Urban and Architectural Works Sample

ENTREPRENEURIAL TECH-ED.

USING TECHNOLOGY TO FUEL INCOME GENERATION EDUCATION IN RURAL GHANA Thesis Project, Spring 2013 - Fall 2013, Adviser: Jan Wampler

This thesis investigates how decentralized development occurs on a national level through integrating small-scale technology hubs into the rural West African secondary school system. This model redefines development in Ghana by establishing a programmatic fusion between education and tech-entrepreneurialism. Encouraging a decentralized approach to regional development with satellite tech-hubs linked with school campuses, the design formulates a platform for funding Ghanaian education. By re-envisioning the secondary school as a technology and innovation research campus, the thesis becomes a site for testing new programmatic relationships in order to create a self-sustaining, entrepreneurial education model and technology-centered secondary school. This ‘teched’ design prototype advocates for education reform by designing the liaison between the trending multi-billion dollar tech hubs of developing countries and the destitute educational system of Sub-Saharan Africa.

Modern day Africa is booming. Not only is it the fastest growing market for mobile phone technology, but it is home to 11 of the 20 fastest growing economies in the world. Of the leading African economies, Ghana is at the forefront in economic and technological development with economic growth at 14.3% in 2011, making it the strongest-grossing country in Africa and one of the fastest-growing economies in the world. Despite the economic growth, development is limited to the southern region near the capital of Accra, causing severe urban migration of impoverished rural Ghanaians seeking employment opportunities. Hope City, a $10 billion tech-hub with aim to “foster technological growth and attract major players in the global ICT industry”, contributes to this centralized economic approach that encourages southern migration and prevents nationally distributed development, especially concerning employment and education.

With development occurring in southern region of Ghana, the rest of the nation struggles with the lack of educational resources, low literacy rates, extreme poverty, and high unemployment. Rural areas are especially susceptible, where infrastructures and resources make education lacking or non-existent. Idealistic urban metropolis projects like Hope City create a city that is socially and economically removed from the rest of the nation. This thesis investigates the possibility of an intermediate solution that acts as a liaison between these large, urban tech-hubs and destitute, rural schools.

SELECTED DESIGN WORKS | Massachusetts Institute of Technology M. Arch

Africa is the fastest growing market for mobile phones, with the number of mobile phone subscriptions increasing from 16 million to a half -billion in just one decade. This exponential increase in the telecommunications market is allowing many African countries to leapfrog decades of technologies in developed countries. The first submarine communications cable linking Africa was established in 2002, and in the last decade the amount of cable connections and available bandwidth has vastly increased.

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SAT 3/SAFE

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SAT 3/SAFE Seacom MaiN OnE

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SAT 3/SAFE Seacom MaiN OnE GLO-1

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EASSy WACS ACE

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The growth of submarine communications cables (providing mobile phone access and internet connection) across the African continent from 2002 to 2012.

DEVELOPMENT : URBAN METROPOLIS | SOUTHERN MIGRATION

DEVELOPMENT: RURAL DISTRIBUTION | DECENTRALIZED NON-MIGRATORY

The current southern migration patterns of Ghanaians and the proposed transition of the decentralized satellite distribution of small-scale tech hubs

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A chart showing the costs of education and enrollment rates across Ghana

Currently in Ghana, the government spends little funding on education past junior high. Secondary school (equivalent to high school) students are met with challenges in order to attend school, as most families cannot afford to pay the expensive student fees and costs of uniforms, books, and sometimes necessary dormitory expenses for children living outside of their home village. This causes the extremely low enrollment rates, as low as 11.2% of children attending secondary school in the Brong Ahafo region. The cost of sending one child to secondary school is 25% of the average family income, making it nearly impossible for parents to support their children’s education. In rural areas schools are very scarce, limiting the option for kids to attend unless they move to another village with a school, adding an extra financial burden. Students are often responsible for their own living expenses, including school uniforms, food, fees, supplies and books. With little funding or governmental support, quality of education in Ghana struggles to meet goals of necessary improvement.

The collective campus creates a space where professionals, local community members and students interact around education, agricultural production, and an entrepreneurial system that supports the local economy. This creates opportunities for the local farmers to be more connected and have access to outside markets.

Mobile applications allow farmers across regions to learn more productive farming methods, from the best time to harvest, to new cultivation techniques and how to access fluctuating market prices to sell their crops at the right time for the right price.

