Brazzil - Year 3 - Number 68 - January 16-31 1992

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Year 3 - No. 68 - January 16-31, 1992

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kiv°144a,r) REPLACING PAN

Am

Pending approval by the Department of Transportation of the USA, starting February 13, United should start flying to Brazil. The routes, that will be made in Boeings 747, are an inheritance of failed Pan Am. The temporaryauthorization for the flies was given for six months. It covers not only Brazil but many other destinations to where Pan Am used to fly, including Mexico, Central America and South America. United has acquired these routes and other property from Pan Am for $135 million. There will be three weekly flies between New York and Montevideo, with stops in Rio de Janeiro. Thousands of people who were left with a useless ticket on hand

THE MILITARY ALLIANCE Nobody doubted that the Latin-American military dictators used to eat at the same plate and to exchange their technique to kill and torture their own people.

Up to now however, the evidence of that was more circumstantial than anything else. No more! Jornal do Brasilhas published a report showing documented evidence of joint action of Brazilian, Argentinian and No 2 NEWS*041 RAZfl 08

CAMISINHA SOB A ARVORE DE NATAL

Foi um presente do Tio Sam a Divisao de Doencas Sexuahnente Transmissiveis e Aids (DST) da cidade de Aracaju, no Sergipe: 25 mil preservafivos. 0 Papai Noel brasileiro, em tempos de vacas magras, nao es ta recusando nada que 6 dado de mao beijada e recheou seu saco corn 5 mil dos brind es do tio rico do Norte. A d is tribuicao foi feita no centro comercial de Aracaju. Papai Noel, agora, esti lavando as maos.Ele entregou o restante dos preservatives ao rei Momo. Sua majestade devera acabar a distribuicao das camisinhas de Venus, no Carnaval. Juntamente com os dispositivos de latex, os sergipanos receberam jogos e panfletos explicativos sobre a Aids. Dos 53 aideticos registrados no Sergipe, 46 morreram.

Uruguayan military during the seventies. The documents were found in the secret archives of the civilian and military Police of Rio Grande do Sul. Included there were names and pictures of many of the political damned, warrants of arrest without judicial order. The archives have abundant documentation on the Tupamaros and other Uruguayan dissidents exiled in Brazil and suspected of wooing the left. *y18 1192

0 DIAGNOSTIC° DO REI PELE Por que o futebol brasileiro anda corn as pemas barnbas? 0 sr. Ed son Arantes do Nascimento dizque sabe. A culpa 6 da economia nacional e das constantes mud angas de tecnico disse Pele, no final do ano, em Cancun, no Mexico. Segundo Pele, os problemas economicos do Brasil, fizeram com que "fossem vendidos muitos dos melhores jogadores para a Europa, impedindo desta maneira que se forme uma equipe de alto nivel. A culpa é nossa. Nao temos uma boa preparacao, nao ha tempo para se preparar a selecao."Mas nenhum estaria perdido. Pele acredita que os problemas podem ser corrigidos a tempo para a Copa de 1994, aqui nos Estados Unidos. Pie parece confiante na capacidade Mario Zagalo e Carlos Parreira, "dois bons tecnicos que conhecem o ambito internacional."

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For all the chutzpa they are supposed to have, which American reporter would ask the president, point blank "Is it true you have Aids?" An for all the hot temper Collor de Mello supposedly has, who could imagine he could have

answered in a so civilized way.

Brazil surprise. Always. Did you know there are movements of separatism in the country? There are serious people seriously thinking about getting a Brazil or a noBrazil just for themselves. The reasoning behind this: Russia and the other republics can, why can't we? Talk about

dream. Chico Mendes didn't die. Three years after his assassination, the whole planet is getting together to make sure his martyrdom was not in vain.

Leaf through! We hope you enjoy this last effort to bring you a little of the pulsating heart of Brazil. Let us know what's in your heart.

R.M.

CONTENTS

5

16

Separatism In Brazil

They want out

10

Mr. President, Is It True You Have Aids?

Still Mourning Chico Mendes

20

11

The Brazil of Dos Passos

Eco-92 ViaComputer

DEPARTAMENTS

13 Caetano, Sempre Caetano

14 Collor Reaches Out

15 Repent, Mr. President!

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2 Rapidinhas 9 Conejo do Brasil 19 Calendar 22 Lost Angels 23 Esportes

21 Tele e Rai: Melhor Nao Tern

21 Medo no Rio

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Publisher: Gilberto Penske / Executive Editor: Rodney MeRo /Administration: Luccl Morelra / Calendar: Sharon Acckaly/ Photography: Cleo Cesar / Representatives: Edson J. Alves (Sao Paulo), Waller Fonseca (Rio de Janeiro), Martha Rocha Goulart (San Francisco), Domenico MatInalla (New Jersey), Carlos de Paula (New York) / For ads call (213) 255-4953 - For subscriptions call (213) 255-4953 or (800) 354-4953- Editorial: (213) 255-8062 - Fax (213) 257-3487

NEWS from BRAZIL Is published every two weeks. Single copy sold for $1.50. One year subscription Is $36.00. Materials published by NEWS from BRAZIL cannot be reproduced -In whole or In part - without the written consent of the publisher. As copyrighted material, NEWS from BRAZIL is protected by the US Code The 17. Address all correspondence to NEWS from BRAZIL - P.O. Box 42536 - Los Angeles, CA 90050-0536, or contact us by fax at (213) 257-3487. NEWS from BRAZIL is a registered mark of GEMA PRODUcDES LTIDA - Sao Paulo, Brazil. NEWS from BRAZIL 1992.

