Urban Density Study (Hulme Group B & D & Oslo )

APPENDIX •

URBAN DESIGN STUDY Hulme | Group B | Nadia Pinto

•

BLACKPOOL URBAN DESIGN ANALYSIS •

LULU

WORKSHOPS

URBAN DESIGN STUDY - HULME GROUP B

HISTORIC MAPS

1900 Hulme (1:2500)

1950 Hulme (1:2500)

HISTORIC MAPS

2009 Hulme (1:2500)

2019 Hulme (1:2500)

SITE ANALYSIS

Building Typology (1:2500) Point Terrace Perimeter Block

Built Form (1:2500) Residential Education Mixed Use

SITE ANALYSIS

Private/ Public Space - (1:2500) Public Semi-Private Private

Hard/Soft Landscape - (1:2500) Soft Landscape Hard Landscape

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

SITE SECTIONS

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Jackson Cres

Humberstone Ave

Hunmanby Ave

Leaf St

Rockdove Ave

Section A (1:1000@A3)

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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

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Section C (1:1000@A3) - Clarendone Street

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Section D (1:1000@A3) - Hulme Street D

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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Jackson Cres

Reilly St

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Stretford Rd

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Section E (1:1000@A3) - New Welcome Street PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Hulme St

Clarendon St

Section F (1:1000@A3) - Humberstone Avenue

Clarendon St

Section G (1:1000@A3) - Rockdove Avenue

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Reilly St

Section H (1:1000@A3) - Hunmanby Avenue

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Hulme St

Stretford Rd

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

SITE SECTIONS

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Jackson Cres

New Welcome St

Leaft St

Princess Rd

Section I (1:1000@A3) PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Hulme St

Clarendon St

Stretford Rd

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Jackson Cres

New Vine St

Section L (1:1000@A3) - Reilly Street

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

SITE SECTIONS

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Leaf St

PERSPECTIVES

A view of Stretford Road looking toward Royce Road

A view of the bridge from Stretford Road

PERSPECTIVES

A view from New Iron Street looking towards Reilly Street

A view from New Iron Street looking towards Stretford Road

PERSPECTIVES

A view of Reilly Street looking towards Royce Road

A view of Reilly Street looking towards Leaf Street

PERSPECTIVES

New Vine Street looking towards Hunmanby Avenue

View down New Welcome Street looking towards Reilly Street

PERSPECTIVES

View down Claradon Street the ring road

View down Claradon Street looking towards Jackson Crescent

PERSPECTIVES

View down Humberstone Avenue looking towards Claradon Street

View down Rockdove Avenue towards ring road

PERSPECTIVES

View down Humanby Avenue looking towards Ring Road

View from Hulme Street towards ring road

THEORY The City Image and its Elements’ by Lynch, K.

Map from Analysis Path

Edge

Node Neighbourhood Landmark

Map from Memory

The Image of the City The use of Kevin Lynchs method of analysing the site through a systematic set of elements has gone to prove that the site has a large variation of use, occupation and overall upkeep.

Everything focuses around the main landmark (Hulme Arch Bridge) and expanding along the high street. Consequently, the interior areas are not used or visited much and do not offer many spaces for residents and visitors to meet. A factor of this can be seen by the little care taken to upkeep the communal areas around the site. Another factor is that the site is surrounded by strong edges which highly differentiate the other from other parts.

Overall, we have concluded that both the diagrams (one created from memory and one through site analysis) are quite similar to one another. Showing that the site is easily ‘readable’ and that at first impression one can gather a lot of information.

THEORY ‘Patterns of Space’ and ‘Patterns which are Alive’ in Timeless Way of Building by Alexander, C.

Building Typology

Timless Way of

Theory Section

Pattern One

Theory Plan

The site contains a clear divide between the ‘alive’ patterns of the mixed-use high street and the ‘dead’ patterns of the mono-use residential areas. The urban form of the area clearly displays a relationship between building height and usage with the commercial high street raised to attract customers. Newer additions to the site, can be seen to break with the existing patterns, as seen in the theory plan.

