Enviroment I

Sherburne Residence 187 Falmouth Road 路 Windham 路 Maine

N

A A.1 A.2, A.3 A.4 A.5 A.6 B B.1 B.2 B.3 B.4 B.5 B.6 B.6 B.6 B.6 C C.1 C.2, C.3 C.4

Sherburne Residence

Site Analysis Site Plan Water and Climate Summer Sun and Wind Winter Sun and Wind Perspective Renderings House Redesign Programming Table Redesign: Basement Redesign: First Floor Redesign: Second Floor Redesign: Exterior Summer Wind Redesign Winter Wind Redesign Perspective Redesign Solar WIndow Heating Calculations Heated Spaces Detailed Sections Healoss Calculations

187 Falmouth Road 路 Windham 路 Maine

Table of Contents

N

Sherburne Residence

Energy Calculations D Energy Usages D.1, D.2, D.3 Total Usage D.4 Price Comparisons D.5 Family Energy Use D.6 Sample Bills D.7, D.8 Retorfit Measures D.9 Retrofit Measures E Retrofit Suggestions E.1, E.2, E.3, E.4, E.5, E.6, E.7, E.8, E.9 Revised Energy Tables with Retrofits E.10, E.11, E.12, E.13, E.14, E.15, E.16 Solar Design F Sun Tempering F.1 South Facade with Tempering Suggestions F.2 Passive Solar Heating and Solar Mass Calculations F.3 Window Night Insulation F.4

187 Falmouth Road 路 Windham 路 Maine

Table of Contents (cont.)

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A Sherburne Residence

187 Falmouth Road 路 Windham 路 Maine

Section A

This house is located in Windham, ME. The first part of this report details the exisitng conditions of the site

N

A.1

1” = 17’

Bathroom

N Living Room

Sherburne Residence Site Plan

187 Falmouth Road · Windham · Maine

Kitchen Dining Room

Bedroom

N Deciduous Trees: Sugar Maple and White Oak Heights from 60’ to 90’ tall

Coniferous Trees: Eastern White Pine Heights from 70’ to 100’

A.2

1” = 17’

Bathroom

N Living Room

Sherburne Residence Water and Climate

187 Falmouth Road · Windham · Maine

Kitchen Dining Room

Bedroom

Climate Design Priorities 1. Orient roof to protect from winter winds.

2. Rearrange interior spaces to block harsh external conditions.

3. Create openings on the southern facade to collect winter light and summer wind.

4. Create shading systems to block high summer sun and allow low winter sun.

5. Move outdoor space to the south and west sides of the building and provide a shading system.

6. Create more openings on the second level to collect winter sun.

N

A.3

1” = 17’

Bathroom

N Living Room

Sherburne Residence Water and Climate (cont.)

187 Falmouth Road · Windham · Maine

Kitchen Dining Room

Bedroom

Advantages -Primary indoor and outdoor spaces recieve sun late in the day throughout the year -Site very open to summer sun throughout most of the day -Vegetation helps to block a lot of the winter wind -Vegetation helps to shade the outdoor space during the summer afternoon Disadvantages -Roof orientation not in the optimum direction to block winter winds -Not enough windows on the southern facade to recieve adequate passive solar heating and cross ventialtion -Southern vegetation blocks almost all winter sun.

N

A.4

1” = 17’

Bathroom

N Living Room

Sherburne Residence Summer Sun and Wind

187 Falmouth Road · Windham · Maine

Kitchen Dining Room

Bedroom

During the summer the primary indoor and outdoor spaces recieve a lot of passive solar heating after noon. The summer winds make the outdoor space more comfortable, but the lack of windows on the south facade make the interior spaces too hot due to the lack of crossventilation. The kitchen recieves almost no light except for the very early morning and the very late afternoon. The bedrooms are all on the east side of the house, but all but one have no eastern windows to recieve the morning light.

N

A.5

1” = 17’

Bathroom

N Living Room

Sherburne Residence Winter Sun and Wind

187 Falmouth Road · Windham · Maine

Kitchen Dining Room

Bedroom

During the winter the site is always atleast partially in shade. The low sun angles make it so that many windows on the lower levels are useless when it comes to passive solar heating. The positioning of the internal spaces makes it so that many of the primary spaces are exposed to the cold winter winds, while recieving minimal passive solar heating from the winter sun. The form of the house, a saltbox, is not oriented in the optimum direction in order protect the internal spaces from the wind.

N

A.6

North and West Facades

Sherburne Residence Perspective Drawing

187 Falmouth Road 路 Windham 路 Maine

Kitchen Dining Room

Bathroom

Living Room

Strengths -Good late day sun exposure through windows -Bedroom recieves good early morning sun

Weaknesses -Overhang shades the kitchen from all but low-angle sun.

-Northern deck recieves minimal sun all year long.

-Deck blocks all sun from basement level windows

Bedroom

N

B Sherburne Residence

187 Falmouth Road 路 Windham 路 Maine

Section B

This section analyzes the previous information and determines major design changes needed to increase sustainability.