NE W LONGORO | AGRICULTURE EXPORTS

AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY SKILLSET

By introducing agricultural production for DESS, the crops themselves become a platform for testing new software development and a cash crop production used to generate income to support the school. Each of the proposed crops are catered to ones that already exist and thrive in the region, including the ‘superfood’ Moringa plant, mangoes, yam, cassava, as well as introducing bamboo groves that once reaches maturity will act as a building material for the village that can also be exported to other villages in the region. This serves as another means of income generation for the development of the selfsustaining school. The three classrooms have testing lab rooms that each process and study a different product: (1)Moringa plants, (2) mushrooms, (3) honey and beeswax. Each type of plant processing delivers a vast amount of products that allow for potential income generation for the students of DESS.

EX-JR ACTIVATION

SELECTED DESIGN WORKS | Massachusetts Institute of Technology M. Arch

RECONSTRUCTING VILLAGES ALONG THE EX-JR LINE IN MINAMI SANRIKU, JAPAN [POST-DISASTER JAPAN 3.11 INITIATIVE]

Once home to thriving fishing community, the village of Minami Sanriku is now only a village of scattered debris, remnants of housing foundations, and an optimistic community that awaits the return of their livlihood. Almost a year after the tsunami of March 11, 2011, Japan is battling the aftermath of disaster. For the displaced residents of the Minato region, the government has proposed moving the small villages to the high peaked mountains surrounding the valley where the tsunami swept away their homes and businesses. Although moving to the mountains would prevent a future tsnuami-destruction, the villagers highly object as they would not have access to same fishing resources to continue their fishing businesses. This proposal seeks to find a median between building on the low ground in the valley and establishing a new mountain-top city by designing a new village for Minato Sanriku that caters to both the interests of the villagers and the protection of the water.

To allow for repopulating this low-land recreation line as the new ground for Minami Sanriku, the public-oriented programs are built alongside a 10 meter high sea wall that the Japanese government has plans to construct. This sea wall provides protection for the lower valley land in the case of natural disaster occurrence and also becomes the fourth faรงade of the public programs. The design of the already-proposed seawall will allow the possibility for the wall to be less obtrusive and gain the approval of the local residents. This is achieved by making the sea wall part of the public programs, where the wall is punctured to allow views to the water. The seawall becomes interactive and almost like a building itself, containing all of the heavy structural and infrastructural elements, as well as some circulation that pierces through and runs alongside the seawall.

The new recreation path weaves around the site to allow direct access into the public programs and sea wall. It is a constructed pathway that both bridges and tunnels underneath of Highway 45 at different areas in the site. The ex-JR line is emphasized by the digging of a channel in its original footprint, creating a reminiscent memorial that filters water from the high ground to the low ground to irrigate the agriculture fields that inhabit the low land. The main channel and a series of vertical access shafts drill through the ground and allow runoff water to descend into the underground channel. In the existing ex JR-line tunnel, this is a means of collecting water for the fields while also providing direct sunlight into the tunnel and the public bathhouses that are only accessible from underground inside the recreation path tunnel.

1 Housing Development 2 Public Bathhouses 3 Bridge to Bathhouses 4 Kelp Processing Center 5 Internal Boat Harbor 6 Government Seawall 7 Agriculture Market 8 Aquaculture Market 9 Highway 45

10 Pre-3.11 Foundations 11 Parking 12 Recreation Path 13 Ex-JR Irrigation System 14 Cedar Farm 15 Bamboo Forest 16 Wheat Field 17 Barley Field 18 Rice Patties 19 Retention Pond

Local Site Plan featuring the zoomed-in ex-JR

At the regional scale, the new ground strategy activates a series of villages along a recreation path, joining industrial and commercial programs and encouraging both locals and tourists to inhabit. Due to the close proximity of the recreation line and the existing highway, these two paths of intertwining circulation will allow neighboring villages to interact on a regional level. The population density that will surround the recreation line will allow for growth and future land development through a concentric typology.

At the local scale on the site in Minami Sanriku, density occurs between the two existing tunnels that the recreation line runs through. These two thresholds provide an extreme tension between dark, enclosed program that exists within the tunnel (a series of public bathhouses) and well-lit, expansive program that branches out from the recreation line. The ground between the two tunnels is low-land and falls below the 17meter line where the tsunami destroyed the pre-existing village. This creates a bowl-like condition, as elevation decreases between the two tunnels.

Images showing the process of transforming my photography into a render compilation that acts as a visual narrative for the proposed design project.

