Brazzil - Year 7 - Number 119 - November 1995

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4 NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

41'

--It's by mere chance arriCOMTF-7dence that our cover story is also in the covers ofthe main Brazilian publications. Our account about the incredible growth of the Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus, which has become the biggest and most spread Brazilian multinational, was ready, when that church made big news.

One of its ministers slapped and kicked on live TV an image of the Virgin Mary thus provoking the ire of the Catholics.

There have been many acts of reparation, but some more impetu-

ous Catholics haven't heeded the appeals for calm from the Church's hierarchy and decided to apply the eye for an eye wisdom, breaking Universal's properties. Some TV stations — the ones from powerful Globo network in special — by replaying dozen of times the incident seemed eager to see "the house get burned" as the Brazilian expression goes. Read our extensive story and you will have a hint on why.

The Igrej a Universal has become a darling of social scientists. Founded

by Edir Bezerra Macedo, a self-taught businessman who abandoned the Catholic church in search of more authenticity, in less than 20 years the group has grown to 3 million believers with temples in every state of Brazil and in 46 foreign countries.

CONTENTS

8 Cover

Fast-food religion

ON LINE

http://www.earthlink.net/-brazzil While Mapedo was drawing mostly the destitute to his movie theaters and supermarkets converted into temples nobody was paying too much attention. But since middle-class professionals started to join the church and Universal bought a TV network, the competition has been busy pointing the finger to the church's get-rich schemes . Far from his Brazilian critics, Macedo is living in the US. From here, he continues to make plans and he seems intent on conquering the little of the world he hasn't conquered yet.

R.M.

35

Food

Brasilia's kitchen

16

38

Economy

Rio: comeback town

Travel

Touring the Capital

18 Culture

Cover by Aylan Mello

You don't know this Rio

40

Cinema

A Brazil show in Canada

21

42

Opinion

Music

Underground Brazil

Carioca Fernanda has won Brazil

24 Profile Movits's multifaceted

NEWS' BPAZIL

art

29 Cronicas

Stanislaw Ponte Preta

54 Special

Why Evangelicals are winning the war

10 by

ILILANSTAIr

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5

000iniNuOr 10111115 j Bare all about it!

Leticia

Penis shy For Brazilian mach5es these were bad news.

The average national penis is only 14.1 cm 5.5"), it was revealed during the recent 3rd Latin American Congress on Sexual Impotence which was held in SAO Paulo. If there was any consolation was the fact that this is the worldwide average too. Three studies have been made in Brazil since 1990 to measure the male organ, which shows a little obsession there with the subject.

Mineiro (from Minas Gerais) urologist Luiz Otavio Torres, responsible for the latest penis research, commented, "In Brazil there's this reverence for the 8-inch penises seen on porno movies, but they are very rare."

No sex., we are Brazilians For years, tourist appeals to visit Brazil have practically disappeared from the media all over the world.

Embratur, the state 6

Adnana

Brazilians' fascination with the naked body of their female idols has no end. And since these idols seem eager to oblige there's a constant strip tease show going on. Some child and teen TV artists just wait the legal 18 to show all their wares on Playboy, on TV, or some other less sophisticated stage. "Queen of the shorties" Xuxa, 32, for example, had already undressed for the cameras on a softporno movie before becoming world famous.

Just recently Playboy disrobed Adriana Galisteu, 22, the last sweetheart of late Formula 1 hero Ayrton Senna and took her to Greece for the 26-page pictorial. The issue sold more than 1 million copies, a record. When alive, Senna persuaded the magazine's editors not to publish a -similar series of nudes.

Now is the turn of blond TV sweetie Leticia Spiller, 22., to bare it all.

After many nos to TV and

male magazines she chose a most cultured way of exhibitionism, appearing in the Clara Goes's play Abelardo,

Heloisa (A belard, HĂŠlolse), a retelling ofthe classic medieval story until now better known for the tragic love affair between their protagonists. Director Moacyr Goes decided that some nudity wouldn't hurt the show.

And was he right.

The Teatro Gloria's spectacle has been so popular since it opened October 5, that Gees had to add shows on weekends and he has asked police to get rid of scalpers who have been reselling tickets of the show for outrageous prices. The director had promised to omit the scene in which Helotse undresses herself for Abelard if the nudity became bigger than the play. It did. But who would dare suppress the scene now and start a civil war in the country?

agency in charge of promoting the country, has been bankrupt. But now the government has Testined $12 million to promote the Brazilian image overseas. Embratur has already been put on notice, however, that i the money cannot be used, as in the past, to show female buttocks and breasts. Instead the new campaign will have lofs of trees, animals and nature in general. Off with sextourists, in with ecotourtsts.

For a free body market Prostitutes from all of Brazil are converging this month to Salvador, Bahia, for their national conference. One of their main goals is to ciet off the books the law that considers a crime the maintenance of whorehouses and pimpery. Those offenses carry sentences from two to five years in prison. The ladies of the night want to pay sociarbenefits and get all the privi NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

leges like any other worker. The Network of Sex Professionals is prig)/ at the recent Beijing s 4th International Conference on Women for their condemnation of prostitution. Their leader. ex-prostitute and sociologist Gabriela da Silva Leite 44, says that she had classes with sociologist F. H. Cardoso at USP (Universidade de Sao Paulo). Fernando Hen rique Cardoso is Brazil's president.

Vintage water Some towns have all the luck. While most of them have pipes to bring gas and water to houses, Bento Goncalves in Rio Grande do Sul has wine in those tubes.

The just installed wineducts in that city was made by.Vinicola Aurora, Brazil's biggest wine exporter.

Almost ten-mile long, the $3-million underground ducts link four units of the company, saving 3,500 truck trips a year.

A little help The Johns Hopkins University, in an effort to curb the spread of AIDS in Brazil, has made a curious donation to the Projeto Praca Onze from Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). To avoid the breakage of condoms, something more common with anal intercourse, the school has sent 10.000 flasks of American intimate lubricant to Carioca (from Rio) gays.

Hungry marines The Brazilian navy is giving monthly fiveday licenses. to the majority of its personnef. The objective is to reduce by. I6% expenses with food. It seems that in the latest six years an increasing number of navy men have been spending NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

A very rough-cut Citing the Gospel of St. Matthew, "if thy right eye is an occasion of sin to thee, pluck it out and cast it fro thee", Paulista (from Sao Paulo) Edson Passos, 36, se ered his own penis in a bizarre reenacting of the John bbitt's episode in which the American ex-marine was castrated by his jealous wife Lorena. For almost two decades P ssos has been on a spiritual journey trying to master hi carnal desires. Among other sects and religions, he frequented Umbanda, the Baptist Church, and lately was at the Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus (see our cover story).

All of this and all the prayers, however, weren' enough to take his mind off sinful thoughts. He confessed, "I ouldn 't resist touching women on crowded trains and wasn' able to be faithful to my wife. I was even thinking about exually molesting a five-year-old niece."

His self-mutilation act was well thought through Passos, an auto mechanic, built in his workshop a three-feet tall and one-feet-wide guillotine with a very sharp blade c nected to a 20-pound weight. After cutting his glans o t, on a Sunday morning, Passos ran to his neighbor who took him to Hospital do Mandaqui's emergency room. Only at 9 PM the doctors started an implant operation, which took fly hours.

It was doubtful the surgery would be successful. ut even without the glans, Passos, after a plastic surgery, m y have a normal sexual life, according to his doctors. At h me, his wife and children can't understand what got into he mechanic. A psychological test didn't detect any grave sychological disorder and Passos doesn't regret his acti n for a minute. "I have proved that I love God more than th devil," he said. "Now I know He will spare me the temptat ons."

The lion's share Without too much to do in prison and while preparing for a much busier life outside, Carioca (from Rio) Sergio Ratazana (Big Rat), Cerro Cord's favela (shanty town) drug lord, had a macabre idea to finish up his foes — policemen and rival gangsters — without a trace.

He ordered his henchmen to raise two lions whose diet should include human flesh in preparation to eat his enemies.

Sansao and Dalila were bought and were being raised accordingly, when police got wind of t he scheme. Apparently worried that he would become a victim of their own weapon a Ratazana's acolyte called the cops and gave them the service. The police found the five-month, wellfed and still cuddly beasts before the lawmen themselves could be had for lunch.

more time than needed at their bases. They hang around apparently to eat the infamous military food. At home the situation is even worse.

Streetless Tom For the second time in a row Rio's Justice decided against the change of a street name to that of late worldrenowned maestro Tom Jobim. First it was Avenida Vieira Souto, in Ipanema, which had to go back to its original name, after some weeks as Antonio Carlos Jobim. Now the Visconde de Piraja street regained its moniker and mayor Cesar Maia continues looking for a place to honor the "Girl from Ipanema"s composer.

Street talk Prisons and streets have always been a fertile soil for slang. Street children in Brazil have their own colorful vocabulary. In Brasilia, the capital, Vilma Luis, who lives under a bridge, says, "The first thing we do in the morning is to smell • thinner. Then I spend my day viajando (spaced out). Her and her colleagues have a special dialect with words like: Badaga - Glue Baciagueiro - Glue sniffer Bodinho - (literally little goat) Yuppie Dar o gogo - Take someone by the throat Dar o confere - Frisk someone when stealing Ir para Londres - (go to London) To have sex Mela - Cocaine past which is smoked in little pipe Meter - To steal Metranca - Weapon Mincha - Iron bar used for entering locked cars Moco A place sleep 7

Praise the Lord and pass the catchup "We are like an omelet.

The more they beat us, the more we grow." Perhaps Edna Fernandes has found the best explanation for the incredible growth of the lgreja Universal do Reino de Deus not only in Brazil but in 46 other countries. Fernandes, a Sao Paulo assemblywoman, is the sister of Edir Macedo, the self-appointed bishop of Universal and the man who in less than two decades has transformed a little sect, gathering in a place used as a funeral parlor, in the biggest Brazilian franchise all over the word.

ELMA LIA NASCIMENTO NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1955

s enemies say bishop Edir Macedo's dream is to con ert Brazil into a religious state, a kind of new Iran in which he would be its allpowerful ayatollah. Carlos agno de Miranda, an excoordinator of the Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus (Universal Church of the Kingdom of God), says his former boss and mentor wants one day to be Brazil's President. Macedo, who rarely gives any interview, denied recently any political ambition to newsweekly A/o E. "God has anointed me to preach the Gospel to the poor in spirit, to free those oppressed by Satan and to announce the pardon of Jesus Christ," he answered to a question sent by fax by the magazine.

At his house in Purchase, north of New York City — Igreja Universal's founder and leader lives with his wife Ester and two children (Cleonice, 18 and Moises, 9) between the US and South Africa, the two countries in which his church is growing faster — one of Macedo's pastimes is to attach pins to a huge worldmap.

It's been a busy time for pin manufacturers.

Every pin means a new church in his empire, which by last count had more than 2,000 temples in 46 countries. Three hundred of these prayer houses are outside Brazil.

Precise numbers are hard to gather due to secrecy and the rapid spread of the church. The Igreja Universal started its foreign expansionism in 1985 when the first temple was opened in Paraguay, a country on Brazil's southwestern border. Another Brazilian church, Deus E Amor, has already spread to 30 other countries, but the 33-year old church has had a steady and slow expansion, nothing that compares to the Universal's boom. By 1990 the church was established in all Brazilian states and had added temples in Argentina, Portugal and the United States. In a same Sunday in September the Igreja Universal assembled 50,000 people in Johannesburg, South Africa, for a session of exorcism and close to 6,000 in New York for a celebration called Domingo dos Milagres (Sunday of Miracles).

The Universal church, whose headquarters is a former movie theater in Bras, a workingclass neighborhood next to downtown Sao Paulo, is only one among dozens of other Brazilian churches which were inspired by Pentecostalism, the evangelical branch of Christianity that centers its faith on the power of the Holy Spirit. In addition to the theatrics of their worship with "miracle cures", exorcisms and personal accounts of the church's effectiveness, the Igreja Universal offers cure and solution for any kind of problem, be it financial, sentimental, or health.

"Jesus Christ is the solution" is the pastors' answer to afflictions as diverse as depression, vices, unemployment, family disharmony, insomnia and headaches. They even promise to cure AIDS and homosexuality.

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NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

With close to 6 million believers all over the world and an estimated $1 billion annual income, the Igreja Universal has become the biggest Brazilian multinational, employing around 40 bishops and more than 7,000 pastors. The Church owns TV Record, a traditional Brazilian television network that they had bought in 1990 for $45 million. While Record was converted for some time into a 24-hour pulpit for the church, market considerations have confined the preacher to the wee hours of the morning.

The direction of the programs and news has been given to professionals not linked to Universal and the church now has to pay for the time it uses. The ratings are still low with an average of 5% of the viewing public and peaks of 10% or more during soccer games or auditorium shows.

Those who were betting that the dilapidated Record would die under Macedo's ownership are now eating their words. TV Record has bought 160 films never shown on Brazilian TV, hired respected journalists and presenters and bought the rights to transmit Sao Paulo's soccer championship in 1996.

The Igreja Universal also owns 30 radio stations in Brazil, four in Portugal, one in Mozambique and several publications including the national weekly newspaper Folha Universal, which prints 1 million copies, and USbased Universal News, with more than 100,000 copies. All of this is administered by LM Consultoria, a holding company. The church also owns Banco de Credit() Metropolitano, a smaller bank. Among many of the church's plans, there is the publication of a national mass-circulation daily.

The success of Edir Macedo, 50, an expublic servant who started two college courses (studying Mathematics and Statistics) without finishing them, has a lot to do with his ability to use the media in his favor. The Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus has been promising miracles and cures even for AIDS, but the biggest miracle of all has been how fast the church has grown. It was in 1977 that Macedo and four other friends transformed an old funerary house in Abolicao, a suburb on the Northern side of Rio, into the first temple of the incipient evangelical multinational.

Bishop Macedo was barely surviving and had less than 100 followers when he started his church. It was Maria Veronesi, a woman who believed to be cured by him and is still in the church, who sold a lot she had inherited from her father, giving the money to Macedo. He used it to buy 10 minutes a day of air time at Rio's Metropolitana radio. By 1980, the bishop had already a daily half-hour program at Rio's TV Tupi and had opened a temple in S'ao Paulo, together with a program at Radio Cacique in the Greater Sao Paulo.

By 1982 his program at Metropolitana had grown to five hours a day. Two years later he would buy in Rio Copacabana radio, the first acquisition of what would soon become a corn9

munications empire, with 35 radio stations in Brazil, Mozambique and Portugal (they buy time on radio and TV in other countries), several publications including Hoje em Dia, a respected daily from Minas Gerais state, and the 25 stations of the TV Record network.

More recently the church has also acquired its own recording company, Line Records, which has under contract Nelson Ned, a singer famous throughout Latin America for his ..01 romantic ballads. Nowadays Ned is more interested in recording religious hymns like "Jesus é a saida" ("Jesus is the solution") which says, "Ele é o Cristo que te ama/ Que te ama de verdade/ Ele é a forca que te abriu a eternidade/ Ele é o sot" ("He is the Christ who loves you/ The one who loves you truly/ He is the power who has opened eternity to you/ He is the sun"). acedo was 20, when disenchanted with the Catholic church he became an evan gelical, joining the Igreja Nova Vida (New Life Church). He would stay 10 years with the congregation before leaving it in 1975, accusing the church of elitism. In Casa da Bencao (Blessed House), the new church he had joined, the restless maverick was advised to start his own religious movement. So, Macedo and a small group of friends created the Cruzada do Caminho Eterno (The Eternal Road Crusade), an aggressive bunch of people brandishing bibles on public squares and preaching in rented movie theaters. Once again he didn't agree with what was being done and started his Igreja Universal.

For many years nobody besides his followers was paying any attention to this evangelical minister. To the dominant Catholic church and the complacent Brazilian media he seemed just like one more fanatic among hundreds who profited from the public ignorance, poverty and suffering to start a new sect and make some money for themselves in the process. But all of this changed since Macedo showed his lack of compromise with the powers that be and the more established churches.

He put some fear in the hearts and pockets of the establishment when he started buying radio stations, theaters and supermarkets to put them in the service of his church. The acquisition of TV Record network in 1990 was a watershed showing he was serious about getting bigger and more legitimate.

The Igreja Universal has also made serious incursions into the middle class, recruiting doctors, economists, lawyers and business owners. This made life much harder for Macedo, the minister who had by now given himself the title of bishop.

Where had his money come from? The media started to ask questions. The police got involved.

He was accused of fraud and embezzlement, and in 1992 ended up in jail for 12 days. The courts have found him innocent every time there was a process against him.

Even today the Universal is not the biggest evangelical church in Brazil. The Assembleia de

M

10

Deus (Assembly of God), for example, has 13 million followers and the Congregacao Crista do Brasil (Brazil's Christian Congregation) and the Igreja Luterana (Lutheran Church) have 4 million apiece. Some evangelicals, however, are trying to distance themselves from Macedo. The Associacao Evangelica Brasileira (Brazilian Evangelical Association) led by Presbyterian Caio Fabio D' Araiijo Filho has been in the forefront of this movement, accusing the bishop of using manipulative methods to get money. The Igreja Universal has allied itself to a branch of the Assembly of God to start its own evangelical organization, the Conselho Nacional dos Pastores do Brasil (National Council of Brazil's Pastors). D' Araiijo contends that Macedo's church has "no legitimacy to represent the diversity of the Evangelical Church."

If the church's finances are kept under seven veils, the philosophy behind Universal's growth has been amply explained. Macedo himself is the author of 14 books, all published by Grafica Universal which belongs to the church. There the bishop explains how bad company can compromise redemption: "Look for friendship among people who have the same faith and avoid at any cost talk, discussions or contacts which can jeopardize your salvation."

He also talks about the presence of the devil: "There are some diseases that characterize possession (by the devil): neurosis, constant headaches, insomnia, fear, faint or attacks; suicidal wishes, diseases whose causes are not discovered by doctors, vision of shadows and voice auditions, vices, depression." ut it's about the graces bestowed upon those who part with their money as a contribution to the church that Macedo is more eloquent. "Don't lose your chance to be God's partner. Be at His disposal with all that you own and start to participate too in all that God has."

He also writes, "Money is a sacred tool used in God's work." Or, "To give the tithe is to be a candidate to receive ceaseless blessings, according to what the Bible says, under the physical, spiritual and financial aspects... When we pay God the tithe, He has the obligation (because he promised) to keep His word, reproaching the devouring spirits which disgrace man's life."

"If we want a better salary," he also says, "we have to tell God, 'Lord, I'd like a salary of x dollars a month.' If my wish is to get a new car, then I have to ask for a new car, and tell its make. And so on. We need to know how to ask in order to be able to receive."

Since 1990, Magno de Miranda, a Macedo's former ally, has been accusing the bishop of having used $ 1 million in drug money from Colombia to buy Record TV. He also says that Macedo has smuggled radio equipment into Brazil for his radio stations. According to him, sophisticated studio equipment entered the country with the aid of

B

NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

Brazilian customs agents. In a recent interview to daily Folha de sa-0 Paulo, Miranda seemed resigned when he talked about the police's lack of interest in investigating his charges. "That's Brazil," he said.

"The same has happened to charges against ex-President Fernando Collor de Mello and the banks that have been going bust."

Sao Paulo's public prosecutor is accusing Macedo of embezzlement, charlatanism and quackery. The penal code establishes a fine and a prison sentence from one to up to five years for those found guilty of embezzlement.

Charlatanism and quackery also carry sentences that go up to two years in jail. The process against Macedo has been dragging since 1992. The main accusation is that he had amassed a personal fortune of $100 million by '92 by exploiting the good faith of his church's members. He spent 12 days in jail but Justice absolved him. The prosecution has appealed the verdict. ile most other religions draw believ ers, promising a better life after death n exchange for sacrifice and a life of moderation, the Igreja Universal believes the rewards of the faithful will be given here on earth.

More than that, new temples are only opened after the area and the customs of a proposed new place are studied. That's what happened, for example, earlier this year, in the Dominican Republic. A group of ministers went there beforehand and not only decided that the temple should be opened in the capital Santo Domingo, but also that some elements of Umbanda (cult with African influences) should be included. Curiously, in Brazil, Umbanda has been condemned constantly by the church.

Macedo and his ministers seem also decided to fill any void left by the other religions. If Catholics have dry and emotionless worship services, they invite participation, making people talk about their experiences of knowing Jesus during the worship, sing, raise their arms, cry, applaud and even have their demons expelled in dramatic and cathartic ceremonies in front of the whole congregation. As another way to fight Catholicism, the temples are being used to distribute condoms among the believers.

It's on the social front, however, that the Igreja Universal is successfully striving for legitimacy.

Their ministers have been seen on Rio's hills distributing food amongfavelados (shanty-town dwellers) and ABC (Associacdo Beneficente Crista (Christian Beneficent Association), a Universal creation, has been one of the most active groups helping those in need. Since October of last year, their campaign against hunger has distributed only in Sdo Paulo more than 1.5 tons of food.

Since 1992 the church has been helping, with at least $15,000 a month, sao Paulo's Sociedade Pestalozzi, a traditional institution which takes care of 280 mentally handicapped children who

Wi

NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

spend the day at t e organization. The institution helps another 2,0 'I handicapped youngsters every year. The Igreja U iversal has also opened a health clinic in the south rea of Sao Paulo in conjunction with a neighborho d association. Their main work there will be fam ly planning and distribution of contraceptives. "I the state doesn't do it, we will do our own cam •. ign of family planning," says pastor Ronaldo Di • ini, ABC's director and one of the star presenter at TV Record. The clinic has already seen more han 11,000 people. Some of the doctors working t ere are volunteers and are not affiliated to the c rch. The idea is to open a new health clinic ever three or four months. Other social initiatives clude a plan to recuperate public schools aband O I ed by the state and the administration of soup itchens and night shelters in downtown Sao Paulo. In one of these projects, with capacity for 400 people, City Hall will pay the salary of the 38 workers. ABC will be in charge of distributing food nd clothes as well as providing medical and denta care.

