Having A Drink With Grammar Book of Writing

Having A Drink With Grammar

By: Diana Ortega

Table of Contents

Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3 About the Author …………………………………………………………………………………………. 4 Dectication …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5 Punctuation and Capitalization ……………………………………………………………… 6 Part of Speech ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8 Phrases and Clauses …………………………………………………………………………………….19 Sentences ………………………………………………………………………………………………………...23 Pharagraphs …………………………………………………………………………………………………...27 Essay ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....31

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Introduction

This book is for educational purposes to teach about grammar.

It uses beverages as an example as well for boba, smoothies, tea, soda, ect. It also uses an example of employee workers for they are the one who makes the drinks. This book would not only teach the reader about grammar but also di erent types of drink. This book teaches how to use punctuation and di erent styles of writing sentences. Don’t drink alcohol if you are under the age 21 in the US.

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About the Author

My name is Diana Ortega and I love to talk about drinks. Knowing di erent types of drinks and how to make them has always been an interest of mine. I’ve always struggled with grammar so creating this book was a challenge for me but using something I really admire made it easier to learn. I’ve never really learned proper grammar throughout my elementary school to middle school because the teachers will also ignore my mistakes. It wasn’t till high school my 9th grade teacher taught me all the errors I have in writing. From there I began to learn more writing with my 9th, 10th, and 11th grade teacher. I really hope this book will not only help me but also others who struggle like me.

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Dedication

I dedicate this book to my english teachers that I have and had in high school so far.

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Having A Drink BOOK OF WRITING SECTION 1 PUNCTUATION and CAPITALIZATION Punctuation – Identify the function and create one (1) example sentence of the uses for each mark.

❖ Period (.) is used at the end of a sentence ➢ It has been getting hot lately and the best way to refresh is with water. ❖ Comma (,) is used to indicate a pause or separating grammatical components ➢ A tequila sunrise is a quick and easy drink to make all you’ll need is orange juice, tequila, grenadine syrup, and ice to keep it cold. ❖ Em dash (–) is used to take the place of commas, parentheses, or colons ➢ For those who want to try something di erent–other than juice– you should try boba drinks. ❖ En dash (-) used to represent a span or range of numbers, dates, or time ➢ Mint Julep, a drink from Kentucky, is one of those drinks that require mints you could have 8-10 mint leaves. ❖ Colon (:) is used to introduce a list of items, separate two independent clauses, or separate hours from minutes ➢ For those who like berries smoothies these three are must try: Tropical Mango-Pineapple-berry smoothie, Razzy blue smoothie, and Almond berry smoothie. ❖ Semicolon (;) is used between two independent clauses, between two independent, in lists with internal commas, in elliptical constructions ➢ It's spooktober and that's when the spooky bois comes;you run out milk, the bois are sad. ❖ Question mark (?) is used at the end of a direct question ➢ Did you know the drinking age of Germany is 16? ❖ Exclamation marks (!) are used at the end of a sentence to express emotion like yelling ➢ Three shots of vodka could get a person drunk!

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❖ Apostrophe (‘) could be used in three ways: contractions, plurals, and possessives ➢ One of Mexico’s famous drinks is tequila. ❖ Quotation marks (“”) are used when someone is talking, referencing to something, or referring to a specific word or letter ➢ According to Whitney Lauren Han “Fans of English breakfast tea (like myself) will surely enjoy this classic milk tea.” ❖ Ellipse (...) indicating an omission ➢ Did you know that ca eine in co ee sometimes causes people to…never mind shouldn’t say it, it might be too much. ❖ Brackets ([]) are used for calcification, translation, or Indicating a change in capitalization ➢ Bloody mary[an alcoholic drink] is one of the funnest drinks to make. ❖ Parentheses () allow a writer to provide additional information ➢ Many people who have traveled to Mexico (like me) say the coke from Mexico tastes better than in the US. ❖ Slash (/) is used poetry or mean as per, and, or ➢ Two of the most popular drinks in the word are tea/co ee.

EX: Comma (used to switch words around in a list) – Students at Bravo can freely choose between AP World History, AP US History, AP Government, and AP European History.

Capitalization – Identify and create one (1) example sentence for each rule of capitalization.

EX: (Used to begin a sentence) – 1. Used when a word is abbreviated a. When making a Sidecar you could either use VS (Very Special) or VSOP (Very Superior Old Pale) Cognac.

