Brazzil - Year 3 - Number 70 - February 16-29 1992

$1.50

Year 3 - No. 70- February 16-29, 1992

SWEAT AND

CUTTING

CHAINS Slaves in Brazil? Yes, says Ricardo Rezende, a catholic priest from Rio Maria, in the North of Brazil. According to Rezende, there is slavery in the farms in the South of Para. Invited by the argentinean Adolfo Perez Esquivel, Nobel peace prize in 1980, the priest went to Genebra to dennounce the situation to the U.N. Human Rights Commission. He accuses the Braziliangoverrunent forallowing this exploitation.

Says Rezende that from 1964 to 1991, 1681 people were murdered in Brazil, because of conflicts between farmers and peasants. There was an attempt to kill Rezende last year.

THE FIELD There is talk that when the organization for the World Cup'94 announces the 12 American cities that will hold the games, it will not be the definitive list. The announcement should occur at March 23, but it is very likely that the Executive Comrnitee of FIFA will reduce this number of cities to eight. Atlanta, Chicago, Dallas, Los Angeles, Miami,

S AI MAIS UM QUENTINHO Nem so de recordes de crimes e de divida vive o Brasil. A Federacao Nacional d e Exportadores de Cafe es ta de peito es tufad o diante dos filtimos numeros. A tabulacao final revelou que 1991 foi um ano excelente para o cafe brasileiro, represe ntand o o me lhor ano para a exportacao do prod uto ate hoje. 0 Brasil exportou mais de 21 milhOes de sacas de 60 quilos, o que representa um aumento de 24,2% em relacao ao ano anterior. 0 recorde anterior aconteceu em 1973, quando foram exportados 19 milhOes de sacas.

PROSPERIDADE

A BRASILEIRA

Pergunte a Antonio Luis Mendes, 27, se ele gostaria de voltar a lavrar a terra, ser funcionario publico ou professor.

E sua resposta sera nao, nao e nao. 0 ex-agricultor do Piaui, urn dos es tad os mais pobres do Brasil, achou uma pro fissao lucrativa, nas ruas, usando apenas urn trapoe agua gra tui ta que retira do rio Parnaiba, na capital piauiense. Mendes é urn eximio lavador de carros e consegue fazer cerca de CR$ 300 mil (cerca de US$ 300) por mes. Contente corn o lucro, ele diz que "isto evita de a gente quere emprego do governo." 0 solteiro Mendes 6 urn born partido. Ele fatura quase sete vezes mais que uma professora de primeiro gra u em inicio de carreira. Uma professorinha ganha apenas Cr$ 40 mil por mes.

our 'alp .50 at • ip 13.% immumme viz .‘ 1.11141 New Orleans, San Francisco and Seattle are some of the 19 hopeful towns. The reduction of the sites to eight would make it easier for the teams and fans to travel.

This first World Cup happening in the USA will be held from June 17 to July 17 of 1994.

CHICO A evolucao do especie (a brasileira)

,s 1937 1945 1955 196T 1964 1968 1970

1974 1978 198

z

Tempo de folia, de samba suor e estupor de lanca-perfume. Uma rara ocasiao em que ser inconsequente é de rigueur. Los Angeles e arredores estarao dando uma mostra do Carnaval desenfreado que o Brasil esta exibindo. Nossas paginas sao um roteiro dos

good times pra quern estiver a fim de cair no samba.

Mas mesmo nos melhores tempos, o Rio do melhor Carnaval do mundo, continua tambem send° uma das capitais do crime mundial. Enquanto o mundo dirige suas atenceies Para os cartes de Medellin e Cali, o Brasil esta criando seu proprio cartel domestic°. E nao é pra brincadeira. Cheque os

ntimeros.

0 Rio tambem esti se preparando para a ECO-92 como se estivesse partindo para uma guerra. Toda as Inas noticias sobre criminalidade e sequestros parece ter assustado alguns chefes de estado, que estao pedindo seguranca reforcada.Segure-sevoce que mais uma aventura vai comecar. Esquindo!

R.M.

5

CONTENTS

11

R

Drugs

It

Collor: tudo bem!

is "snowing" in Rio

13

6

Tighten the belt, Mulata

The new economy

9 Honey, they are shrinking Brazil

10 Rio, cidade sitiada

All'W

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. ON

.1 TAW T

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DA 7ff

M.P.M.W.NAMOSONAMergri.M0

14

Cover by Dianna Eisenberg

Lost decade no more!

DEPARTA ME NTS 2 Rapidinhas 7 Correio do Brasil 8 Letters 19 Lost Angels

As pernas mais velozes do Brasil

22 That's Brazilian!

23 Calendar

A invasao mexicana

15 21

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CARNIVAL 1992!

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DRUGS

RIO SNOW They work like a big company. They make as azi

an empire of death and intimidation.

Plinio Fraga, Rio de Janeiro

The "Rio Cartel" collects every month around $ 5 million selling 500 kilos of cocaine in 200 spots spread all over the Greater Rio. The group of traffickers employs directly nine thousand people.

The numbers are just estimates from the Analysis Sector and Data Bank of the Department of Repression of Narcotics (DRE).

The volume of money obtained by drug trafficking is almost 40% of the average monthly net profit in 91 of Votorantim Group, the biggest Brazilian private group. According to the "Annual Financial Statement 91" published by the newspaper GazetaMercantil, Votorantim had $133.7 million in net profit last year, whatrepresents an average of $ 13.8 million a month.