Japan 3.11 Initiative | Insights/Analyses/Realizations: A Narrative of Place, People, and Possessions_Tokyo to Minami-Sanriku Transition

After the long train and bus ride from the chaotic and populous Tokyo, I instantly felt a change in atmosphere when hearing the announcement that we were approaching the rural region of Minato. The laughing and chattering on the bus was replaced by solemn faces and silenced mouths. I remember looking past my reflection in the window, and feeling everyone’s attention focus on the surroundings outside the bus. The farther we drove into Minato towards the water’s edge, the more destruction we experienced. Remnants of houses and debris on the side of the road became embedded in our memories. It was in that moment I realized the pace, the tone, the atmosphere of the trip I was taking had suddenly changed its course.

The bus carried us father north along the coast to Minami Sanriku, the site of our design project and the once rural fishing village that was almost entirely swept away by the tsunami. Immediately after exiting the bus, we gathered together and looked upon the bay ahead, taking time to remember those who were lost. I had an immediate urge to see the bay, where the livelihood of the village once was. Walking along the remnants of a dirt-road, we followed alongside the canal towards the view of the coast. Seeing a stairway that led up the side of the mountain, I decided to climb to have a better view of the area. It wasn’t until reaching the top of the mountain, when I looked down and realized I was overlooking one of the few houses that survived in the village, that I feel I understood the relationship between the water and the village. I suddenly was not only overtaken by the beauty of the bay, but the power of it and the sense of fear and simultaneous comfort it instilled in me. I decided that this new Minami Sanriku would help to re-instill the force of comfort that water once provided to the villagers of the region, and the new village design would provide a place where the community can reconnect to water.

Japan 3.11 Initiative | Insights/Analyses/Realizations: A Narrative of Place, People, and Possessions

One of the aspects of the site that most intrigued me was seeing the foundation remains of houses that were completely destroyed in the tsunami. Standing on the foundations themselves provided a completely different sense of the place. It was much more personal. As I walked around the foundation of this small house, I saw remnants of not just a house, but a family, a people that lived there. I bent down and gently touched a broken bowl, dried mud covering some Japanese characters. At what was once a front door entry laid a bouquet of dried flowers, wrapped in white paper. Beside the bouquet, a plain white baseball rested on the concrete remains of the foundation wall. I imagined a family, a father playing catch with his son on a Sunday afternoon, the mother watching them from the kitchen window. I imagined a narrative for this place, this home, this family that once lived on the foundation where I now stood. Another student called for me to return to the bus, and as I refocused on the current time and place, I dried my cheeks, cold from the snow that had begun to fall, and walked away.

The more I thought about the remains, the more I became familiar with the varieties of debris that existed. There were household items scattered around property that once belonged to a house that does not exist anymore. There are also possessions of the sea, such as shells and kelp that was deposited by the water and captured in the piles of debris. While exploring Shizugawa Bay, I noticed some of the household elements were positioned in a way that seemed as though they had been picked up and placed strategically among the remains, often resting on a foundation wall or platform. These items became, in a sense, a memorial of the place that once was.

At first, I thought my project had to change entirely. I considered the question that continued to appear in my mind: “What justice am I doing for the people of Minami-Sanriku?” How could I possibly design an architecture to replace what once was when there was still so much ‘picking up the pieces’ to do? It is hard to imagine putting such effort into designing a tunnel filled with bathhouses for a village that has lost their schools, their homes, their loved ones. My immediate reaction was to pick up the nearest shovel and get to work. The ‘builder’ in me overtook the ‘designer’ as an emotional response to the site and surroundings.

After writing and reflecting on the journey, I have returned to designer mode. The beauty of the design approach is that a proposal will help a distraught village return to their land with both a sense of security and reflection on what was happened and what is to come. From my experience with the baths at the hotel, a culture surrounds the entire process of bathing that must be celebrated. It becomes a family oriented event, a place of gathering, celebrating life in its most natural state.

Completely out of my element and comfort zone, jealousy overcomes me as I watch such a natural process ensue: mothers watching from across the rooms as their children tap their feet in puddles of water, older women wading slowly through the pool. The culture that surrounds Japanese bathing completely overwhelms and intrigues me simultaneously, which is why I find the program so appropriate for the site. The overwhelming power of the bay with the calming atmosphere of the bathing will encompass the feelings associated with water after the storm.

Images of an interview with Minami Sanriku fishermen, mapping locations of previously existing houses that were destroyed by the March 11, 2011 tsunami that destroyed the majority of coastal Japan. Hearing the stories from the villagers directly significantly impacted my perceptions of the village and end helped me better understand the needs of the village in designing a new community and restoring the fishing livlihood of the Minato, Japan region.

