Selected Works of Architecture and Urbanism

2021 WORK IN PROGRESS

OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM

A PORTFOLIO BY BJARNE VAN DER DRIFT

00 Content

SELECTED PROJECTS INFORMATION

01 ON THE FRONTLINE OF BRUSSELIZATION ARCHITECTURE PROJECT

page 4

02 DROSSCAPING DELFT URBANISM PROJECT

page 20

03 HOFJE REMASTERED ARCHITECTURE PROJECT

page 30

04 READING BETWEEN THE LINES ARCHITECTURE PROJECT

page 40

05 THE SHACK ARCHITECTURE PROJECT

page 48

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8 1

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W

hile the position of architecture in our society

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seems to become more and more prominent, the role of

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the architect is shifting into a blur. Increasingly, the fields of architecture and urbanism are becoming domains in

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which social, political end environmental issues leave their marks. The spatial components of such issues exist

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within both fields. Sometimes they cross over, interweave or even transcend the extents of the profession of architect

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or urban designer alone. The scope of spatial challenges

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appears to be expanding, which already forges some

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architects into producers of abstract spatial concepts. By opting to study both architecture and urbanism, I seek to develop the ingenuity to comply with the changing fields, familiarizing myself with the tools needed to tackle the issues that might overstrain the marked domains of the conventional professions that currently exist within the field of spatial design.

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Thank you for your interest in my portfolio,

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13 Bjarne

00 CONTENT 3

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ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE

01 On The Frontline Of Brusselization

The MSc graduation project dealt with Les Goujons; a social housing block, as well as a remainder of Brusselization. Brusselization is a process of urban renewal characterized by a top-down, haphazard approach. This postwar phenomenon is considered so epitomic for Brussels, that the name of this process is inherently linked to this city. The modernisation fever, although induced by the heroic ideals of modernism, was overshadowed by pragmatism and the pursuit of profit. The laissez-faire approach drove Brussels into an era of self-mutilation, corrupting the urban fabric of the traditional city and producing alienating aesthetical contrasts in the image of the city. To this day, many architectural problems remain in Brussels. In this case, the site of study became a hybrid of modernist and traditional morphologies, in which the one undermines the values of the other. This project is an effort to mediate between the traditional and the modernist aspects of the site and to make them co-exist, granting a new future for an iconic building with a troubled past.

YEAR

STUDIO/THEME

2019-2020

Urban Architecture, Spolia

PROJECT TYPE

DESIGN TUTOR(S)

Renovation, architectural intervention

Eireen Schreurs, Els van Meerbeek

PROJECT LOCATION

WORK

Anderlecht, Brussels (BE)

Individual

PROGRAM

KEY WORDS

Mixed, work-live hybrid

Brusselization, work-live hybrid, modernism, productive city

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Image 1 :

N Site plan

SECTION CUT A-A

01 ON THE FRONTLINE OF BRUSSELIZATION

5

BB T CU N O SE

CT I

Image 2 : Exploring & mapping cases of Brusselization: the Fremdkörper of Brussels

site

Image 3 : A site that is neither modernist, nor traditional - it became both (or none)

WHAT IT COULD HAVE BEEN

modernist ensemble - triplicate

WHAT IT IS ‘SUPPOSED’ TO BE

WHAT IT BECAME

existing site

‘debruxellisation’

6

modernist ensemble - t

Image 4 : Conceptual schemes

element of traditional city

a hybrid between working and living; cornerstone of the productive city

façades on the street Prévinairestraat

?

? façades on the street Grondelsstraat

site of choice

re-establishing the traditional city

Les Goujons as a spolia of brusselization; failed modernism undermining the values of the traditional city

new volumes close the urban block accordingly to the typical Anderlecht ‘model’

element of modernist city element of traditional city

now ‘planted’ in the midst of public space: adressing the public realm with monumental appearance

a hybrid between working and living; cornerstone of the productive city

city eyeline > 15 m

building volume transcending the urban ‘level’

street eyeline < 15 m

n the street

building volume on the urban ‘level’

at

tional city

ock accordingly ‘model’

ne

aligning ideologies

defining building outlines

assessment of brusselization: negotiating between two opposites

creating intermediate zones & courtyard - strategical access and circulation

PROJECT BRIEF OVERVIEW The essence of the project and its articulation resides in the duality which exists between the plinth of the block and the tower. The plinth volume, of a pedestrian scale, dedicated to the productive city and the community facilities, forms a base for the existing building. Small scale production spaces which surround a courtyard, construct the industrial filligree of the city. Simulaneously, by conjoining office space as being the domicile of the 21st century economy with small scale industry, alliances and clusters can be formed. Social housing rises up out of this block, transcending the eyeline of the street. This project, as a work/live configuration,

seeks to mediate between the traditional values of Anderlecht’s urban fabric and the boldness of Les Goujons as a product of Brusselization. The contrast between top and bottom is made even more apparent by their different alignments in relation to the site; the base is following the street, while the upper (existing) volume breaks ties with it. While the south wing of the building is absorbed into an urban block, the north wing redeems a modernist quality it initially never received. It now surrounds itself with public space giving the building the notion of air, light and space.

In the current situation, the plinth is disjointed from the street and public space, it fails to adress the public.