THEORY ‘Movement Notation’ in Cities by Halprin, L.

Horizontal Left Building

Horizontal Right

Planting Trees Street furniture Play area Sculpture

Building Planting Trees Street furniture Play area Sculpture

Movement notation

Route taken through site

The journey undertaken through the site, highlighted the way this area of Hulme is split into key zones or neighbourhoods. The first section of the notation shows the more open and diffuse street scape, with a low level of enclosure and minimal street furniture. This leads onto the more enclosed terraces, containing a wide variety of planting, and creating a very sheltered atmosphere.

The whole notation sequence demonstrates the high level of variation and diversity throughout the site.

THEORY The Consice Townscape by Cullen, G.

1. Bridge on Stretford Road, starting point of the trajectory. At one end of the bridge a distinctive brick building is revealed.

2. At this point, the building presents itself as a composition that can accessed through an entrance in between the group of buildings.

3. The space revealed inside the group of building creates an area of communal interaction.

4. Towards Leaf Street the difference in scales becomes more evident. On one hand two story townhouses on the other a brick block.

Trajectory of Serial Vision Entrance Site Edge/Boundary Map Theory

5. The end of Leaf Street leads to a back to back courtyard with public route.

6. Walking at a uniform pace a sequence of revelations shows distinctive element in the site.

8. As one walks through the trajectory more is revealed moving out from one ambience into another.

APPENDIX •

URBAN DESIGN STUDY

Hulme | Group D | Hani Namira, Kimberley Androliakos, Farah Arar

•

BLACKPOOL URBAN DESIGN ANALYSIS •

LULU

WORKSHOPS

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Historical Maps

KEY

1890’S

1920’S

The site is populated predominantly by terraced housing, with afew locations containing commercial hubs. There are 2 schools located on the edges of the site.

The terrace houses still dominated the site, however, in the 1920’s there was a gradual shift towards commercial zones replacing the terraced housing.

1950’S

The shift to more commercial plots in the 1950’s becomes more gradual, however, the main urban characteristic remains terraced houses.

2019

Currently, there are no longer any terraced houses located on the site, and the site is split into a fairly even commercial and residential use, with the residential being predominantly courts.

The road network took a big shift, as there was a large road that was built that replaced a lot of terraced houses from the past.

Enclosed and Diffuse Space Housing Types

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Enclosed Open Space Private space enclosed within houses

Diffuse Open Space Large Parking space with lowrise buildings

Enclosed space lies within the perimeter blocks. Roads in the area are relatively small with certain diffuse open spaces designed for offices’ car parking.

Enclosed space lies within the perimeter blocks. Roads in the area are relatively small with certain diffuse open spaces designed for offices’ car parking.

Typology analysis on housing - shared space

Private and Public Spaces Housing Types

Private Open Space

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Backyards and Enclosures

Public Open Space

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Parking and Public Court space.

Private open space is seen in perimeter blocks and gated parking areas surrounding the serviced buildings. These includes flats and houses.

Private open space is seen in perimeter clocks and gated parking areas surrounding the serviced buildings. These include flats and houses.

General typology - residential / institutional

Soft and Hard Open Space Housing Types

Soft Open Space Backyards and Enclosures

Hard Open Space Parking space and Public fronts

Soft open space tends to be backyard space of both closed perimeter blocks and open courts. Hard open space usually accommodates parking for surrounding offices.

Soft open spaces tend to be backyard space of both closed perimeter blocks and open courts. Hard open space usually accommodates parking for surrounding offices.

Housing types

Punctual Open Space

Punctual Open Space Nearby a point built form

Punctual open spaces are the large parking spots surrounded by offices and flats.

Punctual open spaces are the large parking spots surrounded by offices and flats.

