálm-visk, sef-visk).

visna (að),v. towither (höndvisnaði; visnuð hönd).

vissa,f. certainknowledge,certainty (hafavissuafe-u);gerae-mvissuafe-u, to give notice of.

vissu-liga,adv. certainly (vita-liga); -ligr, a. certain (-lig ván).

vist (pl. -ir),f.(1) stay;hannfórtil vistartilHliðarenda, hewenttostayat H.;hannvarvistummeðföðursínum, hestayedwithhisfather;(2) abode (margareruþávistirgóðarokmargarillar); veitae-mv., tolodgeone;(3) food,provisions,ofteninpl.;øngav.þarfhann, he

requiresnofood;v.okdrykkr, meatand drink;Hrappþrautvistiríhafi, H.ran short off provisions at sea. vista (að),v.(1) tolodge,findlodgings andfoodfor (hannvistarkaupmennnær skipi);(2) tofurnishwithfood,provisions (þatvarþáháttr,atmennvistuðusik sjálfirtilþings);(3)refl.,vistast, totake upafixedabode,stay,sojourn (hannvildi hér v. um sumarit).

vista-byrðingr,m. store-ship; -fang, n. provisionsstores; -far,n. domicile; -fátt,a.n. runningshortofprovisions (hannhafði,orhonumvar,-fátt); -ferli,n.=-far; -fæð,f. lackofprovisions; -gjald,n. contributioninfood (leggja -gjaldáe-n); -gnótt, plentyofprovisions; -lauss,a. withoutprovisions; -leysi,n. lackofprovisions; -malr,m. provision-bag.

vistar-far,n. domicile;fara-farláenstað, togotostayataplace; -gørð,f. fare (eigierhérvönd-gørð); -laun,n. pl. board-wages; -maðr,m. lodger,boarder; -taka,f. foraging; -tekja,f. sojourning,boarding (bjóðae-mmargakostium -tekju); -veizla,f. boardingorhousingof a person; -vera, f. sojourn. vista-skip,n. provision-ship; -skortr, m. want of provisions. vist-fang,n.=vistafang; -fastr,a. havingafixedabode; -lauss,a. homeless, withnofixeddomicile (ekemmaðr -lauss).

visundr (gen. -s or -ar,pl. -ar)m. bison-ox. vit,n.(1) consciousness;hafav.sitt,vita vitssíns, tobeinone’ssenses,beconscious;(2) intelligence,cognizance;á.fárra(allra)mannaviti, withinfew(all)men’s knowledge;(3) wit,understanding,reason; velvitiborinn, withagoodunderstanding;gangaafvitinu, togooutofone’swits, gomad (hannvarðsváhræddr,athann gekknáligaafvitinu);þatermittv.,at, itismyopinionthat;(4) sense,organof sense (ekkiv.mannsheyrirnemaeyru); (5)pl., aplacewhereathingiskept,receptacle (varðveitae-tívitumsínum);(6) visiting,searching;fórM.jarlvestrum hafáv.ríkissins, M.returnedtohiskingdom;ríðaáv.sín, tolookafterone’sown affairs.

vit or við, pers. pron. dual, we two. vita (veit, vissa, vitaðr),v.(1) to havesense,beconscious (hannvarenneigiørendr,envissiþóekki);withgen., gráðugrhalr,nemageðsviti, unlesshehas hissensesabouthim;(2) toknow;engivissiskaparasinn, nooneknewhismaker; þeirervelmartvitu, thosewhoknow manythings;v.siksaklausan, toknow oneselftobeinnocent;veiztþú,hvatþér manverðaatbana, dostthouknowwhat willbethecauseofthydeath?;v.skyn áe-m, toknowone;Flosikvaðsteigiv. skyná,hverirlögmennværibeztir, F. saidthatheknewnothingaboutwhowere thebestlawyers;v.ván or vánire-s, toexpect,lookfor (G.vissislíksmatarþarekkiván);v.fram, tobeprescient,knowthe future;veitþattrúamin, uponmyfaith!; (3) tosee,trytofindout (baðþáv.,hvat afGrettiyrði);vittu,efþúhjálpir, see ifthoucansthelp;vit,atþánáirsverði því, trytogetthatsword;(4) tolook,be turnedtowards;v.upp,fram,aptr, tolook (beturned)upwards,forwards,backwards; v.mótisólu,atsjánum, tofacethesun, thesea;v.tilnorðrættar, tolooknorth; ormahöfuðöllvituinníhúsit, allthe headsoftheserpentslookintothehall;

withgen.,þeirfunduvínviðalltþarsem holtavissi, theyfoundthevinewherever therewaswoodland;(5) tocomeundera certainhead;sökinveittillands-laga,en ekkitilBjarkeyjar-réttar, thecasecomes underthecountry-law,andnotunderthe town-law;(6) tobode,betoken,withgen. (ekkivitaslíkorðlítils);þatmuneigiøngratíðindav., thisbetokensnosmalltidings;(7) tomean,havesuchandsuchbearing;hvatveitópþetta, whatmeansthis shouting?;eigiveitþannigvið, thatisnot thecase;segmérhitsanna,hversuvið veit, howthingsstand;okrœdduumþat, atnúmundivelv., thatthingswerelikelytotakeagoodturn;(8)withpreps.,v. afe-u, toknowof (ekkivissiá.afkaupi þeira);v.e-tatsér, toknowoneselftobe guiltyof;v.e-teptirsér=v.e-tatsér (v.eptirsérslíkanglœp);v.e-tfrásér, tobeconscious(sensible)of (ekvarsvá syfjaðr,atekvissafáttfrámér);v.e-t fyrir, toknowbeforehand (ørlögsínviti engimaðrfyrir);v.tile-s,v.tilume-t, to knowof (ekkivissulandsmenntilumferð Þórólfs);v.ekkitilsín,v.ekkitilmanna, tohavelostconsciousness,one’ssenses; recipr. toknowofananother (þeirvissust jafnantilíhafinu);v.ume-t, tomakeinquiriesabout (faraatv.ume-t); toknow about (eigiveitekumgamanþetta);v.etviðe-n, togettoknowathing,fromone (munekv.viðskipverjamina,hvatþeim sýnist ráð).

vitaðr,pp.(1) known,proved;(2) marked out (sá er þeim völlr of v.).

vita-karl, m. beacon-watchman. vitand,f. knowledge,privity (varþat görtmeðyðvarriv.okráði);atminni (várri) v., to my (our) knowledge. vitan-ligr, a. known (-ligr e-m).

vita-vörðr, m. beacon-watch. vit-fátt,a.n. shortofwit (e-mverðr -fátt); -firring, f. insanity, madness. viti,m.(1) token,mark,signal;þatþótti eigigóðsv., itbodednothinggood;(2)as anaut.term;hafavitaaflandi, tostand sonearlandastobeawareofit;(3) abeacon,kindledasawarningsignal(brenna, kveikja, kynda vita).

vitja (að),v. togotoaplace,tovisit (tókhannþatráðatv.eigioptarrtilÍslands);withgen.,v.frændasinna, tovisit one’skinsmen;atþeirmundikomaokv. Gizurar, fiayG.avisit,attackhimathis home;þóttustþeirvita,hvarhansvarat v., wherehewastobefound;þeirvitja graðungsins, theywenttofetchthebull; v.ráðahags,ráðs, tocometofetchone’s bride;v.einkamála,heita, tocometo claimthefulfilmentofanagreement,or promise. vitjan,f. visit (hafiðþérveittosssæmd með v. yðvarrar tignar).

vitkast (-að),v.refl.(1) torecover one ’ ssenses;(2) torecoverfromaswoon (úvit).

vitki,m. wizard;vitkalíki, intheform of a wizard. vit-lausa,f.=-leysa; -lauss,a.(1) mad (hannhleyprþegarsemhannsévitlauss);(2) unconscious,senseless (Ölvirlá þar-lauss,enBárðrveginn);(3) foolish (-laussokillviljaðr); -leysa,f. madness, nonsense; -leysi,n. madness,nonsense; -leysingr,m. awitless,foolishperson; -lítill,a. small-witted; -maðr,m. aman ofgreatintellect,cleverman; -menni,n. amanofgreatintellect,cleverman; -mikill, a. of great intellect, clever. vitna (að),v.(1) towitness,attest,with acc.(v.málit);(2)v.undire-n, tocallone

vitna-laust

as a witness.

vitna-laust, adv. without witnesses. vitneskja, f. signal, sign (góð v.).

vitni,n.(1) witness,testimony;berav., tobearwitness;berae-mgottv., tobear onegoodwitness;(2)=váttr, witness,of persons;nefnav., tocallwitnesses;(3) evidence,outwardmark,orsign (varþarorpinn sá haugr til vitnis).

vitnir (gen. -is), m. poet. wolf. vitnis-burðr,m. abearingwitness; givingevidence,testimony; -bœrr,a. able tobearwitness; -fastr,a. provedbyevidence; -fjall,n. themountofthe covenant; -lauss,a. unattested (-lausar sögur); -maðr,m. witness,=váttr; -órk, f. the ark of the covenant.

vit-orð,n.(1) knowledge (ekkivarmargranianna-orðáhansætterni)veraá(í, með)e-s-orði, tobeknowntoone (þatvar ámargramanna-orði);(2) privity (veraí ráðum ok -orðum með e-m um verk).

vitorðs-maðr,m. apersoncognizant (maðr þess verks).

vitr (acc. vitran), a. wise (v. maðr).

vitra,f.(1)wisdom, sagacity;(2) knowledge (v. góðs ok ills).

vitra (að),v. tomanifest,reveal (v. mönnumúorðnahluti);refl.,vitrast, to revealoneself,appearinadreamorvision (mikiterumfyrirburðislíka,erhann sjálfr vitrast okkr).

vitran,f.(1) revelation;(2) vision,appearance in a dream.

vitringr (-s, -ar),m. wiseman,sage (var þorgnyr inn mesti v.).

vitr-leikr, m. wisdom, sagacity. vitrleiks-maðr, m. = vitringr.

vitr-liga,adv. wisely,withwisdom; -ligr,a. wise,judicious,sensible (-lig stjórn,ráðagørð); -máll,a. wisein

speech (hon er væn ok -mál).

vits-munir,m.pl. sense,sagacity;koma á -muni við e-n, to outwit one. vit-stola,a.indecl., -stolinn,pp. out of one’s mind, insane. vitt, n. sorcery, charms. vitta (-tta),v.poet. tobewitch,charm (vitti hon ganda).

vitta-fullr, a. full of charms. vittugr, a. skilled in witchcraft. vitugr, a. sensible, clever. vitund, f. = vitand.

vit-vandr, a. requiring cleverness. vizka, f. wisdom, sagacity. vizkr, a. clever, sensible (vel v.). vizku-bragð,n. wisecontrivance; -liga,adv. wisely; -ligr,a. wise; -maðr, m. wiseman; -munr,m. differenceinwit; -samligr,a. wise; -tré,n. thetreeof knowledge. víða (-ara, -ast),adv.(1) widelyfar andwide,inmanyplaces (vóruþeirþví ágætariokvíðfrægrisemþeirfóru víðara);víðastumveröldina (inthewide world) fannsteigisámaðr;(2) largely,extensively (hann ló v. frá).

víða (-dda, -ddr),v. towiden (braut ísinn ok víddi vökina).

víðatta,f. wideness,openness,ofa district (farið nú á viðáttu jarðar).

vídd, f. width, wideness, extension. víðerni, n. extension, extent. víð-faðmr,a. extensive,far-reaching; -fleygr,a. wide-flying; -frægja (-ða, -ðr),v. tomakewidelyknown; -frægr,a. far-renowned,famous; -förli,f. extensive travelling; -förull, a. far-travelling. víði-hæll, m. a peg of willow. víðir (gen. -is),m. willow (sjádalrer mjök víði vaxinn).

víðka (að), v. to widen.

víð-leikr,m. width,extent; -lenda (-nda),v. toextend,enlargeaterritory; -lendi,n. broadlands,widenessoflands, extent; -lendr,a. havingextensivelands, of a king.

víðr,a. wide,large,extensive (víðirskógar);ávíðavega, widelyabroad,broadcast;víðsvegar, inalldirections (flýja, dreifast víðs vegar); víðs fjarri, far away. víð-læss,a. far-roaming;ofdeer; -sýnn,a. withwideprospect (áhaugum nökkurum, þar sem -sýnt var).

víf, n. poet. woman, wife. vífandi,pr.p.,inthephrase,komaat v., to arrive as by chance. vífinn, a. given to women. vífl, f. cudgel, bat, used in washing. víg,n.(1) fight,battle;eigav.mótie-m, tofightagainst;eigav.saman, tohavea fighttogether;verjae-tvígi, todefendby fighting;(2) homicide,man-slaughter (vega v.).

víga-far,n. battle,slaughter (úfriðrok -far); -ferði,n., -ferðir,f.pl., -ferli, n.pl. man-slayings (manþettaupphaf -ferlaþinna); -guð,n. godofbattle; -hugr,m.=víghugr; -maðr,m. afighting man; -maðr mikill, a great manslayer. víg-áss,m. war-beam,fordefence(þeir höfðu-ásaídyrum); -djarfr,a. daring infight,stout-hearted; -drótt,f. warriors; -fimi,f. skillinarms; -fimr,a. skilledinfeatsofarms; -flaki,m. mantlet ofboards; -fleki,m.(1)=-flaki;(2)= -gyrðill; -frekr,a. eagerforfight; -frœkn,a. martial,gallant; -fœrr,a. abletofight; -gyrðill,m. ashelterused onshipsduringbattle; -gyrðla (að),v. to protect,fortifywith ‘víggyrðlar’; -hestr, m. war-horse; -hugr,m. warlike(murderous) mood.

vígi (gen.pl. vígja),n.(1) vantage ground,stronghold (klettrinnvarvíðr ofanokv.gott);(2) thebulwarksorgunwale of a ship.

vígis-munr,m. differenceinvantageground (þarvarsvámikill-munr,atþar mundi ekki vinna bergit).

vígja (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) tohallow,consecrate,inaheathensense(tókupp hamarinnMjölniokvígði hafrstökurnar);(2)inaChristiansense, toconsecrate,ordain (vígjabiskup,prest, djákn;vígjae-ntilbiskups,prests,konungs).

víg-kœni,f.=-fimi; -kœnn,a.=-fimr; -kœnska,f.=-kœni; -leysi,n. defencelessness; -lið,n. warriors; -ligr,a. martial,doughty;-ligrávelliatsjá, ofmartial appearance; -ljóss,a. havingdaylightfor fighting,(þávarþósvákveldat,ateigi var-ljóst); -maðr,m. warrior; -mannliga,adv. martially; -mannligr,a. martial; -málugr,a. giventotalkofbattle; -móðr,a. wearyinbattle; -nest,n.poet. armour (?); -nesta böl, sword or spear. vígr,a.(1) infightingcondition,ableto fight (hafameðossallavíga.menn);v. vel, wellskilledinarms,(2)þeirdrápu karlaþá,ervígtvarat, theysmotethemen that might be slain. víg-reiðr,a. inwarlikemood; -risinn, a. gallantinwar; -risni,f. prowessin arms; -roð,n., roði,m. glowofwar (verpr -roða um víkinga).

vígsakar-aðili,m. prosecutorinasuit formanslaughter; -bœtr,f.pl.=vígsbœtr.

vígs-bœtr,f.pl. compensationfor manslaughter; -gengi,n. backingonein battle (veitae-m-gengi); -gjöld,n.pl.= vígs-bœtr.

víg-skarða V víkja

víg-skarða (að),v. tofurnishwithramparts,fortify; -skár,a. exposedtowar (skáttríki); -skerðr,pp. furnishedwith ‘vígskörð’; -skörð,n.pl. battlements, ramparts.

vígsla,f. consecration,ordination (taka vígslu af biskupi).

víg-sloði,m. thesectionoflawtreating of battle and manslaughter.

vígslu-dagr, -eiðr,m. day,oathof consecration; -faðir,m. ordainingfather (ofabishop); -gull,n. coronationring; -gørð,f. performanceofordination; -hrútr,m. sacrificialram; -hönd,f. ordaininghand;leggja-hendryfire-n, to layhandson,ofabishop; -kaup,n. coronationfee; -klæði,n.pl. consecration robes; -maðr,m. oneinholyorders; -skrúð,n. coronationrobes; -sverð,n. coronation sword; -vatn, f. holy water. vígs-mál, n. a suit for manslaughter. víg-spár,a. bodingofwar; -spjöll,n. pl. tidings of war. vígs-víti,n. punishmentformanslaughter. víg-sök,f. suitofmanslaughter; -tól, n.pl. murderoustools; -tönn,f. canine tooth,tusk; -vél,f. war-trick,war-engine; -völlr,m. battle-field; -völr,m. ‘battlestick’,weapon; -þrima,f. dinofbattle; -þrot,n. endofthebattle; -æsa,v. tofurnish with vígásar; -ór, f. a kind of dart. vík (gen. víkr,pl. víkr),f. inlet,small bay;róav.áe-n, torowoneround,getthe better of one. víking,f. freebootingvoyage,piracy, (hannvarív.ásumrumokfekksérfjár); liggjaívíkinguokhernaði, tobeengaged infreebootingexpeditionandwarfare;fara í v., to go out on a freebooting expedition. víkinga-bœli,n. hauntofsea-rovers

(vikings); -höfðingi,m. chiefofvikings; -lið,n. companyofvikings; -skeið,f., -skip, n. viking’s ship. víkingligr, a. like a viking. víkingr (-s, -ar),m.(1) freebooter,searover,pirate,viking (FlókiVilgerðarson hétmaðr,hannvarv.mikill);(2)inlater times, robber, highwayman. víkings-efni,n. onelikelytobecomea great viking. víkingskapr (gen. -ar), m. piracy. víkja (vík; veik, vikum; vikinn),v. (1) tomove,turn,withdat.(sveinninn máttihvergiv.höfðinu);hannveiksér hjádyrunum, hepassedbythedoor;v.emafhendi, toturnoneoff,dismiss;v.euafsér, todecline (A.veikþvíafsér);v. e-utilráða(atkvæða)e-s, tohanditover toone’sdecision;v.tali,rœðu,málitiles, toturnone’sspeechtoone,addressoneselftoone;v.tile-s, tomention,referto (hefrhannsvákvæðit,athannvíkrtil Ólafskonungs);v.tilviðe-n, tobroachit toone;v.áe-t, tohintat (Þ.víkránökkut íÞorgeirsdrápuámisþokkaþeira);v.á viðe-n=v.tilviðe-n;víkjasvábœkrtil, at, thebooksindicatethat;(2) tomove,go (þeirvíkjaþegareptirþessummönnum); v.aptr, toreturn (þeirvíkuaptrokleita þeira);hannveikheim, hereturnedhome; v.tilnorðrættar, totrendnorth (þatríki víkrtilnorðrættar);v.inntilhafnar, to veerroundandseekharbour (önnurskipin vikuinntilhafnaafleiðinni);v.eptirem, tofollowone’sexample;v.eptire-u, toyieldto (v.eptirfreistingufjándans); (3)impers. toturn,trend;landinuvíkrtil landnorðrs, thelandtrendstonorth-east; sváveikviðrveginum,atþarvarhraungatamikil, theroadwasofthisnature;nú veiksvávið,atliðitfóryfiráeinamik-

la, nowitcametopass;núvíkrsögunni vestrtilBreiðafjarðardala, nowthestory turnswesttoB.;enþarveikannanveg af, itturnedoutquiteanotherway;(4)refl.,víkjast, toturnoneself;v.aptr, toreturn;hónsatokveiksteigi, shesatand stirrednot;v.eptire-u, toturnafter,imitate;v.undane-u, toevade,decline;v.undanviðe-n, torefuseone;v.undirhlýðni viðe-n, todohomageto;v.viðe-t, torespondto (kvaðhannvelhafavikiztviðsína nauðsyn).

víkjanligr, a. yielding, pliant. víkva, v. = víkja (v. skapi sínu til e-s). vík-verjar,m.pl. themenfromthedistrict ‘Vík’ inNorway; -verskr,a. fromthe ‘Vík’, of persons.

víl,n. wisely,wretchedness (v.okerfiði); -mögr,m. wretch,bondsman; -siðr,m. misery,distress; -sinni,n. misery,distress;-sinnisspá, evilprophecy; -stígr, m. path of misery, woeful path. vín,n. wine; -belgr,m. wine-bag; -ber,n. grape; -berill (pl. -berlar), m. wine-vessel. vínberja-köngull,m. bunchof grapes.