01 ON THE FRONTLINE OF BRUSSELIZATION 7

Image 5 : Section displaying the work/live configuration & communal facilities

SECTION 1:20

3000

communal deck

3400

14790

office

5460

café/canteen

Image 6 : Creation of program clusters on a larger scale: Complete production chain within the block perimeters

2

ROTOR

objective: availability of ‘space’ & logistical node functional hybrid: warehouse

1

3

objective: to reinstate the productive city - small scale industry & office space in a mixed use urban block

ATELIERS ATELIERS

OFFICES

8

URBAN BLOCK TWO

objective: to close the block and creating the typical ‘Anderlecht courtyards’

WAREHOUSE

URBAN BLOCK ONE

2550 2550 2550

2550

2550

dwelling

technical floor

6530

FABLAB instruction office

rs >

u nse asce

LES GOUJONS

2650

entrance residential

parking garage

The typical Anderlecht block is a mixture of different functions, volumes, shapes and spaces that address a variety of users and engages with the public realm in different ways. But all typical Anderlecht blocks share one quality: They are pro-urban and serve the traditional city. They are exploited by the resourcefulness of their residents. By absorbing Les Goujons into a newly established Anderlecht block, it takes advantage from these qualities and resonates the industrial past of the site. Simultaneously, the

reinvented block offers density and social diversity to the city. The inner spaces in the block will provide its users the tools needed to build a community, a place to have a seat and enjoy the weather, as well as a space to have a conversation or a stroll. Without compromising the dramatic and overwhelming aesthetic of Les Goujons, the renovated facade retains the characteristics of the modernist aesthetic.

Reused steel mullions and glass curtain wall panels from Brussels’ WTC glitter the mirage of Brusselization.

01 ON THE FRONTLINE OF BRUSSELIZATION 9

Image 7 : Ground floor +0

N

Existing walls GR ON DE LS ST

10

9

8

RA AT

7

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entrance residential VENT

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co-working office

café/canteen

60 60

pantry

entrance residential

tech. room

tech. room

evac.

tech. room

server room

71 20 tech. room

13

evac.

VENT

entrance residential

tech. room

14

commercial dry cleaner

printer room 60 30

12

71 20

entrance workspaces

tech. room

tech. room

production unit

production unit

production unit

7120

6030

6060

production unit

tech. room

0

intermediate zone

57 30

tech. room

15

RA AT

81 00

tech. room

11 48 0

16

te ch

GR ON DE LS ST

storage

shared workshop FABLAB

60 30

tech. room

janitor's office

11 6030

7120

7060

6030

2960

4180

12400

storage

evac.

8100

4800

5100

production unit 8680

6800

production unit -1680

production unit

5100

5100

production unit

5100

4000

5100

B

8100

5100

corridor

A

C 5100

production unit 0

0

-1680

5100

D raised courtyard

production unit

F

11319

13000

intermediate zone

G evac.

storage

existing production unit

entrance residential

8900

commercial entrance residential

tech. room

14150

public space

5100

5100

E

H

social facility

evac.

-1680

entrance facility

5250

17

conference room

15 50 5

29 60

. ro om

18

kitchen

te ch

19

41 60

I

6900

26

6900

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6900

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21

20

PRÉVINAIRESTRAAT

Image 8 : First floor +6530

N

Existing walls

10

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8 7120

6

7 7120

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6030

6060

4 7060

3 6030

2 2960

1 4180

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81 00

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6530

communal terrace

tech. room

71 20

12

tech. room

tech. room

tech. room

tech. room

tech. room

instruction office

6530

tech. room

71 20

11 6030

7120

7120

6030

6060

7060

6030

2960

4180

5100

dwelling

5100

A

dwelling

B

C 7270

D

1500

dwelling

dwelling

3805

2800

dwelling

4800

5100

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E

F

13000

3811

G

2460

3396

3415

2050

7060

6650

H 7500

dwelling 91 m2 GFA

dwelling 67 m2 GFA

dwelling 91 m2 GFA

dwelling 91 m2 GFA

dwelling 91 m2 GFA

1850

13

tech. room

tech. room

60 30

5100

14

81 00

5100

15

60 60

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16

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18

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20

01 ON THE FRONTLINE OF BRUSSELIZATION 11

Image 9 : (sub)section box, axonometric projection

DWELLING

DWELLING

DWELLING

PRODUCTION UNIT SOCIAL FACILITY

ATELIERS / SHOPS

PARKING GARAGE

12

Image 10 : Project render

PROJECT BRIEF REPRESENTATION The static appearance of the top volume, the visual effect of standardization, dramatics through scale and absence of ornamentation become apparent.

The base volume facades instead delineates the townhouse tradition of 19th century Brussels. With a wink at Brussels’ façadism, these facades correspond

to this tradition by reproducing the informal elevation of the street; arrhythmic placement of windows and balconies, as well as altering building heights. This principle of juxtaposition resonates throughout all aspects of the project. This effect is exactly what comprises the expression of Brusselization.