N

B.1

South and East Facades

Sherburne Residence Perspective Drawing

187 Falmouth Road 路 Windham 路 Maine

Kitchen Dining Room

Bathroom

Living Room

Strengths - Southern windows let light into all the floors - Windows on second floor allow for good ventialtion Weaknesses - Lower level has poor ventilation - East facade does not have many windows into primary spaces

Bedroom

N

B.2

1

2

Sq. Foot Range

Type of Space

Basement

775 ft²

Support

Kitchen

91 ft²

Dining Room

5

4

1

Time of Use

MET

CLO

Internal Gains

6pm-10pm

2

1

Washer Dryer

Westward views to woods

Support

7am-9am 4pm-6pm

2

1

Kitchen Appliances

Northern view over hillside Some northern light

92 ft²

Living

7am-9pm 4pm-6pm

2

1

None

Living Room

128 ft²

Living

4pm-12pm

1

1

None

Bedroom

105 ft²

Living

10pm-10-am

.9

.75

None

Bathroom

50.5 ft²

Support

All day

1

1

Shower

First Floor Circulation

48 ft²

Circulation

All day

2

1

None

Second Floor Circulation

48 ft²

Circulation

All day

2

1

None

Master Bedroom

218.5 ft²

Living

10pm-10am

.9

.75

None

Bedroom

167 ft²

Living

10pm-10am

.9

.75

None

Half Bathroom

78.5 ft²

Support

8pm-10pm

1

1

Shower

Environmental Interests

Preferred Orientation(s)

Space Priority

SW, W, NW

9

NE, E, SE, SW, W

6

Westward views to woods Late day light Skylight during midday Westward views to woods Late day light Skylight during midday Early morning light East and south views

NE, E, SE, SW, W

2

SE, S, SW, W, NW

1

NE, E, SE

5

Early morning light View to eastern woods

NE, NW

7

None

W, NW, N

10

None

W, NW, N

11

Northern morning and evening light North views into woods Midday south light Southern views into woods

NE, E, SE

3

NE, E, SE

4

None

W, NW, N

8

Individual Spaces

Space Title

3

Sherburne Residence Environmental Priorities

6

187 Falmouth Road · Windham · Maine

2

N

B.3

1” = 17’

Strengths - Good winter afternoon light Weaknesses -Poor light with high sun elevations due to outdoor deck -Poor cross ventilation Changes -More windows added to create better passive solar heating and cross ventilation -Deck moved to open up solar exposure to windows -Stairs moved to block cold winds

Sherburne Residence Basement Redesign

187 Falmouth Road · Windham · Maine

Basement/ Laundry Room

N

B.4

Bedroom

X

Bathroom

Solar Window

Strengths - Good afternoon sun exposure - Good outdoor winds during the summer Weaknesses -Poor lighting in most spaces most of the time -Spaces poorly arranged to block unfavorable winter conditions Changes - Communal spaces given more windows, especially southern, to recieve more late day light -Structure rotated to optimize saltbox roof structure -Deck rotated to capitalize on sun and wind patterns -Interior spaces rearranged to block harsh winter wind.

1” = 17’

Kitchen

Living Room

Sherburne Residence First Floor Redesign

187 Falmouth Road · Windham · Maine

Dining Room

N

B.5

Bedroom

Strengths -Afternoon light exposure fairly well captured Weaknesses -Roof pointing the wrong way to block winter winds -Master bedroom recieves full brunt of winter wind -No eastern windows in bedrooms Changes -Interior spaces reaaranged to block winter wind -Structure rotated to block winter wind -Eastern windows placed in both bedrooms to capture morning light -More windows placed to capture the low angle winter light

1” = 17’

Master Bedroom

Sherburne Residence Second Floor Redesign

187 Falmouth Road · Windham · Maine

Half Bathroom

N

B.6

Sherburne Residence Summer Wind Redesign

Bathroom Bedroom

1” = 17’

Kitchen Living Room

187 Falmouth Road · Windham · Maine

Dining Room

N

B.7

Sherburne Residence Winter Wind Redesign

Bedroom

Bathroom

North and West Facades

Kitchen Living Room

187 Falmouth Road 路 Windham 路 Maine

Dining Room

N

B.8 Sherburne Residence

187 Falmouth Road 路 Windham 路 Maine

Bedroom

Changes -Deck moved to south and eastern sides to recieve more summer sun and wind.

-Overhangs added to windows to block high summer sun, but allow low winter sun -More openings on the second story to recieve more winter sun -Rotating of the house to optimizes the saltbox roof structure -Creation of eastern windows in bedrooms to capture morning light.

Bathroom

Perspective Redesign

Kitchen

Living Room

South and East Facades

Dining Room

N

B.9

43掳 North

Sherburne Residence Solar Window

187 Falmouth Road 路 Windham 路 Maine

Solar Window This solar window is taken from the deck of the redesign plan. As one can see, the majority of the sun path is blocked by trees. These trees are deciduous, so during the summer, they would provide much wanted shade, and during the winter they would allow for sun to reach the building.

N

C Sherburne Residence

187 Falmouth Road 路 Windham 路 Maine

Section C

This section analyzes the house through section it cuts of the wall. It examines their RValue. The final table analyzes the heat loss due to inefficiencies.

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C.1

Basement/ Laundry Room

2 W

Living Room

Bedroom

1 W

1”=17’

Sherburne Residence Heated Spaces

Bathroom

187 Falmouth Road · Windham · Maine

Kitchen Dining Room

1 W

Master Bedroom

Half Bathroom

Bedroom

N

1 R 1 W 2 W 1 F

C.2

Asphalt Shingles R = .44 Roofing Felt R = .20 1/2” Plywood R = .77 6” Rigid Fiberglass Insulation R = 17.5 1/2” Sheetrock R = .45

1”=8”

Sherburne Residence Roof Section

Exterior Air Film R = .17

187 Falmouth Road · Windham · Maine

1 R

Interior Air Film R = .68 Total R = 20.21 U Value = .049

Floor Section

1”=8”

1 F

N

C.3

1” Channel Rustic Siding (Hollow Backed) R = .61 1/2” Plywood R = .77 6” Rigid Fiberglass Insulation R = 17.5 1/2” Sheetrock R = .45 Interior Air Film R = .68

1”=8”

Sherburne Residence Wall Section

Exterior Air Film R = .17

187 Falmouth Road · Windham · Maine

1 W

Total R = 20.18 U Value = .050

8” Concrete R = 1.11 Interior Air Film R = .68

Total R = 1.96 U Value = .510

2 W

Wall Section

1”=8”

Exterior Earth (Depth from 0’ - 8’

N

C.4

U-value

tota l area

Heat los s C oefficient

B tu/hrft2 °F

ft2

UA=B tu/hr°F

W ALLS

W INDOW S

.05

778

38.9

2W

.51

430

219.3

Single Glazed Windows

1.00

189

189

Entry

.33

17.5

5.775

.27

98

27.44

.05

1156

57.8

DOOR S R OOF S

Double Glazed Glass Door 1R

F LOOR S

(above grade, over vented crawl s paces U, over unheated s paces 1/2U)

F LOOR

s lab on grade

F -value

1F

perimeter ft.

