November 11, 2017 Historical Documents Auction

The Mulford-Gardiner-Buell Papers 1667-1815 including

John Holt’s New York printing of

THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and other rare and unrecorded Revolutionary broadsides and manuscripts, documenting the history of East Hampton, Long Island, The American Revolution, and Slavery in New York

To be sold at auction November 11, 2017 at 11:00 AM

BLANCHARD’S -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

POTSDAM, NEW YORK

Items no. 23 (rectos and versos), engraved by Paul Revere

BLANCHARD’S AUCTION SERVICE 1891 Morley-Potsdam Road POTSDAM, NY 13676

Kip Blanchard, Auctioneer Telephone: (315) 265-5070

E-mail: BlanchardsAuctionService@gmail.com

website: www.BlanchardsAuctionService.com

Terms and guarantee Each of the two lots (A and B) in this sale and all items comprising each lot (see LOT SUMMARIES page) are quaranteed to be genuine and are sold AS IS, that is, having been subject to wear and tear associated with manuscripts, printed items, and partly printed items more than 200 years old and stored for more than 200 years by reasonably careful descendants but never under conditions approaching those of modern archives. Major defects are described under item numbers, but the absence of a condition statement or a complete condition statement does not imply that the item is wholly free from imperfections.

Buyers’ premium & property transfer A 20% buyers’ premium will be assessed and added to successful bids. All sales are final. A deposit of 20% of the total price of each lot is due immediately following the auction, to be followed within three business days by wire transfer of the remaining balance. The documents will be transferred when payment of total hammer price plus buyer’s premium has been completed.

BLANCHARD’S -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

POTSDAM, NEW YORK All items in this catalogue have been part of a single family archive, the MulfordGardiner-Buell Papers, since the day they were written or received by one of the many East Hampton, Long Island, ancestors of the New York descendant who owns them to this day. In other words, Col. David Mulford’s copy of John Holt’s New York printing of the Declaration of Independence, for instance, has remained a treasured possession of a single line of his direct descendants during every one of the 241 years since the day it was handed to him in July 1776. The manuscripts among the Mulford-Gardiner-Buell Papers are, by definition, unique. All the printed broadsides, and one of the books, are rare (in fact, known in six or fewer copies). Many have previously been known to exist only as exemplars secured long ago by old instititions. Others have not yet been recorded outside the pages of this catalogue.

The current owner of this collection has known us for 25 years and is as committed to our region, neighbors, and institutions as we are. Because we have known each other so long, we were especially pleased to be asked to sell this collection at auction. We are also pleased that a friend of 30 years standing recommended we ask Keith Arbour to scrutinize these papers. For although they looked fine to us, and we know the consignor to be beyond reproach, we also knew that Mr. Arbour had shortened others’ troubles by vetting rarities, attributing unsigned works (as in Benjamin Franklin’s First Government Printing), and nixing good-looking items (like the so-called Francis Hopkinson Papers) and genuine items he found in the wrong hands (most recently G.P.A. Healey’s oval bust-length oil portrait of Henry Wheaton, now formerly in the National Portrait Gallery). In other words, we wished to learn good news from a more experienced and impartially skeptical examiner of the paper, printing, handwriting, and provenance of early American documents, and bad news, if there was to be any, promptly and unvarnished. As it happened, the news was all good. That said, his caution regarding the questionable status as an American imprint of Samuel Mulford’s extraordinary rare Information of 1716 (Evans 1841) was as unvarnished as his report of its little noticed transAtlantic legal and political importance was emphatic.

The catalogue entries are arranged chronologically, with the exception of items 42-49 and item 83. The Mulford-Gardiner-Buell family’s story unfolds in the entries’ sequence of textual and material details and annotations. Every item is, we think, catalogued in sufficient detail to place potential buyers all over the country on the same footing, that is, so that no potential buyer is disadvantaged by distance from Potsdam. Although we advise qualified buyers to request an appointment to view the papers in person, we expect that this catalogue, its detailed descriptions and illustrations, will answer most questions. We nonetheless welcome interested buyers’ specific telephone inquiries to our office at (315) 265-5070. Requests for viewing the materials at specific times may also be made by telephone.

Susan and Kip Blanchard

Item 36 (not in Evans or ESTC)

Historical Note TO AN EXTENT we may never know, we owe the survival of the Mulford-Gardiner-Buell Papers, including Col. David Mulford’s copy of John Holt’s printing of the The Declaration of Independence, to Mulford’s great-grandson Robert L. Mulford (1822-1899). Yet even in protecting these papers against eras during which they might well have been dispersed (at the loss of the textual and material contexts the documents preserve for each other) or baled, recycled, and lost forever (as with Philadelphia’s priceless early Federal Customs House papers), RLM did better than he knew.

How do we know this? Because during the years he studied these documents, RLM erected a monument to his forebears in East Hampton.

On the monument are carved the names and lifedates of only the male Mulfords from whom RLM descended. That is, the monument professes to preserve his family’s history, but ignores all its women. Similarly, RLM’s genealogical work (item 42) exhibits relatively little interest in the birth-surnames and life-dates of early Mulford wives.

The papers RLM saved, on the other hand, detail the crucial economic and cultural roles played by this clan’s women—including Martha Smith Gardiner (1725-1807)—across generations of short-lived men, especially Col. David Mulford (1722-78) and his son Maj. David (1754-99). Indeed, Martha Gardiner’s kinship alliances, material prosperity, and polished literacy are three of the collection’s salient features. From an early date, kin connections included the clan’s intermarriage with East Hampton’s first Jewish family (see items 11, 32, 73, and 82). Perhaps not also kin, but connected just as surely, and just as significantly, were the African-born and African-American women and men named in items 26, 56, 61, 69, and 75. These items, long interfiled with John Holt’s Declaration and the collection’s even rarer Revolutionary roadsides,

bring to mind Samuel Johnson’s sharp question of 1775: “How is it that we hear the loudest yelps for liberty from the drivers of negroes?”

For all these reasons, the Mulford-GardinerBuell papers are important to understandings of our real pasts.

In the following item entries, measurements are given in centimeters—printed areas exactly, paper dimensions as closely as wandering edges allow (reported paper widths often being averages looser than slightly less variable heights).

Watermarks & countermarks are often identified with reference to the closest published exemplar, hence the use of cf. (compare) preceding most identifications. The few identifications not preceded by cf. indicate an exact iteration of the cited exemplar (as in, e.g., item 68). Note that 18th-century paper batches were made with pairs of molds often having the same water-mark/countermark combinations but only in unidentical iterations—only one of which is usually found published. For this reason we can posit that item 74 is written on half of a sheet taken from the mold paired with the mold used to make the sheet on which item 76 was written. This is worth learning, albeit not yet as useful as the watermark evidence adduced under item 71.

Habitual analysis of details sometimes enables one to venture an opinion on a seemingly unremarkable fact. After cataloguing the Mulford Papers and their array of British Arms, Britannia, and Pro Patria watermarks and [crown]GR countermarks, I’ll hazard that John Holt selected with meaningful care each and every quire of paper on which he chose to print his edition of New York’s Declaration of Independence. Such deliberate choices would be in keeping with what Isaiah Thomas tells us of Holt’s character, and with printers’ habitual attention to details of every sort. I expect this bit of analysis will be borne out by the edition’s few other surviving exemplars, which I have not seen. Keith Arbour

References Allen, Charles Dexter. American Book-Plates. New York: Macmillan and Co., 1894.

Holmes, Thomas J. Cotton Mather, A Bibliography.

3 vols. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1940.

Ames, John Turner. A Brief History of the First Presbyterian Church of East Hampton, 16481998. [East Hampton: East Hampton 350th Anniversary Committee, 1998.]

Mather, Fredeick G. The Refugees of 1776 from Long Island to Connecticut. Albany: J. B. Lyon Co., Printers, 1913.

Arbour, Keith. The Destruction of Research Collections. Philadelphia, 2005.

Arbour, Keith. “Forgeries and Rare Book Librarians.” Talk to the 44th Rare Books & Mss. Section Preconference, ACRL/ALA, St. Michael’s College, Toronto, June 19, 2003, with questions and answers.

[Arbour, Keith.] Samuel Keimer’s Elegy of the Death of Aquila Rose: Benjamin Franklin’s first known Philadelphia Printing Job, 1723. Philadelphia: Carmen Valentino, 2000.

Brigham, Clarence S. Paul Revere’s Engraving.

Revised ed. New York: Atheneum, 1969.

Bristol, Roger P. Supplement to Charles Evans’ American Bibliography. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1970.

Dayton, Maria S. A Strategy to Reinterpret a Small House Museum. M.S. Thesis in Historic Preservation. University of Pennsylvania, 2007.

On East Hampton’s historic Mulford House.

ESTC. English Short-Title Catalog (of British and British North American imprints). Database accessible via British Library website.

Mulford, William R. [and Robert L. Mulford]. “A Genealogy of the Family of Mulford,” in New England Historical and Genealogical Register, 34 (1880): 171-180.

O’Sullivan, Ilse. East Hampton and the American Revolution. East Hampton: Town Bicentennial Committee, 1976.

Reilly, Elizabeth Carroll. A Dictionary of Colonial American Printers’ Ornaments. Worcester: AAS, 1975. See corrections to Reilly in articles

by Keith Arbour, “Where was John Davenport’s 1669 Massachusetts Election Sermon Printed?”

(PBSA 97 [2003]: 81-87), “Solomon Stoddard’s ‘Addition’ to The Safety of Appearing (Boston, 1729) and the Attribution of Its Printing, with a Note on ‘Reilly 695’” (PBSA 95 [20010]: 340347), etc.

Rosenbloom, Joseph R. A Biographical Dictionary of Early American Jews: Colonial Times to 1800. [Louisville:] University of Kentucky Press, 1960.

Sabine, Lorenzo. Biographical Sketches of Loyalists of the American Revolution. 2 vols. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1864.

Evans, Charles. American Bibliography. 13 vols.

Chicago: Privately Printed, etc., 1903 et seq.

Shipton, Clifford K., and James E. Mooney.

National Index of American Imprints through 1800. 2 vols. Worcester: AAS, 1969.

Gardiner, Curtiss C., ed. Lion Gardiner, and his Descendants. St. Louis: A. Whipple, 1890.

Thomas, Isaiah. History of Printing in America. 2nd ed. 2 vols. Albany: Joel Munsell, 1874.

Goff, Frederick R. The John Dunlap Broadside: The First Printing of the Declaration of Independence. Wash.: Library of Congress, 1976.

Thompson, Benjamin Franklin. History of Long Island. 3rd revised ed. 4 vols. New York: R. H. Dodd, 1918.

Gravell, Thomas, & George Miller. American Watermarks 1690-1835. 2nd edition, rev. with assistance of Elizabeth Walsh. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press, 2002.

Walsh, Michael J. “Contemporary Broadside Editions of the Declaration of Independence,” in Harvard Library Bulletin III (1949): 31-43.

Gravell, Thomas, & George Miller. A Catalogue of Foreign Watermarks found on Paper Used in America 1700-1835. New York: Garland, 1983.

Heawood, Edward. Watermarks, mainly of the 17th and 18th Centuries. Hilversum: Paper Publication Society, 1950.

Hedges, Henry P. An Address, delivered ... on the 200th Anniversary of the Settlement ... of East Hampton. Sag Harbor: Correction Office, 1850.

Weiss, Frederick Lewis. Colonial Clergy and the Colonial Churches of New England. Lancaster, Mass., 1936.

Welles, Albert. History of the Buell Family in England ... and America. New York: Society Library, 1881.

Woodward, Ruth L. “John Lyon Gardiner,” 396-399 in Princetonians, 1784-1790, A Biographical Dictionary. Princeton: Princeton U. Press, 1991.