vín-byrli,m. cup-bearer; -dropi,m. dropofwine; -drukkinn,pp. drunken withwine; -drykkja,f. wine-drinking; -drykkr,m. drinkofwine; -fat,n. winevat; -fátt,a. shortageofwine,scarcityof wine; -ferill,m. wine-vat; -garðr,m. vineyard. víngarðs-fágari, m. vine-dresser. vín-guð,m. thewine-god,Bacchus; -hús,n. wine-house; -höfugr,a. heavy withwine (skálirvínhöfgar); -kaggr,m. wine-jar; -ker,n. wine-beaker; -kjallari, m. wine-cellar. vín-land,n. Wineland,partofNorth

America (Vínland it góða).

vínlands-ferð, -för,f. expeditionto Wineland. vín-laukr,m. akindofgrassorherb; -lauss,a. wineless; -leysi,n. lackof wine; -óðr,a. wine-mad,drunk; -órar, m.pl. wine-ravings; -pottr,m. wine-pot; -tré,n. vine,vine-plant; -tunna,f. wine-cask; -viði,n., -viðr,m. vine,= -tré; -þröng, f. wine-press. víra-virki, n. ‘wire-work’, filigree. vírr, m. wire, thread of metal. vísa (að,rarely -ta, -t),v. toshow, pointout,indicate;v.e-mleið, toshowone theway;v.augumíe-n, todirect,fixthe eyesonone;v.hundiatmanní, toseta houndonaperson;v.e-mtilsætis, toshow onewheretosit;v.e-mtillandskostar, todirectonetothebestoftheland;þeir vísuðuhonumtilKols, theyshowedhim thewaytoKol,toldhimwherehewasto befound;v.e-mtilvegar, toshowonethe road;v.e-mfrá, tosendoneaway,reject anapplication;v.áe-t, topointat,indicate (fleirieruþautíðindi,erkvæðitvísar á);v.svátil,at, toindicate (vísaoksvátil enskarbœkr,at);impers.,vísarsvátilí söguBjarnar, itisindicated,referredto,in thestoryofB.;withinfin.,v.e-matgera e-t, to tell, prompt one to do a thing. vísa,f. verse,strophe,stanza (hannorti kvæði ok eru þessar vísur í).

vísa-eyrir, m. fixed, regular income. vísan,f. direction,instruction (núskulu þeir fara eptir minni v.).

vísa-ván, f. a thing sure to happen. vís-bending,f. signal;gerae-m-bending, togiveoneasignal; -dómr,m.(1) knowledge,intelligence;berafullan(sannan)-dómáe-t, toknowforcertain;(2) wisdom, wise talk, opp. to ‘heimska’.

vísdóms-fullir,a. fullofwisdom, wise; -kona,f. wisewoman,sibyl; -maðr, m.(1) sage;(2) soothsayer,prophet; -meistari, m. magician. vísendi, n. pl. = vísindi.

vís-eyrir,m. aking’sregularrevenue; cf. ‘vísa-eyrir’.

vísi, m. poet. leader, chief. vísinda-bók,f. learnedbook; -kona,f. wisewoman,sibyl; -maðr,m. soothsayer; -svör,n.pl. answersinformation; -tré, n. thetreeofknowledge; -vegr,m. the way of knowledge or truth. vísindi,n.pl.(1) knowledge,intelligence;takav.afe-u, todrawinformation fromathing;sváersagtífornumvísindum,at, inoldlore(inoldsongs)itissaid that;hann(viz.Mímir)erfullrafvísindum, heisfullofwisdom(knowledge);vita e-tmeðvísindumatsegja, toknowfor certain;(2) revelation (urðumörgvsýnd mönnumídraumum);(3) magicart (fara með vísindum ok spádóm).

vísir,m.(1) leader,king,=vísi;(2) sprout (sýndist mér vísirinn vaxa).

vís-leikir,m. knowledge,wisdom; -liga,adv.(1) forcertain (vita-liga);(2) wisely; -ligr,a. certain,sure,safe (þykkir mér vísligra at fara aptr í ríki mitt).

víss,a.(1) certain (þóttihonumsérþá vísaridauðienlíf);þóttekvitavísanbanaminn, thoughIknowmydeathissure; verðae-sv., toascertain,becomeawareof (ekmunþessabráttv.verðaafkonungi); impers.,þessamunaldrivístverða, this willneverbeknown;verðae-sv.ume-t, afe-u, togetsomeinformationof,asto; víssvitandi, knowingly,intentionally;(2) wise (I.varinnvísastimaðríöllu);(3) known (núliðusvásexvetr,atþettavarð eigivist);(4)neut.asadv.,vitae-tvíst,

toknowforcertain;þatvilekvíst, surelyI will;vísteigi, certainlynot,bynomeans; atvísu, certainly,surely (hannhefirþatat vísuíhugsér);tilvíss, forcertain (sjá,vitakennae-ttilvíss)fyrirvíst=tilvíss; acquaintedwith (dvergarveggbergsvísir). vísu-helmingr,m. halfastrophe; -lengd,f. lengthofastrophe; -orð,n. a line of a strophe. vís-vitaðr, pp. known for certain. víta (-tta, -ttr),v. tofine,sconce (víttrertunúskáld,erþúkemreigiundir borð).

víta-verðr,a. worthyofpunishmentor fine. víti,n.(1) punishment;skapae-mv. fyrire-t, topunishoneforathing;fá,taka v., tosufferpunishment (Þorgilssegir,at húnskalv.fyrirtaka);látasérannars v.atvarnaði, tobewarnedbyanother’s woe;(2) fine,mulct,=févíti(gjaldav.);(3) sconce,=borðvíti;enerkomatjólum, vóruv.uppsögð, butwhenYulecamethe sconces were declared. vítis-horn,n. sconce-hornorcup; -lauss,a. withoutpunishment,blameless; -leysi, n. impunity. vítka, v. to blame (v. e-n e-s).

vítt, adv. far, = víða. víxl,n., onlyinthephrase,ávíxl(1) passingbyoneanotherinoppositedirections (bryggjursvábreiðar,atakamátti vögnumá,v.);(2) across;standaáv.fótunum, to stand cross-legged. víxlingr, m. changeling, = skiptingr. víxtr or víxltr,pp. changed,ofa changeling (at hann myndi v. vera).

voga (að), v. to dare, venture. voldugr, a. powerful, = völdugr. væða (-dda, -ddr), v. to clothe. vægð (pl. -ir),f. mercy,forbearance

(eiga øngrar vægðar ván).

vægtar-lauss,a. merciless,exacting; -laust, adv. without mercy.

vægi,n. weight,moment;veralítils vægis, to be of small moment.

vægi-liga,adv. forbearingly,leniently; -ligr, a. forbearing, lenient (-ligr dómr).

væginn, a. lenient, yielding.

vægja (-ða, -t),v.(1) togivewayto, withdat.;v.göngunni, toyieldtheroad, whentwomeetoneanother;(2)absol., togiveway,yield (jafnanvægirhinnvitrari);v.fyrire-m, togivewaytoone (hón kvaðstaldriv.skyldufyrirHallgerði);v. eptire-m,v.viðe-n, toyieldtoone;(3) totemper,withdat.(v.reiðisinni);v. dómum, totemperjudgement;v.orða atkvæðum, toforbearfromwords;(4) to spare,withdat.(Þorkellbaðjarlv.bóndum);(5)refl.,vægjast, toyield,giveway (betraeratv.titgóðsenbægjasttilills); v. til við e-n, to give way to one.

vægja (-ði, -t),v.impers. toemitmatter (vágr), suppurate (hendrhanshafði vægt ok fœtr).

væg-leiðinn, a. = væginn (við e-n).

vægr,a. nicelybalanced,ofscales(vægar skálir).

væl, n. wailing. vælan, f. wailing.

væla (að), v. to wail. væna (-da, -dr),v.(1) togiveonehope of,v.e-me-s or e-u(v.e-mmiskunnarok eilífrardýrðar);(2) toween,think (íkveld væniek,atekheitiÚfeigr);impers.,envænir,at, onethinksthat (vænirmik nú,atþeirhafiaptrsnúit);(3)v.e-neu, tochargeonewithathing (v.e-nlygi);(4)refl.,vænaste-s or e-u, tohopefor (vænisthannokøngramannaliðveizlu); v. e-u, to boast of.

vænd (pl. -ir),f. prospect,expectation (er í þær vændir komit, at).

vændis-fólk,n. wickedpeople; -höfðingi,m. wicked,badchief; -kona, f. harlot; -maðr, m. miscreant. væng-brotinn, pp. broken-winged. vængi, m. cabin on board a ship. vængjaðr, a. furnished with wings. væng-knúi, m. the wing joint. vængr (-jar, -ir),m.(1) wing (með vængjunumhuldihannlanditallt);(2) wing of a budding, esp. of a church. væni,n. prospect;þóttiöllummikilsills afv., everyonethoughtthatmuchevil might be looked for. væning (pl. -ar), f. imputation. vænkast (að),v. tobidfair,lookwell, takeagoodturn (þykkirþeimv.umsinn hag).

væn-leikr,m. bodilybeauty (þávar þeimeintalatumHelgu,oklofaðihann mjök -leik hennar).

vænleiks-maðr, a. a fine man. væn-liga,adv. hopefully,promisingly; -ligr,a. hopeful,promising,fine (mikill maðr ok -ligr).

vænn,a.(1) likely,tobeexpected (er vænst,atliðnarsémínarlífsstundir);(2) biddingfair,likelytosucceed (eigimundi íannatsinnvænnaatfaraatjarli);hér ferrvæntat, hereitgoesfairly;(3)ofpersons, hopeful,promising (Björnþóttiv.til höfðingja);(4) fairtobeholdfine,beautiful (vænkonaokkurteis);ofthings, fine (kross v. með líkneskjum).

vænta (-nta, -nt),v.(1) togiveone hopeof,v.e-me-u(ekvæntiþérsættinni, enekheiteigi);(2) tohopefor,expect, withgen.(væntumvérossgóðraviðtakna);v.tile-s, tohopefor;v.íe-u, to hopein,setone’shopein (væntumíhans

miskunn);(3)impers.,(þess)væntir mik,at, Iexpect(hope)that (væntirmik enn, at honum fari vel).

vænting, f. hope, expectation.

væpna (-ta, -tr), v. to arm.

vær, pron. we, = vér.

væra, f. snugness, warmth.

værð,f. rest,tranquility (samfararþeira vóru eigi með værðum).

væri,n. abode,shelter (þeirátuhvárki vist né v. í Víkinni).

væringja-lið,n. thebodyofthe Værings; -lög,n.pl. theleague,guildof the V.; -seta, f. the guard of the V. væringjar,m.pl. Varangians,Northernwarriorswhoservedasbodyguardto the emperors of Constantinople.

vær-leikr, m. rest, peace, tranquillity. værr,a.(1) snug,comfortable, peaceful (samfararþeiravórueigiværar);íværu ranni, inthepeacefulhall;honumgerðist ekkimjökvært, hedidnotfeelmuchat ease;(2)neut.,vært, fittobeorstayata place (þérerekkivelværthérílandi);eigierykkrsamanvært, yecannotlivetogether.

væru-gjarn,a. fondofrestandwarmth. væstr,pp. wornoutbywetandtoil (kómu þeir væstir til bœjar).

væta,f. wet,sleet,rain (vóruvætur miklar bæði nætr ok daga).

væta (-tta, -ttr),v. towet,makewet (at v. allan senn dúkinn).

vætr,n.indecl. nought;hyggstv.hvatr fyrir, avaliantmanfearsnothing;with gen., v. manna, no man; v. véla, no fraud. vætt (pl. -ir),f.(1)prop. weight (þat féallt,eratvættumskalkaupa);(2)of adefiniteweight,inNorway=1/24of a‘skippund’;inIceland=80lbs.(þrjár vættir ullar).

vætt, n. lid of a chest or shrine. vætta (-tta, -tt), v. = vænta. vætt-fangr, m., see ‘vættvangr’. vætti,n. witness,testimony (berav.; fœra fram v. sín).

vættis-burðr, m. bearing witness. vættki (gen. vættkis, vættugis; dat. vættugi),n. nowhitnothing, nought,=ekkivætta;hafðaekþessv. vífs, Igotnofavourfromthatlady;vættugisverðr, worthless;varratvættugi, fearing nothing. vættr (pl. -ir),f.(1) wight,being;þegi þú,rögv., holdthytongue,vilebeing;(2) esp. asupernaturalbeing;hjálpiþérhollar vættir, waythegraciouspowershelpthee; heiðnarvættir, heathenfiends;illarvættir, evilbeings;(3)ekkivætta, nowhit, nothingatall (höfðuþeirekkivættaat sök);asadv. notatall (ekkivættahræddr);ønguvættavildihanneira, hewould not spare anything. vætt-rim or vett-rim,f. ?aridge along the middle of a sword-blade. vætt-vangr,m. thespotwhereabattle, assault, or manslaughter has taken place. vættvangs-bjargir,f.pl. theaiding orabettinganassaultontheveryspot; -búar,m.pl. neighbourstothesceneof action, to be summoned as ‘búar’. vætu-drifa,f. sleet; -lopt,n. moist air; -sumar, n. wet summer. vœðr, a. fordable, = œðr. vöðull (pl. vöðlar), m. = vaðill. vöðva-sár,n., -skeina,f. flesh-wound, slight wound. vöðvi,m. muscle (Grettirhjótilhansá lærit hœgra svá at ór tók allan vöðvann).

vög (pl. vegr), f. lever. vögn (pl. vagnir),f. akindofwhale,a dolphin or grampus.

vögn-, vögnu-hvalr, m. = vögn.

vögur, f. pl. bier, hand-barrow.

vök (gen. vakar,pl. vakir and vakar),f. ahole,openingintheice (hann hratt hestinum í v. eina).

vökna (að), v. to become wet. vökóttr, a. full of holes, of ice. vökr (acc. -van),a. wet,moist (þeira líkamir eru vökvir ok vátir).

vöku-,gen.from‘vaka’; -líð,n. watching-people,scouts; -maðr,m. watchman; -nótt, f. watchful night. vöku-,gen.from‘vökva’; -samr,a. moist; -skortr, m. want of moisture. vökva (gen. vöku),f. moisture,humidity.

vökvi, m. moisture, humidity.

vökva (að),v.(1) tomoisten,water (v. landit,pálmviðinn);(2)=vekja;v.sér blóð, to make blood flow.

vökvi, m. moisture, fluid, = vökva. völdug-leikr,m. power,authority;as a title, yðvarr -leikr, your highness. völdugr,a. mighty,powerful (v.ok mikils ráðandi).

völdug-skapr (-ar),m.=völdugleikr.

völdu-liga,adv. proudly (láta-liga); -ligr, a. powerful. völlr (gen. vallar,dat. velli;pl. vellir,acc.völlu),m.(1) field,(level) ground (þarvöruvíðavellirsléttir);kasta sérniðrviðvellinum, tocastoneselfdown flatontheground;leggjae-nvið (or at) velli, tolayonelevelwiththeground,kill one;húsmínliggjaviðvelli, myhouselies antheground,isdemolished;laussávelli, looseintheranks,notsteady;fastrá velli, firm,steady;vígligrávelliatsjá, martialtolookat;friðr,mikillávelli, of fine,stout,appearance;(2) manuredfield,

meadow (reiða á völl).

völr (gen. valar,dat. veli;pl. velir, acc. völu),m. roundstick,staff;cf. ‘hjálm-, rið-, vígvölr’.

völu-leiði, n. sibyl’s barrow. völundr (-ar, -ar),m. mastersmith, greatartist (Hrafnvarv.athagleikbæði at tré ok at járni).

völva (gen. völu;pl. völur),f. prophetess,sibyl,wisewoman,witch (fóru þáumlanditspákonur,erkallaðarvóru völur).

vömb (gen. vambar),f. ‘womb’,belly, paunch; kýla vömbina, to fill the belly. vömm (gen. vammar), f. disgrace. vöndla (að),v. tomakeupintoabundle (v. e-t upp).

vöndr (gen. vandar,dat. vendi;pl. vendir,acc. vöndu),m.(1) wand, switch,twig (sverðitbeiteigiheldren vendiberðium);snúavöndíháre-m, to twistawandinone’shair,preparatoryto beheadingaculprit;(2) stripe,incloth (segl stafat vendi blám ok rauðum).

vöndull,m. bundleofhay (tókuþeir vöndul heys fyrir hvern hest).

vör (gen. varar,pl. varar),f.(1) a fenced-inlanding-place (siglaórvörum); (2) wake; (3) = vörr, m. vörð (pl. varðir), f. poet. woman. vörðr (gen. varðar,dat. verði;pl. verðir,acc. vörðu),m.(1) ward,warder (Heimdallrerv.goða);hafaásérvörðu, tohavewatchesout (þeirhöfðuá,sér vörðu;Sverrirkonungrhafðifengitnjósn af,hvarverðirþeiravöru);(2) guard, watch;haldavörð, tokeepwatchorguard; gangaávörð, tomountguard;veraá verði, tobeonguard;veitae-uvörð, to watch, take care of. vörn (gen. varnar,pl. varnir),f.(1)

defence (munhansv.uppi,meðanlandit erbyggt);tilvarnar, fordefence (þeir höfðuenganliðskosttilvarnar);(2)in law, defence,opp.to‘sókn’;bjóðatilvarna, tocallonthedefendanttobeginhis pleadings;fœrav.framfyrirmál, toact forthedefendantinasuit;(3) apointfor thedefence,exception;Ásgrímitókstsvá til,atv.varímálihans, thattherewasa flaw in his suit. vörnuðr,m. warning (bjóðavörnuð); cf. ‘varnaðr’ (2). vörpu-ligr,a. ofstout,statelyappearance (inn -ligsti maðr).

vörr (gen. varrar,pl. varrar, varrir),f. lip;vörrinefri,neðri, theupper, lowerlip;G.beitávörrinni, G.bithislip. vörr (gen. varrar,dat. verri;pl. verrir,acc. vörru),m. apulloftheoar (erþeirhöfðufávörruróitfrálandi); þeysavörru, topullwithmightandmain (ríkuliga hygg ek þá vörru þeysa).

vöru-hlaði,m. pileofwares (vara);

-sekkr,m. sack(pack)ofwadmal; -smíði,n. workinwoodormetal; -váð, f. marketablecloth,commonwadmal; -virðr, a. marketable. vörzlu-maðr, m. warranter, surety. vöttr (gen. vattar,dat. vetti;pl. vettir,acc. vöttu),m. glove (hafavöttu á höndum).

vöxtr (gen. vaxtar,dat. vexti;pl. vextir,acc. vöxtu),m.(1) growth,increase;ganga(fara)ívöxt, toincrease; (2) increase,interest;takafétilvaxta, to makeitproductive;(3) size,stature (mikill,lítillvexti);haffœrandaskipat vexti, asea-goingshipinsize;(4) way ofgrowth,shape (líkre-mávöxtok viðbragð);(5) condition,state,thecircumstanceofacase (hannsagðihonumalla vöxtu,semávóruumþeiraeyrendi);svá ermálmeðvexti,at, thecasestandsso that.

vöxtuligr, a. big, of great size. vözt (pl. vaztir), f., see ‘vaztir’.