58

.81

B E LOW G R ADE F LO OR S

ft2

modified U

1F

416

.0260

B E LOW G R ADE W ALLS

tota l F

2W

46.98

10.861

perimeter ft.

.51

29.58

58

INF ILT R AT ION (heated volume of the building x number of air changes x the hea t ca pacity of air .018 B tu ft3 °F

Heated Spaces

1W

Sherburne Residence Heat Loss Calculation

detail #

187 Falmouth Road · Windham · Maine

T A B L E A : P E A K A ND A NNUA L L OA DS S IMP LIF IE D C ALC ULAT ION OF B UILDING HE AT LOS S C OE F F IC IE NT S

#A.C . x .018 x volume cu.ft. = heat los s coefficient 1.2 19,136 413.3376 _____ x .018 ___ x __________ = _________________ 1038.9736

T OT A L HE A T L O S S C O E F F IC IE NT (tota l UA ) B tu/hr°F HE AT L OS S S O UR C E

HE AT L OS S B tu/hr/°F 287.78 ....................................

27.69 Walls

39.78 Windows

189 ....................................

Doors Ceilings Floors Infiltration Loses

18.19 5.56 5.56

100% % 27.69 ......................................

18.19 ......................................

33.215 ....................................

3.19 ......................................

57.8 ....................................

5.56 ......................................

57.841 ....................................

5.56 ......................................

413.338 ....................................

39.78 ......................................

3.19

PE AK HE AT L OS S

= tota l U A

x T (des ign indoor°F - des ign outdoor°F )

43,221.3018 ____________

1038.9736 = ______

65-23.4 x ___________________________

A NNUA L H E A T L O S S

= tota l U A

x 24hrs

x annual degree days

176018751.4176 ______________

= ______ 1038.9736

x 24 _____

x 7059 _____________

A NNUA L B U IL DING E NE R G Y P E R F OR MA NC E B T U/s q.ft/y ear

70520.3331 __________________________

N

D Sherburne Residence

187 Falmouth Road 路 Windham 路 Maine

Section D

This section details the energy usage of each of the various parts of the house, and sums it up with a series of charts showing energy comparisons.

N

D.1

Total House UA (BTU/HR ÝF)

24 hours

1038.9736

Month Bldg. Load HDD/ MO Coeff

HTG LOAD (MMBTU)

24935

24 $/ SYS System Demand (MMBTU/EFF %) MMBTU EFF (%)

Total Heating Cost ($)

24935

765

19.07

72%

26.49

9.62

254.83

Feb

24935

605

15.08

72%

20.94

9.62

201.44

Mar

24935

536

13.36

72%

18.55

9.62

178.45

Apr

24935

400

9.97

72%

13.85

9.62

133.23

May

24935

243

6.06

72%

8.42

9.62

81.00

Jun

24935

96

2.39

72%

3.32

9.62

31.93

Jul

24935

21

.52

72%

.72

9.62

6.93

Aug

24935

21

.52

72%

.72

9.62

6.93

Sep

24935

78

1.94

72%

2.69

9.62

25.88

Oct

24935

319

7.95

72%

11.04

9.62

106.20

Nov

24935

560

13.96

72%

19.38

9.62

186.43

Dec

24935

756

18.85

72%

26.18

9.62

251.85

Heating - Wood

Jan

Sherburne Residence Energy Usage

Building Load Coefficient

187 Falmouth Road · Windham · Maine

Heating-Wood

N

D.2

DHW Load (MMBTU)

$/ Total Cooling $/ Total DHW DEM FACTOR CDD/ Cooling System (KwH/CDD) ($) MMBTU Cost ($) MO Demand (KwH) KwH

2.64

15.4

40.66

0

0

0

0

0

Feb

2.64

15.4

40.66

0

0

0

0

0

Mar

2.64

15.4

40.66

0

0

0

0

0

Apr

2.64

15.4

40.66

0

0

0

0

0

May

2.64

15.4

40.66

0

0

0

0

0

Jun

2.64

15.4

40.66

0

3

0

0

0

Jul

2.64

15.4

40.66

0

114

0

0

0

Aug

2.64

15.4

40.66

0

71

0

0

0

Sep

2.64

15.4

40.66

0

8

0

0

0

Oct

2.64

15.4

40.66

0

0

0

0

0

Nov

2.64

15.4

40.66

0

0

0

0

0

Dec

2.64

15.4

40.66

0

0

0

0

0

DHW - Gas/Cooling - None

Jan

Sherburne Residence Energy Usage

Month

187 Falmouth Road 路 Windham 路 Maine

Dom. Hot Water Cooling- None

N

D.3

KWH/Mo 176.4 8.4

$ Lighting

10.55 .50

Total 2217.6 KWH/YR

Appliances-Gas Appliance Oven Grill

Quantity 1 1

Avg. Btu/Hr 14325 35000

Avg. Hrs/Mo MMBTU/Mo 140 2.00 10 .35

Total 28.2 MMBTU/YR

Appliance Quantity Avg. Wattage Avg. Hrs/Mo 185 1 Refrig./Frzr.