BLANCHARD’S -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

POTSDAM, NEW YORK LOT SUMMARIES The Mulford-Gardiner-Buell Papers Entire collection to be sold in two separate lots as follows LOT A THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and eight supporting documents, i.e., the items listed on the following pages as items 41 through 49 only, being Col. David Mulford’s exemplar of John Holt’s New York printing of THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE (one of only five known copies of Evans 15158, the present copy being the only one still in private hands) bearing autograph superscription “S[..]ampton July: 24: 1776 | Coll. Mulford Sir | as the within Closed Letters are an Express | I made Bold to Open & Read them | I am Sr Your Humble Servt: | Uriah Rogers | [flourish]”, and eight later items documenting Mulford descendants’ ownership of this Declaration, as described in the following pages as items 41 through 49.

Estimate $500,000 to $1,000,000 LOT B the rest of the MULFORD-GARDINER-BUELL PAPERS, being items 1 through 40 and 50 through 83 only, that is, all The MulfordGardiner-Buell Papers except for those offered as Lot A (above), documenting in highly varied detail the history of East Hampton, L.I., New York, from 1667 to 1815, and including the family’s rare or unique exemplars of, e.g., Evans 1463 (item 2), Evans 1841 (item 4), an early product of John Peter Zenger’s press (item 7), Paul Revere’s early copperplate engraving for Long Islanders (item 23), an unrecorded New York broadside of William Pitt’s (the Earl of Chatham’s) 20 January 1775 speech to the House of Lords urging the withdrawal of His Majesty’s troops from Boston (item 36), Evans 14933 (item 38), Evans 14937 (item 40), Evans 14783 (item 52), unrecorded broadside orders by William Howe (item 53), and many wholly manuscript documents recording (many of them uniquely) details of the history of East Hampton, Long Island, before and during the Revolutionary era, including important documents regarding the local enslavement of named AfricanAmerican women, men, and children (viz., items 26, 56, 61, 69, and 75), and other matters of historical interest and importance, as described in the following pages as items 1 through 40 and 50 through 83.

Estimate $25,000 to $50,000

The Mulford-Gardiner-Buell Papers 1. Manuscript deposition beginning “The Depossion [sic] of Mr Thomas James taken At Easthampton this 18th Day of October: 1667 Testifieth ...” and concluding “This taken upon Oath before mee John Mulford”, i.e., the English-born Mulford immigrant ancestor (father of Samuel the Whaler, author of item 4, below) who had settled in South Hampton by 1643 before helping found East Hampton in 1650. Half-sheet of imported paper measuring ~31.2 x 19.5 cm. Vertical chainlines, watermarked [single-handled bulbous pot/vase holding tall flower arrangement measuring in all 10.7 cm. high] (not in Gravell & Miller Foreign; cf. Heawood nos. 3690-3694). [1]p., verso docketted in two different contemporary hands “Mr James depo:” and “The depostion [sic] of Mr Thomas James”. Expected wear along folds, minor marginal losses.

English-born immigrant Thomas James (1620-1696) served as first minister of East Hampton’s First Church and regional Indian missionary from 1650 until shortly before he died in 1696 (Thompson, Long Island, 1918, 2: 124; Weis, Colonial Clergy, 1936, 116). In this sworn deposition he details his knowledge of several named local Indian tribes and the boundaries “they [emphasis in original] knew ... of ye several plantations in those parts” prior to, and early in, English settlement of the area. The deposition includes statements of the traveling and interviewing James undertook in order to learn these details upon having been “earnestly desired by them of Southampton towne to be some meanes in their behalfe to procure ye testimony, or affirmation of ye Montaukut Indians concerning ye bounds of Shinnikute [i.e., Shinnecock] Indians”.

2. Mather, Cotton. Elizabeth in her Holy Retirement. An Essay To Prepare a Pious Woman for her Lying In. Boston in N.E. Printed by B. Green, for Nicholas Boone, at his Shop in Corn Hill. 1710. 12mo (13.4 x 8.2 cm.), [4], 36 p. Legible portion of distinct watermark abuts outer edge of final leaf. Sewn in very early decorated paper wrapper. Inside front wrapper inscribed in very early hands (steady hand) “N H” and (slightly shaking hand) “For Mary Gardiner”; top margin of title-page inscribed (steady) “N H”. Dog-eared with associated loss to fore-corners, including small bits of print.

Evans 1463, Holmes, Cotton Mather 108A, ESTC w31866 (4 copies). The second British North American printed book devoted to pregnancy, the sole earlier one (John Oliver’s A Present to be Given to Teeming Women) having been printed (also at Boston) in 1694.

“N H” may be the Rev. Mr. Nathaniel Huntting (1675-1753), a 1693 graduate of Harvard College who was installed as second pastor of East Hampton’s First Church in 1699 and continued there until his death. Mrs. Mary Gardiner (1725-1811, née Smith) married Abraham Gardiner (1720/1-1782) of Gardiner Island in Nathaniel Huntting’s church in 1745 (when Huntting was 70 years old). In 1750 Mrs. Gardiner became the mother of Rachel Gardiner and so, later, the mother-in-law of Maj. David Mulford (1754-1799, son of Phebe Huntting and Col. David Mulford). In older age Mary Gardiner thought sufficiently of her books to divide them between three named beneficiaries in her 1799 will (item 76, below).

3. Manuscript deed executed September 22, 1714, “in the 13th year of the reign of our soveraign Lady Ann of Great Brittain, France &

Ireland, Queen &c.” by which James Barbar, mason, “of Easthampton, in the County of Suffolk, upon the Island of Nassau, in the Province of New york, in America,” conveys (with the explicit approval of his wife Ann Barbar) to Nathanael Huntting a specified piece of land (which Barbar had previously purchased from Seth Parsons) for a named sum of money.

Signed and sealed by James Barbar, and marked and sealed by his wife Ann Barbar. Witnessed with autograph signature by Thomas Davies and literate mark (A P) by Abigail Pain. Full sheet of imported paper measuring 41.6 x 32.6 cm.

Horizontal chainlines, watermarked and countermarked [Pro Patria]—IV. [1]p., verso docketted “James Barbars deed to N H” and carrying official clerk’s entry memorandum.

Worn along folds with minor loss to about one dozen words. Red wax seals chipped.

4. Mulford, Samuel. An Information. [?London: Benjamin Harris? 1716]‡ Folio, 4 p.

Full sheet measuring 36.4 x 46.5 cm., folded once to form bifolium measuring 36.4 x 23.2 cm. Vertical chainlines, small legible watermark straddling spine-fold’s center (not in Gravell & Miller Foreign or American). Printed area of each type-page (excluding page numbers and catch-words): 32.9 x 15.7 cm. Spots of staining, dirt, and time-darkening to top half of first page, with slight textual loss at fold there; separated along spine-fold and central horizontal fold, with related loss to, and of, words near each page’s center, and related browning and embrittlement there (see illustrations of complete work).

Evans 1841, ESTC w24276 (HSP and NYSL only). ‡ Sixty years before colonists’ cry against “Taxation without Representation,” Capt. Samuel Mulford (1644-1725, father of Samuel, 1678-1743, and Matthew, 1689-1774, grandfather of Col. David Mulford, 1722-1778, great-grandfather of Maj. David Mulford, 17541799—all of whom are represented in papers

listed below) here conveys his arguments against taxing New York whalers and in favor of his own supra-colonial right to the legal processes due him as a British subject. As to background: “It hath been a Custom, for above 60 Years, (several Years before NewYork was subjected to the Crown of England) for their Majesties Subjects, on the East End of Long-Island ... to go out upon the Seas adjacent to their Land, Six Men in a Small Boat to take and kill Whales ...” (Note our emendation of second round bracket.)

Extraordinarily important for its maritime, legal, and political content, this work did not appear in the ground-breaking exhibition The Colonial Scene, 1620-1800 (Worcester: JCB and AAS, 1950) only because the contributing librarians neither owned, nor had seen a copy. ‡ In 1903 Charles Evans supplied the imprint “New-York: Printed by William Bradford, 1716.” Mulford’s work has appeared in bibliographies of American printing ever since.

Yet I think Bradford was too cautious to print it (for reasons J. P. Zenger would later encounter); and its 78-line folio page does not appear elsewhere in Bradford’s work (cf. Evans 453).

Reading Mulford’s Information through to its final lines, one senses that the copy-text handed to the printer was probably finished in London, whither Mulford took his grievance in 1716 (via Boston, according to Hedges, 1850, 21).

Among London printers, Anglo-American dissident Benjamin Harris (fl. 1673-1716) was a likely stop (after a coffee house frequented by Americans, and an inn) for a colonial with a printing chore like Mulford’s. And it is in Harris’s work—e.g., The Protestant Tutor (London: Printed and Sold by B. Harris, 1716)—that we find An Information’s type (cf.

Evans 1996!), including its lovely italic 2-form Q. Hence our tentatively supplied imprint. On Harris’s type, work, and character, see Arbour, “James Franklin, Apprentice, Artisan, Dissident,” PBSA 94 (2000), 348-373, esp. 366-370.

5. Autograph note reading in full: “december th 5 1716 Mr Hedgis let the barer have 2 sides of leather for indian shoas not large hides and place it to the accompt of my father [i.e., Capt.

Samuel Mulford, 1644-1725] and in so doing you will obloyg your friend Matt Mulferd” (1689-1774). Four lines of ciphering at lower left. Small chit measuring 8.8 x 8.5 cm.

Horizontal chainlines, no watermark. [1]p., verso carries fragment of earlier writing exercises.

figuring Matthew Mulford’s age as of 1728 near bottom edge of recto.

Printed with the mortised initial block known as Reilly # 424, which enables us to assign this commission to the New York press of John Peter Zenger. According to Isaiah Thomas, sometime after Zenger died, his press and types were acquired by James Parker, printer of items 17 and 20 (below), qq.v.

6. Autograph note reading in full: “Mr Hedgis let the barer have leather for 5 pair of shoas: and mark the prise on it: on the acount of my father. and you will obloyg your friend Matthew Mulford decemb th 18 1716”. Three lines of ciphering at lower left. Small chit measuring 6.6 x 13.6 cm. Vertical chainlines, no watermark. [1]p., verso blank (no docketting).

7. Partially printed New York military commission completed in manuscript on November 29, 1728, for “Matthew Mulford Gentleman,” making him “Captain of the Second first Company of Militia of East hampton on Long Island,” with autograph signature of J[ohn] Montgomeree, “Cap. General and Governor in Chief of the Provinces of New-York, New-Yersey [sic], and the Territories depending thereon in America” and attested with autograph signature by Deputy Secretary JS Robin. [New York: John Peter Zenger, 1728.] Full sheet of imported paper measuring 41.6 x 32.4 cm., folded once to 20.8 x 32.4 cm. Horizontal chainlines, watermarked and countermarked [Arms of Amsterdam]— PHB (not in Gravell & Miller Foreign). Printed area 16.0 x 23.8 cm. [1]p., others blank (no docketting). Age-darkened, minor off-setting from mortised initial block (see below) consequent to folded storage, minor wear along folds with associated loss to unprinted areas at intersections. Later lightly pencilled note (probably by Robert L. Mulford, 1822-1899)

8. Manuscript quitclaim dated April 29, 1737, signed and sealed by Samuel Mulford (16781743, son of Samuel the Whaler), by which he cedes to his brother Elias Mulford (1685-1760) his own three-thirteenths share in “a Lot of [lan]d No. 36 laid out in the bounds of Easthampton” and his similar share of anything thereon. Witnessed with autograph signatures

by Barnabas Mulford and Esther Mulford. Halfsheet of imported paper measuring 31.3 x 19.6 cm. Vertical chainlines, countermarked [crown

GR sprigs encircled]. [1]p., verso blank (no docketting). Rumpled and tired, worn along folds, especially center vertical fold, with associated loss of paper thereabouts entailing loss to fewer than 20 words. Red wax seal largely intact. Below Samuel Mulford’s signature appears the light pencil annotation: “(son of Capt Samuel who died in 1725 RLM)”, i.e., Robert L. Mulford (1821-1899).