DIRT URBANISM

SILT QUARANTINING URBANISM | BREANNA FAYE|MKAILA WATERS|BIN LI

SELECTED DESIGN WORKS | Massachusetts Institute of Technology M. Arch

SOIL STERILZATION AND GEOTHERMAL RECREATION IN THE ECOLOGICALLY UNSTABLE SALTON SEA, CALIFORNIA

The southern periphery is the most contaminated area surrounding the Salton Sea. The inflow from Alamo River alone contains half of the harmful pollutants that research studies have found to have direct detrimental effects on the healthiness of the avian and fish populations in the Imperial Valley. With the production of agriculture increasing in the region, Salton Sea will become increasingly susceptible to higher levels of contaminants that make the locations near the sea not currently suitable for development.

The introduction of a soil sterilization system at the estuary of the Alamo River, as well as the additional two inflows from the New and Whitewater rivers, controls the contamination levels to produce an environment that is ecologically healthy and economically stable.

Sprawled along the San Andreas Fault line, the southeast region of the sea is particularly vibrant with prospective tourist attractions as a result of its close proximity to five geothermal power plants and active landforms as a result of naturally occurring geothermal activity. The process of filtering contaminates from the Salton Sea is achieved through sterilization of the silt and sediment that inflows to the sea from three main rivers: the Alamo River, the New River and the Whitewater River. The main site for the soil sterilization plant is the Alamo River due to its close proximity to five local geothermal power plants and the fact that the Alamo River comprises the most pollutants that drains into the Salton Sea. Sampling of the river inflows has shown that the Alamo River accounts for 50% of the contamination from the harmful pesticides, the majority of which derives as a result of runoff from the vast agricultural industry on the southern and northern edges of the sea.

Sterilization of the soil will ensure elimination of pollutants and pathogens, increasing the potential for high-yielding crops and healthy soil.

Steaming is an organic and environmentally friendly way of sterilizing soil.

Methods range from sheet steaming, vacuum steaming, hood steaming and is a sterilization technique that rids contaminates, bacteria, fungi, and viruses with an extremely hot steam. The steam is heated to 190 degrees Celsius and pumped through the soil. Not only does this method help in getting rid of pests and diseases, but also unleashes nutritional substances in the soil that were previously trapped. Steaming sterilization is the most effective alternative to the chemical methyl bromide which is very harmful to the environment.

Sterilizing the soil not only filters contaminates during the peak inflow from agricultural runoff, but it results in a fertile product desirable in the construction of new development around the sea. Once processed the soil can be a profitable venture for sustaining the sterilization. The sterilized soil then endures a composting process and is directly distributed to various sites around the sea, providing hygienic bird habitats and a natural fertilizer for date farming.

Once a foundation for filtered inflow and decontaminated soil is established, health concerns are eliminated allowing future development to occur.

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TEMPORARY PROGRAMS

PERMANENT PROGRAMS

BOATING

ROADS

GOLFING

RECREATION PATHS

SPAS

SOIL STERILZATION TOWERS

BIRDING

SILT ENCLOSURES

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Diagrams showing the changing shoreline of the Salton Sea over time due to the natural decreasing level of the sea (left) and the final site plan of the harbor cities and silt-filtration proposal.

SOIL STERILZATION AND GEOTHERMAL RECREATION IN SALTON SEA, CALIFORNIA The southern periphery is the most contaminated area surrounding the Salton Sea. The inflow from Alamo River alone contains half of the harmful pollutants that research studies have found to have direct detrimental effects on the healthiness of the avian and fish populations in the Imperial Valley. With the production of agriculture increasing in the region, Salton Sea will become increasingly susceptible to higher levels of contaminants that make the locations near the sea not currently suitable for development.

The introduction of a soil sterilization system at the estuary of the Alamo River, as well as the additional two inflows from the New and Whitewater rivers, controls the contamination levels to produce an environment that is ecologically healthy and economically stable.