1050 1 8 1300 Microwave 3 Toaster 1 9000 1 10 1200 Coffeemaker 110 Television 1 160 1 25 35 DVD Player 10 Iron 1 1000 1 2 300 Blender 15 Radio 1 60 1 30 220 Computer 45 Portable Fan 2 230 1 9 700 Vacuum 10 Washer 1 625 1 10 720 Dryer

KWH/Mo 194.25 10.4 27 12 17.6 .88 10 .6 .9 6.6 10.35 6.3 6.25 7.2

Total

3723.96 KWH/YR

Lighting - Electric/Appliances - Gas,Electric

Appliances-Electric

Sherburne Residence Energy Usage

Lights Quantity Avg. Wattage Avg. Hrs/Mo 140 Incandescent 21 60 7 15 80 Flourescent

187 Falmouth Road 路 Windham 路 Maine

Lighting

N

D.4

$ DHW

Est. Total $ Gas

$ Heating

Jan

62.46

40.66

103.12

254.83

Feb

62.46

40.66

103.12

201.44

201.44

16.19

11.14

27.33

Mar

62.46

40.66

103.12

178.45

178.45

16.19

11.14

27.33

Apr

62.46

40.66

103.12

133.23

133.23

16.19

11.14

27.33

May

62.46

40.66

103.12

81.00

81.00

16.19

11.14

27.33

Jun

62.46

40.66

103.12

31.93

31.93

16.19

11.14

27.33

Jul

62.46

40.66

103.12

6.93

6.93

16.19

11.14

27.33

Aug

62.46

40.66

103.12

6.93

6.93

16.19

11.14

27.33

Sep

62.46

40.66

103.12

25.88

25.88

16.19

11.14

27.33

Oct

62.46

40.66

103.12

106.20

106.20

16.19

11.14

27.33

Nov

62.46

40.66

103.12

186.43

186.43

16.19

11.14

27.33

Dec

62.46

40.66

103.12

251.85

251.85

16.19

11.14

27.33

$ Est. Total $ Electric Est. Total $ Wood Appliances Lighting $ Elec 254.83 16.19 27.33 11.14

Sherburne Residence Total Energy Usages

$ Gas Appliances

Wood, Gas, Electric

Month

187 Falmouth Road 路 Windham 路 Maine

Total Usages

N

D.5

Actual Gas Total

Est. Wood Total

Actual Wood Total

Jan

103.12

115.85

254.83

-

27.33

34.12

Feb

103.12

116.32

201.44

-

27.33

29.97

Mar

103.12

110.45

178.45

-

27.33

29.96

Apr

103.12

109.66

133.23

-

27.33

29.15

May

103.12

112.34

81.00

-

27.33

26.95

Jun

103.12

98.53

31.93

655.00

27.33

31.36

Jul

103.12

115.34

6.93

-

27.33

31.58

Aug

103.12

120.78

6.93

-

27.33

30.59

Sep

103.12

84.55

25.88

-

27.33

31.58

Oct

103.12

99.12

106.20

-

27.33

31.36

Nov

103.12

110.78

186.43

-

27.33

Dec

103.12

129.34

251.85

-

27.33

26.74 27.44

Total

1237.44

1323.06

1465.10

655.00

327.96

360.80

Reason For Price Discrepancy Wood- Wood is only partially bought, some is collected manually by home owner. Wood is also used more sparingly and not as frequently Gas- Gas is used less frequently than calculated (shorter showers, only using a few burners on grills, etc.)

Electric- Some appliances are left plugged, drawing energy when not in use (Computer, TV, Stereo etc.)

Estimated vs. Actual

Ests. Gas Total

Sherburne Residence Energy Cost Comparison

Est. Electric Actual Total Electric Total

Month

187 Falmouth Road 路 Windham 路 Maine

Price Comparisons

N

D.6 Heating Load

Percent

Source

Electric Load

Percent

Water

31.68 MMBTU

53.1%

App.

2724.96 KWH

55.13%

App.

28.20 MMBTU

46.9%

Light

2217.60 KWH

44.86%

Source Walls Window Doors

Load MMBTU 287.78 MMBTU 189 MmBTU 33.22 MMBTU

Total Energy Dist.

Percent

Source

27.69%

Heating

109.67 MMBTU

40.41%

18.19% 3.19%

DHW Lighting

31.68 MMBTU

11.67% 2.79%

App.

37.5 MMBTU

Cars

84.96 MMBTU

Ceiling Floor

57.8 MMBTU 57.84 MMBTU

5.56% 5.56%

Infil.

413.34 MMBTU

39.78%

Load MMBTu

7.57 MMBTU

Percent

13.82% 31.31%

Energy Distribution

Heating Load Dist.

Sherburne Residence Family Energy Use

Source

Total Usages - Electric

187 Falmouth Road 路 Windham 路 Maine

Total Usages - Gas

N

D.7

Sherburne Residence 187 Falmouth Road 路 Windham 路 Maine

N

D.8 Sherburne Residence

187 Falmouth Road 路 Windham 路 Maine

Note: Tables reflect an average of cost values, over a period of 5 years.

