Doing ethics moral reasoning and contemporary issues 3rd edition vaughn test bank

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Chapter 7: Virtue Ethics: Be a Good Person CONCEPT MAP I. The Ethics of Virtue A. Aristotle B. Virtues C. Virtue in Action D. Evaluating Virtue Ethics 1. Virtue in the Moral Life II. The Ethics of Care MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A theory of morality that makes virtue the central concern is known as: a. virtue consequentialism. c. virtue ethics. b. virtue command theory. d. teleological ethics.

ANS: C MSC: Factual

DIF: Easy

2. Aristotle distinguishes between: a. intellectual virtues and moral virtues. b. intellectual virtues and political virtues.

ANS: A MSC: Conceptual

DIF: Medium

REF: 136

TOP: I. The Ethics of Virtue

c. temporal virtues and earthly virtues. d. moral virtues and happiness virtues.

REF: 136

TOP: I.A. Aristotle

3. For Aristotle, a person living a life of reason is living a life of: a. excess. c. struggle. b. virtue. d. nature.

ANS: B MSC: Conceptual

DIF: Medium

REF: 136

TOP: I.A. Aristotle

4. According to Aristotle, the greatest good for humans is: a. virtue law. c. virtuosity. b. the golden mean. d. eudaimonia.

ANS: D MSC: Conceptual

DIF: Medium

5. In ethics, a virtue ethicist asks: a. “What should I do?” b. “What should I be?”

ANS: B MSC: Factual

DIF: Easy

REF: 136

TOP: I.A. Aristotle

c. “What is the moral law?” d. “What is the virtuous rule?”

REF: 136

TOP: I.B. Virtues

6. A virtue is: a. a stable disposition to act and feel according to the moral law. b. a stable disposition to act and feel according to some ideal or model of excellence. c. habitual acts that result in eternal excellence.

d. an act of charity.

ANS: B MSC: Factual

DIF: Easy

REF: 136

TOP: I.B. Virtues

7. For Aristotle, motivations for moral or immoral action are: a. essential. c. irrelevant. b. signs of a good will. d. the source of true morality.

ANS: A MSC: Conceptual

DIF: Medium

REF: 137

TOP: I.A. Aristotle

8. The “Golden Mean” is Aristotle’s notion of: a. the perfect human. b. excellence in philosophy. c. flourishing in the arts. d. virtue as a balance between two behavioral extremes.

ANS: D MSC: Conceptual

DIF: Medium

REF: 137

TOP: I.A. Aristotle

9. If virtues were eliminated entirely from morality, leaving only principles or rules of justice, the moral life would appear: a. barren. c. complete. b. richer. d. complicated.

ANS: A DIF: Difficult TOP: I.D.1. Virtue in the Moral Life

REF: 137 MSC: Applied

10. By the lights of virtue ethics, if you rescue someone from disaster solely out of a sense of duty, then your action is: a. a morally deficient response. c. a morally appropriate response. b. wrong. d. selfless.

ANS: A MSC: Conceptual

DIF: Medium

REF: 138

TOP: I.C. Virtue in Action

11. Virtue ethicists try to achieve the moral ideal by: a. looking to well-established moral rules. c. fulfilling duties. b. reading books on ethics. d. looking to moral exemplars.

ANS: D MSC: Conceptual

DIF: Medium

REF: 138

TOP: I.C. Virtue in Action

12. Virtue ethics puts primary emphasis on being a good person and living a good life, whereas duty-based moral systems: a. emphasize a life of happiness and flourishing. b. emphasize happiness through correct living. c. pay much less attention to following rules of conduct. d. pay much less attention to virtuous character and living a good life.

ANS: D MSC: Conceptual

DIF: Medium

REF: 138

TOP: I.C. Virtue in Action

13. Suppose you are seriously ill and laid up in the hospital. If a friend came to visit you only because it was her duty to do so (duty was her only motivation), you would likely view her action as:

a. welcome. b. virtuous.

c. emotional. d. insensitive.

ANS: D DIF: Difficult TOP: I.D.1. Virtue in the Moral Life

REF: 138 MSC: Applied

14. Critics have taken virtue ethics to task for alleged problems in: a. its focus on character and motivation. c. adapting the views of Aristotle. b. applying the theory. d. the requirement of coherence.