9. Manuscript last will and testament dated April 20, 1742, marked (J H) and sealed by Jerusha Hedges (Aug. 22, 1714—May 21, 1742, née Mulford, daughter of Col. Matthew and Elizabeth Chatfield) of Easthampton “widdow and relict of Jeremiah Hedges late of sd town Deceast”. Witnessed with autograph signatures

by Tho. Chatfield, Elizabeth Conkling, and Matthew Mulford (1689-1774). Half-sheet of imported paper measuring 31.2 x 19.1 cm.

Vertical chainlines, countermarked [crown]GR. [1]p., verso blank except for docketting “Jerusha Hedgis Last Will”. Surface abraded with associated textual fading, worn along folds, red wax seal largely chipped away.

Text specifies bequests of wearing apparel to her sisters Elisabeth Gardiner (née Mulford, 1714-1754) and Esther Mulford (1719-1757, married Jonathan Huntting Sept. 16, 1742), and the care and improvement of her farm for the benefit of her only child, son David Hedges (born 1737), etc., with alternate specified bequests if David does not survive to his 21st birthday.

10. Manuscript last will and testament dated June 23, 1743, signed and sealed by Samuel Mulford (1678-1743, son of Samuel the Whaler) “of Easthampton in the County of suffolk in the Province of New york yeoman being weake in body but of perfect sound mind and memory ...”

Witnessed with autograph signatures by Thomas Osborn Jr., Jacup Schillinks [i.e., Jacob Schellinx], and John Daviss. Full sheet of imported paper measuring 38.7 x 31.5 cm.

Horizontal chainlines, watermarked and countermarked [Garter Arms]—[crown GR sprigs encircled]. [1]p., verso docketted “Samuell Mulfords Will”, below which appears a lightly penciled much later note identifyng SM (probably by Robert L. Mulford). Slightly worn along folds, with very minor associated loss at intersections.

Principal bequest is of all Mulford’s lands and buildings to his wife Sarah for her and their daughter Elizabeth’s maintenance, “so that they may have a Comfortable subsistance in this world”.

11. Undated and unsigned manuscript index to a lost or unlocated account book tentatively attributed here to a male member of the Mulford family (see below), entries written in brownblack ink, index letters in red. Narrow fascicle of imported paper measuring 20.7 x 9.1 cm. and comprising [17]p. + blanks. Sewn with original thread. Vertical chainlines, watermarked and countermarked [Garter Arms]—[crown GR sprigs encircled]. Two stray manuscript iterations of the name “Dick Mulford,” neither connected with index entries, cause us to assign the index to the Mulford family (rather than the Gardiners or Buells).

Because the watermark and countermark identify this paper as from the same lot on which the previous item was written, we tentatively date the present item 1743±, and suggest this dating be further investigated with the range 1740-1748 in mind.

Of the many scores of long-time East Hampton names included in this index, we note especially the important entry “Isaks Aron jew”.

Aaron Isaacs was the German-Jewish immigrant and Revolutionary patriot who thrilled the region sometime before 1751, when he converted to Christianity and joined Samuel Buell’s First Church of East Hampton (Rosenbloom, Early American Jews, 1960, 65).

The date of Isaacs’s conversion has never been settled; but we know he converted before he

married Mary Hedges and that all their children were baptized as infants (for their son Aaron Isaaks Jr., see items 32 and 73, below). The present index is undated (and the dates of the lost or unlocated account book entries recording Mulford’s business with Isaacs and the many other men whose names appear here are not recorded in this document, as per usual with indexes). Therefore, only by using the vague help provided by this document’s watermark evidence to estimate its date might we be able to approximate the year before which the man here identified as a Jew had not converted.

12. Manuscript last will and testament dated October 1, 1743, marked and sealed by Sarah Mulford “of Easthampton ... widdow and Relict of Samuel Mulford [1678-1743, who had recently died, son of Samuel the Whaler]”.

Witnessed with autograph signatures by Tho. Chatfield, Nathaniel Baker, and Jonathan Huntting. Half-sheet of imported paper measuring 31.5 x 19.2 cm. Vertical chainlines, watermarked [crown Arms of England]. [1]p., verso blank (no docketting). Separated along folds with minor associated loss, chipped into text along right edge.

Includes bequests to Edward Mulford (son of her late brother-in-law Timothy Mulford, 1681-1741) and her principal legatee, her own daughter Elizabeth Conkling “who is betrothed in Marriage [since Oct. 22, 1724] to Luis [i.e., Lewis] Conkling Junr [bapt. Jan. 18 1701/2], who is and hath bin for a Long time, bereaved of his Reason, and not capable of any business whatsoever,” etc.

13. Manuscript record, from 1712 to 1745, of the publication of intentions and marriage of Matthew Mulford (1689-1774) and Elizabeth Chatfield (ca. 1687-1754), the births and deaths of their children (including sets of twins), some intervening miscarriages and still-births, subsequent marriages of children who survived to adulthood, deaths of their spouses, etc., with dates for all these events, and times of day for some of them. Half-sheet measuring ~33.0 x ~20.5. Vertical chainlines, no watermark. [1]p., verso blank (except for ciphering and several stray ms. words). Edges ragged, separated along folds with associated chipping resulting in loss to several words.

14. Undated contemporary copy, in an as-yet unidentified hand, of a letter ending with scribal (i.e., non-autograph) signature of its author, the Presbyterian clergyman, home-educated Yale honoree (M.A. 1725), and College of New Jersey promoter Gilbert Tennent (1703-1764), circa 1745 (?), to “dear Brother” (i.e., the Rev. Dr. Stephen Williams of Longmeadow, Massachusetts*). Closely written in two columns on a half-sheet measuring 31.2 x 19.6 cm., verso docketted (in the same hand responsible for the letter’s text proper) “Mr Tennents about lay teaching”. Vertical chainlines; countermarked [crown]GR. Separated along two folds, with associated chipping resulting in loss to about six words. [*According to The Christian Parlor Magazine, 1: 368, where the text of this letter was printed from a different manuscript exemplar, perhaps the original, in 1845.]

Approximately 400-word letter commencing “dear Brother, As to that par=|=ticular, you mention in your viz of laymens being sent out to exhort & teach ...” and closing, “May Zions King protect his church. I add no more but love & best remembrance in yr prayers G. Tennent”. On lay teaching, the dangers enthusiasm poses to American churches, the “confused medly of rank Antinomianism, Arminianism & Quakerism” of “a late sect come into this part of the country called moravia [sic] brethren,” and similar reports and opinions.

This contemporary copy’s presence in the collection suggests it may have early been in the possession of the ill-fated 1732 Yale graduate and Southold minister John Davenport (17161757), a revivalist who preached, somewhat controversially, in East Hampton in the 1740s (Ames, Brief History, 16). For we know Davenport corresponded with Stephen Williams of Longmeadow (see above). By the same

token, this copy could alternatively, or also, be here because it was early in the hands of the East Hampton ministers Nathaniel Huntting (1675-1753, for whom Davenport substituted), Samuel Buell (1716-1798), both, or a different member of the Mulford-Gardiner-Buell clan.

(For notes on Buell’s life, see under item 19, below.) In any case, this copy is a good example of publication through manuscript copy circulation.

15. Manuscript deed dated May 18, 1748, marked and sealed by Sarah Mulford “of Easthampton ... widdow and Relict of Samuel Mulford [1678-1743, son of Samuel the Whaler],” by which widow Mulford conveys, for a specified price, to her brother-in-law Matthew Mulford (1689-1774) the house and land previously given to her by her late husband.

Witnessed with autograph signatures by Jonathan Huntting and Ebenezer Jennings (both possible clues to Sarah’s birth-surname). Halfsheet of imported paper measuring 32.7 x 21.2 cm. Vertical chainlines, watermarked (3 lines of text: long, short, longest) ... | ...| ...ERIGORD (cf. Gravell Watermark Archive‡ no. 5723— “added 25 September 2009 from Gravell’s French Watermark Collection”—aka Gravell F[rench]-93: R JARDEL | FIN | PERIGORD | 1742). [1]p., verso carries detailed contemporary annotations, one attested to by Judge Tho. Chatfield. Mouse-nibbled, with significant related loss to 5 text lines midway through the document and to one of the verso memoranda. ‡www.gravell.org Compiled and maintained

by Daniel W. Mosser and Ernest W. Sullivan, II

16. Unsigned manuscript sermon dated “[East]hampton Decbr ye 28th 1746,” preached on the Old Testament text Isaiah 63:4, “For ye Day of [vengean]ce [i]s in my heart & ye y[ear of] my Redeemed is Come.” Small fascicle of imported paper, sewn with original thread, measuring 15.5 x 9.3 cm. Vertical chainlines, identifiable watermark distributed over several leaves. Pages [1-8] and [17-24] (only) of 24, i.e., p. [9-16] having been neatly torn out at early date. Stained, outermost pages abraded and dirtied with related loss to some words (virtually all reconstructable).

Handwriting comparisons suggest that the sermon is not Samuel Buell’s work. It might be the work of either a guest preacher delivered from Buell’s East Hampton pulpit, or another local minister (some of whom, and some of whose descendants, married into the MulfordGardiner-Buell clan).

17. Partially printed New York military commission completed in manuscript on October 13, 1748, for “David Mulford Gent” (1722-1778) making him “Lieut of a Company of Militia Foot in East Hampton in Suffolk County whereof Nathaniel Baker is Captain in the Regiment whereof Richard Floyd Esqr. is Colonel,” with autograph signature of G. Clinton as “Captain General and Governor in Chief of the Province of New-York and Territories thereon depending in America,” and attested with autograph signature by Deputy Secretary Jno Catherwood. [New York: James Parker, 1748.] Full sheet of imported paper measuring 41.2 x 31.4 cm., folded once to 20.6 X 31.4 cm. Horizontal chainlines; watermarked and countermarked [Pro Patria]—[crown]GR. Printed area 16.5 x 22.6. [1]p., others blank except for p. [4] docketting “David Mulford Ensign Lieutenant”. Slightly worn along folds.

Printed with the mortised initial block known as Reilly # 367, which enables us to assign this commission to the press of James Parker, who printed in New York as Benjamin

Franklin’s partner from 1742 to 1748 (Lemay, The Life of Benjamin Franklin 2: 398) and on his own thereafter. According to Isaiah Thomas, Parker purchased John Peter Zenger’s press and types and later formed a partnership with John Holt (Thomas, History of Printing in America, 2nd ed., 1874, 1: 298-299). For these other printers’ work, see items 7, above, and 41, etc., below.

18. Autograph note reading in full: “Mr Hedges I desir you to let Long Jack have 2 Bushel of corn or one if you cannot Spar any more & so dowing you will Oblige me your friend to serve John Mulford East[..] July ye 17 1752”. Small chit measuring 5.5 x 12.5 cm.

Horizontal chainlines, no watermark. [1]p.

19. Manuscript deed of gift signed and sealed May 26, 1756, by Peter Buell (1684-1769) of Coventry, Windham Co., Connecticut, fully and freely giving “for & in considrattion [sic] of ye Love & affection i bare to my Son Samuel Buell of Easthamton on long island in ye provence of new york ... one peace or parsel of” specified land in Coventry. Witnessed with autograph signatures by Joseph Strong Jr. and Tabitha Strong, and with autograph registration by Coventry town clerk Noah Porter. Half-sheet measuring 31.0 x 19.4 cm. Vertical chainlines, no watermark. [1]p., verso thrice docketted.