N

D.9 2. Purchase Power Strips to Lower Standby Power To lower electric costs of objects not in use

3. Replace Current Lightbulbs with CFLS To raise lifespan and efficiency of lighting

4. Cellular Shading Reduce heat loss through windows

5. Purchase a Higher Efficiency Water Heater To lower gas costs

To lower heat loss through walls

7. Purchase a Higher Efficiency Stove Allows for less wood use

8. Purchase a Higher Efficiency Refridgerator To lower electric costs

To Lower Energy Costs

6. Better Insulation on Walls

Sherburne Residence Retrofit Measures

To lower infiltration heating cost

187 Falmouth Road 路 Windham 路 Maine

1. Caulking and Weather Stripping

N

E Sherburne Residence

187 Falmouth Road · Windham · Maine

Section E

This section gives eight retrofit options to imporve the house’s energy use. These include a variety of strategies from appliance updates to home improvement

N

E.1

8 inoperable windows, 4 tubes of caulk

Retrofits

Caulking is an efficient method to allow a homeowner to reduce infiltration. In combination with weatherstripping, air exchange can be reduced by 20%.

One tube of caulking can seal two windows, which means a total of four tubes for the inoperable windows within the house. The product can be installed by the homeowner, because of previous home renovation experience.

Caulking’

$15.96

Sherburne Residence

3.99 per tube, One tube per two windows

187 Falmouth Road · Windham · Maine

Liquid Nails All-Purpose Caulk, 6oz

N Original: 1.2 x .018 x 19,136 = 413.3376 BTU/hr F New: .96 x .018 x 19,136 = 330.6701 BTU/hr F Difference: 413.3376 - 330.6701 = 82.6675 BTU/hr F 82.6675 BTU/hr F x 24 hr x 7059 HDD= 14.01 MMBTU Energy Cost Savings: 9.62 $/MMBTU x 14.01 MMBTU= $134.77 per year Payback: 15.96/134.77= .12 year payback

E.2 Sherburne Residence

$5 per unit. 1 door per unit, 2 windows per unit

187 Falmouth Road · Windham · Maine

M-D Products 63628 17’ White Extreme Temperature D-Profile Weather Strip

4 doors, 6 windows, 7 units required

Retrofits

Weatherstripping

Weatherstripping is an efficient method to allow a homeowner to reduce infiltration. In combination with caulking, air exchange can be reduced by 20%.

One unit of weatherstripping can seal two windows or one door, which means a total of seven units for the operable windows and doors within the house. The product can be installed by the homeowner, because of previous home renovation experience.

N Original: 1.2 x .018 x 19,136 = 413.3376 BTU/hr F New: .96 x .018 x 19,136 = 330.6701 BTU/hr F Difference: 413.3376 - 330.6701 = 82.6675 BTU/hr F 82.6675 BTU/hr F x 24 hr x 7059 HDD= 14.01 MMBTU Energy Cost Savings: 9.62 $/MMBTU x 14.01 MMBTU= $134.77 per year Payback: 15.96/134.77= .12 year payback

E.3

21 bulbs to replace, $6 per bulb $126 total Self-Installed

CFLs

Sherburne Residence Retrofits

13W Bulbs

187 Falmouth Road 路 Windham 路 Maine

13W T2 Twister Soft White

CFLs use about 75 percent less energy than regular lightbulbs. They also typically last about 6 months longer. Typically they save about 6 dollars a year, and 40 dollars over thier life time. They also produce significantly less heat, making them safer to operate, and reducing cooling costs.

N

Original: 2116 kWh per year New: 458.64 kWh per year Difference: 2116 kWh - 458.64 kWh = 1657.36 kWh per year Energy Cost Savings: 1657.36 kWh x .059819 $/kWh = $99.14 Payback: 126/99.14 = 1.27 year payback

E.4

Self-installed Controlling electricty usage with a power strip will help reduce passive energy use within a household by approximately 100 dollars per year. With the concentration of electronics within the house, three powerstrips would be all that would be needed to control all toggled appliances.

Powerstrips’

$44.64

Sherburne Residence Retrofits

$14.88 per unit 3 required to control majority of appliances

187 Falmouth Road · Windham · Maine

Kensington 50688 6 Outlets Power Strip

N

Original: $194.28 New: $94.28 Energy Cost Savings: $194.28 - $94.28 = $100 Payback: 44.64/100 = .4464 year payback

E.5

Approximate R value of 5

Night insulation of speciifc windows is a terrific way to reduce heating costs. Some of the large windows in the main spaces such as the lving and dining room allows a lot of heat to escape the house, and adding an R 5 barrier will drastically improve the quality of the spaces.

Compared to the cost of installing high-quality windows and considering their ease of installment, they are clearly the superior option for reduicng heat loss through the windows.

Night Insulation

Self-installed

Sherburne Residence Retrofits

$89.76 per window, 10 windows $897.60 total

187 Falmouth Road · Windham · Maine

Comfortex 3/8’ Double Cell Light Filtering Cellular Shades

N

Original: 216.44 UA Total x 24 = 5194.56 New: 42.76 UA Total x 24 = 1026.24 Difference: (old) (5194.56 x 7059/.72) x 9.62 $/MMBTU = $489.93 (new) (1026.24 x 7059/.72) x 9.62 $/MMBTU = $96.79 Energy Cost Savings: $489.93 - $96.79 = $393.14 per year Payback: 897.60/393.14 = 2.28 year payback

E.6

A tankless water heater reduces the cost of hot water heating by almost 50% automatically. By removing the need to have a standing supply of hot water, the cost to keep unused water warm is drastically reduced. This specific model has the ability ot heat enough water to keep two showers running simultaneously, which is more than enough for the household.

Water Heater

$1056.99

Sherburne Residence Retrofits

ENERGY STAR-qualified

187 Falmouth Road 路 Windham 路 Maine

AquaStar AquaStar 2400ES-NG Natural Gas Tankless Water Heater

N

Original: 31.68 MMBTU New: 14.26 MMBTU Difference: 31.68 MMBTU - 14.26 MMBTU = 17.42 MMBTU Energy Cost Savings: 17.42 MMBTU x 15.40 $/MMBTU = $268.27 per year Payback: 1056.99/268.27 = 3.94 year payback

E.7

$1.87 per square foot, 1208 sq. ft.

