Yelahanka, Stories of People and places

Yelahanka

Stories of People and places Flora Brochier

Masters Thesis Transcultural Design India 2013 - 2015 L’École de Design Nantes Atlantique - Nantes, France Srishti School of Art, Design and Technology - Bangalore, India ©2015 Flora Brochier

Masters Thesis Transcultural Design India 2013 - 2015 L’École de Design Nantes Atlantique - Nantes, France Srishti School of Art, Design and Technology - Bangalore, India ©2015 Flora Brochier

Thank you To Krupa Rajangam, Architect specialised in Heritage Conservation, for her help and support.

To Sabina Von Kessel and Kshitiz Anand, the teaching staff of the Transcultural Design Master.

To Vivek Muthuramalingam, Jean Baptiste Haag and Shail Suneja, for their help of translation and correction.

To Marianne, Charlotte, Alban and Enora for their support.

To the inhabitants of Yelahanka, for answering my questions and sharing their stories with me.

Thank you To Krupa Rajangam, Architect specialised in Heritage Conservation, for her help and support.

To Sabina Von Kessel and Kshitiz Anand, the teaching staff of the Transcultural Design Master.

To Vivek Muthuramalingam, Jean Baptiste Haag and Shail Suneja, for their help of translation and correction.

To Marianne, Charlotte, Alban and Enora for their support.

To the inhabitants of Yelahanka, for answering my questions and sharing their stories with me.

Table of Content Abstract

8

Introduction

10

A brief history of Karnataka

12

Karnataka Yelahanka and Bengaluru

The Multiple identities of cities

66

Yelahanka The old charm of a village The different areas

Inhabitants of Yelahanka

114

The actual population of Yelahanka The modification saw by inhabitants

Conclusion

142

Bibliography

144

Table of Content Abstract

8

Introduction

10

A brief history of Karnataka

12

Karnataka Yelahanka and Bengaluru

The Multiple identities of cities

66

Yelahanka The old charm of a village The different areas

Inhabitants of Yelahanka

114

The actual population of Yelahanka The modification saw by inhabitants

Conclusion

142

Bibliography

144

Abstract

Yelahanka is a suburb of Bengaluru in the Indian state of Karnataka.

During my Master of Transcultural Design at Srishti School of Art Design and Technology in Bengaluru, India, I chose to live in Yelahanka, where the school is located. From the time I landed in Yelahanka over a year ago, so much has changed and happened.

Everything goes so fast, nothing stays still. People are constantly coming and going. At the beginning I wanted to know more about the place where I live, the history of Yelahanka and the foundation of which it was built on. After some research, I found that this place was the bottom line of Bengaluru’s historical culture.

wanted to create a link between the inhabitants and the place; a link that will make people proud of Yelahanka, and proud of living there.

“It is the inhabitants who make a place, a place.

Through the symbols, stories, metaphors and images which people hold. This describe the power of place.”

Michael Jones, Recovering the Soul of Place: Reflections on Place-Based Leadership

8

When you ask local inhabitants about Yelahanka, their response about the place is always the same: “It is the place where Kempe Gowda (the founder of Bengaluru) came from”. Apart from this, the locals do not know much more about the place and its history. Although so close to Bengaluru, Yelahanka still remains unknown to many people from the city.

0

All Yelahanka’s citizen create a melting pot which gives the character, personality of Yelahanka. This, combined with its different facets (history, economy, culture...) are the identities of the city.

I wanted to share what I have learnt about Yelahanka, which is why I choose to work on Yelahanka and its multiple identities.

I have defined three main research areas: 1-The history of Karnataka and the foundation of Yelahanka 2-The multiple identities of cities and Yelahanka 3-The inhabitants of Yelahanka I conducted interviews during my research with architects, historians, inhabitants. I also read many books, articles and essays as well as I traveled all around Yelahanka.

Primary and secondary researches helped me understand that knowledge about Yelahanka could deepen people’s relationship with the place. Thus I

9 0

Abstract

Yelahanka is a suburb of Bengaluru in the Indian state of Karnataka.

During my Master of Transcultural Design at Srishti School of Art Design and Technology in Bengaluru, India, I chose to live in Yelahanka, where the school is located. From the time I landed in Yelahanka over a year ago, so much has changed and happened.

Everything goes so fast, nothing stays still. People are constantly coming and going. At the beginning I wanted to know more about the place where I live, the history of Yelahanka and the foundation of which it was built on. After some research, I found that this place was the bottom line of Bengaluru’s historical culture.

wanted to create a link between the inhabitants and the place; a link that will make people proud of Yelahanka, and proud of living there.

“It is the inhabitants who make a place, a place.

Through the symbols, stories, metaphors and images which people hold. This describe the power of place.”

Michael Jones, Recovering the Soul of Place: Reflections on Place-Based Leadership

8

When you ask local inhabitants about Yelahanka, their response about the place is always the same: “It is the place where Kempe Gowda (the founder of Bengaluru) came from”. Apart from this, the locals do not know much more about the place and its history. Although so close to Bengaluru, Yelahanka still remains unknown to many people from the city.

0

All Yelahanka’s citizen create a melting pot which gives the character, personality of Yelahanka. This, combined with its different facets (history, economy, culture...) are the identities of the city.

I wanted to share what I have learnt about Yelahanka, which is why I choose to work on Yelahanka and its multiple identities.

I have defined three main research areas: 1-The history of Karnataka and the foundation of Yelahanka 2-The multiple identities of cities and Yelahanka 3-The inhabitants of Yelahanka I conducted interviews during my research with architects, historians, inhabitants. I also read many books, articles and essays as well as I traveled all around Yelahanka.

Primary and secondary researches helped me understand that knowledge about Yelahanka could deepen people’s relationship with the place. Thus I

9 0

Introduction When we think about cities like Bengaluru, Paris, New York or Shanghai, some images and feelings come into our mind. All these places conjure different ideas (foods, smells, structures, languages), which are representative of them.

10 0

The main idea of this thesis is to look at the multiple identities of Yelahanka, including its heritage, resources and inhabitants. In fact, many testimonies from the past are still existing, and it is essential to focus on and promote them.

One day, I was walking into Yelahanka Old Town, where a new temple for Hanuman had just been built. I have been very surprised because not so long ago there was a much older one -more than 500 years old- at the very same place. People destroyed it to rebuild a new one. I asked them why they were doing this. They told me that, they did not like old temples, a new one is always better.

A lot of different projects about place and identity already exist. When one looks at an identity, like that of Pune, it is not easy to understand every facet about this place. Other projects like photography events remain elitists. Most of the existing projects possess the same problems; elitists, an information difficult to understand, or a lack of communication between people and designers.

In this thesis I will start with the history of Karnataka and foundation of Yelahanka, followed by the multiple identities of cities and Yelahanka and finishing it by understanding the inhabitants of this place, to investigate Yelahanka.

11 0

Introduction When we think about cities like Bengaluru, Paris, New York or Shanghai, some images and feelings come into our mind. All these places conjure different ideas (foods, smells, structures, languages), which are representative of them.

10 0

The main idea of this thesis is to look at the multiple identities of Yelahanka, including its heritage, resources and inhabitants. In fact, many testimonies from the past are still existing, and it is essential to focus on and promote them.

One day, I was walking into Yelahanka Old Town, where a new temple for Hanuman had just been built. I have been very surprised because not so long ago there was a much older one -more than 500 years old- at the very same place. People destroyed it to rebuild a new one. I asked them why they were doing this. They told me that, they did not like old temples, a new one is always better.

A lot of different projects about place and identity already exist. When one looks at an identity, like that of Pune, it is not easy to understand every facet about this place. Other projects like photography events remain elitists. Most of the existing projects possess the same problems; elitists, an information difficult to understand, or a lack of communication between people and designers.

In this thesis I will start with the history of Karnataka and foundation of Yelahanka, followed by the multiple identities of cities and Yelahanka and finishing it by understanding the inhabitants of this place, to investigate Yelahanka.

11 0

A brief history of Karnataka Yelahanka is a suburb of the city of Bengaluru (State of Karnataka). It is interesting not only to look at the brief history of the State of Karnataka, the different dynasties who ruled the vicinity, what they have brought, but also the foundation of Yelahanka; to understand this context.

A brief history of Karnataka Yelahanka is a suburb of the city of Bengaluru (State of Karnataka). It is interesting not only to look at the brief history of the State of Karnataka, the different dynasties who ruled the vicinity, what they have brought, but also the foundation of Yelahanka; to understand this context.

KARNATAKA Map of Karnataka

New Delhi

14

15

1

1

Bengaluru

Figure 1; Karnataka map

KARNATAKA Map of Karnataka

New Delhi

14

15

1

1

Bengaluru

Figure 1; Karnataka map

Karnataka One of the two great epics of Hinduism.

Kadamba 350 / 550

According to legends, ancient Karnataka is associated with the beginning in the Ramayana.

It was linked with Lord Shiva, god in the Hinduism religion, and the kingdom of grandfathers of Bhagirath.

Badami Chalukya 543 / 756

Rashtrakuta

Bhagirath was a great king personified as the river goddess Ganga.

753 / 997

The recorded history of Karnataka goes back to more than two millennia. Karnataka was ruled by significant dynasties and empires. They have contributed greatly to the historical culture and development of Karnataka.

Figure 2 presents a timeline of empires that ruled the actual area of Bengaluru.

Western Chalukya 997 / 1189

Hoysalas 1026 / 1343

Vijayanagar Empire 1336 / 1646

Wadiyar 1399 / 1747

Tipu Sultan 1766 / 1799

16

British

1

1799 / 1950

Karnataka 1950 / Now

Figure 2; The different Kingdoms who ruled the present area of Yelahanka

Lord Shiva

17 1

Karnataka One of the two great epics of Hinduism.

Kadamba 350 / 550

According to legends, ancient Karnataka is associated with the beginning in the Ramayana.

It was linked with Lord Shiva, god in the Hinduism religion, and the kingdom of grandfathers of Bhagirath.

Badami Chalukya 543 / 756

Rashtrakuta

Bhagirath was a great king personified as the river goddess Ganga.

753 / 997

The recorded history of Karnataka goes back to more than two millennia. Karnataka was ruled by significant dynasties and empires. They have contributed greatly to the historical culture and development of Karnataka.

Figure 2 presents a timeline of empires that ruled the actual area of Bengaluru.

Western Chalukya 997 / 1189

Hoysalas 1026 / 1343

Vijayanagar Empire 1336 / 1646

Wadiyar 1399 / 1747

Tipu Sultan 1766 / 1799

16

British

1

1799 / 1950

Karnataka 1950 / Now

Figure 2; The different Kingdoms who ruled the present area of Yelahanka

Lord Shiva

17 1

Kadamba

Mayurasharma 345 / 365

Varman is a surname meaning shield

Kadamba dynasty enjoyed independent power in western Mysuru from 350 to 550 . “The Kadamba were of Brahmin descent, the first ruler Mayurasharman was a Brahmin student in Kanchi, the Pallava capital, through his soldiery demeanor he came to be known as Mayuravarman.

Traditionally the family got its name from a kadamba tree which grew near its house.”

Kangavarma 365 / 390

Bagitarha 390 / 415

Raghu 415 / 435

Chitra Sridhar, A concise history

Kakusthavarma

of india upto the

435 / 455

modern area

Santivarma 455 / 460

Mrigeshavarma 460 / 480

Shivamandhativarma 480 / 485

18

Ravivarma

1

485 / 519

Harivarma 519 / 525

Figure 4; Kadamba Empire

Bengaluru

Figure 3; Kadamba Empire Map

19 1

Kadamba

Mayurasharma 345 / 365

Varman is a surname meaning shield

Kadamba dynasty enjoyed independent power in western Mysuru from 350 to 550 . “The Kadamba were of Brahmin descent, the first ruler Mayurasharman was a Brahmin student in Kanchi, the Pallava capital, through his soldiery demeanor he came to be known as Mayuravarman.

Traditionally the family got its name from a kadamba tree which grew near its house.”

Kangavarma 365 / 390

Bagitarha 390 / 415

Raghu 415 / 435

Chitra Sridhar, A concise history

Kakusthavarma

of india upto the

435 / 455

modern area

Santivarma 455 / 460

Mrigeshavarma 460 / 480

Shivamandhativarma 480 / 485

18

Ravivarma

1

485 / 519

Harivarma 519 / 525

Figure 4; Kadamba Empire

Bengaluru

Figure 3; Kadamba Empire Map

19 1

Badami Chalukya

Pulakesi I 543 / 566

The Chalukya dynasty ruled, from 543 to 756, a large portion of southern and central India. It is thanks to the decline of the Kadamba dynasty that the Chalukya arrived to power.

Kirtivarman I 566 / 597

Mangaleas 597 / 609

Pulakesi I 609 / 643

Vikramaditya I 655 / 680

Vinayaditya 680 / 696

Vijayaditya 696 / 733

Vikramaditya II 733 / 746

20

Kirtivarman II

1

746 / 753

Figure 6; Badami Chalukya Empire

Bengaluru Figure 5; Badami Chalukya Empire Map

21 1

Badami Chalukya

Pulakesi I 543 / 566

The Chalukya dynasty ruled, from 543 to 756, a large portion of southern and central India. It is thanks to the decline of the Kadamba dynasty that the Chalukya arrived to power.

Kirtivarman I 566 / 597

Mangaleas 597 / 609

Pulakesi I 609 / 643

Vikramaditya I 655 / 680

Vinayaditya 680 / 696

Vijayaditya 696 / 733

Vikramaditya II 733 / 746

20

Kirtivarman II

1

746 / 753

Figure 6; Badami Chalukya Empire

Bengaluru Figure 5; Badami Chalukya Empire Map

21 1

Rashtrakuta

Dantidurga 735 / 756

The Rashtrakuta ruled from 753 to 997. Rashtrakuta was a vassal of the Badami Chalukyas. They took power during the reign of Dantidurga. They are known as the founders of the Kannada language.

Krishna I 756 / 774

Govinda II 774 / 780

Dhurva Dharavarsha 780 / 793

Govinda III 793 / 814

Amoghavarsha I 814 / 878

Krishna II 878 / 914

Indra III 914 / 929

22

Amoghavarsha II

1

929 / 930

Govinda IV 930 / 936

Amoghavarsha III 936 / 939

Krishna III 939 / 967

Khottiga Amoghavarsha 967 / 972

Karka II 972 / 973

Indra IV 973 / 982

Figure 8; Rashtrakuta Empire

Bengaluru

Figure 7; Rashtrakuta Empire Map

23 1

Rashtrakuta

Dantidurga 735 / 756

The Rashtrakuta ruled from 753 to 997. Rashtrakuta was a vassal of the Badami Chalukyas. They took power during the reign of Dantidurga. They are known as the founders of the Kannada language.