Refers also to a lot already given to PB’s daughter Hannah Kimball. Worn along two horizontal folds with very minor associated chipping.

Samuel Buell (1716-1798) studied theology under Jonathan Edwards, graduated from Yale in 1741, and was ordained in 1742.

He worked as an itinerant preacher from 1742 to 1745; and was installed as pastor of the East Hampton’s First Church on September 19, 1746 (Edwards preached the installation sermon). Buell would lead this congregation until his death in 1798. Circa 1767 he married as his second wife Mary Mulford (1736-1783, daughter of Elisha Mulford); and, after her death, Jeremiah Miller’s daughter Mary Miller (1766-1844) circa 1787. His own daughter Jerusha Buell (1749-1782) would become the mother of his Gardiner grandchildren (see, e.g., items 68, 74, etc., below). References: Thompson, Long Island, 1918, 2: 129; Weis, Colonial Clergy, 45; Welles, History, 59-62.

20. Partially printed New York military commission completed in manuscript on February 13, 1758, for “David Mulford Esquire” (1722-1778), making him “Captain of the first Com[pany of militia] for t[h]e Township of Easth[ampton in] Suffolk County,” with autograph signature of James De Lancey as “His Majesty’s Lieutenant-Governor, and Commander in Chief in and over th[e Province of New-]York,” his wafered seal, and autograph attestation of English-born Deputy Secretary Gro Banyar (i., Goldsboro Banyar, 1724-1815).

[New York: James Parker, 1757 or 1758.] Halfsheet of imported paper measuring ~20.0 x 31.1 cm. Horizontal chainlines, watermarked [Coat of Arms]DURHAM. [1]p., verso blank (no docketting). Printed area 16.7 x 22.8 cm.

Separated along all folds, with associated old celo-tape or celo-tape residue; top right eighth gone, with complete loss of text there and of several manuscript or printed words elsewhere.

Printed with the mortised initial block known as Reilly # 367, which enables us to assign this commission to the New York press of James Parker.

21. Manuscript literary composition, being a paraphrase of Proverbs 27:1 addressed and dated “For Mrs. Mary Mulford | March ye 19th 1758.” Half-sheet of imported paper measuring 31.0 x 18.6 cm. Vertical chainlines, watermarked [inverted bell GR and sprigs within circle surmounted by small crown] (cf.

Gravell & Miller, Foreign # 293). [1]p., verso blank. Marginal tears, with related loss of a few letters.

First stanza: “[E]ternal Worlds, of Weal or Wo, | In awful Majesty, | Hang on the present fleeting Now, | In all their Distiny.” Mrs. Mary Mulford might possibly be the Mary Mason who married Elias Mulford (1685-1760, son of Samuel and grandson of Samuel the Whaler).

22. Manuscript apprenticeship agreement dated September 3, 1759, signed and sealed by David Gardiner (?1718-1779 or 1738-1774? if the latter, then the husband of Jerusha Buell) of the Isle of Wight [i.e., Gardiner Island], marked and sealed by Bess Pinick and her son Benjamin Pinick, by which the last-named agrees to serve the first-named as “a Servant and Apprentice” for a specified term in exchange for specified payments to be made to his mother and himself at specified times, clothes for himself, etc.

Wafered red wax seals intact. Witnessed with autograph signatures by Wheeler Case and Henery [sic] Sherill. Half-sheet of imported paper measuring 31.6 x 19.3 cm. Vertical chainlines, countermarked [crown]GR. [1]p., verso docketted “Benjamin Pinok his Iindent [sic] Sep. 3 1759”. Edges chipped, worn along folds with associated loss of a few letters; part of verso dirty.

23. Two undated armorial bookplates engraved for John Gardiner (1714-1764) of Gardiner Island by Paul Revere of Boston (1734-1818), not long after he took up copperplate engraving, i.e., in the early 1760s. Both exemplars pulled through the press with a neatly cut chit of paper masking “John”—one with “Nathl” handwritten in that space, the other left blank. Both exemplars measure approximately 10.5 x 8.2 cm., with chainlines but no obvious watermarks.

Platemarks measure approximately 9.5 x 6.85 cm. Both versos blank. The exemplar with “Nathl” added is stained and somewhat tattered; both are rumpled.

References: Allen, American Book-Plates # 295; Brigham, Paul Revere’s Engraving, revised ed., p. 158 & 161, and plate 52.

24. Manuscript bond signed and sealed on May 18, 1765, by Dr. Jonathan Huntting of Hanover, Morris Co., New Jersey, by which Dr. Huntting binds himself unto his Long Island kinsmen John Huntting, Samuel Huntting, and David Mulford (1722-1778) in the sum of “One

Hundred Pounds current money of New York” because they have themselves stood bond in a specified instance that may entangle them in legal expenses on the signer’s behalf.

Witnessed with autograph signatures by Edward Jones and Edwd [sic] Huntting. Half-sheet of imported paper measuring 31.0 x 19.5 cm.

Vertical chainlines, countermarked [crown]GR. [1]p., verso docketted “Jonathan Hunttings Bond”.

25. Manuscript indenture dated July 12, 1768, signed and sealed by Matthew Mulford (16891774) and Elias Hand, by which Mulford leases to Hand a farm of 50 acres, with buildings thereon, “situate lying and being in Easthampton ... at a village called Wenscut [i.e., Wainscott],” which Mulford had previously bought from Hand. Witnessed with autograph signatures by John Chatfield and Thomas Leek.

Half-sheet of imported paper measuring 30.65 x 18.85 cm. Vertical chainlines, watermarked [Arms of England]. [1]p., verso blank (no docketting). Separated along one horizontal fold, chipped along others with loss of several letters.

This document appears to us to have been drawn up by the man (Scribe A) who may have instructed David Lyon Gardiner in penmanship, and perhaps also legal writing.

26. Manuscript probate copy (headed “Sir Henry Moore, Baronet Captain General, and Governor in Chief, in and over the Province of New york...”) of the last will and testament of John Huntting deceased of Easthampton, Suffolk County, Province of New York. Two full sheets of imported paper each measuring 32.9 x 39.6 cm., folded once one inside the other, sewn through spine-fold with original green thread. Vertical chainlines, watermarked and countermarked [Vryheyt lion, etc.]—[crown GR sprigs]. Folio, [8]p., p. [2] and [6-7] blank, p. [8] docketted “5th August 1768 Probate of the

will of John Huntting Decd”. Official seal detached from p. [1] and gone.

John Huntting here specifically mentions his daughters and daughters-in-law (his spellings) Jane Conkling, Ruth Miller, Mary Osborn, Phebe Mulford (wife of Col. David and mother of Maj. David), Lucresha Miller, Temperence Conckling, Jerushea Hedges, and Ester Chatfield. Among specified bequests are one to his beloved wife Clemmence of “my Negrow gal Judah”.

27. Manuscript quitclaim signed and sealed by Martha Buell (step-mother of the Rev. Mr. Samuel Buell of East Hampton) of Coventry, Windham Co., Connecticut, by which she waives her dower rights in her late husband Peter Buell’s estate in favor of other named heirs, in exchange for “the Sum of three Pounds Nine Shillings & 4d ... to be paid to me ... annually during my Natural Life ...” Witnessed with autograph signatures by Ephraim Root and Uriah Brigham, and notorized of Root. Halfsheet of imported paper measuring 31.8 x 19.3 cm. Vertical chainlines, watermarked [crown Arms of England]. [1]p., verso docketted “Martha Buels [sic] Quit Claim to Saml. Buel [sic] &c &c”. Red wax seal largely chipped away.

28. Manuscript receipt by which Elias Buell acknowledges receiving “of Samll Buell of East Hampton on Long Island Executor to ye Estate of Peter Buell Esqr Late of Coventry Deceasd ye Following Articals to Dispose of ...” Articles specified and priced are two beds, a clock, and a chair. Single sheet of imported paper measuring 20.2 x 19.6 cm. Vertical chainlines, countermarked [crown]GR. [2]p., including docketting and labelled accounts on verso.

Samuel Buell’s brother Elias also here signs for the receipt of listed and valued

livestock from their father Peter’s estate, which have already become EB’s own property.

29. Revoked manuscript last will and testament of Matthew Mulford (1689-1774) completed on August 27, 1772, witnessed that day with autograph signatures by Elisha Mulford, Huntting Miller, and Jno. Cooke—and later revised in seven places (with cancellations and interlineations) before the testator (or someone else?) revoked the document by cutting away his autograph signature or mark and seal. Full sheet of imported paper measuring ~39.0 x 31.1 cm.

Horizontal chainlines, watermarked and countermarked [Garter Arms bell]—[crown GR sprigs encircled] (cf. Gravell & Miller Foreign # 50 and # 290). [1]p., verso docketted “Matthew Mulford’s last Will and Testament 27th. August 1772”. Signature or mark and seal cut away (see above), right edge and folds ragged, with associated loss to about eight words.

Principal bequest to son David Mulford (1722-1778); others specified (and here altered) to grandchildren David Hedges, John Gardiner, Elizabeth Gardiner, Jerusha Gardiner, Jonathan Huntting, and Matthew Huntting. Note that the testator signed his lease of July 12, 1768 (item 25, above) but marked his subsequent will of April 23, 1774 (item 34, below).

30. Manuscript receipt reading in full: “Tolland May ye 24: 1773— then Recd of ye Revrend Mr Samuel Buel [sic] fifteen Shillings in full of a Legise [i.e., Legacy] for his Part for ye year 1772— I say Receivd by me Martha Buell” (i.e., Samuel Buell’s step-mother). Large chit measuring 9.0 x 19.0 cm. Vertical chainlines, with bottom-most portion of countermark ending GR abutting top edge.

[1]p., verso blank (no docketting).

31. Manuscript receipt by which Caleb Stanley acknowledges receiving “of Mr Saml Buell Adminstrator Executor to the Estate of Capt Peter Buell of Coventry Deceasd the sum of Twelve shillings and six pence ...” Wide chit measuring 6.4 x 18.6 cm. Vertical chainlines, no watermark. [1]p., verso docketted “Caleb Stanley Recd 12/6”.

32. Autograph letter signed Rachel Gardiner (1750-1811, daughter of Mary Smith and Col. Abraham Gardiner) dated Easthampton 2nd February 1774 to “My Dear Miss Betsey”.

Single sheet measuring 31.4 x 19.5 cm.

Horizontal chainlines, no watermark. [1]p., verso blank.

A highly accomplished letter of about 443 words (plus dating, salutation, and closing) in which Gardiner (soon to be married to Maj. David Mulford, 1754-1799) tells of the results of “my sister Thompson’s” (i.e., Mary Gardiner, 1746-1786, married Isaac Thompson in 1772) recent confinement and her adjustment to nursing her first child (Jonathan Thompson, 1773-1846—eventually author of item 80, below), her own frame of mind, the speed with which young women have been marrying lately and (yet) the backwardness of some young men “in your place ... as well as here,” and the like.

At date of writing the recipient appears to be in Rhode Island with her mother; and since Gardiner cannot hope to spend more time away from home soon, she hopes the recipient will soon be able to pay her family a visit, “as the Voyage is but about 24 Hours, and not long out of sight of Land”. Among other items, Gardiner also mentions her sister Phebe and reports, “among the rest Miss Mulford is married to Aaron Isaacs” (emphasis in original), a reference to Esther Mulford and Aaron Isaacs, Junior (b. 1752). Isaacs was son of the German-Jewish immigrant and Revolutionary patriot who had thrilled the region before 1751 when he converted to Christianity, married Mary Hedges of East Hampton, and joined

Samuel Buell’s First Church (Rosenbloom, Early American Jews, 65).