2. Used when mentioning a name of a country, state, or continent a. The paloma is a popular drink in Mexico.

3. Used when mentioning someone names a. Liu Han-Chieh was the first to come up with the idea of serving Chinese tea cold.

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Have A Drink BOOK OF WRITING SECTION 2 TEMPLATE AND GUIDELINES

PARTS OF SPEECH

NOUNS Types of nouns: · Common Nouns: name a class of people, places, things, or ideas.

Bar, bartender, barista, co ee shop · Proper Nouns: give the name or title of a particular person, place, thing, or idea (must be capitalized).

Starbucks, The Charli, It's Boba Time · Compound Nouns: consist of words used together to form a single noun.

Cocktail, mudslide, Redbull · Concrete Nouns: refer to material things, to people, or to places.

Wine glass, stool, table · Abstract Nouns: name ideas, qualities, concepts, emotions, or attitudes.

Joy, angry, sad

Functions (How nouns are used): · Subject (comes before the verb) Teens are drinking The Charli. · Direct Object (comes after the verb and answers what or whom) The bartender gave the customer his drink. · Indirect Object (answers to who or to whom) The Starbuck employee shouts out the name Debera to hand her drink.

PRONOUNS Pronouns take the place of nouns that have been established.

Personal: Nominative (subjects) Objective (objects) 8

I/we me/us you/you you/you He, she, it, one/they him, her, it, one/them

Possessive My, mine our, ours Your, yours your, yours His, her, hers, its, one’s their, theirs

Relative: Nominative Possessive who whose

That of that

Objective whom that those/ this

Interrogative: who, which, what, whatever, whoever

Reflexive: (personal pronouns plus the su x –self or –selves) Used only: when the action verb is directed toward the subject of the construction: He didn’t drink water causing himself to dehydrate.

They bought themselves two boba drinks to go. to intensify a point: The customers themselves love the Thai Milk Tea. After knowing he himself knew he was going to get wasted after 2 shots.

Demonstrative: this, these that, those

Indefinite:

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all, another, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, everywhere, few, many, much, neither, nobody, none, no one, nothing, one, other, several, somebody, someone, such.

VERBS Verbs show the time, action, and state of being of a subject.

Tense: verbs indicate time via tenses:

simple past past past perfect past progressive simple present

present present perfect present progressive

present perfect progressive future future perfect

Types: There are at least eleven (11) types of verbs: auxiliary verbs (helping verbs) linking verbs (verbs that do not describe action, but connect the subject of a sentence to other parts of the sentence – usually the predicate) lexical verbs (main verbs) dynamic verbs (indicate action) stative verbs (describe a condition) finitive verbs (indicate tense) nonfinitive verbs (infinitives or participles) regular verbs (weak verbs) irregular verbs (strong verbs) transitive verbs (verbs followed by a direct object) intransitive verbs (verbs that do not take direct objects)

Voice: Voice is the form of the verb that indicates how it relates or interacts with the action. The English language has two voices: ACTIVE and PASSIVE. Active: The athlete's got water after they passed the 3rd mile.

Passive: The Bloody Mary got the customer wasted.

Verbals: (VERB FORMS NOT USED AS VERBS) Gerund: word ending in “ing” used as a noun. · Not only there will be food and drinks but dancing as well.

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Participle: word ending in “ing” or “ed” used as an adjective · Hiking makes people want to drink loads of water. · The bar was deserted after covid hit.

Infinitive: verb preceded by the word “to” (to go, to jump) used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs · Teens like to go to the boba shop to get their favorite drink.

ADJECTIVES Adjectives modify, describe, limit, and identify nouns and pronouns. · Kinds: Demonstrative, Common, Proper Pretty, delicious, tasty

ADVERBS Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. · Endings -ed -ing -tail · Conversions Hopelessly, joyfully, happily · Types:

Manner, Frequency, Degree, Place, Time

Example Types: (Create one example each related to your subject) Manner- The bartender gave the customer his drink respectfully.

Time- The barista's hourly wages wasn’t enough to a ord her dream car.

Place- The customer immediately came to the right place to drink.

Degree- The beautiful colors of the boba were oddly satisfying.

Frequency- The obnoxious Karen consistently tried to talk to the employee manager about her drink.

