Ebony
Table of contents ❏ The South is Still Becoming More Dangerous for Black Americans by Bryan Guess - pages 3-4 ❏ The New Age of Music by Sophie Nims - pages 5-6 ❏ The Harlem Renaissance by Sandrea Dancy pages. 8-9 ❏ The Great Migration by Ashley Pederson pages 11-12 ❏ Challenges in Life by Olivia Zastrow - pages 14-15 ❏ The Trials and Tribulations of Blacks in America Editorial - pages 17-18 ❏ Sources pages 19-20
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The South Still Becoming More Dangerous for Black Americans. By: Bryan Guess
The KKK is growing, segregation is still common,and race relations are still tense. The Klan rises again, as much as prohibition affected the entire nation.The Klan included many respectable, during the Roaring Twenties it was a milder group.Many Americans,especially those who believed modern life was sweeping away all the traditional values that were important to them.The Klan was not just a group for poor, uneducated Americans.In the 1920’s ,the Klan included many respectable, middle-class Americans who owned homes and made good livings. It happened in Harlem, racial segregation could be seen in all aspects of American life.”White only” sign were everywhere.African Americans brought their own business and institutions with them, only whites were allowed as customer.Between 1900 and 1920, the number of African American in Harlem double.The area,which was only 3 square miles (4.8 square kilometers) in size, had nearly 175,000 residents, making it the largest concentration of black people in the world at 3 that time.African Americans brought their own businesses and institutions with them.
The South still becoming more dangerous for black Americans. (cont.) Race relations: A legal definition of color, was a native-born American of pure Chinese extraction and “without any drop of Negro blood”.. All white school was not a violation of the “separate but equal” doctrine. After mississippi state courts ruled against Lum, the U.S.Preserving the “Lily-White”School.State education officials replied that all public schools in Mississippi were segregated institutions by law and that individuals of Chinese extraction must be classified as “non-white”. Since students of the “Mongolian race” were so race in Mississippi, it would be impractical for the state to build schools for their exclusive benefit.
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The New Age of Music By Sophie Nims It is a cold winter’s day in 1924 and you are headed to a concert. Not just any concert, but the world premiere of George Gershwin’s Rhapsody in Blue. Enlisted by the famous jazz bandleader Paul Whiteman, this new concert piece has high expectations. You sit down in the comfy red chairs, awaiting from the show to start. The curtain soon rises and the piece begins. This new sound of music is nothing you or anyone else has heard before. When the piece ends there is a standing ovation by everyone in the audience. Gershwin’s Rhapsody in Blue has risen up as one of America’s most popular concert pieces by mixing the old with the new. Gershwin combined elements of jazz with the feeling of blues into his traditional concert piece. The blues have been around for decades, but what is jazz and how is it changing our music? Jazz is changing our music by reforming the way we listen and play songs. Jazz music first arose early in this century in New Orleans. Unlike our classic blues music, jazz is much more joyous and upbeat. Jazz also includes improvisation in its pieces. It was at first only enjoyed by middle class blacks but has now risen up the charts and is enjoyed by all. But how did jazz music spread so fast? In 1916, the Great Migration happened. The Great Migration was many blacks moving up north because of new job opportunities during WWI. African-Americans then spread jazz music to people up north.
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The New Age of Music (Cont.) Now, jazz music is enjoyed by white people and more. Jazz is commonly being played in speakeasies today. The new inventions of the phonograph and the radio have helped attract new audiences to jazz music. One example of white people playing jazz music is Rhapsody in Blue. The new concert piece is written by George Gershwin who was hired by Paul Whiteman, both white men. Jazz is fun, upbeat new musical form that is here to stay. It takes aspects of past forms of music and creates a new sound. Jazz is changing America music by making us rethink of how we write and listen to music. We haven’t heard music like this in years and this may become one of our most popular versions of music ever. Jazz is the present and future of music.
(Above) Jazz cornetist Bix Beiderbecke poses for a photograph in Davenport, Iowa. (Below) Jazz singer and dancer Josephine Baker holds her dog on her shoulders in Paris
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The Harlem Renaissance By Sandrea Dancy
Harlem renaissance is outstanding creativity in black culture. Africans americans celebrate their experience being black through literature art music and performance.African american arts are flourishing through harlem. Harlem renaissance is a process black writers are publishing books and black artist are seeing their work being displayed. Black composers artist and singer are going to a national average with their music. Everyone in harlem are experiencing an creative flow of creativity. Harlem is filled with young doing arts such as painting singing writing and acting.The creativity combined with the wealth by big business helped the city assume a position. As the the cultural capital as american black arts beginning spreading it becoming known as the harlem resonance. Jazz disobeyed many musical convention with syncopated rhymes and improvised instrumental solos. Thousands of people from harlem went night after night to see the same performers. Harlem cotton club are boasting the the talents of Duke ellington and many other musicians like Bessie smith, Billie Holiday, 8
Jelly Roll Morton and Louis Armstrong. Billie Holiday and Bessie smith are popularizing blues with jazz vocals. Jelly Roll Morton and Louis armstrong draws huge audience and with armstrong and morton music they mare making whites and as well as african americans catch jazz fever. The most prolific writer of Harlem is Laughton Hughes.Hughes is casting off the influences of white poets and is writing with the rhythmic meter of blues and jazz. Claude mckay is urging african american to stand up for their rights in his powerful verses. Zora neale Hurston is telling african american women struggles through her writing.Harlem renaissance has a big impact on african american success writers, poets, Musicians, and singers are impacting the streets of Harlem and the people of Harlem.