01 ON THE FRONTLINE OF BRUSSELIZATION 13

Image 11 : Project render

14

Image 12 : Project render set

01 ON THE FRONTLINE OF BRUSSELIZATION 15

Image 13 : Project render

16

Image 14 : Elevations

north east

south west

north east

01 ON THE FRONTLINE OF BRUSSELIZATION 17

Image 15 :

2770

59890

Ventilation strategies

raised courtyard social facility

3700

2920 3610

dwelling

co-working office

production unit

café/canteen

5440

5530

office unit office unit

2950

5440

3300

3976

14150

dwelling

2770

59890

parking

raised courtyard social facility

café/canteen

parking

VENTILATION PASSIVE STRATEGIES The natural ventilation strategy relies on air extraction on each floor through the vertical air ducts in the facade, induced by the Wing Roof and its Venturi effect. Fresh air is drawn through openings in the facade. The double-skin façade acts as a thermal and acoustic buffer, protecting the building against heat loss, weather influences and noise. It decreases wind pressure and velocity on the internal windows, enhancing the prospects for natural ventilation, particularly at the top floors where wind gusts may be

stronger. In alternative situations when wind speeds are low, the natural ventilation strategy still relies on air extraction on each floor through the vertical air ducts in the facade. On sunny days, excessive heat gain can be countered by the presence of a thermal flue, generated by the effect of solar chimney. Heated exhaust air exits through the roof. Fresh cool air from the shaded ‘wind floor’ on the third floor of Les Goujons can be drawn upward through shafts in the core of the building.

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3700

co-working office

production unit

5440

5530

office unit office unit

2920 3610

dwelling

2950

5440

3300

3976

14150

dwelling

thixotropic mortar

Image 16 :

Image 18 :

soil/sedum layer 80 mm drainage 35 mm EPDM membrane mineral wool thermal insulation 200 mm multiplex board 30 mm

Detail 01

Detail section

precast concrete element

80 35

EPDM membrane

Schüco AWS 65 aluminum window frame

01

HE 320 A steel frame

aluminum flashing

window sill

concrete masonry units 100 mm ventilated cavity 25 mm EPS thermal insulation 150 mm prefabricated concrete wall 150 mm gypsum wall board 12,5 mm

sedum roof 115 mm

lowered ceiling cooling panel system

8100

200 30

concrete masonry

HE 320 A steel frame c-profile steel fixing studs

steel fixing unit lowered ceiling cooling panel system

concrete masonry units 100 mm ventilated cavity 25 mm EPS thermal insulation 150 mm prefabricated concrete wall 150 mm gypsum wall board 12,5 mm

Schüco AWS 65 aluminum window frame

concrete ribbon lowered ceiling cooling panel system

Image 17 : Detail 02

01 Entresol 3760

01 Entresol 3760

02 hollow core slab precast concrete

443 flooring + integrated water pipes 50 mm 100 concrete in situ compression layer 50 mm concrete hollow core slab 260 mm mineral wool thermal insulation 150 mm cladding panel 40 mm

Schüco FW50+ curtain wall system

25

155

150 13

lowered ceiling cooling panel system concrete masonry units 100 mm ventilated cavity 25 mm EPS thermal insulation 150 mm prefabricated concrete wall 150 mm gypsum wall board 12,5 mm

Schüco FW50+ aluminum curtain wall

sealing

-01 mv -1680

4

19

URBANISM URBANISM URBANISM URBANISM URBANISM URBANISM URBANISM

02 Drosscaping Delft

The site of this project is positioned inbetween two zones which are expected to develop strongly in the future. In the east, there is the Delft University of Technology, while in the west, there is the Schieoevers redevelopment zone.

While the area around Delft’s Schie canal is strongly connected to the city’s industrial legacy, it is also time to rethink the role of this overlooked site within the new developments and exploit the potential of Delft’s waterfronts. Currently, the post-industrial landscape struggles to provide value to the public. The area seems alienated, detached from the adjacent main road. The proposal aims at creating value and uniting functions that combine recreation, production and dwelling in a territory that will become drastically more sustainable.

In approaching this site as drosscape, I strive for an integrative approach, combining new interventions with leftovers from the past. Remnants are cherished and productively reintegrated in newly emerged patterns of use and appropriation.

YEAR

STUDIO/THEME

2020-2021

MSc1 R&D Studio

PROJECT TYPE

DESIGN TUTOR(S)

Analysis, urban redevelopment

Luca Iuorio, Marjolein Pijpers-Van Esch

PROJECT LOCATION

WORK

Delft (NL)

Individual

PROGRAM

KEY WORDS

Mixed

Densification, drosscape, campus

20

Image 1 : Existing site and patterns of use

N Rotterdamseweg

wasteland

marina

the Nieuwe Haven is listed as a marina.

Leisure ships can get a permit here for long-term berth

waste dump

the empty land falls victim to negligence - the wasteland appears to be used as a dumpsite for redundant materials

swamp

while this open land on the waterfront may seem inviting, it is heavily neglegted and is gated off from the public for safety

Nieuwe Haven

packaging factory

dispatch/logistics

trucks are being loaded and unloaded here

gated storage

The buildings seem abandoned and the parking lots are used to store wrecks and materials

vacant warehouses

Schie

recreational use

quayside

the quay appears to be used as long term parking area.

Cars, trucks, caravans and campervans are parked, vessels are moored on the quay

the Schie is used for inland waterway transport, but also has a strong recreational value for touristic purposes & sports

Schieweg

Schieweg

cable factory

“Drosscapes are interstitial. The designer integrates waste landscapes left over from any form or type of development.”

(Berger, 2006, p.5) Berger, A. (2006). Drosscape: wasting land urban America. Princeton Architectural Press.