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CONJUNCTIONS Coordinating (FANBOYS): for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so Correlative: Either/or; neither/nor; not only/but also; both/and; whether/or; as/so Subordinate: after, though as, as if, as long as, as thought, because, before, if, in order that, provided that, since, so, so that, that, though, till, unless, when, where, whereas, while Relative pronouns: who (refers to people), which (refers to nonliving object or animals), that (may refer to animals or nonliving objects)

PREPOSITIONS Prepositions link nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other parts of the sentence. Prepositions are NEVER followed by verbs. There are one-word prepositions and complex prepositions. These are some common one-word prepositions: aboard, about, above, according to, across, across from, after, against, along, alongside, alongside of, along with, amid, among, apart from, around, as, as far as, aside from, at, away from, back of, because of, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, but (except), by, by means of, concerning, despite, down, down from, except, except excluding for, for, from, from among, from between, from under, in, in addition to, in behalf of, including, in front of, in place of, in regard to, inside, inside of, in spite of, instead of, into, like, near, near to, notwithstanding, of, o , on, on account of, on behalf of, onto, on top of, opposite, out, out of, outside, outside of, over, over to, owing to, past, prior to, to, toward, under, underneath, until, unto, up, upon, up to, versus, with, within, without.

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INTERJECTIONS Interjections are the final part of speech.

Website: https://www.enchantedlearning.com/wordlist/interjections.shtml A Aah Ack Agreed Ah Aha

Ahem Alas Alright Amen Argh

C Cheerio cheers Chin up Come on Crikey

As if Aw Ay Aye

Curses

B Bah Blast Boo hoo Bother Boy

Brr By golly Bye

D Dear me Doggone Drat Duh

E Easy does it Eek Egads Erm Exactly

F Fair enough Fiddle-dee-dee Fiddlesticks Fie Foo

G G'day Geez Good job Gadzooks Gesundheit Gah Get lost Gosh Gracious Gangway Get outta here Grr Gee Go on Gulp Gee whiz Good Good golly Great

H Ha ha-ha hah hum hallelujah humbug harrumph hurray haw Hee

I I say Ick Is it

J Jeez Just a sec Just kidding

Fooey

here hey hmm

hot dog how huh

ho hum hoo hooray

huzza

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Ixnay

Just wondering

K kapish

L La la-di-dah Lol long time

M Man my my Meh my word Mmmmm most certainly

N Nah Nuts Naw Never No

O Oh oh no oh-oh oho okay

P Peace pew p phew pish

okey-dokey om oof ooh oopsey

over oy oy

Q Quite

R Rah Rats Ready Right Right on

S Say see ya shame shh shoo

T ta-da Take that Time out tally ho tch Thanks

U Ugh Uh Uh-oh Um

shucks sigh sleep tight snap sorry

sssh sup

look look here lordy

no thanks no way nooo not No can do posh psst ptui

roger roger that rumble

there there there toodles touche touche tsk

tsk-tsk tut tut-tut

V very nice very well voila vroom

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Urgh W Wah well well done well, well What Whatever

Y Ya Yea Yeah Yikes Yippee Yo

whee whoops when whoopsy whew why whoa word whoo wow whoopee wuzz up

Z Zap zounds zowie Zzz

yoo-hoo yummy you bet you don't say you know yow yum

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Transitions of Logic Chart

Milder

Stronger

Addition

a further and and then then also too next another other nor

further furthermore moreover in addition additionally besides again equally important first, second finally, last

Comparison

just as ... so too a similar another... like

similarly comparable in the same way likewise

Contrast

but yet and yet still otherwise or though but another rather

however still nevertheless on the other hand on the contrary even so notwithstanding for all that in contrast alternatively at the same time though this may be otherwise instead nonetheless conversely

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Time

then now soon afterward later shortly earlier recently first, second, third next before after today tomorrow

meanwhile at length presently at last finally immediately thereafter at that time subsequently eventually currently in the meantime in the past in the future

Purpose

to do this so that

to this end with this object for this purpose for that reason because of this in order to

Place

there here beyond nearby next to

at that point opposite to adjacent to on the other side in the front in the back

Result

so and so then

hence therefore accordingly consequently thus thereupon as a result in consequence

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Example

that is specifically in particular for one thing

for example for instance an instance of this this can be seen in

Summary and Emphasis

in sum generally after all by the way in general incidentally naturally I hope at least it seems in brief I suppose

in short on the whole as I said in other words to be sure in fact indeed clearly of course anyway remarkably I think assuredly definitely without doubt for all that on the whole in any event importantly Certainly

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Having A Drink BOOK OF WRITING

SECTION 3 TEMPLATE AND GUIDELINES

PHRASES and CLAUSES

Phrases – groups of words that function as a part of speech.