Another proof f the importance of this work for the church is t e fact that Didini takes one day a week to go to the avelas personally. He also goes to the children's centers to distribute food from the top of a truck's boèly. Didini, an ex-Army lieutenant, talks grandiosely about the church's work, "We are going to o the country's biggest social work." In the next few weeks they will be launching a health plan o compete with other private plans established i the country. "We are going to break the health lans' monopolies," promises Didini. hey migh . While the rest of the world has seemed t be in a recessionary mode for years, th Igreja Universal doesn't lack money to spend. e it the One Million Dollar Theater in downtoviin Los Angeles, which had been a jewel of the Hollywood golden era, frequented by, among others, Charles Chaplin. Likewise the traditional Coliseu, and main show theater in Porto, Portugal, which w s bought for $6.5 million or the London's Brixton Academy concert hall. All of these purchases ha e provoked protests in the countries where they happened.

Of Universal's nine US temples, five are in New York; one ml Newark, New Jersey; two in Miami and one in L s Angeles. The group is known in the United State as the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God. for half an hour every day Edir Macedo presents a program on Telem4indo, a Spanishspeaking cable T network. It' s estimated that the 4hurch has 8,000 members only in '4ew York. In a Brooklyn neighbor ood church, for example, most of the faithful are Hispanic, the same as in LA. Macedo himsel explains all this activity by saying, "The church is like a moving bicy le: if it stops, it falls down." The c urch seems unstoppable. There ar plans to start a mission in Russia a d to conquer the

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whole of Asia since Japan has already a temple, and the Philippines seven. Only this year has the Igreja Universal stretched its reach to include England, Luxembourg, India, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Kenya, Malawi and Congo. In Africa the growth has been staggering.

In only one day 3,000 believers have been recently baptized in Mozambique (a former Portugal colony). Ministers have been in France learning the language in order to spread open the Universal to French-speaking African countries. acedo has no special place or privi leges in the church's hierarchy. He is only one of the 30 bishops who make up the Bishops' World Council, the top layer in the power structure. This group gets together twice a year. The day- to-day instructions are more likely to come from the bimonthly meetings of the 17 bishops, who comprise the Bishops' Council in Brazil. Each of these leaders is in charge of one or more states in Brazil and among their tasks, is the analysis of each temple's accounts, after they have been approved by the Pastors' Council, the next tier in the power chart.

Below the pastors there are pastors' aides and obreiros (workers). The last are volunteers who only work a few hours a week. Some of them become pastors. Thanks to them the church is able to give individual attention to all of those Who come for help.

A pastor has an average salary of $700 depending on which city he is living in. He also receives a house and a car when he is responsible for more than one temple. He gets health care from the church too. Bishops, in addition to a better salary and all of the above, are entitled to aides and cellular phones.

The Igreja Universal has been heavily criticized for the way it gets its money. The gatherings are very similar in every temple in the world. They last an average of two hours (three times a day every day of the week in some places) with half of the time dedicated to the preaching of the Bible and he other half to the collection of money.

In the New Jersey temple, for example, the minister reminds the faithful that the American government takes 30% of their paycheck. Ten percent for God, goes the argumentation, it's a real bargain. Ten percent of the gross income is what Igreja Universal asks for. During a recent worship service at headquarters, a pastor explained the reasoning behind the financial contribution, "The more you give to the church, the more you will receive. There are many people who got a new car and bought a home after coming to the church." He also talked about spreading Universal's message: "We have churches in countries all over the world, but we still need more. That's our only hope to one day destroy the devil."

It's common for the preacher to start the bidding high in a kind of the-other-way-round auction until

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1 everybody gipes his contribution. It can start with,.$500 going down to $5 when practically everybody approaches the lbag to leave their contribution. In a recent worship service in sao Paulo the minister explained the hesitati* of some in giving, "There is waf inside each one of us.

God wants y6u to give, but the devil is there holding on to your wallet.

Come, come now. Tomorrow you might be dead. If you don't pay God, you are payihg the devil."

The sermons invite participation.

The pastor might invite to the stage those who can't abandon a vice, those who are afflicted by a disease, or simply those who are not happy enough in life. At his point most of the people go towards the minister. The exercise in collective catharsis is also common.

The pastor will say, for example, in a continuous, hypnotize, way, "Close your eyes. Place your hands on ygur hearts. Now let Christ touch you.

Don't fight hack. If you feel like crying, let your tears flow."! While obreiros walk the corridors making sur%people don't open their eyes, phrases, cries, laugh start to pour spontaneously from the crowd. Andlthey sing tunes like "If I'm here it's because I haite repented. Forgive me, Lord, forgive me".

On Fridhys it's also exorcism's time. "Come, Jesus," the pastor says, "Burn the demons of prostitution, of adultery, of alcohol." "Get out, get out, get out", chant in chorus, hundreds or sometimes thousands of believers. Some are caught in trance and are helped by the obreiros. That's a good time to start the money collection.

Even Catholic Friar Beto, a priest linked to the left-leaning Liberation Theology, sees the superiority of Universal's appeal and technique among the masses. rThe Catholic liturgy is cold and rigid," he says. "Among the Pentecostals, however, emotion has a place to show up and expand. Catholic churches a built on the top of stairways and are kept close most of the day. Most of their temples have their door open to the sidewalk, like hungry mouths looking for believers." w to explain Universal's success?

They know better than anybody how to Work in the business world. They deal with money without any feeling of guilt. For them money is something positive and very desirable," says Flavio Pierucci, a sociologist from Universidade de SĂŁo Paulo. "Due to their entrepreneurial vision, the are able to grow much faster than other evangelical churches.

Universal is a prodigious multinational," argues Paul freston, a social scientist who has been studying the rise of the evangelical movement in Brazil. Andrew Chestnut, his American colleague, interested in the evangelical phenomenon, has a conclusion, "the Catholic church has chosen the poor, but the poor chose the Pentecostals."

Nobody better than Macedo has understood the meaning of one of the favorite terms of the business NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

world nowadays, flexibilization, that is, the skill to quickly adapt to the market. While past generations of evangelicals would say, "Christians don't get into politics", the Universal church has created the slogan, "Brother votes for brothers."

It all started in 1986 with a rumor that the Catholic church would use the Constituent Assembly (87-88) to establish Catholicism as Brazil's official and only religion. Nowadays, the Evangelical group in Congress has grown to four senators (of a total of 81) and 27 federal deputies (of 513). Most of them (10) belong to the Assembly of God, but the Igreja Universal comes in second with five house representatives.

Two of them are from Sao Paulo, two from Rio and one from Bahia. They have also won at least six seats on state assemblies. Among Universal's assembly people are two of the bishop's siblings: Eraldo Macedo and Edna Fernandes. Elected to Sao Paulo's assembly with 41,000 votes, Edna explained, "We are like an omelet. The more they beat us, the more we grow." or Eraldo, his latest victory gave him a third mandate in Rio de Janeiro's state assembly. Another brother, Celso Macedo, is a Rio councilman. Universal has already started the selection of candidates for the next election.

They promise also to fill up many seats on city councils all over the country. The church hasn't started its own party in Brazil, but it has done so in Portugal with the Partido da Gente (Party of Ours), whose symbol is a broom.

The Igreja Universal has declared war against two of the most powerful forces in Brazil, the Catholic church and TV Globo, the television network which ranks fourth in the world, just behind the three US sisters. Apparently, Universal with its 3 million faithful is no match for the 105 million Catholics (35 million of which are practicing) and TV Record and its 25 stations is just a little mouse for Globo's 87 broadcasting stations.

The church, however, seems to play the underdog and martyr role very well. For some time now they have been presenting Globo and the Catholic church as emissaries of the Devil. The recent presentation by Globo of the mini-series Decadencia (Decadence) was the pretext Universal needed to declare a holy war against the leading TV network in Brazil. The Rio network had already harshly criticized Macedo and his techniques showing the collection of bags of money and people being exorcised during a Universal worship service, in a segment of Fantastic°, Globo's Sunday leading news and entertainment show.

Decadencia presented the story of Mariel, a corrupt and lecherous Minister who has a striking resemblance to bishop Edir Macedo. At the end, Mariel goes to prison despite all his effort at buying everybody. Even though Globo and Dias Gomes, the miniseries's author, have denied that the work was based on Macedo's life, it was discovered that

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NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

the fictitious preacher borrowed verbatim entire phrases of an interview given by Macedo to Veja magazine in November 1990.

The response ,from Universal started even before the first chapter of Decadencia was aired. In 25 Hora (25th Hour), a debate program, Record brought Romero Machado da Costa, Globo' s former auditor, to discuss his book Afundaceio Roberto Marinho (Roberto Marinho Sinking). Roberto Marinho is Globo's founder and President and the word afundacao is a play with fundacilo (foundation).

And Record has announced the exhibition by year's end of a ' mini-soap-opera to be called Chantagem (Blackmail) in which the main character is a man who inherits a mediocre newspaper from his father and makes it into a communication empire putting his paper at the service of a military dictatorship in the country. That's the story Marinho's enemies have painted of Globo's patriarch.

In its fight against Globo, Universal use to include the Catholics since Marinho has been a good friend of the more conservative leaders of the Catholic church in Brazil. Silas Malafaia, an Assembly of God minister, who has a program at Record, declared, "If Globo attacks an evangelical church, it is provoking all of them." He and other pastors insinuated that the miniseries had been ordered by the Catholic church. he war among Catholics and Macedo's church escalated dangerously in midOctober when Sergio Von Helder, the highest authority of Universal in Sao Paulo, kicked on the air an image of Nossa Senhora Aparecida, the patroness saint of Brazil and the representation of the Virgin Mary. The act that was shown by Record during the religious programs "Despertar da Fe" and "Palavra de Vida" and was replayed dozens of times afterwards by Globo and the other networks, provoked immediate retaliation from Catholics with Uuiversal temples being attacked and menaces of bOmbing.

Three days after the provocation, Macedo himself intervened, taping a message in which he asked forgiveness to the Catholics for his pastor's acts and accused Von 1Helder of being foolM and inconsequent. "B4hop Von Helder acted like a child. He thought 4nd acted like a child bringing about this new inconsequent act for all Brazilian people," declared Macedo.

He used the occasion to talk about "the injustices, infamies and persecutions" that his church has suffered, but ended his message with a plea for forgiveness: "We want to ask for forgiveness to all of you Catholics who were hit by Bishop Von Helder's attitude."

Rio's conservative cardinal-archbishop Dom Eugenio Sales heard the contrite words, but wasn't ready to forgive. "Let's have him show by acts, that he means what he says," the Catholic leader declared.

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anything I would like to know if it is possible to get only one sample to look throug This summer we had a visit from Braz : six teenagers atutone leader. They were h to learn about Danish culture and we (t Dar4 Vegation) should learn somethi fro/the Brazilian culture. We were t gether for a month in which the main g I was to focutkon (*ilium. Now I would like write an article to News from Brazil ab4zt two cultures meeting.

Kim Egeskov Pedersen ,.Silkebord, Denmark

shot of current Brazilian topics. Specifically and urgently. I would like to see/find a list of Rotary International contacts in Brazil — both electronic and snail mail addresses. It would also be useful for listings of other Brazil based community organizations with international links. For example, Scouts, Jaycees, environmental organizations, sporting bodies (soccer. polo) industry groups (farmer organizations, mining, planners, architects). Keep up the good work.

Geoff Tregenza Sydney, Australia E-mail: geofft@delm.tas.gov.au KING YES, SLAVE NEVER Parabens para a excelente cobertura do tricentendrio de Zumbi. Ficamos muito contentes aqui com o numero de outubro — e materia de capa, Mem do mais! E fiquei contente de ver a materia de John Burdick (-Being Black-) tambem.

F'rovavelmente este Milner() de News from Brazil vai ser o documento principal sobre o tricehtendrio no estrangeiro. PS: 0 titulo "Slave King" seria mais adequadamente -Free pois Zumbi nunca foi escravo; mas deixa para Rob Anderson University of North Carolina GENEROUS ELIS REGINA Estou escrevendo para parabeniza-los — mais uma vez-- pelo belo trabalho que é o News from Brazil. No entanto, desta vez, tenho uma pequena ressalva a fazer quanto ao texto sobre Elis Regina. Ela aparece dizendo, "With me it's simple — I doubt everything; my clothes, my friends.., but my stage, that I do not doubt.Elis fazia o oposto e narealidade disse: "Comigo é muito simples, eu divido tudo; minhas roupas, meus amigos... mas meu palco esse eu ndo divido." Cindy provavelmente se confundiu ao ler divido como duvido. Creio que deveria ser: "With me it's simple, I share everything.., but my stage, that I do not share."

Wilson Loria New York, New York

WHY DO YOU DO THIS? Love your magazine! But I have a vexing problem... On the letters page, you often publish letters from people requesting information (a question, a source, etc.).

There is never any answer, except what might fit in the header line above the letter.

I have been asked to write the en Often, these letters ask for information about Bratilianii as an immigrant group that might be of general interest. the Encych3pedia of American Inunigr Do you respond individually? If not, Cultures, a major reference work being p what do the people who send these letters lished by Macmillan. think? Even if you do, if you don't print a While I know a lot about the Brazilian response, what is the point of printing the community in New York City and somequestion??? Without a contact address, thing about Brazilians in Massachusetts and etc. no-one else can respond either, so it Florida, I know NOTHING about Brazilian seems utterly pointless! I have noticed this immigrants in other places — where they too in other journals and always wondered live, what kind of work they do, where they about it. are from in Brazil, -social class, race, etc., I would love to know the answer! etc.

Assuming I will never receive one, let me Any info. of any kind would be m h suggest that you could reply in a few lines appreciated. I have read News from Bram n to each such letter printed (as some jourprint and on line on the Internet. I think nals do); or print a statement that, due to are doing an excellent job. constraints, replies will be impossible; or Maxine L. Margolis anything besides those haunting quesDept. ofAnthropology- Univ. of Flo a tions to the void!

E-mail; :Brennan McBride maxineili@nervm.nerdaufledu San Francisco, California BACK TO THE ROOTS MATCHMAKERS FOR BRAZIL :'Pe enter a one-year subscription or We have just received a fairly recent me to News From Brazil. I'll send the $3 fee issue of the Brazil News, sent to us by 'after receiving the first issue. I'm glad I came relatives in California. We are living in across you guys... I'm taking Portuguese Sdo Paulo, and „enjoyed reading your language classes now after having spent magazine very much. quite a bit of time in Brazil this, summer We both found it very informative, visiting my Brazilian side of the fain' y. and full of info relating to Brazil that the Best of luck to You and I'm -looking forw d typical non-Brazilian would never know. to the first issut!

Politics, government issues, tourism, ecoBill Farier nomical statistics, etc:.. The various stoWashington, DC ries you covered in this particular issue AN AUSTRALIAN APPEAL were interesting, and very well written.

I appreciataNewsfivm Brazil bein The issue we received was worthy the net to ena me to get an instant s enough in that we are requesting subscrip- mos so. um mit me aim am tions for at least 4 people. Hopefully they also will fall in love with this wonderful country, people, culture as easily as I did (American husband, Brazilian wife). Continue the great work !!!

Mail to Eric & Andreia Craig News from Brazil - P.O. Box 536 - Los Angeles, CA 90050-0536 Selo Paulo, Brazil For info: (213) 255-4953 IN DENMARK TOO TERNET: brazilnews@aol.com I'm doing an interchange with a group I'll take 1 year (12 issu ) for just 250 an issue. of people from Sdo Paulo through the organization Childrens International SumI'll take 6 m ths (6 issues) for only 250 an issue. mer Villages (CI$V). I'm the leader of the Danish delegation and think that News WHY NOT SEND A GIFT TO 10, 100, EVERYONE YOU KNOW? from Brazil might be something we could NO COUPON NEEDED use in our preparation. Before ordering

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Back to shape A former economic power, Rio de Janeiro, after years of poor performance is once again regaining its luster. And big companies are not afraid to invest there anymore.

CARLOS EMMANUEL DA FONSECA 3ARRETO

After being the capital of Brazil and the brightest pearl on Brazil's economic necklace in the past century, Rio de Janeiro has experienced a consistent, economical, political and cultural decline in the twentieth century. It all started in 1900 with the inauguration of the Port of Santos in Sao Paulo. The ensuing industrialization of that state would inexorably shift Brazil's economic center away from Rio. Then, in the 60's it came the move of the capital to Brasilia. Recently Rio had been frequenting more the police pages of the press than the cultural ones.

Nowadays the trend to move away from Rio is again changing. The Port of Sepetiba is bringing back to the former capital the economic eminence that the state had occupied in the past. This port is just One of many improvements that the new government of Marcelo Alencar is committed to, in order to attract private investment to the State.

The Port of Sepetiba is an infrastructure project considered to serve as the main doorway to the Mercosul, a common market grouping Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay. There are many advantages in Sepetiba compared to any other port in the Southern Cone.

The draft of 18.5 meters (60.7 feet) allows vessels with 150,000 tons to anchor. Santos, the largest Latin American port, has a draft of 14 meters (46 feet) and is already at its capacity.

Furthermore, Sepetiba has the capacity to expand and its strategic location, half- way between Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais (the states with the two largest GNPs in the country) allows for easy accessibility. To facilitate operations, the Brazilian constitution was changed to also permit foreign flag vessels to ship between any Brazilian port.

"Sepetiba will be the largest port in the Southern Cone," says Eliezer Baptista, vice-president of Compan h i a Vale do Rio Doce, a Brazilian mining giant.

Another important addition to Rio is its international airport, commonly known as "Galeao." The state govern-

ment is investing $25 million to expand its cargo terminal.

"We are very optimistic about the cargo flow into Rio," says Flavio Fetter, marketing manager of Lufthansa. "Until recently, the cargo was stored in tents. Now, we will have more space to generate more business," he added.

Moreover, the state plans to reform and expand six other smaller airports in strategic locations. After availability, access is a considerable factor to foster new investment and econom ic growth.

In additior to the privatization of the RFFSA (federal railroad system), the state plans a $500 million investmen i in the transportation infra-structure alone. They plan to duplicate existing highways and build new ones, incILding a major link connecting Sepetiba to Xerem, resu,ting in a major intersection of highways connecting Rio w every other state. Mr. Alencar's government also plans to privatize the main state companies including Banerj (state commercial bank), CTC (public transportation system), Conerj (navigation company), Codert (company of road development and bus terminals), Ceasa (system of food supply and distribution), Ciferal (manufacturer of bus and truck bodies), Serve (aviation company), CEG (natural gas distribution company), Cerj (electricity distribution company), Celf (electricity generation company) and Coperj (petrochemical company).

Rio de Janeiro is by far the richest state in the country if accounted for its oil reserves. However, oil it is not a source of state revenue. According to the constitution, oil exports out of Rio are balanced by its imports of electricity. Local government claims that this unfair trade creates a $140 million loss in revenues per month. Vice-governor, Luiz Paulo Correa da Rocha, guarantees that "we are working to change this chapter very soon." The state is also rich in natural gas, accounting for 35% of the country's total reserves. Besides oil and gas, the government is resuming construction in the Angra II Nuclear Power Plant as yet another source of energy to attract newcomers.

In response to Brazil's increasing problem with telecommunications, Embratel (federal telecommunications company) is building a fiber-optic system connecting Rio to Sao Paulo to Belo Horizonte to Fortaleza.

Furthermore, a joint venture between Rio's City Hall, Embratel, Telerj (state telephone company) and private enterprises is putting forth a construction of 36 buildings equipped with the most advanced telecommunication system, called the Teleporto. The project will cost $1 billion in an eight-year period. The Teleporto is the first of its kind in Latin America in its attempt to become a world-wide center of software production and business. It will provide Rio with another advantage for companies looking for communications and technological opportunities within the Mercosul.

16 NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

In a recent visit to Rio, Volkswagen's vice-president Jose Ignacio Lopez Arriortfia announced that it would locate its new factory of trucks and buses in Resende. It represents an investment of $250 million. "The new Volkswagen factory signifies in the long run, a 5% increase in the state's GNP," says Ronaldo Cezar Coelho, Secretary of Industry, Commerce and Tourism. By the end of 1996, the Firjan (Rio de Janeiro Industry Federation) has confirmed investments in the state totaling US$8 billion which will create 195,864 new jobs, and further, by 1999 another $10 billion of investments are expected to arrive. It is not by chance that the city of Rio de Janeiro with its own stock market, is home to Brazil's investment banks such as Banco Icatu, Banco Garantia, Banco Pactual, and Banco Bozano-Simonsen. Investment in Rio has always been big business.

Another considerable investment is being made in education. Rio already has the highest rate of skilled labor in the country. The state ranks second, after Sao Paulo, in the number of research and universities countrywide. The state has four large federal universities, three state universities, plus several other private institutions, including Rio's acclaimed Fundacao Getulio Vargas and PUC (Pontificia Universidade Catolica).

According to the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics), located in the city of Rio, 34% of Rio's population has at least nine years of education in comparison to 30% in Sao Paulo. The state also is home to Brazil's second largest consumer market: a population of 13 million people with per capita income of $4,300 in comparison to the national rate of $3,100. For these consumers, the city of Rio has just opened two new shopping centers, and has plans to build five more as well as additions to its Barra Shopping, Latin America's already largest shopping center.

Leisure and entertainment are important features of Cariocas' (from Rio city) daily lives. As the birth place of bossa nova, samba and lambada, the city is the world capital of Carnaval and it has a place on the Guiness Book of Records for holding the liveliest New Year's Eve party on the globe. The environment is well suited for entertainment conglomerates such as Rede Manchete and Rede Globo, the fourth largest TV network in the world. The latter is investing $180 million in a state-of-the-art television studio in the city of Rio. An amusement park, "Parque Tematico," a $250 million investment using characters from Brazilian folklore, is also planned.

After appearing for over five years on the American publication Consul Information Sheet which alerts tourists to unsafe travel destinations, Rio de Janeiro was finally taken off the black list. "A good image of Rio is the responsibility of every Brazilian," says Rio's mayor Cesar Maia. He believes that "the trade mark of Brazil is Rio." When one thinks of Brazil, the image that comes to mind is the statue of Christ the Redeemer, the Sugarloaf, and the white sands of Ipanema and Copacabana beaches, glorified in many songs.