02 DROSSCAPING DELFT 21

ds, ate

PROJECT BRIEF OVERVIEW In order to produce a concept for the project area, it is important to understand the given context. A working knowledge of the site was needed to identify the elements which are to be kept and which are to be removed, and seek potential zones for integrating new building volume or public spaces. The detailed plan view of the site presented in image 1 provides insight in the patterns of use, traces of appropriation and program on site. Although the site is located adjacent to the TU campus, it fails to attract students.

Given the fact that the site has no public program or green space, it is easy to understand why. In order to attract a broader group of people other than the occasional users of the marina or factory employees, new social and cultural program has to be added. In

this way, the marina could gain more public value and vacant buildings could be occupied once again.

Reusing existing elements in the densification of my project site has numerous advantages. It reduces waste and loss of embodied energy, it helps to retain identity and it provides an extra layer to the design.

For the reuse strategy, I therefore searched for redundant elements that could regain value through repurposing the element. Each allocated spolia demands its own approach in order to become a fullfledged compenent of the project. Some elements can provide value simply by adopting a new role in the design, such as the pavement material or the chimney, whereas the revival of other elements requires a more active reuse approach.

Image 2 : Conceptual schemes

TU energy hub aquathermal station

cultural courtyard

en hav we

nieu

productive courtyard

rotterdamseweg

Opening up quays for enhanced visibility of the area and the connection between campus and waterfront

Quays as logistic space, tying together the different functions in the plan

Aquathermal station as centerpiece, placed on the crossroads of the area’s main axes

Softening the quays by installing a wooden pier and seating and planting vegetation to enhance recreational value

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Setbacks in the new building volumes form new courtyards, tactfully softening the transitions between public and private

Diversifying the scale of production units in order to create more interaction and improved integration of production into the public realm

Quays as

Image 3 : Conceptual drawing of the reuse strategy

REIMAGINE Some parts of the Hordijk packaging factory could be kept, and over time production halls could gradually adopt other functions in line with the densification strategy

ELIMINATE TO CREATE

ABSTAIN

By stripping the building to its bare structure, the frame becomes a highly flexible spatial container that could be appropriated by users of the public realm

Keeping the chimney may help in retaining the industrial identity of the project area

RECONFIGURE Former warehouses with large open spaces can easily adapt new functions

element to be reused element to be demolished

Image 4 : Materialisation of the public realm

BRICKS The building plinths are cladded in bricks, potentially from reused sources of demolished buidling volumes on site

REUSED SCORIA BRICKS The quay is currently cladded with scoria bricks. They will be kept in order to maintain the industrial identity

MIXED VEGETATION The quay is partially opened up for vegetation. These patches will be planted with a mixture of grasses, shrubs and trees to stimulate biodiversity

REUSED STELCON On former factory ground, stelcon plates are found. They can be kept in order to maintain industrial identity

02 DROSSCAPING DELFT 23

communal rooftops

the rooftop program can be created through bottom up initiatives, involving the community in their living environment

energy systems in sight

HVAC and energy production are occasionally made visible as a technique to stimulate public awareness

sitting landscape

to increase interaction with the water, parts of the Nieuwe Haven are transformed into seating

courtyard entrance

the production courtyard is elegantly differentiated from the public quay by a permeable wall to prelude a transition into a more private space

Nie u marwe Ha ina ven aquathermal energy station

water from the Schie will be used as a source for heating and cooling

Rot

terd am sew eg

24

Image 5 : Overview of the design

steel frame spolia

the structure of this former warehouse is kept to pose as a flexible spatial container for temporary program or activities

Sch

ie

harbour office

a new building on the quay functions as a office for the marina supervisor and facilities for visitors

Hav en

park

roadside coniferous trees

to filter CO2 and fine dust particles, coniferous trees are highly effective

02 DROSSCAPING DELFT 25

Image 6 : Project render set

PROJECT BRIEF REPRESENTATION The programmatic stratification can be perceived visually in the appearance of building volumes.

A distinctive monolith plinth is cladded in brick, whereas the tower volumes rise up from the plinth and stand out due to the visual contrast. The material palette builds into the scale and materiality of the existing industrial properties that distinguish this part western part of the campus. In order to

transform the post-industrial ruins into a sustainable and vibrant district, the area’s spatial richness has to be enhanced. The deserted quays are evolving into a pedestrian friendly promenade, where new types of space along the quay are introduced, adding to the experience of the viewer. From intimate courtyard to sturdy industrial building, this project seeks to intensify and differentiate the spatial imagery.

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Image 7 : Spatial configuration - quay as prototype

private the top layer is used for housing, which has a more subtle connection with the public realm due to the setback from the quay

communal the communal area is a more quiet area, oriented towards the local community for daily use

housing offices

public the waterfront is broadly accessible to the public, equipped with facilities that stimulate a vivid character of the Nieuwe Haven

offices & facilities public program ateliers

Image 8 :

private the building volume is dedicated to office functions, oriented towards start up businesses with affinity to technology and the TU

Spatial configuration - courtyard as exception

communal the courtyard is accessible to the public, but it is intended as a outside (work)space for ateliers housing offices

offices & facilities public program ateliers

public the waterfront is broadly accessible to the public, equipped with facilities that stimulate a vivid character of the Nieuwe Haven

existing element to be reused

02 DROSSCAPING DELFT 27

DOWNWASH BUFFER

PARALLEL FACADE

Mid-rise building volumes are placed on a plinth with a setback, to minimize discomfort on the quay from frontal vortex winds.

