Bradley Works 2009 by Bradley University

Bradley

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Faithful

Scholar

2009 Research Collaboration Creativity at Bradley University

From the President

At Bradley University, we are on a mission. Our mission involves coupling world-class research and scholarship with an educational experience that emphasizes leadership and innovation. Every day our talented, committed faculty pursues that mission with great energy and zeal. Let me give you some examples. Dr. Souhail Elhouar wants to help save lives by developing a computer simulation program that will lead to construction of buildings that will be safer during a fire. George Brown and Jim Ferolo are reinventing theatre, pushing the limits of performance and interactive technology to create dynamic, moving productions. Dr. Deitra Kuester is partnering with Dr. Chris Nikolopoulos to develop robots that can help demonstrate interactive skills to more effectively reach and teach students with autism. In this issue of Bradley Works, you can read about our engaged, passionate faculty who work closely with students, as mentors and collaborators. They teach not by lecture, but by involving students in discussions of ideas and by working side-by-side with them in the lab, in the library, in the streets—indeed wherever their search for knowledge takes them. Dr. Craig Cady and a team of undergraduate researchers work alongside each other in his lab, trying to develop effective treatments for ovarian cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Dr. Stacey Robertson and a student traveled to Philadelphia, where they transcribed diaries of early abolitionists from the archives at the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Kerrie Schattler and her students hit the streets, literally, to analyze the roads and highways throughout Peoria County to develop a more cost-effective pavement management system.

Our mission encourages faculty to be not only passionate teachers but also outstanding scholars whose research and creative contributions are done in collaboration with other faculty members and students. Dr. David Schmitt engages his students— and colleagues around the globe—to survey people from many cultures in an attempt to help psychologists understand the dynamics of romantic relationships. His findings have been published and quoted throughout Europe and Asia. Dr. Robert Fuller wants to understand people through their religious convictions and has published 12 books that explore topics such as the Antichrist and spirituality as it relates to our physical and psychological being. He, too, is a sought-after speaker and lecturer. These are just a few of the exceptional faculty members at Bradley. There are many others like them pursuing cutting-edge research and expanding our base of knowledge. In fact, there are so many great stories that they couldn’t all fit in this issue of Bradley Works. You can find additional examples of research and scholarship online at bradley.edu/bradleyworks. At Bradley, we strive to become an institution of national distinction. We continue to attract top-notch faculty for our many outstanding academic programs while attracting students from throughout the world to study and work with them. With a clear sense of our mission, we are at a transformational moment in our 112-year history. I am so very proud of the work our faculty and students are doing at Bradley University. As you read the stories in this issue of Bradley Works you’ll understand why.

Warm regards,

Bradley Works, a publication of Bradley University, highlights the research, collaboration, and creativity of Bradley faculty and students. © 2009 Bradley University 1501 W. Bradley Avenue, Peoria, Illinois 61625 309-676-7611 bradley.edu/bradleyworks

Staff

Laura McGowan, Danise Jones, Nancy Ridgeway, writers Sarah Dukes, designer Duane Zehr, university photographer Maureen Horcher, Sheri McGill, interns

Administration Joanne K. Glasser, president Robert Bolla, interim provost and vice president for academic affairs Shelley Epstein, assistant vice president for university communications

COVER

Kathy Fuller, assistant vice president for university relations

WEB CONTENT

FEATURES

Find these NoteWorthy items exclusively online at bradley.edu/bradleyworks.

nurturing environment 02 ACraig Cady and student researchers take

Doing business in China and India Business students go global Best practices Dr. James Adrian helps establish guidelines for engineering and construction projects in China and U.S.

on “tremendous responsibility” in their stem cell research new landscape for learning 06 AStudent-teacher collaboration enhances historical research and harvests mutual admiration

High-tech teacher Student and faculty research may demonstrate robots enhance socialization instruction for students with autism

Tetrahymena gets its own “wiki” Dr. Nick Stover and computer science students will create online database for single-celled organism

Paving the way Professors and students work to keep Peoria County’s roads in top condition

21st-century workforce Grants help create new master’s programs to strengthen teachers’ math, science, and engineering skills

A faithful scholar 12 COVER Robert Fuller, Caterpillar Professor of

Improving doctor training Peoria Robotics team hopes to develop more accurate medical simulators

Grants and awards Bradley faculty and staff receive national recognition and $2.5 million in grants and contracts In Bradley Hilltopics, our university magazine, you can find additional information about Bradley. Read it online at bradley.edu/hilltopics.

Religious Studies, reflects on his career as author and teacher Cover photo by Duane Zehr

18 PERSON What makes love last? 16 FIRST David P. Schmitt, Caterpillar Professor of Psychology, looks at romance from a global perspective difference 18 Dramatic Bradley fuses theatre and multimedia to create a captivating, interactive performance & steel 22 Fire Engineering professor and student employ computer simulations to research damaging effects of fire on steel the future 24 Fueling IPL symposium experts say “no silver bullet” exists for solutions to nation’s energy crisis inspiration 26 Drawing Bradley International Print and Drawing Exhibition informs and inspires faculty, students, and community

IN PRINT and creative productions 30 Publications of Bradley University faculty

A nurturing environment In his lab, Dr. Craig Cady transforms stem cells into neurons, carefully controlling environmental conditions and introducing a precise cocktail of chemicals to encourage the desired differentiation. He also watches over a team of student researchers who are developing as individuals and professionals. Dr. Craig Cady’s laboratory is a special place. Here, he observes stem cells migrating toward

By Laura McGowan

organ-specific cancer cells—a finding that could

has deteriorated in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. At the same time, he guides and mentors a

lead to a precisely targeted form of chemo-

team of students who help him tremendously

therapy with far fewer side effects than

with the hands-on work in the lab, giving them

current treatments.

an experience that, as undergraduates, they are

Cady carefully nurtures neurons. He and his

unlikely to find at many other universities. Cady says he looks for students who have passion

alive much longer than other labs report doing.

and motivation. “When I came to Bradley, I

He also prods and encourages stem cells to

had concerns about working with undergraduate

become more like neurons and hopes that one

students. But, actually, the students have done

day they can regenerate a part of the brain that

very well.”

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students have developed strategies to keep them

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Lauren Hughes, now a senior, walked into Cady’s lab as a freshman and has seldom left, although she did go on one spring break.

to activate and suppress particular genes. It’s incredibly difficult to figure out,” Hughes says. When Hughes came into the lab, they had

She admits to being “completely overwhelmed

recently moved from the stage of “just destroying

that first semester. I couldn’t tell a stem cell

the stem cells to developing cells that actually

from a neuron, and I was in awe of the older

have some parameters of neurons,” she says.

students.” The most experienced member of

After years of research, hard work, and trial

the undergraduate researchers, she speaks with

and error, Cady’s lab now transforms adult stem

confidence and knowledge about her work.

cells into what appear to be extremely healthy

She has planned to attend medical school after

neurons. “We’ve actually showed neurologists

graduation, but would consider staying at

these photos, and they have been fooled,”

Bradley as a graduate student if research

Hughes says. “They are shocked when we

funding becomes available.

tell them they are stem cells.”

When she joined the lab, they were beginning

Outside of the lab, Hughes has also researched

to experiment with transforming stem cells into

the work of other scientists. “Others claim to

neurons. “One of Dr. Cady’s former students,

create cells that look like neurons,” she says,

Adree Venatta, who is now in her third year

“but here’s the thing: no one has proved that

of medical school, had done a lot of research

they function like neurons.”

to find out what combinations of factors would

Dr. Craig Cady talks with Swathy Sreekumar, left, while Lauren Hughes studies stem cells under the microscope.

The neurons produced in Cady’s laboratory

be most likely to influence stem cells to become

express an agent that elicits synthesis of a

like neurons. She started making cocktails of

chemical that is lacking in specific neurodegen-

different factors [a variety of chemicals secreted

erative diseases. Cady and his students’ ultimate

by cells] and putting them on stem cells in order

goal is to develop neurons from a patient’s own

Bradley Works 2009

stem cells that could someday be introduced

specific cancer cells and then analyzes the

into the brains of patients with neurodegenera-

migration of the stem cells toward cancer cells.

tive diseases and, through de novo synthesis,

“We’re not really sure why, but stem cells are

produce chemicals missing in the disease. It

attracted to cancer cells,” Washburn says. “We

might be necessary to establish a way to target

think that cancer cells are expressing something

these developed neurons to areas of the brain

that stem cells have a receptor for.”

specific to the neurodegenerative disease,

Cady explains that the ultimate goal is for the

thereby replacing function to these areas.

patient to be injected with an inert drug that will

Alec Witty, a student who graduated in 2007, worked for two years to develop a staining

to express a protein once they reach the tumor

method so they could identify key parts of

site, will be injected near the tumor. That protein

neurons. The team was able to stain for voltage-

will trigger the inert drug to turn into an active

gated channels—one feature that makes a neuron

chemotherapeutic drug that will destroy the

a neuron. Stem cells don’t have them, but

tumor. Instead of sending toxic drugs throughout

neurons do. If stem cells are going to function

the body, they can be created right at the site of

like neurons, they will need to develop these

the tumor, using stem cells as a vehicle.

channels. The staining method allows Cady

Having determined that stem cells will migrate

and his students to compare the stem cells with

to tumor cells in the laboratory, the team is now

the actual neurons to see if stem cells are

working on the next phase of experiments, live

developing the channels.

animal testing. Washburn says he is really excited

Cady also has developed a method to test the

about this next phase and hopes to be involved. The actual testing will be done in Springfield in

they will be testing transformed stem cells to see

the laboratories at Southern Illinois University

if they are electrically active, indicating that the

School of Medicine, which has the needed

cells are beginning to function like neurons.

equipment to track the cell migration. “It’s not

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stem cells using electrophysiology. This spring

“This is what makes us different

just cells in a dish—this will be totally different

from other labs,” Hughes says.

and answer a lot of questions,” he says. “For

“We are actually testing the cells

example, we’re not sure if the stem cells will

for functionality.”

actually go where we want them to or if they

“It’s something that makes me not sleep,” Hughes admits. “I feel a responsibility. But it’s exciting because we’ve gotten so far.” Ben Washburn, a junior who

will collect in other tissues where we wouldn’t want them—such as the heart or lungs.” Washburn says he has been surprised by the creative research going on in Cady’s lab and by the fact that he is able to participate. “I didn’t

is planning to be a physician, also

anticipate this as a prospective Bradley student,”

finds the work in the lab extremely

he says, “especially the level of professionalism

motivating. “We’re working with

expected and the opportunity to collaborate

human diseases here, so it’s very

with other schools.”

relevant to my future,” he says. Washburn’s time in the lab has been spent on

travel throughout the body. Stem cells, designed

Swathy Sreekumar agrees: “I had no idea this research was going on when I came to

another of Cady’s groundbreaking projects—

Bradley. Now, as a campus tour guide for

using stem cells to treat tissue-specific cancer.

prospective biology majors, I tell students that

He creates co-cultures of stem cells and tissue-

there is so much opportunity to do research

at Bradley. I think people need to be more aware of what is going on here.” Having recently joined Cady’s research team, Sreekumar has been doing lots of watching and listening. Cady explains that new students have to learn the procedures and sterile techniques. “We have many biohazards in the lab. We have human tissue and toxic substances. We always wear gloves, closed-toed shoes, and lab coats. And we spray lots of ethanol.” But, he explains, “if these students were at a major research institution, they would be cleaning dishes or stem cells.” Besides collaborating with other institutions and his students, Cady also works with colleagues at Bradley. Recently he began discussing his work with Dr. Kalyani Nair, who specializes in tissue engineering and has just begun teaching in the biomedical engineering program. “She is going to look at stem cells and how they change into neurons or how they change into heart cells,” Cady says. “We look at a cellular and protein level. Dr. Nair has the expertise to look at the cells from an atomic level to help understand how and why the cells are changing.” Cady explains that his training is in neurophysiology, but “I’ve branched out a lot. I had to learn about stem cells and cancer research. Other areas I was working on led into it. Without my colleagues in cancer research and other fields, I certainly couldn’t have done the work—and that’s becoming more and more

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making cultures. They wouldn’t be handling

neurodegenerative diseases. Locally, Joan Snyder, a Parkinson’s lobbyist and patient with Parkinson’s, holds an annual fundraiser

Ben Washburn studies stem cells migrating toward cancer cells.

in Peoria. “She has steered a lot of money our way, and we are very grateful.” Cady says he also appreciates the fact that Snyder brings other patients with Parkinson’s into the lab so they can see the work being done. “It’s an incredibly moving experience to see their faces when they look at the neurons and stem cells under the microscope. Joan doesn’t let us lose sight of what we are working toward. I think it’s incredibly motivating for the students.” Cady admits, however, that this can also be a little unsettling for him. “It reminds us of the tremendous responsibility that we have.”

common in science. You have to work with

Dr. Cady encourages expectant parents to

colleagues in other areas because we have so

consider making a cord blood donation when

much competition now. A scientist has to be

their babies are born. He can be reached at

able to publish on a variety of topics.”

ccady@bradley.edu or 309-677-3020.