Yyðarr or yðvarr,poss.pron. your; yðurfór, yourjourney;yðvartríki, your kimgdom;tváhestaskalhafahverryðarr, each of you shall have two horses. ydda (yddi),v. toshowthepointonthe otherside (S.lagðisverðinuígegnum hann, svá at út yddi um bakit).

yfirbragð-ligr, a. extraordinary. yfirbragðs-lítill, -mikill,a. poor, grand, in look or appearance. yfir-breizl,n. coverlet; -breizla,f. coverlet; -buga (að),v. toovercome,surpass; -burðr,m. excess (-burðrumþat, erlöginsegja); -bæriliga,adv. surpassing; -bæriligr,a. surpassing; -bœta (-tta, -ttr),v. toatonefor; -dómandi, -dómari, m. over-judge. yfirdrepskapr (gen. -ar),m. dissimulation, pretence. yfir-dróttning,f. sovereignqueen; -engill,m. archangel; -faðir,m. patriarch; -fat,n. over-garment; -ferð,f. a passageoverorthroughacountry; visitation.

yfirferðar-illr, a. difficult to pass. yfir-fœriligr,a. passable; -för,f.(1) =yfirferð(bannae-mfór);(2) visitation (hafa-fórumsýslusína); -ganga,f.(1) passingthrough;(2) transgression; -gangr,m.(1) passingthrough;(2) overbearing conduct, tyranny, oppression. yfirgangs-maðr, m. lordly man. yfir-gefa,v. toforsake,abandon; -girnd,f. excessiveambition; -gjarn,a. ambitious; -gjarnligr,a. ambitious; -gnæfa (-ða, -t),v.(1) tohangover,with dat.;(2) toimpend,threaten; -gyðingr, m. Pharisee. yfirhafnarlauss,a. withoutanupper

yðr, pron., dat. and acc. pl. you. yfir,prep.withdat.andacc.;I.with dat. over,above (hversmannsalvæpni hekky.rúmihans);sitjay.borðum, to sitattable;s.yfirmálummanna, tosit at,attendtocases,asjudge;konungry. Englandi, kingoverE.;vakay.e-m, to wakeorwatchover;II.withacc.(1) over, above (Skaðitókeitr-orm,okfestiupp y.hann);hanntóky.sikskikkjuna, he putonthemantle;komasty.e-t, tocome byathing;(2) over,across,through (síðan fóruþeiry.Norðrá);(3)fig. over,beyond; hafavöxty.e-n, tohavegrowthover,be tallerthan;framy.aðramenn, beyond, aboveothermen;(4)adverbialusages,sá kvittrkomy., passedover;kveldkemry., evening draws on. yfir-afli,m. superiorforce; -afligr, a. over-strong,verystrong; -band,n. stringtofastenthemouthofabag; -berligr,a.surpassing,extraordinary; -berr, a.surpassing,extraordinary; -biskup, m. highpriest; -bjóða,v. toruleover; -boð,n. rule,command,authority; -boðari,m. superior,master; -bóði,m. superior,master; -bót,f.(1) penance,penitence (iðranok-bót);(2)pl.,-bœtr, compensation,atonement (bjóðae-msættok -bœtr); -bragð,n.(1) outwardlook,appearance,demeanour;meðmiklu-bragði, ofveryimposingdemeanour,magnificent; (2) show,pretence,outerappearance (með sáttgjarnligu-bragði);(3) surface (allt jarðarinnar -bragð).

garment (vápnlausir ok -lausir).

yfir-hlaup,n. skipping; -hylma (-da, -dr),v. tohide; -höfðingi,m. over-captain,ruler; -höfn,f. over-coat; -kennimaðr,m. high-priest; -klerkr,m. overclerk,oneofthehighestclergy; -klæði, n. over-cloak; -koma,v. toovercome;geta -komite-n,fáe-n-kominn, tomanageto overcomeone;-kominnafmœði, exhausted; -konungr,m. supremeking; -kussari,m. corsair-chief; -land,n. landon theotherside; -lát,n. honour,favour; hafðiS.minnst-lát, S.wasmadeleast of; -leðr,n. upperleather,ofshoes; -lesning,f. perusal; -ligr,a. lying above,celestial; -lit,n. look,personalappearance (-lithennarokkurteisi);esp.in pl.,líkrfeðrsínumat-litumokskaplyndi; -litr,m.=-lit; -læti,n.=-lát;vera meðe-mímiklu,góðu-læti, tobein highfavourwithone; -maðr,m. superior, master (Ólafrerbetrtil-mannsfallinn enmínirsynir); -mannligr,a. chieftainlike; -meistari,m. head-master; -port, n. lintel,=ofdyri; -ráðandi,m. master, commander (-ráðandiskipanna); -reið,f. ‘ridingover’,visitation; -seta,f.(1) task, business (ekkiætlaðaek,atþatværimin -setaatdœmamilliþeira);(2) nursinga sick person. yfirsetu-kona, f. midwife. yfir-sjón,f.(1) supervision,inspection; (2) appearance,look; -skikkia,f. overcloak; -skipan,f. authority; -skygnari, m. supervisor; -sloppr,m. outergown; -sókn,f.=-ferð; -sterkari,a.compar. stronger;verða,-sterkari, togettheupper hand; -stiginn,pp. overcome; -stigning,f. hyperbaton; -stígari,m. conqueror; -stórmerki,n.pl. greatwonders; -stöplan,f. transgression,infringe-

ment; -sýn,f.(1) appearance,look (friðr at-sýn);(2) superintendence; -sýnd,f.= -sýnI;ljótr-sýndar=l.at-sýn; -sögn, f. decision; -söngr,m. singing,service; -tak,n. transgression; -taka,v.=taka yfir; -tyrma (-da, -dr),v. tooverwhelm; -vald,n.(1) power,rule (Sveinnjarlhafði -valdíNóregi);(2) theauthorities (-vald staðarins); -varp,n. outwardshow; -vettugis,adv. toexcess; -vinna,v. tovanquish,overcome; -vættis,adv. exceedingly; -vættligr, a. exceedingly great. yfrinn,a. over-great,abundant,large,= ýrinn,œrinn(nileruokyfrinefnitil,því atekkiskortirosslið);neut.asadv. very (yfrit mikill, djarfr, lengi).

yggjungr,m. ‘thewiseone’;y.ása, Odin. yggr, a. anxious (yggt vas þeim síðan).

ygla (-da, -dr),v. towrinkle;hann yglirbrýnn, heknitsthebrows,hefrowns; refl.,yglastáe-n, tofrownatoruponone (konungrinnygldistásveininn); ygldr, pp. frowning. ygli-brún, frowning brow. ykkarr,possess.pron.,dual, your; ferðykkur, yourjourney;hvárngan ykkarnHákonarjarlsmunhannspara, he willspareneitherofyou,neitherHaconnor thee.

ylfskr, a. wolfish, treacherous. ylgjast (ð),v.refl. tofrown,look gloomy (tekr veðrit at y.). ylgr (gen. ylgjar,dat.andacc. ylgi), f. she-wolf (kom þar y. ein).

ylja (að), v. to warm, = verma. ylmast (d),v. tochafe,rage (erhann fann þat, ylmdist hann í móti).

ylr (-jar, -ir), m. warmth. yl-samligr, a. warm. ymja (ym, umda, umit),v. towhine,

cry (svábarhannprúðligasóttina,atengi maðrheyrðihanny.)ymritaldnatré, theoldtreegrows umduölskálir, thealebeakers rang.

ymni, m. hymn (syngja helga ymna).

ymr,m. humming-sound,groaning (þá heyrðuþauymmikinnokgný)áray., splashing of oars.

ymta (að), v. to talk of, mutter. ymtr, m. rumour (y. leikr í e-u).

yndi,n. delight,happiness;njótayndis, toenjoyhappiness,liveinbliss;þeirasamfararurðuekkiaty., theirmarriedlifewas nothappy;nema,festay.áe-mstað, to feelhappyinaplace;okhvárkinamhann y.áÍslandinéíNóregi, hefoundnorest in Iceland or in Norway.

yndi-fall,n. bereavement; -liga,adv. charmingly; -ligr,a. pleasurable (með fagnaði ok -ligu lífi).

yndis-bót,f. increaseofbliss; -staðr, m. place of bliss (of Eden).

ynglingr, m. young-person, youth.

ynni-ligr, a., -samligr, a. lovely. yppa (-ta, -t),v. toliftup,raise;y. hurðum, toopenthedoors;y.hanslofi, to extol him.

yppi-mannliga,adv. likeagreatman (þeir létu hit -mannligasta).

yr, prep. out of, = ór, úr, or. yrkis-efni, n. pl. subject of a poem.

yrkja (yrki, orta, ortr),v.(1) to work,esp. tofill,cultivate (y.jörðina,landit);(2) tomakeverses (y.kvæði,drápu, lof,níð,háðungume-n);absol.,hann varkærrkonungiokortivel, hewas belovedbytheking,andagoodpoet;(3)y.

áe-t, tosetabout;enerþeirfundust,ortubœndrþegarátilbardaga, thepeasants atoncesetuponthem;Eiríkrjarlortiekki áatberjastviðErling, EirikmadenoattempttofightErling;y.áe-n, toworkupon;hvárkieldrnéjárnortiáþá, neither firenorirondidthemanyharm;y.orða áe-n, toaddressone,speaktoone (hann svaraðistirtokstrítt,þáermennortu orðaáhann);(4)refl.,yrkistíume-t, it begins;(geristnúsvásemdœmifinnast til,atáortistummannfallit);recipr. to attackoneanother (síðanfylktuþeirliði sínuokortustáokbörðust);þeirortust á vísur, they competed in verse-making. yrkr,a. working,whenonemaywork = virkr (yrkir tímar).

yrmlingr,m. ‘wormling’,littlesnake (ötul augu sem yrmlingi).

yrmt,a.n. swarmingwithvermin (hér er víða y.).

yss,m. noise,bustleofacrowd (þávar yss mikill í skálanum).

ystast,v.refl. tocurdle (þatrennr saman ok ystist sem mjölk).

ytri,better ýtri,a.compar., yztr, better ýztr, superl. outer, outermost. yxn, m. pl. or n. pl. oxen, see ‘uxi’. yxna, a. indecl. in heat (kýr y.).

yxna-flokkr,m. aherdordroveofoxen; -liki,n. theshapeofoxen; -réttr, m. oxfold.

yxni, n. ox (y. fimm vetra gamalt).

yxnis-fall,n. carcassofanox; -húð,f. hideofanox; -hvarf,n. disappearanceof an ox.

yztr, a. superl., see ‘ytri’.

Ý

ý-bogi, m. a yew-tree bow.

ýðgi,f. mind,disposition (harðýðgi, grunnýðgi).

ýfa (-ða, -ðr),v. toripup (ý.mál); refl.,ýfast, tobecomeruffled,getangry (þóttimérsábjörninn,erfyrirvarð,ý. mjök);tókatý.meðþeim, theybeganto beonbadterms;ý.viðe-n, toprovokeone, pickaquarrelwithone (Magnússonhans ýfðist mjök við Harald).

ýfinn, a. ruffled, wroth, angry.

ýfis-orð,n.pl. irritatingorruffling words, taunts.

ýgjast (ð),v. togrowvicious,ofabull (graðungrinn tók at ý.).

ýgr, a. fierce, gruff, stern.

ýja (úði), v. to swarm, teem.

ýki (dat.pl. ýkjum),n.(1) exageration (telja e-t með ýkjum); (2) aggravation.

ýkva, v. = víkva, víkja.

ýla (-da, -t),v. tohowl,yelp,ofdogs, wolves; ýla, f. howl, howling.

ýlda, f. decay, rottenness, stench.

ýling, f. howling.

ýmis-leikr,m. fickleness,mutability; -liga,adv. variously; -ligr,a. various,

diverse (-ligirdauðligirhlutir,-ligar þjóðir).

ýmiss (neut. ýmist;pl. ýmissir, ýmissar,usuallycontracted ýmsir or ymsir, ýmsar or ymsar,neut. ýmis, ýmsi or ýms),a. nowthis,nowthat (ýmisthann hugði);hanngerðiýmist,hjóeðalagði, hecutandthrustalternately;esp.pl. various,sundry,nowthese,nowthose,byturns (höfðuymsirsigr);íymsumstöðum, in variousplaces;rekakaupferðirtilýmissa landa, togoontradingexpeditionstovariouscountries;einirokýmissir, oneand another,sundry;allirokþóýmissir, allby turn;ýmist…eða, now…now,sometimes …sometime (BollivarýmistíTungueða at Helga felli).

ýr (gen. ýs,dat. ý),m.(1) yewtree;(2) bow of yew, = ýbogi.

ýra (-ða),v. toshedinsmalldrops;refl., ýrast, todrizzle;ýrðistdöggreyfit, dew settled on the fleece. ýrinn (contr.from‘yfrinn’),a. abundant, = yfrinn, œrinn.

ýsa, f. haddock.

ýskja (-ta, -t), v. = œskja.

ýta (ýtta, ýtt),v.(1) topushout, launch (ý.báti,skipi);ý.e-uate-míhönd e-m, topushittowardsone;(2) toputout tosea,startonavoyage (þatskalyðrkunnigt gera, at vé ýttum af Nóregi).

ýtar, m. pl., poet. men (ýta synir).

ýtri, ýztr, see ‘ytri’, ‘yztr’.

Þþaðan,adv.(1) thence,fromthere (þ. helduþeirsuðrtilDanmerkr);þ.af=þ. (þ.affallaárþær,ersváheita);hónvar skamtþ.áveizlu, shewasalittlewayoff, atafeast;(2)fig.,þ.máttiskilja, thence itcouldbeunderstood;skuluvérþ.atvera, wewillbeonthatside;þ.afveitek, therefromIknow;allanhelming,eðaþ. afmeira, afullhalfandevenmore;(3)of time, afterthat (þ.erutólfnætrtilÞorláks-messu);þ.af,þ.frá,þ.ífrá, from thattime (þ.afvarðhannhinngrimmasti).

þaðra, adv. there, = þar. þafðr, pp., see ‘þefja’.

þaga, f. silence, in ‘endr-þaga’.

þagall, a. silent, = þögull.

þagat, adv. thither, = þangat.

þagga (að),v. tosilence,puttosilence (þ. mann, börn).

þag-mælskr, a. silent, discreet. þagna (að),v. tobecomesilent (konungrþagnarvið);síðanerhannþagnaði, when he left of speaking. þagnar-,gen.from‘þögn’; -hald,n. keepingsilent; -stund,f. pause; -tími, m. time of silence.

þak, n. (1) bed-cover; (2) thatch, roof. þakiðr,pp.from‘þekja’;kunnamjöt þakinnanæfra, toknowhowmanybarkflakes to use in thatching.

þakka (að), v. to thank (þ. e-m e-t).

þakkan, f. thanking, thanks.

þakk-látligr,a. grateful (-látligtár); -látr,a. thankful,grateful; -læti,n. thank-fulness,gratitude; -næmr,a.= -látr; -samliga,adv. thankfully,gratefully;biðja-samliga, tobe,hard; -samligr, a. thankful, grateful.

þak-lauss,a. thatchless,roofless; -næfrar,f.pl. barkusedforthatching; -vana, a. indecl. = -lauss.

þambar-skelfir,m. paunch-shaker,a nickname.

þang, n. sea-weed, sea-wrack. þangat,adv. thither,tothatplace (hann hleyprþ.);hingatokþ., hitherandthither; þ. til, till that time. þangat-ferð, -för,f. ajourneythither; -koma, f. a coming thither arrival. þang-floti,m. driftofsea-weed; -skurðr, m. cutting of sea-weed. þannig, þannug, þanninn,adv.= þannveg;(1) thatway,thither (þeirhöfðu þ.faritkaupferð);(2) thisway,thus,so (Þorkell grunar, hvárt þ. mun farit hafa).

þanns = þann es, þann er. þar,adv.(1) there,atthatplace (þ.var fjölmennimikit);þ.er,þ.sem, there where;þeirþóttustþareigaallttrauster hannvar, theythoughtthatalltheirhope wastherewherehewas;fig. there,inthat case,atthatpoint (lýkrþarviðskiptum þeira);þ.sem,þ.er, whereas;þúgerir þikgóðan,þ.semþúertþjófrokmorðingi, whereasthouartboththiefandmurderer;munF.annatráðtaka,þarsemhann hefirdrepitNjálföðurbróðurminn, seeingthathehaskilledN.;(2) there,thither (varþatákveðitnærkonungrskyldi þarkoma);(3)withprep.=anoblique caseofthedemonstrativepronounþ.af, therefrom,fromthat,=afþvíþ. at,thereat;þ.á, thereupon;þ.eptir, afterthat,

þara-brúk Þ

thereafter;þ.fyrir, therefore;þ.í, therein; þ.ímóti, inreturn (þ.ímótivilekeiga hálftdýrit);þ.með, therewith,besides;þ. ór, therefrom,thereoutof;þ.til, thereto;þ.tiler, totheplacewhere (O.gekk þ.til,erH.var); till,until (konungrríðr langaleiðtilerhannfinnreitthús);þ. um, aboutthat,=umþat(veriðeigiþ.um hugsjúkir);þ.undir, thereunderneath;þ. útífrá, furthermore,besides;þ.við, thereby, by that; þ. yfir, there above.

þara-brúk,n. heapofsea-weed; -nytjar, f. pl. the use of sea-weed. þar-borgarmaðr,m. inhabitantof that town.

þarfa (að),v.impers.,e-mþarfaret, itisnecessaryforone,oneisinwant of (fekksvámikinnfjárhlutsemhonum þótti sér þ.).

þarfa-gangr, m. urine, excrement.

þarfi,a. needing,inwantof (þáerhann þykkist liðs þ. vera).

þarfindi,n.pl. thingsneedful,necessaries (keypti sér mat ok önnur þ.).

þarf-lausa,f.=-leysa; -lausligr,a. needless; -lauss,a. needless,useless (lausteyrendi);at-lausu, needlessly; -látliga,adv. meekly,humbly; -látr,a. humble; -leysa,f. needlessness (látaþat marteptirbörnum,er-leysaer); -leysi, n. = -leysa.

þarfleysu-,incompounds, useless, mischievous (-erendi,-forvitni,-glens, -hugsan, -tal, -upphlaup).

þarf-liga,adv. humbly =-látliga; -ligr, a. useful.

þarfna (að),v. tobeneedful,necessary; refl.,þarfnast, tolack,want,bewithout, withacc.(sváatvitþarfnimsteigialla góða hluti).

þarfhan, f. need, want.

þarfr, a. useful (hann var þeim þ.).

þarf-samliga,adv. duly,gratefully; -sæll, -sælligr, useful, profitable. þari, m. sea-weed. þar-koma, -kváma,f. comingthere,arrival; -kominn,pp. arrivedthere; -lands, adv. in that land. þarlands-höfðingi, -maðr,m. a chief, native, of that land.

þar-lendr, -lenzkr, a. native. þarmr (-s, -ar),m. gut,intestine;cf. ‘endaþarmr’, ‘smáþarmar’.

þarna, adv. there (menn fara þ.).

þarnast (að), v. refl., see ‘þarfna’. þars, adv. = þar es, see ‘þar’.

þar-vera, -vist,f. sojourn(staying) there, at that place. þat,pron.(1)neut. from ‘sá’, that,it (þ.vareinhverjusinni,at);(2) so =svá (sagðisthannmunduveraþeimþ.úþarfr semhannmætti);(3)conj. that,=at (sagðisönntíðindiafferðumÞorgilsok þat hann hafði eltan Hrafn á fjöll upp).

þat-ki, ’thatnot’;þatkiat, when…not (tilhversskalekþjónahonumlengr,þatkiatekfámálaminnfalslaust); noteven that (þatki at þú hafir brœkr þinar).

þatz = þat es, þat er, = þaz.

þatztu = þat es þú, that which thou. þaular,f.pl. complicatedstateof things;mælasikíþ., totalkoneselfinto troubles.

þaular-vágr,m. windingcreek (róum út ór þessum -vági).

þausn, f. bustle, wild fray, tumult. þausna-lauss, a. without tumult.

þaz = þatz, þat es, þat er. þá,adv.(1) then,atthattime (varhónþá fjórtánvetragömul);þáer,þáes, when (Y.varmeðþorvaldi,þáerEinarrvar veginn);þáokþá, ateverymoment (létu

semþeirmundifaranorðirþáokþá); (2) then,there-upon (etnæstaGunnarisat Njáll,þáSkarphéðinn,þáHelgi,þá Grimr);(3) then,inthatcase (þykkimér þávelsýslat,efþúheyrirorðSvíakonungs);(4)pleonastic,beginningthe apodosis, then (okerIllugibjóst,þásat Gunnlaugrístofu);enafþvíat…,þá, þáhannmiskunnafkonunginum, butbecause…,thenhereceivedmercyfromthe king;(5) when,=þáer(ferrnútilArna, þá konungr er þar at veizlu).

þá,f. thawedground (þeirrekasporsem hundar bæði á þá ok hjarni).

þá-fjall,n. ‘thawedfell’;hendahrein á-fjalli, tocatchareindeeronthethawing hill-side.

þá-leiðar, -leiðis,adv. thatway,thus, = á þá leið.

þána (að), v. to thaw, = þiðna.

þás, conj. when, = þá es, þá er.

þáttr (gen. þáttar,pl. þættir,acc. þáttu),m.(1) asinglestrandofarope (skarísundráttaþáttunaífestinni);fig., þættirættarminnar, strandsofmyrace; (2) section,division,esp.asectionoflaw (kristinnalagaþ.);(3) shortstory (Þ. Orms Stórólfssonar).

þefa (að), v. to smell, sniff.

þefaðr, pp., illa þ., ill-smelling, foul.