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SEPARATISM IN BRAZIL

THEY WANT OUT

states are areaming a out separa Carlos Castilho, Rio de Janeiro Brazilians are proud of the fact that their territorial gigantism is no t d isturbed by regionalist conflicts. But the separatist virus, that was dormant for more than one hundred years, has come back to action in a moment where the national unity, formerly healthy, has acquired a sick mood thanks to the economic and social crisis. The Fast European autonomy epidemic seems to be finding followers in the richest and most prosperous part of Brazil.

Two public surveys taken at the end of November revealed that there is a growing separatist feeling in the South and in the North of the country. In Rio Grande do Sul, in the extreme South, next to Argentina and Uruguay, there already exists at least 20 organizations committed to the creation of a new country.

In the Northeast, the regionalist disposition even though more diffuse, inspired a popular song, interpreted by Elba Rarnalho, which says without beating around the bush: "If the South thinks the Northeast is bad, dry and ungrateful, if there is a separation in fact, it is necessary to make it legal."

The Institute Toledo and Associates, from Sao Paulo, arrived to the startling conclusion that 21% of Brazilians like the idea to see their huge country into various autonomous pieces. As for the Boni-

lha Institute, from Curitiba, state of Parana, it interviewed only the states in the South region and found out that not less than 41% of the interviewees would like not to depend anymore on Brasilia.

The numbers found by both institutes are far from presenting an irreversible balkanization of Brazil, but the raise in sympathizers of separatism, that went from 16% of the population ten years ago to the 21% of nowadays show that Brazilians are

united among themselves as we would think United States of the South is the name the sociologist, writer and journalist Irton Marx considers ideal for the country he intends to see created in the extreme Brazilian austral, reuniting the present-daystates of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e Parana.

Marx, a German descendent, but without any ideological association with his famous namesake, has even drawn a flag for his United States, with a red background, two perpendicular yellow and black stripes, with a blue circle in the middle, containing 13 white stars.

From Santa Cruz do Sul, in Rio Grande, Marx published last year the book "Republic of the Gaucho Pampas", a confuse collection of ultra-nationalistic ideas, filled with statistical data about the economic potential of the region and subtle touches of racism, sectarism and regionalist acrimony. The writer would be only a visionary if his ideas were not shared, in various degrees, by influential businessmen and politicians from the South of Brazil.

During Summer vacation, that started in December, the almost 100 activists of the separatist movement in Parana are going from beach to beach distributing T-shirts and bumper stickers with the inscription: "The South is

NWS1ro*nBRA. 68

by the weekly magazine my country."

1st° E/Senhor presents a In Santa Catarina, series of prominent sulisthose who defend the pouring their hearts. tas United States of the South These comments are will try to interest half a marked by high doses of million Argentinian tourdiscrimination against ists for the creation of a the nordestinos. nation of rich people, Businessman Plinio when all Latin America Denes, founder and lives through the worst owner of Frigorifico economic recession of its Chapeco, in Santa Catahistory. rina, one of the biggest in And, in Rio Grande Brazil, says: "These do Sul, the separatists people from the North would intensify the coland the Northeast are lection of three million good, but they don't signatures to try to want to work, and they modify the article 10 of don't want anything to the Brazilian constitution do with what's happenand thus make possible ing today in Brazil." the emancipation of the Sergio Oliveira, a Southern states.

Lawyer from Porto AleThe autonomy dream gre and national presiamonggatichos (the name dent of the Farroupilha given to people born in Party (in formation) says: Rio Grande do Sul) has "We are different physimore than 150 years. Soon cally, ethnically and culafter the Brazilian indeturally.They . (the noniestpendence from Portugal, inos) come from blacks in 1822, they fought the and Ind ians. We descend so called "Revolucao dos from Germans, Italians Farrapos" ("The Rags and Polishes. We have Revolution") against then more in common with emperor Ped ro I who was Uruguay and Argentina accused of imposing a than with the Northcentralizing absolutism to east." the Brazilian provinces.

The South of Brazil, The revolu tion ended where by coincidence with a defeat in 1845, afAnother reason for dissatisfaction there is a strong colony of descendants ter Dom Pedro I had resigned and his son Pedro. II had risen to the throne. is the unequal political representation of Germans, Italians, Spaniards, PolBut the longing for the Republic of in parliament. The 32.3 million voters ishes, indicates that it is suffering the Piratini, created by the rebelled gatichos from the South elect 137 federal con- same effect of the perverse law that ' ion voters from provoked the break-up of the Soviet gressmen, while 5.3 mill is still alive.

The basic motivation is still eco- the North and the Northeast have the Union and stirs regionalism in the rest nomic. The four states of the South of right to elect 216 representatives to the of Europe.

"When the wealth shrinks, the rich Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Lower House of the parliament, in try to leave the sinking boat with the Catarina, Parana e Sao Paulo) com- Brasilia. plain that the central government disThe deterioration of the Brazilian best that's left," says galicho historian criminates financially against them. crisis soured the relations between rich Luis Roberto Targa, doctor in Economy They contribute with 54% of the fed- and poor in the country, and allowed by University of Amiens, in France. He eral taxes but receive only 25% of the that displays of racism and xenopho- is against the separatism of the South, since he believes "the new country money distributed to the regional gov- bia were more frequent. would not be more than a pastoral An article published in December ernments.

Pe.NEws*imaRAz

republic even poorer than it is today."

But former congressman from Rio Grande do Sul, Hélio Musskopf, doesn't believe in this pessimistic prognostic and announces: "Maybe in 1995 will already be possible to create anew nation, that will be really a Brazilian Sweden."