Krishna I 756 / 774

Govinda II 774 / 780

Dhurva Dharavarsha 780 / 793

Govinda III 793 / 814

Amoghavarsha I 814 / 878

Krishna II 878 / 914

Indra III 914 / 929

22

Amoghavarsha II

1

929 / 930

Govinda IV 930 / 936

Amoghavarsha III 936 / 939

Krishna III 939 / 967

Khottiga Amoghavarsha 967 / 972

Karka II 972 / 973

Indra IV 973 / 982

Figure 8; Rashtrakuta Empire

Bengaluru

Figure 7; Rashtrakuta Empire Map

23 1

Western Chalukya

Tailapa II 957 / 997

The Western Chalukya Empire ruled most of the south of India from 997 until 1189.

It is after a successful invasion on the Rashtrakuta Empire that the western Chalukya came to control most of the Deccan area.

Satyasraya 997 / 1008

Vikramaditya V 1008 / 1015

The Deccan Plateau is a large area in the

Jayasimha II

south part of India.

1015 / 1042

Somesvara I 1042 / 1068

Somesvara II 1076 / 1126

Vikramaditya VI 1076 / 1126

Somesvara III 1126 / 1138

24

Jagadhekamalla II

1

1138 / 1151

Tailapa III 1151 / 1164

Jagadhekamalla III 1164 / 1183

Somesvara IV 1184 / 1200

Figure 10; Chalukya Empire

Bengaluru

Figure 9; Chalukya Empire Map

25 1

Western Chalukya

Tailapa II 957 / 997

The Western Chalukya Empire ruled most of the south of India from 997 until 1189.

It is after a successful invasion on the Rashtrakuta Empire that the western Chalukya came to control most of the Deccan area.

Satyasraya 997 / 1008

Vikramaditya V 1008 / 1015

The Deccan Plateau is a large area in the

Jayasimha II

south part of India.

1015 / 1042

Somesvara I 1042 / 1068

Somesvara II 1076 / 1126

Vikramaditya VI 1076 / 1126

Somesvara III 1126 / 1138

24

Jagadhekamalla II

1

1138 / 1151

Tailapa III 1151 / 1164

Jagadhekamalla III 1164 / 1183

Somesvara IV 1184 / 1200

Figure 10; Chalukya Empire

Bengaluru

Figure 9; Chalukya Empire Map

25 1

Hoysalas Empire

26 1

Nripa Kama II

The Hoysala or Poysala kings of the Mysuru territory were descendents of a petty chieftain in an elevated region of Karnataka. The founder was Sala or Nripakama, who visited the temple of Vassanthikedsai at Sosevuru with his guru Suddattacharya. The story says that a tiger appeared and the Guru called out and said ‘Poysala’ meaning “strike Sala”. Sala killed the tiger single-handedly and the term Hoysala was adopted, along with the establishment of the dynasty. Sala killing the tiger became the emblem of the dynasty.

The Hoysalas ruled from 1026 to 1343, with their capital initially located at Belur, and they later moved to Halebidu. The Hoysalas did not become fully independent until about 1190.

During the 12th century they ruled over areas of the actual Karnataka and some part of Tamil Nadu by taking advantage of a family war between the western Chalukyas and Kalachuri kingdoms. By the 13th century, they also governed parts of the actual Andhra Pradesh.

The major religion was Jainism and Hinduism.

Over the Hoysala Empire an important development of art, architecture and religion took place in the south of India. This empire is today remembered for its temples’ architecture, but also for its literature in Kannada and Sanskrit.

1026 / 1047

Hoysala Vinayaditya 1046 / 1098

Ereyanga 1098 / 1102

Veera Ballala I 1102 / 1108

Vihnuvardhana 1108 / 1152

Narasimha I 1152 / 1173

Veera Ballala II 1173 / 1220

Vira Narasimha II 1220 / 1235

Vira Someshwara 1235 / 1254

Narasimha II 1254 / 1291

Veera Ballala III 1292 / 1342

Figure 12; Hoysalas Empire

Bengaluru

Figure 11; Hoysalas Empire Map

27 1

Hoysalas Empire

26 1

Nripa Kama II

The Hoysala or Poysala kings of the Mysuru territory were descendents of a petty chieftain in an elevated region of Karnataka. The founder was Sala or Nripakama, who visited the temple of Vassanthikedsai at Sosevuru with his guru Suddattacharya. The story says that a tiger appeared and the Guru called out and said ‘Poysala’ meaning “strike Sala”. Sala killed the tiger single-handedly and the term Hoysala was adopted, along with the establishment of the dynasty. Sala killing the tiger became the emblem of the dynasty.

The Hoysalas ruled from 1026 to 1343, with their capital initially located at Belur, and they later moved to Halebidu. The Hoysalas did not become fully independent until about 1190.

During the 12th century they ruled over areas of the actual Karnataka and some part of Tamil Nadu by taking advantage of a family war between the western Chalukyas and Kalachuri kingdoms. By the 13th century, they also governed parts of the actual Andhra Pradesh.

The major religion was Jainism and Hinduism.

Over the Hoysala Empire an important development of art, architecture and religion took place in the south of India. This empire is today remembered for its temples’ architecture, but also for its literature in Kannada and Sanskrit.

1026 / 1047

Hoysala Vinayaditya 1046 / 1098

Ereyanga 1098 / 1102

Veera Ballala I 1102 / 1108

Vihnuvardhana 1108 / 1152

Narasimha I 1152 / 1173

Veera Ballala II 1173 / 1220

Vira Narasimha II 1220 / 1235

Vira Someshwara 1235 / 1254

Narasimha II 1254 / 1291

Veera Ballala III 1292 / 1342

Figure 12; Hoysalas Empire

Bengaluru

Figure 11; Hoysalas Empire Map

27 1

Sangama

Vijayanagar Empire

First dynasty of the Vijayanagara empire

City of Telangana state in India.

Chitra Sridhar, A concise history of India upto the modern area

28 1

Five dynasties, who ruled late medieval kingdoms in southwestern India.

“The Vijayanagar kingdom was founded by the five sons of Sangama, Harithara, Bukka, Kampana, Marapa and Mirdappa.

Harithara and Bukka were subordinate officers of Pratap Rudra, king of Warangal. When Warangal was attacked and looted

by Mohammed Bin Tughlaq, Hakka and Bukka fled to the court of king Kampilaraya. When the Kampila king, from the state of Uttar Pradesh, was defeated by Tughlaq, these brothers became captive. They were made the Governors of the southern provinces belonging to the sultan.

They later met the Hindu saint Vidhyaranya under whose guidance they established the Vijayanagar empire in 1336. The brothers were in a position to claim control over the whole country between the Eastern and Western oceans.

Harihara established order within the kingdom and organized it into a new subdivision of villages and sthala, each under a Karnam. The Karnams were normally Brahmins.

Harihara Raya I He encouraged agriculture with easy terms for the cultivators. Bukka who had been the governor of the western Telugu district was increasingly associated with his brother and was associated till the death of his brother until 1377. Most of his life was spent in waging war against the Bahamani kings notable Mohammed Shah (1358-1377).”

The Vijayanagara Empire was based in the Deccan area. Four different dynasties governed the Vijayanagara Empire, the Sangama, the Saluva, the Tuluva and the Aravidu dynasty. They named this empire after its capital city of Vijayanagara (present Hampi). The Vijayanagara Empire is famous for its architecture, literature and art. The best Sanskrit works were composed by Sayana who was a minister of Hari Hara II. This Empire fell in 1646 due to a major military defeat by the Deccan sultanates.

1336 / 1356

Bukka Raya I 1356 / 1377

Harihara Raya II 1377 / 1404

Tuluva

Virupaksha Raya

Tuluva Narasa Nayaka

1404 / 1405

1491 / 1503

Bukka Raya II

Vira Narasimha Raya

1405 / 1406

1503 / 1509

Deva Raya I

Krishna Deva Raya

1406 / 1422

1509 / 1529

Ramachandra Raya

Achyuta Deva Raya

1422

1529 / 1542

Vira Vijaya Bukka Raya

Venkata I

1422 / 1424

1542

Deva Raya II

Sadasiva Raya

1424 / 1446

1542 / 1570

Mallikarjuna Raya 1446 / 1465

Aravidu

Virupaksha Raya II

Aliya Rama Raya

1465 / 1485

1542 / 1565

Praudha Raya

Tirumala Deva Raya

1485

1565 / 1572

Saluva

1572 / 1586

Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya

Venkata II

1485 / 1491

1586 / 1614

Thimma Bhupala

Sriranga II

1491

1614

Narasimha Raya II

Rama Deva Raya

1491 / 1505

1617 / 1632

Sriranga I

Venkata III

Bengaluru

Figure 14; Vijayanagar Empire

1632 / 1642

Sriranga III 1642 / 1646

Figure 13; Vijayanagar Empire Map

29 1

Sangama

Vijayanagar Empire

First dynasty of the Vijayanagara empire

City of Telangana state in India.

Chitra Sridhar, A concise history of India upto the modern area

28 1

Five dynasties, who ruled late medieval kingdoms in southwestern India.

“The Vijayanagar kingdom was founded by the five sons of Sangama, Harithara, Bukka, Kampana, Marapa and Mirdappa.

Harithara and Bukka were subordinate officers of Pratap Rudra, king of Warangal. When Warangal was attacked and looted

by Mohammed Bin Tughlaq, Hakka and Bukka fled to the court of king Kampilaraya. When the Kampila king, from the state of Uttar Pradesh, was defeated by Tughlaq, these brothers became captive. They were made the Governors of the southern provinces belonging to the sultan.

They later met the Hindu saint Vidhyaranya under whose guidance they established the Vijayanagar empire in 1336. The brothers were in a position to claim control over the whole country between the Eastern and Western oceans.

Harihara established order within the kingdom and organized it into a new subdivision of villages and sthala, each under a Karnam. The Karnams were normally Brahmins.

Harihara Raya I He encouraged agriculture with easy terms for the cultivators. Bukka who had been the governor of the western Telugu district was increasingly associated with his brother and was associated till the death of his brother until 1377. Most of his life was spent in waging war against the Bahamani kings notable Mohammed Shah (1358-1377).”

The Vijayanagara Empire was based in the Deccan area. Four different dynasties governed the Vijayanagara Empire, the Sangama, the Saluva, the Tuluva and the Aravidu dynasty. They named this empire after its capital city of Vijayanagara (present Hampi). The Vijayanagara Empire is famous for its architecture, literature and art. The best Sanskrit works were composed by Sayana who was a minister of Hari Hara II. This Empire fell in 1646 due to a major military defeat by the Deccan sultanates.

1336 / 1356

Bukka Raya I 1356 / 1377

Harihara Raya II 1377 / 1404

Tuluva

Virupaksha Raya

Tuluva Narasa Nayaka

1404 / 1405

1491 / 1503

Bukka Raya II

Vira Narasimha Raya

1405 / 1406

1503 / 1509

Deva Raya I

Krishna Deva Raya

1406 / 1422

1509 / 1529

Ramachandra Raya

Achyuta Deva Raya

1422

1529 / 1542

Vira Vijaya Bukka Raya

Venkata I

1422 / 1424

1542

Deva Raya II

Sadasiva Raya

1424 / 1446

1542 / 1570

Mallikarjuna Raya 1446 / 1465

Aravidu

Virupaksha Raya II

Aliya Rama Raya

1465 / 1485

1542 / 1565

Praudha Raya

Tirumala Deva Raya

1485

1565 / 1572

Saluva

1572 / 1586

Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya

Venkata II

1485 / 1491

1586 / 1614

Thimma Bhupala

Sriranga II

1491

1614

Narasimha Raya II

Rama Deva Raya

1491 / 1505

1617 / 1632

Sriranga I

Venkata III

Bengaluru

Figure 14; Vijayanagar Empire

1632 / 1642

Sriranga III 1642 / 1646

Figure 13; Vijayanagar Empire Map

29 1

30

31

1

1

Vijayanagar ruin, Hampi, Karnataka; picture by Flora Brochier

Vijayanagar ruin, Hampi, Karnataka; picture by Flora Brochier

30

31

1

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Vijayanagar ruin, Hampi, Karnataka; picture by Flora Brochier

Vijayanagar ruin, Hampi, Karnataka; picture by Flora Brochier

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Vijayanagar ruin, Hampi, Karnataka; picture by Flora Brochier

Vijayanagar ruin, Darbar Enclosure, Hampi, Karnataka; picture by Flora Brochier

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Vijayanagar ruin, Hampi, Karnataka; picture by Flora Brochier

Vijayanagar ruin, Darbar Enclosure, Hampi, Karnataka; picture by Flora Brochier

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Vijayanagar ruin, Lotus Mahal, Hampi, Karnataka; picture by Flora Brochierv

Vijayanagar ruin, Virupaksha Temple, Hampi, Karnataka; picture by Flora Brochier

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Vijayanagar ruin, Lotus Mahal, Hampi, Karnataka; picture by Flora Brochierv

Vijayanagar ruin, Virupaksha Temple, Hampi, Karnataka; picture by Flora Brochier

The Wadiyar dynasty Timmaraja Wodeyar II

The Wadiyar, dynasty lasted from about 1399 to 1747 AD. The kingdom remained small during its early days, while it was part of the Vijayanagar Empire. In 1565, after the fall of the Vijayanagar Empire, the kingdom became independent and remained so until 1799.

1553 / 1572

Chamaraja Wodeyar IV 1572 / 1576

Chamaraja Wodeyar V “The Wadiyar, or Wodeyars, dynasty of Mysuru was founded in 1399 by two brothers of royal blood, namely Vijaya and Krishna. Later they were called Yaduraya and Krishnaraya. They were the descendents of the Yadava family of Dwaraka, Gujarat, north west India, who migrated to the south and arrived at a small state named Hadinad, near Mysuru. At that time the king of Hadinad, Chamaraja, died without a male heir.

Maranaya -a neighbouring king- troubled the widow queen for the hand of princess Chikkadevarasi. The two Yadava princes of Dwaraka came to the rescue of the family, fought with Maranayaka and killed him and safeguarded the honour of the Wodeyar’s royal family.

The princess who became the heir to the throne married Yaduraya, who assumed the title of Wodeyar.

Raja Wodeyar (1578-1617) established the state of Mysuru.

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1576 / 1578

Raja Wodeyar I 1578 / 1617

Chamaraja Wodeyar VI 1617 / 1637

Raja Wodeyar II 1637 / 1638

Narasaraja Wodeyar I 1638 / 1659

Dodda Devaraja Wodeyar

37

1659 / 1673

1

Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar 1673 / 1704

Narasaraja Wodeyar II 1704 / 1714

The rulers, who followed the king, were weak and inefficient and much of the power passed into the hands of the Dalavayis, the ministers.

Krishnaraja Wodeyar I 1714 / 1734

Chamaraja Wodeyar VII

Khas means Royal in

1732 / 1734

Delavai Nanjarajah became the powerful controller of the state with Khas Chamaraja as the king. The Wodeyars retreated to the background.