Noun Phrase: A group of words consisting of nouns or pronouns and their modifiers that function as a noun.

All the party guests were astonished by the cool tricks that were made by the bartender.

Verb Phrase: A group of words consisting of verbs working together and that function as a verb.

After a long day at school the young teen knew she would have to be working her shifts at Starbucks.

Prepositional Phrase: A group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun, and functions as an adjective or an adverb.

The barista made a delightful drink.

Appositive Phrase: A group of words that include all the words that modify an appositive and function as an adjective - IT MUST BE SURROUNDED BY COMMAS. Carmela, a regular customer, went into the Starbucks to get her mocha.

Verbal Phrases: A group of words that begin with a verbal and ends with a noun. ● Gerund Phrase verb ending in -ing that functions as a noun.

Mixing the drinks, the customers were amused. ● Participial Phrase word ending in -ing (present participle) or -ed (past participle) that functions as an adjective.

The late night barista left the filled Starbucks. ● Infinitive Phrase verb preceded by the word “to” (to read, to study, to write) that function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs.

It's friday when many people go to Starbucks.

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CLAUSES

Clauses – groups of words with BOTH a subject and a verb that function as parts of speech. There are TWO kinds: Independent and Dependent (called “Subordinate”)

INDEPENDENT – CAN stand alone as a complete sentence, known as a simple sentence pattern.

The teen got their delicious drink from Boba Time.

DEPENDENT (SUBORDINATE) – CANNOT stand alone as a complete sentence and MUST begin with a SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTION. There are seven (7) kinds:

Noun Clause: Used as the noun in a sentence and may function as a subject, a predicate noun, a direct object, an object of a preposition, an indirect object, or an appositive. ○ Where the drink was displayed made everyone in the bar happy. ○ Respectfully gives drink to anyone that pays. ○ The customer was excited and was read by the whole room. ○ The bartender checks for the ingredients that are needed.

Adjective Clause: Used to modify a noun in an independent clause.

Some adjective clauses begin with an introductory word: ○ Starbucks is where every co ee lover likes to go. ○ The Sunset drink was what everyone needed. ○ The mocha that the customer wanted is patiently waiting.

Some adjective clauses begin with relative pronouns: ■ Sunset drink is obviously the one that is easy to make.(ONE is the antecedent of THAT and is modified by the adjective clause.)

■ There goes that normie customer who always orders the same drink. (NORMIE is the antecedent of whose and is modified by the adjective clause.)

■ Mojitos is the one drink that has a lot of mint leaves.

■ Is boba that one drink everyone wants to try? (that is the direct object of want)

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■ Niomi was the one who asked for the milk tea boba.(who is the direct object of asked.)

■ The strawberry milkshake was for the one wearing pink.(for is the object of the preposition to.)

■ The bloody mary is the one drink who Sarea wants to try. (who is the subject of shrugs.)

Adverb Clause: Used to modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs in an independent clause, introduced by a subordinate conjunction and used to indicate time, place, cause, purpose, result, condition, and/or concession.

Modifying verbs: ■ The group of friends purposely put the boba drinks where it has nice lighting for the picture. (place) ■ It was 7:30 when Tammy clock out for work.(time) ■ Rick and Trisha took a picture of their boba because they wanted to post it so everyone could see. (purpose) ■ The customer talked and showed o her drink as if she made the Blue Hawaii. (condition) Modifying adjectives: ■ Making drinks for the customer made the time go fast by the minute. (how much) ■ The sunset drink is easy to make as putting water into a cup. (to what extent) Modifying adverbs: ■ The bartender muddles the drink softer than her coworker. (condition) Relative Clauses: Dependent clause that begins with a relative pronoun. ○ To the one who drinks 4 shots without getting drunk will be honored with more drinks.

Elliptical Clauses: Adverb clauses in which part of the clause is omitted. ○ When drinking, the customer should not drive home instead drink water.