33. Manuscript financial accounts dated April 6, 1774, recording debts due Thomas Everet from ten named East Hampton men, with credits due them from him, resulting in a £225/6s/3d balance for Everet. Single sheet of imported paper measuring 29.9 x 37.7 cm., folded to form bifolium measuring 29.9 x 18.8 cm. Vertical chainlines, watermarked and countermarked [Garter Arms]—B NIND (not in Gravell & Miller Foreign). [3]p., 4th docketted “Mr Everits Accmpt”.

Among the East Hampton men named in the document are Col. David Mulford, Daniel Hedges, and Col. Gardiner. Includes the interesting note signed by several of these men, “We come to Count Capt. Bakers Money their was but 7£-15s-0d of it”.

34. Large fragment (missing top ~ 6.0 cm. or so) of scribal copy of last will of Matthew Mulford, dated April 23, 1774, marked by him with an X (cf. item 25, above) and witnessed with scribal signatures of Jeremiah Miller, Elisha Mulford Junior, and Jno Cooke. Single sheet of imported paper measuring 36.5 x 30.5 cm. Horizontal chainlines, watermarked and countermarked [Garter Arms]—[crown GR sprigs encircled] (cf. Gravell & Miller Foreign # 294-295). [1]p., verso blank . Chipped along folds and (as noted above) lacking top portion.

35. Manuscript probate copy (headed “Cadwallader Colden Esquire his Majestys Lieutenant Governor and Commander in Chief of the Province of New York...”) of the last will and testament of Matthew Mulford (16891774) deceased of Easthampton, Suffolk County, Province of New York, completed on June 22, 1772. Two full sheets of imported paper measuring 32.0 x 40.3 cm., folded once one inside the other, sewn through spine-fold with original green thread. Vertical chainlines,

one sheet watermarked and countermarked [Britannia]—J WHATMAN (cf. Gravell & Miller Foreign # 749-750), the other [Pro Patria]—[scrolling, symmetrical ovate 3-letter monogram, possibly GAR]. Folio, [8]p., p. [2] and [6-7] blank, p. [8] docketted “22nd June 1774 Probate of the will of Mathew Mulford deceased Recorded/~”. Official seal detached from top left of p. [1] and gone.

Matthew Mulford here designates son David Mulford (1722-1778) his principal legatee, and specifies other bequests, including specified money to grandchildren David Hedges, Elizabeth Gardiner, and Jerusha Gardiner.

36. Pitt, William. The Speech of the Right Honorable [sic] The Earl of Chatham, In the House of Lords, Jan. 20, 1775. [New York: Samuel Loudon, 1775.]§ Very large half-sheet, untrimmed on three sides, measuring 47.5 x 30.9 cm. Vertical chainlines, indicating this is half of a Small Royal sheet, no watermark. [1]p., verso blank. Printed area 42.8 x 26.1 cm. Four full-width headlines followed by small-type text in four columns separated by plain rules (each apparently a single piece). For the purpose of comparison, we note that the first line in second column of text reads exactly as follows: last resource---“ Acts of Parliament (say their advoNot in Evans, Bristol, Shipton-Mooney, or ESTC. Cf. the only other broadside version of this speech we have discovered (missed by NAIP, ESTC, et al): item # GR 78-10.71 in the Albany Inst. of History & Art’s DeWitt Clinton Broadside Collection, Box 1, folder 8 (not seen). §Imprint place initially posited here on the basis of the broadside’s presence here (and perhaps the Albany Institute), and its absence from GB’s Public Records Office and the British Library—and tentatively confirmed by the following evidence. Although Isaiah Thomas of Boston/Worcester and Samuel Loudon of New York (“decidedly a whig”— Thomas, Hist. of Printing, 2nd ed., 1: 312) were

not alone in owning the display types used for this broadside’s headlines (see, e.g., IT’s Evans 42285), the context provided by the MulfordGardiner-Buell papers favors Loudon as printer; and indeed the present broadside’s combination of large display and small text types (roman and italic) appears to recur in at least Loudon’s later signed New York work, e.g., Bristol B5940/ Shipton-Mooney 44571.

Chatham’s speech supports the parliamentary motion and petition to King George III “that immediate orders be dispatched to General Gage for removing his Majesty’s forces from the town of Boston, as soon as the rigour of the season, and other circumstances indispensable to the safety and accommodation of the said troops, may render the same practicable.”

37. Printed Continental money, viz., a Seven Dollar note on stiff paper, printed recto and verso, Philadelphia: Printed by Hall and Sellers.

1775. Completed in manuscript with serial number and autograph signatures by D. Clymer and G. Campbell (i.e., David Clymer and George Cambell). Verso comprises anticounterfeiting leaf-printing invented by Benjamin Franklin. Wanting large piece.

38. New York (State) Provincial Congress, 1776. Printed militia order headed “In Provincial Congress, New-York, March 4th, 1776” with autograph signature “Nathll.

Woodhull Presidt,” and concluding in type “A true Copy from the Minutes. | ROBERT BENSON, Sec.” [New York: Samuel Loudon, 1776.] Single sheet measuring 23.35 x 35.3 cm., folded to form bifolium. Horizontal chainlines, no watermark. Printed area 16.7 x 12.8 cm.

[1]p., others unprinted and blank except for manuscript address: “To | David Mulford Esqr. | Colo. of the 2d. Regiment of | Militia | Suffolk County”. Evans 14933 (supplying printer), ESTC w505971 (LC only, their copy not signed).

39. Conjugate pair of leaves, being the first and last only (i.e., four pages), of finished manuscript sermon notes, headed “East Hampt April 4, 1776”, on the Old Testament text “Psalms 62: 1: 2: Truly my soul waiteth upon God - I shall be greatly moved” attributable (the sermon, not the Psalm), we think, to the Rev. Mr. Samuel Buell on the evidence of the handwriting (cf. his holograph poem on the death of his son, item 63, below). Single sheet measuring 16.2 x 20.6 cm., folded to form a bifolium measuring 16.2 x 10.3 cm. Vertical chainlines, no watermark.

Approximately 530 words of (discontinuous) text, i.e., the sermon’s first two pages and its final two, lacking all intervening pages. Text concludes with summary statements of three “Uses” to which Buell directs his auditors to apply the Bible verses upon which he has here preached.

40. New York (State) Provincial Congress, 1776. Printed broadside resolutions headed “In PROVINCIAL CONGRESS, | NEW-YORK, June 20, 1776. | Whereas the Continental Congress, on the 14th Day of March last, did recommend it to [sic] the several Assemblies, Conventions, and Councils or Committees of Safety of the United Colonies, immediately to cause all Persons to be disarmed ...” and concluding with type signature “ROBERT BENSON, Secretary.” [New York: John Holt, 1776.] Broadside measuring 30.4 x 25.5 cm.

Horizontal chainlines, no watermark. Printed area 28.1 x 19.8 cm. [1]p., verso blank (no docketting). Two small spots of browning effecting six types in one text line, lightly offset elsewhere by folded storage.

Evans 14937 (supplying printer), ESTC w16541 (NYHS only). The New York Provincial Congress’s crucial move to ‘broaden the tent’ for New York’s Revolutionary

sympathisers by revising the forms of association previously prescribed for the colony’s Committees of Safety and their members—for “it hath been objected to the said Form of Association, that by obliging the Subscribers or Associators, in such general and express Terms, to defend the United Colonies

by Arms against the hostile Attempts of the British Fleets and Armies, it deprived them of the Rights reserved by the Militia Regulations, and imposed on them the Necessity of marching to the most distant of the Colonies whenever called upon. Which Construction of the said Association, however nice and casuistical, is inconsistent and fallacious... But as some of the Friends of the American Cause have been influenced by this Objection to refuse signing the said Association,” the present broadside publishes revisions of them as explicitly detailed herein, etc.

John Holt’s New York printing of the Declaration of Independence 41. United States of America. Congress. 1776.

White-Plains, July, 9 1776. In Convention of the Representatives of the State of New York.

Resolved Unanimously, That the Reasons assigned by the Continental Congress, for declaring the United Colonies Free and Independent States, are cogent and conclusive, and that while we lament the cruel Necessity which has rendered that Measure unavoidable, we approve the same, and will at the Risque of our Lives and Fortunes, join with the other Colonies in supporting it. Resolved, That a Copy of the said Declaration and the aforegoing Resolution be sent to the Chairman of the Committee of the County of Westchester, with Orders to publish the same with Beat of Drum, at this place, on Thursday next .... In Congress, July 4, 1776. A DECLARATION BY THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, IN GENERAL CONGRESS ASSEMBLED.... New-York: Printed by John Holt, in Water-Street [1776].

Full-sheet broadside, opening with the first printing of New York’s official concurrence with The Declaration (its delegates having abstained from voting in Philadelphia), measuring 52.4 x 31.5 cm.

Horizontal chainlines. Printed area 50.25 x 27.8 cm. [1]p., verso carrying only autograph superscription, “S[..]ampton July: 24: 1776 | Coll. Mulford Sir | as the within Closed Letters are an Express | I made Bold to Open & Read them | I am Sr Your Humble Servt: | Uriah Rogers | [flourish]”. (The enclosures referred to in this note are not present, perhaps having been forwarded by Col. Mulford upon receipt.)

Condition: see illustrations of recto and verso.

Evans 15158, Walsh 3, ESTC w14393.

One of only five exemplars known to have survived, the others being at the Westchester County (NY) Archives, New York Public Library, Cincinnati History Museum, and Henry

E. Huntington Library (San Marino, CA). For Isaiah Thomas’s assessment of Holt’s character and career, and his connection with James Parker (printer of items 16 and 20, above), see Thomas, History of Printing in America, 2nd ed., 1874, 1: 303-304.

The superscription’s Col. Mulford was, of course, David Mulford (1722-1778) of East Hampton. Uriah Rogers (1737-1814) served as Major in Mulford’s regiment during the Revolution. On August 31, 1776, Southhampton’s Committee of Safety permitted Rogers to remove himself and his family to Connecticut. He died back on Long Island, long after the Revolution, aged 77 (Mather, Refugees of 1776, 536-537).

Preliminary letter-by-letter collation of the present exemplar with the Yale exemplar of John Dunlap’s first broadside printing of the Declaration (as illustrated in Goff, 1976, 25) discloses only one substantive textual variant: where Dunlap printed “former Systems of Government” in his line 19, Holt here prints ~ system ~. All other variants are of accidentals, viz.: whereas Dunlap followed Benjamin Franklin’s practice of beginning common nouns with upper-case letters, Holt (or the second of his broadside’s two compositors, i.e., the one who set the Holt Declaration in type, but not the New York prologue to it) usually begins them with lower-case letters; and Holt (or his second compositor) omits eight commas (by our count) that Dunlap printed, but adds several punctuation marks not in Dunlap, changes another, etc. Holt’s only suggestive accidental change is to Dunlap’s line-11 printing “Pursuit of Happiness– -That to”. This Holt here prints as “Pursuit of Happiness.— That to”. Holt’s punctuation of this phrase coincides exactly with the American Philosophical Society’s unique parchment Dunlap broadside (item IV in Whitfield J. Bell, Jr., The Declaration of Independence: Four 1776 Versions, Philadelphia: APS, p. [22-23]). But this may be mere coincidence, for Holt agrees with the unique

Dunlap parchment broadside in no other place where it disagrees with Yale’s paper exemplar.

The present exemplar of John Holt’s New York printing of The Declaration has remained continuously in the hands of an unbroken line of direct descendants of the man to whom it was delivered at East Hampton in July 1776—that is, for every one of the 241 years since it was printed.

Although the broadside’s existence in the family’s hands has been noticed occasionally in published articles since at least 1880 (see item 42, immediately below), it has not appeared in any bibliographical census known to us.

