Studio 18 Journal Brian Duong 761765

STUDIO 18: LIKE-HUMANS SEMESTER 1 2021 JOURNAL BRIAN DUONG 761765 TEAM MEMBER //ENOCH FUNG 965320 TUTORS //DARCY ZELENKO + DANNY NGO

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//JOURNAL

Currently completing Masters of Architecture, computational design in architecture has been fascinating to me and I enjoy looking for ways to improve my workflows. I have an interest in exploring how architecture can be designed and constructed through the use of innovative tools.

Brian Duong

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1.0_PRECEDENT STUDY

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2.0_PART

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3.0_LOGIC 4.0_WHOLE 5.0_MID SEMESTER 6.0_FINAL OUTCOME 7.0_REFLECTION

42 64 72 115 137

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//0.0_CONTENTS

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IMAGE: Aggregation by Gilles Retsin

Studio 18: Like-Humans explores the potentials of applying discrete aggregation in architecture.

From small scale to larger scale applications, we look at designing a part to be aggregated into various forms. Design consideration is applied throughout the process of designing to the part to designing the spaces that eventuate from these aggregations. There is emphasis on considerations for materiality, constructibility and spatial qualities as the studio is grounded in fabrication.

0.1_PREFACE 5

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IMAGE: Precedent Study Final Outcome Visualisation

Exploration into discrete aggregation began with precedent studies. The purpose of these studies was to deconstruct the project into part, logic and whole to better understand the way in which the final outcome comes together.

//1.0_PRECEDENT STUDY 7

LEFT: Voxel Chair V1.0 RIGHT: Voxel Chair Fabrication Process

The precedent that was chosen was the Voxel Chair V1.0 designed by Manuel Jimenez Garcia & Gilles Retsin. The interesting point of this project was the seemingly complex geometry that was being created from 3D printing technology. The simplicity of the fabrication is hidden within the multitude of detail and material qualities that add depth to the piece. Using prior knowledge, the aim was to deconstruct the logic behind this project.

1.1_VOXEL CHAIR V1.0 9

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LEFT: Voxel Chair Model Visualisation RIGHT: Voxel Chair Model Progression

Through analysing the form and structure of the chair, we were able to discern that although the chair was constructed from a single extrusion of PLA, the logic behind developing the model was through some form of voxelisation. It could be seen that the project was created through a specialty program which allowed the chair to be generated.

To break down this logic process, first the original chair model was obtained, in this case, the Voxel Chair V1.0 was based off the form of the Pantone Chair. This model was then voxelised using a Voxels plugin for Grasshopper.

The path within each voxel was extracted from the precedent and applied throughout each voxel of the voxelised form. This formed a series of layers that are connected to be fabricated into the Voxel Chair. It is notable that there are two variations of toolpathing in the voxels, a more dense structural form and a lighter more volume filling form. Together these form the inner and outer portions of the chair.

From analysing the fabrication process, it was determined that the chair was actually fabricated in two separate mirrored parts and joined together after printing.

1.2_VOXEL CHAIR V1.0 //REVERSE ENGINEERING 11

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TOP RIGHT: Marching Cubes Part Library BOTTOM LEFT: Marching Cubes Part Library Visualisation

After successfully recreating the Voxel Chair, we sought to expand upon the logic that was present in the precedent. It was noticed that the algorithm that was used to generate the toolpathing for the Voxel Chair shared similarities with Marching Cubes, where each voxel was assessed and given a particular form depending on the surrounding voxels.

Through some further research into Marching Cubes, we developed a library of parts that was inspired by the Voxel Chair. The atmospheric properties of the material and form were adapted into the Marching Cubes part library.

Each part was generated in the same way the Voxel Chair was.

1.3_MARCHING CUBES 13

PART /VOXEL CONTAINER

LOGIC

/PART MUTATION

/ATTRIBUTE

/EXTRACTION

/DEFINITION

/BREAKDOWN

/VOXELISED

/LAYERED

WHOLE /COVERAGE

/FABRICATION

/ASSEMBLY

/FINAL FORM

/PROFILE

/TYPE 1

/TYPE 2 /STRUCTURAL DEFINITION

PART MATRIX

/ASSEMBLY LOGIC

/JOINT VOXEL

AGGREGATION WHOLE

AGGREGATION LOGIC

/TYPE 0

/TYPE 1

/TYPE 2

/TYPE 3

/TYPE 4

/TYPE 5

/TYPE 6

/TYPE 7

/TYPE 8

/TYPE 9

/POINT CLOUD

3D CUBE GRID

/MARCHING CUBE

/DETECTION

VOXELS + POINT CLOUD

(DETECTION) MARCHING CUBE ALGORITHM

/VISUALISATION

/LIGHTING CONDITION

/COMPLETE CLOSURE

COMPLETE FORM

SCALE

/TYPE 10

/TYPE 11

/TYPE 12

/TYPE 13

/TYPE 14

PART DESIGN PART LIBRARY ITERATIONS

SUBSTITUTE VOXELS

/SPATIAL QUALITY BRIAN DUONG 761765 + ENOCH FUNG 965320 STUDIO18: LIKE-HUMAN DARCY ZELENKO + DANNY NGO

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DIAGRAM: Precedent Study Outcome

The final outcome of the precedent research study was a breakdown of the part, logic and whole of the Voxel Chair. This was then paralleled with an exploration into Marching Cubes and how they can be applied using similar fabrication technology but follows a different underlying logic to eventually form a vastly different whole aggregation.

1.4_PRECEDENT STUDY //OUTCOME 15

The next stage of the design development for discrete architecture takes the information gained from the precedent studies to bring into designing a part that allows for discrete aggregation.

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//2.0_PART

Plain side of the part allows for a flat surface for sides where the connection is not needed

Orientation of the part and consideration for the connections can allow for flat surfaces and vertical elements

Pin and holes align and lock the parts together

Support folds positoned in the interior of the part maintain the triangular shape of the part

Folded flaps can join parts that are beside each other. Additional detailing can be added to increase types of connections between parts

Interlocking geometry adds strength to the overall form

Parts can be oriented vertically and horizontally with each other Each part can be folded from lasercut flat sheet material reducing the amount of material needed

A series of holes on selected surfaces dictate the sides that can be connected Multiple holes to align pins at varying positions

Pins aligned at 200mm centres to orient vertically and horizontally with other parts

Pin + Hole

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500mm

Folded

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Z-form

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DIAGRAM: Part Explorations

This initial process involved generating a number of options to refine and develop further. With the initial stages of developing a part, it was quickly realised that it is inevitable to think ahead about the logic of how the part operates and connects together.

Within these iterations of parts, there were a number of aspects that were appealing such as multiple configurations of a single part.

The difficulty in designing a part lies within attempting create enough flexibility for versatile aggregations to be formed while avoiding over complicating the part.