Essential Clauses: Clauses necessary to the meaning of the sentence. ○ The drink that people mostly get confused with is Blue Hawaii and blue hawaiian.

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Nonessential Clauses: Clauses that are NOT necessary to the meaning of the sentence. ○ The workers in Starbucks, mostly teens, are great and respectful baristas.

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Having A Drink BOOK OF WRITING SECTION 4 TEMPLATE AND GUIDELINES

SENTENCES

Sentence – a set of words that contains a subject and a predicate and conveys a statement, command, question, or an exclamation.

Sentence Parts

Subject – what/who the sentence is about The people waiting outside of the boba shop patiently waited in line.

Predicate – what the subject does The people waiting outside of the boba shop patiently waited in line.

Sentence Types

Declarative – a sentence that makes a statement (ends with a period mark) Drinking water has many benefits like to stay hydrated.

Imperative – a sentence that makes a command (ends with a period mark) Drink water to stay hydrated.

Interrogative – a sentence that asks a question (ends with a question mark) Why do we need to drink water?

Exclamatory – a sentence that expresses great emotion, passion, excitement (ends with an exclamation mark) Drinking water is beneficial!

Sentence Patterns

Simple Sentence: A sentence that is just one independent clause.

Most people who go into a boba shop get their drink with boba.

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Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses, but no dependent clauses - connected by FANBOYS (coordinating conjunctions) or a semicolon (;).

Making smoothies takes up so much time, but it's healthy to drink.

Complex Sentence: A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

When making a decision to pick between coke or a smoothie, a smoothie tends to be healthier.

Complex-Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.

When choosing a healthy drink between coke or a smoothie to be healthy, smoothie is the healthier choice, but coke is tempting.

Loose Sentence: A sentence that contains an independent clause plus a subordinate construction (either a clause or phrase) with your main point at the beginning.

Orange juice is better than apple juice, no matter what time in day orange juice is the go to drink.

Periodic Sentence: A sentence in which the independent clause is given at the end of the sentence in order to create interest or generate suspense with the main point coming at the end.

No matter what time of day it is orange juice is the to go drink, orange juice is better than apple juice.

Parallel Structure: A sentence using the same pattern of two or more verbs or ideas that match in tense or structure to show that they are of equal importance and to help the reader comprehend what is being written - this sentence requires symmetry.

Bartenders tend to make drinks, listen to customer problems, and have a good time at their job.

Balanced Sentence: A sentence where phrases or clauses at the beginning and the end parallel each other by virtue of their likeness of structure, meaning, or length - this sentence requires symmetry.

Bartenders spend their nights starting from liquor and make it into a wonderful drink.

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Chiasmus: A sentence that includes a repetition of ideas (words, phrases, or clauses) in inverted (reversed) order - this sentence requires symmetry.

Bartenders are who make the customer happy and without that happiness from the customer the pub would be empty.

Asyndeton: A sentence that leaves out conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose.

Starbucks baristas are typically teenagers, co ee lovers, the people with a good smile, people who know how to have fun.

Polysyndeton: A sentence that uses multiple conjunctions in close proximity to each other between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose.

Starbucks baristas typically areteenagers and co ee lovers and have good smiles, and lastly, know how to have fun.

Anaphora: A sentence that features the purposeful repetition of a word, words, or a phrase at the beginning of several successive clauses in order to place emphasis and draw attention.

For most people, the sunset drink is the first thing they had tried, while for others it's a fun little classic drink, but could agree that they could drink it over and over.

Epistrophe: A sentence featuring several phrases or clauses ending with the same word or words.

Some people like the boba in their drinks, others don’t like boba in their drink, some just like to drink other drinks.

Sentence Errors

Run-On/Rambling/Fused Sentence – a sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are connected incorrectly without punctuation.T The boba drinker loves to have all of their drinks with boba; they tend to enjoy other cultures' drinks. [WRONG] The boba drinker loves to have all their drink with boba BECAUSE they tend to love other cultures drinks. [RIGHT]

Comma Splice – a sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are connected incorrectly using commas 25

The term soda has di erent sayings in other states, some say it as pop, while others say coke. [WRONG] The term soda has di erent sayings in other states; some say it as pop while others say coke. [RIGHT]