Krishnaraja Wodeyar II 1734 / 1766

Urdu language.

From Persian, military commander.

Chitra Sridhar,

In 1749, Hyder Ali entered as a soldier in the Mysuru army and rose up as a faujdar of Dindigal by his victorious ensnaring of Devanahalli. In due course, Hyder Ali rose like a meteor and in 1766 he seized the power from the Dalavai, compelling him to retire.

From 1766 until 1799 Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan took over as the rulers of Mysuru.”

Figure 16; Independent kings of The Wadiyar Empire

Bengaluru

A concise history of India upto the modern area

Figure 15; Wadiyar Empire Map

The Wadiyar dynasty Timmaraja Wodeyar II

The Wadiyar, dynasty lasted from about 1399 to 1747 AD. The kingdom remained small during its early days, while it was part of the Vijayanagar Empire. In 1565, after the fall of the Vijayanagar Empire, the kingdom became independent and remained so until 1799.

1553 / 1572

Chamaraja Wodeyar IV 1572 / 1576

Chamaraja Wodeyar V “The Wadiyar, or Wodeyars, dynasty of Mysuru was founded in 1399 by two brothers of royal blood, namely Vijaya and Krishna. Later they were called Yaduraya and Krishnaraya. They were the descendents of the Yadava family of Dwaraka, Gujarat, north west India, who migrated to the south and arrived at a small state named Hadinad, near Mysuru. At that time the king of Hadinad, Chamaraja, died without a male heir.

Maranaya -a neighbouring king- troubled the widow queen for the hand of princess Chikkadevarasi. The two Yadava princes of Dwaraka came to the rescue of the family, fought with Maranayaka and killed him and safeguarded the honour of the Wodeyar’s royal family.

The princess who became the heir to the throne married Yaduraya, who assumed the title of Wodeyar.

Raja Wodeyar (1578-1617) established the state of Mysuru.

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1576 / 1578

Raja Wodeyar I 1578 / 1617

Chamaraja Wodeyar VI 1617 / 1637

Raja Wodeyar II 1637 / 1638

Narasaraja Wodeyar I 1638 / 1659

Dodda Devaraja Wodeyar

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1659 / 1673

1

Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar 1673 / 1704

Narasaraja Wodeyar II 1704 / 1714

The rulers, who followed the king, were weak and inefficient and much of the power passed into the hands of the Dalavayis, the ministers.

Krishnaraja Wodeyar I 1714 / 1734

Chamaraja Wodeyar VII

Khas means Royal in

1732 / 1734

Delavai Nanjarajah became the powerful controller of the state with Khas Chamaraja as the king. The Wodeyars retreated to the background.

Krishnaraja Wodeyar II 1734 / 1766

Urdu language.

From Persian, military commander.

Chitra Sridhar,

In 1749, Hyder Ali entered as a soldier in the Mysuru army and rose up as a faujdar of Dindigal by his victorious ensnaring of Devanahalli. In due course, Hyder Ali rose like a meteor and in 1766 he seized the power from the Dalavai, compelling him to retire.

From 1766 until 1799 Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan took over as the rulers of Mysuru.”

Figure 16; Independent kings of The Wadiyar Empire

Bengaluru

A concise history of India upto the modern area

Figure 15; Wadiyar Empire Map

Tipu Sultan Hyder Ali started his career as a petty officer in the Mysuru Army. He gradually came to a high position. In 1761 he won the throne of Mysuru. He began a campaign of conquests and waged constant wars against the Marathas, the Nizam and the British. In 1769 he defeated the British and reached the walls of Madras. In 1782, his son Tipu Sultan replaced him on the throne.

Tipu tried to instill change and introduced many reforms. He was a lettered ruler and his library contained a fine collection of books on various subjects.

Tipu, a muslim king, was tolerant of other religions and made generous grants to Hindu temples.

He modelled his army on western military lines and tried to build a modern navy. Tipu was quick to recognize the British as a source of danger, the most dangerous rival.

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Tipu Sultan

Tipu Sultan Hyder Ali started his career as a petty officer in the Mysuru Army. He gradually came to a high position. In 1761 he won the throne of Mysuru. He began a campaign of conquests and waged constant wars against the Marathas, the Nizam and the British. In 1769 he defeated the British and reached the walls of Madras. In 1782, his son Tipu Sultan replaced him on the throne.

Tipu tried to instill change and introduced many reforms. He was a lettered ruler and his library contained a fine collection of books on various subjects.

Tipu, a muslim king, was tolerant of other religions and made generous grants to Hindu temples.

He modelled his army on western military lines and tried to build a modern navy. Tipu was quick to recognize the British as a source of danger, the most dangerous rival.

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Tipu Sultan

British colonization Warren Hastings The power of Tipu Sultan was deeply affected during the third battle of Mysuru (1785-1792). The Sikhs were making steady progress under the rule of Ranjith but they were no match for the English in strength and power.

The British ruled from 1799 to 1947. Wellesley’s policy of intervention was decided in order to extend the Company’s territories and its power. He wanted to expel the French altogether from India. Wellesley did not meet with much difficulties. A subsidiary alliance was concluded between the English and the Native rulers.

“The terms of the alliance were: -The natives states had to entrust their foreign affairs to the Company, they should not wage wars against other states. Any negotiations or dealings were to be made only through the mediation of the company.

-A part of the kingdom had to be surrendered to the Company for the maintenance of the British army. The British were responsible for the peace and security of the kingdom and an army would be maintained for this purpose.

-The kingdom had to maintain a British Resident in its capital.

-It was the duty of the Company to maintain the security and integrity of the Kingdom.

-The Company was to offer protection to the native rulers so that they were not harassed by enemies.

-No other Company could be appointed without the permission of the East India Company Governor.”

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1772 / 1785

Lord Cornwallis 1786 / 1793

Sir John Shore 1793 / 1798

Lord Wellesley 1798 / 1805

Lord Sir George Barlow 1805 / 1807

Lord Minto 1807 / 1813

Lord Sir Marques of Hastings 1813 / 1823

Lord Armherst 1823 / 1828

Lord William Bentick 1828 / 1835

Lord Auckland 1836 / 1842

Lord Ellenborough 1842 / 1844

Lord Hardinge 1844 / 1848

Lord Dalhousie 1848 / 1856

Chitra Sridhar, A concise history of India upto the modern area

Lord Canning

During the time of colonization the British government placed Krishnaraja Wadiyar III (1799 to 1868) on the throne.

After Indian independence, in 1947, the Wodeyar Maharaja acceded to India. Mysore became an Indian state and the former Maharaja became its governor until 1975.

1856 / 1862

Lord Elgin 1862 / 1863

Sir John Shore 1864 / 1869

Lord Mayo 1869 / 1872

Lord Northbrook 1872 / 1876

Lord Lytton 1876 / 1880

Lord Ripon 1880 / 1884

Lord Dufferin 1884 / 1888

Lord Landsdowne 1888 / 1894

Lord Elgin II 1894 / 1899

Lord Curzon 1899 / 1905

Minto Morley 1905 / 1910

Lord Hardinge II 1910 / 1916

Lord Chelmsford 1916 / 1921

Lord Reading 1921 / 1926

Lord Irwin 1926 / 1931

Lord Willingdon 1931 / 1936

Lord Linlithgow 1936 / 1943

Lord Wavell 1943 / 1947

Lord Mountbatten March 1947 / August 1947

Figure 17; British governors

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British colonization Warren Hastings The power of Tipu Sultan was deeply affected during the third battle of Mysuru (1785-1792). The Sikhs were making steady progress under the rule of Ranjith but they were no match for the English in strength and power.

The British ruled from 1799 to 1947. Wellesley’s policy of intervention was decided in order to extend the Company’s territories and its power. He wanted to expel the French altogether from India. Wellesley did not meet with much difficulties. A subsidiary alliance was concluded between the English and the Native rulers.

“The terms of the alliance were: -The natives states had to entrust their foreign affairs to the Company, they should not wage wars against other states. Any negotiations or dealings were to be made only through the mediation of the company.

-A part of the kingdom had to be surrendered to the Company for the maintenance of the British army. The British were responsible for the peace and security of the kingdom and an army would be maintained for this purpose.

-The kingdom had to maintain a British Resident in its capital.

-It was the duty of the Company to maintain the security and integrity of the Kingdom.

-The Company was to offer protection to the native rulers so that they were not harassed by enemies.

-No other Company could be appointed without the permission of the East India Company Governor.”

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1772 / 1785

Lord Cornwallis 1786 / 1793

Sir John Shore 1793 / 1798

Lord Wellesley 1798 / 1805

Lord Sir George Barlow 1805 / 1807

Lord Minto 1807 / 1813

Lord Sir Marques of Hastings 1813 / 1823

Lord Armherst 1823 / 1828

Lord William Bentick 1828 / 1835

Lord Auckland 1836 / 1842

Lord Ellenborough 1842 / 1844

Lord Hardinge 1844 / 1848

Lord Dalhousie 1848 / 1856

Chitra Sridhar, A concise history of India upto the modern area

Lord Canning

During the time of colonization the British government placed Krishnaraja Wadiyar III (1799 to 1868) on the throne.

After Indian independence, in 1947, the Wodeyar Maharaja acceded to India. Mysore became an Indian state and the former Maharaja became its governor until 1975.

1856 / 1862

Lord Elgin 1862 / 1863

Sir John Shore 1864 / 1869

Lord Mayo 1869 / 1872

Lord Northbrook 1872 / 1876

Lord Lytton 1876 / 1880

Lord Ripon 1880 / 1884

Lord Dufferin 1884 / 1888

Lord Landsdowne 1888 / 1894

Lord Elgin II 1894 / 1899

Lord Curzon 1899 / 1905

Minto Morley 1905 / 1910

Lord Hardinge II 1910 / 1916

Lord Chelmsford 1916 / 1921

Lord Reading 1921 / 1926

Lord Irwin 1926 / 1931

Lord Willingdon 1931 / 1936

Lord Linlithgow 1936 / 1943

Lord Wavell 1943 / 1947

Lord Mountbatten March 1947 / August 1947

Figure 17; British governors

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Karnataka today In 1973 the state of Mysuru was renamed Karnataka.

Karnataka is now a state of India with its capital Bengaluru. Karnataka has a surface area of 191,791 km2. 61 million people lived here in 2011 and it increased up to 64 million in 2014. Karnataka’s growth rate was of 15.7% between 2001 and 2011, lesser compared to Bengaluru and Yelahanka’s.

Gulbarga

Bijapur

Raichur

Bagalkote

Hubli-Dharwad Bellary

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Davangere

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Chitradurga

Sagar Shimoga

Udupi Mangaluru

Tumkur Bengaluru

Hassan

Mysore

Figure 18; Karnataka map

Kolar

Karnataka today In 1973 the state of Mysuru was renamed Karnataka.

Karnataka is now a state of India with its capital Bengaluru. Karnataka has a surface area of 191,791 km2. 61 million people lived here in 2011 and it increased up to 64 million in 2014. Karnataka’s growth rate was of 15.7% between 2001 and 2011, lesser compared to Bengaluru and Yelahanka’s.

Gulbarga

Bijapur

Raichur

Bagalkote

Hubli-Dharwad Bellary

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Davangere

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Chitradurga

Sagar Shimoga

Udupi Mangaluru

Tumkur Bengaluru

Hassan

Mysore

Figure 18; Karnataka map

Kolar

YELAHANKA AND BENGALURU From Ilaipakka to Yelahanka

The arrival of Ranabairegowda

One does not know when Yelahanka was built, but it was a long time ago. The first name of this place was Ilaipakka. By the time Hoysalas came to power, the name changed to Elahakka (in 1026). As time passed Elahakka was replaced by the existing name Yelahanka, during the Vijayanagara Empire (14th century).

Ranabagire gowda 1418 / 1433

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Jaga gowda

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1433 / 1443

Kempananje gowda 1443 / 1513

Kempe gowda I 1513 / 1569

Gidde gowda 1569 / 1585

Kempe gowda II 1585 / 1633

Kempe gowda III 1633 / 1678

Doddavaerappa 1678 / 1710

Figuer 19; Nadraprabhus family

Kempavirappa 1710 / 1728

During the second half of the Ranabairegowda reached Yelahanka.

14th

century The title «Gowda» usually means

The Gowda family left the village of Alur due to Doddamma, the daughter of Ranabairegowda.

A legend says that a beautiful young girl, Doddamma, caught the eyes of an unacceptable Paaleyagaara, who contacted the Gowda family with a wedding offer. This proposition was instantly refused due to his poor reputation. An afraid Ranabairegowda consulted his seven brothers and the village elders. They all decided that the Gowda family needed to leave. At night they left the village. When the news of their escape reached the Paaleyagaara, they were at a great distance. He started a pursuit. At some point the Gowda family reached the river, which was not imaginable to cross. To help them, Doddamma donated her gold earrings to Ganga, the goddess of rivers. Soon after the water went away to allow the family’s crossing, and went back to normal afterwards. The Paaleyagaara was left on the other side of the river. The Gowda family stopped to settle at Avati, near Nandi Hills. However no proof is existing to validate this story.

village head man.

Feudal title for a class of territorial administrative and military governors appointed by the South rulers.

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YELAHANKA AND BENGALURU From Ilaipakka to Yelahanka

The arrival of Ranabairegowda

One does not know when Yelahanka was built, but it was a long time ago. The first name of this place was Ilaipakka. By the time Hoysalas came to power, the name changed to Elahakka (in 1026). As time passed Elahakka was replaced by the existing name Yelahanka, during the Vijayanagara Empire (14th century).

Ranabagire gowda 1418 / 1433

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Jaga gowda

1

1433 / 1443

Kempananje gowda 1443 / 1513

Kempe gowda I 1513 / 1569

Gidde gowda 1569 / 1585

Kempe gowda II 1585 / 1633

Kempe gowda III 1633 / 1678

Doddavaerappa 1678 / 1710

Figuer 19; Nadraprabhus family

Kempavirappa 1710 / 1728

During the second half of the Ranabairegowda reached Yelahanka.

14th

century The title «Gowda» usually means

The Gowda family left the village of Alur due to Doddamma, the daughter of Ranabairegowda.

A legend says that a beautiful young girl, Doddamma, caught the eyes of an unacceptable Paaleyagaara, who contacted the Gowda family with a wedding offer. This proposition was instantly refused due to his poor reputation. An afraid Ranabairegowda consulted his seven brothers and the village elders. They all decided that the Gowda family needed to leave. At night they left the village. When the news of their escape reached the Paaleyagaara, they were at a great distance. He started a pursuit. At some point the Gowda family reached the river, which was not imaginable to cross. To help them, Doddamma donated her gold earrings to Ganga, the goddess of rivers. Soon after the water went away to allow the family’s crossing, and went back to normal afterwards. The Paaleyagaara was left on the other side of the river. The Gowda family stopped to settle at Avati, near Nandi Hills. However no proof is existing to validate this story.

village head man.