Perspectives

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Map and Analysis Depicting Built Form MAP AND ANALYSIS DEPICTING BUILT FORM

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SIT E IS CHARACTERISED BY THREE TYPES OF BUILTFORM - POINT, LINE AND ENCLOSURE. THIS PARTICULAR AREA IS DOMINATED BY POINT AND ENCLOUSURE TYPES OF BUILTFORM. PUBLIC/FRONT AND PRIVATE/BACK IS EASILY RECOGNISED.

The site is characterized by three different types of built form - point, line and enclosure. This particular area is dominated by point and enclosures. Public/front and private/back is easily recognised.

POINT

LINE

ENCLOSURE

Mapping Built Form - Type of enclosures

COURT PERIMETER BLOCK

Sections

Perspectives

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Cities by Lawrence Halprin ‘Movement Notation’ - 1972 How do you read a city?

“Reading the city together in orchestral effect”.

“The city comes alive through movement and it’s rhythmic structure.”

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THE CONCISE TOWNSCAPE BY GORDON CULLEN

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within minimal contrast between the road and paving textures it is the fences that create a sense of private and public.

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the projection and recession of the building (purple) offer some relief from the monotony. The scale makes

builidng in the background (purple) offers a sense of closure. Whilst drawing the eye it does not block out the sense of progression.

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projection and recession

Thereness

2.) Concerning place – Here and There. A person establishes a sense of place by drawing cues from their environment, entering or leaving IT, being within IT or outside of IT. By postulating a here, we automatically create a there.

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Diagram of route taken through Hulme (Not to Scale)

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3.) Concerning texture – This and That. Cities are made up of a juxtaposition of textures and colours which gives them character, uniqueness, personality and style. By manipulating them effectively we can collectively benefit.

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digramatic representing location and direction of views (not to scale)

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1.) Concerning optics - Serial vision (see below) To a pedestrian moving through the town at a uniform speed, scenery of the townscape is revealed in a series of jerks or revelations with the aim of evoking emotions; this is referred to as serial vision. For this exercise we mapped a route through Site 4 in Hulme, which we then walked searching for principles laid out by Cullen.

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According to Gordon Cullen’s Theory, our surroundings through visual stimulation, can evoke emotions, knowingly or unknowingly in three ways:

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THERENESS

change of level

motion. position. content.

HERENESS A fences seperates Hulme community garden from the street. Different surface texture is used to demark seating space. In the distance the building deflects down the street (purple) indicating that the road continues on and travel is possible, intensifying a sense of mystery.

Line of trees become a built in wall paper for this building, softening the boundary between public and private. On the opposit side of the street the change in level achieves the same thing but under the topic of hazzard.

the narrowness road and scale of the building and trees give a feeling of enclosure. The sense of hereness and thereness is emphasised by looking down the road out onto the Birley Fields Campus gardens which are framed by the trees drawing your eyes down the avenue.

APPENDIX •

URBAN DESIGN STUDY Oslo | Alice Iu

•

BLACKPOOL URBAN DESIGN ANALYSIS •

LULU

WORKSHOPS

L O C AT I O N Total urban study site area (42,140m2) Urban fabric in the vicinity of the Royal Palace within the old town of Oslo. Land use in this area is predominantly retail, hospitality and commercial, with pockets of interesting green spaces as well as hard surface open space.

Including the former mapping agency of Oslo which is within the premise of the Royal Palace Gardens, the E-shaped building at bottom left.

Oslo

Royal Palace & garden

Oslo Central station

Oslo Fjord

HOUSING T YPOLOGY Court block

Perimeter block

Point building

Slab/ tower structure

Built footprint area (18,240m2) - 43% Unbuilt area/ open space (23,900m2) - 57% Total area (42,140m2)

CONCLUSION Perimeter blocks here are not a full closed block structure but the fact that they are mostly commercial & retail with entrances facing the streets ensures their perimeter block identity, with inner courtyard acting as back of house.

Former mapping agency

Former mapping agency is a court block with its front relatively inaccessible. Its main entrances located within its interior courtyards.