ANS: B MSC: Factual

DIF: Easy

REF: 139

TOP: I.D. Evaluating Virtue Ethics

15. Virtue ethics claims that the right action is the one performed by the virtuous person and that the virtuous person is the one who performs the right action. But some philosophers say that this way of framing the matter amounts to: a. arguing with no premises. b. arguing from the obvious to the less than obvious. c. arguing in a circle. d. arguing too strongly.

ANS: C MSC: Factual

DIF: Easy

REF: 139

TOP: I.D. Evaluating Virtue Ethics

16. It seems that a person can be benevolent, honest, and loyal but still treat a stranger unjustly. This shows that: a. the rightness of actions necessarily (or invariably) depend on the content of one’s character. b. the rightness of actions does not necessarily (or invariably) depend on the content of one’s character. c. most people are without virtues. d. having the right virtues can prevent moral error.

ANS: B MSC: Applied

DIF: Easy

REF: 139

TOP: I.D. Evaluating Virtue Ethics

17. A physician may be virtuous (kind, just, and honest) and still not know: a. which actions are morally permissible. c. whether virtue is good. b. how to be virtuous. d. whether virtues are worth cultivating.

ANS: A MSC: Applied

DIF: Medium

REF: 139

TOP: I.D. Evaluating Virtue Ethics

18. Many duty-based theorists believe that motivation for moral action cannot be derived entirely from considerations of duty, just as appropriate motivation cannot be based solely on: a. Aristotle. c. virtuous character. b. motivational factors. d. considerations of duty.

ANS: C MSC: Factual

DIF: Easy

REF: 139

TOP: I.D. Evaluating Virtue Ethics

19. It’s possible that someone might have to choose between performing or not performing an action that could lead to serious harm to a friend—yet each choice could involve the same two virtues (for example, the virtues of honesty and loyalty). Such a case suggests that virtue ethics may have a problem with: a. Criterion 1 (consistency with commonsense moral judgments).

b. Criterion 2 (consistency with moral experience). c. Criterion 3 (usefulness). d. both Criterion 1 and 2.

ANS: C MSC: Applied

DIF: Medium

REF: 139

TOP: I.D. Evaluating Virtue Ethics

20. Our considered moral judgments seem to suggest that moral disagreements among people with identical virtues are: a. impossible. c. rare. b. possible. d. uncompromising.

ANS: B DIF: Difficult TOP: I.D.1. Virtue in the Moral Life

REF: 140 MSC: Applied

21. Annette C. Baier argues that in moral theory there is a place for: a. both care and justice. c. both virtue and egoism. b. both justice and consequences. d. Gilligan and Kant.

ANS: A MSC: Factual

DIF: Easy

REF: 141

TOP: II. The Ethics of Care

22. According to ______, men and women think in radically different ways when making moral decisions. a. Annette Beacon c. Louis Pojman b. Carol Gilligan d. Carol Baier ANS: B MSC: Factual

DIF: Easy

REF: 141

TOP: II. The Ethics of Care

23. The ethics of care is a reminder that caring is: a. not as important as the consequences of actions. b. a critical part of Kantian ethics. c. a vital and inescapable part of the moral life. d. an important element in Aristotle’s virtue ethics.

ANS: C MSC: Factual

DIF: Easy

REF: 141

TOP: II. The Ethics of Care

24. The perspective on moral issues that emphasizes close personal relationships and moral virtues such as compassion, love, and sympathy is known as: a. compassionate care. c. virtue ethics. b. love theory. d. the ethics of care.

ANS: D MSC: Factual

DIF: Easy

REF: 141

TOP: II. The Ethics of Care

25. The fact that we regularly judge the moral permissibility of actions as well as assess the goodness of character suggests that: a. moral principles and virtuous behavior are in conflict. b. principle-based moral theories should be discarded. c. virtue ethics is false. d. virtue and character are important elements of the moral life.

ANS: D DIF: Difficult TOP: I.D.1. Virtue in the Moral Life

REF: 142 MSC: Applied