Another part feature that was interesting was a part that could be folded or transformed to generate a number of forms within the part before even aggregating. This idea allows a part to perform multiple functions by having multiple forms.

2.1_PART EXPLORATION 19

//Fold + Join Studio 18: Like-Humans Brian Duong 7615765

//3D Part Aggregation

//3D Part Diagram

//3D Part Construction

//Planar Part Aggregation

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//Planar Aggregation Diagram

250mm

//Part Fabrication

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1000mm

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LEFT: Part Exploration Diagram RIGHT: Part Exploration Prototype Model

The idea of multiple forms was explored further with this design iteration of the part.

Here the part can form a three dimensional shape made up of three panels and structural carcasses. Alternatively, the panels can form a planar surface by joining together in a different configuration. Additionally, there was consideration for material usage and fabrication efficiency in terms of nesting.

One of the key ideas in this iteration comes from transforming sheet material into something with more capabilities. Since sheet material is readily accessible and easily fabricated, it was a point of interest in this design.

2.2_PART DEVELOPMENT 21

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TOP: Kerfing Tests CNC Sheet Nesting BOTTOM: Part Prototype CNC Sheet Nesting

After consolidating ideas, a consensus was reached to pursue the idea of using sheet material to produce the part. The concept of kerfing was brought up and explored. Using groove cuts to allow timber sheet material to bend became an interesting focal point for the part design.

In order to explore the capabilities of kerfing, a number of test panels were generated to understand the effect of changing various parameters to bend the sheet material. Since plywood was used, it was important that the grain of the intact sheet runs perpendicular to the cuts otherwise the sheet becomes incredibly weak and is prone to breaking.

From these tests, our part design was developed further and we were able to begin fabrication of a prototype to test the part design. The part incorporates kerfing to wrap a plywood sheet around a series of carcasses. The kerfing provides structural strength to the sheet material which would otherwise not be present.

2.3_PART REFINEMENT //KERFING 23

LEFT: Part CNC Sheet Preparation RIGHT: Joint Preparation

Using the CNC router, the main sheet components of the part was cut. In addition, a joining component inspired by the Kawai Tsugite joint is inserted and fixed to the ends of the part.

These provide the connections to other parts.

Originally the joint was intended to be milled on the 4-axis CNC machine, however due to limitations of the machine, the joint needed to be constructed from a series of plywood sheets joined together. There was also an attempt to handcraft the joint using carpentry tools. This was generally successful however excessively time consuming and impractical at a larger scale.

2.4_PROTOTYPE FABRICATION 25

LEFT: Part Diagram TOP RIGHT: Part Prototype Model BOTTOM RIGHT: Joint Prototype Model

The completed part prototype was at a scale of 1:1 and demonstrated the construction detail of the part. The part is constructed entirely of timber and can provide an adequate amount of structural support.

The joinery allows for both end to end connections and end to side connections for the part. This dictates the type of aggregation that can be formed with the part.

It can be noted that the development of the part was a difficult task to complete. The part in discrete architecture dictates much of the direction and aesthetic of the overall aggregation. As such, much consideration is needed when developing the part. Designing in isolation without delving deeply into the logic and whole poses issues when exploring the capabilities of a part. It is only once logic and whole are explored that the part can be further refined.

2.5_PART PRESENTATION 27

After the part is developed, the logic that the aggregation follows needs to be established.

It is important to develop the connection rules and structures to allow the aggregation to be developed further.

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//3.0_LOGIC

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DIAGRAM: Logic Exploration

The initial logic of the discrete aggregation is based upon the connections that are possible with the part. Each part has end connections at either end and two side connections on opposite sides of the part, offset from the middle. The resulting aggregation pattern that is formed is an offset grid. This forms the basis of the aggregation logic. The benefit of this pattern is the regularity of the aggregation which allows for strength and creation of planar surfaces.

3.1_LOGIC //OFFSET 31

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DIAGRAM: Logic Rationalisation

As the logic is developed and further refined, the part is substituted into the aggregation. The part is adjusted to fit the logic better. Length variations of the part are created such that the edges of the aggregation can be rationalised. A particular difficulty with the offset grid that is generated is the lack of straight edges around the boundary of the aggregation. The introduction of varying length parts is an attempt to address this.

Although, in some circumstances, a rough edge as opposed to straight edge could be desirable within the aggregation.

3.2_LOGIC //REFINEMENT 33

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IMAGE: Logic Exploration

Up to this point, much of the aggregation logic had been generated manually. This aggregation is generated using wasp and a number of defined rules and connections. The rules are limited to a two-dimensional plane in this instance to better understand and deconstruct the aggregation logic that is being generated.

From this exercise, a number of unexpected patterns emerged. Not all the aggregation was random connections, a number of sections seemingly produce regular patterns.

3.3_LOGIC //EXPLORATION 35

Once the logic of the discrete aggregation is established, the aggregation can be applied in an architectural context.

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//4.0_WHOLE

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DRAWING: Prototype Aggregation Partial Section

For logical rationalisation, the aggregation logic was used to enclose a small scale building.

The aggregation consists of a series of planar aggregations making up the walls, floor and ceiling of the building.

The edges of the planar surfaces are rationalised using the logic previously developed, utilising the varying part lengths to connect along the straight edge.

In addition, considerations are taken for connections between the part aggregation and floor, roof and window systems. These are addressed with a secondary part that infills the openings created by the offset grid frame.

4.1_WHOLE RATIONALISATION 39

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IMAGE: Exposed Construction Visualisation

The infill part not only allows the gaps in the frame part aggregation allowing the building to be airtight, the infill part presents an opportunity to create a bridge between discrete and non discrete parts.

In particular, the floor and roof systems are supported by the standoffs that are attached to the infill part.

4.2_WHOLE CONSTRUCTION 41

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BR

IMAGE: Final Outcome Visualisation

The midsemester review was the culmination of research and design development throughout the first half of semester. At this point, the part, logic and whole was developed enough to apply to an architectural brief. The brief for the proposal was to design small scale quarantine housing using discrete architecture.

//5.0_MIDSEMESTER 43

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DIAGRAM: Site Context

The site for the quarantine housing facility is located just outside Avalon airport, intended to be located away from the densely populated areas. Key considerations for the site include access to main roads, wind and noise pollution.

The chosen site is located to the north of the airport with close access to the main highway.

This location takes advantage of the existing carpark and surrounding roads.

5.1_SITE CONTEXT 45

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DRAWING: Masterplanning

The master planning for the overall quarantine housing facility is organised in terms of dwelling size and quarantine risk. This is to address considerations for logistics when transporting people and supplies across the facility.

Higher risk dwellings are located further back in the site as opposed to the lower risk dwellings which are located closer to the entrance.

The internal road system allows transportation to traverse the site effectively. All individuals are initially processed at the reception area before being allocated to their appropriate dwelling.