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The Great Migration By Ashley Pederson It’s the start of the 1900’s, and 1914 has came along the United States is facing hard problems right now a lot of the problems are down in the south, where most of the African-American population is living in the United States. Right now, they are experiencing problems like poverty, segregation, discrimination, political corruption, and unequal rights. Due to these problems about 1.6million African- Americans have left the South to move North. A big reason the South was facing these problems for African-Americans was because of the Jim crow laws, the Jim Crow laws made it so blacks couldn’t participate in any white activities that were going on, people say that as long as the Jim Crow laws still apply that means there is more segregation that is going on in the South. Since African-Americans were dealing with all of these problems in the South, a lot of them decided they were going to move to the North, to find better jobs, more equal rights and were in search of better life styles. African- americans also knew that jobs paid better up in the North, but it was hard to find work up in the North, until WW1 when Americans went to fight African-Americans came to the North to fill in for their jobs, because the war also drove out a lot of the Europeans making there be more work for African-Americans. Some of them were making up to $4.50 but some of them were making as low as $2.50, it was better than what they were making in the South 11 though.
The Great Migration (Cont.) The first few year of the 1900’s a lot of the immigration population came from Eastern, and Southern Europe, a lot of them choose to move to Cleveland, Chicago, Detroit, and Philadelphia these places were very popular for immigrants to migrate to because it had better conditions for them, like more equal rights even though they still weren't 100% equal. When African-American farmers, unskilled Laborers and domestics left the South they found more work in the North. In 1920 After the African-Americans had moved to the North before the war to find better work lives, and better lifestyles, they noticed it wasn’t much better than it was down in the South it was hard for them to find work because of all of the European immigrants that were migrating to the United States at a rapid rate, taking a lot of the jobs, African-Americans didn’t start to find work in the North until World War 1 getting rid of a lot of Europeans, and stopping them from migrating to the United States. Another reason they ended up moving back to the South at first was because they couldn’t compete with whites.The stock market just crashed in 1929 causing the Great Migration to come to an end, because black labor up north was stopped. -.-
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Ashley’s political cartoon
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Challenges in Life By Olivia Zastrow Why do we treat blacks differently? They are human beings just like you and me. So why do we treat them like they are below everyone else? Reasons to show this are: the many different challenges blacks have to face. Blacks are not being treated equally. There are also many race riots against blacks that they have to deal with. These reasons show that blacks face many challenging things in their lives compared to other people. Today there are many challenges faced by blacks. People don’t treat them equally, they treat them like they are below everyone else. Jim Crow Laws were made to make segregation legal. They made racial segregation in public places like,restaurants, bars, and theaters. This separates blacks from other races in these areas. Another challenge that blacks face is getting jobs. Many blacks moved from the South to the North in hope of getting jobs. It is hard for them because so many laws are saying what they can and can not do, and they can’t do that much. Their education is not very good because of these laws. A black physician named doctor Sweet lived in a neighborhood with his family. The neighbors did not treat them well. They threatened him and his family and threw rocks at them and their house. The neighbors also did acts of vandalism to the house. White youths attacked two of Dr. Sweets’ brothers in the streets of their neighborhood. Gunshots were heard in the house and one white rioter was dead. Charges were made but then dropped because the shots were an act of self-defense. There is no reason for this man and his family to be treated like this. This 14 shows that blacks are not being treated equally.
In cities and towns, whites riot against blacks. They see them as not equal, so they treat them like that too. In the Tulsa Race Riot, a black man was accused of harassing a white woman. He then got arrested for this. A white mob wanted to lynch the black man for doing this. Blacks and whites started fighting and in the end 75 blacks died and 10 whites died. In conclusion, blacks face many challenges and riots today in their lives. They face discrimination, just like Dr. Sweet and his family, and they face many intense riots.