þefan, f. smelling, smell.

þef-góðr, a. sweet-smelling.

þefja (þafða, þafðr),v. tostir,thicken;remainsonlyinthepp.;hannhafði þáeigiþafðansinngraut, hehadnot cooked his porridge thick.

þefja (að),v.(1) tosmell;(2) toemit asmell (minfœzlaþefjarbetrhverjum ilm).

þefjaðr, pp. smelling (vel þ.).

þefka (að), v. to smell, = þefja.

þef-lauss, a. smell-less, vapid. þefr, m. (1) smell; (2) taste. þega, f. present, gift (dýrlig þ.).

þegar,adv.(1) atonce,forthwith (hón gekkþ.tilhans);þávarhannþ.fjarri, thenhewasalreadyfaraway;þ.áunga aldri, whenquiteyoung;þ.ístað, atonce; Þ.barmerkitþ.eptirhonum, immediatelyafterhim;(2)þ.er,þ.es,þ.sem,þ.at, assoonas;(3)=þ.er(þ.Skaptivissiþetta, gekk hann til búðar Snorra goða).

þegars = þegar er, as soon as. þegat, adv. = þangat, þagat.

þegja (þegi, þagða, þagat),v. tobe silent (R.þagðivið);þegiþú!, besilent!; withgen.,þegiþúþeiraorða, keepsilence fromsuchwords,speaknotso;þ.yfireu, tokeepsilentabout,conceal (kvaðhana hølstilengihafa,þagatyfirsvágóðri ætt).

þegn,m.(1) thane,franklin,freeman, man;Mörðrkvaddiosskviðarþegnaníu, M.summonedusninefranklinsonthisinquest;hannlézteigivita,hverrþ.hann væri, hesaidheknewnotwhatpersonhe was;þ.okþræll, freemanandbondman, allmen;ekokmínirþegnar, Iandmy men;(2) agood(liberal)man (sváersagt, athannséekkimikillþ.viðaðramennaf fésínu);(3) liegeman,subject (þeirjátuðu skattgjöfumokgerðustkonungsþegnar).

þegn-gildi,n. theweregildfora ‘þegn’ 3.

þegnskapar-maðr, m. liberal man. þegn-skapr,m.(1) honour;leggja(fela) e-tundir-skapsinn, toswearuponone’s honour,pledgeone’shonourtoathing;(2) liberality,generosity (honumeyddistfé fyrir-skaparsakir);reyna-skapFlosa, to putFlosi’sgenerositytotheproof; -skylda,f. thedutyofathanetowardshisliege

lord, allegiance (játa e-m -skyldu).

þeima,olddat.,sing.andplur.,=þessum, tothis,tothese (áþ.bœ,áþ. mánuðum).

þeimon, þeimun, allthe =þeimmun (þ. harðara).

þeims = þeim es, þeim er.

þeir (þær, þau),demonstr.pron.pl. they,those,answeringtothesing.‘sá,sú, þat’,and‘hann,hón,þat’;(1)theneut. pl.‘þau’ascollectiveforamasc.and fem.;síðangenguþau(sc.Njálland Bergthora)innbæði;(2)‘þeir’isfrequentlyusedbeforeanadv.,oraprep. withitscomplement;þeirnorðrþar, thosethereinthenorth;þeirfyriraustan árnar, thoseeastoftherivers;(3) pleonast.beforethenamesoftwoor morepersons;þauÁsgerðrokÞorsteinn, AsgerdandThorstein;börnþeira HildigunnarokKáraváruþeirStarkaðr okFlosi, thechildrenofH.andK.were these,S.andF.;þeirfeðgar, fatherand son;(4)ellipt.,beforethenameofasingleperson;þeirOddr, O.andhismen;frá skiptumþeiraÞórðar, aboutthedealings ofThordandBjörn;þauAsgerðr, Asgerd and her son (Thorstein).

þeirs = þeir es, þeir er, those who. þeisti, m. black guillemot.

þekja (þak; þakta; þakiðr, þaktr, þakinn),v. tothatch,cover;skjöldumer salrþakiðr, thehallisthatchedwith shields;þ.sunditaltmeðskipum tolay the ships right across the sound. þekja, f. thatch, roof. þekki-liga,adv. withgrace; -ligr,a. handsome; eigi -ligr, ill-favoured. þekkja (-ta, -tr),v.(1) toperceive,espy,notice (okerkonungrþekkir,atsveinninnerheill);þásbaniFáfnisborgof

þátti(oldpret.=þekti), whenFafnir’s slayerespiedtheburg;(2) tocomprehend (máttþúnúþatþ.,erfyrrsagðaekþér); (3) toknow,recognize (þóttisthónþ.barnit);(4)refl.,þekkjaste-t, tocomply with,consentto,acceptof (þeirþektust þettaboðgjarna);þ.e-m, toplease;megi þér (dat.) mitt líf þ., may it please thee.

þekkr,a. agreeable,liked;þ.e-m or við e-n (þýðr em ok þ. við sína menn).

þekt, f. agreeableness.

þekta (-kta),v. tosilence;hannþekti mennaforðumþessum, heforbademen to utter these words.

þel, n. the inner and finer wool. þél, f. file (þ. er smiðar-tól).

þéla (að), v. to file, = sverfa.

þela-högg,n. ice-hoe; -lauss,a. unfrozen,thawed,oftheground(illtyfirferðar, þá er þelalaust er).

þel-högg, n. = þelahögg.

þeli,m. frozenground,frostinthe ground (var þá allr þ. ór jörðu).

þelli,n. fine-wood; -safi,n. thesapof ayoungpine-trees (þeirátu-safa); -viði, n. pine-trees.

þéna (að, or -ta), v. to serve. þénari, m. servant. þénasta, f. service, = þjónusta.

þengill, m. poet. prince, king. þenja (þen;þandi;þaniðr,þandr, þaninn),v. tostretch,extend (þ.skinn, húð);þ.vömbina, todistend,fillthebelly. þerfi-ligr, a. useful, convenient. þermlast (að),v.refl.(1) tolack,miss, want,withgen.(þáermaðrþermlastsíns gripar);(2) todifferfrom,withdat.(allt mál þat, er þerm. last alþýðligu orðtaki).

þerms-ligr, a. meet, fit. þerna, f. (1) tern; (2) maid-servant. þerra (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) todry,makedry

(þ.hey,föt);(2) todry,wipe (griðkona þerðifœtrsínaáþúfu);hannþerðiblóðit afandlitinu, hewipedthebloodoffthe face;hóntókskikkjunaokþerðimeð blóðitalit, andwipedoffallthebloodwith it;þ.séráe-u, towipeoneselfonorwitha thing.

þerra, f. towel, = handklæði.

þerra-leysi, n. want of dry weather.

þerri-dagr,m. dryday; -leysa,f. wet season.

þerrileysu-sumar, n. wet summer.

þerrir (gen. -is,pl. -ar),m.(1) drying; breiðae-ttilþerris, tospreaditoutfor drying;(2) dryweather (umhaustitkómu þerrar góðir).

þerri-samr,a. goodfordrying,ofa season; -sumar,n. drysummer (=þerrisamt sumar).

þess,gen.sing.from‘sá,þat’;(1)denotingmode,kind,manner, so,thus,of thatkind (sérþúnúþess,erþérþykki meðundarligumóti);hefieknökkutþ. gört,atþérmislíki, haveIdoneaughtthat itshouldmislikethee? (2)þ.er, insofaras (hónvarallrakvennakurteisustatöllum hlutum,þ.erhannhafðispurt);þ.þó, at, yetsothat (vildaekhelzthafaatferð okhöfðingskapHrólfskraka,þ.þó,atek heldaallrikristnioktrúminni);(3)with acompar. themore,somuchthemore,= því(þ.meirrerhinndrekkr,þ.meirrþyrstir hann).

þess-háttar, gen. of that kind.

þessi (þessi, þetta),demonstr.pron. this (þ.kona,orkonaþ.);íþessu, inthis moment.

þess-konar,gen. ofthatkind; -liga, adv. onthiswise; -ligr,a. ofsuchappearance, such (-ligr er varningr þinn).

þétt-ligr, a. tight (skipin eigi -lig).

þéttr,a. tight,watertight,opp.to‘lekr’ (í skinnbrókum þéttum).

þeygi,conj. yetnot,=þóeigi;þ. Guðrúngrátamátti, yetG.couldnot weep; þeygi … þótt, not … althouah.

þeyr (gen. þeys, pl. þeyir), m. thaw. þeysa (-ta, -tr),v.(1) tospirtout,gush forth (þeystiE.uppórsérspýjumikla); (2) tomakerushon (þáþeystihannlíð sittatþeimfram);þ.reiðina, torideat agallop;withdat.(þ.útúvígumherór borginni);absol.,þeirþeystuþásem harðastatþeim, theyrushedviolentlyon them;(3)refl.,þeysast, todash,rushon (þá þeystist eptir allr múgrinn).

þeyta (-tta, -ttr),v. tomakesound;þ. lúðr, to blow the trumpet. þey-viðri,n. thawingweather,thaw,= þeyr.

þið or þit, dual. ye. þiðinn, a. thawed free from ice. þiðna (að),v. tothaw,meltaway (fyrr en ísa leysti ok sjár tœki at þ.).

þiðurr (gen. þiðurs,pl. þiðrar),m. wood-grouse, capercailye. þiggja (þigg; þá, þágum;þeginn),v. (1) toreceive,acceptof;þ.e-tafe-m,at e-m, toreceive(get)fromone,atone’s hands;þ.e-tatgjöf, toreceiveasapresent;þ.e-nundan, togetonerelieved,set free (efþérvilitþessamennundanþ.); (2)absol., totakelodging,receivehospitalityforanight (þiggþúhér,Sigurðr!); (3) toaccept (þóttistjarlþávita,atÓðinn mundi þegit hafa blótit).

þikkja, v.; see ‘þykkja’.

þil,n.=þili; -far,n. deckofaship; -fjöl, f. deal-board. þili,n. wainscot,panel,board,partition (þeir brutu upp þilit).

þili-viðr, m. wainscot.

þilja (þil; þilda; þilitir, þildr, þilinn),v. tocoverwithdeals,toboard, plank.

þilja,f. deal,plank,planking,esp.on aship;pl. thedeck (farþúundirþiljur niðr).

þing,n.(1) assembly,meeting;esp.for purposesoflegislation, aparliament;slítaþingi,segjaþ.laust, todissolveameeting;(2) parish;(3) district,county,shire; veraíþingigoða, tobeinthedistrictof suchandsucha ‘goði’, tobehisliegeman, inhisjurisdiction;(4) interview,oflovers; veraíþingumviðkonu, tohavealove intriguewithawoman (þatvartalat,at ÞorbjórnværiíþingumviðÞórdísi);(5) inpl. thingsarticles,valuables (síðantók hón þing sín, en Þorsteinn tók hornin).

þinga (að),v.(1) toholdameeting (konungartókuþarveizlurokþinguðuvið bœndr);(2) toconsult,discuss (ekkiveit ek,hvatþeirþinga);þeirþinguðuum, hvatatskyldigøra, theydiscussedwhat was to be done.

þinga-menn,m.pl. thehousecarlesor bodyguard ofKingCanuteandhissuccessors in England.

þingan, f. debate, holding counsel.

þinga-prestr, m. vicar of a parish. þingat, adv. thither, = þangat.

þing-boð,n. ‘assembly-summons’,in theshapeofa stick,cross,or axe; -borinn,pp. presentedatanassembly; -brekka,f. bankorslopeatanassemblyplace; -deila, -deild,f. aquarrelata public meeting.

þingfarar-kaup,n. afeefortravelling to the parliament.

þing-fastr,a. belonging,toacertain county (þing); -ferð,f. journeytothe ‘þing’; -festi,f. domicileinaþing-com-

munity; -fœrr,a. abletogotoapublic assembly;eiga-fœrt=eiga-gengt; -för, f.=-ferð; -gengt,a.n.,inthephrase, eiga-gengt, tohavefreeadmissiontothe ‘þing’; -há (pl. -hár),f. a þing-district orcommunity (konungrfóríallar-hárok kristnaðiþarallanlýð); -heimr,m. the assembly ata‘þing’; -helgr,f.(1) the consecratedprecinctsorboundaryofapublicassembly;(2) theceremonyofhallowing anassembly; -heyjandi,m. a ‘þing-performer’,anypersonwhovisitsa‘þing’, onasummonstoperformanypublicduty; -hús,n. ahouseinwhichameeting isheld,esp. aJewishsynagogue; -kostr, m.=-veizla; -lag,n. thepublicstandard ofvalue,asfixedata ‘þing’; -lausnir, f.pl. thedissolutionofaparliament (skal hanneigifaraafþingifyrir-lausnir); -logi,m. onewhobreakshisengagementto attendameeting; -lok,n. theconclusion (end)ofa ‘þing’; -maðr,m.(1) aperson presentatanassembly,amemberofparliament;(2) aliegemanbelongingtothis orthat þing-community (þeirvóru-menn Þorgeirs goða).

þingmanna-leið,f. the waytakenin ridingtothe ‘þing’; -lið,n. theking’s housecarles in England. þing-mark,n.(1) theboundaryor precinctsofapublicassembly;(2) district jurisdiction (efmaðrtekrhjúóröðru -marki); -mót,n. apublicmeeting; -nest,n. provisionsonajourneytothe ‘þing’; -reið,f. aridingtoattendparliament; -reitt,a.n., inthephrase,eiga -reitt=eiga-fœrt; -rikr,a. influentialin theparliament; -rof,n. dissolutionofa public meeting. þings-afglöpun,f. contemptofthe ‘þing’; -boð, n. = þingboð.

þingskapa-bálkr, -þáttr,m. thesection of law relating to ‘þingsköp’.

þing-sköp,n.pl. therulesorregulations ofaparlament; -sókn,f.=-há; -staðr, m. aplacewhereaparliamentisheld; -stefna,f. asummonstoa ‘þing’; -stöð, f.=-staðr; -tak,n. thepassingofalawby a public meeting.

þingu-nauðr,m.(1) amemberofa community or ‘þing’; (2) parishioner. þing-veizla,f. entertainmentatanassembly; -vika,f. theweekduringwhich theparliamentsits; -vist,f.=-festi; -víti,n. afinefornotappearingwhen summoned; -vært,a.n., inthephrase, eiga-vært, tobeallowedtobepresentat a ‘þing’, ofanoutlaw; -völlr,m. ‘parliament-field’, a place where the ‘þing’ sat.

þinig, þinnig,adv.poet. hither,=þenna veg.

þinn (þin, þitt),possess.pron. thy, thine;þ.heljar-karl, thouhell-carle!;hundrinn þ., thou dog!

þinnig, adv.; see ‘þinig’.

þinull, m. the edge-rope of a net. þinurr,m.(1)akindof resinousfirtree; (2) fig. bow. þistill, m. thistle (þistlar ok illgresi).

þit or þið, dual, ye two, = it, ið. þíða (þídda, þíddr),v. tomelt,thaw (síðanvórueldargörvirokþíddklæði manna).

þíðna (að), v.; see ‘þiðna’.

þíðr,a. notice-bound,thawed (ísum þakteðaþítt);meðanáinerþíð, whilst the river is open.

þínsligr, a. like thee. þísl, f. poet. cart-pole.

þjakaðr,pp. exhausted,worn (þ.afkulda, göngu ok erviði).

þjarfr,a.(1) unleavened,ofbread;(2)

fresh, of water; (3) insipid, flat.

þjarka, f. quarrel (gøra þjörku).

þjarma (að),v. tohandleroughly (þ.at e-m).

þjá (þjá, þjáða, þjáðr),v. toconstrain, enthral,enslave;hannvarþjártilvinnu, he was forced to work as a bondsman. þjákaðr, pp. = þjakaðr.

þjálmi, m. snare, trap, toil. þján,f. bondage,servitude,oppression (þján á þrældómr).

þjáning, f. affliction, distress. þjokk-liga, adv. frequently, often.

þjokkr, a. thick, dense, = þykkr.

þjó, n. the thickest part of the thigh. þjóð (pl. -ir),f. people,nation (allar þjóðiroktungur);þ.eruþrírtigir, thirty makea ‘þjóð’;þ.veit,efþrir‘ro, what three know, all the world (soon) knows. þjóðann, m. poet. prince, ruler. þjóð-á,f. greatriver,chiefriver; -braut,f. highroad; -drengr,m. good man,bravefellow; -gata,f.=-braut; -góðr,a. verygood,excellent; -hagr,a. masterlyinskillorcraft; -hlið,n. public (main)gate; -konungr,m. greatking, sovereign; -kunnr,a. veryfamous; -land,n. greatcountry; -leið,f. high road,esp.onthesea(siglduþeir-leiðtil líðandisness); -leiðr,a. muchhated,execrated; -lygi,f. greatlie,slander,calumny; -löð,f. heartywelcome; -menni,n. braveman; -mærr,a. glorious; -nýtr, a. veryexcellent; -ráð,n. excellentplan (þettaþykkirmér-ráð); -skáld,n. great poet; -smiðr,m. master-craftsman,great artist; -stefna,f. ameetingofthewhole people,publicmeeting; -sterkr,a. very strong; -sýniliga,adv. inthesightofall people,openly; -sýniligr,a. open,clear, vehement; -vegr,m. highroad,=-braut;

-vel, verywell,excellently; -vitnir,m. poet. the great wolf.

þjófa (að), v. to call one a thief.

þjóf-laun,f. thievishconcealmentofa thing; -ligr, a. thievish.

þjófnaðr (gen. -ar), m. theft.

þjófr (-s, -ar), m. thief.

þjófs-augu, n. pl. thief’s eyes.

þjóf-skapr,m. theft; -snara,f. thief’s halter (hanga í -snöru).

þjófs-nafn,n. thenameofathief; -nautr,m. apartakerwiththieves (illaer þá, ef ek em -nautr).

þjóf-sók,f. achargeoraccusationof theft; -stolinn, pp. stolen.

þjó-hnappr,m. buttock; -leggr,m. the thigh bone.

þjóna (að),v.(1) toserve (settisthann heimaokþjónaðiekkikonungi);þ.tiles, toserve,payhomageto (kvaðsthann skyldratþ.tilkonungs); todeserve (launa þeimsemþeirhafatilþjónat);þ.undiren, toserveunderone;(2) toattendonasa servant,waiton (hónþjónaðihonumeigi verr enn bónda sínum).

þjónan, f. service, attendance. þjónasta, f. = þjónosta, þjónusta.

þjónka (að) v. to serve, = þjóna.

þjónkan, f. service, = þjónan.

þjónn (-s, -ar), m. servant, attendant. þjónosta, þjónusta,f.(1) service (veraíe-sþjónostu);(2) divineservice (guðs þ.); (3) the eucharist.

þjónosta (að),v. toserve,esp. toadminister the sacrament to one. þjónostu-bundinn,pp. boundinserviceorallegiance; -embætti,n. divine service; -fólk,n. servant-folk; -fullr,a. serviceable,readytoserve; -gjóld,n.pl. wagesforservice; -gørð,f. divineservice; -kona,f. femaleservant; -lauss,a.(1)

withoutsacrament;(2) withoutdivineservice; -maðr,m. man-servant; -mjúkr,a. officious,obliging; -mær,f. maid-servant; -samr,a. readytoserve; -semd,f. readinesstoserve; -skyldr,a. indutybound; -sveinn,m. page,maleservant; -tekja, f. takingofthesacrament; -verk,n. performance of service (gera -verk).

þjónusta, f. = þjónosta.

þjórr (-s, -ar), m. bull. þjós, f. carcass of a whale, = fjós. þjóstr, m. anger, fury, vehemence. þjóst-samliga, adv. furiously. þjóta (þýt; þaut, þutum; þotinn),v. (1) toemitaloudorwhistlingsound,ofthe wind,surf,waves,leavesoftrees;øxin þaut, theaxewhistled;áþautafþjósti, a riverroaredwithfury;reiðar-þrumurþjóta, thethunderroars;úlfar,vargarþjóta, thewolveshowl;þ.íhorn, toblowahorn ortrumpet (áðrhalrhugfullríhornum þaut);(2) torush;þ.upp, todartup,start up (þáþutuuppallir);(3)þ.á, toburst ononelikeastorm,=dynjaá(varðimik trautt,atsváskjóttmundiáþjóta,sem nú er).

þjótandi, f. the name of a vein. þjörku-drjúgr, a. quarrelsome. þoka, f. fog; mist (væta mikil ok þ.).