5.2_MASTERPLANNING 47

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DIAGRAM: Part Diagram

The part has been revisited and developed further since its initial conception. After establishing logic and the whole aggregation, adjustments were made to increase the flexibility of the part.

This can be seen in the configurations of the joint.

The production method for the joint utilises CNC routers to fabricate the parts quickly and efficiently.

5.3_PART DIAGRAM 49

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DIAGRAM: Part Infill Detail

The construction detail of the part infill is presented here, each infill panel contains an interior and exterior part that bolts together to clamp onto the frame of the part aggregation.

These part infills can be altered to contain a window or opaque infill. Furthermore, standoffs for floor joists can be attached to these part infills to construct floor systems.

Overall the primary purpose of the these part infills are to enclose buildings, however can serve additional functions due to their versatility.

5.4_PART INFILL 51

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DIAGRAM: Construction Process

The construction of each dwelling can be made efficient by reducing the amount of onsite assembly required. All parts are fabricated off site and assembled to form the individual parts.

These can then be pre-assembled into wall and floor panels and stored until needed. The panels are then transported to site and assembled together to form the dwelling. The pre-assembly reduces the amount of time and work required onsite which is advantageous for the temporary nature of the quarantine housing.

5.5_LOGIC 53

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DRAWING: Individual Dwelling Plan

The individual quarantine dwelling consists of standard living amenities. A kitchenette is provided in the place of a kitchen due to food being provided to occupants. The outdoor patio space gives occupants outdoor space while under quarantine.

5.6.1_WHOLE //INDIVIDUAL DWELLING PLAN 55

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DRAWING: Individual Dwelling Section

Looking from the section into the dwelling, the spaces are divided through changes in levels to mark the boundary of spaces while keeping the space open. This is an important consideration as occupants are confined to this single space for long periods of time.

In section, the construction detail can be seen for the roof and floor. The roofing system consists of conventional and easily accessible materials that can be connected to the part aggregation through the infill part.

5.6.2_WHOLE //INDIVIDUAL DWELLING SECTION 57

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DRAWING: Family Dwelling Plan

The larger family dwelling can house a family of 4 within the space. Unlike the individual dwelling, the family dwelling contains a more private spaces that are separated from the main living area. This is to accommodate the needs of the occupants living in the space.

5.6.3_WHOLE //FAMILY DWELLING PLAN 59

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IMAGE: Building Visualisations

These visualisations demonstrate the material and lighting quality within the space. The timber produces warm tones to create a more comfortable atmosphere for occupants within the space.

5.7_BUILDING VISUALISATION 61

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IMAGE: Scale Model

This scale model begins to show the materiality and tectonics of the aggregation in a tangible model. The finer details of the parts are removed and the overall parts are abstracted to simplify the production process.

5.8_SCALE MODEL 63

BR

IMAGE: Final Outcome Visualisation

In summary, the progress up to midsemester review shows promise in part, logic and whole.

There are some areas that are lacking and can be developed further, reinforced by the feedback from the critics panel.

There are limitations to what can be produced within the short time frame which inadvertently limited the exploration and capacity that the part aggregation could take. A prime example of this is the fact that the aggregation system allows for further connections and possible aggregation into three dimensions, however the result of the midsemester proposal consisted of a series of planar surfaces joined together to form walls, floors and roofs.

This can also be attributed to the desire to achieve order and clear cut rules within the aggregation.

The resulting outcome reflects this direction, ending up rigid and missing the opportunities available within the part and aggregation.

Moving forward, with further development, the way the part aggregates three dimensionally needs to be explored further to push the limits of what the aggregation can accomplish.

Additionally, much of the midsemester proposal was aggregated manually. Incorporation of computational methods are needed to truly accomplish discrete architecture.

5.9_REFLECTION 65

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IMAGE: Final Outcome Visualisation

The final outcome of this project was the culmination of research and exploration conducted throughout the semester. Through rigorous design iterations and computational analysis, the architectural form was generated and refined.

//6.0_FINAL OUTCOME 67

Taking on the criticisms from the mid semester temporary capabilities of the part suited the review, there were a number of areas to be project. With the introduction of a new brief, developed further and considered. The overall these aspects need to be reconsidered. concept was received well with criticisms in the detail being presented. In particular, the part design that had been developed, although was generally well thought out, presented some concerns regarding structural capacity.

In addition, a general consensus was made that our design proposal had missed an opportunity to develop the growth aggregation further to expand into the third dimension rather than the limited two-dimensional configuration that was achieved in the mid semester review.

Going forward into the final portion of the semester, these key points needed to be addressed and considered through the design process, in addition to responding to the new brief. There is almost a separation between the design of the discrete aggregation and architectural brief that is not seen in other design studios. This brings an opportunity to refresh the design brief while being able to build and expand upon the existing discrete aggregation side of the project.

This of course comes with some limitations and concerns that need to be addressed through the design and conceptualisation of the final brief.

The main concern is how the currently designed part fits into the context of the new brief. For the previous brief of quarantine housing, the

6.1_MIDSEMESTER REVIEW 69

The new brief for the final portion of semester contained a number of key points to address.

The primary aim of the brief was to demonstrate how discrete architecture can be considered at a larger scale. Particularly, how discrete architecture can be robust and used in a flexible way to produce architecture that responds to the context rather than producing modular uniform design.

The brief proposal that follows this design thesis involves tasking us to produce a large scale building with a purpose of housing. Specifically, it is required that the building contains at least 10 dwellings and the site context and regulations are considered in the design proposal.

Outside of these requirements, the brief is open for individual direction in terms of general building type and purpose of the building. These are established within the project concept proposal.

6.2_BRIEF 71

TREEHAUS TREEHAUS IS A COMMUNITY HUB LOCATED AT THE CORNER OF LEICESTER ST AND PELHAM ST, THE DESIGN INTENT OF THE PROJECT IS TO GATHER LIKE MINDED CREATIVE INDIVIDUALS TO FULLY UTILISE THE ENTIRE BUILDING STRUCTURE AND PROGRAMS. THE FORM OF THE BUILDING IS INSPIRED BY A TREE, DETERMINED

BY ALGORITHMS UTILISING SOLAR ACCESS (PHOTOSYNTHESIS), OPTIMISING THE STRUCTURAL TOPOLOGY (TREE TRUNK) AND BRANCHING OUT INTO SMALLER FRUITS (DWELLING THAT BREWS NEW IDEAS).

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The direction of this project proposal aimed to produce a community hub that fosters a community within the building. In addition, the building facilities also aimed provide to the wider community.

Inspiration was taken from the initial material used in the part, being timber. This idea propagated throughout the conception of the design proposal, to eventually be incorporated into the manifesto of the building. Ideas of strength in the material and part as well as growth of the aggregation and building permeate through the design.