Exaggerations and chauvinism aside, an eventual union of the four states in the South of Brazil would create a country with territory as big as the sum of the areas of Spain and England. It would have a population similar to that of France and an economy whose GNP (Gross National Product) would be a little lower than that of Portugal.

The fear of impoverishment may can explain the separatism of the South, but the startling fact is that the nortistas and nordestinos are also dissatisfied.

The survey from Toledo and Associates showed that 24% of the popula-

On

lion in Para, 23% in Ceara, and 15% in Pernambuco were also stung by the mosquito of separatism, in spite of living in an area of the Brazilian territory that some more cynical call "tropical Bangladesh".

In the North and Northeast the main forces seem to come from the commitment of local politicians to cre-

The independence dream for gafichos has 150 years. ate new captive clienteles of voters.

That's why members of the parliament are trying to create two new states and three more territories. In Para would be born the state of Tapajos and Minas Gerais would lose part of its territory to a new state called TrianguloMineiro.

And inside Amazonas, would be cre-

SUPER

ated the territories of Rio Negro, Alto SolimOes and Araguaia.

All this odd mixture of electoral interests and xenophobic regionalisms is going to explode in one year and a half when the Brazilian Congress intends to promote a new review of the Constitution approved in 1988.

Carlos Castello Branco the dean of the political commentators of the Brazilian press says that the "autonomist whims and separatist ideas are the result of a general state of deterioration of national values."

If the economic difficulties increase a lot until the middle of 1993, date of the newconstitution revision, the temptation to bla me the central government for the crisis will be vezystrong and the "balkanic fever" could weaken the territorial unity of Brazil, that after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, became the fourth biggest country in the planet.

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Eduardo Monteiro Pois é, entra ano e sai ano, a coisa aqui esta na mesma; aqui, o que a imprensa mais noticia é a batalha absurda que travam o govern° e os aposentados pelo aumento de 147% nos valores das pensoes. A Justica Federal ja deu ganho de causa aos velhinhos, mas o pessoal de Brasilia disse que nao tinha dinheiro para pagar; no recurso, os aposentados ganharam de novo, e o governo novamente se recusou a liberar as verbas. A gente vai acompanhando a briga como que segue uma novela: interessado mas sem acreditar muito no enredo. Neste ultimo fim de semana, uma chuva terrivel caiu sobre o Rio de Janeiro e destruiu casas a rodo. Mais de 20 pessoas morreram.

Eu nao vi nenhuma casa de rico invadida pela lama. - s6 barracos construidos em encostas de MOITO. Alias, eu ja reparei numa diferenca fundamental entre a gente dal dos States e a daqui; enquanto al s6 rico constroi em MOTTO, aqui sao os pobres que trepam para morar. Bern, apesar das chuvas e do drama dos aposentados, o sol continua brilhando sobre nossas praias; tivemos 40 graus (104 Farenheit) varios dias seguidos. Eu mesmo if5 todo queimadinho, ui-uiui, descascando, o que é pior. A novelinha 0 Dono do Mundo, que andou prendendo a atencao de toda a gente por aqui, acabou-se, felizmente, que eu ja nao agiientava o enredo fajuterrimo do Gilberto Braga, e a interpretacao canastrona do Antonio Fagundes (eu ate acho ele urn born ator, mas nessa novela nao deu para segurar). Pra substituir 0 Dono do Mundo ja estreou Pedra sobre Pedra,

escrita pelo competente Aguinaldo Silva. Pelos primeiros capitulos, parece que vamos ter uma mistura de Pantanal e Tieta do Agreste corn Saramandaiae Roque Santeiro. As cenas de abertura sao belissimas, mostrando o Chapadao dos Guimaraes. Mas o que de melhor aconteceu recentemente na televisao brasileira foi um especial que a Cultura mostrou, chamado A Guerra dos Meninos, dirigido por Sandra Werneck, baseado no livro do jornalista Gilberto Dimenstein. 0 especial, narrado corn maestria, mos tra a vid a dos menores abandonados - mais de 15 milhOes em todo opals. Os grupos de exterminio especializados em criancas tambem sao enfocados sob a perspectdva da impunidade absoluta.

Acho que os produtores estao negociando a exibicao da Guerra corn a PBS dal; ass im os gringos vao poder vero que é a verdadeira luta ecologica neste pals. A teve Record, tentando recuperar um pouco do prestigio que ja teve no passado, esta reeditando os festivals de masica popular. 0 primeiro desta nova fase comecou quinta-feira, dia 9 de janeiro, no Olympia. Vamos ver no que é que vai dar. Eu mesmo nao acredito muito

em reedicoes, mas ate que gostaria que a ideia pegasse de novo; afinal, muitos dos melhores talentos da nossa musica popular surgiram nos festivais dos anos 60 e 70. Os tempos, porem, sao outros. Hoje estamos mais para a mediocridade da musica brega d isfarcad a de sertaneja do que para coisa de boa qualidade, que exija raciocinio tanto do artista quanto do public°. Ficamos todos emocionados corn o ultimo voo do Electra na Ponte Aerea, dia 6 de janeiro Ultimo; ate o piloto que comandou o aviao nos ultimos 18 anos chorou quando este pousou pela Ultima vez em Congonhas. Como se nao tivessemos outras coisas por que chorar. Mas por falar em aviao, a United comeca a voar pra ca em fevereiro, para preencher a brecha deixada pela Pan Am. Vamos s6 ver se a nova empresa vai honrar os bilhetes de milhares de passageiros que ficaram na mao, corn a falencia da Pan Am (inclusive eu, OD. A Folha fez uma pesquisa entre os leitores para eleger os "melhores" de 1991. Veja alguns dos premiados: "Guns 'N Roses" (melhor disco e melhor grupo musical), "0 Exterminador do Futuro", corn Schwarzenegger (melhor filme), Ayrton Senna (o mais "esperto"), Michael Jackson (melhor video clip, o fantastic° Black or White), e ate o Fernandinho Collor (ficou corn o titulo de "mala" do ano). Pra quem nao sabe, "mala" é a pessoa chata, inconveniente, que devia sair de fininha porque nao esta agradando.