42. Mulford, William R. [and Robert L. Mulford]. A Genealogy of the Family of Mulford.... Reprinted from the New England Historical and Genealogical Register for April, 1880. Boston: Printed by David Clapp & Son, 1880. 8vo, 12p., in original wrapper.

Contributor Robert L. Mulford’s copy, in which on p. 5, under his summary of Col. David Mulford’s life and work, he has modestly signalled his own ownership of item 41, above, thus: “July 22, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was proclaimed at the several places of parade, and his descendant [i.e., RLM] has the copy from which it was first read to his [i.e., Col. David Mulford’s] regiment.”

For only a few of the past 241 years was Col. David Mulford’s exemplar of The Declaration ever shown to members of the public—and then, only in the home of Col. Mulford’s greatgrandson, Robert L. Mulford (1821-1899) of Rensselaerville and Mt. Vernon, New York.

The following newspaper story, from The Mount Vernon Daily Argus, June 13, 1895, explains the circumstances of this exhibition and evinces the family’s pride in its stewardship of the broadside:

43. Four-paragraph news story in the June 13, 1895, issue of The Mount Vernon [New York] Daily Argus. The complete news item (illustrated immediately above) in an incomplete exemplar of the newspaper. Browned and embrittled newsprint, one text line chipped.

Regarding the display mentioned in the Daily Argus, the descendant of Col. Mulford and RLM who now owns the broadside does not recall it

having ever been enclosed in glass; rather, it has, since at least the 1930s (and perhaps since nearer RLM’s death in 1899) been kept boxed in a bureau drawer in the family’s homes, largely untouched (though never forgotten) until circulation of the Associated Press’s 2015 article on the Cincinnati History Museum’s exemplar of the broadside. (The AP news story includes Christopher Coover’s estimate of the value of any exemplar that might, in the future, ever become available at auction.)

The following six manuscript and letter-press items (viz., items 44-49), part and parcel of the collection since before July 1895, document the composition of the “placard” referred to in the Daily Argus news story: 44. Manuscript historical description of Col. Mulford’s copy of the Holt printing of The Declaration of Independence, handwritten in ink (probably by Robert L. Mulford), but with pencilled alterations. Single sheet measuring 16.0 x 31.2 cm. [1]p., verso blank. Undated, but to all appearances circa 1876 (± 3 years?), 45. Manuscript historical description of Col. Mulford’s copy of the Holt printing of The Declaration of Independence, being a contemporaneous, or nearly contemporaneous, wholly ink fair copy of the text of item 44 (above) as therein revised in pencil, on the recto of a single sheet (faintly machine-ruled in bluegreen) of Congress writing paper (carrying their small blind-stamp at top left) measuring 25.1 x 19.5 cm. [1]p., verso blank.

46. Manuscript historical label for Col. Mulford’s copy of the Holt printing of The Declaration of Independence. Text follows previous items. Generous oblong piece measuring 10.5 x 28.05 cm. [1]p., verso blank but for 4 lines of pencilled printing calculations (so we think).

47. Thin-paper letter-press historical label for Col. Mulford’s copy of the Holt printing of The Declaration of Independence, with text of final lines varying from all previous versions.

Generous oblong piece measuring 16.2 x 26.4 cm. Printed area 7.7 x 21.0 cm. [1]p., verso blank.

48. Thin-paper letter-press historical label for Col. Mulford’s copy of the Holt printing of The Declaration of Independence, with text as in item 47 (above), but with five additional lines of manuscript text, undated but circa 1895 (?), referring to two additional Col. David Mulford historical documents (both of which are present in the collection).

49. Cardstock letter-press historical label for Col. Mulford’s copy of the Holt printing of The Declaration of Independence, with text as in item 47 (above). Generous oblong piece of cardstock measuring 11.6 x 28.6 cm. [1]p., verso blank. Printed area measuring 7.7 x 21.0 cm.

50. Autograph note signed “Josiah Smith Coll” (i.e., Colonel Josiah Smith, 1723-1786) dated “South Hampton Augus. the 10—1776” and reading in full “Sir I Desire that you would Forward the Enclosed Command with All Dispatch In haist from”. Single sheet measuring 20.9 x 20.7 cm. Horizontal chainlines, no watermark. [1]p., verso addressed “To Coll.

David Mulford att Easte Hampton”. Enclosure naturally not present, doubtless having been forwarded to others as requested.

51. Autograph letter dated “South Hold 3d of Sepr. 1776,” signed Henry B. Livingston (17501831) to Col. David Mulford at East Hampton.

Single sheet of imported paper measuring 29.5 x 37.2 cm., folded to form bifolium measuring 29.5 x 18.6 cm. Vertical chainlines, watermarked and countermarked [Arms of England]—[crown GR sprigs encircled]. [3]p. + address panel. Cleanly separated along one fold.

Approximately 300 words conveying detailed military intelligence, including land and sea movements, with reference to Jamaica, Hellgate, etc., and Major Rogers, Col. Hedges, Col. Terry, and others. Opens: “Dear Colonel I just received your Favour and am extremely sorry that my warmth or rather Zeal for the wellfare of my Country induced me to Blame Your reply as I am now Convinced, tho too Late, of Your sincerity in Your Countries Cause ...”

52. Great Britain. Army, 1776. By Richard Viscount Howe of the Kingdom of Ireland, and William Howe Esq; General of His Majesty’s Forces in America, and King’s Commissioners for restoring Peace to His Majesty’s Colonies and Plantations in North-America, &c. &c. &c.

PROCLAMATION. Whereas by our Declarations of the 14th of July, and 19th of September last... Given at New-York, this Thirtieth day of November, 1776 ... [New York:] Printed by Macdonald & Cameron in Water-Street between the Coffee-House and

the Old Slip [1776]. Broadside measuring 33.9 x 40.4 cm. Vertical chainlines, no watermark.

Printed area 30.8 x 33.6 cm. [1]p., verso blank except for contemporary ms. notes, viz.

“William Mulford 14 Hundred | Josiah Mulford 15 Hundred | William Hedges 15 Hundred” and, below these lines the name “Phebe”. Separated at folds, old celo-tape or celo-tape residue along folds, with some associated chipping resulting in loss to type-letters there.

Evans 14783, ESTC w24641 (5 copies).

All thirteen colonies explicitly named, and detailed terms of pardon for individuals who have committed “all Treasons or misprisons of Treasons” specified.

53. Great Britain. Army, 1777. By His Excellency Sir William Howe, Knight of the most Honorable Order of the Bath ...

Proclamation.... Given under my Hand, at Head Quarters in New-York, the 15 Day of March, 1777. W. Howe... [New York:] Printed by Macdonald & Cameron in Water-Street, between the Coffee-House and the Old Slip [1777]. Half-sheet broadside measuring 31.3 x 19.6 cm. Vertical chainlines, watermarked [crown Britannia within concentric circles].

Printed area 27.25 x 15.45 cm. (width includes “By His Excellency’s”). [1]p., verso blank (no docketting). Loss of two specks of paper immediately above and below center of first line of text proper following “PROCLAMATION”, impinging on two printed letters.

Not in Evans, Bristol, Shipton-Mooney, or ESTC. Text specifies terms for pardons, options, and protections (different from those published in item 52, immediately above) available to all rebels “bearing Arms as aforesaid” who surrender “on, or before the First Day of May next”.

54. One-hundred-and-ninety-four-word fragment of an autograph letter (perhaps a retained copy) signed Saml B—l (i.e., the Rev. Mr. Samuel Buell) to Colo Gardiner [i.e., Col.

Abraham Gardiner], undated but either late 1776 or early 1777. Large scrap measuring 18.6 x 18.8 cm. Vertical chainlines, countermarked [crown]GR. [1]p. (incomplete), verso blank.

Tattered and torn.

Samuel Buell here extends sympathy to Col. Gardiner during his imprisonment, assures him “I can vindicate Your Conduct before the most respectable Body of impartial Judges under Heaven,” and asks “cannot you obtain the Liberty Quebeck Prisoners have done— viz—to return home upon a Parole of Honour—to return back when called for,” etc.

The imprisonment of Abraham Gardiner referred to here could not be that which an early local historian reported to have occurred in East Hampton (Hedges, 48); rather, it probably occurred during his stay across the Sound in Saybrook, whither he had fled with family on September 7, 1776, after he had administered, at East Hampton, the crown loyalty oath to his own townsmen (Mather, Refugees 351; O’Sullivan 35). Some such imprisonment Col. Henry B. Livingston (author of item 51, above) reported to Connecticut Gov. Trumbull about this time (Sabine, Loyalists 1: 463).

Historians have often asserted that Col. Gardiner administered the crown loyalty oath under duress. And yet Frederick Mather found that before Col. David Mulford left Long Island on the same day as Col. Gardiner, Mulford “was plundered by Col. Abraham Gardiner [his father-in-law!]; and was obliged, by him, to take the Oath of Allegiance to the crown” (Mather, Refugees of 1776, 477). Whether in these several related incidents we see examples of one or two men trying to stay in good graces with one side or another of the Revolutionary struggles (or both), is not yet apparent. The present document (though a fragment) and item 51, above, may help historians advance our understanding of Mulford’s and Gardiner’s characters, predicaments, and actions.

55. Autograph letter dated “New York July 9th 1778,” signed John Murray Jun. (1758-1819), to “Respected Friend” and addressed “To | Colnl Abrm Gardiner | at | ... East Hampton | Suffolk County”. Full sheet of imported paper measuring 30.6 x 37.8 cm., folded to form a bifolium measuring 30.6 x 18.9 cm. Vertical chainlines, watermarked and countermarked [Arms of England]—HB (arms similar to Gravell & Miller, Foreign # 142). [3]p. + address panel.

Approximately 874 words of detailed political and military intelligence (land and sea movements), with some family news, a negative response to request for provisions (explained with reference to “the Restrictions Government has laid on goods going to L.I.”), and the like.

Includes references to Americans’ “immovable” claim to “Independency,” activity of Generals Clinton, Lee, and Washington, location and composition of the French Fleet, etc. Among Murray’s more salient observations: “the Commissioners are in town— and seem much disposed to compromise this unhappy Contest— every claim of America— excepting that of Indpendency— will meet with immediate Compliance—” 56. Manuscript last will and testament signed

by Abraham Gardiner “of Easthampton in the County of Suffolk in the Provinces [sic] of New York” on May 24, 1782, and witnessed with autograph signatures by Ezekiel Jones and Ruth Smith. Full sheet of imported paper measuring 40.7 x 34.1 cm. Horizontal chainlines, watermarked and countermarked [Britannia]— [2-letter scrolling monogram, clear but undeciphered]. [1]p., verso docketed “Coronel [sic] AGardiners will May 1782”. Perhaps drawn up by Scribe A (see item 25, above).

Gardiner (who would die on August 21, 1782) hereby bequeaths specified money, lots of land, shares of Montauk, buildings, livestock, etc., to his wife and named children. Among these bequests are: “my Negro Garl Zel also my

(negrow Boy Ruben)” to his wife; and to “my beloved Daughter Rachel Mulford ... my Negrow Boy Ruben (alias Tobe) at the Deceas of her mother”. Names his beloved wife Mary Gardiner “Exetricks,” and his sons Nathaniel and Abraham, and son-in-laws David Mulford and Isaac Thomson, executors.

57. Manuscript financial claim dated East Hampton June 1783, drawing on a document dating from September 1776, asserting that the Government of Great Britain still owes Henry Dayton for specified livestock “taken in Pursuance to an order from Gen Sir Wm Howe”. Wide oblong slip of imported paper measuring 13.7 x 31.9 cm. Horizontal chainlines, watermarked [crown lion encircled] (cf. Gravell & Miller Foreign # 486). [1]p., verso docketted ”Mr Henry Daytons Acct”.