DRE estimates that there are at least 108 traffickers in the main "executive posts" of Rio's drug business. The "headquarters" are located in favelas, with accounting books, defined functions, staggered salaries ac-

cording to the degree of trust and profit sharing for the most important and most competent "officers".

Among the 9,000 employees in the business, most of them are less than 18. Reason: They are considered cheap labor, they cannot be reached by the law — they do not serve time by the crimes committed, staying under the responsibility of their parents — and they are looking for a career that gives them power and money. They are recruited among people from the favelas already used to the presence of drugs and traffickers, and to the fear of Police.

Each gram of cocaine is sold for 10 thousand cruzeiros (around $10), in papelotes (little paper packages). The

product with more appeal in the market, however, is the sacole, less than half gram of cocaine (normally mixed with boric acid, talc, baking powder and other substances) packed in cellophane paper and sold at a price that goes from 2,000 to 3,000 cruzeiros.

The Andarai and Mineira hills (North zone) have the biggest selling spots, with up to 100 officials each. In Andarai, during the wee hours, there are even lines to buy the drug, according to the plainclothes police who have been following the business action that is directed by "executives" whose war names are "Ouro Fino", "Cabarra", "Marto" e "Café".

The planning takes special care with security. In the Jacarezinhofavela there is almost everyday the so called "death streetcar". Around 30 "soldiers", security agents for the traffickers, go around the main narrow passes trying to detect any police operation.

According to Jaime da Matta, inspector of the Analysis Sector from DRE, the Rio traffickers take care basically of the city's needs.

orgiEMZIL

CO

"The international traffic is concen- man, gets Cr$ 1,6 million. The manapr sales, makes Cr$ 3 million, while his trated in Sao Paulo. All the cocaine that of "black", accountant for marijuana counterpart, the manager of "white", accountant for cocaine arrives in Rio go first sales, earns Cr$ 4 million. through Sao Paulo," For the general manager, says he. the one who takes charge The Rio Cartel trafof all these personnel, the fickers—a reference to salary is open and is negothe Medellin Cartel, an tiated in a case to case baorganized group for the Aida:ea sis. international drug trafA big part of the colleficking — have their giate of around 30 men own suppliers who who control the Rio Cartel bring the cocaine from is in prison. The most powother Latin countries. erful of the traffickers are The three more imporpart of an organization tant are "Nelson Ven tacalled Red Command. nia", "Paulinho do P6" Francisco Viriato Correa, and "Chulipao" -that's the "Japanese", who is the way Wilson Ferrreira das Neves is known.

They are hard to locate.

The Police believe they Most of the live outside Rio. personnel The Rio Cartel creare minors. ated a job and salary exchange to regulate The law is the job market fed by much more the traffic in the hills and favelas of Rio. As in lenient with the legal economic acthem. tivities, the relation between position and monthly income is dee activities ox aru serving time in a maxifined by the degree of scale economies, mumsecurity penitentiary specialization of the in Rio, is called "general" "worker" and by the longer the by the participants of the rank the post has in the The ill -ara "11 H i e l I ***4 c.rericy6t : p Red Command. This organization's hierar•-ay. involvingop.

0.1e1.110.4.0.

410ei.v.; group was started ten chy. . .,. . . . .-,4........*,. :-.„..•• Alg)..:Ati..Es'i,.,...-:,ze,.. " reciciogiiihat efla :a . ..,•.......:: ,.. :•,-,,,,olinor years ago

by Jose Carlos . a• -.g The State of Rio af.- .:::::w .

- . . :„.: .,. .: :. equipment, sop Gregorio, the "Fat", who ter studying this work l • 'a# ., : .4'iair:td:iri;':,, %t,4'°.fllji4'4it :#Tj is also behind bars for drug . ...,-.E.IT44#-1market concluded that i. ;!,.:.7 : :.7!., :..!.#1;%'.ef'•:p:'f,t4e'tki.iiii trafficking and car stealvisinotleth2te the minimum payment traditional ing.

-$'1(s coab oci''rt`Itt. made by the traffickers ,..,.,.. ntrarY ltes,„..a, d..ite.)di'llie.0:. researches "Gordo" created an orwas a little more than l'he ma. . str re veal decentraiized ganization that takes care twice the minimum fioairYles(ao6oltii*olelthitii5, of the leaders even when wage. The sentry, 1 17I'dyt"I' 1 .a : ,,. ,,•-:i.,t...iii.i sibii..;ti ..,,.,...::..,:40 :.ot‘b, ,.4,.., .,i, something tod they are in jail. It is a kind watchman who warns 1.1:f°t'eiii*.6 ''''.....' of security fund against ,•' ' '. #9:10e:'sizianiiaiineifia, ::...':.'f6:4:11 about any police blitz, n,.4, network of alliances' thatt . are being imprisonment. This orgamakes Cr$ 200,000. The -tiht e.„ changed . :' A61 a e all the tinie 4 a. nization is also responsible soldier, responsible for ixtyth, !.40.re than ris°nr6b1e or e for deciding who are the security, comes after .anized crime, Latin America yes todaythe mass "heirs" of a detained with CR$ 900,000. The leader. vapor (steam), sales.