Adding insulation helps to keep the home warm in the winter and cool in the summer. Adding insulation reduces energy bills during the coldest and hottest times of the year. Rigid foam board is one of the most effective types of insulation for its thickness. Installation will be focused primarily by the roof, and the basement, which is partially unfinished, so the addition of insulatino will not be difficult or instrusive.

Insulation

$2,258.96 material cost $500 installation cost $2758.96 total

Sherburne Residence Retrofits

R-5 Per Inch at 6”

187 Falmouth Road · Windham · Maine

FOAMULAR® 250 Rigid Foam Insulation

N Original: 1038.97 UA Total x 24 = 24935.28 New: 818.34 UA Total x 24 = 19640.26 Difference: (old) (24935.28 x 7059/.72) x 9.62 $/MMBTU = $2351.80 (new) (19640.26 x 7059/.72) x 9.62 $/MMBTU = $1852.39 Energy Cost Savings: $2351.80 - $1852.39 = $499.41 per year Payback: $2758.96/$499.41 = 5.52 year payback

E.8

$2645 per unit, one unit required.

A higher efficiency wood stove would allow for usage of less wood in order to heat the home. This will ease both the financial stress of purchasing wood and also the physicsal stress of collecting wood.

There are higher efficiency wood stoves available on the market, but many of the higher efficiency stoves come with a much larger pricetag. Installation performed by homeowner.

Woodstove

Installation Cost: $0

Sherburne Residence Retrofits

83.5% Heating Efficiency

187 Falmouth Road 路 Windham 路 Maine

Hearthstone Homestead Wood Stove

N Original: 138.45 MMBTU New: 138.45x(.72)/.835=119.38 MMBTU Difference: 138.45-119.38=19.07 MMBTU Energy Cost Savings: 9.62 $/MMBTU x 19.07 MMBTU= 183.45 per year Payback: 2645/183.45= 14.42 year payback

E.9

551 kWh per year estimated use

ENERGY STAR qualified refrigerators use 20% less energy than modern normal refrigerators. Replacing the current refrigerator, which is from the 1980s, will save the client over 100 dollars per year.

Refrigerator

1764.29

Sherburne Residence Retrofits

ENERGY STAR-qualified

187 Falmouth Road 路 Windham 路 Maine

Kenmore Elite 25.0 cu. ft. FrenchDoor Bottom-Freezer Refrigerator 1 door per unit, 2 windows per unit

N

Original: 2331 kWh per year New: 551 kWh per year Difference: 2331 kWh - 551 kWh = 1780 kWh per year Energy Cost Savings: 1780 kWh x .059819 $/kWh = $106.48 per year Payback: 1764.29/106.48 = 16.57 year payback

E.10

U-value

tota l area

Heat los s C oefficient

B tu/hrft2 °F

ft2

UA=B tu/hr°F

W ALLS

W INDOW S

.030

778

23.37

2W

.031

430

13.33

Single Glazed Windows

.167

189

31.5

Entry

.33

17.5

5.775

.115

98

11.26

.05

1156

57.8

DOOR S R OOF S

Double Glazed Glass Door 1R

F LOOR S

(above grade, over vented crawl s paces U, over unheated s paces 1/2U)

F LOOR

s lab on grade

F -value

1F

perimeter ft.

58

.81

B E LOW G R ADE F LO OR S

ft2

modified U

1F

416

.0260

B E LOW G R ADE W ALLS

tota l F

2W

46.98

10.861

perimeter ft.

.51

29.58

58

INF ILT R AT ION (heated volume of the building x number of air changes x the hea t ca pacity of air .018 B tu ft3 °F #A.C . x .018 x volume cu.ft. = heat los s coefficient .96 19,136 330.671 _____ x .018 ___ x __________ = _________________ 561.127

T OT A L HE A T L O S S C O E F F IC IE NT (tota l UA ) B tu/hr°F HE AT L OS S S O UR C E

HE AT L OS S B tu/hr/°F 66.28 ....................................

11.48% 5.46% Walls

5.75%

Windows

31.5 ....................................

Doors Ceilings

10.01%

57.28%

100%

Floors Infiltration Loss

% 11.48 ......................................

5.46 ......................................

33.215 ....................................

5.75 ......................................

57.8 ....................................

10.01 ......................................

57.841 ....................................

10.02 ......................................

330.671 ....................................

57.28 ......................................

10.02%

PE AK HE AT L OS S

= tota l U A

x T (des ign indoor°F - des ign outdoor°F )

23,342.8832 _____________ ___________

561.127 = _______ _____

65-23.4 x ____________________________ __________________________

A NNUA L H E A T L O S S

= tota l U A

x 24hrs

x annual degree days

95,063,891.832 ____________ __________ __

= _______ _____ 561.127

x 24 ______ ____

x 7059 _____________ _ ____________

A NNUA L B U IL DING E NE R G Y P E R F OR MA NC E B T U/s q.ft/y ear

__________________________

Heated Spaces (After Retrofits)

1W

Sherburne Residence Heat Loss Calculation

detail #

187 Falmouth Road · Windham · Maine

T A B L E A : P E A K A ND A NNUA L L OA DS S IMP LIF IE D C ALC ULAT ION OF B UILDING HE AT LOS S C OE F F IC IE NT S

N

E.11

Total House UA (BTU/HR ÝF)

24 hours

561.127

Month Bldg. Load HDD/ MO Coeff

HTG LOAD (MMBTU)

13467

24 $/ SYS System Demand (MMBTU/EFF %) MMBTU EFF (%)

Total Heating Cost ($)