6.3_MANIFESTO 73

OUR VISION WE BELIEVE THAT DISCRETE ARCHITECTURE HAS ITS PLACE IN THE BUILDING INDUSTRY BUT AT THE SAME TIME, WE ACKNOWLEDGE THE LIMITATIONS OF WHAT A PART COULD ACHIEVE. OUR PART EXCELS IN BEING A STRUCTURAL MEMBER OF BUILDINGS, IT ENSURES THE QUALITIES OF PARTS WITH THE MAJORITY OF THEM PREFABRICATED OFF-SITE. THE EASE OF CONSTRUCTION PROVIDES AN EVER GROWING BUILDING WITHIN A PROVIDED BOUNDARY, CREATING A POETIC WEAVE BETWEEN THE CHANGING OCCUPANTS AND THE BUILDING AESTHETICS.

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The aim for this project in terms of discrete architecture is to demonstrate the ability for discrete architecture to be used in an innovative way. Discrete architecture can be flexible and robust in its application, achieving feats that conventional construction cannot.

It is also important to note the limitations of discrete architecture. Buildings created from discrete parts need extra considerations for structure and finishes. Attempting to design a part that can achieve both simplicity in design and construction while also providing versatility in aggregation and rationalisation is not an easy task. There will be limits to what can be achieved with discrete architecture alone, however, as the core design principle in this project, it provides the primary structure as well as the overall aesthetics for the building.

6.4_DISCRETE ARCHITECTURE 75

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TOP LEFT: Interior View TOP RIGHT: Elevation Sketch BOTTOM LEFT: First Floor Plan BOTTOM MIDDLE: Site Plan BOTTOM RIGHT: Site Sketch

Inspiration was taken from the Yokohama Apartment by ON design partners. Particularly notable was the context for this project, a cluster of dwellings housing a number of young artists.

The arrangement of the dwellings provides a communal area reminiscent of hostels. Each apartment has separate entrances, a bedroom, bathroom and kitchenette. The communal area is situated between the apartments on the ground floor and is an outdoor space, containing kitchen facilities and shared living space.

Particular interest is drawn from the extent that communal facilities are present in this project as well as the clear distinction between public and private spaces. Interestingly, the open communal space is accessible at all times and not in any way closed off from the public street.

This is also a reflection of the culture in which the project is situated. The idea of the central common area or core open space is prevalent in this project and is something that we look to explore within our own project. Other key points that are explored are how private and public spaces are situated and separated as well as how communal facilities can function for a group of occupants living in separate apartments.

6.5.1_PRECEDENTS //YOKOHAMA APARTMENT 77

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TOP LEFT: Elevation BOTTOM LEFT: Ground Floor Plan RIGHT: Light Well

Nightingale 1 by Breathe Architecture is a prime example of community housing and lessons can be taken from it on how community focused systems can be implemented. In terms of the architecture in the project, particular interest is drawn from the core central vertical circulation in the building. The main stairwell is provided with natural lighting by the outdoor light well, also providing greenery in the central area of the building.

Another key aspect to this design is that the stairwell acts as the fire stair, isolated from the rest of the building. This allows the staircase to be the sole vertical circulation in the building, increasing the number of chance encounters and interactions between residents as well as reducing the amount of space taken up by the vertical circulation.

These two aspects to the project are particularly interesting and we aim to incorporate them in some way into our own project.

6.5.2_PRECEDENTS //NIGHTINGALE 1 79

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DIAGRAM: Wider Site Context + Analysis

The site for this brief is located at 154-160 Leicester St, Carlton, VIC. This location is in the centre of the education district of Melbourne, with close proximity to the University of Melbourne Parkville Campus as well as the RMIT City Campus. This presents an opportunity to centre the project around a building that benefits and complements the surrounding amenities.

In terms of the demographic of the area, being an inner city suburb, much of the demographic fits within the age group of young adults which is reflected in the multitude of apartments, townhouses and student accommodation present in the area. It is therefore appropriate to propose a building that is predominantly geared towards the younger population.

It can also be noted that much of the demographic live and work or study within the area and being 5-10 minutes of the CBD, there are plenty of amenities within reach. There is an opportunity to develop a purpose for this building proposal that is not already present in the area.

For this reason, student accommodation is not considered as a suitable option.

6.6.1_RESEARCH //SITE CONTEXT 81

SUBURB PROFILE: CARLTON DEMOGRAPHIC (MEDIAN VALUES):

ST

R ST

BOUVERIE

LEICESTE

BARRY ST

- MEETING JUNCTION - ACCOMMODATIONS - CLOSE PROXIMITY TO RETAIL AREAS (CBD & LYGON ST) - GREEN SPACES WITHIN 5MINS OF WALK - PUBLIC SERVICES

BERKELEY

OPPORTUNITIES:

ST

- TOTAL POPULATION: 18535 - WEEKLY HOUSEHOLD INCOME: 572 - HOUSEHOLD SIZE: 1.90 - AGE: 24 (INDIRECT RELEVANCY) - MONTHLY LOAN REPAYMENT: 1894

PELHAM S

T

NEARBY ACCESS RESTAURANT/CAFE TRAM STOP

QUEENSB

ERRY ST

BUS STOP EDUCATION LIBRARY

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SWANSTO NS

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BOUVERIE

EY

T RY S BAR

KEL

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DIAGRAM: Local Site Context + Analysis

When looking at the more immediate context of the site, it can be seen that access to the site is abundant, as the site is located on a corner with two street frontages available as well as an adjacent lane way providing further access.

In addition, the site is within close proximity to public transport facilities as well as open green space, namely University Square across the intersection from the site. With the available open area across from the site, it is important to therefore consider view and sight line opportunities outwards from the building.

6.6.2_RESEARCH //SITE CONTEXT 83

LEICESTER ST

PELHAM ST

JUNCTION BETWEEN QUEENSBERRY ST AND LEICESTER ST:

LOW-RISE BUILDINGS ON PELHAM ST ALLOWS FOR GREAT SOLAR ACCESS ONTO THE SITE (N).

MULTIPLE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS ON BOTH SIDES WITH LIMITED OPENINGS, INCLUDING SOME RESTAURANTS/ CAFES THAT ARE IN CLOSE PROXIMITY.

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DIAGRAM: Fenestration Study

In addition to access and context around the site.

Another consideration for the project proposal is the fenestrations and frontages of neighbouring buildings. It is important to note that prior to the site being vacant, it housed the Carlton Inn, a pub with historic significance before its unlawful demolition. Due to these factors, the impact of the design proposal from an aesthetic point of view needs to address the surrounding context.

From the fenestration study, it can be seen that there are an assortment of building types within direct vicinity of the site and with that, an assortment of building frontages. Since the design proposal will be for a larger scale building, there can be opportunity to present a design that does not conform to the existing street scape. Instead, creating a landmark that will bring more people to the site.