Feudal title for a class of territorial administrative and military governors appointed by the South rulers.

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From Ranabairegowda to Kempegowda I

The Village of Bendakaaluru There were three local kings associated with the founding of Bengaluru, though legends often confuses them into one story.

Ranabairegowda, first of the Nadaprabhu family, arrived in Yelahanka. This family, popularly known as the Kempe Gowda family, is especially renowned in history because they are the founders of the modern Bengaluru. They were subordinates under the Vijayanagara Empire. Kempe Gowda I is the most famous amongst the Yelahanka’s Nadaprabhus.

The legends says that Mallabairegowda, son of Ranabairegowda, founded Devanahalli, Chikkaballapura and Dodda-ballapura.

The naming of Bengaluru is attributed to Veera Ballala Raya of the Hoysala dynasty (of Belur and Halebidu fame). Returning from an unsuccessful hunt, disappointed and hungry, he got separated from his retinue. As night fell, he came upon the isolated cottage of an old woman who gave him beans. She shared her simple meal of boiled beans with him. In the whimsical manner of kings, he developed a new settlement (approximately in 1100) naming it “Benda-kaalu-uru�, litterally the Village of Boiled Beans.

Four hundred years later, in 1537 the chieftain Kempegowda I built a small mud-walled fort. The popular account says that Kempegowda I, seeing his dogs being chased by a hare, decided this was heroic ground. Similar stories attach to the founders of various dynasties worldwide. So this might be the creation or borrowing of a court historian, the royal copywriters of those time.

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Kempe Gowda

The old woman

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From Ranabairegowda to Kempegowda I

The Village of Bendakaaluru There were three local kings associated with the founding of Bengaluru, though legends often confuses them into one story.

Ranabairegowda, first of the Nadaprabhu family, arrived in Yelahanka. This family, popularly known as the Kempe Gowda family, is especially renowned in history because they are the founders of the modern Bengaluru. They were subordinates under the Vijayanagara Empire. Kempe Gowda I is the most famous amongst the Yelahanka’s Nadaprabhus.

The legends says that Mallabairegowda, son of Ranabairegowda, founded Devanahalli, Chikkaballapura and Dodda-ballapura.

The naming of Bengaluru is attributed to Veera Ballala Raya of the Hoysala dynasty (of Belur and Halebidu fame). Returning from an unsuccessful hunt, disappointed and hungry, he got separated from his retinue. As night fell, he came upon the isolated cottage of an old woman who gave him beans. She shared her simple meal of boiled beans with him. In the whimsical manner of kings, he developed a new settlement (approximately in 1100) naming it “Benda-kaalu-uru�, litterally the Village of Boiled Beans.

Four hundred years later, in 1537 the chieftain Kempegowda I built a small mud-walled fort. The popular account says that Kempegowda I, seeing his dogs being chased by a hare, decided this was heroic ground. Similar stories attach to the founders of various dynasties worldwide. So this might be the creation or borrowing of a court historian, the royal copywriters of those time.

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Kempe Gowda

The old woman

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From Kempegowda I to Kempavirappa

The relationship between Bengaluru and Yelahanka

After the fort was built by Kempegowda I and his grandson, Kempegowda II, a small town developed under its protection.

They built many temples (Gavi Gangadhara, Basava, Basavanagudi and Ulsoor Someshwann among others).

Kempegowda I and II began the process of harvesting water by creating artificial tanks (Kemparbudhi, Dharmambudhi, Ulsoor and Sampangi). From this date the Bengaluru settlement was clearly established and viable.

Yelahanka is the founding place of Bengaluru. Looking at the progress of Bengaluru is like looking at the development of Yelahanka.

The Kempegowda family were from Yelahanka, but it is this family who established Bengaluru and created so many monuments like the Ulsoor Tank, Basavanagudi Temple, or the four towers to represent Bengaluru’s borders at the city foundation. The Yelahanka Gate of the Bengaluru Fort (north gate), erected under the guidance of Kempe Gowda I, was not situated in Yelahanka, but shows within its name a strong link between Bengaluru and Yelahanka.

When Bengaluru was founded, inhabitants used to move from Yelahanka to Bengaluru. Now it is the opposite with people moving in to Yelahanka, to buy a cheaper flat and enjoy a small town way of life.

“When the new settlement was being built, the south facing Anekal Gate providing entry into the mud fort refused to hold up. Every morning, despairing workers found a heap of rubble where the gate had stood the night before. Finally, it was suggested, albeit hesitantly, that the sacrifice of a pregnant young woman would put an end to this unnatural phenomenon.

Kempegowda I refused to entertain the idea. The gate continued to collapse. One night, his daughter-in-law Lakshmamma stealthily approached the gate. She prayed to the family Goddess for the prosperity of the settlement, and swiftly impaled herself on a sword. Astonished workers found the gate standing the next day and her body lying nearby.

A grief-stricken Kempegowda I is supposed to have honoured this sacrifice with a temple dedicated to her in the south-east of this city. While locals believe it to be the site of her death, debates over the logic of his decision to build the Lakshmi Devi Temple in Koramangala (8th Block) and its authenticity continue.”

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Aliyeh Rizvi; Bangalore Mirror Bureau

Kempegowda II raised four watch towers on hillocks overlooking the city, which would become the source of a legend about the limits of Bengaluru’s growth.

Kempe Gowda III helped the Vijayanagara Emperor Venkata III to put down the rebellion. He earned the title of “Swami Drohana Ganda”. The last one, Kempavirappa, perished during a battle for the Wadiyar empire in 1729, battle which led to the end of the Vijayanagar Empire.

Lakshmamma

From Kempegowda I to Kempavirappa

The relationship between Bengaluru and Yelahanka

After the fort was built by Kempegowda I and his grandson, Kempegowda II, a small town developed under its protection.

They built many temples (Gavi Gangadhara, Basava, Basavanagudi and Ulsoor Someshwann among others).

Kempegowda I and II began the process of harvesting water by creating artificial tanks (Kemparbudhi, Dharmambudhi, Ulsoor and Sampangi). From this date the Bengaluru settlement was clearly established and viable.

Yelahanka is the founding place of Bengaluru. Looking at the progress of Bengaluru is like looking at the development of Yelahanka.

The Kempegowda family were from Yelahanka, but it is this family who established Bengaluru and created so many monuments like the Ulsoor Tank, Basavanagudi Temple, or the four towers to represent Bengaluru’s borders at the city foundation. The Yelahanka Gate of the Bengaluru Fort (north gate), erected under the guidance of Kempe Gowda I, was not situated in Yelahanka, but shows within its name a strong link between Bengaluru and Yelahanka.

When Bengaluru was founded, inhabitants used to move from Yelahanka to Bengaluru. Now it is the opposite with people moving in to Yelahanka, to buy a cheaper flat and enjoy a small town way of life.

“When the new settlement was being built, the south facing Anekal Gate providing entry into the mud fort refused to hold up. Every morning, despairing workers found a heap of rubble where the gate had stood the night before. Finally, it was suggested, albeit hesitantly, that the sacrifice of a pregnant young woman would put an end to this unnatural phenomenon.

Kempegowda I refused to entertain the idea. The gate continued to collapse. One night, his daughter-in-law Lakshmamma stealthily approached the gate. She prayed to the family Goddess for the prosperity of the settlement, and swiftly impaled herself on a sword. Astonished workers found the gate standing the next day and her body lying nearby.

A grief-stricken Kempegowda I is supposed to have honoured this sacrifice with a temple dedicated to her in the south-east of this city. While locals believe it to be the site of her death, debates over the logic of his decision to build the Lakshmi Devi Temple in Koramangala (8th Block) and its authenticity continue.”

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Aliyeh Rizvi; Bangalore Mirror Bureau

Kempegowda II raised four watch towers on hillocks overlooking the city, which would become the source of a legend about the limits of Bengaluru’s growth.

Kempe Gowda III helped the Vijayanagara Emperor Venkata III to put down the rebellion. He earned the title of “Swami Drohana Ganda”. The last one, Kempavirappa, perished during a battle for the Wadiyar empire in 1729, battle which led to the end of the Vijayanagar Empire.

Lakshmamma

Bengaluru on old maps

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Figure 20; Map of 1600; The map shows the actual Tippu Sultan Fort in the middle.

Figure 21 ; Map of 1791; This is a zoom of the actual Tippu Sultan Fort.

Bengaluru on old maps

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Figure 20; Map of 1600; The map shows the actual Tippu Sultan Fort in the middle.

Figure 21 ; Map of 1791; This is a zoom of the actual Tippu Sultan Fort.

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Figure 23; Map of 1914; The city grew in the East, where Richmond town was created.

Figure 22; Map of 1791; This is a zoom of the actual Tippu Sultan Fort.

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Figure 23; Map of 1914; The city grew in the East, where Richmond town was created.

Figure 22; Map of 1791; This is a zoom of the actual Tippu Sultan Fort.

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Figure 24; Map of 1924; The city increased in the North.

Figure 25; Map of 1975; The city grew. There is the future Indiranagar, in the right part of the map.; Thanks to Naresh V Narasimhan

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Figure 24; Map of 1924; The city increased in the North.

Figure 25; Map of 1975; The city grew. There is the future Indiranagar, in the right part of the map.; Thanks to Naresh V Narasimhan

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Bengaluru on old pictures

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Brigade road in 1945; picture by Antony Loach

Bengaluru on old pictures

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Brigade road in 1945; picture by Antony Loach

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Mg road in 1930; picture by Antony Loach

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Mg road in 1930; picture by Antony Loach

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Shivajinagar in 1946; picture by Antony Loach

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Shivajinagar in 1946; picture by Antony Loach

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New Opera in 1945; picture by Antony Loach

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New Opera in 1945; picture by Antony Loach

Bengaluru today

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Bengaluru has very recently got its indian named back, after the anglicized version, Bangalore, was officially abandonned in late 2014.

One of the most important cities in India, the capital of the southern Indian State of Karnataka, Bengaluru is really appreciated by people for its favorable climate.

This is the principal reason of its important attractiveness. Never too hot or cold, many people come to take shelter against the hot or the cold weather. In 2000, Bengaluru attracted an important amount of people and society on the Information Technology domain (IT), known at this time under the name of “Silicon Valley of India�, for its major role in the high-tech sector. Many big companies have their headquarters in Bengaluru.

With an important growth rate of 46.7%, against an average of 15.7% for the rest of Karnataka, Bengaluru attracts more and more people every year. Bengaluru is one of the major fastest growing metropolis in India.

In 2011 there were 9,6 million inhabitants living in Bengaluru. The city expands quickly, and constructions are omnipresent.

Doddabalapur

Kempegowda International Airport

Yelahanka

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Whitefield Bengaluru

Electronic city

Figure 26; Bengaluru map

Hosur

Bengaluru today

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Bengaluru has very recently got its indian named back, after the anglicized version, Bangalore, was officially abandonned in late 2014.

One of the most important cities in India, the capital of the southern Indian State of Karnataka, Bengaluru is really appreciated by people for its favorable climate.

This is the principal reason of its important attractiveness. Never too hot or cold, many people come to take shelter against the hot or the cold weather. In 2000, Bengaluru attracted an important amount of people and society on the Information Technology domain (IT), known at this time under the name of “Silicon Valley of India�, for its major role in the high-tech sector. Many big companies have their headquarters in Bengaluru.

With an important growth rate of 46.7%, against an average of 15.7% for the rest of Karnataka, Bengaluru attracts more and more people every year. Bengaluru is one of the major fastest growing metropolis in India.

In 2011 there were 9,6 million inhabitants living in Bengaluru. The city expands quickly, and constructions are omnipresent.

Doddabalapur

Kempegowda International Airport

Yelahanka

65 1

Whitefield Bengaluru

Electronic city

Figure 26; Bengaluru map

Hosur

The multiple identities of cities Identity comes from the late latin “identitas”, from the latin “idem”, same. For the Oxford dictionary identity means “the characteristics determining who or what a person or thing is”. To understand better the different identities of Yelahanka, looking at the multiple components which make this place is essential.

Anybody who resides in a given place creates a melting pot which builds the character, personality of this area.

Combining this with the different facets of Yelahanka, History, Economy and Culture will determine its identities.

The multiple identities of cities Identity comes from the late latin “identitas”, from the latin “idem”, same. For the Oxford dictionary identity means “the characteristics determining who or what a person or thing is”. To understand better the different identities of Yelahanka, looking at the multiple components which make this place is essential.

Anybody who resides in a given place creates a melting pot which builds the character, personality of this area.

Combining this with the different facets of Yelahanka, History, Economy and Culture will determine its identities.

YELAHANKA A place Oxford dictionnary

Michael Jones in Recovering the Soul of Place: Reflections on PlaceBased Leadership

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First of all what is a place?

“A place is a particular position, point, or area in space; a location”.

What defines it, is it just the geolocation? How can a place have an identity?

For Michael Jones, “it is the inhabitants who make a place, a place. Through the symbols, stories, metaphors and images which people hold. This describes the power of place.”

More and more cities create their own branding to promote themselves. This is no longer the privilege of consumer brands.

Milton Glaser created in 1976 the Famous «I love NY» slogan, which became so famous that it stuck till date in the mind of people. In 2007 Wolff Olins designed the city’s new identity. The challenge was that each individual has his or her own New York. The impact of this work was the creation of one singular and strong voice for the city. However identities of places can be created with multiple tools.

The work of Rachelle Annechino and Yo-Shang Cheng, “visualizing map of San Francisco”, takes in consideration the perceptions of the city and its neighborhoods, which are not always reflected in the geography of a street map. This project is not about a neutral and geographical map, but about understanding its inhabitants.

The project “Humans of New York” by Brandon Stanton shows amazing pictures and stories about inhabitants of New York. The website is like an exhaustive catalogue of New York City’s citizens. This project creates a link between people and their city. A city exists with its citizen, showing them is showing a part of the place.

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The identity of a place can also be created by an art event, like in Nantes with the “Voyage à Nantes”.

This event takes place every year in the city, where the art is shown everywhere in the urban space. It creates a link with the history of the place. The flag work of Quentin Faucompré and Olivier Texier was telling stories of the inhabitants using pictograms. The artists spoke with citizens and created iconography of these discussions.

One flag which represented a headless pigeon, symbolized the earlier multiplicity of pigeons in the city which were then drastically reduced. This person was thinking that the city orchestrated a conspiracy to kill all this kind of birds. It emphasizes that myths and legends are part of the characteristics of a place.

City in the north west of France

Rachelle Annechina and Yo-Shang Cheng are graduate from the School of Information in California

YELAHANKA A place Oxford dictionnary

Michael Jones in Recovering the Soul of Place: Reflections on PlaceBased Leadership

68 2

First of all what is a place?

“A place is a particular position, point, or area in space; a location”.