Brazilians can not afford to have its trade mark degenerated. Everything that happens in Rio has national and international repercussion for Brazil. The slaughters of V igario Geral shanty town and Candelaria church brought world attention and made more people aware that it was necessary to support a massive change in Rio. With so much happening, Rio hopes to bring back the 60's glamour and once again become one of the most desirable world destinations. The city's New Years Eve party has been generating a lot of enthusiasm. A huge party on the beaches of Rio, directed by Italian opera and movie director Franco Zefirelli, will celebrate the beginning of a new era. Rio de Janeiro hopes to prove that it still deserves the title of Cidade Maravilhosa. • NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

Doing business in Rio Company: Petrobras Location: Campos Product: petroleum Investment: $1.9 billion

Company: Piraque Location: Rio de Janeiro Product: food industry Investment: $11 million

Company: Ciferal Company: hum Refrig.

Location: Caxias Location: Rio de Janeiro Product: bus body Product: refrigerators Investment: $16.8 million Investment: $12 million Company: Pepsi Location: Queimados Product: beverage Investment: $86 million

Company: Real Metalco Location: Rio de Janeiro Product: metallurgy Investment: $14.1 million

Company: CSN Location: Volta Redonda Product: steel Investment: $1.1 billion

Company: Brahma/Miller Location: Rio de Janeiro Product: beverage Investment: $550 million

Company: Getec Quimica Company: Glaxo Location: Sao Goncalo Location: Rio de Janeiro Product: chemical Product: pharmaceutical Investment: $13.8 million Investment: $120 million Company: Fleischmann Location: Petropolis Product: food industry Investment: $16 million

Company: Fabrica Carioca Location: Rio de Janeiro Product: catalytic converter Investment: $12 million

Company: Almax Location: Rio de Janeiro Product: technology Investment: $38 million

Company: Prosint Location: Rio de Janeiro Product: technology Investment: $24 million

Company: Latasa Location: Rio de Janeiro Product: metal can Investment: $77 million

Company: Volkswagen Location: Resende Product: truck and bus Investment: $250 million

Company: TV Globo Location: Rio de Janeiro Product: TV/movies Investment: $180 million

Company: Unipar/Petrobras Location: Duque de Caxias Product: petrochemical Investment: $800 million

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Another Rio We present here an unknown Rio for those willing to forgo the myth of the city as an exclusive temple to hedonism. A Rio full of history, culture and surprises.

MARTAALVIM

When the Portuguese navigators inadvertently mistook the Guanabara Bay for a river, little did they know that the future city of Rio de Janeiro would carry in its name another meaning for which it would be known internationally. Rio — the Portuguese word for river, but also the present tense of the verb rir (to laugh) - has always been associated with entertainment and fun: Samba and Carnaval, sunny beaches and beautiful women in scantyfio dental (dental floss) bikinis are the main ingredients that make the mystique surrounding the city, which also goes by the name of Cidade Maravilhosa, that is, The Wonderful City.

To think, however, that that's all Rio has to offer its residents and the hundreds of thousands of visitors it welcomes every year is a big mistake — just ask Carioca (a Rio native) tour guide Carlos Roquette. According to him there is much more to his hometown than samba and Carnaval, and definitely much more to see than the Corcovado mountain and Sugar Loaf, two of the city's major touristic attractions.

He should know! For the past 12 years the 42-year-old lawyer, museum specialist and professor of Art History and Brazilian Architecture, has developed a unique project consisting of guided tours to Rio's vast cultural patrimony. From the classical to the bizarre, Roquette' s tours are the result of 30 years of lonely and persistent research on a variety of subjects, although some were created based on unusual requests from his customers.

Take, for instance, the custom18

NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

made tour requested by an w rks were commissioned by private parAmerican psychiatrist tie, Roquette himself had, many times, to some time ago: Having kn ck at peoples' doors and ask for permistreated a Brazilian patient sion to enter their properties. In one inin New York for many stance, a homeowner not only allowed the years, the psychiatrist got sudden intrusion, but offered his group reso intrigued and confused fre hments, thus confirming Cariocas' faby his patient's nightmares mo s hospitality. that he decided to go to Rio The long list of Roquette's alternative in the hope of finding some tours also includes: "Rio Esoteric" (or any clues that would, perhaps, other trend), "Rio Bossa Nova" (or any enable him to solve the other music), "Barbershops of Old Rio" (or puzzle. Guided by Roquetany other service), "Rio L.S.D." (or any te, he first wanted to see the other group)... Incidentally, the latter was mansions in the Botafogo na ed after a custom-made tour requested district. At night he asked by middle-aged Englishman, recently widto be taken to gay bars and ow d after 22 years of marriage, and very night clubs. The curious much in need of a "trip." thing is that he didn't want How can one single person be so knowlto talk to anybody and was edgeable about such diverse subjects rangonly interested in the physiing from Renaissance and Colonial arts to cal aspects of the places he L.S.D.? According to Carlos Roquette, he visited—things like furnistarted to read about Rio's cultural patriture and the paint on the mony when he was 12. At the time, living in walls. Roquette jokingly Copacabana and attending Colegio Militar named that tour Nightmares (a school run by the military) in the Tijuca of a Psychiatric Patient in New York, and, right then, the district, across town, he was forced to ride a bus through "Botafogo Mansions" tour was created and is now availdowntown Rio twice a day. He was so impressed by the able to anyone interested. old but still well preserved constructions he'd see along Despite such odd rethe way that he started quests, Professor Carlos to research and read Roquette was first recabout them. As literaognized for his traditure on the subject was Traditional Cultural Tours (Highlights) tional tours, like "Rio scarce, Roquette started Colonial," "Rio Impeto search official records Church of Nossa Senhora da Candelaria (name of a saint): Rio's rial" and "Rio Belleas well as used bookmost prestigious church, its construction started in 1775 and was conEpoque" in which he stores, which became cluded in 1898. Built on the site of a chapel founded in 1610 by Antonio explores not only the one of his passions and, de Palma after he had survived a shipwreck. the church's architectural history, but also the rich 30 years later, the theme beauty displays a mixture of baroque and renaissance styles. Its interior architecture of the city. of one of his alternative is entirely from polychromatic marble from different origins, and the His work is recom- paintings inside the dome — eight pictures by Jodo Zeferino da Costa — tours — "Carioca Used mended by several pubBookstores." use an incredible amount of colored marble, totaling 1,422 stones and lications, among them Here, again, he has weighing around 630 tons.

Fodor's, Frommer' s and another tale to tell: a Municipal Theater: Home of Rio's opera, ballet and orchestral South American HandPhiladelphian lawyer performances, the theater is a small replica of the Paris Opera. Built in book. In 1992 he was (and so-called book col1905 and remodeled in 1934, its construction used highly sophisticated awarded the Medalha lector) asked to be taken techniques and artistic resources, and the greatest painters and sculptors Pedro Ernesto, the highto some used bookstores. of that time contributed with their talents. The theater's adjacent restauest honor conferred by After five hours they rant. Cafe do Teatro, is a sumptuous room completely covered in tiles, the city of Rio de Janeiro were only able to go to with mosaics of Assyrian-influenced Persian themes. to its outstanding citisix out of the more than zens.

30 stores in downtown Travessa do Comercio: A narrow and most charming cobblestone In Roquette' s esti- alleyway that runs behind Arco do Ides (an 18th-century arch built by Rio, at the end of which mation he has guided the collector had spent the rich Telles family), this is one of the rare authentic colonial sites in 12,000 tours and downtown Rio. $22 on six books 600,000 people, walked among them there was a approximately 32,000 first edition of an Arthur Imperial Palace: A beautiful colonial palace originally built in 1743 miles and drove about C. Clarke book from the to house the government headquarters. it became, in 1808. the royal 55,000 miles. One of his family's official residence. On its steps, in 1888, Princesa Isabel abol60's. Once the tour was ished slavery in Brazil. The palace has been restored in recent years and tours alone — to some over the guy confessed is currently used for exhibitions and concerts. of the innumerable garto Roquette that he hated dens designed by interto read, but he would Botanical Garden: Designed by order of the prince-regent Dom nationally acclaimed make so much money Joao, this ecological paradise displays over 8.000 different kinds of plant landscape expert Burle reselling the books in the on 34 acres, including 268 huge royal palms that line the main promenade.

Marx— lasted 29 hours. united States that his 11Because quite a few of Also impressive are the enormous Victoria Regis water lilies from the day stay at a five-star Amazon and the garden's beautiful 18th-century bronze fountains.

Marx's most interesting hotel would be paid for.

NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

19

Just the opposite from Roquette who considers his library of thousands of books his most precious possession. His search is endless, even when he is abroad, where he frequently travels as an invited speaker to international conferences and seminars. His erudition, however, is not an obstacle to the understanding of Rio's cultural patrimony by the lay person. Because he has always a joke or a tale about the places he shows, Roquette considers himself a specialist on culturalfrescuras (not-soimportant things) as well...

Talking of which, he explains that the "Rio L.S.D." tour requested by the widowed Englishman consisted of finding places where the recently available gentleman could meet nice, classy middle-aged women who were not prostitutes. Not only did Carlos Roquette uncover several of those places, but the Englishman had so much fun that he ended up extending his stay in Rio by several weeks — thus, "Rio L.S.D." (Lonely, Single or Divorced).

How to Contact Professor Carlos Roquette: Where: Projetos Roteiros Culturais Rua Santa Clara, 110/904 Copacabana 22041-010 Rio de Janeiro RJ - Brazil Phone-(0115521) 322-4872 Fax - (0115521) 237-4774 When: 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year.

How much: $10/hour/person (3 hours minimum). (Discounts available for groups and students) Idioms: Portuguese, English, Spanish and French 20

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NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

Brazil changed a lot since my last visit in 1993. At that time, while I was in Sao Paulo, the UN Office of Population reported that Greater Sao Paulo had gone over Mexico City. And that meant thar., with 22-million people, the town once called Pauliceia Desvairada by poet Mario de Andrade was second only to Tokyo, Japan. A sobering piece of news.

Sao Paulo City keeps on buiiding like crazy. In Rio, many natives make fun of Mayor Cesar Maia, saying that he's replacing the old wavy-patterned sidewalk stones because he doesn't approve of their wavelength. In the country's two biggest cities many streets now look like Oriental hazaars, with stands selling every imaginable item under the sun (or smog, in Sao Paulo), from antiques to zithers, from exquisite lace to ratty furs. Together, says Veja magazine, no less than 30 million Brazilians nationwide operate what economists call the "informal economy."

This is an underground trading, and manufacturing too, without licenses, taxes, import duties, or invoices.

According to Veja estimates, it moves over $205 per year, something to ponder about. More money than the GDP of a few First World countries. The good news is, that many changes, I believe, are to the better.

At least in Sao Paulo and Rio, the poor are eating better: you don't meet living skeletons, Somalia or Rwanda-style, even among the homeless living in cardboard slums, the favelas (shantytowns) now a generic social term listed in most self-respecting English dictionaries. are Restaurants crowded at all times, although you don't have to sit anywhere to buy a sandwich, bits of broiled meat allo spiedo (on a spit), all sorts of fruit juices and sodas, coxinhas (reconstructed chicken and bread tidbits), pastries. However, if you want to buy cooked food by the pound, you NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

Fora change The big cities keep getting bigger. To survive, millions have been operating a properous industry that pays no taxes, has no license, but makes poverty a little less painful. At least there are no walking skeletons in the streets of Sao Paulo or Rio. WILSON VELLOSO

de dรณate

12.4***WiOttitiONICIOI

must go inside, get a shopping ticket, pick up from a vast array of dishes, sidedishes, salads, soups, sauces, toppings, desserts, then have your plate weighed at the cashier. What kind of food can you get in the "Por kilo" places?

Anything from the Portuguese, Italian, Japanese, Arabic, Thai, Polish, Chinese , etc. cuisines.

In the most enterprising places, such as "Ryan's Fast Foods" in Sao Paulo, you can have lasagna and feijoada (black beans), egg rolls with cassava; others offer matzos with plum guacamole, pancakes filled with zucchini, olives and cheese, salads of native mango, kiwi, persimmon, melon, grape, star fruit; topped with yogurt if you like. For a happy ending, an Arab dessert of sesame seeds, almonds, and honey.

Rio doesn't yet have such dazzling variety but does fairly well, thank you. It doesn't flaunt an extensive Metro (subway) network either; but pretty soon its South Line will reach Copacabana.

On the other hand, the city has a tremendous fleet of buses of all colors and liveries serving routes combining all destinations possible. Add a bit extra to your Metro fare and buy a combo ticket equally good for rides on buses, suburban trains and/or ferryboats across the bay, in varying configurations. The sao Paulo Metro moves more people in one day than its Washington DC counterpart in two months.

And, like in New York, the same 88cent fare takes you anywhere on the web.

During the rush the Sao Paulo subway runs a train every 90 seconds. Stations are impeccably clean, with scads of janitors on duty all the time.

The no-nonsense turnstiles accept multiplefare tickets from any end or side and tell you 21

how many rides are left. If you want to, you write the when dogs were tied up with sausages." figure on the ticket yourself. Senior citizens ride from From time to time, a daredevil reporter comes out free both on the subway and the buses, even the private with a documented story on slave pools hauling laborones. ers around the country to work in big estates growing In the DC subway several escalators are on the sugarcane and other commodities. Sometimes, stories blink, or under repair, in any given day. In Sao Paulo, say, they're paid $20 a month, just enough to keep even escalators open tropical storms run all the time. If body and soul together for a pre-ordained time. This, of an occasional one stops, the passenger flow is momen course, justifies the labor turnover, and accelerates the tarily detoured to a standby escalator. Like in Europe, activity of slave-traders on a commission of so much most stations have several entrances and exits to differper head. Awesome stories of workers owing their ent directions, square, even on different levels. And souls to the company store, just like in the Ernie Ford's they have clean restrooms too. song, have gone the rounds for years and have even Service people, like those waiting at tables, lugshaken up United Nations bodies. gage suitcases, doormen, chauffeurs, and many others Summing up, modern-day Brazil is having its share are being better paid. Because Brazilians are not yet of plusses and minuses, just like it did before. The only familiar with the new real coins, the minimum tip is difference is that now you can read about it, and watch usually an 1-real bill even if the job was worth only 2 it on television. The point is: when will something be or 3 reais. The new currency is holding its ground visdone about it? • d-vis the dollar and other foreign money, with a varying agio of 4 to 7 percent over the dollar. And the traveler check dollar is worth only 92 Brazilian cents.

(213) 613-0943 - Downtown L.A. On the negative side, news(310) 641-4894 - LAX Airport papers are full of typos and substandard language: publish(310) 575-4544 - West L.A. ers have invested heavily in electronic equipment, and ap(714) 668-1175 - Orange County parently no longer can afford (714) 668-0515 - Espanol editors and proofreaders. Since most writers and reporters are bright-eyed but inexperienced eager beavers just out of journalism school, loosed on the computers and being paid bottom wages, the overall result is dismal. The bosses seem to LIMA 1189 think that run-of-paper color, BUENOI AIRE! 649 used rather indiscriminately MONTEVIDEO 649 and garishly, compensates for the style flaws. Full-color ads FROM JA0 PAULO (OPEN 1 YEAR) $750 SEASON run riot all over the papers.

Some domestic news are alarming: landless peasants inR10/1".Ao PAULO (21 DAYI) $571 vading fallow land belonging to remote owners, including IALVADOR/BRAfiLIA i666 foreign corporations, have been BELO HORIZONTE/RECIFE 666 rounded up and massacred by PORTO ALEGRE 722 moonlighting policemen paid by landowners. The infamous death squads still operate all ONE STOPOVER PERMITTED IN RIO OR SAO PAULO over. They now claim that to be "protecting society" executing To hardened petty criminals, including minors, who probably RT OPEN RETURN refuse to pay sufficient protection money to the killers in mufti. Nothing much happens PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE to these "ethnic cleansing" practitioners. The creaky Brazilian legal system is an ancient oddity from "the time

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enais ance man Brazilian Ricardo Movits is the artist who is writer who is musician who is playwright who is philosopher who is poet who is painter who is mystic. Temporarily living in California he has been delighting audiences with his insight and talent.

L M. FRANCA

Sorcerers, mermaids, angels, fairies, mystic figures and interplanetary visions are always part of the dreams of poet, musician, composer, dramaturge and fine artist Ricardo Movits. Able to transport his transcendental visions with subtlety and a touch of magic, musician Movits launched his first record in 1988 in Brazil. It was Ponte para o Invisivel (Bridge to the invisible), a work done in partnership with American composer Paul Haustein. It was a success.

Soon after Ricardo Movits decided to publish a poetry book, together with a cassette in which he recites some of his verses accompanied by music. The work sold out quickly. Still in Brazil the duo Movits-Haustein decided to release a bilingual (Portuguese and English) new-wave experimental CD. The album used innovative editing of the songs while exposing a theme rarely touched in music: the beyond.

"I am convinced of the existence of other worlds and other beings," says fine artist Movits, who has been painting for 20 years. "My work has been pointing out this reality which must be acknowledged and spread out in today's world. My message is of peace and the gentleness of the songs are living examples of everything that one day will be revealed to us all."

Movits comes from a family of artists. "My father," he reveals, "is a talented poet. My grandma continues to create beautiful artwork at 84, and my grandpa was a great photographer in Rio in the 40s." The esoteric and the supernatural influences were already present at childhood. Journalist Sergio Alagemovits, his father (Ricardo shortened his last name to Movits) is known for his research with ufologists.

Says the artist: "Since childhood, extra terrestrials and all subtle beings in nature, that is, those who have an energetic vibration that differs from humans, were always treated with utmost respect by my parents and friends who visited our house." .

Since early childhood Ricardo demonstrated talent and interest for the art world. He was only seven when he started painting and taking classical piano classes. The boy was never too much enthusiastic about soccer and the usual games boys his age were playing.

At 9, the young artist from Brasilia got his first award winning first prize in a national art competition promoted by Detran, the traffic department. Other first places followed. He was only 19 when he was called to be the coordinator of the Art Department of Brazil's National Congress.

At 21, breaking an age rule previously broken only by Emperor Pedro II when enthroned, Movits was bestowed the title of Great Inspector General of the Grade 33 of the Masonry. Two years later, Ricardo launched his first book with his poetry and illustrations. That same year, Ricardo was invited to live in Barcelona, Spain, where he had a chance to show his work at the Aida Gallery and studied illustration techniques.

Upon his return to Brazil, Ricardo participated as the only Brazilian artist in The Gaia Rainforest Concerts for the Forest Peoples of the World, promoted by the London's Gaia Foundation. He used the occasioin to launch his first record with the song "Ponte para o Invisivel" which was applauded by the critics. Soon after he would participate with his printed illustrations in So Paulo's 11th International Biennial of Books.

The 1992 International Conference for the Environment promoted by 24

NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

ENVIE 0 SEU DINHEIRO PELA

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BRAZIL AIR the UN in Rio .92 also exhibited one of Movits' panel.; depicting the new ecological consciousness of humankind. At 28, Movits received an important commission from Brasilia's Museum of Art. Now his work is part of the permanent collection of tnat museum.

Due to his philosophy, Movits became an original and maverick kind of artist. "I refuse to work just to please the public and sell," he notes. "I do what I believe in and I refuse to follow fashion or rules in art ." He is tuned off by art that's used simply as decoration.

For Movits, who has been in the US for a little longer than a year, art has to speak by itself. That's why his works are rich in messages and symbols. "People must feel free in front of any piece of art, that's why I use symbols quite a lot. Works of art are not definite things. Each one decodes them accordingly to their own experience."

Vibrant colors and luminosity invariably flame the human bodies which appear in almost all of his paintings (usually made in acrylic on canvas). "Our evolution is not of a stationary nature, contrary to what many believe. We, human beings, are and always will be in a process of change. That's how I see ourselves, integrated in the universal state of things," explains the artist.

After his exhibitions in San Diego, Los Angeles and San Francisco, Movits goes back to his painting. His new work will include a series of angelical figures, a very • popular subject in Brazil nowadays.

NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

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NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

Two friends and a bore Os do is estayam tomando um cafezinho no boteco da esquina, antes de partirem para as suas respectivas reparticOes. Urn tinha urn nome Ilia: era o Ze. 0 outro tinha urn nome desses de dar caibra em lingua de crioulo: era o Flaudemiglio.

Acabado o cafe o XC perguntou: — Vais pra cidade?

— Vou — respondeu Flaudemiglio, acrescentando: — Mas you pel..!ar o 434. que vai pela Eapa. Eu tenho que entregar uma urinazinha de minha mulher no laboratorio da Associacao, que é au i na Mem de XC acendeu urn cigarro e olhou para a fila do 474, que ia direto pro ccntro C. por isso. era a fila mais piruada. Tinha gente as pampas.

— Vens comigo? — quis saber Flaudemiglio.

— Nao — disse o — Eu cstou atrasado e you pegar urn direto ao centro.

— Entao la — concordou Flaudemiglio. olhando para a outra csquina c, vendo que a vinha o que passava pela Lapa: —Chi! La yem o meu... — e correu para o ponto de parada, fazendo sinal para o onibus parar.

Foi ai que. segurando o guarda-chuva. urn embrulho e mais o yidrinho da urinazinha (como etc carinhosamente chamava o material recolhido pela mulher na vespera para o exame de laboratorio...), foi ai que o Flaudemiglio se atrapalhou e deixou cair algo no chao.

0 motorista, corn aquela delicadeza peculiar a classe, ja ia NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

botando o carro em movimento, nao dando tempo ao passageiro para apanhar o que caira. Flaudemiglio sei teve tempo de berrar para o amigo: — Ze, caiu minha carteira de identidade. Apanha C me entrega logo mais.

0 434 seguiu e Ze, atravessou a rua, para apanhar a carteira do outro. Já estava chegando perto quando urn cidadao magrela e antipatico e, ainda por cima, corn sorriso de Juraci Magalhaes, apanhou a carteira de Flaudemiglio.

— Pot favor, cavalheiro, esta carteira é de urn amigo meu — disse o XC estendendo a mao.

Mas o que tinha sorriso de Juraci nao entregou. Examinou a carteira e depois perguntou: —Como é o nome do seu amigo?

— Flaudemiglio — respondeu o Ze. — Flaudemiglio de que? — insistiu o chato.

Mas o Ze deu-lhe urn safanao e tomou-lhe a carteira, dizendo: — Ora, seu cretino, quem acerta Flaudemiglio nao precisa acertar mais nada!