Incrivel pensar que este mesmo povo elegeu o Quinho. Coisas da vida, meu nego. Um born 92 proce de novo.

Pada if/to/tee/iv

STILL MOURNING CHICO MENDES

Fabio Feldemann* It has been three years since rubber gatherer leader Chico Mendes was killed at his home, in the little town of Xapuri, in Acre.

The repercussion of the murder made him the foremost ecological martyr of the world. Thanks to this, Xapuri, Acre and the Amazon were converted today in the focus point of the ecological concern of the planet, in a context where the imaginary mixes up with reality.

In this context, the Amazon ended up by playing the role of counterpoint for the world we live in: natural versus industrialized / plastic, "good savage" versus civilized man, destruction versus preservation.

In the mind of many people, therefore, the Amazon would be the Eden still existent in the planet, epitomizing the great utopia of this decade and, perhaps, of this century: a world ecologically balanced and socially more just, interested in the quality of life of present and future generations.

Of course, the extent of this utopia as of any other, is extremely hard to understand, because, in calling for such radical changes, the "good sense" make us believe they are unthinkable, and most of all, unworkable proposals.

That's there, however, that resides the transforming forces of utopias: .. .

the capacity of making us look at tionships and of national sovereignreality not only how it is, but also ties, based in more justice and equity how we would like it to be. Utopias among peoples and nations.

If we look at this agenda for the add the horizon of possibility to reConference only based in reality, we ality.

The year of 1992 initially brings good have no reason to believe that it can signs for this desired effort to trans- bring anything more than the mere form reality: Brazil will be host for presentation of the event itself: the UNCED-92, the United Nations meeting of very important chiefs of Conference on the Environment and state, personalities and NGOs (non Development, to be staged in June, governmental organizations), whose results can be exhausted in its in Rio. "midiastic" character.

The title of the meeting by itself is I believe the success of the Conthe best manifestation of its ambition. The event wants nothing less ference will depend on our ability to than to save Planet Earth from the transform it into a big catalyst for the accelerated environmental destruc- utopias of 10 billion TV viewers, in a tion, imposing new paradigms of way that will be at least embarrassdevelopment, of international rela- ing if doesn't elicit any commitment to change. For us Brazilians, so humiliated and hopeless nowadays, it remains the opportunity of hosting and leading an event that can possibly change the face of the world in which we live.

This way, we will be perhaps doing what Chico Mendes has done in this life: he fought to transform his individual utopia in reality, without knowing he would make his Xapuri a symbol of an utopia that has today a clearly universal character. •

The success of the Conference will depend on our ability to transform it into a big catalyst for 10 billion utopias.

*Fabio Feldmann, from the PD, is a federal deputy for Sao Paulo. He is the president of the Environmental Committee at the Chamber of Deputies.

•

Eco-92 By COMPUTER will also be able to add his or her own opinion to what You don't have to travel has been discussed in the to Rio to follow and dis- conference. cuss what is going to be Anybody with a comhappening at the environ- puter at home or in the ofmental summit in Rio. fice will have a chance to be Thanks to Alternex, a com- connected to the network. puter and a modem will be All he needs is a modem enough to participate in this and the payment of a fee of global event. $ 20. The first hour of usage Environmentalists and is free. people all over the world Ibase (Institut° Brasileiinterested in ecology and ro de Analises Socio Econounable to be present at the micas) will charge $ 10 for Eco-92, to be held between each hour thereafter. the 1st and the 12th of June Ibase created Alternex in Rio, will be able to follow en 1989 as an idea to stimuthe activities of the meet- late communication among ing, by computer. social groups. The Institute All data concerning of- is a non-profit organizaficial meetings and parallel tion not affiliated to any events can be accessed political party. Its main obthrough a computer net- jective is to offer informawork called Alternex. The tions about organizations, service has already begun unions and popular moveand it is already possible to ments, besides being a way access a series of services to foster discussion of such that include the schedule themes as politics, anthroof Eco-92 main events, data pology, environment, or about the preparatory union politics. meetings or official inforThe network operates mations on preparations for 24 hours a day, everyday of the conferences of the the week, and has today event.

630 members -400 in Brazil During Eco-92, it will and the rest in Latin Ameribe possible to access the ca and other countries. The network through terminals network is associated to the installed at least in three APC (Associacao para o places: Riocentro, Gloria Progresso da ComunicaHotel and aterro do Flamen- cdo), an organization with go. members not only in Latin In these places it will be America but also in the enough that the customer United States, Canada, use their password to know Great-Britain, and Austraabout the discussions held lia.

• by the speakers. He or she Marij6 Zilveti, Selo Paulo

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CAETANO Regis Bonvicino, Sao Paulo Uma das coisas que se perdeu, no Brasil na decada de 80, foi a ideia e a concretizacao de uma determinada cultura, denominada popular. Visivel nos anos 60 e 70, corn a bossa nova e a tropicalia, foi subs tituid a -no campo especifico da masica - pelo rock and roll que, embora, aqui, tenha produzido trabalhos como "Cabeca Dinossauro" (Ma's, 1985), nunca ultrapassou os limites da "cultura de massas" - midia.