13467

765

10.3

83.5%

12.34

9.62

118.71

Feb

13467

605

8.1

83.5%

9.70

9.62

93.31

Mar

13467

536

7.2

83.5%

8.62

9.62

82.92

Apr

13467

400

5.4

83.5%

6.47

9.62

62.24

May

13467

243

3.3

83.5%

3.95

9.62

38.00

Jun

13467

96

1.3

83.5%

1.56

9.62

15.01

Jul

13467

21

.3

83.5%

.36

9.62

3.46

Aug

13467

21

.3

83.5%

.36

9.62

3.46

Sep

13467

78

1.1

83.5%

1.32

9.62

12.70

Oct

13467

319

4.3

83.5%

5.15

9.62

49.54

Nov

13467

560

7.5

83.5%

8.98

9.62

86.39

Dec

13467

756

10.2

83.5%

12.22

9.62

117.56

Heating - Wood (After Retrofits)

Jan

Sherburne Residence Energy Usage

Building Load Coefficient

187 Falmouth Road · Windham · Maine

Heating-Wood

N

E.12

DHW Load (MMBTU)

$/ Total Cooling $/ Total DHW DEM FACTOR CDD/ Cooling System (KwH/CDD) ($) MMBTU Cost ($) MO Demand (KwH) KwH

1.19

15.4

18.33

0

0

0

0

0

Feb

1.19

15.4

18.33

0

0

0

0

0

Mar

1.19

15.4

18.33

0

0

0

0

0

Apr

1.19

15.4

18.33

0

0

0

0

0

May

1.19

15.4

18.33

0

0

0

0

0

Jun

1.19

15.4

18.33

0

3

0

0

0

Jul

1.19

15.4

18.33

0

114

0

0

0

Aug

1.19

15.4

18.33

0

71

0

0

0

Sep

1.19

15.4

18.33

0

8

0

0

0

Oct

1.19

15.4

18.33

0

0

0

0

0

Nov

1.19

15.4

18.33

0

0

0

0

0

Dec

1.19

15.4

18.33

0

0

0

0

0

DHW - Gas/Cooling - None (After Retrofits)

Jan

Sherburne Residence Energy Usage

Month

187 Falmouth Road 路 Windham 路 Maine

Dom. Hot Water Cooling- None

N

E.13

KWH/Mo 38.22 8.4

$ Lighting

2.29 .50

Total 559.44 KWH/YR

Appliances-Gas Appliance Oven Grill

Quantity 1 1

Avg. Btu/Hr 14325 35000

Avg. Hrs/Mo MMBTU/Mo 140 2.00 10 .35

Total 28.2 MMBTU/YR

Appliance Quantity Avg. Wattage Avg. Hrs/Mo 185 1 Refrig./Frzr.

248.20 1 8 1300 Microwave 3 Toaster 1 9000 1 10 1200 Coffeemaker 110 Television 1 160 1 25 35 DVD Player 10 Iron 1 1000 1 2 300 Blender 15 Radio 1 60 1 30 220 Computer 45 Portable Fan 2 230 1 9 700 Vacuum 10 Washer 1 625 1 10 720 Dryer

KWH/Mo 45.92 10.4 27 12 17.6 .88 10 .6 .9 6.6 10.35 6.3 6.25 7.2

Total

1944 KWH/YR

Lighting - Elec/App. - Gas,Elec. (After Retrofits)

Appliances-Electric

Sherburne Residence Energy Usage

Lights Quantity Avg. Wattage Avg. Hrs/Mo 140 Incandescent 21 13 7 15 80 Flourescent

187 Falmouth Road 路 Windham 路 Maine

Lighting

N

E.14

$ DHW

Est. Total $ Gas

$ Heating

Jan

62.46

18.33

103.12

118.71

118.71

12.12

2.79

14.91

Feb

62.46

18.33

103.12

93.31

93.31

12.12

2.79

14.91

Mar

62.46

18.33

103.12

82.92

82.92

12.12

2.79

14.91

Apr

62.46

18.33

103.12

62.24

62.24

12.12

2.79

14.91

May

62.46

18.33

103.12

38.00

38.00

12.12

2.79

14.91

Jun

62.46

18.33

103.12

15.01

15.01

12.12

2.79

14.91

Jul

62.46

18.33

103.12

3.46

3.46

12.12

2.79

14.91

Aug

62.46

18.33

103.12

3.46

3.46

12.12

2.79

14.91

Sep

62.46

18.33

103.12

12.70

12.70

12.12

2.79

14.91

Oct

62.46

18.33

103.12

49.54

49.54

12.12

2.79

14.91

Nov

62.46

18.33

103.12

86.39

86.39

12.12

2.79

14.91

Dec

62.46

18.33

103.12

117.56

117.56

12.12

2.79

14.91

$ Est. Total $ Electric Est. Total $ Wood Appliances Lighting $ Elec

Sherburne Residence Total Energy Usages

$ Gas Appliances

Wood, Gas, Electric (After Retrofits)

Month

187 Falmouth Road 路 Windham 路 Maine

Total Usages

N

E.15

Actual Gas Total

Est. Wood Total

Actual Wood Total

Jan

80.79

115.85

118.71

-

14.91

34.12

Feb

80.79

116.32

93.31

-

14.91

29.97

Mar

80.79

110.45

82.92

-

14.91

29.96

Apr

80.79

109.66

62.24

-

14.91

29.15

May

80.79

112.34

38.00

-

14.91

26.95

Jun

80.79

98.53

15.01

655.00

14.91

31.36

Jul

80.79

115.34

3.46

-

14.91

31.58

Aug

80.79

120.78

3.46

-

14.91

30.59

Sep

80.79

84.55

12.70

-

14.91

31.58

Oct

80.79

99.12

49.54

-

14.91

31.36

Nov

80.79

110.78

86.39

-

14.91

Dec

80.79

129.34

117.56

-

14.91

26.74 27.44

Total

969.48

1323.06

683.3

655.00

148.92

360.80

Estimated vs. Actual (After Retrofits)

Ests. Gas Total

Sherburne Residence Energy Cost Comparison

Est. Electric Actual Total Electric Total

Month

187 Falmouth Road 路 Windham 路 Maine

Price Comparisons

N

E.16 Heating Load

Percent

Source

Electric Load

Percent

Water

14.28 MMBTU

33.62%

App.