NO*7'.N04:8

Eduardo Monteiro Corn minha fantasia prontinha, reluzente, cheia de cores, eu já estou mais que pronto para o Carnaval que es ta bate ndo a minha porta. E voce? Sei que Los Angeles ja teve seus tempos de escolas de samba, mas agora, pelo que me contam, esta feito um tfimulo de tristeza. Pra consolar a tchurma que debandou e que sente saudades da zorra carnavalesca, eu quero dizer que o Carnaval do Brasil tambem nao esti corn essa bola toda. Esse ano, corn tanta recessao, desemprego, inflacao, Collor, e outras miserias deste nosso pals, o Carnaval vai ser coisa mesmo de gente teimosa — como eu — que insiste em se d ivertir mesmo quando o barco esti pronto pra afundar. Voce bemsabe que eu nao sou apocaliptico, mas desta vez a coisa vai mesmo pro brejo. Ou já foi. SO pra voce ter uma idea de como nosso louco pals anda louco de pedra, al vao alguns dad os. A gasolina custa perto de dois &Mares o galao, o salad() minim° 6 de menos de 80 &Mares pormes, mas as ruas andam congestionadas de carros. 0 preco da cornid a nos restaurantes anda pelahora da morte (um file corn fritas no Jota's, por exemplo, custa dez &Mares), mas voce tern de esperar na fila pra corner.

Todo mundo reclama que esti duro, que nao tem dinheiro nem pra comprar camisinhas, mas o sistema AnchietaImigrantes, que leva paulistas para as praias, vira um inferno todo fim-desemana, corn a debandada dos duros.

0 &Mar paralelo anda mais barato que o chamado dolarlivre (que, na verdade, o dolar oficial, corn cotacao fixada pelo Banco Central); isso é algo que eu jamais pensei ver na minha vida. Os alugueis que meses atras es tavam mais cams que na California, cairam feito balao apagado depois da nova lei do inquilinato (que, entre outras coisas, trouxe de volta a denuncia vazia); hoje se pod e alugar um tres dorrnitOrios em Moema, pertinho do Ibirapuera, ou no Jardim Paulista, por menos de 400 &Mares por mes. Mesmo assim, Sao Paulo segue com mais de 23 mil imoveis desocupados, e mais de 50 mil pessoas dormindo pelas ruas. De qualquer modo, eu estou pronto para rodar a baiana e tentar esquecer urn pouco todo esse nonsense. Como se ye, apesar

do nonsense, a vida continua. Por exemplo, no teatro continua 0 Misterio de Irma Vap, corn os impagaveis Ney Latorraca e Marcos Naninni, corn direcao de Marilia Pera; qualquer pessoa de born senso que venha a Pauliceia deve ver este espetaculo. No front musical, tudo tambem continua na mesma: musica caipira da pior qualidade (bem parecida coma masica modcana), e rock esteril e de mau gosto continuam tocando adoidado, tomando o espaco que normalmente deveria pertencer a boa musica brasileira. Mas mesmo por al, a gente nao ye nada de novo. Os lancamentos importantes ficam por conta dos mesmo de sempre: Gilberto Gil corn Parabolicarnarti, e Caetano Veloso corn Circulado; ainda nno ouvi falar dos novos discos de Milton Nascimento, ou Djavan, ou Ivan Lins. Mas sei que o Teo Lima acaba de gravar seu primeiro disco solo (que deve ser mixado al em L.A.), e que Antonio Adolfo esti de volta ao Rio enquanto gravaceies complementares sao feitas no master que ele deixou al em Los Angeles. Na televisao, a mesma coisa de sempre: a Globo domina na novela das oito, corn producao impecavel, para fazer a lavagem cerebral de milhoes de brasileiros. 0 Jornal Nacional continua mumificado pelas presencas assepticas de Cid Moreira e Sergio Chapelin, enquanto o SBP do seu Silvio Santos segue ganhando pontos junto ao resto do povao corn um jornal-tabloide chamado Aqui e Agora. 0 engracado é que a Jovem Pan FM tira um sarro do jornal do SBT com a parndiaCaquieAmora,eganha pontos fazendo brincadeira corn coisa seria. A tWfro

mesrna radio abusa da boa-vontade do pablico corn um spot chamado Boi na Linha, que funciona mais ou menos assim: o pessoal da radio, muito gozador, liga para incautos por uma razao ou outra (ha os que publicaram anfincios classificados, ousimplesmete Os que sao "preparados" por amigos), e fazem a maior sacanagem no ar. Teve o caso de Luna mulher que, chamada pelo pessoal da Pan, acreditou que estava falando corn urn figura de oubro planeta, e concordou em fazer amor corn a tal figura pelo telefone. I-na-credi-ta-vel. Mas tambem, num pals que tern urn presidente mentiroso e plagiador, o prOprio conceito de inacreditavelentraemdiscussao. Ra-rara.Enquanto isso, como diz o Maguila Cabeca de Gori/a(outro personagem do SBT rid icularizado pela Pan), ogoverno s6 manda porrada. Que o digam os aposentados de Santa Catarina, que foram pisoteados pela Policia Militar quando faziam uma passseata para reclamar o pagamento dos 147% concedidos pela Justica. Alias, esta his toria dos 147% ja passou dos limites.