Sprawled along the San Andreas Fault line, the southeast region of the sea is particularly vibrant with prospective tourist attractions as a result of its close proximity to a collection of geothermal power plants and active landforms as a result of naturally occurring geothermal activity. The process of filtering contaminates from the Salton Sea is achieved through sterilization of the silt and sediment that inflows to the sea from three main rivers: the Alamo River, the New River and the Whitewater River. The main site for the soil sterilization plant is the Alamo River due to its close proximity to five local geothermal power plants and the fact that the Alamo River comprises the most pollutants that drains into the Salton Sea. Sampling of the river inflows has shown that the Alamo River accounts for 50% of the contamination from the harmful pesticides,

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RECREATIONAL TRAIL ENTRANCE EXISTING COVE SOIL STERILIZATION PLANT GEOTHERMAL SPA GEOTHERMAL MUDPOTS BOAT HARBOR EXISTING COVE RETAINED SILT DEPOSITS SOIL LOADING DOCK COMMERCIAL BUILDING [INNER LOOP] RESIDENTAL HOUSING [OUTER LOOP] GEOTHERMAL SPA GOLF COURSE EXISTING ROCK HILL VOLCANO BUTTE TENNIS COURT GEOTHERMAL INFRASTRUCTURE BASEBALL FIELDS RECREATIONAL TRAIL ENTRANCE EXISTING GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT ALAMO RIVER

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Final site plans of the regional (left) and zoomed-in (right) urban design proposal for Salton Sea. The undulating curves represent a winding road that separates the city and sterialization towers from the polluted sea and silt. Geothermal-centered recreational programs line the border as well, with a focus on revitalizing tourism in the region.

A compilation map showing the Salton Sea valley with the proposed series of urban interventions that will renew the economic and environmental state of the region. Each urban intervention proposal is connected by lines that show the proposed methods of circulation and how people will travel from one city to the next.

Render compilations of the soil sterilization towers, depicting the section-cut through the tower revealing the spaces inside of the tower where silt is moved from the Alamo River estuary to be processed into the large composting vault in the tower (top), and the view from the shore showing the geothermal pipelines powering the soil sterilization, along with the barges shipping clean soil to the northern part of the Sea to be used for productive date farming (bottom).

Maps showing the progression of the silt buildup at the Alamo River estuary over time (left), along with the satellite image of the same estuary editted to show an actual depiction of the contaminated state of the southern periphery. Below is a visual timeline for the phasing of the proprosed design.

2080 2060 2040 2030

2020

2080 2060 2040 2030

2020

SOIL STERILZATION AND GEOTHERMAL RECREATION IN SALTON SEA, CALIFORNIA The southern periphery is the most contaminated area surrounding the Salton Sea. The inflow from Alamo River alone contains half of the harmful pollutants that research studies have found to have direct detrimental effects on the healthiness of the avian and fish populations in the Imperial Valley. With the production of agriculture increasing in the region, Salton Sea will become increasingly susceptible to higher levels of contaminants that make the locations near the sea not currently suitable for development.

The introduction of a soil sterilization system at the estuary of the Alamo River, as well as the additional two inflows from the New and Whitewater rivers, controls the contamination levels to produce an environment that is ecologically healthy and economically stable.

Sprawled along the San Andreas Fault line, the southeast region of the sea is particularly vibrant with prospective tourist attractions as a result of its close proximity to a collection of geothermal power plants and active landforms as a result of naturally occurring geothermal activity. The process of filtering contaminates from the Salton Sea is achieved through sterilization of the silt and sediment that inflows to the sea from three main rivers: the Alamo River, the New River and the Whitewater River. The main site for the soil sterilization plant is the Alamo River due to its close proximity to five local geothermal power plants and the fact that the Alamo River comprises the most pollutants that drains into the Salton Sea. Sampling of the river inflows has shown that the Alamo River accounts for 50% of the contamination from the harmful pesticides, the majority of which derives as a result of runoff from the vast agricultural industry on the southern and northern edges of the sea.

Sterilization of the soil will ensure elimination of pollutants and pathogens, allowing the soil to be sanitary and increasing the potential for high-yielding crops and healthy environments. Steaming is an organic and environmentally friendly way of sterilizing soil. Methods range from sheet steaming, vacuum steaming, hood steaming and is a sterilization technique that gets rid of contaminates, bacteria, fungi, and viruses through extremely hot steam. The steam is heated to 190 degrees Celsius and pumped through the soil. Not only does this method help in getting rid of pests and diseases, but also helps in relief from soil fatigue and the unleashing nutritional substances in the soil that were previously trapped. Steaming sterilization is the most effective alternative to the chemical methyl bromide which is very harmful to the environment.

Sterilizing the soil not only filters contaminates during the peak inflow from agricultural runoff, but it results in a fertile product desirable in the construction of new development around the sea. Once processed the soil can be a profitable venture for sustaining the sterilization. The sterilized soil then endures a composting process and is directly distributed to various sites around the sea, providing hygienic bird habitats and a natural fertilizer for date farming. Once a foundation for filtered inflow and decontaminated soil is established, health concerns are eliminated allowing future development to occur.