What defines it, is it just the geolocation? How can a place have an identity?

For Michael Jones, “it is the inhabitants who make a place, a place. Through the symbols, stories, metaphors and images which people hold. This describes the power of place.”

More and more cities create their own branding to promote themselves. This is no longer the privilege of consumer brands.

Milton Glaser created in 1976 the Famous «I love NY» slogan, which became so famous that it stuck till date in the mind of people. In 2007 Wolff Olins designed the city’s new identity. The challenge was that each individual has his or her own New York. The impact of this work was the creation of one singular and strong voice for the city. However identities of places can be created with multiple tools.

The work of Rachelle Annechino and Yo-Shang Cheng, “visualizing map of San Francisco”, takes in consideration the perceptions of the city and its neighborhoods, which are not always reflected in the geography of a street map. This project is not about a neutral and geographical map, but about understanding its inhabitants.

The project “Humans of New York” by Brandon Stanton shows amazing pictures and stories about inhabitants of New York. The website is like an exhaustive catalogue of New York City’s citizens. This project creates a link between people and their city. A city exists with its citizen, showing them is showing a part of the place.

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The identity of a place can also be created by an art event, like in Nantes with the “Voyage à Nantes”.

This event takes place every year in the city, where the art is shown everywhere in the urban space. It creates a link with the history of the place. The flag work of Quentin Faucompré and Olivier Texier was telling stories of the inhabitants using pictograms. The artists spoke with citizens and created iconography of these discussions.

One flag which represented a headless pigeon, symbolized the earlier multiplicity of pigeons in the city which were then drastically reduced. This person was thinking that the city orchestrated a conspiracy to kill all this kind of birds. It emphasizes that myths and legends are part of the characteristics of a place.

City in the north west of France

Rachelle Annechina and Yo-Shang Cheng are graduate from the School of Information in California

The Development of a place

Zara Picken is an illustrator based in London

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Pune is part of the state of Maharashtra, west of India

A book of myths, like the work of Zara Picken “Irish myths folktales”, illustrates legends with simple illustrations. Old myths are the foundation of a city. In earlier time, people were holding onto a same belief, which provided them a common identity.

In India, the case of Pune is interesting.

In Pune, which is one of the fastest growing cities in India, it became necessary to design an identity for this place. It has been inspired by Shivaji, a visionary Indian king. This logotype creates a uniformisation of the city in the mind of people and helps us to understand this place.

In these different examples people have used different artistic expressions to create an identity of a city.

“Migration patterns in and out of cities are the result of millions of individual decisions, which in turn are affected by thousands of factors like economics, location, politics, security, aesthetics, sentiments and others. [...]

Cities are often regarded as living organisms, bustling with life and activity. This metaphorical image has a real basis, as migration in and out of cities is a constant, dynamic force. But as cities boom across the world, it is becoming necessary to determine patterns in urban migration. This would allow the prediction of a city’s growth in the future, resulting in better planning for administration, design, logistics, and finance. The problem is that human migration over time and space is motivated by a vast range of individual decisions, giving rise to enormously complex amounts of data that are uneasy to analyze.”

Nik Papageorgiou;

To know how a city will grow one needs to look at the past, but also the influences of how neighboring cities grow. For the development of Yelahanka, a suburb of Bengaluru, looking at Mumbai and its surrounding cities could give some key answers.

Mumbai expanded significantly these last years, due to its good situation, close to the sea, which brings jobs to its inhabitants. During the colonization this was a key point of commerce in India. But since 1981, the center of Mumbai lost inhabitants while suburban areas gained.

A similar situation occurs in Bengaluru, which has a growth rate of 46.7% between 2001 and 2011 compared to Yelahanka, 69%.

mediacom

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Census of India 2011

The Development of a place

Zara Picken is an illustrator based in London

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Pune is part of the state of Maharashtra, west of India

A book of myths, like the work of Zara Picken “Irish myths folktales”, illustrates legends with simple illustrations. Old myths are the foundation of a city. In earlier time, people were holding onto a same belief, which provided them a common identity.

In India, the case of Pune is interesting.

In Pune, which is one of the fastest growing cities in India, it became necessary to design an identity for this place. It has been inspired by Shivaji, a visionary Indian king. This logotype creates a uniformisation of the city in the mind of people and helps us to understand this place.

In these different examples people have used different artistic expressions to create an identity of a city.

“Migration patterns in and out of cities are the result of millions of individual decisions, which in turn are affected by thousands of factors like economics, location, politics, security, aesthetics, sentiments and others. [...]

Cities are often regarded as living organisms, bustling with life and activity. This metaphorical image has a real basis, as migration in and out of cities is a constant, dynamic force. But as cities boom across the world, it is becoming necessary to determine patterns in urban migration. This would allow the prediction of a city’s growth in the future, resulting in better planning for administration, design, logistics, and finance. The problem is that human migration over time and space is motivated by a vast range of individual decisions, giving rise to enormously complex amounts of data that are uneasy to analyze.”

Nik Papageorgiou;

To know how a city will grow one needs to look at the past, but also the influences of how neighboring cities grow. For the development of Yelahanka, a suburb of Bengaluru, looking at Mumbai and its surrounding cities could give some key answers.

Mumbai expanded significantly these last years, due to its good situation, close to the sea, which brings jobs to its inhabitants. During the colonization this was a key point of commerce in India. But since 1981, the center of Mumbai lost inhabitants while suburban areas gained.

A similar situation occurs in Bengaluru, which has a growth rate of 46.7% between 2001 and 2011 compared to Yelahanka, 69%.

mediacom

71 2

Census of India 2011

Yelahanka today

Census of India 2011

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Yelahanka is one of the oldest places of the State of Karnataka, and is actually a suburb of Bengaluru. Since 2010, with the opening of the new airport, Yelahanka has become a perfect location: 30 minutes away from the airport and 45 minutes away from the center of Bengaluru. A significant amount of people have migrated there. The important development of the place resulted with the expansion of majoritarily two areas of Yelahanka, the Satellite Town and the New Town. All the adjacent cities or villages are taking advantage of Yelahanka’s development. One can see a lot of constructions happening in the surroundings.

One can also see this development thanks to the construction of the highway since 2013, connecting Yelahanka and Bengaluru. A mall will soon open, currently in construction in Yelahanka Old New Town.

Today one can find few colleges which attract foreigners.

In 2011 Yelahanka was occupied by 300,000 inhabitants, similar to a city like Nantes, the sixth city more populated in France.

Old Town 73 2

New Town Satellite Town

Old Town

Figure 27 ; Map of Yelahanka

Yelahanka today

Census of India 2011

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Yelahanka is one of the oldest places of the State of Karnataka, and is actually a suburb of Bengaluru. Since 2010, with the opening of the new airport, Yelahanka has become a perfect location: 30 minutes away from the airport and 45 minutes away from the center of Bengaluru. A significant amount of people have migrated there. The important development of the place resulted with the expansion of majoritarily two areas of Yelahanka, the Satellite Town and the New Town. All the adjacent cities or villages are taking advantage of Yelahanka’s development. One can see a lot of constructions happening in the surroundings.

One can also see this development thanks to the construction of the highway since 2013, connecting Yelahanka and Bengaluru. A mall will soon open, currently in construction in Yelahanka Old New Town.

Today one can find few colleges which attract foreigners.

In 2011 Yelahanka was occupied by 300,000 inhabitants, similar to a city like Nantes, the sixth city more populated in France.

Old Town 73 2

New Town Satellite Town

Old Town

Figure 27 ; Map of Yelahanka

Lakes

The Economy One of the oldest railway stations set up in the Bengaluru area is in Yelahanka. Yelahanka Station is connected to all major cities and towns in the country. Passenger train services connect Yelahanka to nearby towns and other suburbs of Bangaluru.

The immersion on the Yelahanka’s railway station led to the following analysis.

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There are always people on train stations, which are made by two platforms each.

There is information about trains, but not really readable. The railway station is also composed of many small shops, which sell newspapers, foods and drinks. There is not enough place to sit, and since trains are easily one or two hours late, some people sit on the ground.

The largest dairy milk of Karnataka is situated in Yelahanka New Town, employing a lot of people.

The Indian Air Force has a presence in Yelahanka with an Air Force Station and a defense airport situated on National Highway 7, connecting Yelahanka to Bengaluru.

Yelahanka’s railway station - unknown source

An international Air Show is held every two years which attracts manufacturers and sellers of defense equipments and aircrafts, and inhabitants of the surrounding areas.

One of the other large companies present in Yelahanka is the Rail Wheel Factory, earlier known as Wheel and Axle Plant. It is specialized in producing wheels, axles and wheel sets for the Indian railways.

All these elements create work and attract people who need to live somewhere.

The construction market in Yelahanka is really an economic power.

Many lakes are present in Yelahanka. Puttenhalli lake, one of the most prominent, has been officially declared a bird sanctuary. Lakes are important for inhabitants, like this article from December 2013 in TNN points out: “Over 600 residents of Yelahanka joined hands on sunday to clean up Allalasandra Lake. The initiative, Shramadaan, sought to clear the water body of weeds and charge groundwater resources in the area. {…} ”

The immersion in Yelahanka and its surroundings led to the following analysis.

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Constructions are omnipresent in Yelahanka, there is almost no free space anymore. So the place develops in the surroundings. Some areas like Puttenhalli, 2 minutes away from Yelahanka New Town, are transformed. 30 years ago it was just forest but now there are buildings which grow everywhere. 10km away in the countryside, with the old traditional houses there are new buildings and gated communities.

Allalasandra lake - picture by Jagadeesh

Lakes

The Economy One of the oldest railway stations set up in the Bengaluru area is in Yelahanka. Yelahanka Station is connected to all major cities and towns in the country. Passenger train services connect Yelahanka to nearby towns and other suburbs of Bangaluru.

The immersion on the Yelahanka’s railway station led to the following analysis.

74 2

There are always people on train stations, which are made by two platforms each.

There is information about trains, but not really readable. The railway station is also composed of many small shops, which sell newspapers, foods and drinks. There is not enough place to sit, and since trains are easily one or two hours late, some people sit on the ground.

The largest dairy milk of Karnataka is situated in Yelahanka New Town, employing a lot of people.

The Indian Air Force has a presence in Yelahanka with an Air Force Station and a defense airport situated on National Highway 7, connecting Yelahanka to Bengaluru.

Yelahanka’s railway station - unknown source

An international Air Show is held every two years which attracts manufacturers and sellers of defense equipments and aircrafts, and inhabitants of the surrounding areas.

One of the other large companies present in Yelahanka is the Rail Wheel Factory, earlier known as Wheel and Axle Plant. It is specialized in producing wheels, axles and wheel sets for the Indian railways.

All these elements create work and attract people who need to live somewhere.

The construction market in Yelahanka is really an economic power.

Many lakes are present in Yelahanka. Puttenhalli lake, one of the most prominent, has been officially declared a bird sanctuary. Lakes are important for inhabitants, like this article from December 2013 in TNN points out: “Over 600 residents of Yelahanka joined hands on sunday to clean up Allalasandra Lake. The initiative, Shramadaan, sought to clear the water body of weeds and charge groundwater resources in the area. {…} ”

The immersion in Yelahanka and its surroundings led to the following analysis.

75 2

Constructions are omnipresent in Yelahanka, there is almost no free space anymore. So the place develops in the surroundings. Some areas like Puttenhalli, 2 minutes away from Yelahanka New Town, are transformed. 30 years ago it was just forest but now there are buildings which grow everywhere. 10km away in the countryside, with the old traditional houses there are new buildings and gated communities.

Allalasandra lake - picture by Jagadeesh

Temples Temples more than 400 years old are present in Yelahanka. The 1300 years old Venugopalaswamy Temple is situated in Yelahanka Old Town. Built under the control of Kempe Gowda I it is nowadays a rich heritage of the past culture. The Maheshwari temple, meaningful place of the Karaga Festival, is also located in Yelahanka Old Town.

The immersion on the temples of Yelahanka, led to the following analysis.

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People are pleased to say that there are temples for all the Indian gods. When people go inside temples they are always welcomed, first they need to take of their shoes, and leave it outside. Then people go inside and the priest gives the “sacrament”, he gives people sacred water that they need to put on their head. After the priest puts some color, red or yellow, on the forehead of people and they give him some money.

In the Venugopalaswamy temple, there is a column with writing on it: its foundation year and the builder, Kempe Gowda I. Since it is very old it is not easy to read and especially because it is writing in kannada.

In the Maheschwari temple in the front there are amazing sculptures of all the processions of the Karaga festival. All these sculptures are in very «fade» color, because of their age. There is also a big tree almost inside this temple which gives a peaceful atmosphere.

77 Venugopalaswamy temple - picture by Flora Brochier

Maheshwari temple - picture by Flora Brochier

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Temples Temples more than 400 years old are present in Yelahanka. The 1300 years old Venugopalaswamy Temple is situated in Yelahanka Old Town. Built under the control of Kempe Gowda I it is nowadays a rich heritage of the past culture. The Maheshwari temple, meaningful place of the Karaga Festival, is also located in Yelahanka Old Town.

The immersion on the temples of Yelahanka, led to the following analysis.

76 2

People are pleased to say that there are temples for all the Indian gods. When people go inside temples they are always welcomed, first they need to take of their shoes, and leave it outside. Then people go inside and the priest gives the “sacrament”, he gives people sacred water that they need to put on their head. After the priest puts some color, red or yellow, on the forehead of people and they give him some money.

In the Venugopalaswamy temple, there is a column with writing on it: its foundation year and the builder, Kempe Gowda I. Since it is very old it is not easy to read and especially because it is writing in kannada.

In the Maheschwari temple in the front there are amazing sculptures of all the processions of the Karaga festival. All these sculptures are in very «fade» color, because of their age. There is also a big tree almost inside this temple which gives a peaceful atmosphere.

77 Venugopalaswamy temple - picture by Flora Brochier

Maheshwari temple - picture by Flora Brochier

2

The old charm of a village A Village Yelahanka, even with a high number of inhabitants, still remains -in spirit- a village.

Every Sunday morning there in Yelahanka Old Town, close to the highway, takes place a weekly market.

People from surrounding villages, farmers and merchants are all here to sell their products. There are all kinds of local fruits and vegetables. The same sellers will also travel to other surrounding markets.

The immersion in the market led to the following analysis.

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Most of the inhabitants wait till the end of the market to buy vegetables for the week. At this moment people can have very low prices, for example one lemon would cost two rupees. The sellers attract people with low prices and strong voice, but only in kannada, the local language. For a foreigner who does not speak kannada it is not easy to buy vegetables, to be sure to have the right price. To understand the seller, the best way is to observe other people who buy and look how much they pay and ask for the same. One should carry a bag since sellers do not provide plastic bags.

By walking in the market one sees cows eating vegetables on the ground. There is food almost everywhere. Once, a seller was putting on the ground five tomatoes for a cow. Nearby, three cows stand on the road, though animals are not the only problem. By walking in the market people will come across many two-wheelers and cars, which try to cross a road full of people.