Em qualquer lugar do mundo, a coisa já teria d esand ado em revolta popular, mas aqui, o nosso sangue de barata deixa tudo por isso mesmo. 0 sangue da gente so esquenta mesmo quando os tambores comecam a repicar, e o cheiro de lanca perfLunecomecaencher o ar de novo. (E verdade que a lanca esta proibida far tempo, mas naoexiste contrabandista paraguaio — isto praticamente qualquer cidadao paulistano —que nao traga uma boas garrafinhas de poppers para fazer as vezes). E por falar em sangue, uma tragedia para alegrar o seu fim de inverno: em Sao Paulo, logo no comeco do ano, urn advogado matou o filho porque ouvia a televisao num volume muito alto. Como se a tragedia nao estivesse completa, um outro filho do advogado resolveu vingar a morte do irmao e assassinou o pai corn tres tiros.

No ano que vem, es ta his toria que faria inveja a Med eia, pode ate virar tema de desfile de escola de samba. Esquind6esquindo. Um abraco cheio de paetes e purpurinas pra voce.

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18, 00

RAZ IL The most humble projections about the growth of the Brazilian population in the 80's pointed to some almost unbearable numbers. The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) had predicted that there would be 170 million Brazilians in 1991; this would have meant immense problems for the country, such as creating jobs for the newcomers. The census, however, has shown vastly different data: there are less than 145 million people living in Brazil today.

Brazil has shrunk in at least 8.3 million people, when we compare the data revealed by the census even with projections made just one year ago by the same IBGE, that has made corrections and predicted a population of 153.3 million. By the same predictions, Sao Paulo lost one million souls; its population is closer to 9.5 million than to the 10.5 million predicted.

The difference between the numbers predicted and those yielded by the census shows that many of the studies prepared by the government are wrong. There are not 50 million homeless Brazilians, and the gaps indicated for housing, education, health and other items are smaller than those presented.

Far from being just a matter of saying that the government is wrong, the new numbers have a more practical side: they show that the solution of many of the problems faced by Brazil are less difficult than previously thought.

As a result, many government institutions will have to rethink their programs for the next few years.

"The best side of this reduction is that the govern-

a are fewer's achs to go empty to bed every night. ment will improve the quality of life of the population and will still have some funds left for investments. This means that the economy will have the opportunity to grow more, because what makes the country grow is investment," said Roberto Macedo, the national secretary of the Economic Policy.

With the tabulation of the data from 24 states and Brasilia, the difference between the projections —131.27 million —and the data —126.36 million — is of 4.9 million, an amount superior to the population of 16 Brazilian states. Since the census had been postponed from 1990 to 1991, one can see that the population registered year should be smaller than those predicted for the year before.

When all the data is processed, the difference should be even greater; the data for the states of Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Bahia e Pernambuco has not yet been computed.

Because the difference between projections and results are so big, many are talking about frauds in either phase of the census. Even for those who do not believe that frauds

occurred, however, the question remains as to how the IBGE managed to be so far off in its studies. Perhaps the best explanation would be that the institute is using the wrong methodology.

In 1970, there was a miscalculation of 2.17 million. From the predicted 95.3 million people projected for that year, the census yielded only 93.14 million. The mistake was repeated in 1980, when the projections pointed to 123.03 million, but the numbers revealed only 119.01 million.

The source of such mistakes is the reduction in the rhythm of growth of the population. From 2.99% in the 50's, the rhythm fell to 2.89 in the 60's — and that lead the IBGE to believe that the decrease would keep that pace for the 70's and 80's. In the 70's, however, the Brazilian population has grown at a rhythm of only 2.48% per year, below the 2.79% expected.

Besides that, there were changes in the way the Brazilian population is distributed, with a heavy migration from the country to the cities. The urban population jumped from 67.6% in 1980 to 74.1% in 1990.

These changes resulted themselves in more changes in the behavior of the population. The Brazilian woman dropped her "productivity" from 6 to 3 children, in the last 20 years. This can be explained by many factors, such as the levels of instruction of women in an urban environment, and the d iffusion of new methods of birth control. This fact alone would be enough to explain the differences between the prediction made by the IBGE and the numbers of the census.

•

'

Daniela Chiaretti, Sao Paulo A Eco-92 vai transformar o Rio de Janeiro em cenario de uma operacao de guerra. Seguranca maxima 6 o que o governo brasileiro esta prometendo aos chefes de Estado e de governo que pretendem vir a uma cidade que tern fama internacional de ser, na mesma proporcao, maravilhosa e violenta.

Segundo Lucas Assuncao, assessor executivo do secretario geral da Eco-92, Maurice Strong, o medo que existe no exterior em relacao a seguranca no Rio, obrigou o governo brasileiro a afirmar que "vai oferecer zonas de policiamento severo".

A Policia Militar dobrara seu contingente, dias antes d a conferencia internacional sobre meio ambiente e desenvolvimento comecar, dia 1° de junho, e apos o termino do evento, marcado para o dia 12 do mesmo mes.

Toda a orla maritima da zona sul do Rio, onde se concentram os hotels que devem hospedar as autoridades, sera ostensivamente policiada. 0 Riocentro, local da conferencia, prioridade numero urn no esquema de seguranca.

"Se uma equipe da PM atua normalmente em quarteirOes da cidade, duas equipes passarao a vigiar a area," diz o tenente-coronel Wilton Ribeiro, que trabalha no planejamento do sistema de seguranca.