To minimize discomfort from prevailing southwest winds, long facades of mid-rise buildings are parallel to the prevailing wind. It also increases prospects for natural ventilation.

PAVEMENT MINIMIZATION

PARK COOL ISLANDS

Opening up the currently paved areas and adding vegetation and permeable surfaces will increase the water retention capacity. New buildings will be equipped with green roofs.

Small patched green areas with trees, grass and shrubs will help reducing daytime heat stress to avoid discomfort.

28

Image 9 : Energy efficiency and microclimate diagrams

30 m HO

30 m HO

EV

24 m 24 m

EN

TSP AC E

NG USI

GYM ICE KET OFF R A ERM SUP

NG USI NG USI HO RS E I L ATE MM

CO

EN

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IAL

ERC

OF

FIC

MA RIN

OF

A

FIC

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30 m RE

HO STA UR

NG USI

AN T

SKIMMING FLOW REGIME

PROGRAM SYNERGIES

Mid-rise building volumes are of similar height and are positioned relatively close to one another, in order to minimize downwash of wind.

A diverse set of functions will contribute to an evenly spread energy consumption pattern throughout the day, and will attract users all day round, stimulating a dynamic atmosphere.

EVAPORATIVE COOLING

WATER PURIFICATION The aquathermal station has an additional benefit besides energy production. It could also be used to purify water, decreasing the pollution levels in the canal.

The development area folds itself around the water of the Schie. Water evaporation will be benificial to cooling the air temperature on hot summer days.

02 DROSSCAPING DELFT 29

E

ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE

03 Hofje Remastered

Elderly people can be vurnerable for isolation from society. Lonliness is a major problem for many seniors.

Establishing new social contacts at an older age is not an easy thing to do. It is therefore not difficult to imagine that seniors will not be too keen on moving to IJburg’s Strandeiland on first insight. After all, by the time that the area will be built, it will be a neighbourhood where all residents start from scratch, and no one has social ties. To attract seniors to IJburg, it is important to focus on housing typologies that stimulate social cohesion.

Establishing one’s interaction with their neighbours should, considering the social context, be a foregone conclusion. This project tries to enable this by seeking solutions that encourage the formation of a community.

One highly succesful example of senior housing in the centuries-old typology of het hofje. It has proven itself over time as a place where residents trust each other, meet each other and stimulate each other to engage in activity.

YEAR

STUDIO/THEME

2018-2019

Dwelling, IJburg Studio

PROJECT TYPE

DESIGN TUTOR(S)

Architectural design

Olv Klijn, Robbert Guis

PROJECT LOCATION

WORK

Amsterdam (NL)

Individual

PROGRAM

KEY WORDS

Senior housing, 13 units + facilities

senior housing, collectivity, hofje

30

Image 1 : Project render

CONCEPT CONDENSED TYPOLOGY Although the concept of het hofje may be a fitting solution to the problem, on IJburg’s Strandeiland, it cannot be executed as a plain copy of the original.

Other factors play a significant role, such as the aspiration for a high urban density and the urbanized context. So, without compromising the key values, a new approach was used to reinvent het hofje within the urban morphology of Strandeiland. This is done through a set of architectural interventions.

As a result, a poly-sided building is formed. Each sub-block has multiple connections to a space with ‘ground level quality’, considering the fact that the succes of het hofje probably coincides with its courtyard. In order to adopt the role that the courtyard has in the original typology, it must

be dominantly embedded in the design. It has to integrate multiple purposes in one continuous space.

By implementing the courtyard into the public realm, it becomes more engaging. The transition from public to collective space is blurred within this zone.

By extending the courtyard into the public sphere, it becomes a more lively space that could serve as a trigger for activity. The courtyard is a Garden Citylike cul de sac in its most compact form. The internal walkway connects the street to individual dwellings and guides residents through the collective grounds and encourages interaction. It is set to be an inviting and diverse place, by creating an internal world that provides a variety of sun and shadow, interior and exterior, wide and narrow, as well as high and low.

03 HOFJE REMASTERED 31

Image 2 : Conceptual schemes

21,5 m

20,0 m

IJburg Strandeiland plot

basic typology: hofje

raising the courtyard space

PUBLIC CORRIDOR

altering the configuration to increase density and quality of the courtyard

creating a void to convey daylight in lower parts of the building volume

Image 3 : Similar to the concept of the public blending with the Courtyard collective realms on the ground floor of the project, the collective space blends with the private space on the second floor. Aside from the main courtyard, of which the exact domain outlines are blurred between the private and the public, each floor has an outdoor space that is shared with the neighbours on their floor. This space may serve as a communal balcony or garden, that is to be appropriated by the residents themselves. It is a space to meet neighbours, to have a chat, to share a coffee, or to carry out a shared hobby. All altering you have to do is step outside. This shared the configuration to increase creating a void to convey daylight in lower density andsocial quality ofinteraction the courtyard all the way toparts of the building volume balcony delivers the resident’s front door. The smaller scale and the subdivision of the building into subcommunities per floor helps residents to indentify themselves as part of a group. Beacuse the project consists of three blocks (or ‘houses’), each with an unique expression, every dwelling on a single floor gains its own identity.

It would be similar to having three houses around a cul de sac, providing residents with a sense of their own property. All dwellings have seperate front doors verging on an outside space, arousing the analogy with the original typology.