6.6.3_RESEARCH //FENESTRATION STUDY 85

1. MAX BOUNDARY SETTING OUT THE MAXIMUM AVAILABLE BUILDING VOLUME

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DIAGRAM: Maximum Building Boundary

The building proposal needs to follow the local planning scheme regulations set by the local council. This includes the maximum allowable building volume. For the site, the maximum height for the building is 40m with a 24m maximum street edge height. Above this, a 6m setback is required. From these, the maximum boundary can be established for the building.

For the design proposal, since the site boundaries are roughly 20m x 20m. The site is quite restricting considering the desired program to be implemented. Therefore, the build volume needs to be used efficiently and maximised.

However, consideration needs to be taken for the building form to not be the result of only the building regulations.

6.4.1_CONCEPT //MAXIMUM BOUNDARY 87

2. LIGHT WELL EXTRACTION ALLOWING FOR NATURAL SUNLIGHT TO REACH THE BACK OF SITE AND ATRIUM SPACE

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DIAGRAM: Central Light Well

The building foot print presents quite a large floor plate. To allow light to penetrate through each level of the building, a light well is introduced.

Both as a means for light entry to each floor but also acting as an open central void to allow sight lines throughout the building. The core inspiration for the light well comes from the Nightingale 1 project.

Due to the constraints of the site boundaries, the size of the light well is limited to approximately 7m x 7m. The open void acts as a central gathering point for interactions between occupants and users of the building.

6.4.2_CONCEPT //CENTRAL LIGHT WELL 89

3. POTENTIAL VERTICAL CIRCULATION AREA ALLOWED FOR A LIFT CORE + STAIRWELL, INTEND TO PROVIDE PRIVATE ACCESS TO THE DWELLING LEVELS.

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DIAGRAM: Vertical Circulation

The vertical circulation for the building is placed adjacent to the light well, allowing views into the central space as well as protruding into the void.

The main circulation is placed towards the back of the site against the existing building to take advantage of the north and western sides of the building.

The predominant mode of vertical transport is a fire lift extending from the ground floor and servicing the upper dwellings in the building.

In addition to this, is the array of staircases connecting floors to other adjacent floors.

These provide opportunity for interactions and encounters between occupants. Since the height of the building is significant, it is expected that occupants use the lift to travel throughout the building.

Another key aspect is that the lift operates as a fire lift, removing the need to include a separate fire stairwell. This decision was made to increase the usable area across each floor.

6.4.3_CONCEPT //VERTICAL CIRCULATION 91

COMMUNITY HUB

4. COMMUNITY HUB EQUIPPING THE GROUND FLOOR LEVEL WITH SERVICES SUCH AS: CAFE/GALLERY/MAKER SPACE/ STUDY ROOMS/MEETING ROOMS/ FUNCTION ROOMS

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DIAGRAM: Community Hub

A core concept of the design proposal is the inclusion of a community hub within the podium of the building. This separates the core program of the building into dwellings above and community spaces below. This separation is in line with dividing the program into private and public functions.

Within the dwelling portion of the building, the aim is to create community housing, where residents are encouraged to interact and build a sense of community. This is supported by the facilities that will be provided by the building such as the communal laundry which reduces power and water consumption throughout the building as well as a community garden available only to residents to provide fresh produce and encourage community driven activities.

Within the podium, the community hub is situated. This is intended to service and provide for the wider community as well as the occupants of the building. In this community hub, a number of services and spaces are provided such as a cafe, gallery, maker space, function rooms, meeting rooms and study rooms. These provide amenities for the surrounding community and spaces for interaction.

6.4.5_CONCEPT //COMMUNITY HUB 93

1. BOUNDARY INTERSECTION MAXIMISE THE INTERSECTION VOLUME BETWEEN THE MODULE AND BOUNDARY GEOMETRY TO ENSURE MODELS ARE WITHIN THE BOUNDARY GEOMETRY.

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DIAGRAM: Dwelling Placement

Placement of the dwellings are determined through algorithmic form finding methods. The dwellings are arranged according to a number of conditions. These methods are discussed further in the computational development of the project.

The aim here was to demonstrate the possibilities that are available when using discrete architecture. Between methods of computational design and traditional design, discrete architecture is robust enough to be applied to either context. The more traditional approach to program rationalisation and design is seen within the podium of the building.

6.4.6_CONCEPT //DWELLING LOGIC 95

2. MODULE CLUSTERING DECREASE THE VOLUME OF THE BOUNDARY BOX SURROUNDING THE MODULES TO BRING THE MODULES CLOSER TOGETHER.

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DIAGRAM: Module Clustering

In order to generate the building form, one aspect that was considered was the way in which the dwellings are clustered throughout the upper portion of the building. It is important to consider how each dwelling is situated in respect to each other and the appropriate proximity between them.

6.4.7_CONCEPT //DWELLING CLUSTERING 97

3. SOLAR ANALYSIS MAXIMISE INCIDENT RADIATION ON SURFACES OF THE MODULES TO INCREASE AMOUNT OF NATURAL LIGHT ON THE MODULES.

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DIAGRAM: Solar Analysis

Another consideration is the incident solar radiation on each dwelling. This is the primary consideration for optimising the location of each dwelling. Since the site is unobstructed towards the north, it is appropriate to consider the opportunity that is available to optimise for sunlight within the building. It is also necessary to optimise in such a way to avoid the overshadowing of dwellings with other dwellings.

6.4.8_CONCEPT //DWELLING SOLAR ANALYSIS 99

4. STRUCTURAL TOPOLOGY MINIMISE THE STRUCTURE NEEDED TO SUPPORT THE MODULES TO THE GROUND.

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DIAGRAM: Structural Topology

After determining the optimal positions for each dwelling, structural topological optimisation is used to determine the most efficient way the dwellings can be supported throughout the building. The use of topological optimisation here demonstrates the ability of discrete architecture to achieve such a result.

6.4.9_CONCEPT //DWELLING STRUCTURAL TOPOLOGY 101

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For the podium program design, a more manual approach was undertaken. A number of key aspects were taken into consideration to produce the final program layout for the podium.

To begin with, basic massing was developed which was then refined.

DIAGRAM: Podium Program Rationalisation

The key considerations for the location of particular facilities of the community hub included; relationship between private and public spaces, circulation, security and access.

The core circulation was aimed to revolve around the central area of the podium to encourage the most interactions to occur. In addition, the podium consists of half floors, creating spaces between rooms and platforms at different levels.

Not only are the formal rooms usable but since, the entire podium is enclosed in the facade enclosure, the semi outdoor spaces on each level provides additional places for gathering, work or recreation.

Facilities such as the cafe, gallery and makerspace are located on the ground floor providing the most access to these public facilities. More private areas such as the study rooms and hireable function and meeting rooms are located on the upper levels of the podium.

Additionally, the main access to the upper floors is through the gallery or via lift. This is to regulate the access to the building and its facilities to desirable hours of the day.