The dead man's wish Seu lrineu Boaventura nao era tao bem-aventurado assim, pois sua saude nao era la para que se diga. Pelo contrario, seu lrineu ultimamente já tava ate curvando a espinha, tendo merecido, por parte de vizinhos mais irreverentes, o significativo apelido de -Pe-na-Cove. Se digo significativo C porque seu Irineu Boaventura realmente já dava a impressao de que, muito brevemente, iria comer capim pela raiz, isto é, jam plantar ele 29

e botar um jardinzinho por cima.

Se havia expectativa em tomb do passamento do seu Irineu?

Havia sim. 0 velho tinha os seus guardados. Nao eram bens imeveis. pois seu Irineu conhecia de sobra Altamirando, seu sobrinho, e sabia que, se comprasse terreno, o nefando parente se instalaria nele sem a menor cerimonia. De mais a mais, o velho era antigao: no comprava o que nao precisava e nem dava dinheiro por papel pintado. Dessa forma, nao possuia bens imoveis, nem acOes. debentures e outras bossas. A erva dele era viva. Tudo guardado em pacotinhos, num cofrao verde que ele tinha no escritorio.

Nessa erva é que a parentada botava olho grande. corn os mais afoitos entregando-se ao feio vicio do puxa-saquismo, principalmente depois que o velho comecou a ficar corn aquela cor de uma bonita tonalidade cadaverica. 0 sobrinho, embora mais mau-carater do que o resto da familia, foi o que teve a atitude mais lea!, porque, numa tarde em que seu Irineu tossia muito, perguntou assim de supetao: — Titio, se o senhor puser o bloco na rua, pra quern é que flea o seu dinheiro, hem?

0 velho, engasgado de ()di°, chegou a perder a tonalidade cadaverica e ficar levemente ruborizado, respondendo corn voz rouca: — Na hora em que eu morrer, voce vai ver, seu cretino.

Alguns dias depois, deu-se o evento. Seu Irineu pisou no prego e esvaziou. Apanhou urn resfriado, do resfriado passou pneumonia, da pneumonia passou ao estado de coma e do estado de coma nao passou mais. Levou pau e foi reprovado. Urn medico do SAMDU, muito a contragosto, compareceu ao local e deu o atestado de Otto.

— Bota titio na mesa da sala de visitas — aconselhou Altamirando; e comecou o velOrio. Tudo que era parente corn razoaveis esperancas de heranca foi velar o morto. Mesmo parentes desesperancados compareceram ao ato fUnebre, porque estas coisas voces sabem como sao: velho rico, solteirao, rende sempre urn dinheirao. Horas antes do enterro, abriram o cofrao verde onde havia sessenta milhdes em cruzeiros, vinte em pacotinhos de "Tiradentes" e quarenta em pacotinhos de "Santos Dumont": — 0 velho tinha menos dinheiro do que eu pensava — disse alto o sobrinho. E logo adiante acrescentava baixinho: — Vai ver, gastava corn mulher.

Se gastava ou nao, nunca se soube. Tomou-se — isto sim — conhecimento de uma carta que estava cuidadosamente colocada dentro do cofre, sobre o dinheiro. E na carta o velho dizia: "Quero ser enterrado junto corn a quantia existente nesse cofre, que é tudo o que eu possuo e que foi ganho corn o suor do meu rosto, sem a ajuda de parente vagabundo nenhum." E, por baixo, a assinatura corn firma reconhecida para nao haver davida: Irineu de Carvalho Pinto Boaventura.

Pra que! Nunca se chorou tanto num velorio sem se ligar pro morto. A parentada chorava as pampas, mas nao apareceu ninguem corn peito para desrespeitar a vontade do falecido. Estava todo o mundo vigiando todo o mundo, e la foram aquelas notas novinhas arrumadas ao lado do corpo, dentro do caixao.

Foi quase na hora do corpo sair. Desde o momento em que se tomou conhecimento do que a carta dizia, que Altamirando imaginava urn jeito de passar o morto pra tras. Era muita sopa deixar aquele dinheiro all pro velho gastar corn minhoca. Pensou, pensou e, na hora que iam fechar o caixao, ele deu o grito de "pera al". Tirou os sessenta milhOes de dentro do caixao, fez urn cheque 30

da mesma importancia, jogou la dentro e disse "fecha".

— Se ele precisar, mais tarde desconta o cheque no Banco.

National hell A historinha abaixo transcrita surgiu no folclore de Belo Horizonte e foi contada la, numa versa° politica. Nao e o nosso caso. Vai contada aqui no seu mais puro estilo folclOrico, sem maiores rodeios.

Diz que era uma vez um camarada que abotoou o paleto. Em vida o falecido foi muito dado a falcatrua, chegou a ser candidato a vereador pelo PTB, foi diretor de instituto de previdencia, foi amigo do Tenorio, enfim... ao morrer nem conversou: foi direto para o Inferno. Em la chegando, pediu audiencia a Satands e perguntou: — Qual é o lance aqui?

Satands explicou que o Inferno estava dividido em diversos departamentos, cada urn administrado por urn pals, mas o falecido nao precisava ficar no departamento administrado pelo seu pals de origem. Podia ficar no departamento do pals que escolhesse. Ele agradeceu muito e disse a Satands que ia dar uma voltinha para escolher o seu departamento.

Esta claro que saiu do gabinete do Diabo e foi logo para o departamento dos Estados Unidos, achando que la devia ser mais organizado o inferninho que the caberia para toda a eternidade. Entrou no departamento dos Estados Unidos e perguntou como era o regime ali.

— Quinhentas chibatadas pela manha, depois passar duas horas num forno de duzentos graus. Na parte da tarde: ficar numa geladeira de cem graus abaixo de zero ate as tres horas, e voltar ao forno de duzentos graus.

0 falecido ficou besta e tratou de cair fora, em busca de urn departamento menos rigoroso. Esteve no da Russia, no do Japao, no da Franca, mas era tudo a mesma coisa. Foi ai que the informaram que tudo era igual: a divisao em departamento era apenas para facilitar o servico no Inferno, mas em todo lugar o regime era o mesmo: quinhentas chibatadas pela manha, forno de duzentos graus durante o dia e geladeira de cem graus abaixo de zero pela tarde.

0 falecido já caminhava desconsolado por uma rua infernal, quando viu urn departamento escrito na porta: Brasil. E notou que a fila a entrada era maior do que a dos outros departamentos.

Pensou corn suas chaminhas: "Aqui tern peixe por debaixo do angu". Entrou na fila e comecou a chatear o camarada da frente, perguntando por que a fila era maior e os enfileirados menos tristes. 0 camarada da frente fingia que nao ouvia, mas ele tanto insistiu que o outro, corn medo de chamarem a atencao, disse baixinho: — Fica na moita, e nao espalha nao. 0 forno daqui esta quebrado e a geladeira anda meio enguicada. Nao da mais de trinta e cinco graus por dia.

— E as quinhentas chibatadas? — perguntou o falecido.

— Ah... 0 sujeito encarregado desse servico vem aqui de manha, assina o ponto e cai fora.

Police reporter Estavamos fazendo hora para ir pra nossa aula de agogo, ouvindo o Concerto em re maior — Opus 77, de Johannes Brahms, executado por Fritz Kreisler corn a Orquestra da Opera de Berlim, sob a direcao do maestro Leo Blech (queiram perdoar), quando surgiu em nossa modesta mansao conhecida dama do mundanismo (e aqui somos obrigados a abrir mais um parentese para pedir encarecidamente a voces que nao confundam dama do mundanismo NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

corn mundana simples, pois, embora seus processos sejam semelhantes, ha uma diferenca sutil entre elas).

Onde estavamos mesmo? Ah, sim... corn a dam a do mundanismo. Ela chegou e comecou a conversar muito animada e n6s, na impossibilidade de desliga-la, desligamos Johannes Brahms, ficamos a escuta-la. Vanja vai, Vanja vem, o assunto passou a ser imprensa. A elegante senhora e — corn o perclao da palavra — tarada por noticidrio policial. Quis saber se ja fomos reporter policial, coisa que confirmamos corn um leve rubor a assomar na face, como sao escolhidas as noticias sangrentas da imprensa idem, quais os cobras dessa imprensa e outros blablablas.

Da conversa que tivemos acho interessante passar aos distintos leitores, que me honram corn a sua preferencia, alguns aspectos da hist6ria desses jornais que sdo impressos corn sangue e onde abundam os rep6rteres amasios do escandalo. E, se dizemos amasios e nao amantes, é para estar ao gosto deles.

0 reporter policial, tal como o locutor esportivo, é urn camarada que fala uma lingua especial, imposta pela contingencia: quanto mais cocoroca, melhor. Assim como o locutor esportivo jamais chamou nada pelo nome comum, assim tambem o repOrter policial 6 urn entortado literdrio. Nessa classe, os que se prezam nunca chamariam urn hospital de hospital. De jeito nenhum. E nosocomio.

Nunca, em tempo algum, qualquer vitima de atropelamento, tentativa de morte, conflito, briga ou simples indisposicao intestinal foi parar num hospital. SO vai pra nosocomio.

E assim sucessivamente. Qualquer cidadao que vai a policia prestar declaracOes que possam ajuda-la numa diligencia (apelido que des puseram no ato de investigar), é logo apelidado de testemunha-chave. Suspeito é "Mister X-, advogado é causidico, soldado é militar, marinheiro é naval, copeira é domestica e, conforme esteja deitada a vitima de urn crime — de costas ou de barriga pra baixo — fica numa destas duas incomodas posicOes: decnbito dorsal ou decubito ventral.

Num crime descrito pela imprensa sangrenta a vitima nunca se vestiu. A vitima trajava. Todo mundo se veste, tirante a Luz del Fuego, mas basta virar vitima de crime, que a rapaziada sadia ignora o verbo comum e mete Id: "A vitima trajava terno azul e gravata do mesmo tom". Eis, portanto, que é preciso estar acostumado ao métier para morar no noticiario policial. Como os locutores esportivos, a Delegacia do Imposto de Renda, os guardas de transito, as mulheres dos outros, os reporteres policiais nasceram para complicar a vida da gente. Se um porco morde a perna de urn caixeiro de uma dessas casas da banha, por exemplo, é batata... a manchete no dia seguinte tá la: "Suino atacou comerciario.

Outro detalhezinho interessante: se a vitima de uma agressdo morre, ta legal, mas se — ao contrario — em vez de morrer fica estendida no asfalto, esta indefectivelmente prostrada. Podia estar caida, derrubada ou mesmo derribada, mas urn reporter de crime nao vai trair a classe assim a toa. E castiga na pagina: "Naval prostrou desafeto corn certeira facada." Desafeto — para os que sac) novos na turma— devemos explicar que é inimigo, adversario, etc. E mais: se morre na hora, tã certo; do contrario, morrera invariavelmente ao dar entrada na sala de operacoes.

De como vive a imprensa sangrenta, é facil explicar. Vive da desgraca alheia, em fotos ampliadas. Urn reporter de policia, quando esta sem noticia, fica na redacdo, telefonando pras delegacias distritais ou para os hospitais, perddo, para os nosocomios, onde sempre tern um cumpincha de plantdo. 0 cumpincha atende la, e ele fala: "Alo, é do Quinto? Fala Fulano.

Alguma novidade? 0 que? Estupro? Oba! Vou já para ai". Ou entao é pro pronto-socorro: AIO. E Fulano, da Luta. Sim. Atropelamento? Ah... mas sem fratura exposta nao interessa".

E hd tambem a concorrencia entre os coleguinhas da cronica sangrenta. Primo Altamirando, quando trabalhou nesse setor, se fez notar pela sua indiscutivel capacidade profissional para o posto. Urn dia, ele telefonou para o secretario do jornal: — Alo, quem esta falando é Mirinho. Olha, manda um fot6grafo aqui na estacao de Cordovil, pra fotografar urn cara.

— Que é que houve?

— Foi atropelado pelo trem, esta todo esmigalhado. Vai dar uma fotografia linda para a primeira pagina.

— 0 cadaver está sem cabeca?

NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

— Ndo. — Entao ndo vale a pena.

—Ndo diga isso, chefe. Mande o fotografo que, ate ele chegar. eu dou jeito de arrancar a cabeca do falecido.

The smuggling old lady Diz que era uma velhinha que sabia andar de lambreta. Todo dia ela passava na fl•onteira montada na lambreta, corn urn bruto saco atras da lambreta. 0 pessoal da alfandega — tudo malandro velho — comeco a clesconfiar da velhinha.

Urn dia, quando ela vinha na lambreta corn o saco atras, o fiscal da alfandega rnandou ela parar. A velhinha parou e entdo o fiscal perguntou assim pra ela: — Escuta aqui, vovozinha, a senhora passa por aqui todo dia, com esse saco al atras. Que diabo a senhora leva nesse saco?

A velhinha sorr' u corn os poucos dentes que lhe restavam e mais os outros, que ela adquirira no odontologo, e respondeu: — E areia!

Al quem sorriu foi o fiscal. Achou que nao era areia nenhuma e mandou a velhinha saltar da lambreta para examinar o saco. A velhinha saltou, o fiscal esvaziou o saco e dentro so tinha areia.

Muito encabulado, ordenou a velhinha que fosse em frente. Ela montou na lambreta e foi embora, corn o saco de areia atras.

Mas o fiscal ficou desconfiado ainda. Talvez a velhinha passasse urn dia corn areia e no outro corn moamba, dentro daquele maldito saco. No did seguinte, quando ela passou na lambreta corn o saco atras, o fisca mandou parar outra vez. Perguntou o que é que ela levava no saCo e ela respondeu que era areia, uai! 0 fiscal examinou e era diesmo. Durante um mes seguido o fiscal interceptou a velhinha e, todas as vezes, o que ela levava no saco era areia.

Diz que foi al que o fiscal se chateou: — Olha, vovozihha, eu sou fiscal de alfandega corn quarenta anos de servico. Manjo essa coisa de contrabando pra burro.

Ninguem me tira da cabeca que a senhora e contrabandista.

— Mas no saco so tern areia! — insistiu a velhinha. E jã ia tocar a lambreta, quando o fiscal propos: — Eu prometo a senhora que deixo a senhora passar. Nao dou parte, ndo apreendo, nao conto nada a ninguem, mas a senhora vai me dizer: qual é o contraband° que a senhora esta passando por aqui todos os dias?

— 0 senhor promete que nao "espaia"? — quis saber a velhinha.

— Juro — respondeu o fiscal.

— E lambreta.

Latricerio Tinha um linguajar dificil, o Latricerio. Já de nome era ruinzinho, que Latricerio ndo é la nomenclatura muito desejada.

E era al que comecavam os seus erros.

Foi porteiro Id do predio durante muito tempo. Era prestativo e bom sujeito, mas sempre corn o grave defeito de pensar que sabia e entendia de tudo. Alias, acabou despedido por isso mesmo. Um dia enguicou a descarga do vaso sanitario de um apartamento e ele achou que sabia endireitar. 0 sindico do predio já ia chamar um bombeiro, quando Latricerio apareceu dizendo que deixassem por sua conta. Dizem que o dono do banheiro protestou, na lembranca talvez de outros malfadados consertos feitos pelo servical porteiro.

Mas o sindico acalmou-o corn esta desculpa excelente: —Deixe ele consertar, afinal sao quase xards e la se entendem.

Dono da permisSao, o nosso amigo — ate hoje ninguern sabe explicar por que — fez um rapid° exame no aparelho em pane e desceu aos fundos do edificio, avisando antes que o defeito era "nos cano de orige" La embaixo, comecou a mexer na caixa do gas e, as tantas, quase provoca uma tremenda explosao. Passado o susto e a certeza de mais esse desservico, a paciencia do sindico atingiu o seu limite 31

maxim° e o porteiro foi despedido.

Desses cachorrinhos de caca, cheios de nhenhenhem, que Latricerio arrumou sua trouxa e partiu para nunca mais, comem comidinha especial, precisam de muitos cuidados, enfim, deixando tristezas para duas pessoas: para a empregada do 801, urn chato de galocha. E, como se isso ndo bastasse, implicava corn que era sua namorada, e para mim, que via nele uma grande o dono da casa. personagem.

— Vivia de rabo abanando para todo mundo, mas quando eu Lembro-me que, mesmo tendo sido, por diversas vezes, vitima entrava ern casa vinha logo corn aquele latido fininho e antipatico, de suas habilidades, lamejitei o ocorrido, dando todo o meu apoio de cachorro de francesa. ao Latricerio e afirmando-lhe que fora precipitacao do sindico. Na Ainda por cima era puxa-saco. Lembrava certos politicos da hora da despedida, passei-lhe as mdos uma estampa do American oposicao, que espinafram o ministro, mas, quando estdo corn o Bank Note no valor de quinhentos cruzeiros, oferecendo ainda, ministro, ficam mais por baixo que tapete de pordo. Quando como premio de consolacdo, uma horrenda gravata, cheia de cruzavam num corredor ou qualquer outra dependencia da casa, o coqueiros dourados, virgem de uso, pois nela ndo tocara desde o desgracado rosnava ameacador, mas, quando a patroa estava meu aniversdrio, dia em que o Bill—o americano do 602—a perto, abanava o rabinho, fingindo-se seu amigo. trouxera como lembranca da data.

— Quando eu reclamava, dizendo que o cachorro era urn Mas, como ficou dito acima, Latricerio tinha urn linguajar cinico, minha mulher brigava comigo, dizendo que nunca houve dificil, e e preciso explicar por que. Falava tudo errado, misturando cachorro fingido e eu ë que implicava corn o "pobrezinho". palavras, trocando-lhes o sentido e empregando os mais estranhos Num rapid° balanco poderia assinalar: o cachorro comeu oito termos para definir as coisas mais elementares. Afora as expresso-es meias suas, roeu a manga de urn paleto de casimira inglesa, atribuidas a todos os "malfalantes", como "compromisso de rasgara diversos livros, ndo podia ver urn pe de sapato que cafiaspirina", "vento encarnado", "libras estrelinhas", etc., tinha arrastava para locais incriveis. A vida Ia em sua casa estava se erros s6 seus. tornando insuportdvel. Estava vendo a hora em que se desquitava No dia em que estiveram Id no predio, por exemplo, uns por causa daquele bicho cretino. Tentou manda-lo embora umas avaliadores da firma a quem o proprietdrio ia hipotecar o imovel, o porteiro, depois de acompanha-los na vistoria, veio contar a vinte vezes e era uma choradeira das criancas e uma espinafracdo da mulher. novidade: — Voce é um desalmado — disse ela, uma vez.

— Magine, doutor! Eles viero avalsd Venceu a guerra fria corn o as impoteca! cachorro gracas a ma educacdo do E claro que, no principio, ndo foi facil adversdrio. 0 cdozinho comecou a compreender as fazer pipi onde ndo devia. Varias coisas que ele dizia mas corn o tempo, vezes exemplado, prosseguiu no feio acabei me acostumando. Por isso ndo vicio. Fez diversas vezes no tapete estranhei quando os ladraes entraram no da sala. Fez duas na boneca da filha apartamento de Dona Vera, entdo sob sua maior. Quatro ou cinco vezes fez guarda, e ele veio me dizer, intrigado: nos brinquedos da cacula. E tudo — NA° compreendo como eles culminou corn o pipi que fez em entraro. Pois as portas tava tudo "aritmecima do vestido novo de sua mulher. ticamente" fechadas.

— Al mandaram o cachorro Tentar emendar-lhe os erros era em embora? — perguntei. pura perda. 0 melhor era deixar como — Mandaram. Mas eu fiz quesestava. Corn sua maneira de falar, afinal, tdo de dd-lo de presente a urn amigo conseguira tornar-se uma das figuras mais que adora cachorros. Ele estd populares do quarteirdo e eu, longe de I evando urn viddo em sua nova corrigir-lhe as besteiras, as vezes falava residencia. como ele ate, para melhor me fazer — Ue... mas voce ndo o detesentender. tava? Como e que ainda arranjou Foi assim no dia em que, corn a devida essa sopa pra ele? licenca do proprietario, mandei derrubar — Problema de consciencia — uma parede e inaugurei uma nova janela, explicou: — 0 pipi nao era dele. corn jardineira por fora, onde pretendia E suspirou cheio de remorso. plantar uns geranios. Estava eu a admirar a obra, quando surgiu o Latricerio para — Ainda ndo esta completa — disse eu — falta colocar umas persianas pelo lado de fora.

Ele deu logo o seu palpite: — Nao adianta, doutor. Al bate muito sol e vai morre tudo.

Percebi que jamais soubera o que vinha a ser persiana e tratei de explicar a sua moda: — Ndo diga tolice, persiana é urn neg6cio parecido corn venezuela.

— Ah, bem, venezuela — repetiu.

E acrescentou: — Pensei que fosse "arguma pranta".

False proof Quem teve a iddia foi o padrinho da cacula — ele me conta.

Trouxe o cachorro de presente e logo a familia inteira se apaixonou pelo bicho. Ele ate que ndo e contra isso de se ter urn animalzinho em casa, desde que seja obediente e corn urn minimo de educacdo.

— Mas o cachorro era um chato — desabafou.

32

The fable of two lions

Diz que eram dois lefts que fugiram do jardim zoolOgico. Na hora da fuga cada urn tomou um rumo, para despistar os perseguidores. Urn dos leoes foi para as matas da Tijuca e outro foi para o centro da cidade. Procuraram os leOes de todo jeito mas ninguem encontrou. Tinham sumido, que nem o leite.

Vai dal, depois de uma semana, para surpresa geral, o led° que voltou foi justamente o que fugira para as matas da Tijuca. Voltou magro, faminto e alquebrado. Foi preciso pedir a um deputado do PTB que arranjasse vaga para ele no jardim zoologico outra vez, porque ninguem via vantagem ern reintegrar urn leao tan carcomido assim. E, como deputado do PTB arranja sempre colocacdo para quern ndo interessa colocar, o ledo foi reconduzido a sua jaula.

Passaram-se oito meses e ninguem mais se lembrava do led° que fugira para o centro da cidade quando, Id um dia, o bruto foi recapturado. Voltou para o jardim zoologico gordo, sadio, vendendo sadde. Apresentava aquele ar prOspero do Augusto Frederico Schmidt, que, para certas coisas, tambem é lea°.

NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

Mal ficaram juntos de novo, o led° que fugira para as florestas da Tijuca disse pro coleguinha: — Puxa, rapaz, como é que voce conseguiu ficar na cidade esse tempo todo e ainda voltar corn essa sande? Eu, que fugi para as matas da Tijuca, tive que pedir arrego, porque quase ndo encontrava o que corner, como é entdo que voce... vá, diz como foi. o outro led° entdo explicou: — Eu meti os peitos e fui me esconder numa reparticdo pnblica. Cada dia eu comia urn funcionario e ninguem dava por falta dele.

— E por que voltou pra cá? Tinham acabado os funcionarios?

— Nada disso. 0 que ndo acaba no Brasil é funcionario public°. E que eu cometi um erro gravissimo. Comi o diretor, idem urn chefe de secdo, funcionarios diversos, ninguem dava por falta. No dia em que eu comi o cara que servia o cafezinho... me apanharam.

Mystery story Corn a gola do paleto levantada e a aba do chapel.' abaixada, caminhando pelos cantos escuros, era quase impossivel a qualquer pessoa que cruzasse corn ele ver seu rosto. No local combinado, parou e fez o sinal que tinham ja estipulado a guisa de senha. Parou debaixo do poste, acendeu urn cigarro e soltou a fumaca em tres baforadas compassadas. Imediatamente urn sujeito mal-encarado, que se encontrava no café em frente, ajeitou a gravata e cuspiu de banda.

Era aquele. Atravessou cautelosamente a rua, entrou no café e pediu urn guarana. 0 outro sorriu e se aproximou: foi a ordem dada corn voz cava. Deu apenas urn Siga-me! gole no guarand e saiu. 0 outro entrou num beco (mid° e maliluminado e ele — a uma distancia de uns dez a doze passos — entrou tambem.

Ali parecia no haver ninguem. 0 silencio era sepulcral. Mas o homem que ia na frente olhou em volta, certificou-se de que ndo havia ninguem de tocaia e bateu numa janela. Logo uma dobradica gemeu e a porta abriu-se discretamente.

Entraram os dois e deram nurna sala pequena e enfumacada onde, no centro, via-se uma mesa cheia de pequenos pacotes. Por tras dela urn sujeito de barba crescida, roupas humildes e ar de agricultor parecia ter medo do que ia fazer. Ndo hesitou — porem — quando o homem que entrara na frente apontou para o que entrara em seguida e disse: "E este".

0 que estava por tras da mesa pegou urn dos pacotes e entregou ao que falara. Este passou o pacote para o outro e perguntou se trouxera o dinheiro. Urn aceno de cabeca foi a resposta. Enfiou a ma° no bolso, tirou urn bolo de notas e entregou ao parceiro.

Depois virou-se para sair. 0 que entrara corn ele disse que ficaria ali.

Saiu entdo sozinho, caminhando rente as paredes do beco.

Quando alcancou uma rua mais clara, assoviou para urn taxi que passava e mandou tocar a toda pressa para determinado endereco.

0 motorista obedeceu e, meia hora depois, entrava em casa a berrar para a mulher: — Julieta! 0 Julieta... consegui.

A mulher veio la de dentro euxugando as mdos em urn avental, a sorrir de felicidade. 0 marido colocou o pacote sobre a mesa, num ar triunfal. Eta abriu o pacote e verificou que o marido conseguira mesmo. Ali estava: urn quilo de feijdo.

We are out of Xanas Todo dito popular funciona e ficaria o dito pelo ndo dito se os ditos ditos nao funcionassem, dito o que, acrescento que ha urn dito que ndo funciona ou, melhor dito, é urn dito que funciona em parte uma vez que, no setor da ignorancia, o dito falha, talvez para confirmar outro velho dito: o do ndo-hd-regra-sem-excecdo. Digo melhor: o dito mal-de-muitos-consolo-é encerra muita verdade, mas falha quando notamos que ignorancia é o que ndo falta pela ale, no entanto, ninguem gosta de confessar sua ignorancia. Logo, pelo menos al, o dito dito falha.

Tenho experiencia pessoal quanto a má-vontade do prOximo NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

para corn a propria ignorancia, má-vontade esta confirmada diversas vezes em poucos minutos, gracas a uma historinha vivida ao lado do escritor Alvaro Moreira, num dia em que fomos almocar juntos, na cidade.

Já nao me lembro qual o motivo do almoco. Lembro-me, isto sim, que iamos caminhando, quando Alvinho disse, em voz alta: — Le6nio Xands.

—0 que? perguntei, e Alvinho explicou que Leonio Xands era o nome do pintor que estava pintando seu apartamento. Ate me mostrou urn cartdozinho, escrito "Leonio Xands — Pinturas em Geral — Peca Orcamento".

— Hoje acordei corn o nome dele na cabeca. A toda hora digo Leonio Xanas — contava o escritor. — Ainda agorinha, ao entrar no lotacdo, disse alto "Leonio Xanas" e levei urn susto, quando o motorista respondeu: "Passa perto". Ele pensou que eu estava perguntando por determinada rua e foi logo dizendo que passa perto, sem, ao menos, saber que rua era.

Foi al que nos nasceu a vontade de experimentar a sinceridade do prOximo e nos nasceu a certeza de que ninguern gosta de confessar- se ignorante mesmo em relacdo as coisas mais corriqueiras. Entramos numa farmacia para comprar Alka-Seltzer (pretendiamos tomar vinho no almoco) e Alvinho experimentou de novo, perguntando ao farmaceutico: — Tern Le6nio Xanas?

— Estamos em falta — foi a resposta.

Saimos da farmacia e fomos ao predio onde tern escritorio o editor do Alvinho. No elevador, nova experiencia. Desta vez quem perguntou fui eu, dirigindo-me ao cabineiro do elevador: — Em que andar é o consultorio do Dr. Leonio Xands?

Ele é medico de que?

— Das vias urinarias — apressou-se a mentir o amigo, ante a minhatitubeada.

Entdo é no sexto andar — garantiu o cara do elevador, sem o menor remorso. E se ndo tivessemos saltado no quarto andar por conta propria, teria nos deixado no sexto a procurar urn consultorio que ndo existe.

E assim foi a coisa. Ninguem foi capaz de dizer que ndo conhecia nenhum Leonio Xanas ou que não sabia o que era Leonio Xands. Nem mesmo a gerente de uma loja de roupas, que — geralmente — sdo senhoras de comprovada gentileza. Entramos num elegante magazine do centro da cidade para comprar um lenco de seda para presente. Vimos varios todos bacanerrimos, mas — para continuar a pesquisa — indagamos da vendedora: — Ndo tern nenhum da marca Leonio Xanas?

A mocinha pediu que esperassemos um momento, foi ate la dentro e voltou corn a prestativa senhora gerente. Esta sorriu e quis saber qual era mesmo a marca: — Le6nio Xanas — repeti, corn esta impressionante cara-depau que Deus me deu.

Madame voltou a sorrir e respondeu: — Tinhamos, sim, senhor. Mas acabou. Estamos esperando nova remessa.

Foi uma pena rid° ter. Compramos de outra marca qualquer e fomos almocar. Foi urn almoco simpatico com o velho amigo.

Lembro-me que, na hora do vinho, quando o garcom trouxe a carta, Alvinho deu uma olhadela e disse, em torn resoluto: — Queremos uma garrafa de Leonio Xanas tinto.

0 garcom fez uma mesura: — 0 senhor vai me perdoar, doutor. Mas eu ndo aconselho esse vinho.

Devia ser uma questdo de safra, dal aconselhar outro: — 0 Ferreirinha ndo serve?

Serv ia.

E, irmaos, mal de muitos consolo é, mas ignorante que existe as pampas, ninguem quer ser.

From Dois Amigos e urn Chato, Editora Moderna Ltda, Sao Paulo, Brazil In the original, the short cronicas were called: Dois amigos e um chato, A vontade do falecido, Inferno Nacional, Rep6rter policial, A velha contrabandista, Latricerio (Corn o perdao da palavra), Prova Falsa, Fabula dos dots laes, Conto de misterio, A ignorancia ao alcance de todos.

33

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TRAVEL NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

would be relegated to outer space. city is like her food; The futuristic architecture often cuisine reflects a city's intimidates on first glance, but ersonality. Brasilia Brasilia is a city of interior spaces. does not have the gastronomic Once you step inside the looming reputation of So Paulo, South concrete masses you enter into America's culinary capital, nor luminous and welcoming spaces. the seafood Rio de Janeiro can Brasilia is a formal city with graoffer, or Bahian regional cuisine cious old-fashioned customs. Yes, steeped in tradition. Brasilia, like the government lives in Brasilia, all other Brazilian cities, is a but so do many others. legacy unto herself. The cosmoCarved from the side of Goias, Brasilia, the capital of Brazil, is politan character of the capitai.

Brasilia's personality shines with better known for its prizecity unites dishes from all °veil old-fashioned customs. A capital Brazil's immense landscape while winning ultramodern design city only 35 years old, Brasilia also playing host to regional speand for the unfriendliness of possesses a strong emerging percialties from neighboring Goias the city to the people who live sonality. She is like a young girl, known for chicken stewed in safthere. But the power town has no longer a child and not quite a fron and sweetbread scented with its charms, the rich and varied woman. As a city, Brasilia is an nutmeg. More than merely sportfood being one of them. adolescent; her mother is showing a cosmopolitan buffet, the ing her how to walk like a lady, capital has a culinary personality SHERYL BARBIC while her protective father is strict all its own, one that revolves about keeping potential suitors around Brazil' s abundant natureaway. za.

Architecturally designed for efficiency in the form of In Brasilia, one breathes politics as much air. At the super quadras, you go bar hopping from one quadra to end of December, prior to Fernando Henrique Cardoso's the next. When you go out with a friend to share a beer, inauguration, a scandal rocked Brasilia as the restaurant you never know who you may run into and how late you in the House of Congress closed due to gross health will stay out. Unlike many large cities, Brasilia has space violations. It seemed like a bad joke the old cabinet played in which to move and stretch your arms. The slogan no upon that of the new, a metaphor representing how the old caminho do futuro greets drivers from billboards as you administration that had served Brazil had become fetid enter and leave the city. The slogan signifies Brazil's like a piece of fruit past its prime. The kitchen thereby hope that her capital of impeccable motorways and futurdemanded a good cleansing before opening for business istic highrises, the embodiment of progress and order, with a new presidential regime. will lead the path io the country's future. , When Brazilians think of their capital, they see the Brasilia's answer to the beach is the Agua Mineral, center of politics housed in buildings that oftentimes look where everyone goes to see and be seen. The pools are more like spaceships than habitable buildings. I am cerfashioned after a lake, making use of natural springs and tain that many times Brazilians wish their government

A

NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

Capital Cuisine

35

TRY IT Bolinhos de Queijo Cheese Balls Scented with thyme, bolinhos de queijo are a perfect complement to a tart glass of limeade or a glass of red wine.

Serves 4-6 Ingredients: 1/2 pound Parmesan cheese, grated 1/2 pound Mozzarella cheese, grated 3 egg whites, beaten into peaks 3 tablespoons cornmeal 1 teaspoon thyme Vegetable oil for frying Method: In a mixing bowl, stir cheese together. Stir in thyme and cornmeal. Fold beaten egg whites into cheese.

Form cheese mixture into balls.

Fry in hot oil until golden. Drain and serve.

Substitutions may be made by using different types of hard and semi-hard cheeses.

Sopa de Coentro Cilantro Soup This soup goes well with chicken, or if you're a cilantro lover as I am, all you'll need is a bowl ofthis soup, some good toasted bread, and you'll be in heaven.

Serves 4-6 Ingredients: 2 cloves garlic, crushed 6 large potatoes, peeled and diced 6 cups chicken or vegetable stock 1 teaspoon preserved pepper sauce Juice of 2 lemons 1 cup cilantro (coriander) Method: In a large pot heat soup stock over medium heat.

Add diced potatoes and cook over high heat until tender.

When potatoes are cooked, strain from stock and transfer to blender or food processor.

Retain stock for further use.

Wash and pat dry cilantro.

Remove cilantro leaves from stems. Transfer cilantro leaves to blender or food processor. Add garlic. Puree po-

tatoes, cilantro, and garlic together.

Transfer vegetable puree to soup stock and return to heat. Stir together well.

Once soup has heated thoroughly, ad(1lemon juice, pepper sauce, and stir.

Transfer to soup bowls and serve immediately.

Salada de Tomate Tomato Salad A basic salad of tomato, green onions, and cilantro dressed with olive oil and lime juice adds a simple sophistication to almost any dish.

Serves 4-6 Ingredients: 8 Roma tomatoes I/8 cup green onions, minced 1/8 cup cilantro, minced Dressing: 1 tablespoon olive oil 1 tablespoon fresh lime juice 1 teaspoon wine vinegar 1 clove garlic, mashed 1/8 teaspoon salt Method: in a salad bowl combine all ingredients for dressing and mix well.

Slice tomatoes in rounds paper thin.

Place tomato slices on top of dressing.

Add green onions and cilantro. Toss well. Serve.

Fran go a Goias •

Goias Style Chicken

Scented with saffron and hot peppers,

this is a well-loved dish throughout the interior of Brazil.

Serves 4-6 Ingredients:1 large chicken, cut in pieces I onion, finely diced 3 cloves garlic, crushed 2 tablespoons olive oil 2 tomatoes, diced 1/2 teaspoon salt 1/2 teaspoon saffron strands, crushed 2 hot chili peppers, or 1 teaspoon preserved pepper sauce Method: In a large skillet, heat olive oil.

Add chicken and brown on all sides. Once chicken has browned, add onions and let cook until onions are translucent. Add garlic and stir. Add saffron and stir well.

Let cook 4-5 minutes. Add tomatoes, peppers, and salt. Stir together well and let cook 4-5 minutes.

If chicken begins to stick to the pan, add a little water to prevent scorching. Cook until chicken is thoroughly cooked and no pinkness remains in the flesh. Serve.

Arroz corn Pimenta Pepper Scented Rice Simple and delicious, this dish makes excellent use of highly aromatic Brazilian peppers.

Serves 4-6 Ingredients: 1 1/2 cups long grain rice 1 small onion, finely diced 1 clove garlic, crushed 2 tablespoons vegetable oil 4-7 small hot peppers or 2 teaspoons preserved pepper sauce 3 1/2-4 cups water Method: In a saucepan, saute onion in vegetable oil until translucent. Add garlic.

Stir well and cook for 2-3 minutes. Add rice and stir. Add 3 1/2 cups water to rice.

Add hot peppers and boil.

Cooking Instructions for Rice: Do not stir the rice as it is cooking. Stirring will cause lumps. With a wooden spoon, make a small well in the middle of the rice, gently parting the rice to see how much liquid remains in the pot. Test rice.

If the rice is still hard it will require further cooking. Check to see if you have sufficient liquid. If more liquid is needed, add as needed. If rice is cooked and a good deal of liquid remains, boil liquid off. If only a little liquid remains, reduce heat and allow water to evaporate.

Check rice by tasting. If most of the liquid has boiled off and the rice is still hard, add another 1/2-1 cup of cold water. Cook until liquid has been absorbed and rice is fluffy. Serve.

36 NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

Massa Sovada Sweet Bread Inherited from the Portuguese, in the interior of Brazil massasovada comes scented with the air of nutmeg. Perfect for breakfast, as a simple dessert, or with an afternoon tea.

Makes 2 9" round loaves Ingredients: 2 packages active dry yeast 1 tablespoon+ 1 cup granulated sugar 1/4 cup lukewarm water 5-6 cups all-purpose flour 1 teaspoon salt 1 cup lukewarm milk 3 eggs, beaten 1/2 teaspoon nutmeg, grated 1 stick butter softened, cut in pieces 1 egg, beaten Method: Preheat oven to 350° F. In a small bowl, combine yeast, 1 tablespoon sugar, and lukewarm water. Gently stir contents. Cover with a towel and let stand for 10 minutes. Yeast mixture should bubble.

In a mixing bowl, combine flour, nutmeg, and salt. Stir together. Make a well in the center of the flour.

Pour in yeast mixture, beaten eggs, softened butter, and milk. Work together into a dough. You may want to use your hands to work the dough together.

On a lightly floured surface, knead dough for 10 minutes.

Place dough back into mixing bowl, cover with a towel, and allow to rise in a warm place 1 1/2 hours, or until the dough has doubled in size.

Remove dough from bowl, punch dough down, and knead for another ten minutes.

Split the dough in half and shape into two round loaves.

Place loaves on a baking sheet.

Brush the remaining beaten egg over the tops of the loaves.

Bake at 350° F for 55-60 minutes, or until loaves are golden brown. Remove loaves from oven and allow to cool for at least 15 minutes.

Slice and serve.

NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

crystalline waters. The ritual swim and occ sional walk along the trails is followed by eating hot boiled core on the cob smother d in butter and salt while sipping a sweet caldo de cana (sugar cane juice).

Nestled in between apartment and fe4 eral buildings, Brasilia has abundant gardens filled with fruit trees coco, carambola, acerola, manga, goiaba, jaca, fruta do conde, Jabuticaba — all are yours for the picking. The Brasiliense transform these fruits into exquisite sucos, vitaminas, and geladas. One afternoon we gathered pequi which we ate cooked with rice and stewed chicken.

The cuisine of Brasilia combines the comida do sertilo of the northern interior with the comida mineira, of neighboring state Minas Gerais. The hallmarks of the food of this region combine flavors heavy with indigenous influences. This cuisine pronounces itself with traditional tubers, fruit, vegetables, pork, and beef, borrowing from comida goiana (from the state of Goias) a food characterized by free range chickens and saffron.

Brasilia's peppers are small and yellow, known as pimenta de cheiro, which translates to "pepper of perfume," a highly aromatic cousin of the habanero. Other favorites include: Palmito (hearts of palm),pao de queijo (cheese biscuits), arroz carreteiro ("Truck Driver's Rice," a dish of rice seasoned with dried beef), doce de casca de larania (candied orange peel), and compota de doce de figo (candied figs).

Within a three hour drive out of Brasilia lies a paradise known as Itiquera, where on the hot summer days following New Year's Reveillon, we gathered at the home of some cousins. They had no telephone and didn't send, invitations, but somehow everyone knew they .4%1: A5.{: •:" were welcome. Throughout the month of January we gathered with many ot ers to share wonderful times together swimming in the river and drinking beer und r•the shade of the mango trees. On this fazenda (farm) in neighboring Goias, we joyed abundant mandioca (manioc), milho verde (corn), pimenta (pepper), ab6 ora (pumpkin), laranjas (oranges), e goiabas (guavas).

I have yet to meet a Brazilian who does n t enjoy a good meal. One unifying trait Brazilians share is their love of good food. R ghtly so, some of the best meals I have enjoyed have been in Brazil. Many Brazilian do not believe their new capital has a gastronomic reputation worth mentioning, I but the Brasiliense are a people of outstanding cuisine.

Brasilia is a capital city where you still se carts drawn by horses and there are swimming holes and waterfalls only a ten rif ute drive from home. I know Brasilia will grow with time, she has already quint4pled in size over the 35 years of her existence. Her spacious motorways will bec me sWollen, while towering apartment buildings will leap higher toward the sky. Bu I hope l3rasilia will retain some of her girlish charm, the old-fashioned customs the countryside of Brazil's interior has graced her with as she grows into a woman f the world.

When an invitation to Brasilia presented i self, I jumped at the chance. I told my friends I would study the food of Brasilia, now understand that my studies into Brazilian cuisine have only begun and I embr cc the future as an opportunity to learn more about Brazil's many mouthwatering uisines, So if you have occasion to journey to Brasilia, whether to return home, onduct business, or visit loved ones — remember that Brasilia is not merely a citY f architecture and politics, but also a • magnificent city of food, with charms all of ner own.

37

r t se te ecluse, r, urasilia booleotings, e. A J extra-str s- -r-

"I sought the curved and sensual line. The curve that I see in the Brazilian hills, in the body of a loved one, in the clouds in the sky and the ocean waves."

Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer "Brasilia is a utopian horror. It should be a symbol of pou,er, but instead it's a museum of architectural ideas."

Art critic Robert Hughes "The impression I have is that I'm arriving on a different planet.Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin

8

rasilia must have looked good on paper and still looks good in photos. In 1987 it was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites, being considered one of the major examples of this century's modern movement in architecture and urban planning. But in the flesh, forget it. The world's great planned city of the 20th century is built for automobiles 38

and air-conditioners, not people. Distances are enormous and no one walks. The sun blazes, but there are no trees for shelter.

It's a lousy place to visit and no one wanted to live there. Bureaucrats and politicians, who live in the model 'pilot plant' part of the city, were lured to Brasilia by 100% salary hikes and big apartments. Still, as soon as the weekend comes they get out of the city as fast as possible to Rio, to Sao Paulo, to their private clubs in the country — anywhere that's less sterile, less organized, less vapid. Brasilia is also one of the most expensive cities in Brazil.

The poor have to get out they have no choice.

Mostly from the Northeast, these candangos (pioneers) work in the construction and service industries. They live in favelas which they call 'antiBrasilias', as far as 30 km from the center. This physical gulf between haves and have-nots is reminiscent of South Africa's township system.

All this is the doing of three famous Brazilians: an urban planner (Lk io Costa), an architect (Oscar Niemeyer) and a landscape architect (Burle Marx), all three the leading figures in their field. They were commissioned by President Juscelino Kubitschek to plan a new inland capital, a city that would catalyze the economic development of Brazil's vast interior. With millions of dirtpoor peasants from the Northeast working around the clock Brasilia was built in an incredible three years — it wasn't exactly finished but it was ready to be the capital (Niemeyer admits today that it was all

done too quickly.) On 21 April 1960, the capital was moved from Rio to Brasilia and thousands of public servants fell into a deep depression.

An inland capital was an old Brazilian dream that had always been dismissed as expensive folly. What possessed Kubitschek to actually do it? Politics. He made the building of Brasilia a symbol of the country's determination and ability to become a great economic power. He successfully appealed to all Brazilians to put aside their differences and rally to the cause. In doing so he distracted attention from the country's social and economic problems, gained enormous personal popularity and borrowed heavily from the international banks.

His legacy to the country was rampant inflation.