The municipality of Yelahanka does not like the market because of the dirt and mess which goes with it.

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Picture by Varsha Yeshwant Kumar

The old charm of a village A Village Yelahanka, even with a high number of inhabitants, still remains -in spirit- a village.

Every Sunday morning there in Yelahanka Old Town, close to the highway, takes place a weekly market.

People from surrounding villages, farmers and merchants are all here to sell their products. There are all kinds of local fruits and vegetables. The same sellers will also travel to other surrounding markets.

The immersion in the market led to the following analysis.

78 2

Most of the inhabitants wait till the end of the market to buy vegetables for the week. At this moment people can have very low prices, for example one lemon would cost two rupees. The sellers attract people with low prices and strong voice, but only in kannada, the local language. For a foreigner who does not speak kannada it is not easy to buy vegetables, to be sure to have the right price. To understand the seller, the best way is to observe other people who buy and look how much they pay and ask for the same. One should carry a bag since sellers do not provide plastic bags.

By walking in the market one sees cows eating vegetables on the ground. There is food almost everywhere. Once, a seller was putting on the ground five tomatoes for a cow. Nearby, three cows stand on the road, though animals are not the only problem. By walking in the market people will come across many two-wheelers and cars, which try to cross a road full of people.

The municipality of Yelahanka does not like the market because of the dirt and mess which goes with it.

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Picture by Varsha Yeshwant Kumar

A place of gathering Every year the Karaga festival happens in Yelahanka.

Yelahanka Karaga festival is the 3rd oldest one after Hosur’s and Bengaluru’, and was initiated at the time of Kempe Gowda I. Epic story from the hindu mythology.

Daughter of the king Drupada.

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The legends says that in the last part of Mahabharat, a glimpse of hell was revealed to the Pandavas, the five acknowledged sons of Pandu. At that time one demon -named Tripurasura- was still alive. Draupadi, the wife of the Pandavas, decided to kill the demon. She took the form of Shakti Devi and gathered a large army of soldiers called the Veerakumaras. After a huge fight the demon was defeated. The soldiers asked Draupadi to stay back with them. Draupadi could not access to their request, but she promised that she would visit them once a year. The Tigalas believe that they are the descendants of the Veerakumaras and they welcome Draupadi on this date every year by observing the festival.

The celebration happens every year during the first full moon of the first month of the Hindu calendar, approximately in March / April for six days. It is led by the men of the Thigalas’ sub-caste, who were the community of soldiers. The Karaga itself is a mud pot, on which stands a tall floral pyramid that is balanced on the carrier’s head. The pot’s content has remained a secret down the centuries.

This participatory event is led by the Thigalas (approximately 500 houses in Yelahanka Old Town), who are the only ones able to do so. Most of them are flower or vegetable sellers, farmers or small shop owners. People from all castes are welcome and contribute. They all bring their own deities and goddesses. Every year between 15,000 to one lakh people attend Karaga. The route is pre-decided by the committee, made of nine people from the same family and a priest. The procession goes through every small road of Yelahanka Old Town. The Yelahanka Karaga starts every year in the Maheshwari temple, which is the temple of Parvati, wife of Shiva.

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A qualitative interview has been conducted with Krishna Murthy; picture by Flora Brochier

A place of gathering Every year the Karaga festival happens in Yelahanka.

Yelahanka Karaga festival is the 3rd oldest one after Hosur’s and Bengaluru’, and was initiated at the time of Kempe Gowda I. Epic story from the hindu mythology.

Daughter of the king Drupada.

80 2

The legends says that in the last part of Mahabharat, a glimpse of hell was revealed to the Pandavas, the five acknowledged sons of Pandu. At that time one demon -named Tripurasura- was still alive. Draupadi, the wife of the Pandavas, decided to kill the demon. She took the form of Shakti Devi and gathered a large army of soldiers called the Veerakumaras. After a huge fight the demon was defeated. The soldiers asked Draupadi to stay back with them. Draupadi could not access to their request, but she promised that she would visit them once a year. The Tigalas believe that they are the descendants of the Veerakumaras and they welcome Draupadi on this date every year by observing the festival.

The celebration happens every year during the first full moon of the first month of the Hindu calendar, approximately in March / April for six days. It is led by the men of the Thigalas’ sub-caste, who were the community of soldiers. The Karaga itself is a mud pot, on which stands a tall floral pyramid that is balanced on the carrier’s head. The pot’s content has remained a secret down the centuries.

This participatory event is led by the Thigalas (approximately 500 houses in Yelahanka Old Town), who are the only ones able to do so. Most of them are flower or vegetable sellers, farmers or small shop owners. People from all castes are welcome and contribute. They all bring their own deities and goddesses. Every year between 15,000 to one lakh people attend Karaga. The route is pre-decided by the committee, made of nine people from the same family and a priest. The procession goes through every small road of Yelahanka Old Town. The Yelahanka Karaga starts every year in the Maheshwari temple, which is the temple of Parvati, wife of Shiva.

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A qualitative interview has been conducted with Krishna Murthy; picture by Flora Brochier

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Karaga Festival - Picture by Vivek Muthuramalingam

Karaga Festival - Picture by Vivek Muthuramalingam

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Karaga Festival - Picture by Vivek Muthuramalingam

Karaga Festival - Picture by Vivek Muthuramalingam

A place which draws attention

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Aero India is a biennial air show and aviation exhibition held in Bangalore, at the Yelahanka Air Force Station. It is organized by the Defense Exhibition Organization, the Ministry of Defence. The first edition of this air show was held in 1996. During this Aero India Show, many manufacturers and service providers from the Indian aerospace and aviation industry met potential buyers of their products. The 4th edition of the air show took place in 2003. About 176 exhibitors from 22 countries all over the world came and participated. In the year 2005, more than 380 participants came to the Aero India show’s 5th edition. In it, many military and civil aircrafts as well as aerospace products were displayed.

The 7th edition was held from February 11th to 15th 2009, and included 592 exhibitors from over 25 countries.

In recent years, the Aero India has emerged as one of the world’s most important and largest military aviation exhibitions.

Jakkur Flight Club, place of the Air Show, attracts people from all over India for the flight school it offers, and previously for the dragged races that people were looking forward to attend. During the air show, which happens every two years, many people from all over India and foreign countries are coming to Yelahanka.

This is one of Yelahanka’s events that everybody knows about and recognizes.

A qualitative interview was conducted with Bharath; picture by Flora Brochier

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A place which draws attention

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Aero India is a biennial air show and aviation exhibition held in Bangalore, at the Yelahanka Air Force Station. It is organized by the Defense Exhibition Organization, the Ministry of Defence. The first edition of this air show was held in 1996. During this Aero India Show, many manufacturers and service providers from the Indian aerospace and aviation industry met potential buyers of their products. The 4th edition of the air show took place in 2003. About 176 exhibitors from 22 countries all over the world came and participated. In the year 2005, more than 380 participants came to the Aero India show’s 5th edition. In it, many military and civil aircrafts as well as aerospace products were displayed.

The 7th edition was held from February 11th to 15th 2009, and included 592 exhibitors from over 25 countries.

In recent years, the Aero India has emerged as one of the world’s most important and largest military aviation exhibitions.

Jakkur Flight Club, place of the Air Show, attracts people from all over India for the flight school it offers, and previously for the dragged races that people were looking forward to attend. During the air show, which happens every two years, many people from all over India and foreign countries are coming to Yelahanka.

This is one of Yelahanka’s events that everybody knows about and recognizes.

A qualitative interview was conducted with Bharath; picture by Flora Brochier

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Air Show - Unknown source

Air Show - Unknown source

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Air Show - Unknown source

Air Show - Unknown source

The different areas Old Town Old Town is the oldest area of Yelahanka. This area has increased largely during the past years to become overpopulated.

Yelahanka Old Town was founded a long time ago, it is impossible to give the exact year or century.

At the beginning it was just a small village, which grew a little when the Gowda family settled in Yelahanka Old Town.

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Fifty years ago, most of the actual Old Town used to be a jungle, people were afraid to go out at night. There was no work here, people used to leave for Bengaluru and surrounding places.

Thirty years after, in 1975, most of the actual Old Town was transformed to agriculture fields.

At this time there used to be a lot of work, but no earning. People used to wake up at 5:30 am and finish their work at 11:30 pm. They were allowed one break and one chai per day.

Some time after people started to come again to Yelahanka for work and this continues till now.

The price of land for one site has increased significantly, from 2,000 rupees 20 years ago to 20 to 30 lakhs nowadays.

There used to be one water truck only.

Nobody had money, so inhabitants

used to buy two buckets of water, keep one and sale the other one, to earn some money. Now there are at least five to six water trucks every hour. Everybody has enough water.

The immersion in Yelahanka Old Town led to the following analysis.

Going inside of this part of Yelahanka is like going to another city. Road are smallers, people are everywhere. All the houses are painted in colorful ways, one is blue, the other pink and the next one is green. In Yelahanka Old Town there is almost everything, traditional saree makers, old english bicycles sellers, or traditional instrument makers. No foreigners are visible in this part of Yelahanka and everybody knows their neighbours, so when foreigners come in these streets, people are looking at them, asking names, pictures and proposing to help them. The houses are small with often the kitchen and the living room in one small space where people welcome guests. One of the first things that they will do to the guests, after giving them one of the only seats available, is giving them food and something to drink.

A qualitative interview was conducted with Ramesh; picture byFlora Brochier

Figure 28; Yelahanka Old Town Map

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The different areas Old Town Old Town is the oldest area of Yelahanka. This area has increased largely during the past years to become overpopulated.

Yelahanka Old Town was founded a long time ago, it is impossible to give the exact year or century.

At the beginning it was just a small village, which grew a little when the Gowda family settled in Yelahanka Old Town.

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Fifty years ago, most of the actual Old Town used to be a jungle, people were afraid to go out at night. There was no work here, people used to leave for Bengaluru and surrounding places.

Thirty years after, in 1975, most of the actual Old Town was transformed to agriculture fields.

At this time there used to be a lot of work, but no earning. People used to wake up at 5:30 am and finish their work at 11:30 pm. They were allowed one break and one chai per day.

Some time after people started to come again to Yelahanka for work and this continues till now.

The price of land for one site has increased significantly, from 2,000 rupees 20 years ago to 20 to 30 lakhs nowadays.

There used to be one water truck only.

Nobody had money, so inhabitants

used to buy two buckets of water, keep one and sale the other one, to earn some money. Now there are at least five to six water trucks every hour. Everybody has enough water.

The immersion in Yelahanka Old Town led to the following analysis.

Going inside of this part of Yelahanka is like going to another city. Road are smallers, people are everywhere. All the houses are painted in colorful ways, one is blue, the other pink and the next one is green. In Yelahanka Old Town there is almost everything, traditional saree makers, old english bicycles sellers, or traditional instrument makers. No foreigners are visible in this part of Yelahanka and everybody knows their neighbours, so when foreigners come in these streets, people are looking at them, asking names, pictures and proposing to help them. The houses are small with often the kitchen and the living room in one small space where people welcome guests. One of the first things that they will do to the guests, after giving them one of the only seats available, is giving them food and something to drink.

A qualitative interview was conducted with Ramesh; picture byFlora Brochier

Figure 28; Yelahanka Old Town Map

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Pictures by Flora Brochier

Picture by Flora Brochier

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Pictures by Flora Brochier

Picture by Flora Brochier

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Picture by Flora Brochier

Picture by Flora Brochier

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Picture by Flora Brochier

Picture by Flora Brochier

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Picture by Flora Brochier

Picture by Flora Brochier

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Picture by Flora Brochier

Picture by Flora Brochier

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Picture by Flora Brochier

Picture by Flora Brochier

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Picture by Flora Brochier

Picture by Flora Brochier

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Picture by Flora Brochier

Picture by Flora Brochier

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Picture by Flora Brochier

Picture by Flora Brochier

Satellite Town and New Town A qualitative interview was conducted with Veerana, Colonel Antony, Geeta and Hegde.

Yelahanka New Town and Satellite Town are the newest areas, with shops like Dominos, Subway or Bata, and some important schools like Mallya Aditi International School, Canadian International School, Stonehill International School and a design college, Srishti School of Art, Design and Technology.

Satellite Town was established around 1980, as a result of Yelahanka Old Town’s total congestion. This part was planned in a very geometrical way.

New Town is the newest portion, started in 1987 by the construction of SFS Colony. It includes many parks, schools, institutes and commercial establishments.

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SFS Colony (Self Financial Scene) which is part of Yelahanka New Town is made of three parts.

The first part (208) of SFS Colony was built in 1987, followed by the second part (407) in 1990 and then the last part (707) in 1992. The basic idea was a concept of sharing house connections. At this time, just Richmond Town (1910), MG road (approximately 1930), Indiranagar and Koramangala (approximately 1970) were here. SFS Colony was created by KHB (Karnataka Housing Board) which started this schemaa and was building for retired government army personnels.

“When we arrived it was just a jungle.

There was nothing just a small village.

The new airport arrived just in 2010” The BBMP wanted to convert some parks in commercial places, but the residents did not accept it.

The inhabitants decided to go to court and eventually won. There is an association in SFS Colony which discusses all kinds of topics.

“It’s not a mall culture, it’s a park culture.”

Living in SFS Colony is a whole lifestyle in itself. A lot of restrictions rule the area: one can not build a house

upper to 4th floor, commerces are not allowed (with an exception for small shops).

The immersion in Yelahanka New Town and Satellite Town led to the following analysis.

Yelahanka New Town is made of bigger roads than the older parts. There are roads full of shops like Bata, Kanti sweets, Dominos pizza, Subway or Nikon. Most of the houses in this part are beige. Some small restaurants are in the first floor, easy to access and to see, but to go to some other ones there are narrow staircases in the backroad, and after walking 20 meters crossing a photographer shop, the restaurant is here.

In this part of Yelahnka there are Indians and foreigners. It is easy to find shop owners who can understand some words of english or hindi, the two more widely-spread national languages.

This part is also made of gated communities with thousand of people living there. These gated communities have, for most of them, shops, newspaper delivery, sport facilities and swimming pools. Most of the people of these gated communities leave in the morning thanks to corporate or school buses, or in a car with driver. They come back at night in the same way. They usually have maids and cooks to take care of everything.

In Satellite Town, the standard way of planning the area makes it easy to find its way. It is difficult to see the difference between New Town and Satelite Town, these two areas are similar in terms of building, shops and people.

SFS Colony, which is part of Yelahanka New Town, is refreshing. Park are almost everywhere. Tiny shops, Iindividual houses and small apartments play a big role in this feeling of tranquility.

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Satellite Town and New Town A qualitative interview was conducted with Veerana, Colonel Antony, Geeta and Hegde.