58. Manuscript financial claim dated East Hampton June 1783, drawing on an undated document, or taken down from sworn oral testimony, asserting that the Government of Great Britain still owes Ezekiel Mulford (q.v.

Mulford, 1880, 9n) for specified livestock “taken in pursuance to an Order from General Sir Wm Howe”. Wide oblong slip of imported paper measuring 10.0 x 32.4 cm. Horizontal chainlines, half of countermark [crown]GR abuts bottom edge, i.e., the countermark on a sheet from the same lot of paper that provided the slip on which item 57, immediately above, was written. [1]p., verso docketted “Capt E Mulfords Acct”.

59. Manuscript invoice “David Mulford To Nat Gardiner Dr” billing the latter for “1/4 Sloop as she arriv’d in Port” and other items, with book credit, etc. Chit measuring 10.9 x 19.7 cm.

Vertical chainlines, large portion of a legible watermark abutting bottom edge. [2]p., second carrying autograph receipt signed Na Gardiner on April 16th 1784.

60. Manuscript summary of several named men’s Montauk land ownership boldly written in a rough hand by Samuel Mulford, and signed and dated by him “febuary [sic] 1786 Sam Mulford”. Single sheet measuring 16.0 x ~13.0 (range 12.3 to 13.5). Vertical chainlines, no watermark. [1]p., verso carrying names “Samuel Mulford” and “David Mulford”, number “897” and a few other marks.

Named landowners include Nathaniel Hand, William Person, John Leek, Abram Barns, Daniel Conkling, and Steven Cuper.

61. Detailed manuscript financial accounts headed “1786 September 28 Expenses in Going after [word torn away]” specifying 17 items totaling 12:6:0 (i.e., £12 pounds, 6s, 0d) of which more than half (6:12:0) is listed as “Paid to Jese Ross [?Rose, Boss, or Bose, i.e., Bossey?]”. Single sheet measuring 25.7 x 20.8.

Vertical chainlines, watermarked LC or perhaps LG. [2]p., verso includes what could conceivably be a direction or docket but might more probably be mere penmanship practice (iterations of the name “Mr Jonathan Thompson”), plus manuscript birth information about several children of Rachel Gardiner and David Mulford, viz.: “David Mulford Son of David & R Rachel Mulford was Born September the 13th [1782] Phebe G Mulford Daughter of David & Rachel Mulford was Born August the 7th [1784] Richard Mulford Son of David and Rachel Mulford was Born December the 7th [1786?] Henry L. Mulford Son of David and Rachel Mulford was Born June the 9th [1790]”.

Ink-stained and dirty, wanting small piece at top right with loss of a full word in heading and portions of the preceeding word “after”.

Among the many line items on this invoice are the costs of “Cheese Bought at Gardrs Island,” “ferryage over two Rivers,” “Paid for the Negros,” “Redeemd tobe Jacket,” “5 Meals and Lodging,” “Printing handbills,” and “hireing a Boat to Cross the sound”. The line item “Redeemd tobe Jacket” almost certainly

refers to the young man mentioned in Col. Abraham Gardiner’s last will and testament of May 24, 1782 (item 56, above), as “my Negrow Boy Ruben (alias Tobe)”, whom Col. Gardiner presumed to bequeath to his wife Mary Gardiner and his daughter Rachael Mulford “at the Deceas of her mother”. Because Col. Gardiner died on August 21 of the year he made his will, in 1786 Reuben (alias Tobey) was probably held enslaved by Gardiner’s widow Mary Gardiner (née Smith). We therefore suspect the present sheet of accounts was submitted to Mary Gardiner by whomever she empowered to track Reuben (across Long Island Sound and into Connecticut, or down Long Island, across to Manhattan, and thence over to New Jersey?) and return him to her control.

62. Partially printed New York military commission on vellum issued in the name of “THE PEOPLE of the State of NEW-YORK,

BY THE GRACE OF GOD, FREE AND INDEPENDENT,”

completed in manuscript on October 31, 1786, for “David Mulford, Esquire” (1754-1799, son of Phebe Huntting and Col. David Mulford), making him “Major No. 2 of the Regiment of Militia in the County of Suffolk whereof David Pierson Esquire is Lieutenant Colonel Commandant,” with autograph signature of Governor Geo: Clinton and wafered state seal (detached but present), and attested with autograph signature by the Scotch-Irish immigrant and new state of New York’s Deputy Secretary Robt. Harpur (1731-1825). Single vellum sheet measuring ~18.0 x 30.3 cm.

Printed area 16.5 x 22.8 cm. [1]p., verso blank (no docketting).

63. Original holograph poem by the Rev. Mr. Samuel Buell of Easthampton, being seven stanzas (28 lines) headed by him “Some lines composed by the Rev. S. Buell, occasioned by the ringing of the bell at the opening of a Quarterday, in the Academy at East Hampton—

it being the next after the death of his son, Samuel Buell [Jr.] April — 1787”. Half-sheet measuring 32.0 x 19.7 cm. Vertical chainlines, no watermark. [2]p. With Buell’s holograph cancellations and interlineations, and concluding with his note “Dear Madam these lines are hastily written and I fear are hardly legible.” Stained, worn along folds, textually inconsequential chipping.

This poem is not included in the author’s deeply moving published sermon on his son’s death, nor in the equally moving memoir he appended to that sermon (Divine Support and Comfort, New London: T. Green [1787]; Evans 20254). Buell himself had founded this school, Clinton Academy, in 1784, and served as its first Headmaster. The original schoolhouse, built in 1784 under Buell’s direction, survives today as one of East Hampton’s most important and distinctive historic structures.

64. Partially printed New York military commission issued in the name of “The People of the State of New-York, By the Grace of GOD, Free and Independent,” completed in manuscript on March 20 1790, for “David Mulford, Esquire” (1754-1799, son of Phebe Huntting and Col. David Mulford), making him “first Major of the Regiment of Militia in the County of Suffolk where of Benjamin Hunting Esqr. is Lieutent. Colonl. Commandant,” with autograph signatures of Geo. Clinton as Governor and Deputy Secretary Robt. Harpur (1731-1825). Full sheet of imported paper measuring 40.6 x 32.1 cm., folded once to 20.3 x 32.1 cm. Horizontal chainlines, watermarked and countermarked [Pro Patria]—I B DAVYDS (cf. Gravell & Miller, Foreign # 200). Printed area 18.1 x 23.0 cm. [1]p., others blank except for docketting (“Major Mulford”).

65. Manuscript financial order reading in full: “Mr Dominy Sir please to pay Saml Hutchinson Seven Pounds Money due from the Estate of Dotr Saml Hutchinson Deceas’d and place it to my Accompt and you will Oblige you [sic] Humbl Servnt. Matthew Mulford April 27 1792 Easthampton”. Large chit measuring 10.0 x 20.1 cm. Vertical chainlines, no watermark.

[1]p., verso docketed “Matthew Mulfords Order”.

A son of Col. David Mulford, this Matthew Mulford (1756-1845) had married Mary Hutchinson on Feb. 17, 1778. The Dominys were East Hampton furniture, clock, and windmill makers.

66. Undated but perhaps circa 1792 manuscript list of 136 Easthampton and Easthampton-area men’s and (to a lesser extent) women’s names (some abbreviated, as with “Mulford Conk” for Mulford Conklin and “Anenias Mil” for Ananias Miller) with twodigit numbers affixed to each and every name (mostly 5 6 and 6 0, but ranging from 4 8 to 6 6), with (associated?) ciphering on p. [3] and at bottom margin of p. [2]. Full sheet of imported paper measuring 32.1 x 40.5 cm., folded to form bifolium measuring 32.1 x 20.2 cm. Vertical chainlines, watermarked and countermarked [Pro Patria]—[crown GR sprigs encircled] (cf.

Gravell & Miller, Foreign # 302-303, their exemplar in a document dated 1792, hence our very tentative dating of the present list). [3]p., 4th being blank.

The presence (and absence) of several names on this list will eventually enable investigators to date it. For instance, we know that a Uriah Miller (on the list) died in March 1797; yet also that “Mrs Buell” is on the list but her husband (Rev. Mr. Samuel) is not. Then again, she is not listed as “Widow Buell” (as are several women). Certainly Mrs Buell’s appearance on the list suggests that it does not record rated shares in the Rev. Mr. Buell’s

salary (cf. item 73, below); but might it pertain to contributions for maintenance of the church fabric? In the final analysis, the key to the list’s date (and hence, perhaps, its subject) might be wrought from these details plus several combinations of “Seniors” and “Juniors” of the same name present on the list, i.e., the presence of both in each pair will point toward a range of years when all named Juniors were of age and all named Seniors were living.

67. Two undated but perhaps circa 1795 manuscript literary compositions in, we think, a young lady’s hand, closely related to the Scottish scoundrel James Macpherson’s socalled translations from Ossian, inscribed on either side of a single sheet. One side carries a six-stanza (36-line) poem entitled “To my Mother written on my birth-day” (first lines: “Mother, full nineteen years have fled | Since first you called me ‘dearest babe’) signed “Malvina”. Other side covered with two closely written compositions (both rendered herein as prose), the first entitled “Ossian mourning over the tomb of his Father,” the second entitled “Songs of the Bards“. The latter closely follows Macpherson’s published “Fourth Song.” Halfsheet measuring 32.4 x ~19.0 cm. Vertical chainlines, no watermark. [2]p.

Macpherson’s spurious “translations,” current (indeed, popular) in Scotland and England since before 1765, were first published in book form on this side of the Atlantic in 1790.

(They were known here from imported editions and periodical notices long before this.) Further handwriting comparisons and paper scrutiny may enable others to refine or correct our very tentative dating (which could be late by 20 to 25 years) and to attribute the sheet to a specific young lady of the Mulford-Gardiner-Buell clan.

68. Manuscript discharge dated December 25, 1795, by which attorney David Gardiner (17721815, son of Jerusha Buell Gardiner) does “hereby release and discharge my hon Grandfather the abovementioned Samuel Buell” (i.e., the Reverend Samuel Buell D.D. of East Hampton) from paying two promissory notes dated December 3, 1778, both of which are copied into the present text. (The first of these two is to Buell’s daughter Jerusha Gardiner.)

Half-sheet of American (?) paper measuring 32.9 x 20.1 cm. Vertical chainlines, watermarked T & L (Gravell & Miller, American # 927). [1]p., verso docketted “Discharge from David Gardiner”.

69. Manuscript deed dated March 22, 1796, signed and sealed by the younger David Mulford (1754-1799), by which Mulford sells “my Negro Servant man called Gree” to the Rev. Mr. Samuel Buell for “fifty Pounds of lawful money of New-York currency”.

Witnessed with autograph signatures by Sarah Leek and Mulford’s wife Rachel Mulford (née Gardiner). Half-sheet measuring 32.8 x 19.85 cm. Vertical chainlines, no watermark. [1]p., verso blank (no docketting). Red wax seal largely chipped away.

70. Undated holograph draft of the last will and testament of the Rev. Mr. Samuel Buell “Minister of the Gospel of our Lord Christ at East Hampton on Long Island”. Single sheet of American (?) paper measuring 32.3 x 39.0 cm., folded once to form bifolium measuring 32.3 x 19.5 cm. Horizontal chainlines, watermarked T & L (Gravell & Miller, American # 927)— hence our tentative assignment of the date circa 1796 to this document (cf. items 68, above, and 71, below). Rumpled, soiled, tattered, and torn (indeed badly so), with substantial textual loss.