6.5_PODIUM PROGRAM 103

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DIAGRAM: Room Typology

Each room typology is constructed from the discrete part forming the enclosure. Each type of room has a capacity based on the floor area as well as the function of the room. Some of these room types have multiple occurrences within the podium based on the space available in the podium. For example, there are two function rooms, three meeting rooms and eight study rooms. This equates to a total capacity of approximately 250 people within the podium at maximum capacity excluding the external gathering spaces.

It was important to rationalise each room type to understand how they fit together into the scheme of the podium and to ensure each room is allocated enough space to provide adequate services to the users.

6.6_ROOM TYPOLOGY 105

//END CONNECTION END JOINERY PIECES CONNECTED TO END AT EITHER STRAIGHT OR 90° ANGLES

//CARCASS THE CARCASS ELEMENTS SUPPORT THE INTERIOR OF THE PART AS WELL AS PROVIDE CONNECTION BETWEEN THE SHELL AND JOINERY DETAIL

//KERFING CORNERS SHEET PLYWOOD WRAPS AROUND THE CARCASS USING KERFING AT THE CORNERS

//SIDE CONNECTION

//EDGE DETAIL

JOINERY PIECES CONNECT THROUGH THE SHELL TO THE INTERIOR JOINERY CONNECTION

THE SEAM OF THE SHEET PLYWOOD IS CONNECTED USING SCARF JOINTS ALONG THE EDGE

//GROOVING THE CARCASS ELEMENTS ARE HELD IN PLACE BY A SERIES OF GROOVES PLACED ALONG THE LENGTH OF THE SHEET //CARCASS + JOINERY DETAIL

//KANE TSUGI JOINERY THIS JOINERY DETAIL ALLOWS FOR CONNECTIONS AT STRAIGHT OR RIGHT ANGLES, HELD IN PLACE WITH KEYS

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THE CONNECTION BETWEEN THE JOINERY PART AND CARCASS CONSISTS OF A SERIES OF WEDGES TO KEEP THE JOINERY PART IN PLACE

LEFT: Joint Connection Diagrams RIGHT: Part Exploded Isometric Drawing

The core part of the discrete aggregation has remained mostly unchanged from the development at midsemester as it was received quite well. Minor adjustments have been made to further improve the versatility of the part.

In particular, the joint has been refined further to accommodate 90° configurations. This is something that was limiting in the previous iteration to 180° configurations. With this addition, aggregations on the larger scale have more ability to join in a multitude of orientations.

6.7.1_PART 2.0 //TSUGITE V2 PART I 107

//200 UC 60 PART II ARE BUILT WITH COMMON UNIVERSAL COLUMN I-BEAMS

//WELDED STEEL CARCASS THE CARCASSES ARE MADE WITH STEEL WELDED TO THE I BEAM, ALIGNS TO THE SHEET PLY WOOD GROOVES.

//SHEET PLYWOOD REFERENCING PART I, THE SHEET MATERIAL IS SIMILAR BUT UP SCALED, TO MAINTAIN THE SIMILAR AESTHETICS AND ALLOWING FOR SERVICES TO RUN THROUGH.

//BOLTED JOINT CONNECTED WITH STEEL L CHANNELS AND BOLTS

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LEFT: Joint Connection Diagrams RIGHT: Part Exploded Isometric Drawing

In response to the criticisms received at the midsemester review, a second part was developed to address the concerns. The issues revolved around structural capacity of the part.

As the previous brief had specified for smaller scale buildings, large spanning elements were not considered as part of the proposal. Moving into this brief, however, there is a requirement for larger spans to be addressed as well as the larger scale vertical capabilities of the discrete architecture system.

Due to these concerns, the second part that was developed is centred around using a steel I-beam core to provide structural capacity to the part. The concept involves wrapping the steel member in the timber plywood cladding in a similar fashion to the original part to maintain the overall aesthetic of the discrete architecture.

The steel members are bolted together at connections to maintain the assembly and disassembly capabilities of the part as well.

This part constitutes the primary structure of the discrete aggregation with the original part providing secondary structure and enclosure to buildings. The width of the Part II is approximately 200mm, double that of the original part. The scaled up part results in lengths of up to 3m.

6.7.2_PART 2.0 //TSUGITE V2 PART II 109

1

2

3

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//MINI INFILLS

//REPLACEABLE PANELS

THE MINI INFILLS COVER THE SMALLER VOIDS TO CREATE AN AIR TIGHT SLAB STRUCTURE FOR DIFFERENT PURPOSES

THE PANELS ARE REPLACEABLE DEPENDING ON THE USE CASE

//ALUMINIUM FRAME THE FRAMES ARE CREATED FROM 4 DIFFERENT PARTS

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//BOLTS THE INFILLS ARE SECURED WITH CLAMPS, FASTENED BY BOLTS

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LEFT: Sub Part Construction Detail RIGHT: Sub Part Installation Drawing

In addition to the two primary parts, the part library for the discrete aggregation also includes infill panels which aid in enclosing the framework that the Part I and Part II provide. These sub parts remain unchanged from the midsemester review. Just as before, they provide the connection between the discrete architectural parts and off the shelf conventional materials.

6.7.3_PART 2.0 //TSUGITE V2 SUB PART 111

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IMAGE: Part Library Scale

The scale of the parts in relation to each other as well as to a person can be seen here. The smaller timber part can be handled and assembled by occupants and users of the space, allowing growth of the building to occur.

6.7.4_PART 2.0 //PART SCALE 113

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DIAGRAM: Planar Aggregation

The part logic here follows the same offset grid from the midsemester review, based off the connections available on the part. This offset grid pattern is extended across both parts which are used to form the enclosure of the buildings within the site. This is done computationally, with a script to generate the planar pattern and orient to the walls, roofs and floors of the buildings.

Since there is a large number of geometry being generated, a substitute is used in the Grasshopper script which contains simpler geometry. After the parts are positioned in the correct places, planes are used to orient blocks containing the more detailed geometry to the desired locations.

The blocks were created within Grasshopper using the Human plugin. This process reduces the overall file size and creates a much more efficient process. This is especially the case with discrete aggregation, as more parts are added.

The resulting file can contain upwards of tens of thousands of parts, therefore it is absolutely necessary to manage the process and develop efficient workflows.

6.8.1_LOGIC //PLANAR AGGREGATION 115

//PART VOLUME AGGREGATION USING A SET A CONNECTION RULES AND WASP STOCHASTIC AGGREGATION, THREE DIMENSIONAL FORM CAN BE AGGREGATED

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DIAGRAM: Volumetric Aggregation

In order to extend the aggregation into the third dimension, the Grasshopper plugin, Wasp was used to establish a set of connections and rules for the part. In order to maintain order within the three dimensional part aggregation, layers of the planar aggregation are stacked and connected with vertical elements. This forms the logic of the volumetric discrete aggregation.

An advantage of generating aggregations using Wasp is that part geometries that are aggregated do not intersect with each other, forming an overall aggregation with geometries that do not clash with each other.