Yelahanka New Town and Satellite Town are the newest areas, with shops like Dominos, Subway or Bata, and some important schools like Mallya Aditi International School, Canadian International School, Stonehill International School and a design college, Srishti School of Art, Design and Technology.

Satellite Town was established around 1980, as a result of Yelahanka Old Town’s total congestion. This part was planned in a very geometrical way.

New Town is the newest portion, started in 1987 by the construction of SFS Colony. It includes many parks, schools, institutes and commercial establishments.

100 2

SFS Colony (Self Financial Scene) which is part of Yelahanka New Town is made of three parts.

The first part (208) of SFS Colony was built in 1987, followed by the second part (407) in 1990 and then the last part (707) in 1992. The basic idea was a concept of sharing house connections. At this time, just Richmond Town (1910), MG road (approximately 1930), Indiranagar and Koramangala (approximately 1970) were here. SFS Colony was created by KHB (Karnataka Housing Board) which started this schemaa and was building for retired government army personnels.

“When we arrived it was just a jungle.

There was nothing just a small village.

The new airport arrived just in 2010” The BBMP wanted to convert some parks in commercial places, but the residents did not accept it.

The inhabitants decided to go to court and eventually won. There is an association in SFS Colony which discusses all kinds of topics.

“It’s not a mall culture, it’s a park culture.”

Living in SFS Colony is a whole lifestyle in itself. A lot of restrictions rule the area: one can not build a house

upper to 4th floor, commerces are not allowed (with an exception for small shops).

The immersion in Yelahanka New Town and Satellite Town led to the following analysis.

Yelahanka New Town is made of bigger roads than the older parts. There are roads full of shops like Bata, Kanti sweets, Dominos pizza, Subway or Nikon. Most of the houses in this part are beige. Some small restaurants are in the first floor, easy to access and to see, but to go to some other ones there are narrow staircases in the backroad, and after walking 20 meters crossing a photographer shop, the restaurant is here.

In this part of Yelahnka there are Indians and foreigners. It is easy to find shop owners who can understand some words of english or hindi, the two more widely-spread national languages.

This part is also made of gated communities with thousand of people living there. These gated communities have, for most of them, shops, newspaper delivery, sport facilities and swimming pools. Most of the people of these gated communities leave in the morning thanks to corporate or school buses, or in a car with driver. They come back at night in the same way. They usually have maids and cooks to take care of everything.

In Satellite Town, the standard way of planning the area makes it easy to find its way. It is difficult to see the difference between New Town and Satelite Town, these two areas are similar in terms of building, shops and people.

SFS Colony, which is part of Yelahanka New Town, is refreshing. Park are almost everywhere. Tiny shops, Iindividual houses and small apartments play a big role in this feeling of tranquility.

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Figure 29; Yelahanka New Town Map

Figure 30; Yelahanka Satellite Town Map

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Figure 29; Yelahanka New Town Map

Figure 30; Yelahanka Satellite Town Map

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Yelahanka New Town.

Picture by Flora Brochier

Yelahanka New Town.

Picture by Flora Brochier

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Yelahanka New Town.

Picture by Flora Brochier

Yelahanka New Town.

Picture by Flora Brochier

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Yelahanka New Town.

Picture by Flora Brochier

Yelahanka New Town.

Picture by Flora Brochier

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Yelahanka New Town.

Picture by Flora Brochier

Yelahanka New Town.

Picture by Flora Brochier

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Yelahanka New Town.

Picture by Flora Brochier

Yelahanka New Town, SFS Colony.

Picture by Flora Brochier

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Yelahanka New Town.

Picture by Flora Brochier

Yelahanka New Town, SFS Colony.

Picture by Flora Brochier

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Yelahanka New Town; SFS Colony.

Picture by Flora Brochier

Yelahanka New Town; SFS Colony.

Picture by Flora Brochier

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Yelahanka New Town; SFS Colony.

Picture by Flora Brochier

Yelahanka New Town; SFS Colony.

Picture by Flora Brochier

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Yelahanka Satellite Town.

Yelahanka Satellite Town.

Picture by Flora Brochier

Picture by Flora Brochier

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Yelahanka Satellite Town.

Yelahanka Satellite Town.

Picture by Flora Brochier

Picture by Flora Brochier

Inhabitants of Yelahanka To understand Yelahanka’s multiple identities, it is important to look at the inhabitants. They are the ones who create a place, and define it. The population of Yelahanka has increased significantly in the last years.

There was a big migration to Yelahanka, but who are these migrants? Who are the people of Yelahanka?

Inhabitants of Yelahanka To understand Yelahanka’s multiple identities, it is important to look at the inhabitants. They are the ones who create a place, and define it. The population of Yelahanka has increased significantly in the last years.

There was a big migration to Yelahanka, but who are these migrants? Who are the people of Yelahanka?

The actual population of Yelahanka The Population

Yelahanka, city of migrants

The population increased from 93,263 people in 2001 to 300,000 in 2011. The ratio of males / females in Yelahanka remained almost unchanged, about 55% of males for 45% of females.

The majority of Yelahanka’s population is between 20 to 50 years old. Most of them are from the south of India. They came from Karnataka or a nearby state to work in Yelahanka or Bengaluru. More and more people are every year moving to Yelahanka. Andhra Pradesh for example is a state bordering Karnataka, which has too little rainfall. Therefore farmers migrate to find work in the city.

In Raichur, north Karnataka, most of the inhabitants are farmers without education. These people migrate to Bengaluru, Goa or Pune. Today they are found mainly in construction work. But why are they migrating? For a day of work in Bengaluru, they earn between 300 and 500 rupees, compared to 150 to 200 in their native village of Raichur. In Bengaluru they can work almost all year long, while in their native place there is work just a few months per year. The principal problem for these farmers is a lack of rainfall throughout the year, and it is even worse for those who do not have irrigation facilities.

The immersion with Yelahanka’s population led to the following analysis.

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At around 6am, the sound of the temples can be heard by the population, the whole city wakes up.

The population in the road in Yelahanka ismajoritarily made of women wearing the traditional sari or kurta.

Women who clean roads or houses wear sarees almost everyday . Sellers, cooks and administration women wear most of the time different kinds of kurtas. Some exceptions, majoritarily from Srishti students, wear jeans, tshirts and skirts.For men the differences are lesser, a lot of them wear jeans and T-shirts. Poorer people wear lungis, which is a fabric like a skirt but worn like a diaper.

In the road there are mostly only men, talking together, drinking chai, looking at people. Roads are paisible, some road sellers will interrupted this quietness by yelling the name of their products. These sellers are moving on bicycles, and sell everyday items or vegetables.

After 10pm the roads are almost empty and dogs are everywhere.

The actual population of Yelahanka is mostly from Karnataka, and especially from Bengaluru. The main reason is that Bengaluru is the closest big city.

However, some states like West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh or Bihar even if they are so far from Karnataka bring many migrants to Yelahanka.

Why are so many Uttar Pradesh and Bihar people are found in Bengaluru?

Most of the people originating from these two states are construction workers. They are here because there is more work for them than in their own state.

For the West Bengal people one of the main reasons is poverty, even though this state is very wealthy in terms of culture. Some inhabitants live with nothing and need to emigrate.

Lungi

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The actual population of Yelahanka The Population

Yelahanka, city of migrants

The population increased from 93,263 people in 2001 to 300,000 in 2011. The ratio of males / females in Yelahanka remained almost unchanged, about 55% of males for 45% of females.

The majority of Yelahanka’s population is between 20 to 50 years old. Most of them are from the south of India. They came from Karnataka or a nearby state to work in Yelahanka or Bengaluru. More and more people are every year moving to Yelahanka. Andhra Pradesh for example is a state bordering Karnataka, which has too little rainfall. Therefore farmers migrate to find work in the city.

In Raichur, north Karnataka, most of the inhabitants are farmers without education. These people migrate to Bengaluru, Goa or Pune. Today they are found mainly in construction work. But why are they migrating? For a day of work in Bengaluru, they earn between 300 and 500 rupees, compared to 150 to 200 in their native village of Raichur. In Bengaluru they can work almost all year long, while in their native place there is work just a few months per year. The principal problem for these farmers is a lack of rainfall throughout the year, and it is even worse for those who do not have irrigation facilities.

The immersion with Yelahanka’s population led to the following analysis.

116 3

At around 6am, the sound of the temples can be heard by the population, the whole city wakes up.

The population in the road in Yelahanka ismajoritarily made of women wearing the traditional sari or kurta.

Women who clean roads or houses wear sarees almost everyday . Sellers, cooks and administration women wear most of the time different kinds of kurtas. Some exceptions, majoritarily from Srishti students, wear jeans, tshirts and skirts.For men the differences are lesser, a lot of them wear jeans and T-shirts. Poorer people wear lungis, which is a fabric like a skirt but worn like a diaper.

In the road there are mostly only men, talking together, drinking chai, looking at people. Roads are paisible, some road sellers will interrupted this quietness by yelling the name of their products. These sellers are moving on bicycles, and sell everyday items or vegetables.

After 10pm the roads are almost empty and dogs are everywhere.

The actual population of Yelahanka is mostly from Karnataka, and especially from Bengaluru. The main reason is that Bengaluru is the closest big city.

However, some states like West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh or Bihar even if they are so far from Karnataka bring many migrants to Yelahanka.

Why are so many Uttar Pradesh and Bihar people are found in Bengaluru?

Most of the people originating from these two states are construction workers. They are here because there is more work for them than in their own state.

For the West Bengal people one of the main reasons is poverty, even though this state is very wealthy in terms of culture. Some inhabitants live with nothing and need to emigrate.

Lungi

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Average age of Yelahanka’s inhabitants

Yelahanka’s inhabitants’ duration of stay

Qualitative interview of103 inhabitants of Yelahanka.

Figure 31;

Qualitative interview of103 inhabitants of Yelahanka.

Figure 33

30 30 20 20 10 10 0

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0 0 - 15 years

15 - 30 years 30 - 45 years

0 - 5 years

45 - 60 years 60 + years

5 - 10 years

0 - 15 years

15 - 30 years 30 + years

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Origins of Yelahanka’s inhabitants

Yelahanka’s inhabitants’ reason to migrate

Qualitative interview of103 inhabitants of Yelahanka.

Figure 32

Qualitative interview of103 inhabitants of Yelahanka.

Figure 34

50

60

40

50

30

40

20

30

10

20

0 Karnataka

Tamil Nadu

Kerala

Andra Pradesh

West Bengal

Uttar Pradesh

Bihar

France

10

0 Family

Business

Studies

Average age of Yelahanka’s inhabitants

Yelahanka’s inhabitants’ duration of stay

Qualitative interview of103 inhabitants of Yelahanka.

Figure 31;

Qualitative interview of103 inhabitants of Yelahanka.

Figure 33

30 30 20 20 10 10 0

118

0 0 - 15 years

15 - 30 years 30 - 45 years

0 - 5 years

45 - 60 years 60 + years

5 - 10 years

0 - 15 years

15 - 30 years 30 + years

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3

Origins of Yelahanka’s inhabitants

Yelahanka’s inhabitants’ reason to migrate

Qualitative interview of103 inhabitants of Yelahanka.

Figure 32

Qualitative interview of103 inhabitants of Yelahanka.

Figure 34

50

60

40

50

30

40

20

30

10

20

0 Karnataka

Tamil Nadu

Kerala

Andra Pradesh

West Bengal

Uttar Pradesh

Bihar

France

10

0 Family

Business

Studies

Yelahanka’s inhabitants’ origins per State

Yelahanka’s inhabitants’ origins from Karnataka

Analysis of the book «Les attaches de l’homme»

by Jean Luc Racine and the qualitative interview of 103 inhabitants of Yelahanka.

Figure 35;

Analysis of the book «Les attaches de l’homme»

by Jean Luc Racine and the qualitative interview of 103 inhabitants of Yelahanka.

Figure 36;

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3 50

50

40

40

30

30

20

20

10

10

0

0 Karnataka

Tamil Nadu

Kerala

Andra Pradesh

West Bengal

Uttar Prades; Bihar

Other

Bengaluru

Kollar

Tumakuru

Yelahanka

Mysuru

Mandya

Other

Yelahanka’s inhabitants’ origins per State

Yelahanka’s inhabitants’ origins from Karnataka

Analysis of the book «Les attaches de l’homme»

by Jean Luc Racine and the qualitative interview of 103 inhabitants of Yelahanka.

Figure 35;

Analysis of the book «Les attaches de l’homme»

by Jean Luc Racine and the qualitative interview of 103 inhabitants of Yelahanka.

Figure 36;

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3 50

50

40

40

30

30

20

20

10

10

0

0 Karnataka

Tamil Nadu

Kerala

Andra Pradesh

West Bengal

Uttar Prades; Bihar

Other

Bengaluru

Kollar

Tumakuru

Yelahanka

Mysuru

Mandya

Other

Pictures of Yelahanka’s inhabitants

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Agricultor.

Lives in Yelahanka New Town.

From Karnataka.

Picture by Flora Brochier.

Sheep farmer.

Lives in Yelahanka New Town.

From Karnataka.

Picture by Flora Brochier.

Pictures of Yelahanka’s inhabitants

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Agricultor.

Lives in Yelahanka New Town.

From Karnataka.

Picture by Flora Brochier.

Sheep farmer.

Lives in Yelahanka New Town.

From Karnataka.

Picture by Flora Brochier.

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Construction workers.

Live in Yelahanka New Town.

From Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.

Picture by Flora Brochier.

Construction workers.

Live in Yelahanka New Town.

From Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.

Picture by Flora Brochier.

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Construction workers.

Live in Yelahanka New Town.

From Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.

Picture by Flora Brochier.

Construction workers.

Live in Yelahanka New Town.

From Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.

Picture by Flora Brochier.

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Maula, ricksaw driver.

Lives in Yelahanka New Town since 19 years.

From Kenchen halli.

Picture by Flora Brochier.

Tirimal, 59 years old, chai shop owner Lives in Yelahanka New Town since 13 years.

From Tamil Nadu.

Picture by Flora Brochier.

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Maula, ricksaw driver.

Lives in Yelahanka New Town since 19 years.

From Kenchen halli.

Picture by Flora Brochier.

Tirimal, 59 years old, chai shop owner Lives in Yelahanka New Town since 13 years.

From Tamil Nadu.

Picture by Flora Brochier.

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Sari makers.

Live in Yelahanka Old Town since 10 to15 years.

From Doddabalapur.

Picture by Flora Brochier.

Arashi, 48 years old, Tailor Lives in Yelahanka New Town since 7 years.

From Tamil Nadu.

Picture by Flora Brochier.

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Sari makers.

Live in Yelahanka Old Town since 10 to15 years.

From Doddabalapur.

Picture by Flora Brochier.

Arashi, 48 years old, Tailor Lives in Yelahanka New Town since 7 years.

From Tamil Nadu.

Picture by Flora Brochier.

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Textile workers.