32

ROUTE AS SOCIAL SPACE

add circulation space that serves as meeting space

add circulation space that serves as meeting space

altering the config density and qualit

Image 4 : Project render set

03 HOFJE REMASTERED 33

Image 5 : Gradual transition between communal and private grounds

COMMUNAL PRIVATE

Image 6 : Facade concept

formal grid facade

formal formal grid facade grid formal facade grid facade

regulating privacy by widening or narrowing facade openings

regulating regulating privacy regulating privacy by narrowing by privacy narrowing by narrowing or broadening or broadening facade or broadening facade openings openings facade openings

34

overriding the grid for balconies

overriding overriding the grid overriding the forgrid for the grid for balconies balconiesbalconies

Image 7 : Section displaying the configuration of volumes

photovoltaics

brickwork

brick piers

Petersen Cover terracotta cladding

3570

french balcony

+ 9300

Schüco AWS aluminium window frame

bedroom

20300

shared balcony

bedroom

2695

study

+ 6300

bedroom

brickwork

guestroom

+ 3300 HEA220 steel beam

2995

communal living room

entrance

0 2500

3650

1200

900

1250

concrete tiles

4450

CONCEPT HOUSE-SHAPED HOUSES Subsequent to the expression of identity in the composition of three seperate blocks, the internal facades also render visual uniqueness. They show more diversity in composition, by using a smaller scale and thereby enabling individual expression of the housing unit, helping to downsize the scale of the block. The three blocks manifest themselfs as “house-shaped houses”. are distinguishable by the colour of the facade, which serves as a tool for residents to identify themselfs with the architecture of their block. The architectural expression of the building parallels the vernecular architectural identity of Dutch housing. Not particularly in the sense of the stylistic appearance, but rather in its architectural precision and attention for detail that reflects some of the local building tradition. Tactility in the facade,

pitched roofs and outspoken entrances, those kinds of architectectural elements define the identity of local housing. Also, the materialisation of the internal facades renders the collective grounds and the private grounds. Facades with terracotta cladding contain dwellings, whereas plastered facades unveil communal program inside. The external facades are meant to fit the urban plan of Strandeiland.

Unification in the appearance of the outer facade helps to incorporate the size of the block, making it a whole that negates the fragmentation of the building volume which defines so typically the appearance of the inner facade. The street facades adhere to the image of a more rationalist mode of architecture, using a formal grid layout that simultaneously regulates privacy by narrowing towards lower floors.

03 HOFJE REMASTERED 35

Image 8 : Ground floor +0

N

1

2 5600

3 20000 3600

5235

360

317 5

4

5

2700

6

2700

490

2700

7 2700

10295

COMMUNAL HOBBY ROOM 23 m2

COMMUNAL LIVING ROOM 53 m2

2200

80

4800

4850

3230

A

300

300

TERRACE

80 1 1 00

200

B

STORAGE 5 m2

ø 1 500

STORAGE 5 m2

STORAGE 5 m2

STORAGE 5 m2

80

3261

51 00

STORAGE 5 m2

3480

STORAGE 5 m2 STORAGE 4 m2

STORAGE 5 m2

BEDROOM 1 8 m2

188

STORAGE 6 m2

UNIT 1 55 m2 GFA

LAUNDRY 2 m2

260

300

LIVING ROOM 25 m2

80

BATHROOM 5 m2

2200

ø 1 500

COMMUNAL HOBBY ROOM 57 m2

3752

1 0900

1 1 300

m.k.

E

1 800

80

SEMI-PUBLIC CORRIDOR

1 900

80

TECHNICAL SPACE 3 m2

200

STORAGE 6 m2

21 200

C

2400

ENTRANCE 23 m2

81 00

36

Image 9 : Third floor +9300

N

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

10800 5600 80

3600 3355

300

2700

3235

430

2700

2550

80

2390

2700 300

2280

2700 300

2455

300 BEDROOM 1 9 m2

UNIT 9 53 m2 GFA 3625

LIVING ROOM 24 m2

1775

UNIT 10 57 m2 GFA

1920

m.k.

shared platform

3978

5100

300

80

BATHROOM 5 m2

m.k.

LAUNDRY 2 m2

430

ø 1 500

BATHROOM 5 m2

ø 1 500

LIVING ROOM 22 m2

BEDROOM 9 m2

25

C

2400

80

ø 1 500

B

300 925

BEDROOM 1 10 m2

BEDROOM 2 7 m2

3700

4800

A

4380

300

1980

1800

UNIT 8 77 m2 GFA

BATHROOM 7 m2

80 1000 80 2750

300

BEDROOM 11 m2

4311

11300

80

ø 1 500

1520

25

LIVING ROOM 30 m2

300

E 8100

03 HOFJE REMASTERED 37

14000

1500

m.k.