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Tower structures here are hotels and are point building as well as tower structure, expecting entry from multiple sides. though the highest tower Radisson hotel expects entrance from within the shopping mall below.

O P E N S PA C E S Car circulation Hard surfaces Non-car circulation/ Pavement Low green/ lawn Soft surfaces

Hard surface open space, used for parking bikes & scooters

Green pocket with benches & memorial.

Small green park with benches, water feature and internal square.

High green/ trees Mid-green/ hedges

Car circulation area (10,780m2) - 45% Non-car circulation area (9,070m2) - 38% Green open space (4,050m2) - 17% Edge of Royal Palace garden

Total open space (23,900m2)

CONCLUSION Out of the total unbuilt area, there is a good 17% of the open space being green space, this is normally unlikely in an urban area, however, since this area is within the vicinity of the Royal Palace gardens, it is understandable to have more green areas than the standard ratio.

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Advantages: - Many small green pockets within the road infrastructure making the streetscape very pedestrian friendly. Non-car circulation area being only 7% less than car circulation area.

- Good variety of heights in greenery to provide different levels of permeability, separating private and public spaces both physically and visually.

LONGITUDINAL SEC TION

One way road with street parking on one side and docking area on the right, leaving just one lane of driving space.

8.55m road: 2-way road with two cyclist lanes on either side, each cyclist lane = 1.2m wide.

Small green pocket with two benches in between two streets that eventually connects.

Two way street with double tramway Street width: building height ratio - 1: 1.8

Street width: building ratio - 1 : 1.15 Suitability: recessed building line on ground floor gave extra width to street, providing covered walkway for pedestrians, also provides sense of widening of street, making street to building ratio almost 1:1

Suitability: comfortable environment with shopping mall being only 3 stories facing a 26m building, does not feel too crowded.

3.0m

10.6m

3.45m

6.73m

14.73m

26.0m

21m

Street width : building ratio - 1.37 : 1 Suitability: feels too open but understandable as this is at the edge of the Royal Palace garden.

1.60m

Scale 1:300

8.55m

8.45m

6.65m

4.30m

3.70m

6.00m

2.70m

8.95m

Scale 1:300

Scale 1:300

Scale 1:750

6.75m

3.00m

C R O S S S E C T I O N & T H E O R E T I C A L A N A LY S I S Theory of “Patterns of Spaces” i n C h r i s t o p h e r A l e x a n d e r ’s “ T h e T i m e l e s s W a y o f B u i l d i n g ” The theory talks about the patterns of spaces within building elements and that these patterns in turn gives the streetscape a character. All these relationships eventually contributes to the character of the bigger region and town respectively.

In this particular street of Oslo, the most prominent spatial pattern is the covered area of pavements which unifies the various architectural styles of the streetscape. Perimeter blocks are either recessed on the ground floor to produce the covered walkway space, or there will be awnings that are integrated to the facade of the building to produce such pattern.

These covered areas encourages cafes and restaurants to extend their seating outdoors, which makes the streetscape a lot more welcoming and friendlier, coinciding with C. Alexander’s theory of creating patterns that are alive, encouraging more human interactions with the public street.

Covered spaces which enables spaces to be alive

Small pedestrian island with a triangular park in the middle between two roads. Park includes a few memorial sculptures, a water feature and benches enclosed by trees to provide some privacy. Ideal space for lunch picnics.

Open space (horizontal) : building height (vertical) ratio - 2.5 : 1 Street width: building height ratio - 1.33 : 1

22.85m

24.15m

26.45m

Suitability: relationship between horizontal and vertical built form feels too open, too wide. However, the relationship between street width and hotel seems suitable if excluding park area.

N 2.20m

Scale 1:300

12.15m

2.77m

20.55m

3.24m

5.50m

6.43m

5.50m

Scale 1:750

Cobbled paving is another example of Alexander’s theory of creating pattern that is alive. It increases the permeability of the open space, despite the fact that it is a hard surface, enabling shared service between car circulation & pedestrian traffic.

Cobbled paving shared services

suggesting