þoka (að),v.(1) tomove,withdat. (Hrútrþokaðinúbústaðsínum);(2) to moveoneself,move,=þokastþ.ate-m, to gonearto,approach;framþokiherr, let themenmoveforwards;þúskaltþ.fyrir konuþessi, thoushallgiveplacetothis woman;þ.undane-m, togiveway,yield toone;þokaráleiðisume-t, itgoeswell (húskarlinnkvaðvelþ.áleiðisumheilsu manna);afleiðisþokarumkurteisikarlanna, itgoesbackwardswiththemanners ifmen;(3) tochange,alter (eigiskalfor-

numsamkomu-málumþ.);(4)refl., þokast, tobedisplaced (þokastþánökkut steina-sørvit);líttþokaðistáummannfallit, it made little progress.

þokka (að),v.(1) tothinksoandso of,like;ymsavegaþokkamennþat, men thinkvariouslyofit;konungrþokkarekki mittmil, helikesitnot;(2)þ.meðe-m, tosidewithone,takeone’spart (hvárra líðsmennþokkuðumeðsínumhöfðingja);(3)refl.,þokkast, tobeliked (hann kemrsérítalviðmenn,okþokkaðist hann vel).

þokka-bót, f. reparation, redress. þokkaðr,pp.,þ.e-m,afe-m, likedby one; illa þ., ill-liked. þokka-góðr,a. engaging,amiable; -gœði,n. favour,grace; -kona,f. mistress,paramour; -maðr,m. lover; -mót, n. goodfavour,grace; -samr,a. well-liked, popular (-samrafe-m); -sæld,f. popularity; -sæll,a. ingoodfavour,well-beloved (-sæll af alþýðu).

þokki,m.(1) thought,opinion;(2) liking;leggjaþokkatile-s,áe-n, totakea likingfor (Leifrlagðiþokkaákonuþú,er Þórgunnahét);mérerþúvelíþokka, I liketheewell;(3) consent,good-will (hann tókrikimeðalþýðuþokkaofsíðir);(4) enmity, discord, = þykkja.

þokknast (að),v.refl. toplease,beacceptable,withdat.;Ólafiþokknaðistvel talþeira, O.waswellpleasedwiththeir talk.

þolanligr, a. tolerable, to be tolerated. þolin-móðliga,adv. withpatience; -móðr,a. patient; -mœði,f. patience, long-suffering.

þolinn,a. lasting,durable; enduring (þrekinn ok þ. við vás ok erviði).

þol-leysi,n. lackofendurance; -ligr, a. tolerable, = þolanligr.

þollr, m. fir-tree, tree in general. þol-raun, f. trial of one’s patience. þopta, f. rowing bench, thwart. þopti, m. bench-fellow. þora (þorða, þorat),v. todare,have thecouragetodoathing (þorðihannþó ekki at synja þeim gistingar).

þoran, f. daring, courage. þoran-raun, f. trial of courage. þori,m. thegreaterpart,mainpart (alir þ. liðsins; mestr þ. manna).

þorn (-s, -ar),m.(1) thorn (þornarok þistlar);(2) spike,esp. thetongueofa buckle,pinofabrooch (þorniníbelti);(3) the letter þ.

þokkuligr, a. agreeable. þoku-fullr,a. foggy,misty; -lauss,a. freefromfog,clear; -myrkr,n. murky fog; -myrkvi,m.=þoku-myrkr; -samr, a. foggy; -veðr, n. foggy, weather. þol,n. patience,endurance (hannbað Sturluhafaþ.viðokbíða);þatereinskis mannsþ., nomancanbearthat;cf.‘úþol’. þola (þolda, þolt or þolat),v.(1) to bear,endure,suffer (þ.högg,mannraun dauða);reyna,hvárthannþyldijárneða eigi, totrywhetherhecouldbearironor not;þ.hart, tosufferhardship;hversuþoldiS.íbrennunni, howdidS.bearthe burning?;(2)þ.e-me-t, tobearitatone’s hand (kannverapatþásánökkurirsvá röskvir,ateiþolijarliallanósóma);þ.eigilög, nottobearthelaw;eigiskalþat,ok skalþ.Snorralög, S.shallhavethebenefitofthelaw;(3) tofeelatrest,bestillor quiet;þáœðistdýritsváatþatþolirhvergi, sothatithasnorest;fylgdisvámikill verkr,athannmáttihvergikyrrþola, so greatpainthathecouldnowhereremain quiet.

þorna (að), v. to become dry, dry -up.

þorn-gjörð,f. crownofthorn; -runnr, m. thorn-bush.

þorp,n.(1) anisolatedfarm;(2)inforeigncountries, athorporvillage (Írar hlaupasamaníeittþ.);(3) anopen,unshelteredplace (hrørnarþöll,súerstendr þorpi á).

þorpara-ligr,a. boorish,clownish; -skapr, m. clownishness.

þorpari,m. cotter,peasant,boor,churl (þorparar ok verkmenn).

þorp-karl,m. churl; -karlligr,a. churlish, clownish.

þorra-blót,n. thegreatsacrificewhen Thorri began (in heathen times).

þorri,m. thefourthwintermonth,the first after midwinter.

þorskr (-s, -ar), m. cod, codfish.

þorsta-drykkr,m. adraughtforslaking the thirst; -fullr, a. thirsty. þorsti, m. thirst. þorst-lauss,a. notthirsty; -látr,a. given to thirst, thirsty.

þot,n. rush;inphrase,sitja(standa)í þotviðe-n, tosit(stand)readytomake(? or meet) an attack. þó,adv.(1) yet,though,nevertheless,still (þeirvórusíðbúniroksiglduþóíhaf); (2)connectedwithotherparticles;ok þó, andbesides,andeven,toboot (íNóregierlítilbygðokþósundrlaus);mörgum mönnumófróðumokþóóvitrum, ill-informedandunwiseaswell;erþó, sinceyet, consideringthat (kvazthjábóndumskylduvera,erþóbuðuþeirhonumsvágóða kosti);(3)conj.,þóat,contractedþót, þótt, although,eventhough,withsubj. (hannrengditilaugum,þóatúskygn væri);haldamáttuþessusæti,þótthón komisjalftil, thoughshecomesherselfin-

tothehall;droppingthe‘at’;þóþúsért lítillarættar, althoughthouartoflowextraction.

þóf,n.(1) crowding,thronging,pressing; leiðistmérþ.þetta, thiscrowdingwearies me;(2) wearisome,endlessstruggle (þar kemr enn þófinu, at).

þófa-hattr,m. felthood; -höttr,m. felt hood; -stakkr, m. felt cloak.

þófi, m. (1) felt; (2) saddle-cloth of felt. þóknast, see ‘þokknast’. þópta, see ‘þopta’.

þórr, m. the god Thor. þórs-dagr, m. Thursday. þótt,conj.contr.fromþóat, although; see ‘þó’ 3.

þóta-bragð, n. angry look.

þótti,m.(1) thought,mind;(2) displeasure, anger.

þóttr,m.=þótti;mælasinnþótt, to tell one’s mind. þóttu, = þótt (þó at) þú.

þramma (að), v. to trudge, trample. þramman, þrömmun, f. trampling. þrap or þrapt, n. quarrel. þrasa (pres. þrasi),v. totalkbig,to rage (hví þrasir þú svá, Þórr!).

þraut (pl. -ir),f. hardstrugggle,great exertion,labour,hardtask (ekmunláta þikvinnatilráðahagsþessaþrautir nökkurar);þolaþrautir, tosufferhardshps;geraþ.tile-s, totryhard;berjasttil þrautar, to fight to the end. þrautar-laust,adv. withoutastruggle, without resistance. þraut-góðr,a. goodinstraits; -laust, adv. = þrautarlaust.

þrá (þrá, þráða, þráðr),v. tolong, yearn (sláekkislíkuáþik,atþ.eptireinnikonu);refl.,þrástáe-t, tolongfora thing.

þrá,f. longing,yearning;leggjaþráríet, to yearn after a thing.

þrá,n. obstinacy (Hrafnharðnaðiísínu þráiviðbiskup);íþ.e-m, indefianceof, inspiteof (gerðiþathverríþ.öðrum); honumþóttiþatmjökgertíþ.sér, inhis despite,inordertothwarthim;gangaá þ., toveerroundandbecomecontrary,of wind (því næst gekk veðr á þ.).

þrá-beiting,f. continualtacking; -bœni,f. persistenceinprayingorasking; -bœnn,a. persistentinprayerorentreaty.

þráðr (gen. þráðar;pl. þræðir,acc. þráðu;nom.andacc.also þræðr),m. thread.

þrá-fylginn,a. persevering,persistent; -girni,f. obstinacy; -gjarn,a. obstinate; -gjarnliga,adv. obstinately; -halda,v. toholdfast,stickto (áe-u); -haldr,a. obstinate, stubborn.

þrái, m. obstinacy, = þrá (n.).

þrá-látr,a. stubborn,obstinate; -leikr,m. perseverance; -liga,adv.(1) obstinately (neitae-u-liga);(2) incessantly,continuously; -ligr,a. continuous,incessant; -lífr,a. tenaciousoflife; -lundaðr,a.=þrá-lyndr; -lyndast,v.refl. tobeobstinateinathing (íe-u); -lyndi, n. stubbornness; -lyndr,a. obstinate, stubborn; -læti,n.=-lyndi; -mæli,n. obstinate talk.

þrár (þrá, þrátt),a. stubborn,obstinate (þóttþúsérsváþ.,atþúvilirengis mannsráðihlýða);neut.,þráttasadv., frequently.

þrá-reip,n. tightorstrongrope (?); -rækiligr,a. obstinate; -rækr,a. persistent; -samliga,adv. perseveringly,obstinately (neita-samliga); -seta,f. long sitting; -viðri,n. aconstantadversewind; -yrði, n. pl. obstinate speech = -mæli.

þref,n.akindof upperfloor;fig.,kemr núáþ.umdraumana, the(dismal)dreams come again.

þre-falda (að),v. totriple; -faldan, f. amakingthreefold; -faldliga,adv. trebly; -faldr, a. threefold.

þreft, m. a number of sheaves, thrave. þreifa (að),v. tofeelwiththehand, touch (farþúhingatokvilekþ.umþik); þ.íhönde-m, toshakeone’shand;refl., þreifastfyrir, tofeelforoneself,grope along.

þreifanligr, a. tangible.

þrek,n.,poet. þrekr,m., pith, strength,courage,daring (eigihófumver þrektilatberjastviðÞorstein)hafaþrek við e-m, to be a match for.

þrekaðr, pp. worn, exhausted. þrek-förlaðr,pp. withfailingcourage or strength (poet.).

þrekinn, a. strong, enduring. þrekkóttr, a. dirty, filthy.

þrekkr, m. dirt filth. þrek-lauss,a. pithless; -leysi,n. lack offortitude,pithlessness; -liga,adv. strongly,stoutly; -ligr,a. strong.stoutof frame; -maðr,m. astout,strongman; -mannliga,adv. stoutly; -mikill,a. strong, valiant.

þrekr, m. = þrek (mikill þ. ok afl).

þrek-raun,f. trialofstrengthor courage (þetta var mikil -raun).

þreku-ligr, a. = þrekligr. þrek-vana,a.indecl. destituteof strength; -virki,n. deedofderring-do (þetta er hit mesta -virki).

þrenning,f. trinity,esp. theTrinity (þrenningartrúa); þrenningar-messa, f. Trinity-Sunday.

þrennr,a. trifile,threefold;plur.in distrib.sense, three;þrennartylftirí

fjórðungihverjum, threetwelvesineach quarter;þettaeruþrennverð, threetimes the price.

þrep, n., þrepi, m. ledge.

þreskja (-ta, -tr), v. to thresh.

þresköldr (gen. -aldar,dat. -eldi; pl. -eldir,acc. -öldu),m.(1) threshold; (2) anisthmus or ridgefloodedathighwater.

þrettán,card.numb. thirteen; þrettándi, ord. numb. the thirteenth.

þre-vetr,a. threewinters(oryears)old (þeir vóru -vetrir).

þreyja (þrey, þreyða, þreyðr),v. to feel for, desire, yearn after.

þreyta (-tta, -ttr),v. toprosecutea thingstoutlytostrivehardinathing;þ. leik,rásviðe-n, tocontendinagame,run aracewithone;þ.kapp-sigling, tosaila race;þ.drykkjuviðe-n, tovieindrinking withone;þ.ádrykkjuna, tostrivehardto drink;þ.e-tmeðkappmælum, todispute eagerly;þ.lögume-t, tocontendatlaw; jarlarnirþreyttuþettameðsér, itcame tohighwordsbetweenthem;þeirþreyttu atkomastinníborgina, theytriedhard togetintotheburgh;þ.hestsporum, to prick the horse with the spurs. þreyttr,pp. exhausted,wornout;þótt hannsémjökatþ., thoughhebesorely tried.

þriði (gen.,dat.,acc. þriðja,pl. þriðju),ord.numb. thethird;íþriðja sinn, for the third time.

þriðja-brœðra,indecl. fourth(male) cousins; -brœðri, m. fourth cousin. þriðjunga-skipti,n. adivisioninto three parts.

þriðjungr,m. thethirdpart;aukast þriðjungi, to be increased by a third. þriðjungs-auki,m. anincreasebya

third; thethirdpartthewifewasentitledto of the joint property.

þrif,n.pl. thrivingcondition,welldoing,prosperity;standae-mfyrirþrifum, tostandinthewayofone’swell-doing; verða at þrifum, to become prosperous.

þrifgast (að), v. to thrive, = þrífast.

þrif-gjafari,m. giverofgoodthings; -gjafi,m.=-gjafari; -gjöft,f. giftof grace salvation.

þrifinn,a.(1) active;(2) well-favoured (þ. af sinum líkam).

þrif-liga,adv.(1) deftly,briskly (eta -liga);(2) neatly,carefully (-ligabúinn); -ligr,a. thrifty,well-looking; -mannligr, a. -ligr.

þrifnaðar-lauss,a. miserable, wretched; -maðr,m. awell-to-do(prosperous) man.

þrifnaðr,m. thriving,prosperity,success in life.

þrif-samligr,a. wholesome; -samr,a. thriving,prosperous; -semd, -semi,f. prosperity, welfare.

þrift, f. = þrif, þrifnaðr.

þriskja (-ta, -tr), v. = þreskja.

þrí-angaðr,a. three-forked; -boginn, pp. thricebent; -breiðr,a. oftriple breadth,ofcloth; -bryddr,pp. withthreefoldmounting; -deila (-da, -dr),v. todivideintothreeparts; -engdr,pp. threepronged.

þrífa (þríf; þreif, þrifum; þrifinn),v.(1) tocatch,grasp,totake holdofsuddenly (þ.e-n,eptire-m,íe-n, tile-s);þ.áe-m, tolayhandson;(2)refl., þrífast, tothrive (hannbaðbannillafara ok aldri þ.).

þrí-falda (að),v. tomakethreefold; -faldr,a. threefold; -forn,a. thrice-old, threeyearsold (-forntsmjör); -fœttr,a.

three-legged; -gilda (-lda,-ldr),v. topay three-fold; -greindr,pp. three-branched; -hendr,a. withthreerhymingsyllables ineachline; -hyrndr,pp. three-horned, triangular; -hyrningr,m. triangle; -höfðaðr,pp. three-headed; -kvíslaðr, pp. three-branched; -menningr,m. secondcousin; -merkingr,m. aringweighingthreeounces; -mútaðr,pp. thrice moulted; -nættr, a. three nights old.

þrír (þrjár, þrjú), card. numb. three. þrí-skafinn,pp. thricepolished; -skeptr,pp. (wadmal)ofthreestrands; -skeyta,f. triangle; -skipta (-pta, -ptr),v. todivideintothreeparts; -tugandi,ord.numb. thethirtieth; -tugr, a.(1) agedthirty (-tugrataldri);(2) havingthirtyoar-benches;(3) ofthirty (fathoms, ells).

þrítug-sessa,f. ashiphavingthirty oar-benches.

þrítøg-náttr, a. of thirty nights. þrí-tøgr,a.=þrítugr; -vetr,a. þrevetr; -vægr,a. oftripleweight; -ærr, a. three years old.

þrjóta (þrýt; þraut, þrutum; þrotinn),v.impers.;(1)þrýtre-t(acc.) itfails,comestoanend;enerveizluna þrýtr, whenitcametotheendofthebanquet;þartilerþrautdalinn, tillthedale ended(amongthehills);þartilerþraut skeröll, tilltherewasanendofallthe skerries;seintþrýtrþann,erverrhefir, themanwithabadcasehasahundredexcuses;(2)withacc.ofpersonandthing (e-nþrýtre-t);enerhann(acc.)þraut orendit, whenbreathfailedhim;Hrapp þrautvistiríhafi, H.ranshortoffoodat sea;(3) tobecomeexhausted,fail;mara þraut óra, our steeds were exhausted. þrjótkast (að), v. = þrjózkast.

þrjót-lyndi,n. stubbornness; -lyndr, a. refractory stubborn. þrjótr,m.(1) knave;(2) defiance; bjóða e-m þrjót, to bid defiance to one. þrjózka, f. refractoriness, obstinacy. þrjózkast (að),v.refl. toberefractory or rebellious. þrjózkr, a. refractory.

þroskaðr, pp. grown up, adult. þroska-maðr,m. astout,vigorous man; -mikill,a. vigorous; -munr,m. differenceinvigour; -samr,a. manly,vigorous.

þroskast (að),v. togrowuptofullage, live to be a man.

þroska-vænligr, a. promising. þroski,m.(1) maturity,fullage,manhood (sveinninnvarsnimmameðmiklumþroska);(2) promotion,advancement (ekemþvífegnust,atþinnþ.mætti mestr verða).

þroskr,a. vigorous,mature,full-grown (enn þroski Njarðar sonr).

þroskuligr,a. vigorous (snemmaþ., mikill ok sterkr).

þrot,n. lack,want (þarerekkiþ.átu); atþrotumkominn, wornout,exhausted (þeirvóruþáalliratþrotumkomnirof matleysi).

þrota (að),v.impers.,e-nþrotaret, onerunsshortofathing (efþikþrotar föng);ráðinþrotarfyrirhonum, thereis alackofcounselforhim,heisathiswit’s end.

þroti, m. swelling, tumour. þrotinn,pp.from‘þrjóta’, atanend, past,gone (getek,atþrotinséþínmesta gæfa);þ.atdrykk, outofdrink;hestrinn varþ., quiteexhausted;enerallirvóru þrotniráatbiðjahanntil, whenallwere tired of begging him.

þrotna Þ þrælka

þrotna (að),v. torunshort,dwindle away,cometoanend (Hreiðarrsá,atþeirra kostr mundi brátt þ.).

þrotnaðr,m., þrotnan,f. vanishing, vera í þrotnan, to be waning.

þrot-ráði, a. destitute, helpless.

þrots-maðr,m. destituteperson,pauper.

þró (pl. þrœr, þróar),f. hollowet wood or stone, trough.

þróast (að),v.refl. towax,increase, grow;metnaðrhonumþróast, pridewaxes in him.

þróttigr, a. powerful, mighty.

þrótt-lauss,a. pithless,powerless; -leysi,n. wantofstrength; -liga,adv. mightily,forcibly; -mikill,a. doughty, strong.

þróttr (gen. -ar),m. strength,might, valour,firmness (sannligaerskekinnþ.ór yðr).

þrótt-sinni,n. endurance,vigour; -öflugr, a. mighty. powerful.

þruma, f. clap of thunder (reiðar þ.).

þruma (að), v. to rattle.

þruma (þrumi, þrumða, þrumat),v. (1) tostand,sitfast;þarsValhöllvíðof þrumir, standsspacious;þ.yfiröldrinn, to hoveroverbanquets;(2) tostaybehind,loiter, mope.

þrunginn,pp.from‘þryngva’,(1) stifled,oppressed,moody (þrungingóð); þrungindœgr, dismaldays;(2) fullof, fraughtwith;Héluþ., thickwithrime; hleifrþ.sáðum, aloaffullofbran;þ. mœði, swollenwithanger;dynrvarí garði,dröslumofþrungit, crowdedwith horses.

þrúð-hamarr, m. strong hammer. þrúð-heimr,m. ‘thestrongabode’,the habitation of Thor.

þrúðigr, þrúðinn,a. strong; powerful, mighty.

þrúð-æóðugr,a. heroicofmood; -valdr, m. the mighty ruler (Thor).

þrúð-vangr, m. = -heimr.

þrúgan, f. compulsion (þ. laganna).