Orientation: Seen from above, Brasilia looks like an, airplane (symbolizing the fastest way out of town) or a NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

Brasilia — Capital of the Third Millennium In 1883 an Italian priest, Joao Bosco, prophesied that a new civilization would arise between parallels 15 and 20 and that its capital would be built between parallels 15 and 16, on the edge of an artificial lake. Brasilia is considered by many people to be that city, and a number of cults have sprung up in the area.

About 45 km from Brasilia you'll find the Vale do Amanhecer (Valley of the Dawn), founded in 1959 by a clairvoyant, Tia Neiva. The valley is actually a small town where you can check out Egyptian, Greek, Aztec, Indian, Gypsy, Inca, Trojan and Afro-Brazilian rituals. You can take part if you want. They take place daily at 12.30, 2.30 and 6.30 pm.

The 2000 mediums who live there follow the 'Doctrine of the Dawn'. They believe that a new civilization will come with the third millennium. The main temple was inspired by the spiritual advice received by ha Neiva. In the center is an enormous star of David which forms a lake, pierced by an arrow.

About 80 km from the valley, near Santo Antonio do Descoberto, is the Cidade Eclectica (Eclectic City), founded in 1956 by Yokanam, an ex-airline pilot. The main aim of its 3000 believers is the unification of all religions on the planet, and the values of fraternity and equality are expounded. Their ceremonies take place on Wednesdays and Fridays at 8 pm and on Sundays at 3 pm. There are strict dress regulations, but if you're not dressed suitably they will give you a special tunic to wear.

In Brasilia itself, the Granja do Ipe (Ipe Estate) on the southern exit from the city is the site of the City of Peace and Holistic University. It aims to form a new • generation with a mentality suited to the needs of the third millennium. The Templo da Boa Vontade (Temple of Goodwill) is at 915 Sul. It incorporates seven pyramids joined to form a cone that is topped with the biggest raw chrystal you'll ever see.

Some people also believe that, in certain regions around Brasilia, extraterrestrial contacts are more favorable — on km 69 of the BR-351 highway, for instance, or on the plateau that exists in the satellite city of Brasilandia. Believe it or not.

bow and arrow (signifying the penetration of the interior and the destruction of the indigenous people). The planned city,theplanopiloto, faces the giant artificial Lago do Paranod. In the plane's fuselage (or the arrow) are all the government buildings and monuments. The plaza of three powers — the president's Palacio do Planalto, the Palacio do Congresso and the Palacio da Justica — is in the cockpit. Out on the wings (asas) are block after block of apartment buildings (known as Superquadras or Quadras) and little else.

Things to see: Start at the Memorial JK, open from 8 am to 6 pm. Along with the tomb of JK (President Kubitschek) there are several exhibits relating to the construction of the city.

Head to the 75-meter observation deck of the TV tower. At the base of the NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

tower on weekends there's a handicraft fair.

The Catedral Metropolitana, with its 16 curved columns and stained-glass interior, is worth seeing too. At the entrance are the haunting statues oft e Four Evangelists carved by Ceschiatti who al made the aluminum angels hanging inside.

Down by the tip of the arrow you'll find most interesting government buildings: the Palfic do Itamaraty is one of the best—a series of arch surrounded by a reflecting pool and landscaped Burle Marx; there's also the Palacio da Justic the Supreme Court, with water cascading betwee its arches; and the Palacio do Congresso, with 'dishes' and twin towers. The presidential Palici da Alvorada is not open to visitors. If you're in town on a weekend, the big city park can be fun.

As impressive as the cathedral, or perhaps even more so, is the Santuario Dom Bosco (Dom Bosco's Shrine). Made of concrete columns and blue stainedglass windows, it's definitely worth a look. Located at Quadra 702 Sul, it's open daily from 8 am to 6.30 pm.

The Parque Nacional de Brasilia is an ecological reserve, and is a good place in which to relax if you're stuck in the city. Apart from the attraction of its natural swimming pool it is also home to a number of endangered animals, such as the maned wolf, deer, banded anteater and giant armadillo.

Another good park is the Parque Recreativo de

Brasilia Rogerio Pithon Farias, where you'll find a swimming pool and small lunch places at which to grab a snack.

AROUND BRASILIA Estancia de Agua de Itiquira — Itiquira is the Tupi-Guarani Indian word for Water that Falls. From the viewpoint at this 170meter free-fall waterfall, you can see the valley of the Parands to the south. There's forest, several crystal-clear streams with natural pools for a swim, and the requisite restaurants and bars.

Itiquira is 110 km from Brasilia; you need a car.

Leave through the satellite cities of Sobradinho and Planaltina and the town of Formosa. The road is dirt for the next 35 km.

Cachoeira Saia Velha — This is a pleasant swimming hangout, not too far from the city. Take the road to Belo Horizonte for about 20 km.

When you reach the Monumento do Candango, a ridiculous statue made by a Frenchman for the people who built Brasilia, there's a sign for the waterfall. The road is to the left of the monument.

Cachoeira Topazio — This is a prettyfazenda with a waterfall, camping facilities, food and drink. To get there, take the road to Belo Horizonte to the km 93 marker. Turn to the right, taking the other road out to the cachoeira.

Excerpts from Brazil A Travel Survival Kit 2nd edition,

by Andrew Draffen, Deanna Swaney and Robert Strauss. For more information call Lonely Planet: (800) 2758555. Copyright 1992 Lonely Planet Publications.

Used by permission.

39

There's more, folks!

The year that motion picture is celebrating its 100th anniversary Brazil had a chance to show the world in Canada that there's still intelligent life in the national movie scene after years of an almost deafening silence.

SAM AND HARRIET ROBBINS The 1995 Toronto International Film Festival in its 20th edition has brought a spotlight on Latin American Cinema. Films and filmmakers from Brazil, with their very distinctive style, shone with a special glow.

Ramiro Puerta, who put together the Latin American Panorania section for the Toronto International Film Festival 95 reminded participants in the festival that cinema arrived in Latin America in 1896, only a year after its debut in Paris. Gabriel Veyre's Lumiere films were screened to amazed audiences in Mexico, Cuba, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Argentina and Brazil, leaving in their wake numerous Latin American shorts.

They went from Palatino Park, the one minute Cuban jewel of 1906, to the Brazilian musical shorts of Humberto Mauro and from rarely seen song clips by Carlos Gardel, the great Argentinean tango singer. "These shorts," said Puerta, "represented a cultural heritage, testimony to a rich identity captured by a fledging cinema."

HERE'S A SAMPLE Cinema of Tears — Director Nelson Pereira dos Santos was commissioned to make a film commemorating cinema's centenary from the Latin American point of view. Pereira, who is an integral part of Latin American film history based his work Cinema of Tears on Silvia Oroz's retrospective book Melodrama - The Cinema of Tears of Latin America. It tells the story of Rodrigo, a famous and aging actor and director, who confronts a memory that has haunted him with a recurring dream of the last time he saw his mother. He was only four years old when she committed suicide just after returning from a movie.

His search for what he believed was a Mexican melodrama takes him to movie archives in Rio de Janeiro and Mexico City. He hires Yves, 40

NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

a young student, to help him. Together they screen the films of the thirties and forties as their own personal relationship develops. When Rodrigo returns to Rio he finds a tape that Yves had sent him with the film that Rodrigo's mother had watched the night of her suicide.

The director has finally found the answer to the question he had been seeking for all those years.

A splendid cast including Raul Cortez, Andre de Barros, Christiane Torloni, Patrick Tannus, Cosme Alves Neto, Silvia Oroz, and Ivan Trujillo bring a sensitive rendition of this moving story. Filled with clips spanning thirty years of filmmaking, from the early days of the melodrama to the cinema novo movement and beyond, Cinema of Tears, under the direction of dos Santos is a captivating tribute to the evolution of Latin American cinema.

Banana Is My Business—Directed by Helena Sclberg. the film gives an in depth p,cture of Carmen Mi -:anda.

Alice Fay and Carmen Miranda in Bananas Is My Business • 452,

documentary strikes at th...; core of e.lt.-stereJtype that held her prisoner with the image tha was created in Hollywood, from which she could not escape. The film covers all the aspects of her life, from her humble beginnings to her rise to fame and fortune including the rift that developed with her Brazilian fans who thought she had sold out to Hollywood.

Using archival footage, recreations of key events featuring female impersonator Erick Barreto as Carmen, and interviews with the people closest to her we learn the true identity of the "Brazilian Bombshell" until her death at the age of 46. The film is playing to large audiences wherever it is shown Carmen Miranda has finally found her proper place in the history of entertainment.

Born and raised in Brazil, Solber has directed many short films and documentaries about social and political issues concerning Latin American women. Her documentaries include The Double Day (1975), The Emerging Women (1976), Simplesmente Jenny (1977), From the Ashes... Nicaragua Today (1981), The Brazilian Connection (1982), Chile: By Reason or by Force (1983), Portrait of a Terrorist (1986), Made in Brazil (1987), and The Forbidden Land (1990). The director, who has her finger T his

NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

on the pulse of Brazilian filmmaking, has brought Carmen Miranda back to the screen with this perceptive and insightful documentary.

Carlota Joaquina Princesa do Brazil— This is director Carla Camurati's first feature film. Carlota Joaquina Princess of Brazil tells the story of a Spanish princess betrothed to Joao, Prince of Portugal, at the age of 10 in the year 1785. On time she would find out that the husband was a far cry from what she might expect, and marriage proved to be a nightmare. The fortunes of war and history forced them to flee to their colony Brazil, where Joao, now Portugal's emperor, established his court and Carlota continued her amorous adventures.

Camurati, who was born in Rio, is also a famous actress and has appeared in many films, television programs and stage plays. She has directed short films, and has written screenplays.

Jenipapo — Directed by Monique Gardenberg, this film is a fascinating exploration of scruples in a land without justice. The story takes place in the slums of Brazil.

An important land reform project is being presented in the Brazilian congress. Father Stephen Louis (Patrick Bauchau), who has defended the poor in the povertystricken area of Bahia and who has opposed the bloodthirsty landowners, is silent on this issue. American reporter Michael Coleman (Henry Czerny) wants to break his silence. In this taut drama in which the worlds of crime, politics and journalism clash Jenipapo asks when all hope is gone can the end truly justify the means.

Gardenberg, was born in Salvador, Bahia, in 1958. She received a degree in economics from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro and attended the film program at New York University. Jenipapo is her first feature film and was included in the First Cinema section at the Toronto International Film Festival.

On the section Talking With Pictures, a Brazilian film classic was screened: Antonio das Mortes (1969), directed by Glauber Rocha. This masterpiece is based on an historic figure from the thirties. A killer is hired by the landowners to silence some rebel peasants. The movie ends as a one-man, shotgun-wielding cyclone intent on overthrowing the Establishment.

Glauber Rocha was one of the founders of Brazil's "cinema novo" The film is a landmark in Latin American Cinema. Renowned US director Jonathan Demme, Academy Award winner Silence of the Lambs, (1991), Philadelphia (1993), reminisced about his admiration for Glauber: "I tried to introduce myself to Mr. Rocha at the 1980 Venice Film Festival, and wanted to tell him how profoundly inspired I had been by Antonio das Mortes and his other films, but he was stalking down the main drag, hands thrust into the air, roundly condemning the fact that his picture had been denied the festival's Grand Prize...

He died way to young, shortly thereafter."

41

After being the disco queen for a generation of teens in the 80's Fernanda Abreu has reivented herself as disco guru, mixing funk and samba, and in the process is turning herself into a diva for a new generation of teens and overgrown youngsters.

ALESSANDRA DALEVI Why is Fernanda Abreu, 34, stark naked on the cover of her latest album? The Carioca (from Rio) singer, composer and ballerina certainly didn't need all the extra publicity to sell her music. Da La/a, her latest CD, is getting rave reviews, but so did her previous work. So, Fernandinha, as she is called since she became the teens' muse more than ten years ago as crooner for Rio's band Blitz, answers the question about her bare-it-all attitude: "After two records I feel free to do whatever I please, including getting naked."

She has never been so busy. Her agenda is full seven days a week.

Everybody promoting a party all over Brazil seems to want to book her, since she sings a kind of rhythm that doesn't let anyone stay quiet.

The singer doesn't do workout per se, but the dance classes that she continually takes take care of the exercise she needs. And in the last three years she is always getting an excuse to go back home for another kind of exercise, being with Sofia, the three-year old daughter she had with graphic artist Luiz Stein, her companion for 15 years.

Right now Fernanda is on a tour of Brazil to spread the word on Da La/a. The album's name has given place to many interpretations.

Literally it means "of the can" but it is also a slang expression meaning of the best quality. Another explanation is that the songs on the album have a funky style and were inspired by tunes composed in Rio's slums where pans and pots are used as percussion instruments.

The singer has talked about this, "The can is a material that is not very noble, but it can be recycled. It works as Brazil itself, there's an intrinsic optimism." Curiously, the expression "da lata" was created at the end of the 80's. After being spotted by Rio's maritime police, the ship Solana Star threw overboard a shipment of marijuana. The product, which was of very good quality, had been kept in cans that ended up on the beach and were caught and consumed by the population.

The composer believes that this story and the use of cans to make music are responsible for Rio's taste. "In thefavelas (shanty towns), the first percussion instrument is the pan," observes Fernanda. "The houses they live in, the suburban trains they catch to go to work, everything is made of can." Da Lata is also a love anthem to the diversity of Rio, a place Fernanda loves passionately. She has been so much in tune with the city that many consider her the quintessential Carioca. -Rio is a symbol of extreme kindness and cultural tolerance.

We don't have here Chinatown, Little Italy or the Jewish neighborhood. Rio receives with open arms axe music, rock, pop, pagode, charm and funk and all of them live in harmony."

And she continues, "I've been in favelas many times and people's creativity has always impressed me there. The future of the Brazilian Pop Music depends on the absorption by the cultural industry of everything that happens in the slums. That's what happened when samba was born. Samba composers were marginalized and persecuted, but samba ended up becoming synonymous with Brazil."

42

NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1595

Fernanda Sampaio de Lacerda Abreu has always had an exhibitionist side. "Since early childhood I used to give domestic shows," she revealed recently. "My parents were prepared to have an artist daughter." The father, an architect, was born in Portugal, the mother was a librarian. Born in the middle-class neighborhood of Botafogo, the singer has always attended public school.

Her love for dance came about by necessity. It was a pediatrician who advised her parents to get her to ballet to correct a problem young Fernanda had in her kneecap. She kept going to dance class even when the medical need had ended. Fan of painting, she went to Architecture school, but all the calculations scared her off. She changed to Sociology at PUC, the Catholic University in Rio. studied it for three years, but never finished college. Her ability on the dance floor made her very popular among the teens her age in the school balls. All of this was happening during the golden era of disco music. Fernanda's chance to work on the stage, however, came about when singer Marcia Bulcco, who was forming rock band Blitz with underground-theater actor Evandro Mesquita, heard her singing. She didn't think twice to accept the invitation to be part of the band and school was abandoned for good. Fernandinha already had by then that raspy voice, those thick thighs, that killing smile and that swing that would make her very soon the queen of disco, a sex-symbol, and an icon of the 80's.

Blitz became a huge success after 1982 when the single "Voce nao soube me amar" ("You didn't know NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

how to love me") sold more than 700,000 copies. From underground music, rock became the musical sensation in Brazil, opening the doors for such names as Lulu Santos, Bark) Vermelho and Kid Abelha. Blitz's songs made people dance, smile and many times think with their provoking and satirical lyrics.

By 1986 Abreu had turned over a new leaf on life. She left Bliti and took a four-year break for some internal reengineering She dedicated herself to study singing and guitar. And came back with her first solo album, a disco music love declaration called Sla Radical Dance Disco Club produced by Herbert Vianna, a friend who was a membet of ilie Paralamas do Sucesso band. Commenting about the intolerance of the Brazilian elite towards disco, the composer said recently about Sla Radical: "I am for the left that fights, but I don't abdicate from pleasure.

With this album I wanted to show Brazil that the head is not separated from the body."

Fernanda has always been considered dance music diva. But since the beginning she has secured her own important place in an area in which composers and interpreters are legion and rarely noticed. "Since I don't sing rock or NI PB (Brazilian popular music) the critics say I do dance music. I prefer to call it dancing music."

On her second CD, Sla 2: Be Sample, from 1992, the singer had already started to add a pinch of Brazilian sound, especially samba. Da Lila was a natural progression in the same direction of giving a Brazilian soul to dance music. The record is able to graciously mix the lOvela's samba, with the chants from Candomble temples and the most sophisticated instruments and recording processes.

In "Garota Sangue Born" ("Nice Girl", literally "Good Blood Girl") Fernanda praises the Carioca woman swing singing, "./mi/o corn a boca/ vein a cava debochando/ no compass° do escandalo dancante" ("Together with the mouth/ Comes the thigh poking fun/ in the rhythm of the dancing scandal). And cuts like "Tudo Vale a Pena" ("Everything is Worthwhile-) or "Veneno da Lata" ("The Best Kind of Poison") talking about the poor life in the hills of Rio are a perfect example of world music, integrating the sacred and the profane, the primitive with high tech.

43

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Brazilian Notas SCOTT ADAMS

Asking vocalist Kevyn ' Lettau what kind of music she enjoys singing is the same as watching a rainbow appear from the clouds. Her clear, fluid voice lends itself to a variety of styles and sources. And with the release of her latest JVC recording, Universal Language, its easy to see how Lettau can communicate a world full of stories and feelings. Universal Language and its 12 tracks cover a wide range of material, from Brazilian to pop, to straight ahead jazz with a style that is unmistakable. Listen to the melodies collected in this album and you'll find that the translation from voice to ear is remarkable in its ease and grace.

Eight years of touring and recording with Sergio Mendes as well as with Brazilian artists and groups such as Ivan Lins, Dori Caymmi and Velas has given Kevyn Lettau a unique perspective.

She's always incorporated a Brazilian pulse to help define and expand her positive message of both musical and human harmony. Universal Language includes "Beatriz," written by Edu Lobo and Chico Buarque. Filled with emotion and an unmis-

takable warmth that transcends it's Portuguese lyrics, Kevyn admits that it's "the most difficult song I've ever sung," Even more impressive is that it was recorded "live" with keyboard wiz Russell Ferrante.

"Underneath the Face of the Moon" penned by Kikber Jorge carries the soft bossa flair of a perfect summer night in Rio, while "Our Lasting Love" gives the Yutaka original a delightfully playful spin as a contemporary samba. And Kevyn delivers a touching tribute to Antonio Carlos Jobim with a nod to Astrud Gilberto on "Never Trust Your Heart." Another surprise with Universal Language is her gift of words to the Pat Metheny favorite "Secretly Begin." Marrying music to her poetry has always been one of Kevyn Lettau's talents, and her gift of words perfectly completes the song's intent. This talent repeats itself with the album's title track, written by Djavan. Once again, Lettau captures all of the song's magic by providing wonderful and uplifting lyrics in English. Although born in the US, Lettau was raised in Berlin, and the beautiful "Den 1st Mein Ganzes Herz" is her tribute to years of personal growth and the insight she's achieved as an artist, singer and songwriter.

In the world of contemporary jazz, the roads to success are many, and with Bra-

zilian guitarist Torcuato Mariano's new Last Look CD from Windham Hill, the trip to the top of tha charts from his native Rio de Janeiro has been short and smooth. In fact, Last Look delivers a stunning collection of 10 instrumental songs that fulfill all the promise and potential that was hinted at with his debut release, Paradise Station.

Back then, we'w ote that what made Torcuato Mariano stand out from otier contemporary jazz guita4ists was his sensitivity to the 4noment and it's no less true today.

But Last Look goes further to show us a new side of this talented musician's ability: a cultural synthesis of contemporary style that will hit home with you by ombining all the grace and beauty of cosmopolitan RU with a mindset that's decid dly international. Marialno has grown considerablfr as a composer and arranger. His combining of various instrumental tones and harmonies for musical texture is both creative and satisfyi g, and is apparent from th start.

Last Look opens wi "Africa," expansive! pe rformed by Mariano s guitars, wordless vocal , keyboards and progr ming and accompanied bass and drums. Altemat ly, the album closes with a ensive acoustic trio cover of Jobim's classic "Dindi.' These two tracks represe t the guitarist's musical di ersity and are defming m ments

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for the album. But don't overlook all that is in between.

"Oceans' Way" finds Mariano's arrangement perfectly framing the melodic interplay between acoustic guitar and flute. That's a combination that's repeated on "A Very Special Place" which blends the two instruments into a splendid union.

The album's title track has become an airplay staple on smooth jazz stations coast to coast, and one listen to the popish "In the Rhythm of My Heart," with Leo Gandelman's sax lines responding to Mariano's sassy signature will make you realize that musically speaking, Brazil isn't that far away at all. None of this has happened by accident. Torcuato Mariano has developed into a top notch musician, building on his years with many of Brazil's top performers, including Ivan Lins, Sergio Mendes, Gal Costa and Djavan, who recently wrote that "Torcuato has the touch of the great guitar players of our time. As a composer he is inspired and eloquent.

Now is his time and he is ready."

You may sample selected tracks from these albums, and receive a free subscription to our newsletter 24 hours a day by calling The Brazilian Music Review Listener Line at (708) 292-4545.

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Abelardo, Heloisa - Tragic love story from the 12th century is retold. Play causing big commotion because Heloisa gets naked and she is TV actress Leticia Spiller who has refused to pose in the nude despite insisting calls from Playboy. Director: Moacyr Goes. In Rio. Banheiro - During a party to celebrate New Year's people meet at the bathroom and things start to happen. Pedro Vicente wrote, Johana Albuquerque diAmerican films just released: Johnny Mnerects. In Sao Paulo. monic (Johnny Mneingnic: o Cyborg do Beckett in White - A Comedia Futuro), The War (A Arvore dos Sonhos), - By Samuel Beckett. Directed While You Were Sleeping (Enquanto Voce

by Mauricio Lencasttre. A comDormia), The Neverending Story (A Historia edy involving a love triangle.

Sem Fim), Species (A Experiencia), The In Sao Paulo.

Bridges of Madison County (As Pontes de Corpo a Corpo - Adman remiMadison), Desperado (A Balada do Pistonisces and faces his own inteleiro), Reality Bites (Caindo na Real), rior ghosts in this tragicomic Waterworld (Waterworld — o Segredo das fantasy. Written by Oduvaldo Aguas) Viana Filho. With Zecarlos Bananas Is My Business - Brazil - 1995 Machado. In Sao Paulo.