He explains that science is so competitive that the National Institutes of Health currently grants funding to only about 7 percent of applications. As a result, Cady says, he has to find diverse funding sources. An important source for this lab has been foundations that raise money for

Bradley Works 2009

A new landscape for learning By Nancy Ridgeway

Senior history major Courtney Wiersema and Dr. Stacey Robertson, associate professor of history, discovered the value of student-faculty collaboration when they participated in a seminar sponsored by SHEAR-Mellon (Society for Historians of the Early American Republic and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation) in Philadelphia last summer. Wiersema was among 10 history students nationwide chosen to participate in a three-week seminar at the University of Pennsylvania’s McNeil Center for the Study of Early America. Students attended sessions on the theory of history, discussed graduate school, and did preliminary research for their senior projects.

side-by-side with our laptops, typing. I’ve been

Their faculty advisors attended the final week

working on this for 10 years, and she had a

of the seminar and were encouraged both to

completely fresh eye, which was very helpful.”

help students hone their prospectuses and to conduct their own research. Wiersema and Robertson helped each other

rights leader Lucretia Mott, and Robertson

with research, a new experience for Robertson,

remembered her own experience years ago when

who is accustomed to doing research alone.

she found the handwritten name of another

“Historians are a solitary bunch. We don’t do

famous abolitionist, Frederick Douglass.

collaborative work much,” Robertson says. “By

Outside the archives, Wiersema also helped

the time I arrived, Courtney was an expert at

Robertson find her way around the city.

using the archives. Just learning to use it can take

Robertson says, “We became friends as much

lots of time. Courtney helped me negotiate the

as having a teacher-student relationship.”

archives, and since she had finished most of her

Back in Peoria, Wiersema will help Robertson

research at the center, she volunteered to help

with her manuscript, assisting with the final

with my research.”

process of checking footnotes, contacting

Robertson is writing a transcript about female abolitionists, and she and Wiersema found a

Wiersema was in awe when seeing the handwritten name of abolitionist and women’s

representatives from archives, and more. Wiersema’s senior project delves into land-

diary written by a group of abolitionists in the

scape and gender on the Illinois prairie between

Philadelphia area. “Courtney and I both began

1800 and 1860. “Men as providers looked at

transcribing from the record books. We sat

the land and saw its potential for farming and

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ranching. Women were taught to be nurturing

Robertson says her experience in Philadelphia

and were more apt to find the land beautiful.

has helped her in the classroom. “Educators are

They were less likely to look at the land’s ability

moving away from the idea that we scoop out

to produce, but they were pretty tough ladies,”

knowledge and put it in our students’ brains.

says Wiersema, noting the prairie was settled

Now, we strive for a true engagement of ideas.

primarily by people from Germany, Sweden,

It’s easier to give a lecture on a topic that

and England.

you’re familiar with than to sit down and

Wiersema credits Robertson with helping on her senior project “every step of the way. I need someone to point me in the right direction, and

do a free-form discussion, but the learning process has to happen in an active way.” She notes, “True collaboration has to be

she has helped me with that and with editing.

a real give and take. It’s more meaningful for

Having someone to turn to when you’re freaking

students and professors when the discussion

out when things don’t go right is great. You

goes both ways.”

avoid major errors, and it’s important knowing

Robertson will co-lead the next SHEAR/

the support is there. The continuity from

Mellon seminar in June 2009. She says, “I am

Philadelphia to here is helpful.”

thrilled to have this opportunity to work with

Wiersema has since visited the Abraham

Dr. Stacey Robertson and senior history major Courtney Wiersema have collaborated on their historical research. Robertson is studying female abolitionists, while Wiersema is exploring gender and the Illinois prairie in the early 19th century.

other students who are eager to delve into the

Lincoln Presidential Library in Springfield,

wonderful world of history. I am convinced

looking for manuscripts and letters. Her favorite

that I will benefit as much from the experience

find is a letter written in 1835 by a Peoria

as they will.”

resident who described the city as it was then.

Bradley Works 2009

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Andrew Becker, left, and Will Herring are programming robots to demonstrate a social story or script that may help children with autism learn specific social skills.

High-tech teacher

Robots may help students with autism learn the art of human interaction By Maureen Horcher

In the not-so-distant future, students with autism may learn from robots instead of humans. Three Bradley students are experimenting

Kuester noted there is room for novel teaching

with humanoid robots that may assist children

techniques in this field because the current dir-

with autism in an educational setting. Dr. Deitra

ectional teaching style using human interaction

Kuester, assistant professor of special education,

may contribute to anxiety for many children

and Dr. Chris Nikolopoulos, professor of

with ASD.

computer science and information systems,

“The purpose of the project is to reduce the

are facilitating the project. Dr. Kevin Finson,

fear and complexity of working with a human to

professor of education, has also joined the team

teach [students with ASD] social skills,” Kuester

as a resource. They began the project in spring

says. She hopes this will result in students’

2008, creating an innovative, cross-curricular

abilities to apply learned social skills to her

collaborative opportunity for Bradley students.

target environments—school and home.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a develop-

Kuester and senior learning behavior specialist,

mental disorder involving varying degrees of

elementary education, and early childhood major

deficit in socialization, communication, and

Lauralyn Bogart will first observe the experimen-

learning. Individuals with ASD may be highly

tal subjects and discuss desired social skills with

functional to highly challenged.

their parents and teachers. “These could include

Robots will act as a human substitute in teaching social skills to students with ASD. The ultimate goal is to use the robots to convey a variety of social skills. Some skills may include initiation of communication, reciprocal conversation, or teaching individuals with ASD who may be nonverbal how to express wants and needs.

Robot use has gained momentum in primarily therapeutic settings for individuals with ASD.

teaching them how to greet another student, how

to ask a student to come play, and, for older

first prototype and programmed it according

students, [it] could even be how to ask another

to Kuester’s specific criteria.

ties are endless of what they could teach.” For now, the robots’ behavior will be scripted.

Will Herring, senior computer science major, is one of the two students continuing the project. “The field of this fusion between robotics and

They will be programmed with a social story or

autism is fascinating, and a lot of good research

social script, two common strategies of teaching

is being done,” Herring says. “Creating some-

socially appropriate behavior. The robots will

thing with computer science that has a profound

demonstrate a particular social skill in stages.

real-world impact would be a great step from

Future investigations will attempt to equip robots with “artificial intelligence” characteris-

all these years of instruction.” In addition to Herring and his senior computer

tics, such as non-deterministic behavior, vision

science major counterpart, Andrew Becker,

recognition, and more extensive natural

Kuester added Bogart to the team this year.

language capabilities.

The three students will construct and program

The current investigation will introduce the social skill to the students in three stages. First, students watch the programmed robots interact with each other. Next, the instructor replaces one of the robots

two more prototype brands. The group will have created four testing robots in total. Kuester says testing a variety of robots is important to determine which fits the future study best. This includes determining how the

with a student, who interacts with the robot

student will react to the robot and which robot

using a pre-scripted dialogue.

is most economically efficient. For instance,

Finally, the teacher will remove the remaining robot. After having learned the appropriate

human-sized robots are too expensive for many schools’ pocketbooks.

behavior without the complexity or anxiety

The team is well on its way to creating the

of working with a human, the goal is for the

next prototypes. The members completed one

student to demonstrate and generalize the skill

robot with minimal speech capabilities and plan

more readily with a human than if he or she

to build a replica programmed with speech and

learned the skill through traditional modalities.

movement capabilities. Herring says all robots

The three stages enable the robot to act out

have their own programming languages. He is

what the teacher would typically teach using

learning the language for a robot that will be

lecture (or role play) strategies.

able to walk, run, sing, and dance.

“It’s not a matter of the robot teaching the

Kuester says by spring 2009, they should have

skill. The robot acts as an agent through which

the robots ready for introduction into school and

the skill is learned,” Kuester says.

home environments. By May, they should have

The project is in its early stages. Kuester and

data on student interaction with the robots and

Nikolopoulos brainstormed the inception of this

whether or not the robots will perform what

study as a project for Nikolopoulos’ computer

Kuester desires. Bogart and Kuester will observe

science class. Four students initially created the

the students and collect and analyze data.

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student to a dance,” Bogart says. “The possibili-

ABOVE: Dr. Chris Nikolopoulos, left, Dr. Kevin Finson, and Dr. Deitra Kuester hope that robots in the classroom can help reduce the anxiety that more directional teaching styles often create in students with autism. BELOW: Social skills will be introduced to students in three stages. First, two robots will act out a script; next, a student will interact with a robot. Then, the goal will be for the student to demonstrate the behavior with another person.

Bradley Works 2009

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Paving the Way Dr. Kerrie Schattler and her students hope to keep Peoria’s roads in top shape

By Danise Jones

Dr. Kerrie Schattler reviews some items with members of her student crew and Dr. Suresh Immanuel. In the foreground are, from left, Cyndi Stenwall, William Pearsall, Schattler, Phillip Keller, and Immanuel. Students in the background are, from left, Mitchell Wedell and Daniel Frohlich.

Every day millions of people travel on interstates,

ment system helps decision-makers find optimum

state highways, county roads, and city streets

strategies for keeping pavements in serviceable

without thinking twice about them. That is,

condition. The professor states that today’s focus

until a pothole rattles their thoughts or road

is on preventative maintenance. A road agency

construction halts their path.

can preserve the overall pavement life signifi-

Making sure roads are safe for travel, however,

routinely. This strategy is more effective than

Bradley University faculty member Dr. Kerrie

waiting until the pavement fails and then fixing

Schattler, whose research interests include

it, which is more costly.

highway and pedestrian safety. For almost two

“To an actual driver that means you might

years, and thanks to a $99,150 grant, Peoria

not have to close down too many lanes for long

County’s roads have been of utmost importance

periods of time. Overall, it would provide a

to Schattler as she, her crew of 11 students, and

better driving condition of road over the long

faculty member Dr. Suresh Immanuel developed

haul. It may take a while for these benefits to

and implemented a pavement management

be realized once the system is in place, but it’s

system (PMS) for the Peoria County Highway

a more systematic approach to maintaining

Department (PCHD). Immanuel, whose specialty

the quality of the surface,” she adds.

is pavement design, assisted in the summer of

Schattler’s work on the county PMS began

2008 by training students to identify pavement

in April 2007 after the project proposal was

distresses by type and severity.

approved and the contract was signed. Prelimi-

According to Schattler, a pavement manage-

cantly if smaller repairs are made early and

is always on the minds of civil engineers like

nary discussions with the PCHD management,

county engineer Thomas McFarland, and head

graduate students, because I believe this is a

design engineer and BU alumna Amy Benecke-

learning experience for them. With Collette,

McLaren revealed their need for the development

I advised her to experiment with leadership

of a PMS for the county and their concerns with

and management responsibilities.” Glauber adds, “Working on a project with

seemed interested in partnering with Bradley

a professor allows the student to use research

and providing the students with opportunities

methods to come up with alternative solutions

to gain practical experience.” Her full proposal

to problems instead of narrowing in on one

for the PCHD included planning, development,

solution because that is how it is typically done.”

implementation, and training. Collette Glauber,

Schattler stresses, “Everything is done in

a graduate student at the time, assisted in many

consultation with me, but I’ll let the graduate

aspects of the project from its inception until

student take a stab at a task first to enhance

near completion, over a year-and-a-half period

their learning experience.” The students always

while pursuing her master’s in civil engineering.

came to Schattler with questions. “I’d ask

In developing a PMS, the professor wanted

Collette to assist in training the undergraduate

to make sure the system suited the county’s needs

students and answering their questions. I think

and would be one they could maintain in the

it’s a really good learning tool for the students.

future based on their resources. To achieve this,

I like to make that opportunity available to

the county was extensively involved in the

the students because they can really grow and

planning aspects of the system.

challenge themselves in a very comfortable

Once the design of the PMS was completed, the undergraduate students started work in

environment.” Collaborating with students on projects

fall 2007. Joining the team were recent civil

is important, Schattler states, because “hands-

engineering graduates Nicholas Homerding,

on work is integral to long-term knowledge

Luke Nelson, Matthew Mathien, Bill Pearsall,

retention principles and learning principles.”

Daniel Frohlich, and Jason Shurtz; senior civil

She adds, “For a lot of it, they are in the

engineering majors Mitchell Wedell, Phillip

field and working independently so their ethics,

Keller, and Utkarsh Pandey; and junior organiza-

integrity, and responsibility really have to be there.

tional communications major Cyndi Stenwall.

They built a lot of team skills, and a lot of other

Wedell says, “Activities that needed to be

Wedell agrees that the project enhanced the

measuring the length of the section of road that

team’s skills. “If we did not communicate what

needed to be inspected. We then needed to take

we were doing and what we had done, the

a picture of the section and survey the section

project could have gotten very disorganized.”

for any kind of deformations.” Schattler’s team

Before presenting the PMS, Schattler says,

inspected the county’s 311 miles of roads, which

“I did a quality assurance quality control check

they broke down into segments and then into

on some of the inspections. If a batch was off,

inspection units.

then that batch was reinspected.”

Schattler relates Glauber shouldered much responsibility. “I try

Collette Glauber, a graduate student at the time, surveys a Peoria County road as Utkarsh Pandey records information about the pavement.

byproducts came out of it.”

performed in order to get the task done included

Describing the faculty-student collaboration,

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maintaining the system. Schattler says, “They

Schattler and the team successfully delivered the fully developed system to the county in December 2008.

not to micromanage too much, especially with my

Bradley Works 2009

Faithful

Scholar

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By Nancy Ridgeway

Dr. Robert Fuller is an energetic professor

For more than 30 years, Dr. Robert Fuller has published books on many topics, ranging from the Antichrist to Wonder. A Caterpillar Professor of Religious Studies and director of Bradley’s Honors Program, he reflects on his career as a scholar and teacher at Bradley.

whose body of scholarly works reflects his vitality. Unlike many scholars who focus on a fairly narrow academic topic, this Caterpillar Professor of Religious Studies has researched and written about a wide variety of topics relating to religion, and his output has been prodigious. His books have been published by some of the world’s most prestigious academic presses. Five have been published by Oxford University Press, the world’s premier publisher of academic books on religion. Fuller’s 12th book, Spirituality in the Flesh, was published by Oxford last year. The book takes a scientific look at why humans become religious. His other books have delved into such wide-ranging topics as moral obligation, spirituality outside traditional religious institutions, the sense of wonder, alternative medicine, the cultural history of psychology, the impact of religion on human development through the life cycle, the role of wine in religious experience, and the history of Americans’ beliefs about the Antichrist. Fuller comments, “I have never been able to limit my interests to a single scholarly field. I tell people I have ADD— Academic Deficiency Disorder. I can’t keep myself from pursuing new interests.” He commends Bradley’s administration for promoting an ideal mix of teaching and scholarship. “Classroom teaching is why I chose a career as a college professor. But, teaching is about discovering and communicating knowledge, and this is where teaching connects with the research we do outside the classroom,” Fuller says, crediting former provost John Hitt, who in the 1970s and 1980s had the vision to support and create an expectation for Bradley faculty to conduct research. Bradley’s Office of Teaching Excellence and Faculty Development (OTEFD), where faculty can apply for internal research funding, is a tangible expression of institutional commitment. Fuller notes that with the resources of OTEFD, the inter-library loan system, and access to Internet2, Bradley can support the highest levels of research in most academic areas.