Fragment – incomplete sentence pieces that are not connected to or do not form an independent clause Because volaka became an addiction in Russia. [WRONG] Because volaka became an addiction in Russia, black tea was the other option many drink but some still add volaka to it. [RIGHT]

Misplaced/Dangling Modifiers – modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that add description; a misplaced modifier describes the wrong part of a sentence and a dangling modifier is missing the part it’s supposed to modify At a taco stand horchata and jamaica are the two drink that have people trouble choosing.[WRONG] At a taco stand horchata and jamaica are usually the two drinks people mostly have trouble choosing between. [RIGHT]

Double Negative – combining two or more negative words in a sentence in a way that is supposed to produce a positive force The customer at the pub knew that having one more drink would get them wasted. [WRONG] The customer at the pub knew having one more drink would have them wasted. [RIGHT]

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Having A Drink BOOK OF WRITING SECTION 5 TEMPLATE AND GUIDELINES

PARAGRAPHS

Paragraphs – a group of sentences that together convey a shared purpose structured around the same topic.

Introductory Paragraphs (Introductions) Hook (Lead) – can begin with the title Anecdotal (Brief story to set the mood and lead the reader into the topic) Life is full of disappointment, happiness, and hardship. During the times when people feel down they tend to dwell on their problems.

Instead of focusing on happiness they focus on the negative, this could go get passed down to their children teaching them how to deal with their problems. There are ways to improve the quality of life. It takes time to make changes to make life better, everyone wants a try at it.

Query Based (Question that brings the reader to the topic - avoid second person POV “you”) Are there really steps to make the quality of life much better?

Thesis Statements (the purpose of a piece of writing – usually one sentence in length, but can be longer depending on the purpose – must be something that is arguable)

Assertion (claim - a subject + a “so what” about the subject) Life is hard, everyone has their fair share of it and it is no good to dwell on it.

Fact (empirically verifiable but often di cult to argue extensively about - better used as evidence to support a claim) Learn from the problems that one is facing so that individuals could grow.

Opinion (personal position on a topic) Learning from the problem is easy.

Belief (social, religious, or political in nature – an opinion held by many to be a fact, though it is not necessarily factual – often involves a judgement)

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Going through the life obstacle helps the individual grow spiritually and mentially.

Generalization (uses absolute or statistical pronouns: all, always, every, never,

none, most, half – avoid using this type of thesis statement unless citing the source of the data) Most people avoid the problem to skip the pain they are facing.

Document Based (cites a specific source, author, and position on a topic) In The Road Less Traveled, M.Scott Peck, M.D claims that when being faced with a problem in life the best thing they can do is to face it and not avoid it for they would learn from it and carry that knowledge.

Theory (a statement that can be tested and potentially proven - often answers a research question) Avoiding the problem can lead to mental illness to an extent.

Clarification/Expansion of Thesis (could extend the thesis, preview the evidence supporting the thesis, give the purpose of thesis, establish the importance or significance of examining the intricacies of the thesis – this could be several sentences long) The author expresses this by noting how most people who are doing unhealthy coping m mechanisms to ignore the problem causing their mental health to degrade.

This demonstrates how the author acknowledges how people face their problems and is . proposing solutions to help to get out of the cycle of avoiding the problem.

This information proposes to get through the problems in life and to face them and not m. to avoid them because it would degrade mental health. It is necessary to have problems . in life so the individuals are able to grow from it a step towards happiness.

Body Paragraphs (must have echoes of the thesis in each AND present evidence to support or expand on the thesis) Topic Sentences (must specifically indicate the topic of the paragraph and focus on one subject and/or area of evidence or support – could start with a “Transition of Logic” that connects to the previous paragraph to give context) Furthermore, to improve life is to face the problem and not run away from it. (Now every sentence in this paragraph

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must be related to the connection between fast food and health) Presenting Evidence from Quotations (quotes should NEVER be used as individual sentences – quotes should be embedded within sentences) Original Quote - “ Problems are the cutting edge that distinguishes between success and failure” (Peck 1).

Ex. Peck claims, “Problems are the cutting edge that distinguishes between success and failure” (Peck 1).

Ex. “Problems are the cutting edge that distinguishes between success and failure” claims Peck (Peck 1).

Ex. Fortunately for optimists, “Problems are the cutting edge that distinguishes between success and failure” (Peck 1).

Ex. Fortunately for optimists, “ Problems are the [perfect] cutting edge that distinguishes between success and failure” (Peck 1).