þrútinn, a. swollen, oppressed. þrútna (að),v.(1) toswell (fótrinn þrútnaðimjök);(2) toincrease,wax (þrútnar at um e-t).

þrútnan, f. swelling. þrútuligr, a. swollen in the face.

þrymill, m. a hard knot in the flesh. þrymja (þrumda),v. tolie,extend, spread (þrymr of öll lönd ørlögsímu).

þryngva (þryng; þröng, þrungum; þrunginn),v.(1) topress,thrust (þistill, sáervarþrunginníónnofanverða);(2) torush,pressonward,=þröngvast(oker liðitþröngímilliskipanna,þábrastniðr undir þeim íssinn); see ‘þrunginn’.

þrysvar, adv. thrice, three times. þrýsta (-sta, -str),v.(1) tothrust, press (þátókH.konungráöxlhonum hendinniokþrýsti);B.þrýstiratEyjúlfi fast, B.thrustE.hard;hannþrýstiknénu viðsteininn, hepressedhiskneeagainst thestone;(2) toforce,compel (þ.e-mtiles).

þrýstiligr, a. stout, robust. þrýsting, f. pressure, compulsion. þræla-eini,n.pl. personstobemade slavesof; -fólk,n. thralls,slaves; -tala, f.,hafae-ní-tölu, totreatoneasaslave; -ætt,n. familyofslaves;súkonaereigi -ættar, thatwomanisofnomeanextraction.

þræl-baugr,m. moneypaidasweregildforathrall; -borinn,pp. thrall-born; -dómr, m. thraldom.

þrælka (að), v. to enthral.

þrælkan, f. thraldom (leiða e-n í þ.).

þræll (-s, -ar),m. thrall,slave;fig. wretch, scoundrel.

þræls-efni,n. apersontobemadea slaveof; -gjöld,n.pl. weregildfora thrall; -jafningi,m. thrall’sequal; -kona,f. thrall’swife; -ligr,a. slavish; -nafn,n. nameofathrall;bera-nafn, to be called thrall; -verk, n. work of a thrall.

þræta (-tta, -tt),v. towrangle,litigate;þ.e-s, togainsay,contradict,deny (eigimunekþessþuifaatþ.);þ.ume-t, towrangleabout (umþettaþrættuþeir);

þ. í móti, to gainsay contradict.

þræta,f. quarrel,wrangling,litigation (þar sló í þrætu).

þrætinn, a. litiguous contradictory. þrætni, f. disputatiousness.

þrætu-bók,f. bookofdialectics; -dólgr,m. quarrelsomelitigant; -fullr,a. disputatious; -hagi,m. disputedpasture; -ligr,a. dialectical;-ligíþrótt, artofdialectics; -maðr,m.(1) disputer,disputant;(2) schismatic; -mál,n. litigation; -páfi,m. schismaticpope; -samligr,a. contentious; -sterkr,a. strongindispute. þrömmun, f. trampling, = þramman.

þrömr (gen. þramar,dat. þremi;pl. þremir,acc. þrömu), brim,edge,verge (kominn á heljar þröm).

þröng (pl. þröngvar),f.(1) throng crowd (varðþ.mikil);(2) narrowplace (sumirvörðustíþröngunum);(3)fig. straits (allaþáþ.oknauð,erhannþoldi); (4) shortbreathandcough (þásettiat honum þ. mikla).

þröng-brjóstaðr, a. mean-spirited. þröngð, f. = þröng.

þröng-fœrr, a. narrow to pass. þrønging, f. = þrøngving.

þröng-leikr,m. narrowness; -lendi,

n. narrowland; -lendr,a.narrow,ofa land(þarvarsváþröng-lent); -liga,adv. narrowly,instraits; -meginn,a. oppressed.

þröngr (acc. -van and -an),a.(1) narrow,close,tight (vefjar-upphlutrþ.);skógrinnvarþ., thewoodwasthick;(2) thronged, crowded (þröngt var á skipinu).

þröng-rýmt,a.n. narrow(scanty)land (hafa þröng-rýmt).

þrøngsl, n. pl. straits, distress.

þrøngva (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) topresson one (þ.e-m);withacc.,hanntókatþ. mikmjók, hetookandpressedmehard; (2) tostraiten,tighten (þ.kostie-s);impers.,erRibbungarsá,atallavega þrøngðikostiþeira, thatonallsidestheir meanswerestraitened;(3)þ.e-mtile-s, toforceonetoathing;þ.e-mundirsik, tosubdueonebyforce;þ.e-tútafe-m, toextortfromone;(4)refl.,þrøngvast, to throng,pressforward (þeirréðustímóti okþrøngðustatvaðinu);loftitþrøngvist okþykknar, theairwaxescloseandthickens.

þrøngving, f. straits; fig. distress. þrøngvingar-þél, f. file of adversity. þrøsköldr, m. = þresköldr. þröstr (gen. þrastar;dat. þresti pl. þrestir, acc. þröstu), m. thrush. þukla (að),v. tofeel,touch (þ.sullinn or ásullinum);varsvátilþuklat,at, it was handled so that. þula,f. rhapsody,rigmarole;Rígsþ., the Lay of Rig. þular-stóll, m. wise-man’s chair. þulr (gen. -ar), m. wise-man, sage. þumal-fingr,m. thumb-finger; -tá,f. the great toe; -öln, f. thumb-ell. þulniungr (-s, -ar),m.(1) thethumb (of a glove); (2) inch.

þunga Þ þurfi

þunga (að),v. toload (þ.skipsitt)

þungðkona, awomanwithchild;Þórey var mjök þungð, Th. was far advanced.

þunga-fullr,a.(1) heavy (-fullr svefn); (2) burdened, oppressed.

þungan, f. burden.

þunga-varnaðr, -varningr,m. heavy goods.

þung-býlt,a.n.,e-mverðr-býlt, one hastroublesomeneighbours; -bærr,a. heavytobear,burdensome; -eygr,a. heavy-eyed,dim-eyed; -fœrast,v.refl., tobecomeheavy,infirm; -fœrr,a.(1) heavytomove;(2) infirm (þórirvargamall ok-fœrr); -gengt,a.n. difficulttowalk (e-m verðr -gengt).

þungi,m.(1) heaviness,weight (Ginnungagapfylltistmeðþungaoghöfugleik íssokhrims);(2) burden,encumbrance (verðrmérheldratþvíþ.engagn);(3) load,cargo (Þórirspurði,hvatþungaÁsbjörnhefðiáskipinu);(4) heaviness, drowsiness (þóttþungaeðrgeispasláiá hann).

þungleika-aldr, m. age of infirmity. þung-leikr,m. heaviness,infirmity; -liga,adv. heavily (Njálltókþessu-liga); vera-ligahaldinn, tobevery ill; -ligr, a. heavy,difficult (eigilíztmérþettamál -ligt); -lífr,a. heavyinthebody; -meginn,a. oppressed (þeirvórufáirok -megnir).

þungr,a.(1) heavy,weighty (þóttimér hannnökkurstilþ.);þ.ábaki, heavyto carryonhorseback;skipþungtundir árum, heavytopullwithoars;(2)fig. heavy,oppressive (mannfæðinvarhin þyngsta);honumvóruauguþung, hewas heavy-eyed;meðþunguyfirbragði, witha gloomymien;henniféllþungttilfjár, her moneyaffairswerebird;e-mveitirþyn-

gra, onegetstheworstofit;fáþungtafem, tosufferhardtreatmentfromone;mér erþungt,segirEyjólfr, Idonotfeelwell, says E.

þung-reiðr,a. heavytoridethrough; -ræðr,a. difficult,laborious; -yrkr,a. hard, severe.

þunn-bygðr,pp. thinlyinhabited; -býlt,a.n. thinlypeopledwithfarms; -eggjaðr,a. thin-edged; -geðr,a. weakminded,fickle; -hárr,a. thin-haired; -heyrðr,pp. keenofhearing; -leitr,a. thin-faced; -meginn, a. weak, feeble.

þunnr,a. thin;þunnthár, thinhair; þunnox, athin-edgedaxe;þurintveðr, clearweather;þegjaþunnuhljóði, tokeep a watchful silence. þunn-skafinn,pp. thin-scraped; -skipaðr,pp. thinlymanned; -sleginn, pp. thinlybeaten,thinlymounted; -vangi, m. the temple.

þurðr (gen.-ar),m. decrease,waning (ekki fara í þurð draumarnir).

þurfa (þarf, þurfta, þurft),v.(1) toneed,want (ekkiþarftþúatgangaí húsmín);withgen.,þ.e-s, or þ.e-svið, tostandinneedof (ekþyrftanúguðs miskunnar);Gunnarrkvaðeinskis munduviðþ., G.saidtherewasnoneed ofanything;(2)impers.,þessþarf(við), itisneeded;þessþyrfti,at, itwouldbe necessarythat;withacc.(hversumarga munuvérmennþ.);ekkivarsáleikr,er nökkurrþyrftiviðhannatreyna, itwas nouseforanybodytostrivewithhiminany game.

þurfa-maðr,m. poorman,needyperson (-mannatíund).

þurfandi (pl. -endr), m. = prec. þurfi or þurfa,a. wanting,inneedof (liðs þíns væra ek þá þ.).

þurfsamr, a. helping (e-m).

þurft,f.(1) need,want,necessity;(2) necessarydischarge esp.urine;gangainnar þynnri þurftarinnar, to make water.

þurftugr,a.(1) inneedof (núemekþ. yðarsfulltings);(2) poor,indigent (gamall maðr ok þ.).

þurftuligr, a. useful, profitable.

þurka (að),v. todry,makedry (gerðu þeir mikinn eld ok þurkuðu sik).

þurka, f. (1) drought, dryness; (2) towel. þurkan,f. drying (Karlsefnilagði viðinn til þurkanar).

þurku-samr, a. dry (-samt sumar).

þurr,a. dry (hrárviðreðaþ.);þ.klæði, dryclothes;gangaþurrumfótum(or þurt) yfirána, withdryfeet,withoutwettingthe feet;sitjaþurtumallarvitundir, tobe clearofallcognizance;áþurru, ondry land;fastaþurt(orviðþurt), tofaston fish and vegetable food.

þurra-frost, n. dry frost.

þurr-fasta,f. fastingonfishandvegetablefood; -fasta (að),v. tofastonfish andvegetablefood; -fjallr,a. dryskinned,indryclothes; -fœtis,adv. withoutwettingthefeet; -leikr,m. dryness; -lendi,n. dryland; -lendr,a. withdry soil (jörð-lend); -ligr,a. dry (veðrgott ok-ligt); -lyndi,n. dryness,surliness; -viðri, n. dry weather.

þurs or þuss,m. giant,ogre,monster (líkirþursumatvexti);þursaráðbani ‘slayer of giants (Thor).

þurs-ligr, a. like a giant.

þú (gen. þín,dat. þér,acc. þik; pl. þér or ér,gen. yðar,dat.andacc. yðr), thou.

þúfa (gen.pl. þúfna),f. mound,knoll (H. sat við þúfu eina).

þús-hundrað, n. = þúsund.

þúst, n. flail. þústr,m.(1) stick;(2) chafing,anger, enmity (þóttihonummjökvaxaþ.milli manna í heraðinu).

þúsund (pl. -ir), f. thousand. þvara, f. pot-stick, stirrer. þvari, m. bolt, spear. þvá (þvæ; þó, þógum; þveginn),v.(1) towash (þ.lík,sármanna,höfuðsitt);þ. sík or þ.sér, towashoneself;(2) toremove by washing.

þvátt-aptann, m. Saturday evening. þváttari, m. washer. þvátt-dagr,m. Saturday; -kona,f. washer-woman; -nótt, f. Saturday nikht. þváttr (gen. þváttar,dat. þvætti), m.(1) wash,washing (konanökkurfór meðklæðitilþváttar);(2) clotheswashed at one time, washing (hengja upp þvátt).

þvatt-steinn,m. washing-stone; -vífl, n. bat used in washing. þveita (-tta, -tt), v. to hurl, fling. þveiti, n. a small weight of silver. þvengr (-jar, -ir), m. thong, latchet. þverast (að),v. refl.tomoveathwart, aside (þveraðistSteinarrframá bakkann).

þver-á,f. sideriver,tributaryriver; -bak,n.,um-bak, acrossahorse’sback; -brestr,m. crosschink; -brot,n. a breakacross,breach; -dalr,m. sidedale; -feta (að),v. togoaslant; -fingr,m. finger’sbreadth; -fjörðr,m. cross-fjord, side-fjord; -gyriðingr,m. cross-girding; -høggr,a. cutacross,steep,abrupt; -hönd,f. handsbreadth; -knýta (-tta, -ttr),v. torefuseflatly; -kominn,pp. in anawkwardposition; -kyrfa (-ða, -ðr), v. todivide(ahouse)acrossortransversely, opp.to‘atendilöngu’; -liga,adv. ‘athwart’,flatly (neita,synja,takae-u

-liga); -lyndi,n. refractoriness,wrongheadedness; -lyndr,a. wrong-headed,refractory; -neita (að),v. todenyflatly; -pallr,m. crossdais,thehigh-flooratthe halls end.

þverr,a.(1) athwart,transverse,opp.to ‘endilangr’(tjaldaumþveranskálann);lá hverrumannanþveran, inheaps;faraþ. áfœtiate-u, tobeunwillingforathing; beitaþvert, tosailclose-hauled,nearthe wind;(2) adverse,contrary (veðrhörðok þver);(3) cross,obstinate;hannkvaztekkiþ.veraíþvíatseljaskipit, hesaidhe wouldnotbehardaboutsellingtheship; setjaþvertneifyrir, todenyflatly;ekvil þóeigiþverttaka,efþérerlítitum, Iwill not take it crossly, if it is not to thy mind.

þverra (þverr; þvarr, þurrum; þorrinn),v. towane,growless,decrease (íþennatímaþurrumjökvinsældirValdemars konungs).

þverra, v. to make to decrease. þvers,adv. across,athwart;hannsnýr

þ.afleiðinni, heturnsabruptlyawayfrom the path; þ. í móti e-u, quite contrary to. þver-skeytingr,m. cross-wind,sidewind; -skipa,adv. athwarttheship; -skurðr,m. transversecut; -skytningr,m.=-skeytingr; -slag,n. crossstroke; -stigr,m. cross-path,side-path; -stræti,n. cross-street; -syll,f. crosssill.

þverst orlater þvest,n. theleanflesh underneath the blubber of a whale.

þver-taka,v. todenyflatly,=takae-u þvert; -tré,n. cross-tree; -úð,f.(1) discord;(2) disobedience; -vegr,m. crossway;á-veginn, across,cross-wise, athwart; -þili,n. crossdeal,transverse partition.

þvinga (að),v.(1) toweighdown,op-

press; (2) to compel, force.

þvingan,f. oppression,hardship (til þvingunar ok ófrelsis).

þvis, interj. (hvis, þ., af tjöldin!).

þviti,m. akindofstone (tókuþeir mikinn stein; sá heitir þ.).

því (prop.dat.from‘þat’),adv.and conj.(1) therefore (varðþ.ekkiafferðinni);afþ., therefore;(2)afþ.at,þ. at, because,for (tóksteigiatreiðin,þvíat búendrfrestuðu);(3)þ.ateins, onlyon thatcondition (4) why,=hví(onlyinlatertexts);(5)withcompar., the;hannvar þ.ástsællisemhannvarellri, hewasthe more beloved the older he grew.

þvígit =því-giat;withcompar. notthe; þ. fleira, not the more, no more. því-líkr,a. ‘such-like’,such (mundiengi eiga -líkan hest).

þvísa,olddat.sing.neut.,=þessu;íþ. ljósi, in this light, in this world. þykk-byrt,a.n.,hafa-byrt, tohave thick,stoutarmour; -býlt,a.n. thick-set, studded,withhamlets; -farit,pp.n., gera -farit, to make frequent visits. þykkja (þykki, þótta, þótt),v.(1) to bethoughttobe,seemtobe,beesteemed orreckonedas;hónþóttibeztrkostr, she wasthoughtthebestmatch;(2)withdat. it seemstoone,onethinks (þykkimérráð,at þúfariratfinnaGizurhvíta);e-mþykkir ate-u, onefeelshurtat,takesittoheart, isdispleasedwith (þóttimönnummikit atumvígKjartans);mérþykkirfyrir(or fyr)e-u, Idislike,amunwillingto (mér þykkirmeirafyrirenöðrummönnumat vegamenn);e-mþykkirmikitume-t, onetakesitmuchtoheart (honumþótti svámikitumfallÓlafskonungs,at);emþykkirmikitundire-u, onethinksit ofgreatimportance (mikitþóttispökum

mönnumundirþví,at);impers.,vilda ek,atþérþœttieigiverr, Iwishthatthou wouldstnottakeitamiss;þóttisinnveg hvárum, theydisagreed;þykkimérsem undanségaflveggrinn, itseemstomeas thoughthegable-wallweredown;þótti mérþeirsœkjaat(=semþeirsœktiat), methoughttheypressedhardonme;(3)refl.,þykkjast, toseemtooneself,thinkoneself,think (enekþykkjumstþómjökneyddrtilhafaverit);hannþykkisteinnvita allt, hethinkshealoneknowseverything; þykkisthannmjökfyriröðrummönnum, hethinkshimselffaraboveothermen;en Brynhildrþykkistbrúðrvar-gefin, butB. will think she is ill-matched.

þykkja,f.(1) thought; liking,sentiment, disposition;fóruþykkjurþeirasaman, theirsentimentswenttogether;(2) dislike, displeasure (leggja þykkju á e-n or e-t).

þykkjast (t),v.refl. totakeoffenceat, takeamiss,getangrywith (þ.viðe-torvið e-n).

þykkju-dráttr,m. discord; -lauss,a. good-natured,careless,easy; -mikill,a. choleric of temper.

þykk-leikr,m. thickness; -leitr,a. chubby-faced; -liga,adv. proudly,sulkily (svara-liga); -mikill,a. verythick,of weather.

þykkna (að),v. tothicken,becomethick (tók veðrit at þ.).

þykkr, m. thwack, hurt. þykkr (acc. -van),a. thick,=þjokkr (garðrfimmfetaþ.);þykktveðr, thick weather;þ.skógr, denseforest;þykkthár, thick hair. þykk-röggvaðr,pp. thick-furred; -settr,pp. thick-set,thick-ranked; -skipaðr,pp. thicklymanned; -skýjaðr, pp. thick-clouded; -varraðr,pp. thick-

lipped; -vaxinn,pp. thick-set,stoutof growth.

þykt, f. thickness, denseness. þykt, f. resentmnent, displeasure. þylja (þyl; þulda; þuliðr, þulinn), v. tospeak,recite,chant; tomuttertooneself;þ.ífeldsinn, tomurmurintoone’s cloak;refl.,þyljastum, tomuttertooneself.

þyngd,f.(1) heaviness,weight;(2) illness,sickness (H.tókþáþ.miklaoklá þóeigi);(3) troubles (síðanervérmistum skipa várra, er oss hefir öll þ. af staðit).

þynging, f. burden, heaviness. þyngja (-da, -dr),v. toweighdown, makeheavy;impers.,sóttinniþyngir, the illnessgrowsworse;þyngire-m, onegrows worse(fromillness); onegrowsheavyfrom sleep;refl.,þyngjast, togrowheavy,adverse (tekrnúbardaginnatþ.);e-mþyngist=e-mþyngir(þátókhonumatþyngjast).

þyngsl,n.pl.(1) burden;gerae-mþ., verae-mtilþyngsla, tobeaburdento one;(2) heavyaffliction (mérþykkirillt, at menn hljóti svá mjök þ. af mér).

þynna (-ta, -tr),v. tomakethin;impers.,þynnirkóf,þoku, thefogbeginsto lift.

þyrja (þurða), v. poet. to sweep, rush. þyrma (-da, -t),v.(1) todealreverently with,showrespectto,keep,observe,with dat.(þ.eiðum,griðum);þ.hátíð, torespecttheholy-day;(2) toshowmercyto, spare (þ.úvinumsínum);(3)refl.,þyrmast, todisplayforbearance;konungrbað hann,athannskyldiþ.viðMagnúskonung, toforbearfromviolencetowards king M.

þyrmi-liga, adv. gently, forbearingly. þyrm-liga, -samliga,adv.=þyrmiliga

(bundinn eigi -samliga).

þyrna-fullr, a. full of thorns.

þyrni-hjálmr,m. thorn-helmet; -koróna, m. crown of thorns.

þyrnir (pl. þyrnar), m. thorn.