Bradley Works 2009

Bringing national attention to Bradley

Studying science’s role in religion

Fuller’s book, Naming the Antichrist, was

Spirituality in the Flesh, will be instrumental in

published in 1995 and continues to gain

distinguishing him as a frontrunner in researching

attention. When first published, this book was

the correlation between science and religion, a

spotlighted in such national media as the Boston

topic he embraces. “You can only think and feel

Globe, New York Times, and Los Angeles Times.

what the brain allows you to think and feel.

Fuller’s expertise in the psychological roots of

Therefore, religious thoughts and feelings are

end-of-the-world religious beliefs had already

anchored in the physiology of our bodies,” he says.

made him a media resource when the religious

Many of his colleagues in religious studies have

community in Waco, Texas, came under siege

not grasped the relationship, and Fuller decided

by federal authorities. During that incident Fuller

to research the connection after leading biologists

was sought out by more than 40 television, radio,

Richard Dawkins of Cambridge University and

newspaper, and magazine journalists. A few years

E.O. Wilson of Harvard University published

ago, Fuller was contacted by the History Channel

books on religion.

to film a two-part series on the Antichrist that

“The connection between psychology and

continues to be aired frequently. Last summer, he

religion is the overall theme of my academic

was interviewed for a Canadian cable television

research. This was my major field in graduate

series, “What I Believe.” The host conversed

school at the University of Chicago. My second

with religious authorities to help guide the

field, however, was American cultural and

audience to an informed view of this topic.

religious history, and for many years I published

Discussing the book, Fuller comments, “In all

more in this area than in my initial area,” Fuller

my other books, I’m promoting ideas I personally

says. “Being 28 years out of grad school, I was

champion. I wrote this book to speak out about

somewhat out of touch with newly emerging

an aspect of religion that is usually hateful and

work in academic psychology. I needed to

mean-spirited. As a scholar, I would far prefer to

rejuvenate my professional skills by digging

be known for what I support, rather than what I

into 21st-century psychology.”

am against. Ironically, the one book that explains

As he conducted research, Fuller conferred

my critical perspective on certain facets of

with Bradley psychology professors Dr. Derek

religion turned out to be one of my best-known

Montgomery and Dr. David Schmitt. They

contributions to the field.”

steered him to state-of-the-art work in cognitive

He pulls no punches in expressing his disdain

In contrast, Fuller hopes his most recent book,

psychology and the psychology of emotions.

for “beliefs that glorify the destruction of the

In contrast to the 1960s and 1970s, when

world rather than directing us to efforts that will

psychologists believed people came into the

build the world.” Fuller notes that religion is not

world as blank slates, psychologists are now

always about love. It has also been about hate.

knowledgeable about the role of genetic or

His historical narrative explains how religious

biological influences. Fuller’s book uses current

efforts to “name the antichrist” can be seen as

research in the biological and psychological

pernicious attempts to demonize our enemies.

sciences to explore a variety of questions about

Fuller observes, “The idea of an Antichrist has

religion, such as why some religious traditions

served as a vehicle for labeling those who differ

assign spiritual currency to pain, why the

from us as incarnations of evil and thereby

emotion of fear so often factors prominently in

justifying violence and continued hatred, all

religious life, why people often believe they have

in the name of God.”

a deep personal relationship with unseen spiritual

Fuller in print beings, or how chemically altered states of

explores the contrasting ways in which fear

consciousness often trigger religious experiences.

and wonder influence such cognitive activities

One topic covered in Spirituality in the Flesh

as selective attention to sensory input, memory

is how scientists conduct laboratory research on

retrieval, physiological arousal, and activating

religious experiences. “By wiring people to EEGs

fight/flight tendencies. If fear plays a prominent

or other sophisticated equipment that monitors

role in religious thinking, then we know that

brain activity, we can see how different parts

cognition and behavior are more likely to

of the brain become especially active during

become narrow, defensive, and possibly hostile.

mystical experiences. I find it fascinating to

Wonder, on the other hand, expands our

learn what is going on in the brain during

cognitive repertoire, elicits greater empathy for

experiences we label as religious or mystical.”

others, and establishes long-lasting attitudes of

The book also explores the connection between religion and sexuality. “Our most

care and ethical concern.” Another chapter of the book looks at pain

powerful biological urge is to repopulate.

and illness, which “can lead to profound

Powerful hormones motivate us to become

religious transformations. Pain dismantles our normal sense of self and ushers in a surrender

“ If we start from the standpoint that life is itself a miracle, then religion is the way we celebrate the sacredness of our physical, worldly existence.” — Dr. Robert Fuller

response. For this reason pain is often associated with religious rites of passage and various kinds of ‘born again’ experiences.” He adds, “The book’s last chapter deals with a number of ways our bodies connect with spirituality. Our body’s spatial orientation to experience profoundly influences how and what we think. For this reason, bodily metaphors permeate religion. Consider, for example, how

attracted to others, to seek intimate union,

often we hear people pray for God to lift them

and to sustain loving relationships. All of this

up, ask Jesus to take them in His arms, or

has a bearing on why religious persons become

proclaim that ‘I once was low, now I am high.’

attracted to God, seek intimate union with God,

In the final chapter, I also show how my view

and sustain loving relationships with their chosen

differs from other scholars, such as Richard

Lord or Savior. If you read many conversion

Dawkins, who only use biological information

narratives or observe religious revival meetings,

to debunk religion. Religion can be detrimental

you can hardly avoid noticing this connection

to human well-being as Dawkins and others have

between religion and romantic love. It’s an

scientifically shown, but it is also the source of

obvious topic, yet it is also a controversial topic.

our imaginative thinking and spurs us to our

Because most scholars spend only two or three

loftiest thoughts and feelings.”

sentences describing this connection between

In the book’s conclusion, Fuller makes it

religion and sexuality, I am one of the first to

clear that a biological approach to religion does

develop this line of analysis in any detail.”

not have to be linked with disbelief. “Indeed, if

He continues, “Another important biological

we start from the standpoint that life is itself a

factor in religion is the role of emotion. It is

miracle,” Fuller says, “then religion is the way

not a question of whether emotion influences

we celebrate the sacredness of our physical,

religious thinking, but a question of which

worldly existence.”

Five of the 12 books written by Dr. Robert Fuller, Caterpillar Professor of Religious Studies, have been published by the Oxford University Press: Spirituality in the Flesh: Bodily Sources of Religious Experience. Oxford University Press, 2008. Wonder: From Emotion to Spirituality. University of North Carolina Press, 2006. Religious Revolutionaries. St. Martin’s/Palgrave, 2004. Spiritual, But Not Religious. Oxford University Press, 2001. Stairways to Heaven. Westview Press, 2000. Religion and Wine. University of Tennessee Press, 1996. Naming the Antichrist. Oxford University Press, 1995. Ecology of Care: An Interdisciplinary View of the Self and Moral Obligation. Westminster Press, 1992. Alternative Medicine and American Religious Life. Oxford University Press, 1989. Religion and the Life Cycle. Fortress Press, 1988. Americans and the Unconscious. Oxford University Press, 1986. Mesmerism and the American Cure of Souls. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1982.

emotions are most pronounced. My research

Bradley Works 2009

FirstPerson

Researcher explores eternal question

What makes love last?

duane zehr

–

Beginnings By Dr. David P. Schmitt, Caterpillar Professor of Psychology For more detailed findings of the ISDP and a list of Dr. Schmitt’s publications, please see bradley.edu/ bradleyworks/schmitt

As an undergraduate, I decided on a whim

men and women desired in potential sexual

to take a course on personality psychology.

partners, but that these differences were smaller

I was a physics major interested in predicting

within certain ethnicities, socioeconomic groups,

the behavior of satellites and comets, but once

and personality types.

I discovered one could legitimately use scientific measures and statistical tools to accurately

Researching relationships

predict the behavior of humans, I was hooked.

This curiosity in the psychology of personality

I eventually took several courses in personality

and romantic relationships carried over to my

and social psychology, writing term papers and

graduate education. As a graduate student, I

conducting small in-class studies on personality

helped conduct several studies of married couples

and behavior. One of my favorite term papers

and came to learn that certain personality traits

was, “Why is it that some couples do well

are more important than others in determining

together, whereas others drift apart after only a

what people desire in potential partners and

few months?” I reviewed evidence in that paper

whether or not a romantic relationship lasts.

showing the degree to which newlywed couples

For instance, highly disagreeable and neurotic

are similar in personality relates to whether

people are not preferred and tend to make bad

couples are satisfied with their relationships years

romantic partners, but if they are partnered with

later. In one research study, my classmates and

others who also are disagreeable and neurotic

I tested a theory regarding why we are attracted

a relationship can endure. Today, Match.com

to some people more than others, and why what

and eHarmony.com make claims about the

is considered attractive varies among people and

importance of “personal compatibility,” and

across cultures and socio-demographic statuses.

in fact some scientific evidence exists to back

I found that gender differences existed in what

such claims.

After arriving at Bradley University in the

ously administered surveys to college student

late 1990s, I developed several new measures of

and community samples across all nations.

people’s “sexual personalities” and investigated

We asked about people’s personality traits (e.g.,

whether certain sexual attitudes and behaviors

self-esteem: “Do you like yourself?”), sexual

also play important roles in romantic relation-

attitudes (e.g., sociosexuality: “Do you think

ship outcomes. In a study of 48 dating couples,

that casual sex is OK?”), and sexual behaviors

my students and I found that individuals who

(e.g., mate poaching: “Have you ever tried to

are disagreeable and extroverted tend to have

romantically attract someone who is already

permissive or “unrestricted” sociosexual

in a relationship with someone else?”). With

attitudes (i.e., they tend to feel positively toward

the help of over a dozen Bradley students, we

engaging in casual sex). Individuals who are

were able to combine all these responses into a

disagreeable, extroverted, and low in conscien-

usable dataset for addressing whether previous

tiousness are more likely to also be unfaithful

research findings replicate across cultures.

and to engage in acts of “mate poaching” (or

Across the ISDP, we found many results from

stealing another person’s romantic partner).

the USA replicated around the world. However,

These personality-relationship linkages are

it was the differences in findings across cultures

interesting because psychologists can use what is

that were most interesting. For example,

known about the developmental and physiologi-

although men were more likely to think that

cal origins of these traits to better understand the

casual sex is OK than women in every culture,

who, what, where, when, and how of romantic

the degree to which men and women differed

relationships going wrong.

depended on the sociopolitical gender equality

The International Sexuality Description Project

of the local culture. In more progressive or “gender-egalitarian” cultures (e.g., Finland), gender differences in sociosexuality were smaller.

I began collaborating with psychologists

In more traditional cultures (e.g., Botswana),

from Europe and Asia to see if the personality-

gender differences in sociosexuality were larger.

relationship linkages found in the USA would

We also found that self-esteem was linked to

replicate across cultures. Too often, research

sociosexuality differently for men and women,

from Western cultures is assumed to be

and differently across cultures among women.

“universal” without regard for the important

In the USA men who were positive toward casual

influences of culture. In 2000, I assembled a large

sex tend to have higher self-esteem, whereas

team of over 100 psychologists, sociologists,

women who were positive toward casual sex

biologists, and other researchers to study sexual

have slightly lower self-esteem. This is typical

attitudes and behaviors across cultures. This

of most cultures, but women from Eastern

team included researchers from 56 nations. I

European cultures who have positive attitudes

called this research the International Sexuality

toward casual sex have higher self-esteem.

Description Project (ISDP). Our main goal

My students and I have published several

was to investigate how culture, personality,

papers using this cross-cultural ISDP dataset,

and gender combine to influence sexual attitudes

including papers on self-esteem, sociosexuality,

and behaviors (e.g., why are some people

and mate poaching. I plan to continue such

dutifully monogamous, whereas others are

research, always with an eye on explaining the

rampantly unfaithful).

eternal question of why some relationships last

In the ISDP, my colleagues and I simultane-

and others do not.

Bradley Works 2009

Ancient tragedy transformed by new script and leading-edge technology

dramatic difference Bradley University’s production of Aeschylus’

leading-edge digital filming, rendering, and

trilogy The Oresteia, which took place Nov-

projection techniques to blend together different

ember 13–23, 2008, represents a magnificent

media to enhance the storytelling. In their

collaboration. In the Theatre Department,

directors’ notes, Brown and Ferolo write that a

faculty and students, under the guidance of

goal of this collaboration is to create “something

George Brown, professor of theatre arts and

that is part movie, part theatre, and part

department chair, spent well over a year rewrit-

Internet, but completely engaging.”

ing the text of this ancient Greek tragedy, which

In Bradley’s Oresteia, the convergence of

was first performed in 458 B.C. Their goal was

multimedia and theatre and the attempt to make

to make the play, which begins with the murder

the drama relevant for a contemporary audience

of Agamemnon by his wife as he returns

create many effects that contribute to an

heroically from the Trojan War, understandable

anti-illusive performance. Instead of creating

and relevant to an audience of contemporary

an illusion and drawing the audience into the

college students who have little background

performance completely, anti-illusive techniques

in Greek history or theatre.

continually remind the audience that they are

As they planned how to bring their script

By Laura McGowan

viewing a theatrical performance, not reality.

to the stage, they collaborated with a large team

In this way, Bradley’s production has some roots

of faculty and students from the Multimedia

in Bertold Brecht’s concept of the “epic theatre.”