Ex. Fortunately for optimists, “Problems...distinguish… success and failure” (Peck 1).

Examining the Evidence Paraphrasing (rewording of a quote into other words of the same length without quotation marks, but still citing the source - useful for examining the quote and transitioning to your analysis of the quote) Original Quote - “ Problems are the cutting edge that distinguishes between success and failure” (Peck 1).

Ex. PARAPHRASE – Problems can help whether the person desicon be successful or fail (Peck1) Summarizing (condensing larger quotes or sections - useful for closing the examination of the quote/evidence and transitioning to your analysis of the quote) Original Quote - “ Problems are the cutting edge that distinguishes between success and failure” (Peck 1).

Ex. SUMMARY – Problems decide success and failure.

Abstract Examples (hypothetical, “what if” examples that do not refer to a source – AVOID USING THEM AS EVIDENCE – but useful for examining the quote) Ex. Some might learn from their problems and grow mentally.

Concrete Examples (actual examples that do refer to a source – useful for enhancing your analysis of the quote) Ex. An article from the CDC the Well-Being Concepts explains that people who have high levels of well-being 29

tend to be more productive at work and most likely to contribute to communities.

Closing Sentences (must end the discussion of the topic within the paragraph with a transitional or culminating word – possibly an adverb – and should echo the thesis of the essay) Ex. Clearly, this intell how people who have a high level of well-being are more ready, prepared to do anything that life throws at them.

Closing Paragraphs (Conclusions – should not be mere summaries of the previous paragraphs of your essay) Consequences of Disregarding the Thesis (establishing the potential consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis – CREATING A COUNTERARGUMENT – could be one or more sentences) Ex. If people truly wish to be happy then avoiding the problem is a solution so they won’t feel any dread of regrets; or any sadness to their mental health.

Statement(s) of Extension (extending the consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis – could be one or more sentences) Ex. As the person keeps avoiding their problem their mental state will decrease, the individual would never learn how to grow past their problem creating a cycle of adovence.

Reestablishing the Significance of the Thesis (could be one or more sentences) Ex. Thus, life is full of problems and when the individual chooses to avoid it - it causes more problems than resolves.

Final Sentence (connects to the hook and finishes the essay (finish your argument) – the “ Smoky the Bear”/”Drop the mic”/dot dot dot moment…)

Ex. Life is a game, make a move...

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Have A Drink BOOK OF WRITING SECTION 6 TEMPLATE AND GUIDELINES

ESSAYS

Essays – Explain what an essay is (I know, this is where I usually explain it to you but now that you have made it to the end of this project, it’s your turn)

Types – Explain each type of essay and state its purpose Persuasive (Argumentative) - argumentative essay purpose is to convince the reader why the author claims are right Expository (Informative) Definition or Description - explain, expose something to the reader Process (How-to) - not a personal opinion or experience, don’t write “I” or “you”, provide information of the topic Compare and Contrast - pointing out similarities and/or di erences between things Cause and E ect - explains the causes or reason for an event Analytical/Critical Evaluative - o ers judgments of a certain subject according to the author Interpretive - analysis the piece of writing by another author work Narrative (Tells a story) Personal Statement/Anecdote - focuses on experiends, ideas, beliefs etc Research - an academic writing that has analysis, interpretation and argument base on the research Timed Document Based Question (DBQ) - question on history it will asked to analyze some historical issue or trend with aid from sources within the document Synthesis - identify the thesis surrounding from di erent several sources

Strategies/Planning Tips/Steps – Explain how to plan and organize essays and how to analyze and break down prompts.

Pre-writing/Prompt Analysis/Outlining - a list of ideas of what the topic to write, then pick the topic to write about, list what to write for the topic

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Researching/Evaluating of Sources -this should support the topic this is being written, find a reliable source talking about facts not opinion, write down the source that have been acquire to get the information for the topic that is being written

Work Cited Page – Explain and give an example of how to set up a works cited entry in both MLA and APA formats - there are subtle di erences between each format, so be sure to identify them clearly.

MLA Format

Works Cited “Well-Being Concepts.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 31 Oct. 2018, www.cdc.gov/hrqol/wellbeing.htm.

APA Format

References Well-Being Concepts. (2018, October 31). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/hrqol/wellbeing.htmmol

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