þyrni-tré, n. thorn-bush.

þyrpast (t),v.refl. tocrowd,throng (þyrptust menn at honum).

þyrsklingr, m. codling.

þyrsta (-sti, -st),v.impers.,mikþyrstir, Iamthirsty (hanaþyrstiatmeirr;þar þyrstir jörðina).

þyrstr, a. thirsty (þ. til e-s, í e-t).

þys-höll, f. a crowded hall.

þysja (þys, þustaþust),v. torush (þustu þeir þá fram ór skóginum).

þys-mikill, a. noisy, uproarious.

þyss,m. noise,uproar,riot (þágerðistþ. mikill í bœnum).

þytr,m. noise,whistlingsound (þ.vatna); þ. smábarna, cries, wailings.

þý (gen. -jar,dat. -ju;pl. -jar),f. bondmaid, bondwomnan.

þý-borinn, pp. born of a bondwoman.

þýða (-dda, -ddr),v.(1) towinover,attach;þ.sér, toattachtooneself (hannferr víðaumlöndokþýddisérfólkit);(2) to explain,interpret (þ.draum);(3) tosignify (hvatætlarþúþennadraumþ.?);(4) refl.,þýðaste-n, toattachoneselfto,associatewithone;þ.e-nmeðvináttu, tobeon afriendlyfootingwithone;þ.e-m=þ.en;Uniþýddistþórunni,dótturLeiðólfs, U.paidcourttoTh., daughterofL.;þ.til e-s,undire-n, toattachoneselfto,pay homageto,submitto (vilduþeirheldrþ. undirhanskonungdómenundirSvía-konung;þýddusttilhansmargirhöfðingjar af öðrum löndum).

þýða, f. attachment, love.

þýðerska, -eska, f. = þýðverska.

þýðerskr, -eskr, a. = þýðverskr.

þýðing,f.(1) interpretation,translation; (2) sense, meaning.

þýð-leikr,m. attachment,affection; -ligr,a. attached,affectionate; -læti,n. = -leikr.

þýðr, a. kind, affectionate, affable. þýð-verska,f.(1) Germanlanguageor custom;(2) Germany (=þýðverskuland); -verskr, a. German.

þýfð, f. (1) theft; (2) stolen goods. þýfðr,pp. coveredwithlittlehillocks (þúfur), uneven,ofafield (þarvarþýft mjök).

þýfi, n. theft, stolen goods.

þýfi-gjöld, n. pl. a fine for theft.

þýfska, f. theft, stolen goods.

þýzkr, a. = þýðverskr (þ. söðull).

þægiligr, a. acceptable, agreeable. þægindi,n.pl. pleasure;gerae-me-ttil þæginda, to do a thing to please one.

þægja (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) tomakeacceptable;(2) topushroughly,shove,withdat.; Þorsteinnþægirhonumíbekkinn, Th. pushes him roughly on the bench.

þægr, a. acceptable, agreeable. þœfa (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) tofull (þ.klæði); (2) topress;þ.e-numliðsbeina, topress oneforhelp;(3) towalkheavily,lumber (þœfðihónþáofantilárinnar);(4)refl., þœfastvið, toquarrel,squabble;þ.tile-s, tostruggle(fight)forathing (eigimunek lengi þ. til hvílunnar við þik).

þœfa, þœfð, f. quarrel, squabble. þœfni, f. disposition to quarrel. þögn (gen. þagnar),f. silence;slæráen, one is struck dumb. þögull, a. habitually silent, taciturn. þökk (gen. þakkar,pl. þakkir),f.(1) pleasure,liking;gerae-ttilþakkae-s, to one’sliking,topleaseaperson;(2) thanks

(Auðrtókþatmeðþökkum);mérerþ.á

e-u, Iamthankfulforathing;kunnae-m þ.fyrire-t, tobemuchobligedtoonefora thing;geraguðiþakkirfyrire-t, tothank God for a thing.

þöll (gen. þallar), f. young fir-tree.

þömb (gen. þambar), f. paunch.

þön (gen. þanar,pl. þanir),f. tenter, stretcher (þeir tóku gærur af þönum).

þöngull (pl. þönglar),m. steinof tangle (S. greip upp einn þöngulinn).

þörf (gen. þarfar,pl. þarfar),f. want,need,necessity;e-serþ., athingis

wanted,isnecessary (hónkvaðþesslitla þ.);e-mere-sþ.,e-merþ.áe-u, oneis inneedof;þáerþ.verðr, whenwanted; efgørastþarfarþess, ifneedbe;þolaþ. e-s, tobeinwantof;fjársíns,erfengit hefir,skylitmaðrþ.þola, amanshould notstinthimselfofmoneyhehasmade; þörfummeirr, morethanwanted,excessively;e-tkemrvelíþarfar, itcomesto gooduse,comesinwhenwanted;vinnaþ., tosuffice;kunnaþ.(withinfin.), tolong to, feel impelled to. þörf-gi, poet. no need, not needed.

Æ

æ, interj. ah! o! oh! (denoting pain).

æ,adv.(1) aye,ever,always (viðvíneitt Óðinnælifir);æokæ, foreverandever; æjafnan, foreverandaye;(2)withcompar.;gljúfrinvóruæþvíbreiðarierofarr dró, theravinebecameeverthebroaderthe higheronewentup;æsemfyrst, thesoonestpossible;(3) never (æmennhannsjálfan um sjá).

æða-blóð,n. bloodrunningintheveins; taka e-m -blóð, to bleed one.

æða-fugl, m. eiderbird, = æðr.

æðr (gen. æðar,dat.andacc. æði;pl. æðar), f. eiderduck.

æðr (gen. æðar,dat.andacc. æði;pl. æðar),f. vein (blóðhansvaralltór æðum runnit).

æðra,f. fear,despondency,despair; mæla æðru, to utter words of despair.

æðrast (að),v.refl. tofalterfromfear, loseheart (eigiskyldimvéræ.atleggjatil bardaga).

æðru-orð,n. wordoffear (engimaðr skyldi þar -orð mæla).

æfar, adv. very, exceedingly,= afar.

æfi, f. age, etc., see ‘ævi’.

æfintýr, n., see ‘ævintýr’.

ægir (gen. ægis),m.(1) thesea,ocean, main;sólgengríægi, thesunsetsinthe sea;(2) thegiant Ægir, thehusbandof Ran;Ægisdœtr,the daughtersofÆ., the waves, billows.

ægi-sandr, m. sea-sand.

æja (æ, áða, áð),v. torestandbait (æ. hestumsínum);absol.,þeiráðuíKerlingardal, theybaitedtheirhorsesinCarlinedale.

æligr, a. vile, wretched.

æ-lífr, a. eternal, = eilífr.

ær (gen. ær,dat.andacc. á;pl. ær, gen. á, dat. ám), f. ewe (kýr ok ær).

æra, f. honour (engrar æru verðr).

æra (-ða, -t),v. torow,pull (from‘ár’, oar);æ.undane-m, torowawayfrom,retreat before, one.

æra (-ða, -t),v. togiveagoodcrop (from‘ár’, year);impers.,ærirakr(acc.), the field becomes fertile.

ær-ligr, a. honest (for. and late).

-ærr, a. -oared, in compds.

ært,a.n.,inthephrase,velæ.,illaæ., a good, bad year or season.

æru-fullr,a. worthy; -lauss,a. dishonest; -ligr, a. honourable.

æs (pl. -ar), f. thread-hole in a shoe.

æsta (æsta, æstr),v. toask,demand, request (æ.e-ne-s);æ.sórgriða, toask for a truce.

æta, f. eater, in ‘mann-æta’.

-æti, n. edible thing, in ‘úæti’.

æ-tíð, adv. at every time, ever.

ætla (að),v.(1) tothink,mean,suppose (munuþeiræ.,atvérhafimriðitaustr); hannætlaðihennilífensérdauða, heexpectedlifeforher,butdeathforhimself; (2) tointend,purpose (ekætlaokstyrkja Gunnaratnökkuru);þeirætluðuekki lengraíkveld, theydidnotintendtogo anyfartherto-night;þatverðrhverrat vinna,erætlater, everyonemustdothe workthatissetbeforehim;æ.e-me-t, to setapartforone,allottoone (hannætlaðiþrælumsínumdagsverk); tointenda thingforone (hannkeyptiþarpellágætt,

ætlan Æ ætt-fólk

erhannætlaðiÓlafikonungi); toexpect fromone,suspectoneof (þérmundiþat engimaðræ.);æ.sérhóf, tokeepwithin bounds;æ.sér(withinfin.), tointend, purpose (efhannætlarsératkeppavið oss);suðrætlaekmératganga, Iintend togosouth (toRome);æ.fyrir(withinfin.), tointend (eruþathinmestufirn, atþérætliðfyriratleggjaáalltfólk ánauðarok);æ.e-tfyrir, toforedoom,foreordain (þatmunverðaumforlögokkur semáðrerætlatfyrir);æ.fyrirsér, to thinkbeforehand,expect (martverðrannanvegenmaðrinnætlarfyrirsér);æ.til e-sstaðar, tointendtogotoaplace (þeir sigldunúokætla,tilMiklagarðs);æ.til e-s, toreckonupon,expect (eigiþarftutil þessatæ.,atekgangaviðfrændsemivið yðr);hanntóksérbústaðokætlaðiþar landeigntil, hedestinedapieceoflandfor thatpurpose;(3)refl.,ætlast, tointend, purpose,=ætlasér(hannætlastatfaratil Jómsborgar);æ.e-tfyrir, tointendtodo athing (vérskulumhaldatilnjósn,hvat Ólafr ætlast fyrir).

ætlan,f.(1) thought,meaning,opinion (hverjaæ.hafiðþérumúfriðþenna);(2) plan,design (brástsúæ.,semáðrvargör umatlöguna);(3) reason,meaning;þater engiæ., thereisnousethinkingofthat; (4) estimate (mevifjöldienhœgtværiat telja eða æ. á koma).

ætlanar-maðr,m. steward,=bryti, ráðsmaðr; -verk, n. task. ætni, f., -löstr, m. gluttony. ætr, a. eatable (allt þat er ætt er).

ætt (pl. -ir),f.(1) quarteroftheheaven, direction,=átt(fluguþauíbrottbæði samtísömuæ.);(2) one’sfamily,extraction,pedigree (hannvarsœnskratæ.); þaðanerukomnarþrælaættir, theraceof

thralls;teljaæ.tile-s, totraceone’spedigreeto;e-tgengríæ., itishereditary;(3) generation (í ina þriðju eða fjórðu æ.).

ættaðr,pp. descended (hónvarættuð órMostr);æ.vel, well-born,ofgoodfamily.

ættar-bragð,n. familytrait; -bœtir, m. bettererofone’sfamily; -ferð,f. origin,descent; -fylgja,f. familyguardian spirit; -gift,f. familyluck; -gripr,m. heirloom; -haugr,m. familycairn,family tomb; -högg,n. familyblow,calamity; -mót,n. familylikeness (erþat-mótmeð okkr); -nafn,n. hereditarytitle; -réttr, m. hereditaryright; -ríki,n. hereditary kingdom; -skarð,n. aloss(bydeath)ina family; -skömm,f. adisgracetoafamily (ofaperson); -spillir,m.family spoiler, disgracer; -svipr,m.=-mót; -tal,n., -tala, f. pedigree, genealogy.

ætt-bálkr,m. lineage,family; -bogi, m. lineage; -borinn,pp.(1) born,native; þar-borinníÞrándheimi, anativeofTh.; vel-borinn, well-born,ofgood family;(2) bornto,entitledtobybirth;-borinntil lands, arightfulheiroftheland;(3) legitimate (sonr -borinn).

ætterni,n.(1) descent,extraction,origin (ekkivarmargramannavitorðáhans æ.);suðreyskratæ.,by birth;teljaæ.til e-s, toreckonone’spedigreeuptoaperson;(2) family,kindred,kinsmen (þarer æ. hans allt).

ætt-fólk,n. relations,kinsmen; -fróðr,a. wellversedinpedigrees; -fœrsla,f. adoption; -gangr,m. succession; -geigr,m. familycalamity; -gengr,a. characteristicofone’sfamily,born intheblood (e-mere-t-gengt); -góðr,a. ofgoodfamily; -gœði,n. goodnessoforigin,rank,highbirth; -göfugr,a. ofnoble

extraction; -hagi,m.=átthagi; -hringr, m. lineage, pedigree.

ættingi (pl. -jar), m. kinsman. ætt-jörð,f. nativecountry; -kvísl,f. aline,branchoffamily; -land,n. one ’ s nativeland; -leggr,m. stem,lineage; -leiða (-dda, -ddr),v. tolegitimate (a naturalchild); -leiðing,f. legitimation (ofanaturalchild); -leiðingr,m. alegitimatedchild; -leifð,f. patrimony; -lera,a.indecl. degenerate; -leri,m. a degenerateperson,adiscredittoafamily; -liðr,m. alinkin a pedigree; -menn,m. pl. kinsmen; -nafn,n. a(Christian)name usualinafamily; -niðr,m. descendant; -rif,n.=-leggr; -smár,a. oflowextraction; -stórr,a. high-born; -stœri,f. greatnessofextraction; -víg,n. slayingof akinsman; -vísi,f. knowledgeofgenealogies.

æva,adv.(1) never (sáeræ.þegir);Gísli kvaðþávísu,eræ.skyldi, G.repeated aversethathenevershould;(2) atany time,ever;æ.ekki, never,=æva-gi;(3) not (jörð fannst æ. né upphiminn).

æva-gi, adv. never, = æva ekki. ævar, adv. = afar, æfar.

æ-verðligr, a. everlasting. ævi (gen. ævi),f.(1) age,time;hannvar konungryfirNóregilangaæ., foralong time;umaldrokæ., foreverandever;alla æ., foralltime,ever;inforna(nýja)æ., theold(new)era;(2) lifetime (helztþat alltumhansæ.);(3) alife-story,biography =ævi-saga(hannritaðiæ.Nóregskonunga).

ævi-dagar,m.pl. life-days; -liga,adv. forever; -ligr,a. everlasting; -lok,n.pl. life’s end, death. ævin-lengd,f. alife’scourse; -liga, adv. forever; -ligr,a. everlasting; -rúnar,f.pl. everlastingrunesormysteries; -trygðir,f.pl. everlastingtruce (aldrtrygðir ok -trygðir).

ævintýr,n.(1) adventure;vitasitteptirkomandaævintýr, toknowone’sfuture lot; (2) tale, story.

ævintýrr, m. = ævintýr.

ævi-saga, f. life, biography. æzka,f. relationship,kinship (veraí æzku við e-n).

æzkatr, pp. = ættaðr.

æzli, n. carrion.

Œ

œða (œdda, œddr),v. tomakefurious; mostlyrefl.,œðast, tobecomefranticor furious (hestrinn œddist ok sleit reipin).

œði,f.(1) rage,fury (R.sprattuppafœ. mikilli ok mælti); (2) madness, frenzy.

œði,n. nature,disposition,mind,also manners (hannhafðimjökásérkaupmannsœ.);erþatokekkiviðþittœ., it does not suit thee.

œði-fullr,a. furious; -saraligr,a.= -fullr; -stormr,m. furiousgale; -straumr,m. furiouscurrent; -veðr,n. =-stormr; -verkr,m. furiouspain; -vindr, m. = -veðr.

œðr,a. thatmaybewaded,fordable,= vœðr (áin var eigi œð).

œðri,a.compar., œztr,a.superl. higher,highest;(1) inalocalsense;uppi okniðrileitaðaekœðravegar, upand downIsoughtforthehigherroad;œðra öndvegi,œðribekkr, theupperhigh-seat, higherbench,opp.toúœðraö.,úœðrib., thelowerhigh-seatorbench;(2)fig. higher (highest)inrank or dignity (tólfhofgoðar vóru œztir).

œfi-maðr, m. man of violence. œfr,a. vehement,angry,chafing (varþá konungar svá œ. ok œrr, at).

œgi-liga,adv. terribly,threateningly; -ligr, a. terrible, awful.

œgir (gen. -is),m. frightener,terrifier (Engla œ., gumna œ.).

œgis-heimr,m.poet. thisworld;

-hjálmr,m. helmetofterror;bera-hjálm yfire-m, toholdoneinaweandsubmission;bera-hjálmíaugum, tohaveaterror-striking glance.

œgja (-ða, -ðr),v.(1) tomaketerrible, exaggerate;mjökhafaþessirœgðirverití frásögnum, mademoreterriblethanthey are;(2) toscare,frighten,withdat.(œgir mérekkiþettafégjald);impers.,e-m œgir, oneisafraid (ereigiþat,atþérœgi viðmikatberjast?);(3) tothreaten;hón œgðimérafafbrýði, shethreatenedmein herjealousy;œ.e-mpíslum, tothreaten with tortures.

œgr, a. terrible, = ógurligr.

œliligr, a. fit to be brought up.

œll, a. fit to be fed or harboured.

œmta (-mta, -mt),v. tomutter (kerlinginœmtirviðinnaríhúsinu);œ.e-uor e-m, tosayawordto,payattentionto,take heed of.

œpa (-ta, -t),v. tocry,shout (bónda múgurinnœptiokkallaði,atþeirvildi hanntilkonungstaka);œ.upp, toshout out;œ.ate-m,œ.áe-n, tocall,cryoutto one;withacc.,œ.heróp,sigróp, toraise a war-cry, a shout of victory.

œra (-ða, -ðr)v. tomadden,makemad (illrandiœrðiSaul);refl.,œrast, torun mad, run wild (œrast nú hestarnir báðir).

œri,a.compar. younger (engimaðrœ. en átján vetra gamall).

œri-liga,adv. furiously,madly (láta -liga); -ligr, a. mad, absurd.

œrinn,a. sufficient,=ýrinn,yfrinn (œrinvarnauðsyntilþessaverks);erþat okœriteitt,at, itisquitesufficientthat; œritfagr, fairenough tilœrins, sufficiently.

œrr, a. mad furious (œ. ok ørvita).

œrsl,n.pl. madness,frenzy;takaœ.,

torunmad;hanngerðiþateigiíœrslum, infitsofmadness;stormrmikillmeð œrslum, a violent gale.

œrsla, f. madness, fury.

œrela-fullr,a. raging,raving (-full grimdmóðurþinnar); -læti,n.pl. ravings; -sótt, f. madness.

œsa (-ta, -tr),v. tostirup,excite;œ. úfrið, tostirupwar;œ.e-nfram, toegg on;impers.,œstistorminnsvá,at, the stormbecamesoviolent,that;refl.,œsast, tobestirredup,swell (vötnœsast,eldr œsist).

œsi-,withadjectivesandnouns, violently,very (-mikill,-hvatlig); -frost, a sharp frost.

œsi-liga,adv. violently,furiously (falla vötnin-liga); -ligr,a. vehement (-lig sótt).

œsing,f. vehemence,fury (meðsvámiklum œsingi, at).

œsingr,m. vehemence,fury (meðsvá miklum œsingi, at).

œsir, m. inciter, stirrer, ringleader. œska, f. youth, childhood.

œski-liga,adv. toone’swishes; -ligr, a. tobewished (-lighvíld);-ligrsonr, an adopted son. œskingar-sonr, m. = óskasonr.

œskja (-ta, -tr),v. towish (þessœski ek,atekóðlistilíftelífeptirdauðann); œ.e-me-s(or e-t), towishathing,forone. œsku-aldr,m. youthfuldaysorage, youth; -blómi,m. flowerofyouth; -bragð,n. youthfultrick; -fullr,a. youthful; -gleði,f. gleeofyouth; -maðr, m. ayouth; -mót,n. youth-dress; -skeið, n. theprimeoflife;veraaf-skeiði, tobeno longerayoungman; -synd,f. sinofone’s youth (-syndir mínar ok óvizkur).

œstr,pp. excited,eager,ardent;œ.á ímu, eagerforfight;neut.œstasadv.= œsiliga.

œxi, n. excrescence (on the body).

œxla (œxlta or œxta, œxltr or œxtr),v. tocausetoincrease (dvergrinnlézt megaœ.sérféafbauginum);œxtihón öldrykkjur, she made a great ale-drinking. œxla (að), v. = œxla (œxlta).

œxling, f. increase.

Ö, Ø

öðlast or øðlast (að),v.refl. towin, gainasproperty,getforoneself (efþúvill ö. ástir mínar).

øðli, n. origin, extraction, = eðli.

øðli,inthephr.ataldarøðli, ineverlasting possession.