Live in Yelahanka New Town since 15 years.

From West Bengal.

Picture by Flora Brochier.

37 years old, Shop owner.

Lives in Yelahanka Old Town since ever.

Picture by Flora Brochier.

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Textile workers.

Live in Yelahanka New Town since 15 years.

From West Bengal.

Picture by Flora Brochier.

37 years old, Shop owner.

Lives in Yelahanka Old Town since ever.

Picture by Flora Brochier.

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Ramesh, 68 years old, Shop clothes owner.

Lives in Yelahanka Old Town since ever.

Picture by Flora Brochier.

Chandra Shekar, 34 years old, dough maker.

Lives in Yelahanka Old Town since ever.

Picture by Flora Brochier.

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Ramesh, 68 years old, Shop clothes owner.

Lives in Yelahanka Old Town since ever.

Picture by Flora Brochier.

Chandra Shekar, 34 years old, dough maker.

Lives in Yelahanka Old Town since ever.

Picture by Flora Brochier.

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Samir, 13 years old, Factory worker.

Lives in Yelahanka Old Town since ever.

Picture by Flora Brochier.

Deven, 34 years old, Seller.

Lives in Yelahanka Old Town since10 years From Mangalore.

Picture by Flora Brochier.

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Samir, 13 years old, Factory worker.

Lives in Yelahanka Old Town since ever.

Picture by Flora Brochier.

Deven, 34 years old, Seller.

Lives in Yelahanka Old Town since10 years From Mangalore.

Picture by Flora Brochier.

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Prakash, 50 years old, Shop owner.

Lives in Yelahanka Old Town since ever.

Picture by Flora Brochier.

Muiraju, 44 years old, Sari maker.

Lives in Yelahanka Old Town since ever.

Picture by Flora Brochier.

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Prakash, 50 years old, Shop owner.

Lives in Yelahanka Old Town since ever.

Picture by Flora Brochier.

Muiraju, 44 years old, Sari maker.

Lives in Yelahanka Old Town since ever.

Picture by Flora Brochier.

The change of place overtime

Arish, 48 years old, tailor.

Lives in Yelahanka since 10 years.

“10 years ago, there used to be just California and Heritage. Other than that, they were only a lot of jungle over here and nothing else.

If you wanted to go from here to the main road after 7.30 pm, it was a big problem. Everybody was really scared because people used to sit over there and drink.”

Bharath, 26 years old, Marketing consultant. Lives in Yelahanka since 7 years.

“A lot of immigration happens, especially since the airport shifted here some 7-8 years back. There has been a lot of residential projects in terms of villas and apartments. Any new working couple will choose Yelahanka as a good investment in term of housing. I have seen a drastic rising of the number of people who have been shifting to Yelahanka.”

A place which is constantly changing Yelahanka is a place in constant modification. Nothing stays still, everything is always moving.

Most of the people are pleased to live in Yelahanka, and prefer it to Bengaluru.

I tried to research about what kind of problems faced the population of Yelahanka, and asked inhabitants about them. It appears to be only minor ones, like the interdiction of smoking in front of schools or the lack of AC buses to go to the city.

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To the question “What were the changes and modifications that you saw through time?”, these inhabitants of Yelahanka answered this:

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“30-40 years ago there were nothing here except forest, but later the development started because of the IT industries, institutes. So buildings, construction activity, roads development, vehicles and people also change a lot. 30-40 years back Yelahanka never saw any vehicle, just a few bull-cars which belonged to farmers for bringing their agriculture products from Yelahanka to the city.”

Mg hegde, 69 years old, has a restaurant. Lives in Yelahanka since 30/40 years.

“10-15 years back Yelahanka was just much like a village. Not much of development or stylish people were here.”

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The change of place overtime

Arish, 48 years old, tailor.

Lives in Yelahanka since 10 years.

“10 years ago, there used to be just California and Heritage. Other than that, they were only a lot of jungle over here and nothing else.

If you wanted to go from here to the main road after 7.30 pm, it was a big problem. Everybody was really scared because people used to sit over there and drink.”

Bharath, 26 years old, Marketing consultant. Lives in Yelahanka since 7 years.

“A lot of immigration happens, especially since the airport shifted here some 7-8 years back. There has been a lot of residential projects in terms of villas and apartments. Any new working couple will choose Yelahanka as a good investment in term of housing. I have seen a drastic rising of the number of people who have been shifting to Yelahanka.”

A place which is constantly changing Yelahanka is a place in constant modification. Nothing stays still, everything is always moving.

Most of the people are pleased to live in Yelahanka, and prefer it to Bengaluru.

I tried to research about what kind of problems faced the population of Yelahanka, and asked inhabitants about them. It appears to be only minor ones, like the interdiction of smoking in front of schools or the lack of AC buses to go to the city.

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To the question “What were the changes and modifications that you saw through time?”, these inhabitants of Yelahanka answered this:

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“30-40 years ago there were nothing here except forest, but later the development started because of the IT industries, institutes. So buildings, construction activity, roads development, vehicles and people also change a lot. 30-40 years back Yelahanka never saw any vehicle, just a few bull-cars which belonged to farmers for bringing their agriculture products from Yelahanka to the city.”

Mg hegde, 69 years old, has a restaurant. Lives in Yelahanka since 30/40 years.

“10-15 years back Yelahanka was just much like a village. Not much of development or stylish people were here.”

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“Of course I would love to know more about Yelahanka.”

“People shifted here because there are more jobs. In Andhra Pradesh there is a lot of rain and very less jobs.”

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Rama, 36 years old, Sari maker Lives here since 10 years.

“25 years ago, nobody found work so they all went away. After that, for the past 20-25 years a lot of people started to come. One site was for 2,000 rupees 20-25 years ago, now it is 20-30 lakhs.”

“Yes, I would like to know.”

“Yes I would really like to know more about this place, and I am sure it can interest people”

“50 years before there used to be just a jungle, and people were afraid to come over here.

20 years before it used to be fields and just agriculture happening.”

“Yes, but I don’t have the time to search information”

“I would like to know about history, I would like to know about people, culture, the way of life and photography.”

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Samir, 62 years old.

Native of Yelahanka.

Do you want to know more about Yelahanka?

“Why not” “In 1975 there used to be a lot of work, but no earning. Wake up at 5.30am until 11.30pm. A little food one time and one chai in all the day.”

“There used to be only one truck of water. People used to buy two buckets of water, keep one and sell the other one. Now everybody gets enough money to have water for themselves. In one hour there is easily five to six buckets of water (for poor people).”

“It depend of the way to present it”

“No, I am too old to learn something new and I don’t think that there are more things to know”

Ramesh, 68 years old, Shop of clothes. Native of Yelahanka.

“No, I don’t have time.”

“Of course I would love to know more about Yelahanka.”

“People shifted here because there are more jobs. In Andhra Pradesh there is a lot of rain and very less jobs.”

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Rama, 36 years old, Sari maker Lives here since 10 years.

“25 years ago, nobody found work so they all went away. After that, for the past 20-25 years a lot of people started to come. One site was for 2,000 rupees 20-25 years ago, now it is 20-30 lakhs.”

“Yes, I would like to know.”

“Yes I would really like to know more about this place, and I am sure it can interest people”

“50 years before there used to be just a jungle, and people were afraid to come over here.

20 years before it used to be fields and just agriculture happening.”

“Yes, but I don’t have the time to search information”

“I would like to know about history, I would like to know about people, culture, the way of life and photography.”

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Samir, 62 years old.

Native of Yelahanka.

Do you want to know more about Yelahanka?

“Why not” “In 1975 there used to be a lot of work, but no earning. Wake up at 5.30am until 11.30pm. A little food one time and one chai in all the day.”

“There used to be only one truck of water. People used to buy two buckets of water, keep one and sell the other one. Now everybody gets enough money to have water for themselves. In one hour there is easily five to six buckets of water (for poor people).”

“It depend of the way to present it”

“No, I am too old to learn something new and I don’t think that there are more things to know”

Ramesh, 68 years old, Shop of clothes. Native of Yelahanka.

“No, I don’t have time.”

Conclusion Yelahanka is a suburb of Bengaluru, which is located in the south of India. This is one of the oldest towns which has turned into a suburb of Bengaluru lately. It is actually difficult to find informations about this suburb contrarily to Bengaluru, as not many people know about this area. In the big library of Bengaluru, in book shops or in internet there is almost no information available.

Working on sharing the heritage of this place with its inhabitants, and eventually create a link between the inhabitants and the place to make them proud of living in Yelahanka is essential.

I wanted to share informations about Yelahanka, which is why I choose to work on Yelahanka and its multiple identities. I have worked with three main research areas:

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The history of Karnataka and the foundation of Yelahanka. The region of Bengaluru’s actual location and Yelahanka were ruled by diverse dynasties for a long time. The first recorded one was the Kadambas in 350. Yelahanka is older than the Hoysalas Empire which changed the name from Ilaipakka to Elahakka, approximately in 1026. During the 14th century the Nadraprabhus family arrived in Yelahanka, and began to build the foundation of the modern Bengaluru.

Yelahanka is the birth place of Bengaluru.

The multiple identities of cities and Yelahanka. There are different ways to create a place’s identity. It can be done through visual identity, mapping, festival, and more. In the case of Yelahanka, this place is the combination of three different areas, built successively.

Some events are specific to this place, like the air show which is famous all around India, or the Karaga festival.

This festival exists since Kempe Gowda, 16th century, it shows the link with the construction of Bengaluru.

During this week-long festival, the procession goes to every small road of Yelahanka Old Town, and stops to every temple. It mainly stops to some very old temples, built during the time of the Nadraprabhus family.

The inhabitants of Yelahanka. This place has expanded quickly during the previous years, with a large amount of migrants being present. But in Yelahanka Old Town one can still find a lot of native people. All this migration create a loss of the culture and history.

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Conclusion Yelahanka is a suburb of Bengaluru, which is located in the south of India. This is one of the oldest towns which has turned into a suburb of Bengaluru lately. It is actually difficult to find informations about this suburb contrarily to Bengaluru, as not many people know about this area. In the big library of Bengaluru, in book shops or in internet there is almost no information available.

Working on sharing the heritage of this place with its inhabitants, and eventually create a link between the inhabitants and the place to make them proud of living in Yelahanka is essential.

I wanted to share informations about Yelahanka, which is why I choose to work on Yelahanka and its multiple identities. I have worked with three main research areas:

142 0

The history of Karnataka and the foundation of Yelahanka. The region of Bengaluru’s actual location and Yelahanka were ruled by diverse dynasties for a long time. The first recorded one was the Kadambas in 350. Yelahanka is older than the Hoysalas Empire which changed the name from Ilaipakka to Elahakka, approximately in 1026. During the 14th century the Nadraprabhus family arrived in Yelahanka, and began to build the foundation of the modern Bengaluru.

Yelahanka is the birth place of Bengaluru.

The multiple identities of cities and Yelahanka. There are different ways to create a place’s identity. It can be done through visual identity, mapping, festival, and more. In the case of Yelahanka, this place is the combination of three different areas, built successively.

Some events are specific to this place, like the air show which is famous all around India, or the Karaga festival.

This festival exists since Kempe Gowda, 16th century, it shows the link with the construction of Bengaluru.

During this week-long festival, the procession goes to every small road of Yelahanka Old Town, and stops to every temple. It mainly stops to some very old temples, built during the time of the Nadraprabhus family.

The inhabitants of Yelahanka. This place has expanded quickly during the previous years, with a large amount of migrants being present. But in Yelahanka Old Town one can still find a lot of native people. All this migration create a loss of the culture and history.

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bibliography Books

Web site

- Michael Jones, Recovering the Soul of Place: Reflections on Place-Based Leadership

- www.mapsofindia.com/karnataka/geography-history/history-of-karnataka.html

- Chitra Sridhar, A concise history of india upto the modern area

- groups.ischool.berkeley.edu/mentalmaps/

- DR. SuryanathaU.Kamath - A concise history of Karnataka

- www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Kadamba_Dynasty

- Jean Luc Racine, Les attaches de l’homme

- http://www.historydiscussion.net/empires/ history-of-the-chalukyas-of-badami

- Aditi De, Multiple city: writings in bangalore

- www.indianmemoryproject.com

- Peter Colaco’s, Bangalore, A century of tales from city and contonment

- yelahankaupdate.blogspot.in

- Michael Goldman; Getting Bangalored: Struggles over Urbanized Space in the

- https://www.karnataka.gov.in

Making of Asia’s World Cities - Census of india 2011

- http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/place - Google maps

Articles 144 0

- Deccan Herald, Waiting to take-off, 09.12.2007 - The Times of India, Yelahanka residents clean lake, 16.12.2013 - News Mediacom, Peering into the future: How cities grow, 27.11.2013; Nik Papageorgiou - Bangalore Mirror Bureau, Larger than life, 06.08.2014, Aliyeh Rizvi

Main Ressource persons - Naresh V Narasimhan - Map of Bengaluru - Krishna Murthy - Karaga Festival - Bharath - Air Force Show - Ramesh - Yelahanka Old Town - Veerana - Yelahanka Satellite Town - Colonel Antony - Yelahanka Satellite Town - Geeta - Yelahanka Satellite Town - Hegde. - Yelahanka New Town

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bibliography Books

Web site

- Michael Jones, Recovering the Soul of Place: Reflections on Place-Based Leadership

- www.mapsofindia.com/karnataka/geography-history/history-of-karnataka.html

- Chitra Sridhar, A concise history of india upto the modern area

- groups.ischool.berkeley.edu/mentalmaps/

- DR. SuryanathaU.Kamath - A concise history of Karnataka

- www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Kadamba_Dynasty

- Jean Luc Racine, Les attaches de l’homme

- http://www.historydiscussion.net/empires/ history-of-the-chalukyas-of-badami

- Aditi De, Multiple city: writings in bangalore

- www.indianmemoryproject.com

- Peter Colaco’s, Bangalore, A century of tales from city and contonment

- yelahankaupdate.blogspot.in

- Michael Goldman; Getting Bangalored: Struggles over Urbanized Space in the

- https://www.karnataka.gov.in

Making of Asia’s World Cities - Census of india 2011

- http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/place - Google maps

Articles 144 0

- Deccan Herald, Waiting to take-off, 09.12.2007 - The Times of India, Yelahanka residents clean lake, 16.12.2013 - News Mediacom, Peering into the future: How cities grow, 27.11.2013; Nik Papageorgiou - Bangalore Mirror Bureau, Larger than life, 06.08.2014, Aliyeh Rizvi

Main Ressource persons - Naresh V Narasimhan - Map of Bengaluru - Krishna Murthy - Karaga Festival - Bharath - Air Force Show - Ramesh - Yelahanka Old Town - Veerana - Yelahanka Satellite Town - Colonel Antony - Yelahanka Satellite Town - Geeta - Yelahanka Satellite Town - Hegde. - Yelahanka New Town

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