A Policia Federal, que tern a responsabilidade de acompanhar autoridades, estuda a operacao ha urn ano. As principais linhas de acao estao

way

Blindados nas ruas, helicopteros do Exercito nos ceus, uma operacao pente fino, para garantir a seguranca. dos VIPs participando da conferencia internacional sobre o meio ambiente. A policia brasileira esta pronta para o pior. num trabalho de cerca de 400 paginas.

"Nossos policiais sera° especialmente treinados," diz Romeu Tuma, secretario nacional da Policia Federal. Mais de mil agentes faraocursos sobre seguranca e autoridades.

Outros aprenderao a detectar e desarmar explosivos. Eles terao ainda que aprender algo sobre a conferencia, muito sobre o Rio, e tudo sobre o cerimonial adotado nestas ocasiOes. A Policia Civil tambem duplicara o pessoal nas delegacias prifoximas

ao evento e junto aos hoteis. A PF tera carros blindados nas ruas. A PM sofisticara seu sistema de comunicavies. Todos querem mais carros, armas e municOes. Helicopteros, provavelmente do Exercito, voarao intensivamente sobre a cidade, faz,endo "varreduras" - jargao policial que batiza a fiscalizacao do trajeto por onde devera passar uma pessoa importante.

0 Rio tera dias de feriado municipal; as escolas estarao de ferias; o transit° sera desviado. "Estamos trabalhando corn toda a especulacao de cenarios possiveis," diz Luiz Octavio Themudo, coordenadorgeral do Grupo Trabalho Nacional (GIN), responsavel pela logistica da Eco-92.

Os esquemas de seguranca ainda nao estao fechados, esclarece Flavio Miragaia Perri, secretario-executivo do GTN. Estuda-se de tudo: desde o que fazer se um diltivio isolar o Riocentro a hipotese de instalar circuitos internos de televisao nos tfineis da cidade.

A tarefa é dificil. Durante alguns dias deverao estar reunidos no Rio de Janeiro os homens mais importantes do mundo. Eles devem chegar no dia 10 de junho, se retinem nod ia 11 e participam do encerramento no dia 12. Concentra-los foi uma decisao da ONU, promotora do evento. Isso porque eles estarao numa cidade que tern, em seus morros, traficantes tres vezes mais armados do que a prOpria policia.

•

TUDO BEM! Garante o presidente, apos rumores de que estaria seriamente doente e prestes a abandonar o governo.

0 boato se espalhou como fogo em graveto seco. 0 presidente iria renunciar diziam os rumores. Urn novo ministerio sera formado imediatamente, as supostas bem informadas fontes, diziam. As Bolsas de Valores do Rio de Janeiro e de Sao Paulo nao esperaram que as noticias fossem confirmadas.

Os precos das acoes despencaram imediatamente e as bolsas carioca e paulista encerraram seus trabalhos corn uma desvalorizacao de 6,6% e 7,5%, respectivamente.

No dia seguinte, Collor de Mello estava de volta ao Palacio do Planalto, e para variar, furioso. Ele chamou a imprensa de "it responsavel" ou pelo menos "imprudente" por divulgar noticias sobre seu alegado precario estado de saude.

"Nao ha absolutamente nada corn a saude do presidene d a RepUblica," disse Collor. "Ao contrario, continuo corn a mesma disposicao, corn a mesma determinacao, corn a mesma vontade de superar as dificuldades, de encontrar formulas de consenso para vencer os problemas."

A boataria comecou quando o presidente resolveu ficar em casa no dia 5 de fevereiro, cancelando varios compromissos de sua agenda. Ele esta corn urn resfriado, era uma das versOes. 0 presidenteesta corn urn inflamacao do colon, dizia outra teoria. Nao, o problema dele é depressao profunda, comentaram alguns, concluindo que a doenca era seria o suficiente para afasta-lo da presidencia.

Collor disse que em dois anos como presidente foi essa a primeira vez tirou um dia para se recolher e fazer alguns trabalhos que requeriam tranqUilidade e concentraca'o.

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TIGHTEN THE BELT, MULATA akin a.Carnival costume these da

tion and sweat.

Rodoifo Espinoza, Rio de Janeiro

For the avenue sambista ,who spends his time and little savings to prepare for Carnival and the show on the streets of Rio, life has never been easy. And this year will not be an exception. The runaway inflation of Brazil means that in only three months, it is costing 400% more to make a costume. Way too much and a burden that is hurting a lot the escolas de samba.

Not everybody is worried, to be sure.

Alcir Pereira, the president of Escola de Samba Estacio de SA, for example, says he is "not getting the head hot". Veteran of other carnivals and an expert in the Brazilian psyche, he just sighs and comments: "Brazilians are like that. They leave everything for the last moment."

Procrastination, however, doesn't seem to be the real problem. Many escolas had to rearrange its priorities to put the samba in the avenue. Some opted to cut floats and use the money of this saving for the costumes of the main atractions of the parade Nobody is escaping the scissors. "It's very hard to prepare a Carnival these

days," said Fernando Muniz, the organizer for Escola de Samba Mocidade Independente de Padre Miguel. " These price raises are abusive. The flask of glicerine glue went up 150% in just one week."