Program, directed by James Ferolo, associate

Brown and Ferolo state that they used many

professor of multimedia. They wanted to use

techniques to contribute to what Brecht called

duane zehr

the alienation effect. “You keep the audience on

Though beautiful, the odes are dense with

the edge of their seat, not knowing what is going

references that are difficult for a modern

to happen next.” For example, Brecht would use

audience to understand. “If you didn’t have the

minimal props or interrupt the action with song

footnotes, you could not read the odes today,”

or poetry. According to Brown and Ferolo,

Brown says. So, the team kept returning to the

such techniques can encourage the audience

question: “if it doesn’t have relevance for current

to contemplate the action of the play within a

students, what is it saying?” They “kept going

social context and to approach the performance

back to ‘what is the play saying about justice?’”

intellectually as well as emotionally. Justice is the

They wanted the audience to consider this

central theme and question of The Oresteia—and

central concept for themselves.

this production challenges the audience to face

They achieved this by having actors planted

that question head on, to determine what justice

in the audience, taking on roles of contemporary

means not only for the characters in the play,

college students. They interrupted—and com-

but in their own lives.

mented upon—the action frequently. They debated

In rewriting the play for a contemporary

the concept of justice within the play and within

audience, the team had to find a way to deal

their own lives. Like the ancient chorus, they

with many traditional features of Greek theatre,

became the ideal spectators, relating the action

such as the chorus. Aeschylus’ Oresteia features

on the stage to their own experiences.

beautifully poetic choral odes, many of which the

Another convention of ancient Greek theatre

chorus would have sung during the performance.

that the production revised was deux ex machina—

ABOVE: The furies that torment Orestes (Justin Verstraete) appear as green electrical impulses with a human form, seeming more like subconscious forces than the gods of the ancient theatre. LEFT: In ancient Greek theatre, gods were lowered to the stage in baskets. In Bradley’s production of The Oresteia, Athena (Alison Farajpanahi) is a beautiful and powerful digital image projected larger than life above the stage.

Bradley Works 2009

end, Athena, the goddess of wisdom and justice, appears and proclaims Orestes’ innocence. To mortals, a verdict was unknowable, but a goddess could descend and pronounce a judgment and end Orestes’ anguish. In Bradley’s rewriting of the play, people, not a god, must decide the verdict. Athena presides over a trial, right out of the television drama Law and Order, but the actors, and, ultimately, the audience, must come to their own decision about whether Orestes is guilty or innocent. Bradley’s production then contains a distinct irony: the “machine” has been perfected. Apollo and Athena are not lowered to the stage by means of awkward wires and baskets. They are powerful, engaging digital images projected onto the stage. But in losing their clumsy trappings, Emily Deichstetter

they have also lost some of their power. A civilization that can create virtual worlds, that can create a convincing image of a god that is both frightening and beautiful, cannot rely on supernatural intervention to solve its problems. Such intervention cannot replace our need to The furies (see photo page 19) began as actors dancing with scarves on green screen. This footage was then transformed by specialized software to create the electrical furies that tormented Orestes on the stage.

the god from the machine. In Aeschylus’ performances, this would have been an actor,

In Aeschylus’ production of The Oresteia,

playing the role of a god—Apollo, Zeus, or

the furies, the forces that torment Orestes, would

Athena—who would descend onto the stage,

have been gods portrayed by actors. In Bradley’s

often suspended by wires, to create a resolution

production, the furies become green electrical

to an otherwise unsolvable dilemma.

impulses dancing around Orestes. Their creation

In The Oresteia, for example, the other

beautifully shows the strength of the convergence

characters, and even some of the gods, cannot

of multimedia and theatre. Dancers with scarves

determine Orestes’ guilt or innocence. They

were filmed using choreographed moves. So the

know he killed his mother to avenge his

furies’ movements are natural and human. Ferolo

father’s death. But they also know the story is

says that in the filming of the furies, “we tracked

complicated. His mother, Clytemnestra, kills

their physical motions in the studio and then

Agamemnon because he sacrificed their daughter,

morphed those images through a program called

Iphigenia, before leaving for the Trojan War.

particleIllusion.” This software can process video

The gods, however, had ordered Agamemnon

images through various filters. In this case, the

to slay Iphigenia in return for calm seas and

video of the dancers was processed through a

strength in battle. Additionally, Apollo urged

filter that creates an electrical effect. These

Orestes to kill his mother.

21st-century furies are not gods, but represent

Wandering and tormented by “furies,” Orestes begs for a resolution. At the trilogy’s

become intellectually engaged in issues.

guilt or subconscious forces, something much more understandable to a contemporary viewer.

Because of the difficulty of making this ancient text relevant for current students, rewriting the script took much longer than the collaborators had planned. This left less time to develop the multimedia aspects of the production. According to Brown and Ferolo, “the amount of technology we planned for was much more than ultimately hit the stage. There was no space for it. No time to have it fully developed into the play.” For example, Brown and Ferolo wanted to use three-dimensional projections in the performance. They have since worked out the technical issues

The Oresteia Adapted from the work of Aeschylus by Sean Capistrant, Sarah Duncan, Lisa Huberman, Nicholas Myers, Lauren Rapciak, Allison Reinke,

and plan to go ahead and shoot a segment of the

Benjamin Scarbrough, and Jessica Veverka

play in 3-D to take to conferences and use as a

With

lab test. They hope to be able to integrate the technique into a future theatrical production. Another technique they wanted to use, but

Becki Arnold, Erich Keil, Doug Rosson, Jim Ferolo, and George H. Brown

had to abandon because of the cost of the required projectors, was to fill the whole stage and blanket the audience with video projections. “We wanted the projection to be wall to wall

Co-Directors George H. Brown and Jim Ferolo

and floor to ceiling. In the front row they

Scenic & Sound Designer

experienced the sense of being in the video—

Erich R. Keil

and we wanted that experience for everyone in the audience.” When they were planning for their 2007 production of The Adding Machine, which also

Costume Designer Jessi Veverka

combined theatre and multimedia, they had

Lighting Designer

hoped to use text messaging to send comments

Anna Bravova

about the play to the audience members’ cell phones. Since the technology to do this has

Hair/Makeup Designer

evolved in the past two years, they were able to

Riannah Pouncy

recycle the idea for The Oresteia. The messages

Puppet Designer

commented on the action taking place on the stage. Again, these messages helped force viewers

Dani Keil

to not get drawn into the illusion, but to consider

Dramaturg / Script Supervisor

the action in the context of their own lives. Appropriately, the final text message stated: “The play is over. The real world awaits.” Find out more about the many people who collaborated on The Oresteia, and how they

Doug Rosson

Stage Manager Michael C. Dutton

created special effects, in their online production journal at oresteia.bradley.edu.

Bradley Works 2009

The image of New York’s World Trade Center

burning in September 2001 is a scene that will

be etched in countless people’s minds for the rest of their lives. Dr. Souhail Elhouar also recalls the scene; however, his thoughts have been channeled into fire research he hopes may one day help save lives. A Bradley University associate professor of civil engineering whose area of expertise is analysis and design of steel structures, Elhouar says, “Based on all of the investigations, the fire is what brought those buildings down. They were still intact after the airplanes’ impact, but the heat of the fires brought them down.” Elhouar says, “Fire makes steel soft. It makes it lose stiffness quickly so it becomes a very soft material that deforms extensively. You’ll see it buckle and deform in a fire.” An expert in computer simulation, computer programming, and developing software that can be used to solve civil engineering problems, especially in the structural engineering area, Elhouar partnered with civil engineering graduate student Brandon Diffenderfer to conduct research in 2006 after receiving a

background photo: Dr. souhail elhouar

duane zehr

Graduate Research Assistantship Program

Dr. Souhail Elhouar uses a part of a truss from the razed Robertson Memorial Field House to show his interest in structural steel research. Background: The remains of a textile plant in Sousse, Tunisia, illustrate how fire causes steel to deform.

Award. Their research simulates the behavior of steel structures under the effect of fire using a 2-D computer-based frame model in Excel. After this initial research was completed, Elhouar received a Caterpillar Fellowship to fund the 3-D fire simulation model’s development. “One of the things that struck me was that there was no real software that can be used now

By Danise Jones

by design engineers to simulate the behavior

make it stand longer so the fire department can

of structures when they are subjected to fire,”

have enough time to evacuate everybody.”

Elhouar states. “We have to wait until there is

Discussing his collaboration with Diffenderfer,

a fire, see how the structure behaves, and try to

Elhouar states research can be more valuable

explain it. I asked, could we develop software

when the professor and student work together.

that we can use as a tool after we design a

A student comes at it with a new approach,

building to simulate its likely behavior under

whereas a teacher’s knowledge can sometimes

some fire conditions?”

be restrictive. “Students have more freedom in

Research like his has not been done because

the way they think. Collaboration is a good way

“It’s a very complex problem and still has lots

for students to learn and faculty to improve. The

of unknowns, especially if you have an act that

beautiful thing about research is you venture into

is premeditated to do damage and is not an act

places where even the professor is learning. You

of nature. That is really why it’s research at

learn a lot and the student learns a lot. It is also

its infancy.”

one of the few opportunities for students to see

The complexity added momentum to Elhouar’s desire to conduct the research. “We said, ‘well

their professors in problem-solving action.” Elhouar says that Diffenderfer “was very

it’s about time to start.’ We may not have the

responsive and attacked a difficult problem.

exact answers right away, but even if we make

He addressed problems that were not specific

one step toward it, we’ll make a contribution.”

to civil engineering, but he was willing to learn.”

Through his simulation, Elhouar hopes

After completing his 3-D model, Elhouar

improvements and corrections can be made

hopes to prepare a funding proposal, hire

before structures are built. “After it’s designed,

additional students, and verify the models

they can run it through the simulator and check

at a place prepped for fire research.

what kind of hazards would be associated with

“If you think of the possibilities, it is just

a fire set here or there; how it might affect the

mindboggling.” The constant introduction of

structure and everything else. That knowledge

new construction materials and methods will

can improve the design and safety before it is

keep the research continuous.

built, instead of investigating what had happened after the fact and trying to figure it out.” His research will also help designers know

His goal for the future is that when some structures are designed they will be required to use software like he is developing, “especially

if a fire in any location will take a structure

structures that are very public in nature where

down and how long it will take before it falls.

the fire hazard can be extremely costly in life.”

“By knowing that information, we can consider changes we can make to the structure that will

Bradley Works 2009

By Danise Jones

Fueling the future

Experts say “no silver bullet” exists for energy crisis facing US. Midwest Energy Solutions report heads to Congress.

Turn on the television, open the newspaper, or

these energy sources into our national energy

go online any day of the week and you’re bound

program,” Brad McMillan, IPL director, said.

to get inundated with news about the nation’s and world’s energy crisis. Eager to help the region play a critical role Brad McMillan Director of Institute for Principled Leadership

Ray LaHood US Secretary of Transportation

more dramatically affect the future prosperity and development in the United States than

in reshaping the national energy strategy, the

the supply of energy,” said Dr. John Engdahl,

Institute for Principled Leadership in Public

Bradley University Donald V. Fites Chair of

Service at Bradley University delved into this hot

Engineering and Technology, as he set the stage

issue at its Midwest Energy Solutions symposium

for the daylong event by providing background

on October 28, 2008. Held at the Peoria Civic

information on the energy crisis with fellow

Center, the conference included speakers

Bradley faculty member and Department of

representing the full gamut of alternative and

Economics Chair Dr. Robert Scott. Examining

renewable energy sources as well as leaders from

the energy issue is nothing new for Engdahl

varied organizations and the government, such

and Scott, who address the topic routinely in

as retired Illinois Congressman and current US

Economics and Technology of Energy, a class

Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood, a

offered in mechanical engineering and econom-

Bradley alumnus.

ics. They jointly teach the class, Scott said,

“The symposium brought together experts

“because we realize the importance of combining

who focused on Midwest energy sources and

business and public policy together with

emerging technologies that can help relieve

technological understanding.”

America’s reliance on foreign oil and looked

“I don’t think there is a single issue that will

Explaining how the energy crisis developed

at what specific public policy changes needed to

over time in this industrial nation is not difficult,

happen in the next Congress in order to advance

Scott said, as he related that population and

income growth affect usage. “Income drives

best in remote places that do not have many

consumption. Consumption drives energy use.”

high-powered lines. In Texas, he said, it cost

World energy demand is also increasing because

an estimated $4 million per mile to install the

of the growth of income in Brazil, India, Russia,

necessary power lines.

and China. McMillan stressed that the solution needs

Scott also commented that the United States has not built a new oil refinery in around 30

to be comprehensive. “There really is no silver

years. “We’ve had an interesting little race

bullet. It needs to be thoughtful. We need to

between demand for gasoline in the United States

look at a lot of different energy sources, our

and technology. Technology has actually been

own country’s energy sources, in order to

stretching the capacity of these refineries a few

reshape our national energy strategy.”

percent each year—year in and year out—to

LaHood also stressed the need for a comprehensive solution. “It’s not just drilling; that’s a

make it possible for us to keep pace with this.” Getting any new energy initiative passed in

piece of it. It’s not just biofuels; that’s a piece

Congress, however, will be a challenge, according

of it. It’s hydrogen. It’s electric. It’s nuclear. It’s

to LaHood. “Congress does two things very well:

wind. It’s solar. It’s cap and trade. Part of it has

nothing and overreacting. It’s absolutely the way

to be the automobile industries and the last

it works. It’s the way the founders wanted it to

part of it has to be us.”

work.” LaHood explained that it took 10 years and

Engdahl said that another problem the United States faces is the need to improve old infrastructure and develop new infrastructure.

a lot of hard work from many groups to get ethanol to be the renewable fuel of choice in the country. new president would have 18 months to tackle

Each form of energy requires a means to store

his most important three to five issues. Although

and deliver it where and when it’s needed.

one of the “big things” in LaHood’s mind was the

The total cost and efficiency of the system

energy crisis, the two others are tightly interwoven

must include both the cost of production and

with energy: the economy and the relationship of

the cost of the infrastructure for delivery, where

the United States with other countries.

Scott stressed, “The cost of doing these

Dr. Robert Scott Department of Economics Chair

During the event, LaHood stressed that the

“It’s going to mean a large infrastructure change.

cost refers to both financial and energy costs.”

Dr. John Engdahl Donald V. Fites Chair of Engineering and Technology

As a result of IPL’s conference, McMillan said, “The Institute is preparing a report to the

things is huge.” According to the professor,

National Science Foundation on the symposium’s

the cost of developing one natural gas pipeline

findings and recommendations that will make its

in Alaska is $50 billion. “We throw that word a

way to the 111th Congress as they look to map

billion around pretty loosely,” Scott said, “and

out a new comprehensive energy strategy for

that’s one natural gas pipeline. Imagine what we’d

our country.”

have to spend to upgrade a natural gas system to be able to do something that can double the production of natural gas. It will not be cheap.” Another popular alternative is wind, but it can also be a costly venture, Scott stated. The highpowered lines are not cheap to install and wind usually blows

Bradley Works 2009

A Tornado Watch. Katherine Liontas-Warren, Lawton, Oklahoma; pastel on paper.