"Circulado", novo trabalho de Caetano Velloso, retoma a questa() da cultura de massas, elaboracao de sentimentos e pensamentos correntes na boca e na cabeca do povo.

Nao 6 a toa que o trabalho tern como titulo "Circulador (poema de Haroldo de Campos, musicado por Caetano). 0 poema 6 a retomada do popular sem, contudo, cair no populismo. "Circulado" 6 urn trabalho (ele todo) antipopulista: seu merit° esta em resgatar o gosto pela reflexao. A (antiga) "questa() de ordem" da tropicalia reaparece, agora, na cancao "Fora de Ordem": Caetano percebendo, d es ta vez, que "Vapor Barato, urn mero servical do narcotrafico / foi encontrado na mina de uma escola em construcao."

0 trabalho todo 6 energizado por um sentimento civico: "tudo é menino e menina no olho da rua." 0 poeta nomeando, dando urn possivel sentido criativo, "a mais triste Naga° / na epoca mais podre." A cancao "Fora de Ordem" dialog() corn a cancao do mesmo Caetano, "Triste Bahia" (Transa, 1972). Naquela "epoca", Caetano voltava para o

a Brasil de um exilio em Londres: "Triste Bahia / ó quao dessemelhante...".

0 exilio parece, agora, estar aqui mesmo: "alguma coisa esta fora da ordem nova mu ndial." E °Brasil dessemelhante de um projeto que,

q..

pejudiar

para ele, se imaginou. 0 toque ironico antimoralista - de "Fora de Ordem" esta na citacao da diccao do canto de Jorge Mautner: o verso "e o cano da pistola que as crianças mord em" pronunciado de forma grotesca e arrastada. A palavra ordem esta contida na palavra mordem - 6 a raiva e o 6dio.

0 trabalho 6 pungente e rico numa cancao como "Boas Vindas", samba de roda, que safida o nascimento de uma crianca. A cancao "0 Cu do Mundo" finaliz,a exercicio arbitrario (e violento) das pen:16as rathes ou desrazOes: "A mais triste Naga° (...) compOe-se de possiveis grupos de linchadores."

E a tentativa de imposicao da pena de morte, a instituicao da vinganca privada, do fim de um possivel Estado, de uma certa "ordem".

Mos Caetano nao se contenta em apontar a situacao brasileira. Elege urn paradigma entre os integrantes da comunidade, Neide Candolina: "Preta correta / modal / tern urn Gol que ela mesma comprou / corn o dinheiro que juntou / ensinando portugues na Central."

A escola em ruina reergue-se no exemplo de uma pessoa do povo: nobreza brau. "Fora da ordem" aparece "fora da palavra", na cancao "Terceira Margem do Rio".

•

COLLOR REACHES OUT With a dismal populari

index, criticized

ing 'hogwas Rodotfo Espinoza, Sao Paulo

finances with a rigorous fiscal analysis, reestructuring of the State, a reorientation of the State's role for typical tasks - like education - and a modernization of the economy and quality of work.

For the most part these principles are contained in the ernendao and projetao, two documents sent to the Congress by Collor but never voted.

In his speech, the president stressed that is fundamental to consider these measures still in the first semester of

"An agenda of consensus" was the proposal made by president Fernando Collor de Mello to the Brazilian society in order to establish a basis for an ample national debate about the social-economic crisis the country is going through.

This is the third time since he assumed the presidency in March 1990, that Collor de Mello, 41, reached out looking for a pact or social agreement with the opposition.

The presidential proposals were made during an end of the year address broadcasted live nationally by radio and television. The president presented a series of instruments to obtain what he called "a social market economy".

Collor de Mello talked about cease-fire, national understanding, projetao e emenclao,stressing that the solution would be the cre1992. ation of a "collective will".

The projetao was proposed in These are some of the points pre- march of last year as the "Project of sented by Collor that should be part the National Reconstruction." The of the "agenda of consensus": control main points presented were fiscal of inflation (it came to around 450% reform, the end for some State moin 1991), a cleaning up of the public nopoly and also the end of stability P 14 MOROAKM

for public workers, besides the opening of the foreign capital. But the project is stuck in Congress, with no hope it will be approved one of these days.

Collor raised the flag of conciliation saying he didn't come to divide but to unite, forgetful that one week earlier he had advised businessmen to change their line of work if they were not capable to succeed in the present climate of uncertainty in Brazil.

In this new attempt of mutual understanding, the President chose the leaders of the political parties as his preferred interlocutors. If everything works out as planned by Collor, negotiations for a cease-fire will start immediately, according to senator Marco Maciel (PFL-PE), situation leader in the Senate.

The reaction to the presidential speech came fast. Sao Paulo governor, Luiz Antonio Fleury Filho, for example, expressed his doubts about the sincerity of Collor. Said he: "We are going to have a very hard 92, therefore there is an urgent need to look for dialogue. But this is something that has to be done with an agenda, with a concrete proposal.

The basic need would be to discuss proposals for prices and salaries, profit margins and interest rates.

But it is the government that should

provide the first proposal for a timetable. With a dialogue, not a monologue."

Jair Meneguelli, president of the Central Unica dos Trabalhadores (CUT) was much less diplomatic. "I would love for the president", said the union leader, "to go on a trip on New Year's and never comeback. He could open a third class bar in Italy and stay there for good. It would be our best Christmas gift."

As for Caninde Pegado, president of the General Confederation of Workers (CGT), the Brazilian leader is not serious. "We are already vaccinated against this proposal, "stated he, qualifying the suggestion as "bait".

He had a non rhetorical question: "How come the government is talking about consensus, when just a few days ago was mistreating workers and businessmen?"