Muniz and his colleagues know very well that samba doens't bring money, only takes it. Mocidade Independente, which won the cham-

pionship as best group for the last two years, requires a minimum of 50 and a maximum of 150 participants in its alas (wings), some of which were still incomplete at the end of January for lack of money.

The same script is repeated as well in the richer as in the poorer NEWS froM

Escolas. There are many empty spots where voluntary extras normally participate, donating their effort and paying their own way and costume. The sambistas are not there this time. And the big number of participants that can be of around 5,000 dancers has been an important factor to win the prize as best Escola de Samba.

There is no lack of enthusiasm.

The litany of complaints repeats the same lament: we don't have money, things are way too expensive. All these thousands and thousands of volunteers don't have the money to buy their costumes.

The 14 most important escolas have more or less drastic plans to reduce their size, eliminating some alas.That will happen with a big loss for the biggest party at open air in the planet.

Alas, what can they do, however, when the cheapest costume is 60,000 cruzeiros ($ 40) more than a monthly minimum wage, that is 42,000 cruzeiros. Just make it a little fancier and the same attire will cost 300,000 cruzeiros ($ 200 dollars).

Take some examples. A pheasant feather, that cost 9,100 cruzeiros in November, escalated to 38,000 in January. And the ostrich feathers are being quoted in dollar: $240 per kilo.

With the price of sequin in the skies, the carnavalescos (the parade directors) are having to improvise and put their imagination to work overtime.

No problem there. At least at that, • they are good.

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LOST DECADE NO MORE! This is a promise of the Economy minister of Brazil. He is no re concrete, however, besides the hope of bette anything distant future and the certaintity of bitter times in the near new loan obtained from the IMF. Rodolfo Empo

o de Janeiro

While ba410.0*.ke popping their champagnes 040104ring Brazil had obtained $2Jibilliiitigbught from the

The minister is not trying to gild the pill.

Times will be tough, he says.

International MO1* ry Fund (IMF), was tighneting little hit more the already overfastene4 ey know very well that the pm ion means mainly one thing: more recession and austerity.

The agreement SIth the IMF was essential to Brazil, in way that the country now can its external debt witICO:jitMVate creditors.

The last resi00000ilhe approval of the loan vi4Cgn0.16.ed down by Economy minigkM4rcilio Marques Moreira, wi044(Aie last minute, called the an.:0640rs of the seven most developed -0000try (G-7) for a meeting, in Moreira heard from Alexandre Kafka, the Brazilian*.presentative at the IMF, that Japan England had some reservations gt# the problems raised by a increase :0 147% in the benefits of the Brazilian Social Secua th e common

E\NS.;

Odging 'OS in the after a

hope that tority. The minister guaranteed that Brazil besides and minimum the country would fulfill all of its MOITOW Will t). n the meager obligations. President Collor de Mello wages will be today. also made a speech with the same 70 dollars a rrO Moreira will In the com purpose: make sure the problems ebt with the with Social Security wouldn't jeop- try to renego Paris Club that es many counardize the repayment of the debt. zil. The govIn the last 10 years, Brazil pre- tries that loa y to have its sented 11 different economic plans to ernment hopes the IMF. Five of them, including the payments req: 01e4 but also its 22 billion relast one that was formalized in Wash- total debt of 4I0 the 600 comington, had the blessing of the IMF, duced.Nextstii uh the country but not even one of the proposals was mercial banks owes other $4 accomplished. ..

Moreira himself is not trying to To do it a ,Moreira says atrietsho timi%;tio gild the pill for the Brazilians. Right athse ii,7cyTc,lihioni including after the signature of the agreement changes in the economy, besinbaan sidc he declared at a press conference: freer markets, less isf privatizations.

"The next six months will be hard, ngwipe out im the with recession and unemployment." ises weren't a According to the minister, however, smirk of skeptkism from the Brazilthis is a worthwhile sacrifice, prepar- ian faces. ing the way for the country to deal All in all, just the right job for finally with the renegotiation of its Superman, considering Brazilis dealexternal debt, that amounts to $118 billion, a record for a Third World nation.

Said Moreira: "That gives us a green light for our reappearance in the international financial world.

After 12 years, Brazilians have now the chance to get rid of all their difficulties. There will not be another lost decade."

The minister was referring to the fact that the economy went into a halt, the last decade, after having grown rapidly in the "miracle years" ing at the same time with a montly p recession, a of the seventies. Moreira admitted inflation of 25 also that there is noth much that he sea of red ink in the domestic budget can offer to the miserable masses in and a disgruntled and uncooperaI tive Congress

Tired of ptomises and one more plan, the Brazilians can't avoid being cynical.

Medalha de ouro nas Olimpiadas de Los Angeles, em se adaptar a um novo pals, aprender outro idioma e 1984, e prata em Seul, em 1988, sempre nos 800 metros freqiientar escola tern sua compensacao: corn todas as rasos, o corredor brasiliense Joaquim Cruz tern, a curto facilidades oferecidas aos atletas nos Estados Unidos, prazo, uma meta muito concreta: os Jogos Olimpicos de Cruz melhorou muito seu desempenho.