Drawing inspiration Bradley International showcases eclectic work of 120 national and international artists By Danise Jones

Fruit, skulls, landscapes, birds, and individuals

Hartmann Center Art Gallery; the Peoria Art

are just a few of the varied subjects featured in

Guild; and the Contemporary Arts Center.

the 126 pieces in the 32nd Bradley International Print and Drawing Exhibition—the nation’s

Lynwood Kreneck, professor emeritus of art

second longest-running juried print and

at Texas Tech University.

drawing show.

Serving as juror for this year’s exhibition is

Kreneck was assigned the enormous task of

Showcased in four venues, the biannual

narrowing the 1,700 original entries submitted

exhibition will run from March 6–April 17

by 600 national and international artists to the

at Bradley University’s Heuser Art Center and

final 126 works by 120 artists. Among the

selected artists are three Bradley alums:

before the juror. Such a format encourages

Jane Ryder—“Kink Back Falls”; James Ehlers—

the discovery of emerging artists—giving them

“Losing the Grasp of Chaos”; and Chris

the opportunity to show alongside more

Troutman—“Street Sounds.”

established ones.”

“As the juror for the 32nd Bradley exhibition,

In reference to the exhibition’s overall value,

I came to the entries with an open mind,”

Kreneck comments, “Hopefully, pieces in this

Kreneck says. “I made no formal attempt to

show will also provide some special insight for

categorize the nature of the show by theme. I worked with what was given me. I simply looked for what I felt to be outstanding works among those submitted by the artists. “In that respect, my taste is very broad,” he continues. “I appreciate many different aesthetic approaches and a wide variety of technical means for making art. Overall, I was impressed with the large number of entries I perceived as being well-conceived, well-executed, thoughtprovoking images. The exhibition I chose includes examples representing a variety of methods, materials, and artistic directions.” Elizabeth Kauffman, director of galleries, exhibitions, and collections at Bradley, agrees with Kreneck about the juror’s exhibition choices. “He really selected a wide range of materials—subject matter and content. There’s really not any one singular message in the show, which makes it very interesting.” Kreneck speaks highly of the Bradley International and BU. “Bradley University and those Art Department faculty and staff who work so hard to make the Bradley International Print and Drawing Exhibition a reality are to be commended. The shows have been a treasure of information and inspiration for their students and the community. Through the catalog and the Internet, the exhibition extends its influence to a much larger audience. I consider competitive shows to be the most democratic of exhibition opportunities. All may enter and all works go

La Trilogia Romanica: Un Diario Di Viaggio Con Le Alidel Suo Cuore. Teresa Pankratz, Chicago, Illinois; intaglio, laser. No Way Out. Art Werger, Athens, Ohio; etching. Bradley Works 2009

the viewer, which will reflect the need, the drive,

its safety. He is the inventor of the ‘No Print’

or the joy of the artists in creating the art. That’s

process. This is an extension of Kreneck’s

the reason artists get up in the morning and why

innovations in water-based screenprinting.

you will find them in their studios well into

He has been working with health and

the night.”

environmental issues for printmaking for

Kauffman adds that participation in the exhibition is special for visitors because “it captures a moment in time of contemporary

much of his career, putting him way ahead of the curve in this regard.” Kreneck, a printmaking professor at Texas

printmaking. All of the work is from the last

Tech for almost 40 years, was the founding

three years or newer, so it’s very current. They’re

curator of the exhibition series Colorprint

able to come to one exhibit and see this wide

USA, which has exhibited a “Who’s Who” of

array, and see what’s going on in printmaking

printmaking since it began in the late 1960s.

right now. They will be exposed to artists they

Kreneck’s career includes more than 150 national

may not see in any other way.”

and international exhibitions, and his works are

Not only does selection into this exhibition

in many private and public collections, including

enhance artists’ resumes, it also enables them

the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Royal

to compare their work to other printmakers,

Museum of Art, Antwerp, and the Stedelijke

comments Kauffman. “They see how they

Musea, Belgium.

match up to other artists across the country

Kreneck earned his bachelor of fine arts and

and internationally; and they see their artwork

master of fine arts from The University of Texas

paired up with other artwork that they might not

at Austin.

see in any other place or other context. I think

“We are lucky to have a juror of this magni-

you look at your own artwork differently

tude for this year’s Bradley International Print

when it’s in different places.”

and Drawing Exhibition,” says Gillespie.

Kauffman states, “Art students really get to see what professionals in their field are doing right now. It gives them an opportunity to compare the artwork they’re making in their classes to what’s going on with professionals in the art world.” Bradley’s resident printmaker Oscar Gillespie says, “I chose Kreneck as this year’s juror because of his high stature and reputation as a printmaker, educator, and curator/organizer of printmaking exhibitions. I also chose him lynwood kreneck

because he is a wonderful speaker on the history and issues surrounding prints. His public speaking has the flavor of the best Southern storytelling tradition.” Gillespie also says, “Kreneck was instrumental in the development of water-based screenprint inks and methods, which have revolutionized screenprinting by artists and greatly enhanced

Lynwood Kreneck, Texas Tech University professor emeritus of art, served as the juror for the 32nd Bradley International Print and Drawing Exhibition.

Street Sounds. Christopher Troutman, Richmond, Kentucky; charcoal on paper. Troutman graduated from Bradley in 2003. Bradley Works 2009

In Print Private lives, public history New poems by the Illinois Poet Laureate Stein, Kevin, Caterpillar Professor of English. Sufficiency of the Actual. Champaign, IL: University

of Illinois Press, 2009. In Sufficiency of the Actual, Illinois Poet Laureate Kevin Stein’s poems cover the intersection of private lives and larger public history. The poems range from formal to experimental, from improvisational to narrative, and from silly to forlorn. They muse on the Slinky and atomic bomb and reflect on night-shift factory work and President Eisenhower’s golf caddy. Ultimately, they showcase American characters seeking balance in their world. “Many of Kevin Stein’s poems hinge personal to social history, opening the private to the public and examining what connects and disconnects us. It’s as if he wants to reside where the self meets the group, and discover there some sense of responsibility, of causal involvement with the world. He uses the focused moment of poetry to show how one life can speak to the condition of a country and asks that we look critically at our involvement in the society we have made. This is a compelling and large-minded book.” —Bob Hicok, poet and associate professor of English, Virginia Tech

Had I freed the one-legged cricket twitching in the roses’ spider-webbed twilight, I’d become Patron Saint of One-Legged Crickets Twitching in Spider-Webbed Twilight. I’d be Saint of Cracked Song, Patron of the Incomplete and Longing. But then, saintly though I might be, the spider goes hungry.

Then he undid the undoing, cobbling five guitars into one he dubbed “Frankenstein,” whose name my friend Frank and I shared with it and, well, with Wollstonecraft’s romantic sci-fi tragic victim hero. Together, we made a creature the smarty pants party drunks called “Frank-and-Stein” from the keg-drenched kitchen.

Anyway, there’s already a multitude, patrons of the broken web, unrisen bread, lost keys—so many, this book says, their duties overlap, say, Patron Saint of Fractions. (See Incomplete and Longing.) That’s who The Who prayed to, trashing instruments as “Pop Art Auto Destruction,” this, Pete Townsend’s phrase,

Aren’t we all cobbled of pieces, glued and screwed and strung together, ready to snap? Are we instruments some huge hand plucks? Are we the roses or a cricket’s cracked song? And redemption?—in the end Entwistle’s estate auctioned “Frankenstein” for a cool $100,000.

his name a line and demarcation. The young like to break things, even themselves. The young like a summer drum you put your foot through: thump worship. John Entwistle, The Who’s bassist, stored all his parts in a wooden coffin box, until middle-age donned its knee-high socks.

Frank did ten years in the county orphanage. (See Incomplete and Longing.) His mother remarried a furnace whose pilot wouldn’t stay lit. You’ve heard about the stutterer who falling from a ladder is cured of his affliction but made suddenly blind. What he no longer sees he sings about instead.

duane zehr

Sufficiency of the Actual

Accounting Fink, R., J. Gillett, and A.J. Saatkamp. “Secret Treasurer.” Industrial Engineer 40, no. 7 (2008): 40–44. Kerr, Stephen. “Preparing for Carbon Credits.” Management 82, no. 7 (November 2008): 37–39.

———. “Accounting Policy and Carbon Credits.” Journal of Applied Business Research 8, no. 8 (August 2008): 77–88. ———. “Responsible Accounting for St. Jaochim’s.” Journal of Business Case Studies 4, no. 11 (November 2008): 35–47. ———. “Service Science and Accounting.” Journal of Service Science 1, no. 2 (November 2008): 17–26. Petravick, Gail, and Simon Petravick. “Identity Theft: Current Trends in Litigation and Risk Management.” The Practical Lawyer 54, no. 4 (August 2008): 53–61. Petravick, Simon. “Understanding Litigation Risks Associated with Identity Theft.” The CPA Journal 78, no. 10 (October 2008): 66.

Art Brammeier, Heather. 61st Juried Exhibition, group exhibition. Sioux City Art Center, Sioux City, IA (December 13, 2008–February 15, 2009).

———. Annual Members’ Show, juried exhibition. Woman Made Gallery, Chicago, IL (August 1–28, 2008). ———. Fluidity, solo exhibition. Clara M. Eagle Gallery, Murray State University, Murray, KY (August 22–September 28, 2008). ———. In Between, Around, and Beyond, solo exhibition. Atrium Gallery, LaGuardia Community College, Long Island City, NY (August 5–September 30, 2008). ———. It’s Gouache and Gouache Only, group exhibition. Curated by Geoffrey Young at Jeff Bailey Gallery, New York, NY (February 15–March 15, 2008).

———. Re.action, juried group exhibition. AnnMarie Garden Sculpture Park and Arts Center, Solomons, MD (May–August 2008). Carlson, Randall. Southern Illinois Artists Open Competition and Exhibit, juried exhibition. Cedarhurst Center for the Arts, Mount Vernon, IL (August–October 2008). Gillespie, Oscar. Artspace National Photography and Printmaking 2008 Exhibition, juried group exhibition. Artspace Gallery, Richmond, VA (2008).

———. Tenth Anniversary Odyssey Sculpture Show, curated exhibition. Purdue North Central University, Westville, IN (October 2008–October 2009).

Biology Cheng, X., M.E. McAsey, M. Li, S. Randall, C. Cady, B.P. Nathan, and R.G. Struble. “Estradiol Replacement Increases the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Related Protein (LRP) in the Mouse Brain.” Neuroscience Letters 417, no. 1 (2007): 50–54.

———. Hardwired for Pattern Portfolio Exhibition, juried group exhibition. Southern Graphics Council Conference, Richmond, VA (2008). ———. Varied Voices Portfolio Exhibition, curated group exhibition. Werby Gallery, California State University, Long Beach, CA (2008). ———. Vitamin I Portfolio Exhibition, curated group exhibition. Southern Graphics Council Conference, Richmond, VA (2008). Krainak, Paul. “Essay” in On the Margins. St. Louis: Washington University Press, 2008.

———. “Render Unto Cedars” in Pittsburgh Center for the Arts Artist of the Year Susanne Slavick, solo exhibition catalog. Pittsburgh, PA: Pittsburgh Center for the Arts, 2008. ———. “Essay” in Carmon Colangelo: Big Bang to Big Melt, solo exhibition catalog. St. Louis, MO: Bruno David Gallery, 2008. Rowe, Robert, Gary Will, and Harold Linton. Graphic Design Portfolio Strategies for Print and Digital Media. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2009. See page 37. Stolz, Fisher. Renew, React, curated exhibition. Krasl Art Center, St. Joseph, MI (August 2008–August 2009).

Brammeier, Heather. Through, View, and Nest. Oil on canvas

Dermody, Orla, Stephen P. Long, Kelly McConnaughay, and Evan H. DeLucia. “How Do Elevated CO2 and O3 Affect the Interception and Utilization of Radiation by a Soybean Canopy? Global Change Biology 14, no. 3 (2008): 556–564. Edgcomb, M., S.L. Britner, K. McConnaughay, and R. Wolffe. “Science 101: An Integrated, InquiryOriented Science Course for Education Majors.” Journal of College Science Teaching 38, no. 1 (2008): 22–27.

McIntosh, D., M. Cunningham, B. Ji, F.A. Fekete, E.M. Parry, S.E. Clark, Z.B. Zalinger, I.C. Gilg, G.R. Danner, K.A. Johnson, M. Beattie, and R. Ritchie. “Transferable, Multiple Antibiotic and Mercury Resistance in Atlantic Canadian

Bradley Works 2009

In Print Isolates of Aeromonas Salmonicida Subsp. Salmonicida Is Associated with Carriage of an IncA/C Plasmid Similar to the Salmonella Enterica Plasmid pSN254.” Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 61, no. 6: 1221–1228. Stabenau, E.K., A. Sasser, and C. Schulte. “The Effects of Pyrene Exposure on Exercise Performance, Muscle Contraction, and Mitochondrial O2 Consumption in the Leopard Frog (rana pipiens).” Journal of Environmental Science and Health—Part A Toxic/ Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering 43, no. 6 (2008): 576–583.

Struble, R.G., B.P. Nathan, C. Cady, X. Cheng, and M. McAsey. “Estradiol Regulation of Astroglia and Apolipoprotein E: An Important Role in Neuronal Regeneration.” Experimental Gerontology 42, no. 1–2 (2007): 54–63.

Business Management and Administration Fink, R., J. Gillett, and A.J. Saatkamp. “Secret Treasurer.” Industrial Engineer 40, no. 7 (2008): 40–44.

Marcum, Tanya, and Elizabeth A. Campbell. “Peer Review in Employment Disputes: An Employee Right or an Employee Wrong?” Journal of Workplace Rights 13, no. 1 (2008): 41–58. McGowan, M.K., P. Stephens, C. Stoner, and J. Robin. “Unintended Consequences: IT’s Disruption of Work-Life Balance.” Issues in Information Systems 8, no. 1 (2007): 179–184. Perry, Sandra, J.D., and Tanya M. Marcum, J.D. “Liability for School Sexual Harassment Under Title IX: How the Courts are Failing Our Children.” University of La Verne Law Review 30 (November 2008).