öðlingr, m. a noble captain, prince. öðru-vís, -vísa, -vísi, -vísu,adv. otherwise, in another manner.

öfga (að),v.(1) toreverse (allirstafir eruöfgaðirþessnafns[Eva]okgörtaf Ave);(2) todistort,misrepresent (ö.orðes).

öflgast (að),v.refl. togetstrong,wax (þáöflgaðistágirnitilfjár);ö.ímótie-m, to rise strong against.

öflugr,a. strong,powerful (mikillvexti okö.);leggjaöfigahöndáe-n, tolayviolent hands on one. öflun, f. gain, = aflan.

óflunar-maðr, m. a good steward.

øfri, øfstr, see ‘efri’, ‘efstr’.

öfugr,a.(1) turnedthewrongwaywith thetail or backforemost;ganga,hlaupaö., towalk,leapbackward;drepa,höggvaöfgrihendi, withthebackofthehand;(2) unkind, harsh (mæla öfugt orð til e-s).

öfund,f. grudge,envy,ill-will,hatred (sakiröfundarviðNóregskonung);e-m leikr(vex)ö.áe-u, oneenvies,feelsenvy at;verkþatvarmeðhinnimestuö., that actwastheobjectofthegreatestindignation.

öfunda (að),v. toenvy,bearagrudge against (ö.e-n);ö.vinsælde-s, toenvy hispopularity;ö.e-nviðe-n, todisparage one.

öfundar-andi,m. malice; -blóð,n. bloodshedinenmity; -bragð,n. malicioustrick; -fé,n. moneywhichisacause ofenvy; -flokkr,m. atroopofill-wishers (-menn); -fullr,a. fullofenvy; -grein, f. hostilequarrel; -kent,a.n.,e-mer -kenttile-s, onebearsmalicetoaperson; -krókr,m. malicioustrick; -lauss,a. unenvied; -maðr,m. ill-wisher,enemy; -mál,n. slander,calumny; -orð,n.pl. wordsofenvy,slander; -samr,a. envious; -verk,n. workofenvy; -þáttr,m.= -verk.

öfund-fullr,a. envious; -kent,a.n. =öfundar-kent(e-mer-kentviðe-n); -lauss,a. unenvied; -samliga,adv. enviously; -samr,a.(1) envious;(2) causing envy,envied; -sjúkr,a. envious,jealous; -sýki, f. envy. öfúsa, f. thanks, gratitude, = aufúsa. öfúsu-gestr, m. a welcome guest. ögn (gen. agnar,pl. agnar, agnir), f. chaff,husks (blandaagnaroksáðirvið brauð).

ögr, n. inlet, small bay. økkvinn, a. thick, clodded (ø. hleifr).

ökla (pl. öklu), n. ankle. ökla-eldr,m. afirereachingtotheankles; -liðr, m. ankle-joint. ökul-brœkr,f.pl. breechesreaching downtotheankles; -skúaðr,pp. wearing shoes up to the ankles. öku-vegr,m. carriageroad,cartroad (vegrinn var ekki breiðr).

ökvisi, m., see ‘aukvisi’. öl (dat. ölvi, gen. pl. ölva), n. ale. öl-bekkr,m. ale-bench,drinking-

öl-bogi Ö, Ø önd

bench; sitja á -bekki, to sit drinking.

öl-bogi, m., see ‘ölnbogi’.

öl-búð, f. ale-booth.

öld (gen. aldar,pl. aldir),f.(1) time, age (varö.hansgóðlandsfólkinu);ofallaraldir, throughallages;ataldaøðli, to everlastingpossession,forever;(2) cycle, period;gamlaö., theoldcycle;(3)poet., men, people; alda börn, children of men.

öldr,n.(1) ale (drekkaöldr);(2) drinking-party (at öldri ok at áti).

öldr-mál, n. pl. talk over ale.

öl-drukkinn,pp. drunkwithale; -drykkja,f. ale-drinking; -drykkjar, m. pl. drinking-mates.

öldungr (-s, -ar),m.(1) elder,alderman; senator;(2) hero,champion (mikinn öldunghöfumvérhératvellilagt);(3) old bull.

öldunga-húð,f. hideofanoldbull (hann lætr breiða eina -húð).

öldur-maðr,m. alderman,manof rank; -mannligr,a. aldermanlike,portly, venerable.

öl-eysill,m. ale-ladle; -föng,n.pl. ale-stores; -gögn,n.pl. drinkingvessels; -gørð, f. ale making, brewing.

ölgørðar-maðr, m. brewer.

öl-hita,f. ale-brewing; -horn,n. alehorn,drinking-horn; -kátr,a. merrywith ale; -kelda,f. mineralwell; -ker,n. alecask; -kjóll,m. ale-cauldron; -krásir,f. ale-dainties.

öllungis, adv. altogether, quite.

öl-mál,n.pl. talkoverale,table-talk; -móðr, a. dull with drink. ölmusa,f.(1) alms,charity (gera.e-m ölmusu);(2) imbecileperson (eruþérþó ölmusur hjá mér).

ölmusu-barn,n. pauperchild; -gjarn, a. charitable; -gjöf,f. alms-giving;

-góðr,a.=-gjarn; -gœði,f. charitableness; -kona,f. poorwoman; -maðr,m. almsman; -moli,m. crumbofcharity (þurfandi -mola).

öl-mæli, n. = ölmál, öldrmál.

öln (gen. alnar,pl. alnar, alnir),f. (1) fore-arm; (2) cubit, ell. ölnboga-bót,f. thehollowofthearm; cf. ‘knésbót’.

öln-bogi, m. elbow.

öl-óðr, a. drunk (hann varð -óðr).

ölr, a. drunk (ö. ek varð).

ölr, m. alder-tree, = elrir.

öl-reifr,a.=-kátr; -rúnar,f.pl.a kindof runes; -selja,f. afemalecupbearer; -siðr,m. acustomatadrinkingparty; -skál,f. ale-cup; -stofa,f. aleroom, drinking-hall.

ölstr, n. alder-bush (?).

öl-teiti,f. cheer,merriment,over drink; -teitr,a.=-kátr; -tól,n. drinking-vessel.

öl-úð,f. sincerity,affection;takaviðemmeð-úð, togiveoneaheartyreception; veitameð-úð, togivehospitabletreatment.

ölúðar-vin, m. sincere friend.

ölvaðr, pp. worse for drink, tipsy. öl-værð,f.=ölúð(takaviðe-mmeð -værð); -værliga,adv. heartily; -værr, a. affectionate, kind. ömbun,f. paymentforservicereward, return (ef þeir mætti hafa ö. erfiðis síns).

ömbuna (að), v.toreward,makeareturn for (ö. e-m e-t).

ömbunari, m. rewarder. ömstr, m. stack, rick, = amstr. ömurligr, a. detestable, disgusting. önd, f. porch, = anddyri.

önd (gen. andar,pl. endr and andir),f. duck (funduþeirþarandir

önd Ö, Ø ør-eigð

margar; endr ok elptr).

önd (gen. andar,dat. önd and öndu; pl. andir),f.(1) breath;dragaöndina, to drawbreath;verpa,varpaöndu, todraw asigh;(2) breath,life;týnaöndu, tolose breath,die;faraöndue-s, toputtodeath; (3) soul;felaguðiö.sínaáhendi, togive over one’s soul into God’s hands.

önd- = and-, before v and u.

öndóttr, a. fiery, awful, of the eyes.

öndugi, n. the high-seat, = öndvegi.

öndurðr, a. = öndverðr.

öndurr, m. = andri.

önd-vegi, n. high-seat (sitja í -vegi).

öndvegis-höldr, -maðr,m. theman sittinginthehigh-seat (öndvegi) opposite tothelordofthehouse,theking’sfirst man; -súla, f. high-seat post or pillar.

önd-verða,f. beginning (fyrir-verðu heimsþessa); -verðliga,adv. early,at theoutset; -verðr and -urðr,a.(1) standingfacetoface (-urðirskuluernir klóast);(2) lyinginfront;í-urðri fylkingu, inthefrontofthebattalion;(3) oftime, comingfirst,earlier,former (part ofaperiod);á-verðumvetri, inthebeginningofthewinter;bæði-verðarnætr okofan-verðar, bothinthebeginningand endofthenight;af-verðu, fromthebeginning; fyrir -verðu, at the outset.

øngd, f. strait, affliction.

öng-, øng-leiki,m. straitness,narrowness; -liga, adv. in straits (-liga staddr).

øngr (acc. -van), pron. none, = engi.

öngr and øngr, a. narrow, strait.

öngull (pl. önglar), m. fish-hook.

øngva (-ða, -ðr),v. tostraiten,oppress (ø. e-m).

öngva (að), v. to press (ö. saman).

öngvar,f.pl. straits;akaóröngum, to get out of a strait.

øngving, f. distress, affliction.

öng-vit,n. fainting-fit,swoon,=úvit (fallaí-vit); -værr,a. inanguish,distressed; -þveiti,n. straits;komaí-þveiti, to get into a strait.

önn (gen. annar,pl. annir),f.(1) work,business,trouble;harinvarímikilli ö., verybusy;fáe-mö., togiveonetrouble;(2)pl.annir, workingseason,esp. the hay-makingseason (enþettavarofannir).

önn, f. for ‘önd’ = anddyri (?). önn-kostr,m.,inthephrase,fyrir -kost, intentionally,purposely;siglaskipi áskerfyrir-kost, torunashipashorepurposely.

önnugr, a. busy (ö. í e-u).

önnungr, m. labourer, toiler. önnungs-verk, n. hard work. ör (gen. -var,pl. -var),f. arrow;skjóta öru, toshootanarrow;frequentlyusedas atokensentroundtosummonameeting (skera ör, skera ör upp); cf. ‘herör’. ør-,aprefixedparticle,prop.=ór;also spelt eyr-, er- (eyrendi, erendi).

ør-bjarga, a. indecl. helpless. örð (gen. arðar), f. crop, produce. örðga or örga (að),v. toraise,lift (ö. augum);örðgastuppsemleo, toriseto one’s feet like a lion. örðigr,a.(1) erect,upright,risingon end;rísshestrinnö.undirhonum, the horserearsunderhim;(2)fig. difficult,arduous (enhittmunmérörðigraþykkjaat lútatilSelþóris);(3) harsh,hard (sumt þykkir heldr örðigt í orðum konungs).

ör-drag,n. arrow-shot,usedtoexpress distance(Sveinkimuneigiflýjaeitt -drag).

ør-eigð,f. utterpoverty,destitution; -eigi,m. indigent(destitute)person;a. indecl. destitute,poor; -eign,f.=-eigð

(öreignarinnar eldr).

ør-endi (from‘ør’and‘önd’),n.(1) breath;e-nþrýtr-endit, one’sbreathfails, onelosesbreath;Þórrþreytirádrykkjuna, semhonumvannsttil-endi, Thordrank hardwhilehisbreathlasted;(2) strophe, stanza (ofapoem);cf.‘erendi,eyrendi, eyrindi’; -endr,a. havingbreathedone’s last,dead (hónhnéífangbóndasínum ok var þá -end); cf. ‘eyrendr’.

ör-falr, m. socket of an arrow-head. ør-ferð,f. fate,doom; -firi,n., -fjara, f. an out-going, ebbing.

örga (að), v. = örðga (ö. augunum).

ør-gáti, m. cheer, fare. örglast (að),v.refl. toriseup (hann örgiaðist þegar á fœtr).

ør-grynni,n. countlessmultitude,= úgrynni; -hilpr,a. helpless; -jarta,a. indecl. outofheart,havinglostheart; -hóf, -hœfi, n. = -óf, -œfi.

örk (gen. arkar and erkr,pl. arkir), f.(1) ark,chest (gengrVigdísinnoktil erkr þeirar, er Þ. átti); (2) coffin.

örku-fótr, m. the foot of a chest.

ørkn, n. a kind of seal.

ør-kola,a.indecl. burntout;fig.,verðr -kolafyrirmörgum, manyareattheendof theirresources; -kosta,f. goodfare,provisions; -kostr,m.(1) resource,means; (2) abundance (-kostrhvera); -kuml, -kumbl,n. lastingscar,bodilyblemish, maiming,mutilation (lifavið-kuml); -kumla (að),v. tomaim,mutilate;-kumlaðr maðr, a maimed invalid.

ørkumla-lauss,a. unmaimed,unblemished;sámaðrféllokvarðaldri-lauss meðanhannlifði, hewaseverafteracripplesolongashelived; -maðr,m.= ørkumlaðr maðr.

ør-kunnast (að),v.refl. todegenerate;

-kymsl,n. maim =-kuml; -kynja,a.indecl. degenerate; -kynjast (að),v. todegenerate (-kynjazthefirþúokafspringi föður þíns með þér).

ørlags-þráðr, m. thread of life.

ör-látr,a. open-handed; -leikr,m. liberality, munificence.

ør-lendast, -lendis, -lendr,a.,see ‘erlendast’, &c.

ör-liga,adv. largely,abundantly; -ligr,a. abundant (-ligrávöxtr); -lyndi, f. bountifulmind; -lyndr,a.(1) bountiful, liberal,free-handed;(2) impetuous,headstrong; -læti,n. liberality,charitableness.

ør-lygi,n. fight,war; -lög,n.pl. fate, doom,fortunes (segjafyrir,sjáfyrir,-lög manna);þaterlikast,atliðinsémin-lög, thatmylife-timeisatanend;efnornir ráða-lögummanna, iftheNormsruleover the fortunes of men.

ørlög-lauss,a. futureless,withfortune stillundecided; -símu,n.pl., -þættir, m.pl. threads,strandsoffate (snøruaf afli -þáttu).

ör-malr, m. arrow-case, quiver. ör-málugr, a. hasty of speech. ør-mul,n.pl. remnants,traces (engi -mul fundust af Háreki).

ör-mælir, m. quiver, = örva-mælir.

örn (gen. arnar,pl. ernir,acc. örnu),m. eagle (gunniatheyjaokglaðaörnu).

ørna, gen. pl.; see ‘erendi’.

ør-nafn, -nefni,n. localname (hann skyldi af hans nafni ørnefni gefa).

ör-oðr,a. hastyofspeech,frank,outspoken, = örmálugr.

ør-óf,n. immensity (-ófmannaokvápna);-ófivetraáðrværijörðofsköpuð, wintersunnumberedereearthwasfashioned.

ørr, n. scar (hann hafði ø. í andliti).

örr (acc. örvan),a.(1) swift,ready; neut.,ört, fast;ísinnraksváört,at, the icedriftedsofast,that;(2) liberal,openhanded (allramannaörvastr);neut.,ört, fully,quite;eigiörthálfrfjórðitugrmanna, notquitethirty-fivemen;(3) active, energetic.

ørróttr,a. scarred,coveredwithscars (hendr ørróttar).

ør-sauði,a. sheepless,=sauðlauss; -sekr,a. ‘clearofguilt’,free; -skamma, a.indecl. shameless,unblushing; -skemd, f. agreatshame,disgrace; -skemmiliga, adv. shamelessly, unblushingly.

ørskipta-maðr,m. aneccentric,overbearing person.

ør-skipti,n.pl. eccentricity,strangeaffairs;segjafránökkurskonar-skiptum, to relate strange things.

ör-skot, n. arrow-shot, = -drag.

örskots-helgr,f. asylumorsanctuary withinarrow-shot; -lengd,f. rangeofan arrow.

ör-skreiðr,a. swift-gliding,ofaship (skipin vóru örskreið).

ør-taka,a.indecl. losingone’sgrasp; verða -taka, to lose hold.

ørtog,f. anoldNorseweight,= athird part of an ounce (eyrir).

ør-ugga (að),v. tocomfort;-uggasik, to cheer one’s heart, take heart.

ørugg-leikr,m.(1) security,confidence;(2) fearlessness; -liga,adv. unfailingly, without fear, boldly.

ør-uggr,a.(1) outofdanger,safe,secure;(2) fearless,undaunted (-uggrí framgöngu);(3) resolved (þeirvóru-uggir íþvíatfirrastNóregsemmest);(4) trusty,tobereliedon (gefiðeignirþeim, semyöreru-uggir);ofthings, safe (-uggr

íss, -uggt fylgsni).

örva (að), v. to incite.

örva-drif,n., -drifa,f, showerofarrows; -flug,n. flightofarrows; -malr, -melr, -mælir, m. quiver.

örvar-boð,n. amessageorsummonsby anarrow; -drag,n.=ördrag; -oðr,m. arrow-point,arrow-head; -skapt,n. shaft ofanarrow; -skot,n.=örskot; -skurðr, m. despatchinganarrow-message; -þing, n. anassemblysummonedbymeansofan arrow-message.

ør-vasi,a. decrepit,wornout (gamall okallnær-vasiataldri);á-vasaaldri, in one’s old age.

ørvendr, a. left-handed (ø. maðr).

ør-verpi, n. decrepitude (?).

ør-vilnan,f. despair,despondency; -vilnast (að),v.refl. todespair (-vilnast e-s); -viti,a. outofone’ssenses,frantic, mad;banvænnoknær-viti, sinkingfast andwell-nighsenseless; -vinan,f. vinegar; -væna,f. anythingbeyondhope;mér erSveinsáengristundu-væna, ImayexpectS.atanytime; -væni,n. ‘ non-expectation’;vissiengihansnáttstað,okengi hans-væni, nobodyknewwhenhemight notbeexpected,noonefellsafefromhim; -vænliga,adv. feignedly;láta-vænliga, tofeign,makebelieve; -vænn,a. beyond expectation,pasthope;fyrirhannvareinskis-vænt, anythingmightbeexpected fromhim;eigier-vænt,at, itisnotunlikely,itistobelookedfor,that (eigier -vænt,atskjóttsteypisthansriki); -vænta (-nta, -nt),v. todespair,withgen.; einskisills-væntiekfyriryðr, thereis nowickedthingthatmaynotbeexpected fromyou;-væntasére-s, todespairof;refl.,-væntaste-s=-væntasére-s; -væntan,f. despair,hopelessness; -vætta,v.=

-vænta (Danir ørvæntu sér sigrs).

ørþrif-ráða,a.indecl. destituteofexpedients,atalosswhattodo (Vagnverðr eigi -ráða).

ørþrifs-ráði, a. = ørþrifráða.

ør-œfi,n. anopen,harbourlesscoastland (fyrir hafnleysis sakir ok -œfis).

öskra (að), v. to roar, bellow.

öskran, f. roaring, bellowing.

öskran-ligr,a. horrible,=öskur-ligr (óp mikit ok -ligt).

ösku-,gen.from‘aska’; -bakaðr,pp. bakedinashes; -dagr,m. AshWednesday; -dreifðr,pp. besprinkledwithashes; -dyngja,f. heapofashes; -fall,n. fallofashes (fromavolcano); -fölr,a. ash-pale,paleasashes; -haugr,m.= -dyngja; -óðins-dagr, m. = -dagr.

öskur-liga,adv. horribly,hideously (œpa-liga); -ligr,a. hideous,terrible (belja -ligri röðu).

ösla (að)v. towadeorsplash (hónöslar aptr til meginlands).

ösnu-ligr,a. likeashe-ass;-ligrkvernsteinn, theuppermill-stone (molaasinaria).

ösp (gen. aspar,pl. aspir),f. aspentree (einstœð sem ö. í holti).

ötu-fœrr, a. able to fight, of a horse.

øx (gen. øxar, exar,dat.andacc. øxi, exi,pl. øxar, exar),f. axe (hannhafðií hendi øxi mikla).

øxa (að),v. tocutorshapewithanaxe (ø. kirkjuvið).

øxar-egg,f. edgeofanaxe; -hamarr, m. back of an axe. øxarhamars-högg,n. ablowwiththe back of an axe.

øxar-hyrna,f. thehookedpointofan axe-blade; -skapt,n. handleofanaxe; -tálga,f. cuttingwithanaxe (hvárki hamarshögg né -tálga).

øxa-tré,n. abeamonthehouse-wallfor hanging up axes.

öxl (gen. axlar,pl. axlir),f.(1) shoulder-joint,shoulder (hendrblóðgar upptilaxla);hannhafðiøxiumöxl, he carriedanaxeoverhisshoulder;sat Þorkelluppviðö., TH.sathalfup,leaningonhisarm;lítaumö., tolookover one’sshoulder;(2)fig. theshoulderofa mountain (enerþeirkömuinnfyriröxlina); (3) axel = öxull.

øxn, m. pl., see ‘oxi’.

öxull,m. axle (himinnsýnistumþær veltast sem hvel um öxul).

öxul-tré, n. axle-tree.