Barcelona, neste ano, onde espera repetir os bons "0 ideal seria que mais atletas brasileiros pudessem resultados conseguidos no passado. A longo prazo, Cruz, fazer um estagio no exterior porque isso 6 fundamental apontado como uma das glorias do atletismo brasileiro, para o amadurecimento como ser humano e como tern urn sonho: fazer corn que as medalhas que ganhou esporfista," acrescentou. tenham mais significado. Como? Transmitindo sua Seu caso exemplifica esse amadurecimento. Em 1981, experiencia aos jovens que comecam carreira no esporte. ao participar da sua primeira competicao internacional "No esporte, a medalha nao — a corrida de 800 metros de deve ser o Calico objetivo.

Roma, vencida pelo ingles necessario dar continuidade ao Sebastian Coe — Cruz lembra trabalho e nao ficar no acontecer que perdeu a prova na hora que nasceu em Brasilia e nunca e de ixar de acontecer," afirmou. esqueceu suas origens humildes. entrou na pista.

Embora sem data marcada, Agora, depois de haver se tornado "Fiquei nervoso quando vi o Cruz e seu treinador Luiz estadio lotado, perdi o controle, urn dos grandes nomes do Alberto estao corn pianos de ir nem corn," recorda. atletismo mundial, ele sonha em ao Brasil, ainda este ano, para Quando entrou no Coliseu conseguir para muitos outros colocar a primeira pedra para a de Los Angeles, porem, sentiu construcao do acalentado brasileiros aspirantes a atletas, as que estava em casa. Muito oportunidades que ele mesmo projeto do corredor brasileiro: seguro, levou a medalha de ouro teve.

Ele continua em excelente iniciar em Brasilia uma "clinica e explicou por que: "Em Eugene, me acostumei a de atletismo", corn conferencias forma e ainda tern treinar corn colegas de varios para despertar o interesse dos jovens no esporte e sensibilizar paises. Havia urn ambiente internacional e as provas empresas e autoridades. pareciam realmentecompeticeies "Embora pareca quase um estrangeiras. Adquiri seguranca luxo investir no esporte num e as 90 mil pessoas no estadio de pais onde tanta gente passa Los Angeles nao me fome, considero que este 6 urn Ivan' Vassoler, San Dego assustaram." inveStimento importanteporque Avesso a contar o numero de tambem 6 educacao," des tacou.

Os problemas enfrentados por todos aqueles que querem vitorias acumuladas nos filtimos anos, Cruz esbanja dedicar-se ao esporte no Brasil sao bem conhecidos. Uma serenidade. No apartamento de San Diego, onde mora lista interminavel que passa pela falta de instalaceles corn sua mulher, a americana Mary, o atleta diz que já adequadas para treinamento, pis tas deterioradas, descaso aprendeu a conviver corn o problema que corn frequencia das autoridades, dificuldades para obter patrocinador. atinge os poucos atletas brasileiros que estao no exterior: Cruz, que mora nos Estados Unidos ha dez anos, disse a falta de patrocinio. Segundo ele, os patrocinadores vao que para ele o ideal seria ficar no Brasil, se as condicOes e vem. Por isso mesmo, aprendeu a ser mais organizado fossem mais favoraveis aos atletas. nas financas e pode viver da poupanca nos tempos de Foram os bons resultados que obteve no Brasil nos vacas magras.

Para os medalhistas brasileiros nos recentes Jogos 800 metros rasos — sua especialiade — e o apoio de empresas, entre elas, a Coca-Cola, Nike e Adidas, 'os Panamericanos de Cuba, Cruz, alem de compartilhar responsaveis pela chegada de Cruz aos Estados Unidos corn eles o orgulho pela vitoria, recomenda que continuem quando tinha apenas 18 anos. Mas nao veio apenas para treinando para consodilar o atletismo no Brasil. Diz ele: treinar. Ao lado de corridas diarias de ate 16 quilennetros "Uma nova geracao de atletas brasileiros esta e da presenca em provas intemacionais, Cruz foi tambem desabrochando como uma for. E para criar tradicao aluno de linguas romanicas na Universidade de Eugene, necessitam de apoio. Endo falo de recursos as tronomicos, Oregon. Agora, cursa educacao fisica, na Universidade mas talvez um esquema semelhante ao daqui onde a comunidade, as empresas e as universidades colaboram Point Loma, em San Diego.

Para Joaquim, todo o esforco que esta realizando para na construcao e manutencao dos centros desportivos."

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Back to Los Angeles, I start thinking that the rain is following me. I left Sao Paulo under an interminable drizzle, just to see that the same scenario is happening in L.A. To say that I left Sao Paulo under rain is an understatement. During the almost two months that I was down there, we only had five days without rain. It's not that I do not like min, but enough is enough. Or isn't it?

those of you who are not familiar with the stuff, let me explain how it goes, in just a few words. Any person working in Brazil has to pay about 10% of his or her wages to a retirement fund that is administered by the government. The funds are also used to maintain an incipient universal medical insurance — that now covers also those who are not working. The agency in charge of such funds is the National Institute of Social Welfare, or INSS (abbreviation of the Portuguese name).

Some good news waited for me in L.A.. For instance, I learned that Taquinho and Carla Aratijo have a new baby. His name is Lucas. Let's hope that he inherits his looks from his mother and his musical talents from his father. Welcome aboard, Lucas!