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political cartoon
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The Trials and Tribulations of Blacks in America By Sophie Nims, Sandrea Dancy, Ashley Pederson, Bryan Guess, and Olivia Zastrow African-Americans have been going through a lot of hard times with segregation, unequal rights, and more until recently with World War 1. Black Americans lifestyles are beginning to get better with more equal rights for them, and better jobs helping with better life styles for them. African Americans are achieving success through art forms but are still facing hardships due to segregation and the KKK. One of the main ways the blacks have achieved success is through the musical form jazz. Jazz has spread from the south to become one of the most popular styles of music in America. Jazz music is now being enjoyed by people of all races and ages. Jazz will be enjoyed for generations to come because of how upbeat and fun it is. Jazz is very different from previous music from it’s happy tones to the use of improvisation which is it is very popular. The Harlem Renaissance has shown outstanding creativity in black culture. Africans americans celebrate their experience being black through literature art music and performance. Black writers publish books and black artist see their work are displayed. Black composers artist and singer express themselves through their music and reach people's hearts. African americans use their creativity to express their hardships and got people attention with their creativity and brought them success. With all of the troubles African-Americans were facing down in the South, a lot of them decided that they wanted more equal rights and better life styles for themselves. Therefore, many African-Americans decided to move up to the North. In the North they were treated with more equal rights then they had in the South. A lot of them got jobs up in the North that would be paying them up to $4.50. Some were paid was as low as $2.50 African-Americans that had moved up to the North but couldn’t find work most likely decided to move back to the south. In the South though there was poverty, segregation, bad lifestyles, low paying jobs, and many more unfair rights. These problems were mostly the cause 17 of why 1.6 million African Americans had moved to the North.
The Trials and Tribulations of Blacks in America (Cont) Even now, the KKK is growing, segregation is still common, and race relations are still tense. The Klan rises again, as much as prohibition affected the entire nation.The Klan included many respectable, during the Roaring Twenties it was a milder group.Many Americans,especially those who believed modern life was sweeping away all the traditional values that were important to them.The Klan was not just a group for poor, uneducated Americans. African Americans are still facing many challenges today. They are discriminated by many and not treated equally. Whites, that are immigrants themselves, have race riots discriminating blacks in the streets of towns. Blacks also have a harder time getting jobs. They don’t have very strong educations due to laws like the Jim Crow Laws. Segregation laws also made life hard for blacks because it separates them from most people and they don’t have the same rights as everyone. During this decade, African-Americans have been treated good and bad due to social status, talent, and race. How African-Americans are treated is all due to us and we need to change our bad behavior. The success they have received is good but the hate they have gotten is not. It is up to us to treat black Americans with respect and kindness. 18
Sources Works Cited (Bryan Guess) Bondi, Victor. American Decades: 1930-1939. Detroit, Gale Research, 1995. Domina, Lynn. The Harlem Renaissance. Santa Barbara, Greenwood, an imprint of ABC-CLIO, 2015. LuĚˆsted, Marcia Amidon, and Jennifer K. Keller. The Roaring Twenties: Discover the Era of Prohibition, Flappers, and Jazz. White River Junction, Nomad Press, 2014. Works Cited (Sophie Nims) Angel, Ann, et al. America in the 20th Century. North Bellmore, Marshall Cavendish, 1995. AP Images. Associated Press, 2018. Accessed 30 Oct. 2018. Feinstein, Stephen. The 1920s. New York, Enslow Publishing, 2016. This Fabulous Century. Alexandria, Time-Life Books, 1987. Yancey, Diane. Life during the Roaring Twenties. San Diego, Lucent Books, 2002. Works Cited (Sandrea Dancy) Hart, Diane, and Bert Bower. History Alive!: Pursuing American Ideals. Student edition. ed., Rancho Cordova, Teachers' Curriculum Institute, 2013. Haskins, James. The Harlem Renaissance. Brookfield, Millbrook Press, 1996. Hill, Laban Carrick. Harlem Stomp!: A Cultural History of the Harlem Renaissance. New York, Little, Brown, 2003. http://www.ushistory.org/us/46e.asp U.S.A. 1920s. Danbury, Grolier, 2005.
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Sources (Cont.) Works Cited (Ashley Pederson) Hart, Diane, and Bert Bower. History Alive!: Pursuing American Ideals. Student edition. ed., Rancho Cordova, Teachers' Curriculum Institute, 2013. Hill, Laban Carrick. Harlem Stomp!: A Cultural History of the Harlem Renaissance. New York, Little, Brown, 2009. Hillstrom, Kevin. The Progressive Era. Detroit, Lucent Books, a part of Gale, Cengage Learning, 2009. Isserman, Maurice. Journey to Freedom: The African-American Great Migration. New York, Facts on File, 1997. The Roaring Twenties. Rodney P. Carlisle, 1923. 1 vols. the Roaring Twenties 1. U.S.A. 1920s. Vol. 2, Danbury, Grolier, 2005. 6 vols. Works Cited (Olivia Zastrow) Hanson, Erica. The 1920s. San Diego, Lucent Books, 1999. Hart, Diane, and Bert Bower. History Alive!: Pursuing American Ideals. Student edition. ed., Rancho Cordova, Teachers' Curriculum Institute, 2013. U.S.A. 1920s. Danbury, Grolier, 2005.
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