The measures proposed by Collor are explosive. They involve a series of changes in old practices that could generate a revolt among those hurt by the new proposals. Included are the end to some monopolies as well as lifetime tenure for public workers.

And the Union, States and municipalities would have to find new formulas to share taxes.

No wonder the president is courting the same people he was antagonizing some days before. He needs 3/5 of the member of each House, to get his proposals passed. Collor cannot do anything without the aid of the opposition, mainly the PMDB, the biggest one.

Taking the hint from president Ronald Reagan who used to go directly to the public when Congress menaced no to approve his proposals, the Brazilian leader has already said that he is ready to campaign as a

candidate, from city to city, in defense of his program. But maybe, is a little too late for Collor to try to arouse the masses that elected him. The last surveys reveal that the majority of

Brazilians consider the Collor administration bad or very bad, with only 8% saying it is good or very good.

•

REPENT, MR. PRESIDENT! That's the only way to end the mistrust between ruler and electorate and to start building a new society of consensus.

Clovis Rossi, Sao Paulo

If we discount the arrogance and the unrealism with which he treats his achievements (something, by the way, shared by all rulers), the Christmas speech of president Collor is correct. Even the points suggested as essential for the "agenda for a consensus" are the same anybody with some good sense would propose under the circumstances.

Of course, there is nothing more than a generic listing from which is very hard to disagree, considering also that the president acknowledges

NEWS born

that the implementation of the measures requires money. As he doesn't state who pays for what, it is easy for everybody to agree on such an agenda, in the obvious expectation that the other will end paying the highest costs.

Personally, I have serious doubts about "ample consensus", as the one suggested by the president.! insist: it doesn't look possible to join in a same boat from Quercia to Mario Covas, from Antonio Carlos Magalhaes to Lula, just to cite some symbolic names.

But, as there are many who believe in the hypothesis of an acordao, the main

.. . . .

MR. COLLOR, IS IT TRUE You HAVE AIDS? difficulty is not that.

The big obstacle to any consensus is the generalized mistrust from some in relation to the others and from society by and large in relation to the rulers. The pres id ent ad mits that such a mistrust exists, but he falls, as a formula of prevailing, in the voluntarism that is one of his trade marks.

"It is necessary that we end once and for all the prejudices that some have in connection with their rulers

How to join in a same boat from Quercia to Mario Covas, from Antonio Carlos Magalhaes to Lula? and representatives", decrees Collor.

And, later on : "It doesn't make sense this separation between government and society, between politicians and citizens."

It's ok. The problem is prejudices and separation weren't born from nothing, or from any little stubbornness of represented against representatives or rulers. They were born from concrete acts practiced by successive powerful people on their turn, the most recent of them Collor himself.

As long as these people, including Collor, don't make their "mea culpa", the mistrust and the distance will continue a reality.

It's no sin, and it doesn't diminish anybody to say: "I've made a mistake and I am willing to fix it". Without that, it will have been just one more Christmas speech. •

kW.0140.1

401.WY

orter.for.Radio....ornal do

to answer.

Carlos Castilho, Rio de Janeiro

The reporter asked, without any diplomacy, if the visible thinning of Collor was an indication that he had acquired the Aids virus. It was the first time that the rumor was mentioned during an occasion that was being transmitted live by radio and TV. The general anticipation was that the president would have a violent reaction, conforming to his style of rude answers when he is the target of accusations or rumors.

But, to everybody's surprise, Collor reacted with good humor. He didn'tgo as far as to deny that he was infected with Aids but he assured he is healthy and that the weight loss is a consequence of excessive work.

The Brazilian president started to get slender in the beginning of October, soon after all the controversy about his matrimonial rifts with first lady Rosane Malta. In November, speculations had become even more frequent, and the weekly magazine Veja even published an enigmatic report about the presidential shadows under the eyes.

Photographers were intrigued by the red color on the president's eyes, what made Veja interview experts to know more about the reason for the fact. Almost everyone explained the problem as being stress related, but

the rumors were also saying emphatically that the Brazilian leader was taking stimulants again.

There is more than enough reason for Collor de Mello to be worn out after 20 months in power. The economic crisis should get worse this first semester of the year. Many Brazilians, facetiously, decided to ignore the new year and wished friends Happy 1993.

The charges of misuse of the public money by member of the presidential cabinet multiply almost daily, while the private sector plunges into a "thin cows" period, tossing generalized accusations against the government.

The president used the end of the year for a little vacation. But even his habitual Sunday exercises sessions were not enough to dispel the unrelenting succession of rumors and innuendos about the Brazilian president health.

The audacity of reporter Sonia Carneiro, a former colleague of the president in secondary school, prompted commotion in the Press, although Collor was cool in answering the embarrassing question.

Instead of talking about himself, he shifted the attention to his personal photographer, who, following the example of the chief lost more than six kilos in two months. •

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01,

THE BRAZIL OF Dos PASSOS

Bondo Wyszpolski,Long Beach JohnDos Passos has perhaps been relegated to the sidelines of American literature since his death in 1970, but his use of montage, his famous camera-eye approach to writing, produced an effect - an immediacy closer to a series of snapshots than to a block of sentences . His prose was robust - and yet it sang like a Carl Sandburg poem or a Woody Guthrie song.

Dos Passos shifted often between fact and fiction, but in either case one could imagine him rolling up his sleeves, and with tough journalistic hands delivering another newsreel roundhouse. Brazil on the Move Books, (Athena $10.95), first published in 1963 and long since out of print, has lost none of its readability in the intervening years. It has, of course, become something of a historical document, because Brazil's 21year-long military dictatorship was still around the corner and not yet in the doorway.