Chemistry and Biochemistry Andersh, B., J. Gereg, M. Amanuel, and C. Stanley. “Preparation of 5-aryl-3oxo-δ-lactones by the Potassium Carbonate-Promoted Condensation of Aromatic Aldehydes and Ethyl Acetoacetate in Ethanol.” Synthetic Communications 38, no. 4 (2008): 482–488. Andersh, B., K.N. Kilby, M.E. Turnis, and D.L. Murphy. “Regioselectivity in Organic Synthesis: Preparation of the Bromohydrin of α-methylstyrene.” Journal of Chemical Education 85, no. 1 (2008): 102–103.

Bush, B., J.H. Craig Jr., K.R. Roos, J. Lozano, and K.W. Field. “UPS of Multilayer Nitrogen-Bearing Compounds on the Si(100) Surface.” Surface and Interface Analysis 40, no. 5 (March 5, 2008): 927–930. Cobley, C.M., D.J. Campbell, and Y. Xia. “Tailoring the Optical and Catalytic Properties of Gold-Silver Nanoboxes and Nanocages by Introducing Palladium.” Advanced Materials 20, no. 4 (2008): 748–752. Formo, E., E. Lee, D. Campbell, and Y. Xia. “Functionalization of Electrospun TiO2 Nanofibers with PT Nanoparticles and Nanowires for Catalytic Applications.” Nano Letters 8, no. 2 (2008): 668–672. Lewis Liu, Z., J. Moon, B.J. Andersh, P.J. Slininger, and S. Weber. “Multiple Gene-Mediated NAD(P)H-Dependent Aldehyde Reduction is a Mechanism of in situ Detoxification of Furfural and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural by Saccharomyces Cerevisiae.” Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (2008): 743–753. Schnupf, Udo, Julious L. Willett, Wayne B. Bosma, and Frank A. Momany. “DFT Conformational Studies of α-Maltotriose.” Journal of Computational Chemistry 29, no. 7 (2008): 1103–1112.

Fuller, Robert C., Caterpillar Professor of Religious Studies. Spirituality in the Flesh: Bodily Sources of Religious Experience. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2008. In Spirituality in the Flesh, Robert C. Fuller discusses how studying the body and DNA can help answer even the deepest spiritual questions. While using the latest biological research to highlight religious beliefs and practices, Fuller examines topics such as apocalypticism, nature religion, Native American Peyotism, and the sexual experimentalism of 19th-century communal societies. In each of these cases, he seeks the middle road between discussions from both scientists and humanists. By joining together his expertise of religious phenomena and the “unprecedented understanding of bodily states,” Fuller explores the biological study of religion. Through scientific observations, historical allusions, and literary references, the book offers a glimpse at the biology of religion and opens up a whole new world of looking at and understanding human religion. Dean Hamer, molecular biologist and author of the God Gene: How Faith is Hardwired into Our Genes, wrote, “This is a detailed, yet fast-moving exploration of what science can, and cannot, tell us about the role of biology in spirituality. Ironically, even as Americans are becoming increasingly religious, scientists are discovering more and more about the brain systems and genes that underlie our beliefs. The strength of this book is that it will be equally appealing to devout believers and atheists alike.”

Civil Engineering and Construction Frenkel, V.S., G. Cummings, D.E. Scannell, W.Z. Tang, and K.Y. Maillacheruvu. “Food-Processing Wastes.” Water Environment Research 80, no. 10 (2008): 1458–1480. Hindi, R., and W. Turechek. “Experimental Behavior of Circular Concrete Columns Under Reversed Cyclic Loading.” Construction and Building Materials 22, no. 4 (2008): 684–693.

McAvoy, Deborah S., Kerrie Lynn Schattler, and Tapan K. Datta. “Driving Simulator Validation for Nighttime Construction Work Zone Devices.” Transportation Research Record: Journal for the Transportation Research Board No. 2015 (2007): 55–63. Maillacheruvu, K., and O. Fayyaz. “Removal of Heavy Metals from Synthetic Leachate Using a Biologically Generated Electric Field.” Journal of Environmental Science and Health—Part A Toxic/ Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering 42, no. 2 (2007): 205–215.

Nehdi, M., H. El Chabib, and A. Aly Saïd. “Proposed Shear Design Equations for FRP-Reinforced Concrete Beams Based on Genetic Algorithms Approach.” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 19, no. 12 (2007): 1033–1042. Omeman, Z., M. Nehdi, and H. El-Chabib. “Experimental Study on Shear Behavior of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforced Concrete Short Beams without Web Reinforcement.” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 35, no. 1 (2008): 1–10. Schattler, Kerrie Lynn, Joseph G. Wakim, Tapan K. Datta, and Deborah S. McAvoy. “Evaluation of Pedestrian and Driver Behaviors at Countdown Pedestrian Signals in Peoria, Illinois.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board No. 2002 (2007): 98–106.

Lurking at the edges of our imagination, in the darkened corners of our childish nightmares and in the shadowy forests that border our towns and villages, the figure of the werewolf in popular culture still conjures up frightening images of violence and bestiality. —from the Introduction Sconduto, Leslie A., associate professor of French. Metamorphoses of the Werewolf: A Literary Study from Antiquity through the Renaissance. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2008. In Metamorphoses of the Werewolf: A Literary Study from Antiquity through the Renaissance, Leslie A. Sconduto looks at the mythical werewolf from a literaryhistorical perspective. Known for its full moon transformation, the werewolf also changed in the narrative sense—“from bloodthirsty creature to hero.” Taking the reader through history, Sconduto explores the werewolf beginning with The Epic of Gilgamesh, Ovid’s Metamorphoses, and an account in Petronius’ Satyricon. Through her look at these books, she explores the image of the werewolf as a “savage beast.” Sconduto also examines the Catholic Church’s response to the popular belief in werewolves and medieval literature’s sympathetic depiction of the creature as a victim. These topics support the idea of this complex and varied cultural symbol.

Bradley Works 2009

In Print Communication Banning, S.A., and M. Schoen. “Maximizing Public Relations with the Organization-Public Relationship Scale: Measuring a Public’s Perception of an Art Museum.” Public Relations Review 33, no. 4 (2007): 437–439. Bashri, Maha. The Opinion and Other Opinion: Al-Jazeera’s Agenda Setting Function in the Arab Islamic World. Germany: VDM Publishing House Ltd., 2008.

Broadfoot, K.J., D. Carlone, C.E. Medved, M. Aakhus, E. Gabor, and K. Taylor. “Meaningful Work and Organizational Communication: Questioning Boundaries, Positionalities and Engagements.” Management Communication Quarterly 22 (2008): 152–161. Golan, G.J., and S.A. Banning. “Exploring a Link Between the Third-Person Effect and the Theory of Reasoned Action: Beneficial Ads and Social Expectations.” American Behavioral Scientist 52, no. 2 (2008): 208–224. Golan, G.J., S.A. Banning, and L. Lundy. “Likelihood to Vote, Candidate Choice, and the Third-Person Effect: Behavioral Implications of Political Advertising in the 2004 Presidential Election.” American Behavioral Scientist 52, no. 2 (2008): 278–290. Gullifor, Paul, and Michael Thurwanger. “Localism and All Sports Radio.” Journal of Radio and Audio Media 15, no. 2 (2008): 209–215. Lennie, Dave, editor. Stand by Rascal Flatts. Music video aired on St. Jude Telethon (August 2008). Young, M.L. “A Handbook on Bears.” Qualitative Inquiry 14, no. 6 (2008): 999–1009.

———. “Death Comes.” Qualitative Inquiry 14, no. 6 (2008): 990–998. ———. “Petit Narratives.” Qualitative Inquiry 14, no. 6 (2008): 1010–1018.

Cantu, D. Antonio, professor of education, and Wilson J. Warren, editors. History Education 101: The Past, Present, and Future of Teacher Preparation. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing, Inc., 2008. In History Education 101: The Past, Present, and Future of Teacher Preparation, the authors define the importance of history teacher preparation. Professional historians are increasingly committed to improving the teaching of history at the K–12 level through many forms of collaboration. This interest has increased significantly during the past two decades, particularly since the controversy over the publication of the National Standards for History. Historians and teacher educators nationwide are now engaged in discussions about the importance of history teacher preparation. This attention is evident not only in the historical profession’s various publications, but also in the federal government’s multimillion dollar Teaching American History program and the No Child Left Behind Act. The 13 essays in this collection, written by tenured faculty who teach methods courses in teaching history, are organized into three sections: context, practice, and new directions. They discuss how history education has, is, and will be taught to new K–12 teachers throughout the United States. This book provides important insights for academics in history and education departments as well as other individuals who are concerned with the status and improvement of history teaching in the schools, particularly current and future elementary and secondary teachers and administrators.

Computer Science and Information Systems Dolins, S.B., R. Condit, H.C. Su, and S. Lao. “Can AI Techniques Be Applied to Forest Science Data Integration Problems? AAAI Technical Report SS-08-05, (2008): 21–23.

Tong-Queue Lee, Young Park, and YoungTae Park. “A Time-Based Approach to Effective Recommender Systems Using Implicit Feedback.” Expert Systems with Applications 34, no. 4 (2008): 3055–3062. ———. “A Similarity Measure for Collaborative Filtering with Implicit Feedback.” Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4682 (2007): 385–397. ———. “An Empirical Study on Effectiveness of Temporal Information as Implicit Ratings.” Expert Systems With Applications 36, no. 2, part 1 (2009): 1315–1321.

Uskov, Alexander, Alexander Ivannikov, and Vladimir Uskov. “Information Security Technologies for Corporate Educational Networks.” Educational Technology and Society 11, no. 1 (January 2008): 472–479. Uskov, Alexander, Alexander Ivannikov, and Vladimir Uskov. “Streaming Technology Applications in Online Education.” Educational Technology and Society 11, no. 1 (January 2008): 449–462. Uskov, Vladimir, and Alexander Uskov. “Modern Technology-Based Education: Instructor’s Profile.” International Journal of Advanced Technology for Learning 4, no. 3 (October 2007): 118–125.

———. “Web-Based Education: Strategic Issues for 2008–2015.” International Journal of Advanced Technology for Learning 5, no. 1 (March 2008): 1–11.

Economics Bodvarsson, Ö.B., H.F. Van den Berg, and J.J. Lewer. “Measuring Immigration’s Effects on Labor Demand: A Reexamination of the Mariel Boatlift.” Labour Economics 15, no. 4 (2008): 560–574. Gretz, Richard T., Jannett Highfill, and Robert C. Scott. “Strategic Research and Development Policy: Societal Objectives and the Corporate Welfare Argument.” Contemporary Economic Policy 27, no. 1 (2009): 28–45. Highfill, J. “The Global Economy Journal as the Editor Sees It—or Hints for Contributors.” Global Economy Journal 8, no. 2 (2008). Highfill, J., and M. McAsey. “The Consumer’s Micro-Micro Gasoline Buying Decision.” International Advances in Economic Research 13, no. 4 (2007): 433–442. Highfill, J., and K. O’Brien. “Bidding and Prices for Online Art Auctions: Sofa Art or Investment.” Journal of Cultural Economics 31, no. 4 (2007): 279–292.

———. “Do Price Guides Guide eBay Prices: The Market for Individual Baseball Cards.” American Economist 52, no. 1 (Spring 2008): 58(8). Lewer, Joshua J., and Hendrik Van den Berg. “A Gravity Model of Immigration.” Economics Letters 99, no. 1 (April 2008): 164–167. Lewer, Joshua, R. Nicholas Gerlich, and Doyle Lucas. “The Impact of Christian Education and Curriculum on Illegal Media File Sharing Attitudes and Behavior.” Christian Business Academy Review 3, no. 1 (2008): 70–79. Lewer, Joshua, R. Nicholas Gerlich, and Nancy Turner. “The Ethics and Economics of File Sharing.” Southwestern Economic Review 35, no. 1 (2008): 67–78. Lewer, Joshua, and R. Nicholas Gerlich. “Determinants of Illegal File Sharing: Model and Test.” Journal of Academy of Business and Economics 7, no. 3 (2007): 137–149.

Educational Leadership and Human Development Graves, J., L. Scroggs, and N. Collins. “They Played in Peoria: The AAGPBL Redwings.” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 101, no. 1 (Spring 2008): 7–21. Pacha, J., L. Morford, J.S. Tripses, J. Crawford, J. Grivetti, and J. Murphy. “A Gap Analysis of Principal Preparation Programs in Illinois: Viewpoints of Superintendents, Principals, and Teachers.” In Leadership on the Frontlines: Changes in Preparation and Practice. 2008 Yearbook of the National Council of Professors of Educational Administration. Edited by R. Papa, C. Achilles, & B. Alford, 137–144. Lancaster, PA: Pro>Active Publications, 2008. Risen, D.M., and J.S. Tripses. “Designing Principal Preparation Internships to Strengthen School Leadership.” AASA Journal of Scholarship and Practice 5, no. 3 (2008): 4–10.

Risen, D. Michael. “Public School Finance Assessment Project Aligned with ELCC Standards.” Connexions. May 21, 2008. http://cnx.org/content/m16293/1.1. Risen, D. Michael. “School Culture Assessment Aligned with ELCC Standards.” Connexions. July 2, 2008. http://cnx.org/content/m17183/1.1. Russell-Chapin, L., and D. Smith. Telling Your Grief Story: Personal Growth through Expressions of Love, DVD. Hanover, MA: Microtraining Associates, 2008. Rybak, C.J., N. Poonawalla, M. Deuskar, and R. Bapat. “Experiential Learning Workshop for Indian Students.” Journal for Humanistic Counseling, Education, and Development 46 (2007) 183–196. Tripses, J. “Professional Growth Plans Based on ELCC Standards.” Connexions. June 27, 2008. http://cnx.org/content/ m17114/1.1. Tripses, J., and M. Risen. “Collaboration of a Framework to Teach Social Justice.” NCPEA Education Leadership Review 8, no. 1 (2007): 20–29.