Directed by Helena Solberg, it tells the story 0 Livro de J6 - Based on the ofrestless singer and Hollywood star Carmen Bible, it discusses divine interMiranda. With Cynthia Adler, Eric Barreto vention and God's power. Diand Leticia Monte. rected by Antonio Ara*. In Ma Saison Preferee (Minha Estaca'o Sao Paulo.

Preferida)- France - 1992 - Existential crisis Louro, Alto, Solteiro, Procura hits home when female prosecutor, 45, gets - Miguel Falabella, who wrote a visit from mom. Directed by Andre Techine. the text, plays all 17 characters Men/no Maluquinho (Crazy Boy) - Brazil of this comical monologue. In 1995 - Based on character created by carRio. toonist Ziraldo. Maluquinho (The Little Noites de Cabrita - Directed by Crazy One) goes to his grandfather's farm Bibi Ferreira. The Cabrita from for a vacation when his parents get divorced. the title is actress Marcia Mario, Maria e Mario (Mario, Maria e Cabrita who is the interpreter Mario) - Italy - 1993 - The fall of Russia of the monologue. In Rio. wrecks havoc at the life of a socialist couple, Perola - Written and husband and wife are comdirected by Mauro Rasi. munist militants. Ettore Scola Comedy. Everything in directed. this middle class family Perfume de Gardenia - Braends in bi& laughble zil - 1995 - A man decides to drama. In Rio. seek revenge when wife Todo Mundo Sabe que leaves her family to become a Todo Mundo Sabe porno star. Directed by GuiAnother play from prolherme de Almeida Prado with lific and multitalented Miguel Falabela who Christiane Torloni, Jose Mayer and Jose Lewgoy. also directs it. The fight from a socialite to avoid Sdbado (Saturday) - Brazil economic disaster; 1995 - Comedy directed by Trait e Co car E SO Ugo Georgetti with Otavio Comecar A loony maid Augusto and Maria Padilha. makes life miserable for A group of friends and what her bosses. Comedy dihappens on a weekend in a Let icia Spiller is rected by Attilio Sao Paulo old building.

— T-Tet oisa In sao Paulo.

Movies

46

o-

1. 0 Mundo de Sofia - Jostein Guarder (Comp. das Letras) 2. 0 Xango de Baker Street Jo Soares (Comp. das Letras) 3. A Profecia Celestina James Radfield (Objetiva) 4. Comedias da Vida Privada Luis F. Verissimo (L&PM) 5. Pelas Portas do Coracdo Zibia Gasparetto (Espaco, Vida & Consciencia) 6. 0 Buraco na Parede- Rubem Fonseca (Comp. das Letras) 7. Os Doze Mandamentos Sidney Sheldon (Record) 8. Uma Professora Mu/to Maluquinha — Ziraldo 9. Corned/as da Vida Publica Luis F. Verissimo (L&PM) 10. Violetas na Janela— Vera L. M. de Carvalho (Petit)

Nonfiction 1. Paula Isabel Allende (Bertrand Brasil) 2. Maud, Empresdrio do Imperio — Jorge Caldeira (Companhia das Letras) Chato — o Rei do Brasil Fernando Morais (Companhia das Letras) 3. Anjos Cabalisticos Monica Buonfiglio (Oficina Cultural Esoterica) 4. A Magia dos Anjos Cubalisticos - Monica Buonfiglio (Oficina Cult. Esoterica) 5. Era dos Extremos - Eric Hobsbawn (Comp. das Letras) 6. 0 Guia dos Curiosos Marcelo Duarte (Companhia das Letras) 7. Dez Anos no Mar Familia Schurmann (Record) 8. Voce pode curar sua vida Louise L. Hay (Best Seller) 9. Maktub Paulo Coelho (Rocco) 10. Chato — o Rei do Brasil Fernando Morais (C. das Letras) NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

POR 3V

RHYT BLEN

MAGIC BRUSH Mine ira (from Minas Gerais) from the historic city of Sabard, artist Monica Almeida has grown up surrounded by natural, architectural and all kinds of artistic beauty.

From childhood Almeida knew she would be a painter and when she got a chance she went to perfect her talent at the Guignard art school in Belo Horizonte, capital of Minas. Her base now is Sao Paulo, but she has been traveling throughout Latin America and Europe. Until November 26 Americans will have a chance to check her work, her arcs and lines and the exuberance of her colors \k rite the address: Vila Antiga Gallery at 7th (between Delores and Lincoln) in Carmel, California. You can also call (408) 6266207

SHOW OF BALL There's an American playing on a Brazilian soccer team. He is Brian Waltrip, a 17-year-old who had a chance for a try-out with two-time world champion Sao Paulo Futebol Clube and was invited back to be part of the team. Waltrip adventure started last Summer at BRUSA's Intensive Practical Training for Soccer Players. The youngster went to Brazil for a month.

The training included several friendlies against teams like Corinthians and Nacional. Back in Brazil since the end of September, Waltrip is training with the Juvenil team (Sao Paulo U-18 team). His coach is enthusiastic enough to consider him for the U-20 team. BRUSA is a Pensacola (Florida) based soccer institution directed by Brazilian Thadeu Goncalves.

ART FOR SALE It's called Culture Shop and it has handmade orixa pins, umbanda sculptures, samba whistles, ceramic figures from Caruaru (Pernambuco) in Northeastern Brazil, Amazonian ceremonial handiwork and many more Brazilian artifacts and handicrafts.

The new store has just opened in Santa Monica, in the Greater Los Angeles area.

Monica Braga Ferreira, a Carioca (from Rio) and a designer, is the inspiration behind the undertaking. Interested? Their telephone is (310) 656-2656.

NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

Drummer/percussionist Robertinho Silva is giving another show of talent mixing Brazilian and American jazz rhythms on Shot on Goal (Perigo de Go!), his latest CD release. Last year Robertinho had assured a following in the US after Speak no Evil, his debut album here.

This time around, his two extremely talented percussionist sons, Ronaldo and Vanderlei are giving him a hand. Thelonius Monk, Wayne Shorter, Tulio Mourao, Egberto Gismonti and Milton Nascimento are some of the composers chosen by Silva for Shot on Goal.

That tells us something about his taste and the company he keeps. He has been working for 25 years with Nascimento and has contributed to Shorter's Native Dancer nearly 20 years ago.

Learn Another Language on Your Own! Learn to speak a foreign language fluently on your own and at your own pace with what are considered the finest in-depth courses available. Many were developed by the Foreign Service Institute ofthe U.S. Department of State for diplomatic personnel who must learn a language quickly and thoroughly.

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http://www.earthlink.net/—brazzil 213 255-8062 NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

FEIRA LIVRE OPEN MARKET CLASSES Computer classes - Groups and

private classes. (818) 507-1521.

Portuguese classes - Individual & small groups. Relaxed, fun. but very efficient and personalized lessons. I'm a native Brazilian instructor with an university degree in languages. Try a free lesson. (415) 771-9474 COOKING

Best Selling Brazilian Cookbook - Delightful Brazilian Cooking

by Eng Tie Ang. Over 130 authentic, quick and easy recipes. $14.95, plus $3.00 shipping and handling. P.O. Box 30818 - Seattle, WA 98103 - Phone and Fax (206) 789-3693.

ENTERTAINMENT The best Brazilian dance group

in San Francisco & Bay Area with the performing experience in movies, clubs and other celebrations. Video available. Call (415) 312-8667.

GENEALOGY Family History — Discover

your family's heritage! We specialize in helping you find your Brazilian and European ancestors. Nos falamos Portugu8s!

(801) 226-5177 JPM Family Roots.

JOB OFFERED Attitude over résumé — Bilin-

gual indiv. needed to help with growth of international company.

Must be positive, business minded and money motivated.

Training and travel avail. (800) 997-6670 US/International company in

30 countries is expanding to Brazil. No experience necessary.

Will train. P/T $500- $2,000; F/ T $2,000 - $6,000 — (310) 3733681 See you at the top — Int. Co.

seeking bilingual — Portuguese a plus — with positive and outgoing attitude motivated to reach top positions working w/ quality business people. Expansion throughout California. Training available. Call (310) 214-9727 JOB SOUGHT Civil Engineer with Master's

Degree offers services. (Substantial knowledge of computers and software.) (818) 507-1521.

Writer/Production Assistant

seeking employment with film/ NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

TV production company or studio. Degreed. Computer literate.

Well travelled. Resume/Ref available. Michael Dees (818) 759-2009 MAGAZINES & NEWSPAPERS Jornais e revistas do Brasil.

Recebemos jomais diarios etodas as principais revistas, incluindo masculinas e femininas. Tel. & Fax: (617) 787-0758.

Music Brazilian Music in its totality.

Samba, bossa nova, chorinho, baido, axe, and more. Merchant Express - (800) 589-5884.

PERSONAL American businessman has

lived in your country and loves your people, music, & dance.

Desires friendship/romance with Brasileira between 22-30 years.

Interests include yoga, health food, nature. Please write R.B. 1106 2nd St. #268, Encinitas, CA 92024.

American Doctor, male, seeks Brazilian lady, 18-32 for fun and romance. Must be pretty. I'm very handsome and look Brazilian. (213) 293-8909. Los Angeles area.

American Jewish man, 36, sin-

cere, deep, fun, active, doctor, seeks Jewish lady under 35 with brown eyes and long dark hair, in Los Angeles area. (310) 2713168.

American Plastic Surgeon. Internationally recognized. Attrac-

tive. Athletic. Has toured Brazil.

Seeks intelligent, athletic, attractive, non smoking Brasileira who likes skin diving, aerobics, surfing, outdoor photography & cooking. Ages 22-30. Send photos and C.V. to G.M. - 2318 Washington - Great Bend, Kansas, 67530 - U.S.A. Americano: 31, handsome, secure, seeks Brazilian lady 22-32 for lasting relationship. Eu falo Portugues. Send letter and photo to Brad, 5510 Sepulveda Blvd., Apt. #212. Sherman Oaks, CA 91411

FEIRA LIVRE RATES: 50e a word. Phone is one word.

DISCOUNTS: For 3 times deduct 5%, for 6 times deduct

10%, for 12 times deduct 15%.

POLICY: All ads to be prepaid. Ads are accepted at our

discretion. Sorry, no credit card at this time. Your canceled check is your receipt. Please, include address and phone number, which will be kept confidential.

DEADLINE: The 15th of the month. Late material will be held for the following month if appropriate.

TO PLACE AD: Send ad with check or money order to: News from Brazil P.O. Box 42536 Los Angeles, CA 90050-0536.

Good-looking gay American man looking for friendship with

Brazilian men 18-30. I am a successful 31 year old GWM looking for fun and romance with good-looking men. (408) 2362034 — Peter; 4960 Almaden Exp. #179; San Jose, CA 95118 Handsome gay American man wants gay male pen-pals from Rio and Brazil. Write Roberto — 1086 Post St. #309,. San Francisco, CA 94109 USA L.A./Ph.D. - Loyal, funny and

supportive seeks smart, loyal and young Brazilian lady age 28 to 35 for love and companionship.

Write letter with photo to Dr. G. Martin `- 1107 Fair Oaks #184 South Pasadena, CA 91030 or call (213) 223-6100.

Single American male seeks Brazilian women, 18-35 years old. I am 34 years old, healthy, attractive, romantic. Please send note & photo to: 2440 16th St. #179, San Francisco, CA 94103.

Sophisticated, attractive lady

with Scandinavian art degree seeks professional, attractive 4758 man — non-American, non smoker—for love eventual marriage. (213) 851-2767

PSYCHOTHERAPY Emotional & psychological help - Elizabete Almeida MFCC

licensed psychotherapist. English/Portuguese. Reasonable rates. (310) 281-7536.

REAL ESTATE BUYING, SELLING, RENTING - Let me assist you with all

your Real Estate needs. Anywhere in the U.S. through National Referral Services. Call Debora Jackson at (703) 5480700. McEnearney Associates Inc. FOR SALE - Brazil - 130 Acres

- NE Coast near Recife. Country Inn, electricity, mineral springs, river, coconuts, cashews, mangos, some tropical forest. Space to plant acerola cherry (with yields of eight tons per acre), macadamia nuts; Hawaiian papaya. Price: $150,000. Phone: (310) 832-4367 SERVICES Internet Con su Itant & Web Publis

er: good multimedia home pag e design, sites, soft, etc. Internet: www.codd.com - Tel.: (714) 4487645 - Fax: (714) 831-1456

Successful, wealthy, good-look-

Silent's — Fine line tattoos. By

appointment only. (310) 8428628, (310) 843-1377 or (619) 965-9655

Brasileiro, 31, busco outros

ing marriage-minded romantic American comedy writer, 30, speaks a little Portuguese, seeks slender, intelligent, educated, English-speaking, nonsmoking, nonreligious brasileira in L.A. area. Note & photo to: Occupant, P.O. Box 3757, Santa Monica, CA 90408

rapazes 20-35 para amizade, etc.

Los Angeles area. (213) 9698329

PRINTING Pyramid Press offers: typeset-

French American guy looking

for friendship with Brazilian men 35-55. (310) 659-3139 or write: Occupant, P.O. Box 16655, Beverly Hills, CA 90209

ting, copy-editing, custom desktop publishing. Low rates! Call for estimate (310) 518-3425.

Place your ad:

(213) 255-8062

TRANSLATION & INTERP. J. Henry Phillips, simultaneous

interpreter and ATA accredited Portuguese translator: (512) 8341941. Fax: (512) 834-0070.

TRAVEL Washington Tour & Travel -

Brasil Vigo - International Money Transmitter - Passagens aereas domesticas e internacionais. Dinheiro para o Brasil em 24 horas. (703) 527-6977.

49

calendar - november 95 - u.s.a.

THURSDAY 2

TV & RADIO COAST TO COAST TV Beautiful Brazil - Every Saturday, 9 PM (East CoastTime) with Goulart de Andrade on the International Channel (In Portuguese with English subtitles)

SHORT WAVE RADIO Radio Nacional da Amazonia - Daily, especially on evenings and early morning 6,180 & 11,780 Khz Radiobras -All universal time - From 12 noon to 1:20 PM, in English and from 1:30 PM to 2.50 PM, in Spanish - 15,445 Khz

Nino's

SAMMKINI .: CAUCA'S 9:00 PM - Josias Santos & Sambrasil at 14 Below BEYERWRIELS 10:30 PM - Katia Moraes at

GENTURYICITY4Atl 8:00 PM - The Girls from lpanema at The Century Club

'LOSTANGELES 9:30 PM-Oba Oba show w/ Max Jr. & Swing Brazil at Zabumba ANAHEIM, CALI 8:00 PM - Lois at Ginga Brazil

SATURDAY 11 SAN FRANCISCO

Bokaos - (310) 659-1200

FRIDAY 3 CENTJJBWZJ1ATZ.AL1 8:00 PM - The Girls from lpanema at The Century Club LOiPGELES 9:30 PM - Oba Oba show w/ Max Jr. & Swing Brazil at Zabumba ANABEIALI 8:00 PM - Marcos Santos at Ginga Brazil

SATURDAY 4 ARAHEIMICAL1 8:00 PM - Lois & Zelao at Ginga Brazil

5:00 PM - Psychologist Ilma Ribeiro Silva on -Basic Life Skills' at the International Club -(415) 821-2872

LAGUNA BEACH;"CALI 7:30 PM - 5th Anniversary Ball of Clube Brasileiro da California with Ana Gazzola - 20062 Laguna Cyn Rd - (714) 8576764

ANAHEIM, 'CAL, 8:00 PM - Sergio 2000 at Ginga Brazil

SUNDAY 12 POMPANO BEACH, FLOSS 7:00 PM - Pagode at Panorama -(305) 784-8136

SANTA MONICA, CAL!

BOSTON

POMPNOBEACH

3:00 PM - KleberJorge at Culture Shop

Coragao Brasileiro - Every Sunday, 12.00 noon with Dennis Miller - 88.1 FM - WMBR

7:00 PM - Pagode at Panorama

- Santa Monica Place Mall -(310) 6562656

CHICAGO The Sounds of Brazil- Every Saturday, 10:00 pm -Midnight, 95 5 FM, WNUA with Scott Adams Show Brazil - Every Friday, 8.00 am - 11.00 am, 91.5 FM, WMFO with Edna Moreno Brazilian Style of Music Every Friday, 11:00 am - 2.00 pm, 91.5 FM, WMFO with Marlon Catao

LOS ANGELES Sounds of Brazil - Every Thursday, Noon - 2.00 pm, KPFK, 90.7 FM with Sergio Mielniczenko Brazilian Hour - Every Saturday and Sunday, 9:00 am 10:00 am, KXLU, 88.9 FM with Sergio Mielniczenko

MIAMI RADIO Brazilians Love Jazz - Every Sunday, 5:00 pm - 6:00 pm with Gina Martelli - 93.9 -

50

BERKEEMAGATI 9:00 PM - Carla() & guitar at

zilian Tropicana - (305) 866-8661

- (305) 784-8136

LONMESEAMMALI 7:00 PM - SambaLa Percussion

LONG BEACH; CAL, 7:00 PM -SambaLa Percussion & Dancers at the Foothill

& Dancers at the Foothill

SANFDIEGOIGAL 3:30 PM - San Diego Samba School at Café Sevilla 10:00 PM - Sambrasil at Cafe

SAN DIEGO, CAL 3:30 PM - San Diego Samba School at Café Sevilla

10:00 PM - Sambrasil at Café Sevilla

TUESDAY 14 BEVERLY HILLS

Sevilla

TUESDAY 7 VENICEMALI 9:00 PM - Katia Moraes & Feijoada Completa Orchestra at St. Marks's - (310) 452-2222

6:30 PM - 9:30 pm - Brazil the Country of the Future - Brazil-California Chamber of Commerce discusses Export and Tourism. Beyond Carnaval and Rio at Holiday Inn Select - (213) 975-9237

THURSDAY 9 BERKELEWCAL1 9:00 PM - Carla° & guitar at

THURSDAY 16 BERKELEY; -CAL 9:00 PM - Carla° & guitar at Nino's

Nino's

SAIWAIMONIMICA13.

10:00 PM - Katia Moraes at 14 Below

BEVERLY HILLS 10:30 PM - Katia Moraes at Bokaos (310) 659-1200

SANTA MONICA, CAL FRIDAY 10 MIAMI

Starts today Women in the Arts with Eliane Thompson-Kronig at Miami Convention Center.

Expo goes through December 2 9:30 PM - Dercy Goncalves de Cabo a Rabo at Restaurante Bra-

10:00 PM - Lula & Afro Brasil at 14 Below

FRIDAY 17 SALT,JAKE CITY 7:00 PM - 1st Anniversary Dinner of the Brazilian Association of Utah - (801) 963-9309

NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

calendar - november 95 - u.s.a.

CENTURY CITY, CAL

LOSANGELES

8:00 PM - The Girls from Ipanema at The Century Club

9:30 PM - Oba Oba show w/ Max Jr. & Swing Brazil at Zabumba

WEST HOLLYWOOD, CAL

ANAHEMICAL

10:00 PM - Katia Moraes at Luna Park -(310) 652-0611

8:00 PM - Lois at Ginga Brazil

SATURDAY 25 ANAHEIMMAI2

LOS ANGELES 9:30 PM - Oba Oba show w/ Max Jr. & Swing Brazil at Zabumba

ANAHEIM, CAL.

SATURDAY 18 12:00 noon - 9:00 PM - 2nd Brazilian Arts, Crafts & Video Festival at Golden Gate Pk- (415) 750-1286

LOS ANGELES 9:30 PM - Katia Moraes at LA Ve Lee

ANAHEIM, CAL. 8:00 PM - Lois & Zelao at Ginga Brazil

SUNDAY 19 POMPANO BEACH, FLOM 7:00 PM - Pagode at Panorama - (305) 784-8136

LONG BEACH, CALI 7:00 PM -SambaLa Percussion & Dancers at the Foothill

SAN DIEGO, CAL. 3:30 PM - San Diego Samba School at Cafe Sevilla 10:00 PM - Sambrasil at Cafe Sevilla

PASADENA, CAL; 11:30 AM - Cheremoya Escola de Samba at Doo Dah Parade - (818) 4493689

TV

SUNDAY 26 NEWMRK

BTN (Brazilian TV Network) - 11 00 pm - 100 am, DCI ch.

8:20 PM - Human Behavior, a short, at the African Diaspora Film Festival - (212) 749-6020 POMPA :

FLORs

7:00 PM - Pagode at Panorama -(305) 784-8136

BERKELEY, CAL SANTA MONICA, CAL. 10:00 PM - Thanksgiving Night in Bahia with Renni Flores at 14 Below

FRIDAY 24 CENTURY CITY, CAL 8:00 PM - The Girls from Ipanema at The Century Club

40, S. South ch. 51, Adelphia ch. 52, Gold Coast ch 99 Luqui Corporation - Jornal Bandeirantes - 11.00 pm 1:00 am, Dynamic ch 20, S South ch 41, Gold Coast ch.

44, DCI ch 45

LONMBEACKOAt5

NEW YORK

7:00 PM - SambaLa Percussion & Dancers at the Foothill

RADIO

'SAISEDIEGO/OALI

Brasil corn S,- Every Saturday, 9:00 PM with Judith King, 88.3 FM - WBG0 Brazil Street Samba - Every Friday, 10.00 PM with Leo

3:30 PM - San Diego Samba School at Café Sevilla 10:00 PM - Sambrasil at Cafe Sevilla

'LOSIANZEEES 9:30 PM - Dennis Nelson at La Vee Lee

TUESDAY 28 NEW:MORK 4:00 PM - Human Behavior, a short, at the African Diaspora Film Festival - (212) 749-6020

THURSDAY 30 NEWYORK

THURSDAY 23 9:00 PM - Carlao & guitar at Nino's

Love 94

8:00 PM - Lois & Zelao at Ginga Brazil

8:00 PM - Sergio 2000 at Ginga Brazil

SAN FRANCISCO

TV & RADIO

4:00 PM - Human Behavior, a short, at the African Diaspora Film Festival - (212) 749-6020

BERKELEMCAL1 9:00 PM - Carla() & guitar at Nino's

SANTA MONICA7ZALI 10:00 PM - Katia Moraes at 14 Below

Costa &Alberto Lopes -89.9 FM - WKCR Radio Amazonia - Every day,

6:30 PM on shortwave -6.185 MHZ

TV Brazil Update - Every Saturday, 3- 30 PM - Channel 69 Brazilians in America-TV Every Sunday, 5:30 PM Channel 16

S. FRANCISCO Agora Brasil - Every Saturday, 3:00 PM - 4'00 PM, KPFA, 94.0 FM with Elvira Cola and Eric Taller Brasileirinho - Every Wed-

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51

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53

An excerpt

lall NOM Id NalinglES While traditional and Liberation Theology Catholicism continues to lose ground, Evangelicals have been steadily increasing their share of believers in Brazil.