Includes bequests to his grandsons John Lyon Gardiner and David Gardiner, his nephew Samuel Buell Kimball, and his grandson Isaac

Concklin. To the last the Rev. Mr. Buell “order[s] twenty Pounds to be given him when He is twenty one ... and He should ever [i.e., if he should ever] commince as Preacher of the Gospel I ord [sic] six Pounds more to be given Him three Pounds of it to bee in Books out of my library Prized off to Him”.

71. Autograph letter signed by the New York City architect John M[c]Comb Junr. (17631853), dated “thursday morning 8 Sep.” [1796], and addressed to “David Mulford Esquire | Present,” i.e., either while the recipient was away from his East Hampton home, on business in New York City, or while the writer was in East Hampton scouting the site and materials about which he here writes (see below). Halfsheet of American (?) paper measuring 33.0 x 20.1 cm. Vertical chainlines, watermarked T & L (Gravell & Miller, American # 927). [1]p. + address panel. Worn along portions of folds, with associated minor loss at fold intersections, small piece wanting at top left impinging on first letter (only) of salutation “Sir”.

With this 143-word letter McComb introduces himself as the architect “appointed to erect the Light-House on Montauk Point,” and in considerable detail asks Mulford to inquire of the East Hampton town trustees what local timber, poles, and stone he might be able to use in his work and at what price. If McComb wrote this letter while in East Hampton (as we think the watermark evidence suggests he did; that is, that he used paper supplied by an East Hampton host—see paper notes under items 68 and 70, above), he departed very soon after scrutinizing the local scene, for he asked Mulford to respond to him at “no. 1 Nasau Street, New York-”

72. Partially printed invoice (completed in manuscript on December 6, 1796) of the New London, Connecticut, printer Samuel Green to the Rev. Samuel Buell for the balance due on the latter’s subscription to the printer’s “Connecticut Gazette, from No. [in ms.:] 1539 To 1605, 2 yrs & 44 wks”. [New London: Samuel Green, 1796.] Large chit measuring 11.0 x 16.9 cm. Horizontal chainlines, no watermark. [2]p., including on verso a discrete wholly manuscript receipt (see below).

The balance due reflects a specified credit “due him [i.e., Buell] from my father’s estate”.

The wholly manuscript verso receipt, dated June 12, 1797, and signed Nathl. Lincoln, records Buell’s payment of a specified sum for another year’s subscription to the Connecticut Gazette “ending the 3 month 1797,” i.e., 1798?

73. Manuscript financial document headed “Mr Buells Rate for 1797” and commencing immediately after this sentence, “The estimate makes about Seventy thousand Pound — one Farthing on the Pound makes rather more than [seven]ty Pound — and ought to, as I have carted several load of wood — and as many are put down and prated 1/4 ought not”. Small fascicle measuring 16.3 x 9.95 cm., sewn through spine-folds with original thread.

Vertical chainlines, no watermarks. [8]p.

Specifies rates assessed against the names of approximately 141 parishioners, including “Aaron Isaacs Jur” (see item 32, above), “Samuel Isaacs”, and “Isaac Isaacs”, sons of Aaron Isaacs Sr. (see item 11, above) and the former Mary Hedges. Every entry includes the full rate in pounds and the rate figured at a farthing on the pound.

74. Autograph deed drawn, signed, sealed, and docketted on February 23, 1798, by John Lyon Gardiner “Esqr. of the Isle of Wight” (i.e., Gardiner Island), conveying to “Mrs Mary Gardiner her heirs & assigns forever two eighths or One Quarter part of a share of Montock in the township of E. Hampton” for a specified number of “pounds lawful money”.

Witnessed with autograph signatures by Richard Young and Eunice Parsons. Half-sheet of American paper measuring 32.2 x 19.2 cm.

Vertical chainlines, watermarked BRANDYWINE (close variant of Gravell & Miller, American # 517 and # 520). [1]p., verso docketted “Deed of 2/8 of Muntock from John Lyon Gardiner to Mary Gardiner 1798”.

John Lyon Gardiner (1770-1816) was son of David Gardiner (1738-1774) and Jerusha Buell (1749-1782); his maternal grandfather was the Rev. Mr. Samuell Buell; his paternal grandmother, Elizabeth Mulford (1714-1754), daughter of Matthew Mulford (1689-1774).

75. Highly detailed manuscript inventory and appraisal of all the goods, chattels, etc., belonging to the estate of Rev. Dr. Samuel Buell late of East Hampton “taken the 21st Day of August 1798 [and] Appraised by us. Abraham Miller [and] Jonathan Dayton”. Single sheet of imported paper measuring 37.6 x 23.0 cm.

Wove paper watermarked J S 1796 (Gravell & Miller, Foreign # 244). [2]p.

Includes priced itemizations of the deceased’s specified pieces of clothing, bedding, silver accessories, silver table ware, furniture (including 5 looking glasses), plates, cutlery, pots, pans, pottery, teawares, a wampum belt, kitchen and fireplace equipment, library (one expensive line item), horse tack, farm equipment, livestock, grain stores, and four named African-Americans with remaining years of service, along with many notes due the deceased, etc.

76. Manuscript last will and testament of Mary Gardiner (née Smith), “widow of Col. Abraham Gardiner”. Drawn up on April 11, 1799, probably by the testator’s kinsman John Lyon Gardiner (cf. his autograph deed of February 23, 1798, item 74, above). Signed and sealed on p. [3] by Mary Gardiner and witnessed there with autograph signatures by Stephen Howell, Willam Hedges, and Elisha Mulford.

Full sheet of American paper measuring 32.2 x 38.5 cm., folded to form a bifolium measuring 32.2 x 19.2 cm. Vertical chainlines, watermarked and countermarked J G & Co— BRANDYWINE (Gravell & Miller, American # 519-520). Folio, [3]p., 4th docketted “The Will of M G— 1799”.

By this uncancelled but superseded, highly detailed, document Mary Gardiner bequeaths many specified items (named pieces of silver, farm crops, jewelry, clothing) to named descendants. Typical among the many bequests are: “To my Son Nathaniel my clock, my mill, my sword which was his Fathers, my new Silver

Cann, One half Dozen spoons marked A M G, One black walnut chest”; “to my Grandsons Samuel & Nathaniel One half Dozen spoons marked M S”; “To all the Children of my deceased Son Abraham ... my Desk and Bookcase, my close-stool-chair, my kitchin tongs, large shovel & irons”; “my books to be equally divided to my Daughter Rachel, my Grandson David Gardiner & my Grandson Robert S. Gardiner each one third part”; “to my Grandson Jonathan Thompson my silver milk pott & twenty pounds”; “to my Grand-Daughter Phebe Gardiner Mulford the mourning ring of the family of Gardiner, to my Grand Daughter Molly Gardiner the mourning ring of the family of Smith”; etc., etc. Also mentions her niece Ruth Sage of Chatham.

77. Retrieved and cancelled manuscript promise to pay the New York City merchant Archibald Gracie (1775-1829) “Two hundred and fifty Dollars with Interest” witnessed on October 14, 1800, with autograph signatures by John P Osborn and Ed. Hutchinson, 25-cent New York blindstamp, and payment notations dated February 20 and June 1, 1803. Obligation cancelled with excision of debtor’s signature.

Small sheet of imported paper measuring 15.9 x 20.3 cm. Vertical chainlines, watermarked “J CRIPPS” (see Gravel & Miller, Foreign p. 224).

[1]p., + 3 lines of ms. ciphering on verso.

78. Variant manuscript last will and testament of Mary Gardiner (née Smith), “widow of Coronel [sic] Abraham Gardiner”. Drawn up on July 5, 1804, probably by the testator’s kinsman John Lyon Gardiner (cf. his autograph deed of February 23, 1798, item 74, above). Signed and sealed on p. [3] by Mary Gardiner and witnessed there with autograph signatures by William Huntting, Mary Hunting, and Betsey Huntting.

Full sheet measuring 32.8 x 40.6 cm., folded once to form bifolium measuring 32.8 x 20.3 cm. Vertical chainlines, no watermark. [3]p., 4th docketted “The Last Will and Testament of Mary Gardiner of East Hampton~ 1804~~~” and carrying a nine-line memorandum by John L. Gardiner dated July 5, 1804. Time-darkened.

By this highly detailed document (presumably a replacement for her uncancelled April 11, 1799, will, item 76, above) Mary Gardiner bequeaths many specified items (named pieces of silver, farm crops, jewelry, clothing) to named descendants. The following bequest is typical of the present document’s many revisions of the text the testator had dictated back in 1799: “To my Grandson Robert Smith Gardiner ... my Clock, the sword that was his Grandfathers Coronel Gardiner, my new silver Can, one half Dozen spoons marked A M G, one black walnut chest”.

79. Beecher, Lyman. A Sermon, containing a General History of the Town of East-Hampton, (L.I.) From its first settlement to the present time: Delivered at East-Hampton, January 1, 1806. By Lyman Beecher, Pastor of the Church in that place. Sag-Harbor, N.Y. Printed by Alden Spooner, 1806. 8vo (21.1 x 12.6 cm.), 38p. only of 40. Vertical chainlines, no watermarks. Title-page inscribed “Nathan Dayton By Henry M Dayton”. Stained and tattered and lacking final leaf, yet the DaytonMulford family copy withal.

80. Autograph letter (approximately 122 words) signed Jonathan Thompson (1773-1846) and dated “N York Sept. 26 1806”, to his “Honor’d Grandma,” Mrs. Mary Gardiner (1725-1807) at East Hampton c/o Dr. E. Sage of Sag Harbor, “per Capt Parker with a keg”. Text specifies all components of the generous gift of foodstuffs and beverages contained in the keg (not present!), family news, and the writer’s concerns about the recipient’s ill health. Halfsheet measuring 34.4 x 20.8 cm. Vertical chainlines, countermarked [crown]GR. [1]p., + integral address panel. Stained, with minor loss of paper affecting two letters of one word.

The writer, a prosperous Manhattan merchant, was elder son of Mary Gardiner and Col. Abraham Gardiner’s daughter Mary (17461786), who in 1772 had married Isaac Thompson (1743-1816).

81. Manuscript quitclaim signed on October 13, 1813, by Richard Mulford (born 1786, son of Rachael Gardiner and David Mulford) of East Hampton, ceding to his brother Henry L. Mulford (1790-1853) “all my right and title to a certain number of sheep which was [sic] left me by my mother Rachel Gardiner late deceased, such sheep are now on Gardiners Island” so that they might be used to settle his debts, etc.

Single sheet measuring 19.3 x 15.8 cm.

Horizontal chainlines, no watermark. [2]p.

82. Partially printed tax receipt (wanting small piece from right end) completed in manuscript, reading (ms. words in italic): “1815 Received of Mary Buell one dollar, [...] | amount of duty on one silver watch. | E. Hampton Oct 6th John M. Isaacs D C[....] | [long plain rule.] Small chit measuring 4.2 x ~16.0 cm. Horizontal chainlines, fragment of watermark: “...ENN...”.

Congress had passed a tax on gold and silver watches to help defray the costs of the War of 1812. The War had formally ended on December 24, 1814 (before the Battle of New Orleans); but the costs of war, and the watch tax, remained to be retired. Mary Buell was the Rev. Mr. Samuel Buell’s third wife; since 1798 she had been his widow. Men were taxed under this law far, far more often than women.

83. Two undated conjugate leaves (i.e., four pages, only) of rough or preliminary (i.e., not finished) sermon notes in an as-yet unidentified hand. Single sheet measuring 15.9 x 19.8 cm., folded to form a bifolium measuring 15.9 x 9.8 cm. Vertical chainlines, identifiable Pro Patria watermark abutting top edge.

Approximately 300 words of (discontinuous) text. For identification purposes we note that seven lines down on one of these four pages appears the manuscript line “Heaven to them will be a Gift”. Note that these leaves are not part of item 39, above.

END