Etaugh, Claire, professor of psychology, and Judith S. Bridges. Women’s Lives: A Psychological Exploration, 2nd ed. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon, 2009. Women’s Lives: A Psychological Exploration draws on a wealth of literature to present a rich range of experiences and issues of relevance to girls and women. This second edition offers the unique combination of a chronological approach to gender that is embedded within topical chapters. Cutting edge and comprehensive, each chapter integrates current material on women differing in age, ethnicity, social class, nationality, sexual orientation, and ableness. Engaging writing, student activities, and critical thinking exercises enhance the textbook’s empirical focus. An expanded list of Web sites and current books at the end of each chapter provides students with resources for additional study and research. Extensive use of vignettes and quotes from women help students personally connect with the material. Women’s Lives is the only textbook on the psychology of women that embeds a chronological approach within each topical chapter. Coverage reflects current scientific and social developments of the new millennium, including more than 2,700 current references from 2000 to the present.

Bradley Works 2009

In Print Tripses, J., and D. Rutledge. “At the Tipping Point: Principal Preparation Internships through District and University Collaborations.” At the Tipping Point: Navigating the Course for the Preparation of Educational Administrators. Edited by Linda K. Lemasters and Rosemary Papa, Lancaster, PA: Pro>Active Publications, 2007.

Family and Consumer Sciences

Tripses, J., and L. Searby. “Developing a Case for Intentional Protégé Preparation in Educational Leadership Programs.” NCPEA Education Leadership Review 9, no. 2 (2008): 175–184.

Coyle, Michelle, Michelle Fontana, Alaina Knaak, Rachael Lynch, Maria-Kanella Zannis, Nina Collins, and Kevin Randall. “Evaluation of Waterless Cookware on an Induction Cooktop.” Undergraduate Research Journal for the Human Sciences 7 (Fall 2008), http://www.kon.org/urc/v7/ coyle.html.

English Glassmeyer, Danielle. “Tom Dooley and the Cold War American Revision of ‘Indochina’.” Sinographies: Writing China, eds. Eric Hayot, Haun Saussy, and Steven G. Yao (2008): 161–193. Stein, Kevin. Sufficiency of the Actual. Urbana and Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press (2009). See page 30.

Cloyd, Brooke N., Nina Collins, and G. Kevin Randall. “Food Portion Sizes Consumed by College Students.” Undergraduate Research Journal for the Human Sciences 7 (Fall 2008), http://www.kon.org/urc/v7/cloyd.html.

Graves, J., L. Scroggs, and N. Collins. “They Played in Peoria: The AAGPBL Redwings.” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 101, no. 1 (Spring 2008): 7–21. Randall, G., D. Mitstifer, K. Brandes, and N. Collins. “Personal Ethics in the FCS Classroom: A Tool for Educators and Students.” Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences 99 (4): 48–51.

Spoth, T., G. Randall, and C. Shin. “Increasing School Success Through Partnership-Based Family Competency Training: Experimental Study of LongTerm Outcomes.” School Psychology Quarterly 23, no. 1 (2008): 70–89. Spoth, T., G. Randall, L. Trudeau, C. Shin, and C. Redmond. “Substance Use Outcomes 5.5 Years Past Baseline for Partnership-Based, Family-School Preventative Interventions.” Drug and Alcohol Dependence 96 (2008): 57–68. Trudeau, L., R. Spoth, G. Randall, and K. Azevedo. “Longitudinal Effects of a Universal Family-Focused Intervention on Growth Patterns of Adolescent Internalizing Symptoms and Polysubstance Use: Gender Comparisons.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 36 (2007): 725–740.

Foreign Languages Hertich, Alexander. “Philosophes et/ou Voyous? The Case of Queneau and Descartes.” Dalhousie French Studies 79 (Summer 2007): 71–82. Portocarrero, Melvy. “Una Nueva Interpretación a la Vision Tradicional de la Malinche.” Encuentros de Viejos y Nuevos Mundos: Reivindicaciones y Proyecciones en la Literatura Hispánica (March 2007).

Lamoureux, Edward Lee, associate professor of multimedia, Steve Baron, J.D., and Claire Stewart. Intellectual Property Law and Interactive Media: Free for a Fee. New York, NY: Peter Lang Publishers, 2009. With the digitization of intellectual property, those who are traditional owners of content rights, those who create new media, and those who consume new media face new legal challenges due to the ease and speed with which it can be copied, transmitted, and globally shared. The authors provide a comprehensive overview of the complex legal landscape surrounding new media and intellectual property rights. They present the legal case histories, theoretical backgrounds, and legislative developments in intellectual property law. This text provides an examination of copyrights, patents, trademarks, trade secrets, and personal torts (rights of publicity, defamation, privacy) in the U.S., international, and virtual contexts. The authors maintain an interactive online blog, freeforafee.com, providing links to materials that provide interesting, relevant, and timely connections to the many challenges and changes across the rapidly shifting new media intellectual property law landscape. Written for traditional students rather than law students, the textbook Intellectual Property Law and Interactive Media: Free for a Fee is suitable for courses focusing on intellectual property in multimedia/new media or as a supplement for media law courses.

Sconduto, Leslie A. “Bringing French Culture/Civilization to Life in the Classroom.” The French Review 81, no. 4 (March 2008): 670, 720–732. Sconduto, Leslie A. Metamorphoses of the Werewolf: A Literary Study from Antiquity through the Renaissance. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company Inc., 2008. See page 33.

History Smith, Susan N. “The Accidental Museum: Expropriating and Appropriating the Past.” The Russian Review 67, no. 3 (2008): 438–453. Williams, John, ed. Berlin Since the Wall’s End: Shaping Society and Memory in the German Metropolis since 1989. Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2008. See page 39.

Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering & Technology Feng, C.X.J., Z.G.S. Yu, J.T. Emanuel, P.G. Li, X.Y. Shao, and Z.H. Wang. “Threefold Versus Fivefold Cross-Validation and Individual Versus Average Data in Predictive Regression Modelling of Machining Experimental Data.”

International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing 21, no. 6 (2008): 702–714.

Spires, T. “Collection Development ‘Soccer’: The beautiful game.” Library Journal 133, no. 12 (2008): 39–42.

Kulahci, M., D.C. Montgomery, and J. Feng, issue eds. “Editorial.” International Journal of Production Research 45, no. 23 (2007): 5453–5454.

Spires, Todd. “Handheld Librarians: A Survey of Librarian and Library Patron Use of Wireless Handheld Devices.” Internet Reference Services Quarterly 13, no. 4 (2008): 287–309.

Wang, Z., X. Shao, G. Zhang, and C. Feng. “Configuration Performance Prediction of Module-Based Product Family Based on Rough Set and Neural Network.” Jixie Gongcheng Xuebao/ Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 43, no. 5 (2007): 85–90.

Library Science Burhans, Skip, J.B. Hill, and Todd Spires. “Virtual Worlds, Virtual Students: Instructional Possibilities in Second Life.” Virtual Worlds, Real Libraries: Librarians and Educators in Second Life and Other Multi-User Virtual Environments. Edited by Lori Bell and Rhonda B. Trueman. Medford, NJ: Information Today, Inc., 2008. Chen, Xiaotian, and Stephen Wynn. “E-Journal Cataloging in an Age of Alternatives.” Serials Librarian 57, no. 1 (2009).

Spires, Todd. “Handheld Serials: How Wireless Device Technologies Impact Electronic Journal Publishing.” Serials Librarian 53, no. 4 (2008): 141–153.

Marketing Bond III, E.U., M.B. Houston, and Y.(E). Tang. “Establishing a High-Technology Knowledge Transfer Network: The Practical and Symbolic Roles of Identification.” Industrial Marketing Management 37, no. 6 (2008): 641–652.

Eastman, Kevin L., Jacqueline K. Eastman, and Rajesh Iyer. “Academic Dishonesty: An Exploratory Study Examining Whether Insurance Students Are Different from Other College Students.” Risk Management and Insurance Review 11, no. 1 (2008): 209–226.

Rowe, Robert, professor of art, Gary Will, associate professor of art, and Harold Linton. Graphic Design Portfolio Strategies for Print and Digital Media. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2009. A textbook on how to create a unique and effective professional portfolio, Graphic Design Portfolio Strategies for Print and Digital Media focuses on concerns of students completing a four-year college program in design. It can be used not only as a textbook for portfolio courses, but also as a valuable reference for a designer developing a new portfolio or wanting to improve an existing one. This book demonstrates how to develop a portfolio for today’s competitive print and interactive design fields by presenting a sequence of manageable steps for students to follow. It also presents a series of questions, answers to which will help the student make informed decisions for that person’s individual portfolio. Topics include binding methods, photographing work, and deciding on the most appropriate design of a portfolio Web site. Graphic Design Portfolio Strategies is a useful sourcebook for students creating a portfolio for graduate school applications, grants, scholarships, employment opportunities, and fellowships. Examples of successful design student portfolios illustrate the concepts presented, and tips and insights from top professionals in the field enrich the content.

Bradley Works 2009

In Print Fraedrich, J., and R. Iyer. “Retailers’ Major Ethical Decision Making Constructs.” Journal of Business Research 61, no. 8 (2008): 834–841.

Szeto, G., and L. Xue. “On Galois Algebras Satisfying the Fundamental Theorem.” Communications in Algebra 35, no. 12 (2007): 3979–3985.

Iyer, R., and J.A. Muncy. “Purpose and Object of Anti-Consumption.” Journal of Business Research. (Published online March 2008): DOI:10.1016/j.jbusres. 2008.01.023.

Szeto, George, and Larry Xue. “On a Composition of Galois Extensions.” International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics 39, no. 4 (2007): 527–534.

———. “Service Recovery in Marketing Education: It’s What We Do that Counts.” Journal of Marketing Education 30, no. 1 (2008): 21–32. Reisenwitz, T., and R. Iyer. “A Comparison of Younger and Older Baby Boomers: Investigating the Viability of Cohort Segmentation.” Journal of Consumer Marketing 24, no. 4 (2007): 202–213. Reisenwitz, T., R. Iyer, D.B. Kuhlmeier, and J.K. Eastman. “The Elderly’s Internet Usage: An Updated Look.” Journal of Consumer Marketing 24, no. 7 (2007): 406–418.

Mathematics Abbas, M., and G. Jungck. “Common Fixed Point Results for Noncommuting Mappings without Continuity in Cone Metric Spaces.” Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 341, no. 1 (2008): 416–420. Highfill, J., and M. McAsey. “The Consumer’s Micro-Micro Gasoline Buying Decision.” International Advances in Economic Research 13, no. 4 (2007): 433–442. Jungck, G., and N. Hussain. “Compatible Maps and Invariant Approximations.” Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 325, no. 2 (2007): 1003– 1012. Lang, M.S., and P.M. Terwilliger. “AlmostBipartite Distance-Regular Graphs with the Q-Polynomial Property.” European Journal of Combinatorics 28, no. 1 (2007): 258–265. Sterling, Mary Jane. Business Math for Dummies. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2008. See page 40.

Szeto, George, and Lianyong Xue. “On Galois Extensions of a Separable Algebra.” International Mathematical Forum 3, no. 14 (2008): 677–683. Xiaolong, Jiang, George Szeto, and Larry Xue. “On Galois Algebras with a Unique Galois Group.” International Journal of Mathematical Sciences 6, no. 2 (2007): 139–147. Xue, Larry. “A Lifting Property of Split Exact Sequences of Bimodules Over a Separate Ring Extension.” JP Journal of Algebra and Number Theory 10, no. 2 (2008): 247–253.

Mechanical Engineering Fakheri, Ahmad. “Efficiency and Effectiveness of Heat Exchanger Series.” Journal of Heat Transfer 130, no. 8 (Published online August 2008): DOI:10.1115/1.2927404.

McGreevy, T.E., and J. Abou-Hanna. “Applicability of Simplified Methods to Alloy 617 in Excess of 6490C.” American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Pressure Vessels and Piping Division PVP 3 (2008): 231–247.

Multimedia Ferolo, James, and The Iona Group. Waterwall, an interactive touchscreen display system at Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago, Fall 2008. Lamoureux, Edward Lee, Steve Baron, and Claire Stewart. Intellectual Property Law and Interactive Media: Free for a Fee. New York, NY: Peter Lang, 2009. See page 36.

Music Dzapo, Kyle. “Joachim Andersen—Elämä, Perintö Ja Mysteerejä,” translated by Anri Tuohimäki. Huilisti (Journal of the Finnish Flute Association) 4 (2007): 14–17.

Heinemann, Stephen. “From the Issue Editor: Undergraduate Research in the Arts and Humanities.” CUR Quarterly (Journal of the Council on Undergraduate Research) 29, no. 2 (Winter 2008): 4. Heinemann, Stephen, issue editor. CUR Quarterly (Journal of the Council on Undergraduate Research) 29, no. 2 (Winter 2008). Henry Liebenow, Marcia. Concordia String Trio concert with world premiere of Richard Lavenda’s String Trio, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, February 5, 2008.

———. Featured soloist in Bruch Violin Concerto No. 1 in G Minor, Op. 26, Clinton Symphony Orchestra, Clinton, IA, February 23, 2008. ———. Faculty chamber music recitals, Red Lodge Music Festival, Billings, MT, June 7–15, 2008. ———. Birch Creek Faculty String Quartet concert, Fish Creek, WI, June 22, 2008. ———. Birch Creek Music Festival Orchestra, Egg Harbor, WI, June 26–July 5, 2008. ———. Guest artist recital with pianist Richard Syracuse and violin master class at Ohio University, Athens, OH, October 1–2, 2008. ———. Fairmont Chamber Music Society guest artist recital, Fairmont, WV, October 5, 2008. ———. Featured soloist in works by Bottesini and Mozart, Muscatine Symphony Orchestra, Muscatine, IA, November 8, 2008. Jost, John, conductor. Orchestre Philharmonique Sainte Trinité. Performances of movements from Anton Dvorak’s Czech Suite and W.A. Mozart’s Bassoon Concerto. Léogâne, Haiti, July 27, 2008. Kaizer, Edward, and Janet Kaizer. Performances at Nordvangskolen, Sofielundsvej (school); Marielyst (senior education facility); Vangede Church Copenhagen with Danish Concertband; Rhythmic High School; and Viften Hall Copenhagen with Danish Concertband. Denmark, March 14–18, 2008.