6.8.2_LOGIC //VOLUMETRIC AGGREGATION 117

//TOPOLOGICAL MESH

//AGGREGATION

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DIAGRAM: Discrete Aggregation

The aggregation is able to fill boundary geometry provided to the script and additional rules were established to allow Part I to join with Part II. In order for this to aggregate correctly, the Part II primary structure needs to be aggregated first, with the Part I aggregation building off the existing model and parts.

Just as with the previous planar aggregation script, working with the large number of parts is computationally taxing, so simple geometries were initially used to generate the aggregation with blocks being substituted in afterwards.

The use of blocks allows mass customisation across the parts, changes that need to be made can be done quickly and efficiently.

6.8.3_LOGIC //DISCRETE AGGREGATION 119

//BOUNDARY DEFINITION ESTABLISH RULES AND BOUNDARIES FOR PLACEMENT OF DWELLINGS WITHIN THE BOUNDARY

//SOLAR OPTIMISATION OPTIMISE PLACEMENT OF DWELLINGS IN RELATION TO SOLAR CONSIDERATIONS. ADDITIONAL PARAMETERS INCLUDE: BOUNDARY CONDITIONS BOUN ROOM SPREAD GEOMETRY COLLISIONS

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//MANUAL ADJUSTMENT POST OPTIMISATION ADJUSTMENT TO ACHIEVE DESIRED RESULT. PASS THROUGH SOLAR ANALYSIS AGAIN TO ENSURE EFFICIENCIES ARE MAINTAINED

DIAGRAM: Solar Optimisation

levels were established to restrict the vertical by changing the scale of the number value. movement of dwellings to half levels.

Since Galapagos aims to maximise the value as much as possible, higher scaled number values The fitness is a numerical value that represents present more change to the fitness value than the desired target characteristics to be solved. lower scaled number values.

Galapagos can aim to minimise or maximise the fitness value. In this script, the fitness value After allowing Galapagos to generate a number of iterations of dwelling placements, the most was maximised. desirable iteration is selected and further Each fitness condition can be manipulated to tweaked manually to ensure the dwellings are in In order to create the aggregation, the bounding create the desired outcome. For example the the desired locations. This is then analysed and geometry needs to be determined. This process fitness conditions used for this project included refined again through the solar radiation plugin, Ladybug and Galapagos to ensure the fitness of establishing the placements of dwellings the following: conditions are still optimised. will inform where the aggregation needs to be - Solar incident radiation values were summed generated. and maximised to achieve the most incident To begin with, the boundary conditionals are sunlight on the dwellings. established on site, as well as the geometry that needs to be placed. For this process, - Volume of the intersection between the the Grasshopper evolutionary solver plugin, dwellings and the boundary geometry was Galapagos was used for optimisation of these maximised to ensure the dwellings remain within the boundary. dwellings.

For Galapagos to operate correctly, two key components are required, the genome and fitness. The genome connects to a series of sliders that allow Galapagos to control and change parameters.

- Volume of the union between dwellings was maximised to reduce intersections between dwellings.

- Volume of the bounding box around the dwellings was minimised to reduce the spread The parameters that were adjusted were the of dwellings and consume less material in XYZ locations of each dwelling as well as its structural support. orthogonal orientation. Slider increments were reduced to increase the speed and efficiency It was also discovered that these fitness of the optimisation. Additionally, set floor conditions can have a level of hierarchical control

6.9.1_OPTIMISATION// SOLAR OPTIMISATION 121

//OPTIMISED DWELLING PLACEMENT DWELLING PLACEMENTS FROM SOLAR OPTIMISATION USED TO DETERMINE THE STRUCTURAL TOPOLOGICAL OPTIMISATION

//TOPOLOGICAL OPTIMISATION STRUCTURAL TOPOLOGICAL OPTIMISATION BETWEEN DWELLINGS TO DETERMINE PLACEMENT OF AGGREGATION

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//AGGREGATION STRUCTURAL PART AGGREGATED THROUGHOUT TOPOLOGICAL MESH TO FORM BUILDING STRUCTURE

DIAGRAM: Topological Optimisation + Aggregation

Once the dwelling placement is determined, the next stage of optimisation can commence. From here, structural topological optimisation is used to generate the most efficient structure with the least amount of volume. This is to reduce the amount of parts and aggregation needed to support the building. In addition, this also increases the amount of sunlight accessible to the building to the voids created in the structure.

The topological optimisation is generated using Topos. This allows controls over parameters such as optimisation iterations and mesh density to achieve the desired result. In order to more easily generate the topology, the building was separated into layers of dwellings and optimised individually with dwellings acting as support and loads in various instances. These were then joined together to form the overall result.

The resulting mesh is then used to generate the aggregation using the previous Wasp aggregation logic. Although the process of reaching the aggregation is extensive, alterations can be made along the way and be updated at each stage since the scripts have been prepared for each optimisation and aggregation.

6.9.2_OPTIMISATION //STRUCTURAL TOPOLOGICAL OPTIMISATION 123

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DIAGRAM: Podium Program

In contrast to the computational approach of the dwellings, the logic behind the podium program and placement follows a more traditional approach and design development.

The placement of these functions at ground floor allow maximum access for users. The cafe, gallery and makerspace are the most public facilities within the project and therefore would provide the most benefit at this level.

6.10.1_PROGRAM //PODIUM 125

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DIAGRAM: Podium Program

Located above the ground floor, still within the podium are the study rooms, meetings rooms and function rooms. These provide a more private function to users and therefore are not directly accessible from the ground floor.

6.10.2_PROGRAM //PODIUM 127

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DIAGRAM: Podium Enclosure

The entire podium is enclosed in a facade enclosure consisting of the discrete aggregation and glass infill panels. This allows light into the podium while enclosing it to create a semi indoor environment within.

6.10.3_PROGRAM //PODIUM ENCLOSURE 129

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DIAGRAM: Podium Rooftop

Above the podium, the communal garden is situated as well as the communal laundry facilities. These exclusively service the occupants of the building and encourage the sense of community within the building.

6.10.4_PROGRAM //PODIUM ROOFTOP 131

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DIAGRAM: Vertical Circulation

The vertical circulation connects all the floors to each other allowing interactions and encounters between residents. The open nature of the circulation allows sight lines throughout the building.

6.10.5_PROGRAM //VERTICAL CIRCULATION 133

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DIAGRAM: Dwellings

Each dwelling is designed to accommodate singles or couples based on the research conducted in the area. Within each dwelling, occupants are provided with living amenities aside from the communal laundry which reduces the water and electricity usage.

6.10.6_PROGRAM //DWELLINGS 135

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DIAGRAM: Building Isometric

In the overall scheme of the building, the separation between the dwellings and podium area is necessary to develop the internal community as well as provide security. The community hub provides public facilities for the general public to access.

The overall aggregation of the building consists predominantly of the two parts varying in scale to produce an overall varied aesthetic.