Usually, a person retires after a certain number of years of work —35 for a man, 30 for a woman. At this point, the retiree should receive about 80% of the average of his last 36 salaries, which is just about fair. However, as time goes by, the amounts paid to Anothergood news is that the mu- retirees are not adjusted according to sical extravaganza Oba Oba is back in the inflation, in such a way that soon town, once again at the Pantages in the retiree will be making much less Hollywood.! think it is important that than what is barely necessary to surthose who have never seen Oba Oba vive. That's why the new Brazilian rush to see it, because is the best por- Constitution says that no one — not trait of Brazilian popular culture avail- even retirees — should receive less able. Produced by my friend Franco than one minimum wage per month.

Fontana, and starred by my friend The minimum wage in Brazil now is Eliana Estevao, Oba Oba is a very good about 80 dollars, but there is a great show and a realistic portrait of Brazil. number of retirees who do not receive that amount from the INSS. Down in Brazil, I was flooded with the ongoing discussions about the Recently, some lower courts have government's retirement program. For determined that, in face of the new

constitution and taking into account the inflation, all retirees should receive an immediate increase of 147% in their salaries. The government has refused to pay, alleging that it has no money. In successive appeals, the retirees repeatedly were awarded the increase, but the government kept refusing to pay.

Eventually, the government agreed to pay the increase but only in 1993; the retirees of course do not agree. And that is where the mess stands at this moment. We will keep you posted on new developments on the matter.

Upon my brief return to L.A. (I pla n to be back in Sao Paulo in less than one month), I have a tip for those who plan one day to go back to Brazil; this is the best time to invest your money down there. If you have a few thousand dollars, sometimes as little as 10,000, you can buy yourself a nice apartment or even a house —depending on the area.

Because of the general lack of money, owners are selling for any price.

The only caveat to this advice is obvious: do not buy if you plan to sell too soon, or you would be in the same position of the current owners. Real estate is, by definition, a long-term investment, and it is much more so in today's Brazil. If you want to make a profit, you will have to wait until the economic situation changes, after the departure of Collor.

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Tentando bater a Globo no seu proprio jogo e em seu ro rio campo, o imperio mexicano de teve Televisa, esti t$raslL No prOximos me rceria m orro Cri c'stas n s re a s on r sua en a em erras rasileiras Ricardo Anderaos, Sao Paulo A Televisa esta montando uma produtora de TV em Sao Paulo. A emissora modcana que criou Carrossel 6 a major produtora de programas de TV do planeta, e pretende fazer novelas e minisseries em portugues, corn artistas e tecnicos brasileiros, para veiculacao em TVs do pals e do exterior. Segundo a assessor da presidencia da Televisa, o brasileiro Augusto Marzagao, 61, a nova empresa deve comecar a operar, no maximo, ate julho.

"A ideia da Televisa é latinoamericanizar ao maxim° sua programacao," diz Marzagao. Para isso, a emissora acaba de colocar em operacao duas novas produtoras de TV, no Chile e na Argentina. No Brasil, a ideia 6 se associar a alguma produtora local. Se isso nao for possivel, a empresa banca a empreitada sozinha. Marzagao nao revela o nome do provavel parceiro — "para nao atrapalhar as negociagoes" — nem o montante que pretende invesfir no pals.

A escolha dos profissionais que vao fazer a direcao artistica dos produtos Televisa "made in Brazil" nao preocupa Marzagao. "0 mercado brasileiro de televisao esta ocioso.

Ha muitos valores esperando uma oportunidade," diz ele.

Alem de criar programas em portugues, a nova produtora tambem vai dublar as producoes da Televisa produzidas em castelhano para exibicao no Brasil. Os programas feitos aqui tambem vao ganhar versa° castelhana, para exibicao no exterior.

Marzagao revelou ainda que a Televisa esta sendo procurada por varios grupos brasileiros que possuem concessOes de TV em UHF, interessados em re trans rnifir no Brasil o sinal da ECO/Galavision — uma emissora que exibe noticias e variedades, 24 horas por dia, e que cobre de ponta a ponta o continente americano e a Europa.

0 sinal da Galavision já pode ser

captado no Brasil por quem possui antena parabolica. Marzagdo reveia que para definir uma estrategia de penetracao no pals, a Televisa já chegou a encomendar uma pesquisa de mercado dirigida a este public°, para avaliar sua programacao.

"Numa comparacao direta corn a CNN em castelhano, a pesquisa mostrou que 70% dos entrevistados pretendem acompanhar as noticias pela Galavisi6n," afirrna. Segundo Marzagao, a Televisa tern recebido cartas de telespectadores de varios pontos do Brasil elogiando sua programacao.

Marzagao, mentor da campanha que levou Janio Quadros

Presidencia da Republica, e assessor do ex-presidente Jose Sarney, 6 urn dos responsaveis diretos pela vinda da emissora para o Brasil.

Atualmente, ele é o braco-direito do todo-poderoso Emilio Azcarraga, presidente da Televisa —um imperio formado por 169 emissoras de televisao, dez de radio e a maior editora do Mexico.

A rapida conquista de novos mercados 6 a saida que a Televisa escolheu para contornar uma grande crise financeira. Entre 1988 e 1990, seus balancos acusaram um saldo negativo de mais de US$ 200 milhoes.

No ano passado, a empresa demitiu mais de mil funcionarios.

•

/I*

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SUNDAY 10:00 am- Brazilian Hour on KXLU 88.9 FM with Sergio Mielniczenco 11:30 am - Group Percussion Workshop with Meia Nolte 1:00 pm - Alchemy, a Brazilian Video Show at

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