Williams, John Alexander, associate professor of modern European history, editor. Berlin Since the Wall’s End: Shaping Society and Memory in the German Metropolis Since 1989. Newcastle, United Kingdom: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2008. In his second book, Berlin Since the Wall’s End: Shaping Society and Memory in the German Metropolis Since 1989, John Williams presents the work of six scholars who met at Bradley University’s annual Berlin seminar in June 2006 to discuss the recent past and the future prospects of the German metropolis. Ever since the destruction of the Berlin Wall that divided East from West Berlin 19 years ago, Germans have struggled with the challenges of reunification. Two broad concerns—society and historical memory— emerged during the seminar, and these issues are reflected in the book’s essays. Contrary to the optimistic predictions of 1989–1990, reunification has aggravated many of Germany’s problems within the larger context of globalization. Trying to unify two countries with a common language but mutually hostile political and economic systems has been a daunting task. Divided into two sections, the book’s first part assesses how Berliners have reunified the city through urban planning and social, economic, and cultural policies as well as the pressing contemporary issues of immigration, citizenship, and cultural diversity. The second section traces how historical memory has been shaped and politically contested in German culture, both in the divided nation and since 1989. Berlin Since the Wall’s End casts light on a metropolis that has been scarred, but not destroyed, by the upheavals of recent history.

Since 1981, Bradley University’s Berlin Seminar has brought together college educators in German and European studies for a week during the summer. Held at the European Academy in Berlin, this faculty development seminar focuses on contemporary changes in politics, society, and culture. John Williams has directed the seminar since 2000.

Orfe, John. Core pianist of Alarm Will Sound (Alan Pierson, conductor). Recent performances include Hamilton College, Clinton, NY; International Performing Arts Center, Moscow, Russia; Hermitage Theatre, St. Petersburg, Russia; Glinka Philharmonic Chamber Hall, St. Petersburg, Russia; University of Denver, Denver, CO; and Duke University, Durham, NC, September 2008–February 2008.

———. Chamber Symphony for 17 players, performed by Alarm Will Sound. Art November Festival, International House of Music, Moscow, Russia, November 19, 2008. ———. Two Communion Meditations on ‘What Wondrous Love Is This’ for three keyboardists and flute/piccolo. Premiered August 3, 2008, The Moody Church, Chicago, IL. Commissioned by The Moody Church. ———. Oyster for 13 players plus dance troupe. Premiered Athens, OH, with Ohio University New Music Ensemble, John Climer (conductor), June 3, 2008. Commissioned by the School of Music and School of Dance of Ohio University with funds from Arts for Ohio. Vroman, David. Director, Illinois Music Educators Association District VI Honor Band. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, November 1, 2008.

———. Director, Illinois Music Educators Association District III Honor Band. Illinois State University, Normal, IL, November 22, 2008.

Nursing Kooken, Wendy Carter, J.E. Haase, and K. Russell. “Response.” Western Journal of Nursing Research 29, no. 7 (2007): 927–929.

Priest, C., W. Kooken, K. Ealey, S. Holmes, and P. Hufeld. “Improving Baccalaureate Nursing Students’ Understanding of Fundamental Legal Issues Through Interdisciplinary Collaboration.” Journal of Nursing Law 11, no. 1 (2007): 35–42.

Bradley Works 2009

In Print Philosophy and Religious Studies Fuller, Robert C. Spirituality in the Flesh: Bodily Sources of Religious Experience. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2008. See page 32.

Physical Therapy and Health Science Pratt, B.L., K.W. Baker, and D.J. Gaebler-Spira. “Participation of the Child with Cerebral Palsy in the Home, School, Community: A Review of the Literature.” Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine: An Interdisciplinary Approach 1, no. 2 (2008): 101–111.

Rosengren, K.S., K. Rajendran, J. Contakos, L.-L. Chuang, M. Peterson, R. Doyle, and E. McAuley. “Changing Control Strategies During Standard Assessment Using Computerized Dynamic Posturography with Older Women.” Gait and Posture 25, no. 2 (2007): 215–221.

Physics Bush, B., J.H. Craig Jr., K.R. Roos, J. Lozano, and K.W. Field. “UPS of Multilayer Nitrogen-Bearing Compounds on the Si(1 0 0) Surface.” Surface and Interface Analysis 40, no. 5 (March 5, 2008): 927–930. Bush., B.W., A.H. Marquis, O. Egwu, and J.H. Craig Jr. “Adsorption of Trisilylamine on the Si(1 0 0) Surface.” Surface and Interface Analysis 40, no. 10 (August 26, 2008): 1402–1405. Chao, W.C., Paul W. Wang, and L.G. Hwa. “Pressure Dependence of Elastic Properties of Low-Silica Calcium Alumino-Silicate Glasses. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 354, (12–13): 1389–1392. Hsu, J.C, P.W. Wang, and H.L Chen. “MgF2 Film Deposited by IAD with End-Hall Ion Source Using SF6 as Working Gas.” Key Engineering Materials 364–366 II (2008): 762–767.

Sterling, Mary Jane, lecturer in mathematics. Business Math For Dummies. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2008. In Mary Jane Sterling’s eighth book in the “Dummies” series, Business Math For Dummies, complex mathematical concepts and formulas are explained in a way that makes them easy to understand. This essential desk reference for business professionals and students offers clear examples of how mathematical concepts relate to real-world business situations. Topics covered include working with percents to calculate increases and decreases, using basic algebra to solve proportions, and using basic statistics to analyze raw data. Solutions for finance and payroll applications such as reading financial statements, calculating wages and commissions, and strategic salary planning can also be found.

Kury, P., K.R. Roos, M. Horn-von Hoegen, and F.J. Meyer zu Heringdorf. “Absence of Surface Stress Change During Pentacene Thin Film Growth on the si(1 1 1)(7 × 7) Surface: A Buried Reconstruction Interface.” New Journal of Physics 10, no. 25 (February 2008). Kury, P., K.R. Roos, D. Thien, S. Möllenbeck, D. Wall, M. Horn-von Hoegen, and F.J. Meyer zu Heringdorf. “Disorder-Mediated Ordering by SelfInterfactant Effect in Organic Thin Film Growth of Pentacene on Silicon.” Organic Electronics: Physics, Materials, Applications 9, no. 4 (August 2008): 461–465. Lozano, J., A. Brickman, S. Yeninas, D. Early, and J.H. Craig Jr. “Adsorption and Decomposition of Triethylsilane on Si(1 0 0).” Applied Surface Science 253, no. 6 (2007): 3066–3071.

Meyer zu Heringdorf, F.-J., K.L. Roos, C. Wiethoff, M. Horn-von Hoegen, and K.R. Roos. “Growth of Ag Nanowires on Au-Pre-Facetted 4° Vicinal si(0 0 1).” Surface Science 602, no. 10 (2008): 1852–1857. Roos, K.R., K.L. Roos, I. Lohmar, D. Wall, J. Krug, M. Horn-Von Hoegen, and F.-J. Meyer Zu Heringdorf. “Real-Time View of Mesoscopic Surface Diffusion.” Physical Review Letters 100, no. 1. (Published online January 2008): DOI: i:10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.016103.

Wang, C., Y. Liu, Y. Xia, T. Ma, and P.W. Wang. “Characteristics of ITO Films Fabricated on Glass Substrates by High Intensity Pulsed Ion Beam Method.” Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 353, no. 22–23 (2007): 2244–2249. Wang, P.W., J.-C Hsu, and L.-G Hwa. “Metallic Phase Formation in Oxide Films.” Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 354, no. 12–13 (2008): 1256–1262.

Yeninas, S., A. Brickman, J.H. Craig Jr., and J. Lozano. “HREELS Study of the Adsorption and Evolution of Diethylamine (DEA) on Si(1 0 0) Surfaces.” Applied Surface Science 254, no. 6 (2008): 1720–1724.

Political Science Aspin, L. “Judicial Retention Election Trends 1964–2006.” Judicature 90, no. 5 (2007): 208–213. Aspin, Larry. “Retention Elections and Evaluations: A Response to Current Trends in Contested Judicial Elections?” In Future Trends in State Courts 2007. Edited by C. Flango, C. Campbell, and N. Kauder, 104-109. Williamsburg, VA: National Center for State Courts, 2007.

Psychology Denissen, J., L. Penke, David P. Schmitt, and M. van Aken. “Self-Esteem Reactions to Social Interactions: Evidence for Sociometer Mechanisms Across Days, People, and Nations.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 95, no. 1 (2008): 181–196. Etaugh, Claire A., and Judith S. Bridges. Women’s Lives: A Psychological Exploration. Allyn & Bacon, January 2009. See page 35. Hermann, A.D., and D.A. Foster. “Fostering Approachability and Classroom Participation During the First Day of Class: Evidence for a Reciprocal Interview Activity.” Active Learning in Higher Education 9, no. 2 (2008): 139–151. Montgomery, Derek E., Maren Anderson, and Elizabeth Uhl. “Interference Control in Preschoolers: Factors Influencing Performance on the Day-Night Task.” Infant and Child Development 17, no. 5 (2008): 457–470. Schmitt, D.P., A. Realo, M. Voracek, and J. Allik. “Why Can’t a Man Be More Like a Woman? Sex Differences in Big Five Personality Traits Across 55 Cultures.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 94, no. 1 (2008): 168–182. Schmitt, David P. “Evolutionary Approaches to Mate Choice and Relationship Initiation.” Handbook of Relationship Initiation. Edited by S. Sprecher, J. Harvey, and A. Wenzel, 55–74. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum, 2008. Schmitt, David P. “Evolutionary Perspectives on Romantic Attachment and Culture: How Ecological Stressors Influence Dismissing Orientations Across Genders and Geographies.” Cross-Cultural Research 42, no. 3 (2008): 220–247. Schmitt, David P., and Todd K. Shackelford. “Big Five Traits Related to Short-Term Mating: From Personality to Promiscuity Across 46 Nations.” Evolutionary Psychology 6 (2008): 246–282.

Schweigert, W.A. “The Effects of Multiple Presentations on the Ratings and Memorability of Novel Figurative Phrases.” Journal of Psycholinguistic Research: 38, no. 1 (February 2009): 25–42.

Sociology Crawford, L.A., and K.B. Novak. “Parent-Child Relations and Peer Associations as Mediators of the Family Structure-Substance Use Relationship.” Journal of Family Issues 29, no. 2 (2008): 155–184.

Teacher Education Anstine Templeton, R., and C.E. Johnson. “Home School Learners.” In 21st Century Education: A Reference Handbook. Edited by T.L. Good. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2008. Anstine Templeton, R., C.E. Johnson, G. Wan, and J.L. Sattler. “One School’s Journey to Becoming a Professional Development School.” The Journal of the National Association for Professional Development Schools 2, no. 1 (2008): 73-82. Antola Crowe, H., R.J. Wolffe, and L. Robinson. “What We Know About the World and Ourselves: Cross-Cultural Collaboration.” The National Professional Development School PDS Partners 3, no. 2 (2008): 4, 11-12. Britner, Shari L. “Motivation in High School Science Students: A Comparison of Gender Differences in Life, Physical, and Earth Science Classes.” Journal of Research in Science Teaching 45, no. 8 (January 24, 2008): 955–970. Cantu, D. Antonio, and Wilson J. Warren, eds. History Education 101: The Past, Present, and Future of Teacher Preparation. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing Inc., 2008. See page 34. Edgcomb, M., S.L. Britner, K. McConnaughay, and R. Wolffe. “Science 101: An Integrated, InquiryOriented Science Course for Education Majors.” Journal of College Science Teaching 38, no. 1: 22–27.

Johnson, C.E. “Meeting Challenges in U.S. Education: Striving for Success in a Diverse Society.” In The Education of Diverse Student Populations: A Global Perspective, Vol. 2. Edited by G. Wan 2: 79–95. New York, NY: Springer Publications, 2008. Lee, H., and R.A. Templeton. “Ensuring Equal Access to Technology: Providing Assistive Technology for Students with Disabilities.” Theory into Practice 47, no. 3 (2008): 212–219.

Zeldin, Amy L., Shari L. Britner, and Frank Pajares. “A Comparative Study of the Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Successful Men and Women in Mathematics, Science, and Technology Careers.” Journal of Research in Science Teaching 45, no. 9 (November 2008): 1036-1058.

Theatre Arts Brown, George H., and Gerhard Hauck. “Convergence and Creativity in Telematic Performance: The Adding Machine.” Culture, Language and Representation 6: Intermediality (May 2008): 101-119. Lohman, Mark (scenic design, technical direction, and technical production). William Shakespeare’s MacBeth. Brucemore Historical Estates, Cedar Rapids, IA, Summer 2007.

———. (scenic design/technical consultation), Alan Menken, Howard Ashman, Tim Rice, and Linda Wolverton. Beauty and The Beast. Young Footliters, Iowa City, IA, October 2008. ———. (scenic design), James Goldman, Carl Lindberg, Tony Luetkenhaos, and Ann Dunn. The Lion in Winter. Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL, October 22, 2008. Snyder, Steve. The Foreigner. Directed professional production for Gilmore Creek Summer Theatre, Winona, MN, July–August 2008.

———. Tuesdays with Morrie. Played the role of “Mitch Albom” in production at Summerstock, a professional summer theatre. University of Findlay, Findlay, OH, July 23–27, 2008.

Bradley Works 2009

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psa dewberry

Transforming the culture of learning

Building on two of Bradley University’s core strengths, engineering and business, the new 370,000-square-foot Convergence Center will be located between the College of Engineering and Technology and the Foster College of Business Administration. It will provide laboratories and classrooms for multidisciplinary teams to design and produce real products and real business plans. The Campaign for a Bradley Renaissance will help raise funds for the center, which will feature: • two large innovation and commercialization laboratories, providing facilities equivalent to that of a small company • 200-seat auditorium for meetings and workshops • technically sophisticated classrooms and conference rooms • spacious public areas for collaboration and social activities • offices for the Turner Center for Entrepreneurship • offices for the deans of the College of Engineering and Technology and the Foster College of Business Administration.