1944.00 KWH

77.65%

App.

28.20 MMBTU

66.38%

Light

559.44 KWH

22.34%

Source

Load MMBTU

Walls

66.28 MMBTU

Window Doors

31.5 MmBTU 33.22 MMBTU

Ceiling Floor

57.8 MMBTU

Infil.

330.671

57.84 MMBTU

Total Energy Dist.

Percent

Source

11.48%

Heating

71.03 MMBTU

34.31%

5.46% 5.75%

DHW Lighting

14.28 MMBTU

6.90% .92%

10.01% 10.02%

App.

34.83 MMBTU

Cars

84.96 MMBTU

57.28%

Load MMBTu

1.91 MMBTU

Percent

16.83% 41.04%

Energy Distribution (After Retrofits)

Heating Load Dist.

Sherburne Residence Family Energy Use

Source

Total Usages - Electric

187 Falmouth Road 路 Windham 路 Maine

Total Usages - Gas

N

F Sherburne Residence

187 Falmouth Road 路 Windham 路 Maine

Section F

This section details how solar energy might be used to improve the efficiency of the house, and remove soem of the heating load from mechanical systems.

N

F.1

UAh= Total UA of house (after energy retro fit) not including south facade Walls UA: 24.459 Windows: 23.714 Total: 48.174 Ug = U Value of South Glass .167 Ag = Area of South Glazing Variable

Atw = Area of Total South Wall and Winow Area 666 ft2 ti = Average desired interior temperature 65˚F to = twelve noon outdoor January temperature 21.7˚F

Calculations

USw = U value of South Wall .030

Sherburne Residence Sun Tempering

[UAh + UgAg + Usw(Atw - Ag )] ( ti - to) = Is (Ag)

187 Falmouth Road · Windham · Maine

Sun Tempering

Is = Average Hourly solar radiation at 12 noon in January recieved by a vertical surface 146 BTU/sq. ft

Calculations [48.174 + .167(Ag) + .3(666 - Ag)] (65 - 21.7) = 146 Ag [48.174 + .167(Ag) + .3(666 - Ag)] 43.3 = 2085.93 + 7.23(Ag) + 12.99 (666-Ag) = 2085.93 + 7.23Ag + 8651.34 -12.99 Ag= 10737.27 - 5.76Ag = 146 Ag 10737.27 = 151.76 Ag Area of South Glass Needed for Sun Tempering 70.752 = Ag 666/70.752 = 9.4% The above calculation shows that the house requires 9.4% of the house be covered in glass in order to collect the optimal amount of solar energy, without losing too much energy due to the high U value of the windows. This would require an additional 22.578 square feet of glazing be added to the southern facade. A 6 by 3.5 window added to the second story would fufill this need.

N

F.2

South Facade Redesign

Sherburne Residence Sun Tempering

187 Falmouth Road 路 Windham 路 Maine

Solar Redesign Additional window is placed on the second level to allow light to enter the main living spaces.

The already existing windows on the southern facade penetrate into the bedroom and laundry/basement spaces, so the addtion of a window into the living space was the msot logical. It is placed high up due to the configuration of the furniture within the space, and so as to not provide direct glare into the inhabitants of the spaces.

N

F.3

LCR = Load to Collect Ratio With a 25% SSF using TWB3 18 SSF = Solar Savings Fraction 25%

Storage Mass

LCR = 24 UAh/ Ag 18 = 24(48.174)/ Ag Area of South Glass Needed for Passive Solar Heating Ag = 64.232 Storage Mass Calculations Goal of 30 BTU/ft3/F per ft2 of glass White Oak: Typical Heat Capacity = 26.8 BTU/ft3/F 64.232 (30) = 1926.96 BTU/ft3/F 1926.96 / 26.8 = 71.90 ft3 71.90 / 1.33 = 54.06 ft2

Sherburne Residence Passive Solar Heating

UAh= Total UA of house (after energy retro fit) not including south facade Walls UA: 24.459 Windows: 23.714 Total: 48.174

187 Falmouth Road · Windham · Maine

Passive Solar Heating Calculations

mass storage required brick required area of 14” white oak required

The addition of a 6’ by 9’ wall between the dining room would create both a dividing spatial barrier between these tow very functionally different spaces, and create a sotrage wall for the main living space

N Dining Room

Proposed Solar Mass Storage Wall

Kitchen

Living Room

Bedroom

Bathroom

F.4

Winter: During the winter the window shading would be opened during the day on the southern and western facades to allow as much solar gain as possible within the house. The northern and eastern shades would remain permanently closed during the winter. The southern and western shades would be pulled down during the night to insulate the house as much as possible against the cold winter temperatures.

Seasonal Strategies

Sherburne Residence Window Insulation

Summer: Durnig the summer, the window shading would actually be used primarily during the day to block out the suprisingly hot Maine summer sun. This will allow the house to maintain the cool night temperatures for as long as possible. During the night, the shades would be raised to allow the windows to opened for ventialtion.

187 Falmouth Road ¡ Windham ¡ Maine

Window Night Insulation Strategy

Comfortex 3/8’ Double Cell Light Filtering Cellular Shades

N