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TheutilizationofpatientsindevelopmentensurescontentvalidityTheWOMAChasalsobeenusedtoassessbackpain,rheumatoidarthritis,juvenilerheumatoid arthritis,systemiclupuserythematosus,andfibromyalgiaOverview:TheWesternOntarioandMcMasterUniversitiesOsteoarthritisIndex(WOMAC)wascreated toassesspain,stiffness,andphysicalfunctioninpatientswithhipandorkneeosteoarthritis(OA)TheIndexisselfThescoremapisaneasy-to-usegraphical displayoftheentirerangeofWOMACPainscoresfromnopaintoextremepainforeachitemcomprisingtheWOMACPainscaleAbstractThisstudyvalidates theshort-formWOMACfunctionscaleforassessmentofconservativetreatmentofosteoarthritisofthekneeExaminationofdiscriminantvalidityshowedthatthe scoresontheWOMACandSFfollowedhypothesizedpatterns:theWOMACdiscriminatedbetteramongsubjectswithvaryingseverityofkneeproblems, whereastheSFdiscriminatedbetteramongThelatestversionoftheinstrument(WOMAC®)isavailableinoveralternatelanguageforms,andinmanylanguages isavailableinpointLikert,mmVisualAnalogueandboxNumericalRatingScaleformats.TotalWOMACpainscalescorescanvaryfromtowhenVA3scalingis appliedandfromtowhenLK3scalingisimplementedKneeandHipOsteoarthritisIndex.Datawerecollectedbeforetreatmentandsixandninemonthslater,from patientswithosteoarthritisofthekneetodeterminethevalidity,internalconsistency,test-retestreliability,floorandceilingeffects,andTheWOMACisoneofthe mostcommonlyusedpatient-reportedoutcomesforkneeOAItissimpleandquicktoadministerandscoreusingguidelinesprovidedItiswidelyusedinvarious fieldsofmedicalresearchtocollectquality-of-lifescoresasaObjectiveWOMAC®IndexInaddition,theWOMAChasundergonevalidatedtranslationsinto multiplelanguagesALikertscaleisusedandallitemshavefivepossibleansweroptionsscoredfrom(NoProblems)to(ExtremeProblems)andeachofthefive scoresiscalculatedasthesumoftheitemsincludedItisaself-administeredquestionnaireconsistingofitemsdividedintosubscales:[1]Pain(5items):during walking,usingstairs,inbed,sittingorlying,andstandinguprightTheWOMACisawidelyusedself-administeredhealthstatusmeasureusedinassessingpain, stiffness,andfunctioninpatientswithOAofthehiporkneeTheWesternOntarioandMcMasterUniversitiesArthritisIndex(WOMAC)iswidelyusedinthe evaluationofHipandKneeOsteoarthritisSinceitsdevelopmentin,theWOMAC®IndexhasundergoneseveralrevisionsandmodificationsTheWOMAC consistsofitemsdividedintosubscales:Pain(5items):Stiffness(2items):PhysicalFunction(items)TheWesternOntarioandMcMasterUniversitiesOsteoarthritis Index(WOMAC)Name: Date: Instructions:Pleaseratetheactivitiesineach categoryaccordingtothefollowingscaleofdifficulty=None,=Slight,=Moderate,=Very,=ExtremelyCircleonenumberforeachWOMACOSTEOARTHRITIS INDEXWalkingonaflatsurfaceGoingupordownstairsAtnightwhileinbedSittingorlyingdownStandinguprightLevelofpaininRIGHTkneeLevelofpainin LEFTkneeHowsevereisyourstiffnessafterfirstawakeninginthemorning?Howsevereisyourstiffnessaftersitting,lying,orTheWOMACpainscaleconsistsof fiveitems:(1)walk-ingonflatground;(2)goingupordownstairs;(3)atnightwhileinbed;(4)sittingorlying;and(5)standinguprightEQ-5DTheEQ-5D-3Lis agenericfive-itemquestionnairefortheassess-mentofself-reportedgeneralhealth[7]TheWOMAC®hasbeenlinguisticallyvalidatedandiswidelyusedinthe evaluationofkneeandhiposteoarthritis[1,26–28]Scoresaretransformedtoa0–scale,withzerorepresentingextremekneeproblemsandrepresentingnoknee problemsascommoninAlso,WOMACpainscorewasinverselycorrelated(P=)withyearsofformaleducationTheWOMACscorescanbelinearly transformedtoa0–scale,withhigherscoresindicatingmoresevereimpairment