Dos Passos first went to Brazil in 1948 as a reporter for Life magazine. He fell in love with the land and the people, and although he believed in and wanted to keep believing in Brazil's economic, political, and soPage 2

from enAztt.

cial progress, his journalist's ethics ensured that he remain dispassionate, with eyes wide open.

He meets with Juscelino Kubitschek, then president of Brazil, who speaks enthusiastically of Brasilia, as if this new city and capital currently under construction will by its very existence herald the beginning of a prosperous future. Indeed, there's as much sawdust in this book as there is red soil, as much sound of hammering and building as there is of nature itself. Brazil on the Move, then, seems to be about a country in the process of becoming.

Now, if someone had slyly slipped in the subtitle, 'Dos Passos on the Move,' the joke would not be inaccurate; the author is indeed on the go, and we follow him through such cities as Curitiba, Manaus, Brasilia, Rio, Recife, and Natal, just to name some of the largest. Furthermore, he seems to mingle with people from all walks of life Dos Passos also meets the architect Oscar Niemeyer and the writer Gilberto Freyre, and when he 4 steps back to recount and summarize the two terms in office of Getfilio Vargas, it's a story that holds our attention. He also explores in some depth how journalist (later Guanabara governor) Carlos Lacerda uncovered several examples of cor-

Its

ruption in the Vargas regime.

Throughout, it's evident that Dos Passos hasn't set forth to write a vacation brochure: he speaks of Brazil's bureaucratic lethargy and the menace of inflation. We see him, at the end of the book, even getting hot under the collar as he talks about Brazil's political and economic woes.

Brazil on the Move carries us into September, 1962. There is, I would say, a guarded optimism in its final pages, but within a few years, as we know, Emilio Medici would be president, courtesy of the military, and human rights violations would be at their worst. It's hard not to wonder what Dos Passos himself would have made of this precipitous plunge of events. Perhaps he was not unaware of the lurking, darker possibilities, but surely he would have been disappointed and heartbroken.

For a book going on thirty-yearsold, Brazil on the Move remains alive and compelling from start to finish.

We're in the company of a vigorous reporter - and a perceptive, observant human being.

PAM BRASILEIR011

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TELE E RAi: MELHOR NAo TEM

MEDO NO RIO

0 diario carioca 0 Globo entrevistou 25 dos principals treinadores de futebol do Brasil, incluindo Tele Santana, do Sao Paulo; Edinho, do Fluminense; Jair Pereira do Atletico Mineiro; e Carlinhos, do Flamengo. 0 veredito de 23 deles: Rai, do Sao Paulo, é o melhor jogador do Brasil. E 20 deles concordaram que Elivelton, tambem do Sao Paulo, deveria ser considerado a revelacao do ano, em futebol.

Para completar a lavada do time paulista, Tele, o tecnico sampaulino, foi escolhido como o melhor entre todos os seus colegas. Os votos, nesta categoria, entTetanto, foram mais divididos. Tele venceu corn nove votos, seguido de perto por Carlos Alberto Parreira, preparad or da selecao brasileira de futebol, que conquistou seis votos. Curiosamente, Parreira escolheu tambern Tele como o melhor dos melhores.

Segundo este seleto juri. Rai é o atacante ideal da selecao brasileira. Rai de Souza Vie ira de Oliveira é irmao do jogad or Socrates, capita° da equipe do Sao Paulo, o time campeao brasileiro de futebol e vencedor do campeonato paulista.

Onde foram parar as garotas de Ipanema e os meninos do Rio? Cantados em prosa e müsica, eles desapareceram juntamente coin outros frequentadores das praias cariocas. Mesmo para o brasileiro, foi impossivel tolerar o desafio duplo de crime galopante e poluicao alucinante.

Nao se trata apenas da contaminacao normal a que a populacao parece acostumada. Desta vez, a sujeira é em dose cavalar. E a imprensa brasileira anda em busca de uma explicacao para o chiqueirao a cell aberto em que se tornou o Rio. Entre os possiveis suspeitos: urn canal de esgoto que se teria rompido, uma barcaca de lixo afundada, ou alguma firma despejando detritos ilegais.

Ninguem esta comprando a explicacao das autoridades de que nao hA nada de anormal e que a agua é perfeita para os banhistas. Ninguem tambem esta comprando o peixe daquelas Aguas turbas. E sao as autoridades as primeiras a aconselharem que nao se consuma o produto.

Tudo isso acontece, apos promessas dos politicos de que US$ 2 bilhOes seriam destinados a limpeza da regiao, e apenas alguns meses antes de o Rio se tornar o anfitriao da Conferencia Mundial das NacOes Unid as sobre o Meio Ambiente.

BY SERGIO (818) 708-8748

AND BUM-BUMS.

Come dance with us in this first party of '92.

Presenting L A B 0 0 M. Great brazilian band.

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FRIDAY 24 Starting at 9p.m Cover charge $8 Brazilian drinks & appetizers.More energy than ever.

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iteRAZ

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a040.40::

From down here, wet and hot, I send my regards to all of my friends who are buried in blankets in cold Los Angeles. Who said Brazil did not have anything to offer in these times of crisis?

Things here only look bad when you read the pages of economy, or the reports from the Police Stations.

If you go to the beach, it looks as if Brazil is swimming in prosperity.

A hot-dog and a Guarand can keep you alive through the day; wearing an anonymous short make you look like everybody else, and the distinction between poor and rich, employed and unemployed, disappears by magic.

It's only when the time comes for you to return home and pay your bills that the real Brazil starts emerging from that illusion of peace and joy.

Inflation last year was beyond 460%. But I know a lot of people whose salaries did not grow more than 300%.