LAUNDRY 2 m2

6

A

Image 10 :

5

Detail sections

1980

dwelling

third floor 9300

therma

2695

therma

1980

Schüco AWS a dwelling

Schüco AWS a

second floor

1 7 / 1 000

6300

therma

w

2695

horizontal section

Schüco AWS a

dwelling

first floor

1 7 / 1 000

3300

communal living room

ground floor 0

door opening outwards

100

2750

1980

200

1980

hwa

375

vertical section

38

fa 3

2

1

load bearing elements and stability

stability

Image 11 :

floor and roof elements

The load-bearing structure floor

roof

wide floor slab 200 mm

steel framing support + wooden sub frame

semi prefabricated concrete floor slab additional compression layer = 50 mm

load bearing and shear wall element

shear wall element

prefabricated wall

prefabricated wall

reïnforced concrete 200 mm

reïnforced concrete 200 mm

span = 5100 mm balcony Steel support framing attatched to floor through Schöck ISOKORF KS

load bearing elements

balcony

steel beams and colums

prefabricated concrete slab attatched to floor through Schöck ISOKORF

HEA or IPE profiles

3

load bearing elements and stability

2

1

stability

floor and roof elements

wood frame wall

wood frame wall

stability by fixation with OSB-sheets

stability by fixation with OSB-sheets

total width of structural element = 230 mm

floor KERTO RIPA T wooden flooring system total width of structural element = 305 mm

total width of structural element = 230 mm

span = 5600 mm

balcony attatched to KERTO RIPA T through Thermobreak bridging steel columns for vertical load

3 1

2

load bearing elements and stability

floor and roof elements

stability

roof wooden frame lightweight roof

shear wall element prefabricated wall reïnforced concrete 200 mm

floor hollow core slab 200 mm prefabricated concrete floor slab

load bearing and shear wall element

c

additional compression layer = 50 mm

prefabricated wall reïnforced concrete 200 mm

span = 8100 mm

39

sustainability spectrum

ven me

ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE

04 Reading Between The Lines

In the North-American context, mechanisms of economydriven urban planning produced a strong impact on the spatial layout of the city. Monofunctional zoning and suburban sprawl diminished the need to innovate in design and to actively incorporate public value on the level of the street. Thus, streets merely became corridors of motorized traffic, rather than a social space.

At the interface of residential zones and industrial zones, we perceive great potential in Toronto. Where both functional zones meet, we often find commercial ‘big boxes’, containing (inter)national retail chains, such as Walmart, The Home Depot, Canadian Tire and others.

These oversized box volumes undermine the public realm by stretching the urban fabric into a scale that forthright dissuades any pedestrian. Therefore, in an effort to fragmentize the urban grid, we try to find common grounds in affordable housing typologies and small scale production in the offset space around the supercentre.

On this leftover and underused space, we knit together the productive and residential urban landscapes.

YEAR

COMPETITION

2020-2021

Bee Breeders Affordable Housing Challenge

PROJECT TYPE

TEAM MEMBERS

Densification strategy, Affordable housing

Gerjan Agterhuis, Casper Bovy

PROJECT LOCATION

RESULT

Toronto, Ontario (CA)

ARCHHIVE BOOKS Student Award + AAPPAREL Green Award

PROGRAM

KEY WORDS

Housing, mixed

The Home Depot, supercentres, the missing middle, productive city

40

Image 1 : Section displaying the inner street

04 READING BETWEEN THE LINES 41

Urban Supercentres STRATEGY BIG BOX URBANISM

A

In a radius from 5 - 10 kilometres from the heart of Toronto, urbanity disperses. But, concentric expansion and increasing density compress these transitions between operational landscapes and residential landscapes.

Business parks and big box retail integrate further into the core of the metropolis. It becomes apparent why such locations are pinpointed by the City of Toronto as key areas for neighbourhood improvement (NIAs). Clearly, the lack of spatial design and scale discrepancies subvert the formation of meaningful public space. However, the abundance of space grants generosity to new developments and initiatives, in order to move towards more livable and sustainable neighbourhoods. This marks our strategy for the creation of affordable housing in close proximity to downtown Toronto and all its popular facilities and cultural hotspots. The chosen site is the area around a The Home Depot store in Thornliffe Park, Toronto. By repurposing the logistics space around the building, it could become communal space where work-live configurations can take shape. New volumes mask the current blind facades and interact strongly with the public street. Instead of undermining the values of the city, the big boxes of Toronto could become a host for mixed-use developments of affordable housing and small locally-oriented businesses that constitute the functional spine of the metropolis. In that way, a supercentre no longer dries out the urban fabric. It enriches it, by adding density and functional diversity to these spatial misfits in Toronto neighbourhoods in order to become more livable.

B

C

10,0 km

Beechborough-Greenbrook

Keelesdale-Eglinton West

Rockcliffe-Smyth Weston-Pellam Park

Image 2 : Urban-industrial fringes; where livability crumbles

N

Vaughan

Vaughan

North York

North York

Scarborough

Scarborough

South Park Etobicoke

Etobicoke

Toronto

Toronto

0

A02

0,5

Walmart

Brookhaven-Amesbury size: 11500 m2

0

industrial 1,0 2,0 zones

NIAs (neighbourhood 5,0 km improvement areas)

commercial zones

0

1,0

5,0 km

2,0

42

1

B02

The Home Depot Yorkdale-Glen Park size: 13500 m2

2,5

km

B03

Canadian Tire Beechborough-Greenbrook size: 8500 m2

Image 3 :

So

Locating sites of action - city scale analysis

big box supercentres Walmart, Home Depot, etc.