Pentecostals, for one, with their freewheeling style of worship were able to adapt themselves to the Brazilian temperament. They taught that miracles are more common than people think and can transform anyone.

In 1930 one in 10 Protestants belonged to a Pentecostal sect.

By 1964 that proportion had grown to seven out of eight.

JOSEPH A. PAGE The gates to Maracand opened at 5 A.M., and in a matter of hours nearly 160,000 people had filled both the ground-level seats and the upperdeck benches, as well as the sunken standingroom area surrounding the grassy surface where Brazil's elite soccer players normally cavort.

On one side of the playing field a precariously anchored cross towered over a stage that covered nearly a hundred square yards. A sixtythousand-watt sound system amplified religious hymns, some of which borrowed melodies from popular favorites such as "Bridge Over Troubled Waters." The multitude, which had come on foot NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1996

and by public transportation from Rio de Janeiro's poorer neighborhoods, and on chartered buses from other regions of the country, sang with unabashed enthusiasm. Many were in wheelchairs or on crutches or displayed other physical infirmities.

They belonged to the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God, and had assembled to hear their soi-disant bishop, Edir Macedo, who mounted the platform shortly after 10 A.M. to proclaim the living Christ and to ask those of his flock beset by health problems to stand up and place their hands on the afflicted parts of their bodies.

"In the name of the Lord," he intoned, "let the evil forces that possess a husband, a wife, or a child, that bring AIDS or cancer, let them leave now."

The spectators began to chant "Out! Out!" and soon people on all sides were emitting loud cries, or convulsing, or fainting.

As a follow-up, the bishop called on persons with eyeglasses to pass them up to the stage, and scores of believers immediately complied.

Macedo and several of his assistants arranged them in a pile. "God will make you see," the bishop declared, whereupon he joined his aides in stomping on the glasses and reducing them to fragments.

In the final portion of the service, neatly dressed church workers passed among the multitude with sacks that soon bulged with cash contributions, as Bishop Macedo instructed his flock, "The more you give, the more you'll receive. " The Universal Church of the Kingdom of God is but one of a number of Pentecostal sects that are in the forefront in the vertiginous growth of evangelical Protestantism in Brazil, a development that threatens to rob the country of its status as the largest Roman Catholic nation in the world, and to bring about dramatic, far-reaching changes in the texture of Brazilian society.

A confidential study undertaken

by Brazil's Roman Catholic bishops and sent to the Vatican on the eve of Pope John Paul II's 1991 trip to Brazil estimated that the Brazilian Catholic Church was losing six hundred thousand members a year to Protestant denominations and other religious groups, and that the number of Brazilian Catholics who actually practiced their faith did not match the number of practicing Protestants.

Moreover, it is evident that the

most rapidly expanding Protestant congregations are those of the "new Pentecostals," who not only claim direct inspiration from the Holy Spirit and speak in tongues but also perform cures and exorcisms and preach here-andnow self-improvement through individual initiative. These fundamentalist sects operate independently of one another. The larger churches make extensive use of radio and television.

The smaller ones operate out of renovated storefronts in slum neighborhoods. They all stress personal responsibility and sacrifice, qualities that mesh nicely with notions of free enterprise and decentralized authority.

Hence, it is not surprising that these churches tend to support a conservative political agenda.

In addition, the new Pentecostals are specifically targeting the Afro-Brazilian cults, whose orixas are considered rivals of the Holy Spirit. The Pentecostals have not only aggressively (and successfully) attracted converts from the ranks of the cults; they have even, upon occasion, launched physical attacks on cult members.

The followers of Bishop Macedo and the numerous other Pentecostal pastors are a distinctly new breed of Brazilian Protestant, a far cry from the non-Catholics who began to settle in Brazil during the nineteenth century.

In point of fact, the first Protestants to attempt to gain a foothold in Brazil were the Huguenots who took part in the unsuccessful 1555 French invasion of Rio de Janeiro. Neither they nor the Dutch Protestants who occupied Northeast Brazil in the seventeenth century made any lasting mark on the religious landscape of the country.

It was not until German immigrants began to arrive in the early nineteenth century that Protestantism gained a permanent foothold in Brazil. But as they arrived in greater numbers, the German settlers made no attempts to attract converts, choosing to keep their Lutheran faith to themselves.

A Scotsman named Robert Kakkey is credited with launching the first Protestant missionary effort in Brazil.

In 1855 he and his wife founded a Congregational church in Rio de Janeiro. Presbyterian missionaries from the United States arrived in 1859.

In addition to proselytizing, they founded private educational institutions, such as the American School

(now Mackenzie University) in sao Paulo. American Methodists, Baptists, and Episcopalians also opened churches and sought Brazilian converts.

These historical or classical Protestants from the United States came to Brazil with social and political ideas that were quite different from those of the people they hoped to attract. Their goal was not only to implant new religious beliefs in Brazil, but also to introduce a new culture. They brought with them American patterns of behavior and reproduced, both physically and institutionally, the American churches they had left behind them.

In their view, Brazilian music, dancing, and feast-day celebrations such as Carnaval were sinful.

When Brazilians adopted one of the new Protestant religions, they rejected much of their native culture.

They became more rational and less spontaneous and emotional. As David Martin points out in his book Tongues ofFire, Brazil's early Protestants were "a peculiar people marked by their dislike of alcohol, promiscuity, and dancing, and by their attachment to work and social mobility." They even dressed differently, by wearing ties.

Curiously, the word used to designate hem was not "Protestants," but rather "crentes," or "believers."

The Protestant churches enjoyed odest success in attracting converts from the Brazilian middle class. The nly denomination to make any headay within the lower classes was the aptist, perhaps because of the drama and emotion associated with baptism by immersion.

The crentes might have remained an insignificant minority within a predominantly Roman Catholic country had it not been for the arrival of a new type of Protestant in the second decade of the twentieth century. The first Pentecostals to found churches in prazil came from the United States and belonged to a unique, charismatic religious movement that had recently i oken away from historic Protestantlym. The faith they brought with them resonated in Brazil, especially among the poor.

Pentecostalism called on its believers to seek a religious experience that matched the appearance of the Holy Ghost before the apostles of Christ. This "baptism with the Holy Spirit" brought with it the ability to speak in tongues, as well as to cure the sick and make prophesies.

Pentecostalism taught a literal interpretation of the Bible, and it urged on its followers a strict moral code. Services were highly emotional and spontaneous, in stark contrast to the formalized worship to be found in classical Protestant churches.

One of the key features of Pentecostalism was its emphasis on autonomy and individualism. For Pentecostals, bureaucracy and hierarchy were anathema. They never united into a single church but instead remained a heterogeneous lot, although several large denominations did eventually emerge within the movement.

The first Brazilian Pentecostals materialized in the state of So Paulo in 1910 and in Belem in 1911. The latter belonged to a sect called the Assembly of God; whereas the former named themselves the Christian Congregation of Brazil. For several decades these sects remained very much on the fringes of the religious scene, as they disdained not only Roman Catholicism but also the established Protestant denominations, which, in turn, looked with scorn on their fundamentalist rivals.

It was not until the 1950s and 1960s that Pentecostalism began to enjoy rapid growth, a phenomenon that has continued to the present day.

What sparked their success in gaining converts was Brazil's industrial revolution, which increased the size of the working class and fostered a sense of alienation and bewilderment among the urban poor. In search of community and certainty, many of them turned to Pentecostalism.

An important factor in the upsurge of popularity of this fundamentalist religion was that the Pentecostals did not openly seek to transplant a new culture to Brazil, as the mainstream Protestants had done. Indeed, their freewheeling style of worship was well suited to the Brazilian temperament. Believers could sing, shout, and applaud in an improvised fashion and bring Brazilian musical instruments into their churches. Moreover, Pentecostalism addressed the day-today concerns of its members. It taught that miracles can happen at any moment and can transform people's lives.

In 1930 one in 10 Protestants belonged to a Pentecostal sect. By 1964 that proportion had grown to seven out of eight (if one discounts the German-Brazilian Lutherans).

The most aggressive of the first wave of Pentecostals belonged to the

Assembly of God. From their humble beginnings in northern Brazil they eventually spread to every state and territory in the union; they were especially effective at gaining converts in

The fact that the Universal Church does not require that its members give up smoking, drinking, and dancing differentiates it from other Pentecostal churches and makes it even more attractive to many Brazilians. rural areas. In 1930 this denomination accounted for 31 percent of all Pentecostals in Brazil; by 1970 its presence had increased to 53 percent.

Over time, as the Assembly of God has matured, it has grown more institutionalized than most other Brazilian Pentecostal denominations. The assembly established a seminary, a national headquarters, and a publishing house.

These institutions, in turn, have provided a solid base and a continuity that have made the denomination an important social force.

With the appearance of the new Pentecostals, however, the Assembly of God found itself relegated to the category of historical Pentecostalism.

In recent decades a more autonomous, unruly style of Pentecostalism has burst on the scene and shaken up the religious establishments of Brazil.

These new Pentecostals brought with them old-style Pentecostalism and a willingness to use the modern mass media to promote it. In addition, they engaged in assertive fund-raising among their flocks, and some churches have amassed substantial fortunes.

They categorically rejected any form of ecumenicalism and were openly hostile to Roman Catholicism, the AfroBrazilian religions, and the traditional Protestant churches, although they have formed political alliances with nonPentecostal evangelicals (Protestants who believe the Bible should be read literally).

A survey conducted several years ago by the Institute for the Study of Religion in Rio de Janeiro gives a strong sense of the growth of the evangelical movement. It found that over a specified period of time in Greater Rio, an area with a population of 10 million, a

new evangelical church opened its doors about once a day. Nine out of 10 new churches belonged to a Pentecostal denomination. Over the same time span and within the same geographical limits, 214 new spiritist centers and one new Catholic parish were inaugurated. The study calculated that about 20 percent of the residents of the heavily populated Fluminense Lowlands are Protestant.

As might be expected, Brazilians dismayed by this trend (including members of the Roman Catholic hierarchy) have blamed it on nefarious foreign influences, or more specifically, the Central Intelligence Agency, working on its own and with the help of American missionaries and multinational corporations. This theory posits that the CIA saw fundamentalist Protestants first as a bulwark against the spread of Communism in Brazil, and then as an antidote to liberation theology, which the agency viewed as a threat to American economic hegemony in Brazil.

The conviction that Brazilians on their own could not possibly produce the vast amount of growth in the Pentecostal churches without outside help provides yet another example of the Brazilian inferiority complex. This view not only lacks factual support; it also conveniently sidesteps the possibility that a connection might exist between the rise of Pentecostalism and popular dissatisfaction with liberation theology and its emphasis on community (and political) action. Moreover, this view also betrays a fundamental misperception of the social forces that are propelling Pentecostalism and evangelical Protestantism in Brazil.

Some observers make the argument that liberation theology has drained much of the emotional content from Roman Catholicism. According to them, the lower classes in Brazil have always responded to the spiritual, mystical, at times magical elements of Catholicism, but when these elements are de-emphasized, the poor seek them elsewhere. (As a counterresponse, the Catholic Church has begun to develop its own charismatic movement).

Moreover, the poor have run out of patience when it comes to waiting for social and political change to have an impact on their lives. Although through the mechanism of the Ecclesiastical Base Communities, liberation theology advocates the need for community action to achieve social and po-

NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

litical change, the Pentecostals offer personal salvation through personal transformation. Individual metamorphosis is within the control of the individual, and it is more likely to produce tangible, positive results.

Fundamentalist Protestantism has obviously connected in a very basic way with Brazil's have-nots, and has been much more successful in doing so than progressive Catholicism. As a Brazilian minister noted in a New York Times interview, "The irony is that the Catholics opted for the poor, and the poor opted for the Evangelicals."

The responsibility liberation theology may bear for the spread of the Pentecostal movement in Brazil is a highly debatable point. Defenders of progressive Roman Catholicism contend that the Pentecostals are for the most part converting people who are Catholic in name only, and that the Church would be suffering even greater defections were it not for the renewal associated with liberation theology and the Ecclesiastical Base Communities.

Whatever the contribution of liberation theology, it is clear beyond cavil that the economic situation in the country in the 1980s and early 1990s has played a major role in expanding the ranks of the Pentecostals. The crisis has caused a recession with devastating consequences for millions of Brazilians. Daily life for them has become a constant struggle for survival.

In addition, the peasants and rural workers who have migrated to city slums find themselves adrift in a strange at times hostile environment.

The new Pentecostals have responded to the slumdwellers' needs by providing them with a community to which they can belong, and a conviction that they can improve their lot in life.

Three pillars form the basis for the new Pentecostalism. The first is a view of illness as a manifestation of the Devil's presence The historical Pentecostals did not make cures a central element of their religious practice but instead relegated them to a peripheral status. The new Pentecostal pastors stress therapy through the exorcism of Satan. In a country where health care for the poor is woefully inadequate, where the hardships of daily life produce not only disease and injury but also a multitude of neuroses, and where society in general disregards the suffering of the have-nots, it is not difficult to understand the appeal of a religion that speaks of healing. It is also

NEWS from BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 1995

conceivable that the emotional experience provided by the new Pentecostalism may have an ameliorating effect on people suffering from psychosomatic ailments, which are not uncommon among the lower and lower middle classes.

Closely related to the stress on healing i the use of exorcism to drive out the diabolic forces that corrupt an individual's character and behavior.

Urban life uproots traditional values, and this upheaval, in turn, can foster a deep sense of insecurity. The culture of poverty in city slums destroys family relationships and turns young men toward lives of crime and young women toward the abyss of prostitution. The new Pentecostalism sees this set of circumstances as the work of Satan and offers exorcism as a remedy.

Finally, the new Pentecostals preach the virtues of self-improvement, individual initiative, and hard work. Believers are urged to seek better jobs. Making money, they are told, is an indication of God's blessing.

Support networks within the churches relay information about employment openings. Moreover, Pentecostals' reputation as honest, diligent workers has led employers to give Pentecostals preference when they are hiring or making promotion decisions. Since the churches require their members to abstain from alcoholic beverages and leisure activities such as dancing, many Pentecostals have begun to accumulate savings.

The attitude of the new Pentecostals toward money has generated charges of abuses within the movement. Critics claim that Pentecostal pastors play on the misery and gullibility of lower-class Brazilians to persuade them to part with cash they can

become pastors and use their churches to raise funds of which no account is kept. Moreover, the financial muscle developed by highly successful new Pentecostals, such as Bishop Edir Macedo and his Universal Church of the Kingdom of God, has raised concerns about where all this money is being spent.

Edir Macedo is undoubtedly the most prosperous of the new Pentecostals. He was born in 1945 in Rio das Flores, a small town in the state of Rio de Janeiro near the Minas Gerais border. His father had migrated from the Northeast and was a merchant of modest means. The family moved several times before settling down in Sao CristOvao, a neighborhood in the north zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro.

By his own account, Macedo took courses at a university but never obtained a degree. He claims to have worked at the State Secretariat of Finances for 16 years. (Press reports aver that his job was selling tickets for the state lottery.) Macedo's ambition, however, ran to higher levels, and he soon discovered he had a religious calling.

A Roman Catholic by birth, Macedo had dabbled in umbanda before becoming a pastor in one of Brazil's numerous Pentecostal sects.

How much actual preparation he underwent before assuming this position is unknown, but it was probably minimal, since the new Pentecostals generally did not require seminary training for their ministers-to-be. In 1977 he struck out on his own and founded the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God, which held its first services in a rented house that had once served as a funeral parlor.

Over the next decade and a half, Edir Macedo established himself as Brazil's most successful religious entrepreneur. Perhaps his greatest triThey operate umph occurred in October 1991, when independently of one he attracted 400,000 to simultaneous another. They all stress prayer meetings in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and Salvador on the same day personal responsibility that Pope John Paul II was drawing and sacrifice, qualities only a hundred thousand to a mass in Brasilia. While reliable statistics are that mesh nicely with nonexistent, it is estimated that the notions of free enterprise Universal Church has between five and decentralized hundred thousand and two million members frequenting some 850 houses authority. of worship in Brazil. Moreover, ill afford to do without. The total au- Macedo claims to have affiliated tonomy that characterizes Pentecostal churches in Argentina, Uruguay, Pordenominations does create opportuni- tugal, Spain, and the United States. As ties for charismatic entrepreneurs to befitting his newly attained status, he

has declared himself a bishop, much to the consternation of not only the Roman Catholic Church but also the Protestant churches.

The charismatic preaching style of Edir Macedo has had much to do with the rapid expansion of the Universal Church. Whether appearing before tens of thousands in soccer stadiums, or reaching untold millions through radio broadcasts and telecasts, Bishop Macedo has won over a large and loyal following with his promises to heal the physically and spiritually afflicted by freeing them from the grip of Satan. At the same time, he has convinced his flock that miracles depend on faith, and that the size of one's financial contribution to the church is a dependable measure of the strength of one's faith. The fact that the Universal Church does not require that its members give up smoking, drinking, and dancing differentiates this denomination from other Pentecostal churches and makes it even more attractive to many Brazilians.

Bishop Macedo created a highly successful spiritual enterprise and he also put together a business empire that includes a publishing house, a company that builds churches, and a chain of radio stations. But it was not until he purchased Brazil's fifth-largest television network for $45 million in 1989 that public criticism of him reached a crescendo.

Brazilian journalists swarmed over Macedo and his Universal Church. The press investigated the sale of the network and uncovered a number of alleged irregularities. Macedo, who personally controls all the funds of the Universal Church, was also accused oftax evasion, illegally sending money abroad (he owns property just outside New York City, where he established a residence in 1986) and, more mundanely, breaking the law by promising cures in return for cash contributions The charges against Bishop Macedo will undoubtedly strike some American observers as drab, especially when placed alongside the colorful scandals involving the "TV evangelists" in the United States. Macedo's followers claim that their leader is being unjustly persecuted by people who disapprove of the growth in membership enjoyed by the flagship church of the new Pentecostalism. There may be elements of truth in this suspicion.

The bishop may also be paying a price for the open, aggressive hostility the Universal Church has demonstrated

toward the Afro-Brazilian religions, and for the right-wing politics that he and his flock, as well as other new Pentecostals and evangelical Protestants, have embraced.

The relationship between Brazilian Pentecostalism and Afro-Brazilian religious beliefs is closer than one would imagine. Both share the same concept of the supernatural, except that for the Afro-Brazilians the orixas are deities, but for the Pentecostals they are Satanic spirits. The Pentecostals preach that the Holy Spirit is stronger than the orixas, and they advocate the use of exorcism for freeing believers in candomble or umbanda from the spiritual entities that possess them.

Thus the rites performed by Pentecostal pastors more often than not specifically target the Afro-Brazilian orixds.

Some Pentecostals, including members of Bishop Macedo' s Universal Church, have not been satisfied with the high number of conversions they have achieved among members of Afro-Brazilian religions. Responding to the violent rhetoric of their pastors, they have launched physical attacks on both terreiros and people they suspect of frequenting them.

Devotees of umbanda dress in white for their ceremonies, and Pentecostals have occasionally assaulted white-clad individuals (who at times have been umbandistas and at other times healthcare workers). These outbreaks of violence constitute dramatic departures from the Brazilian tradition of religious tolerance and, in the eyes of many, put Pentecostals in a negative light.

The ultraconservative politics of the Pentecostals and other evangelical Protestants has been more open and more aggressive in recent years. However, it is worth noting that not all politically active Pentecostals have located themselves on the conservative side of the spectrum. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, many of the rural workers who joined peasant leagues in the Northeast belonged to the Assembly of God. And Benedita da Silva, one of the rising stars of the left-wing Workers' party and a successful candidate for the Senate from the state of Rio de Janeiro in 1994, is an active member of a Pentecostal church.

But over the past decade, it has been the right-wing Pentecostals and evangelicals who have thrust themselves into political prominence. Al-

though they have not launched any religiously oriented party to serve as a specific vehicle for their agenda, they have elected a number of federal and state deputies. The Congress that served during the late 1980s included thirty-four evangelical deputies, of whom eighteen were Pentecostals.

They formed a block that helped keep an amendment legalizing abortion out of the Constitution; they also acted in concert to promote other conservative causes.

Bishop Macedo was only one of a large number of leading Pentecostals and evangelicals who endorsed Fernando Collor for the presidency in 1989 and claim credit for providing him with more than 10 million votes.

While this may be an exaggeration, most of Brazil's political parties now pay close attention to the Protestant vote.

The rapid growth of Pentecostalism and evangelical Protestantism may eventually impose significant changes on Brazilian culture. The traditional Protestants originally tried to influence Brazilian culture but failed, because they did not connect with the local ethos. The new fundamentalists have adapted themselves to certain elements of Brazilianness, and use these links to attract converts. But at the same time they induce their membership to undergo behavioral changes, such as abstention from dancing and drinking and dedication to the work ethic and the accumulation of wealth.

Some see these changes in behavior as essential preconditions to the modernization of Brazil. Thus an article in Forbes magazine concludes that "the growth of Protestantism in Brazil and throughout Latin America offers solid clues to the future â&#x20AC;&#x201D; a capitalist, bourgeois future, not a Marxist or traditional future."

Yet this future will depend on the sort of economic development that will reach Brazil's poor, who fill the ranks of the new Pentecostals, and will transform them into members of the middle class. Such a change will require more than faith healing and exorcism.

This article appeared originally under the title "Evangelicals on the Move" and was a chapter of the just-released The Brazilians.

The 540-page book was written by Joseph A. Page and published by Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.

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