A friend of mine, whose name I must keep secret fo obvious reasons, was told on December 31, a few minutes before the party that his company prepared for the employees, that his scholarship had been cancelled.

He is a computer programmer, and makes the

equivalent to $340 per month; his college costs about $150 per month, and it was part of his informal contract that the company should pay for his studies.

Of course, he did not like at all to learn his salary had been cut about 33%. "But this is not the time to go looking for another job," he told me while drinking another glass of beer among friends.

That seems to be the problem here.

People are afraid to shout for their rights — even when they are crystal clear. They accept what they have, fearing that even that can be taken away with impunity.

Perhaps the long years of dictatorship have shown that you are safer when you are quiet.

Not really so, but how to say otherwise to the head of a family of

four who makes less than $50 per month and is terrified with the possibility of being fired?

One would thing that the less money a person makes, the less hooked to the job that person would be; that makes sense most everywhere but not in Brazil. The lower-paying jobs are the ones that have been reduced the most, and the lack of qualification of such employees makes them an easy prey to despair in face of a termination.

Of course, the owners of businesses, facing stiff competition and running away from bankruptcy themselves, have to use whatever weapon they have go stay afloat one of these weapons is the reduction of salaries, which the government allows.

But when you think of it, it becomes clear that by reducing salaries, the wealthy Brazilians are just postponing their own bankruptcy: who will buy the products being made in this country, if those who earn salaries cannot afford to buy anything beyond their mere and humble survival?

Well, I am not exactly the person to analyse what is going on here. I've been away for too long, and Brazil now seems to be not another country, but another planet. It is a very, very strange place.

UMA SAo SILVESTRE MEXICANA Apesarde ignorada pela imprensa ianque, a Sao Silvestre continua atraindo os maiores atletas do mundo inteiro. Mais uma vez, o Mexico ficou corn a medalha de melhor, tanto na competicao masculina como na feminina.

Maria Luisa Servin, 29, encerrou os 15 km. da maratona em 54 minutos e 2 segundos, garantindo para Si os US$5,000 reservados para a vencedora. Uma sua compatriota fora a ganhadora nos dois anos anteriores.

E Arturo Barrios, 28, completou o mesmo percurso em 44 minutos e 4 segundos, recebendo pela vit6ria um premio quatro vezes maior. Ele tambem havia sido o vencedor no ano anterior.

A 676 edicao da S'ao Silvestre nao foi como muitos de n6s a conhecemos.

Acabou-se aquela tradicao de comecar a corrida poucos minutos antes da meia-noite do ultimo dia do ano e encerra-la no ano seguinte. A maratona ja nao pode se gabar de ser a primeira e a Ultima corrida de todo ano.

Foi-se tambem o caldeirao de sexos, juntando homens e mulheres em uma s6 corrida. Em compensacao, a competicao 6 agora realmente internacional, tendo mesmo acrescentado 2,4 quilometros ao percurso, para que possa ser incluida já em 1992, no calendario oficial da Associacao Internacional de Atletismo.

Barrios, campeao mundial dos 10 mil metros rasos, nao esconde que sua meta 6 conquistar a medalha de ouro nas Olimpiadas de Barcelona, este ano.

Ele enfrentou 8 mil corredores em Sao Paulo. Sua explicacao para o bicampeonato: "Sou um atleta profissional e como tal sempre corro para ganhar. Nas altimas 12 semanas treinei duro para esta corrida."

A temperatura durante a prova foi de 35 graus centigrados. 0 corred or mexicano disse que poderia

ter conseguido terminar um minuto antes se o calor fosse menor.

Acabou-se o tempo em que brasileiro nao aparecia na lista dos dez melhores. Desta vez, cinco brasileiros estiveram entre os dez primeiros lugares: Delmir dos Santos, em 3Q; John Regis Pazin, em 4Q; Clair

Wathier, em 6; Luiz dos Santos, em 7Q e Adalberto Garcia, em 9Q. No lado feminino, quatro brasileiras chegaram entre as dez primeiras: Rita d e Jesus, em 2Q; Silvana Pereira, em 3Q; Angelica de Almeida, em 5; e Rizoneid e Wanderley, em 6.

•

Ao ENCALc0 DE FANGIO A estrela de Ayrton Senna continua a subir com a mesma velocidade corn que ele tern vencido corrid a ap6s corrida, nas pista de Formula 1. No ano que passou, o piloto brasileiro nao se venceu seu terceiro campeonato mundial de F-1, em quatro anos, como se consagrou como urn dos grandes nomes do automobilismo de todos os tempos.

Nenhum outro pilot° esta tao bem colocado hoje ern dia, para ocupar o mesmo firmament° de uma lenda viva que 6 Juan Manuel Fangio.

Aquele corredor argentino conquistou cinco fitulos mundiais.

De todos os grandes nomes da F1, como Jackie Stewart, Emerson Fittipaldi, Alberto Ascari e Jim Clark, apenas Fangio pode-se gabar de

proezas maiores que o brasileiro, que venceu 33 das 126 corridas de que participou.

Enquanto Senna, esta apenas coin 31 anos, Fangio comecou a vencer corridas quando já estava corn 44.

Sem nenhuma dfivida, ele é o pilot° numero um do mundo. 0 paulista garantiu a pole-position, em 60 corridas de que participou, ou seja, 46% de todas as suas participacOes em F-1. E isso, apesar de todos os problemas de seu carro.

Everdade que ele venceu as quatro primeiras corridas de 1991, mas a equipe McLaren de que fazia parte, nao foi nada confiavel. Pelo menos, em duas ocasiOes, foi obrigado a abandonar a competicao porque acabou a gasolina de seu carro. • ••

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