6.10.7_PROGRAM //ISOMETRIC 137

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DIAGRAM: Part Prototype Model

The prototype model for the parts will be constructed from CNC milled plywood and then assembled. The new joint was split into layers to be joined together, forming the three dimensional solid joint. This is in order to overcome the limitations associated with the 4-axis CNC router. Additionally, for the prototype model, the I-beam will be constructed from timber and represent its steel counterpart.

6.11.1_PROTOTYPE MODEL //CONSTRUCTION 139

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DIAGRAM: Part CNC Nesting

These parts are modelled and nested onto a 1200mm x 2400mm sheet of plywood. Tool pathing needs to be generated for the operation of the CNC router. Additionally, inner openings need dogbones cut due to the radius of the router. Once all pieces are cut, the prototype model will be assembled.

6.11.2_PROTOTYPE MODEL //CNC MILLING 141

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DRAWING: Site Plan

The final set of documentation drawings illustrate various aspects of the building proposal.

This site plan shows the entrances to the ground floor and surrounding context. The entrances on site lead to the central void space where users can access the buildings on the ground floor.

6.12.1_FINAL OUTCOME //SITE PLAN 143

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DRAWING: Ground Plan

The ground floor plan shows the program and access to the main buildings in the podium.

Access for occupants of the building are able to access the resident elevator from the northern side of the site. Access to the upper floors of the podium is through the gallery. This allows the regulation of visitors to the podium upper floors after hours.

Both the gallery and makerspace contain mezzanine levels which extend the space further. The gallery is a hireable space for public exhibitions as well as generally presenting work on display. The makerspace gives users access to facilities for fabricating and making. The staff can provide training and inductions for users of the space.

6.12.2_FINAL OUTCOME //GROUND FLOOR PLAN 145

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DRAWING: First Floor Plan

The first floor gives access to the function rooms as well as a study room. Above this, the remaining meeting rooms and study rooms are located. It can also be noted that outside of the formal spaces, intermittent spaces can be used for study, work or socialisation.

6.12.3_FINAL OUTCOME //FIRST FLOOR PLAN 147

IMAGE: Interior Podium Visualisation

Within the space, users are able to have clear sight lines across the voids increasing the chance for encounters. Natural lighting is able to access the podium through the enclosure facade.

6.12.4_FINAL OUTCOME //INTERIOR PODIUM VISUALISATION 149

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DRAWING: Section Diagram

The lighting quality can be seen throughout the vertical voids of the building. It can be seen that the enclosure separates the community hub inside the podium from the community housing above, with the communal facilities sitting at the podium roof level.

6.12.5_FINAL OUTCOME //SECTION DIAGRAM 151

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DRAWING: Section

The vertical relationship between rooms can be seen within this section. Throughout the building, rooms are only restricted to half levels, blurring the boundaries between the levels. It can also be noticed that the lift does not service every half floor. This means a number of dwellings are not wheelchair accessible. However there is equal distribution across the dwellings between accessible and non accessible dwellings, therefore, the necessary dwellings will be provided to those in need of accessibility.

6.12.6_FINAL OUTCOME //SECTION 153

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DRAWING: Typical Floor Plan

The typical floor plan in the dwelling portion of the building depicts a number of dwellings.

Each dwelling is located on different half levels accessible via staircase or pathway to the lift.

The lighting quality within each dwelling can also be seen.

6.12.7_FINAL OUTCOME //TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN 155

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DRAWING: Dwelling Plan

Within each dwelling, occupants are provided with the necessary amenities. The dwelling is intended to house singles or couples.

6.12.8_FINAL OUTCOME //DWELLING PLAN 157

IMAGE: Interior Dwelling Visualisation

In order for natural lighting to permeate through the dwelling, internal openings are used in the bedroom. From the interior, the part aggregation is exposed and the offset pattern can be seen.

6.12.9_FINAL OUTCOME //INTERIOR DWELLING VISUALISATION 159

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DRAWING: Northern Elevation

The external elevation depicts the relationship of the building to the surrounding buildings in terms of height and proximity. There is opportunity for vegetation to be present in areas of the aggregation.

6.12.10_FINAL OUTCOME //NORTHERN ELEVATION 161

IMAGE: Final Outcome Visualisation

Overall, the final outcome of the building successfully demonstrates the capabilities of discrete architecture in a building proposal where conventional construction methods would be less appropriate. The resolution across the building reached a level that illustrates the program and use of the building.

A great deal was learned through developing the aggregation in terms of computational workflows and efficiencies necessary for the models to function. Additionally, the various methods of computational analysis and optimisation allowed the form to be explored in a different way to what typical projects entail.

The difficulty in these processes is translating computational information and form into rationalised architecture. There were definitely struggles in this area to fully rationalise certain aspects of the project. However, the final outcome is still successful as the key aspects have been rationalised and refined.

6.13_REFLECTION 163

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Over the course of the subject, a great deal was learnt. Looking back upon each development stage, certain aspects could have been improved. However, the progress built over the course of the semester culminated into the final outcome which is a successful achievement regardless.

//7.0_REFLECTION 165

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Throughout the semester, there were a number of points of great challenge that needed to be overcome to continue until end. For me these points of struggle occurred when I was unable to find a direction or pathway I was satisfied with to continue on. With each critical juncture that would determine the course of the rest of the project direction and semester, there was a hurdle to overcome.

dimensional aggregation logic. This allowed us to move on from the obstruction to continue to develop our project.

Overall, the learning curve in terms of understanding discrete architecture and implementing computational design methods with architectural rationalisation was a challenging one throughout semester. However, to reach the end and see what was achieved The initial hurdle came with the part design. At leaves me satisfied. I enjoyed overcoming the the beginning of semester, discrete architecture struggles that we faced throughout the subject. and what it entailed was not entirely familiar It is fulfilling to see the progress that was made to me. In order to design and develop the part, from the beginning of semester until the end. there was such a wide scope of possibilities it was quite overwhelming and easy to get lot in an assortment of ideas. It was difficult however, to establish a strong idea that would allow us pursue for the rest of the semester. Eventually with time and each of us in the group pursuing ideas that interested us, we were able to merge these together and establish a part design.

Another point of difficulty was defining the logic for the part to expand into three dimensions.

The challenge with this was establishing a way for the existing connections to function in more that just a planar aggregation. We needed to overcome this as it limited us in progressing further. A compromise was reached to simplify the three dimensional logic and instead pursue complexity in form. I think this was a good choice given the time constraints of the project and the difficulty we had in trying to comprehend a three

7.1_REFLECTION 167

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Throughout the course of the semester, a number of individuals made it possible to complete the subject to a high standard. These include my tutors Darcy Zelenko and Danny Ngo, who were able to provide support and guidance whenever was needed. I also extend my acknowledgements to my teammate, Enoch Fung, who was enjoyable to work with. Together we were able to produce the work to a high standard of which we were both satisfied with.

7.2_ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 169

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