PHASE 1

+1 YEARS

CONSTRUCTION OF SILT RETAINERS ALONG SALTON SEA SHORELINE I. TOWER 1 NEAR BASEBALL RECREATION II. TOWER 2 NEXT TO THE ROCK HILL VOLCANO BUTTE III. TOWER 3 AT HE ALAMO RIVER DELTA (CONSTRUCTED FIRST) IV. TOWER 4 NEAR THE GEOTHERMAL SPA AND MUDPOTS V. TOWER 5 NEXT TO THE BARGE HARBOR

PHASE 2

+5 YEARS

CONSTRUCTION OF ROADWAY SYSTEM THAT CONNECTS THE SILT RETAINERS AND ALLOWS FOR MAINTAINANCE CIRCULATION SILT STERILIZATION FACTORY 1 BEGINS CONSTRUCTION AT THE ALAMO RIVER DELTA

PHASE 3 +10 YEARS

THE REMAINING SOIL STERIALIZATION TOWERS BEGIN CONSTRUCTION IN THE FOLLOWING ORDER, ACCORDING TO THE MOST CONTAMINATED LOCATIONS: I. ALAMO RIVER DELTA TOWER 3 II. TOWER 4 III. TOWER 5 IV. TOWER 2 V. TOWER 1

PHASE 4

+20 YEARS

BOAT HARBOURS ARE NESTLED INTO THE UNDULATING COVES, PROVIDING A DOCKING LOCATION FOR THE FOLLOWING: I. BOAT/YACHT RENTALS II. FERRY GEOTHERMAL TOURISM III. BARGE TRANSPORT FOR SOIL STERILIZATION PLANTS IV. ACCESS TO THE SALTON SEA NATIONAL PARK SOIL/COMPOST INCOME GENERATION 2,000,000 CUBIC FEET NEEDED FOR DATE COMPOST MIXTURE 3,250,000 CUBIC FEET NEEDED FOR ECOLOGY HABITAT MIXTURE SPECIALTY DATE COMPOST MIXTURE $60.00/cubic foot 2,000,000 CUBIC FEET x $60,00/CUBIC FOOT $120,000,000 ECOLOGICAL HABITAT SOIL $42.00/cubic foot 3,250,000 CUBIC FEET x $42.00/CUBIC FOOT $136,500,000

INTERIM NUMERIC TARGETS FOR ATTAINMENT OF TMDL1 PHASE COMPLETION % COLLECTION TARGET

+20 YEARS

RS ARE NESTLED INTO THE UNDULATING COVES, PROVIDING A DOCKFOR THE FOLLOWING: RENTALS HERMAL TOURISM NSPORT FOR SOIL STERILIZATION PLANTS THE SALTON SEA NATIONAL PARK

PHASE 5

+25 YEARS

RECREATIONAL PATH CREATED ALONGSIDE SILT RETAINING CIRCULATION WALLS WITH FOLLOWING PROGRAMS: I. GEOTHERMAL POWERED SPAS II. GOLF COURSE III. TENNIS COURTS IV. BASEBALL FIELDS VI. GOLF COURSE VII. GEOTHERMAL LANDSCAPE TOURISM

PHASE 6

+30 YEARS

CITY PLANNING OCCURS FOR THE THREE SITES AT DIFFERENT COVES PARCELS ARE DIVIDED BY THE FOLLOWING: I.RESIDENTIAL OUTER BAND II. COMMERICIAL INNER BAND III.PUBLIC PARKS NESTLED INTO EACH RESIDENTIAL BLOCK

PHASE 7 +35 YEARS COMPLETION OF DEVELOPMENT INCLUDING PARKING, PUBLIC SPACES, ECT ALL HABOR CITY DEVELOPMENT FINISHES CONSTRUCTION PLANNING FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT CAN OCCUR BY ADDING MORE ‘BANDS’

PHASE 1 320

2020

40%

PHASE 2 240

2030

60%

PHASE 3 210

2040

80%

PHASE 4 200

2050

95%

PHASE 5

+25 YEARS

RECREATIONAL PATH CREATED ALONGSIDE SILT RETAIN FOLLOWING PROGRAMS: I. GEOTHERMAL POWERED SPAS II. GOLF COURSE III. TENNIS COURTS IV. BASEBALL FIELDS VI. GOLF COURSE VII. GEOTHERMAL LANDSCAPE TOURISM