E

D

F

G

industrial & commercial

NIAs (neighbourhood improvement areas)

H

I

0

J

0,5

Flemingdon Park

2,5

1

K 01

Thorncliffe Park

IMAGE 4

02

03

04

5,0 km

05 Regent Park

06

2,5 km

1,0 km

+

07

UNION STATION

kdale

08

A05

A05

B05

K01

I01

I01

G04

Rockcliffe-Smythe size: 13000 m2

Junction Area size: 11000 m2

Junction Area size: 15500 m2

O’Connor-Parkview size: 12000 m2

Thorncliffe Park size: 12000 m2

Thorncliffe Park size: 18000 m2

Rosedale-Moore Park size: 4000 m2

Walmart

Canadian Tire

The Home Depot

The Home Depot

The Home Depot

Costco

Canadian Tire

04 READING BETWEEN THE LINES 43

km

Image 4 : Introducing the ‘missing middle’

THE HOME DEPOT

selected project

potential neighbourhood densification sites

STRATEGY THE MISSING MIDDLE The proposed strategy aims at generating a full range of opportunities for Toronto’s urban-industrial fringes. The proposal produces multiple architectural interventions to be able to address all the challenges within the urban fabric. These could range from creating new blocks with intimate shared courtyards to deal with the vastness of the existing parking lots, to externally oriented blocks which pass on the potential for new developments outward to the neighbouring parcels. The strategies are geared to prevent loss of existing functional qualities by replacing the existing parking lots with subterranean ones for example. These new developments cater for

a more diverse supply of local business, attributing for a more dynamic and inclusive neighbourhood. In addition, mid-rise developments add a new layer to the city’s housing tradition. Toronto’s housing stock is currently overrepresented by high-rise apartment buildings on one hand, and single family homes on the other hand, with little inbetween. Adding this mid-rise scale across the city could open up new opportunities for strategic densification. A wider variety of housing typologies will help to stimulate progression in the housing market and increase the accessibility of an affordable home for the citizens of Toronto.

“Encouraging 4 – 6 storey apartment construction ‘as-of-right’ along the major streets and avenues in the urban region could represent the next big opportunity for ‘missing middle’ housing. Such streets are frequently lined by extensive strip malls and other low intensity uses, providing relatively easy-to-develop sites in the newer parts of the urban area if more permissive zoning and planning policies are introduced.”

(Toronto Real Estate Board, 2020, p.5) Toronto Real Estate Board. (2020). The ‘Missing Middle’ An Answer to Toronto’s Housing Shortages?

44

Image 5 : Program schemes

COMMUNAL LIVING ROOM

OWNERSHIP HOUSING

OWNERSHIP HOUSING

RENTAL HOUSING

RENTAL HOUSING

Affordable housing should be accessible to a wide variety of groups, ranging from young professionals to seniors. A variety of sizes and typologies are intoduced in this project to address the needs of all; whether that is a short stay rental studio, or an ownership home for long term housing.

SENIOR HOUSING

DWELLING

PARKING FACILITY

AUXILIARY PROGRAM AFFORDABLE HOUSING

AMENITIES, WORK & LEISURE A healthy and appealing urban block does not solely consist of residential program.

To activate a local community and public space, facilities for local employment and leisure should be incorporated into the project. Local entrepeneurship in the smallscale manufacturing industry is facilitated by making production units available for rent in the building plinths.

PRODUCTION UNITS

RUNNER’S CLUB FACILITY

RETAIL

THE HOME DEPOT

COMMERCIAL & LEISURE

CO-WORKING OFFICE

SMALL-SCALE MANUFACTURING RETAIL

CIRCULATION

THE HOME DEPOT LOGISTICAL AREA

The revitalization of the logistics space around The Home Depot building aims at transforming this area into meaningful and attractive inner streets. They prelude the housing block entrances, making it feasible ground for the formation of a community. It will become a place where local entrepreneurs and residents cross paths, as well as forming a showcase for the manufacturing industry, given the productive nature of the adjacent program.

EED

KST

WIC

N AVE

UE

IN

BR

EN

TC LIF F

NE

RS TR

EE

T

ER

OA D

INTERIOR CIRCULATION EXTERIOR CIRCULATION

COM

AD L RO RCIA

ME

04 READING BETWEEN THE LINES 45

STUDIO APT. 34 m2/366 ft2

Image 6 : Overview of the design

sound buffer

to minimize nuisance caused by loading and unloading of goods, the interior circulation of the building is located along the back facade

logistic street space

the former service back street is transformed into a multifunctional corridor, enhancing the usability of the available space

ONE BEDROOM APT. 50 m2/538 ft2

46

ONE BEDROOM CONDO 66 m2/710 ft2

runner’s club

supercentre roof spaces could provide extra leisure space for the local urban population

street fronts

the added building volumes seek to make active facades on the public realm, catering for more lively and dynamic streets

04 READING BETWEEN THE LINES 47

ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE

05 The Shack

The Museumpark in Rotterdam is one of the most prominent cultural hotspots in the city. It is home to several museums, one of which is the Nieuwe Instituut building. Although being constructed in 1993 by architect Jo Coenen, for this design studio, the idea was to produce an alternative design for the building. Function-wise, it does not only serve as a museum; it is a multifunctional facility, that attracts many visitors interested in the creative industries. The Nieuwe Instituut is also an office, an archive, a library and a cafe. These functions had to be carefully integrated into the architectural design of the building. This project deals with a rich urban context, demanding an effort to align the public program of this project with public life, while simultaneously attesting to the need to distinguish itself from the other architectural extravaganzas in close proximity. This design for the Nieuwe Instituut conveys clarity through form, an articulated volumetric composition and stratification, providing congruence to a complex set of functions.

YEAR

STUDIO/THEME

2017-2018

BSc6 design studio

PROJECT TYPE

DESIGN TUTOR(S)

Architectural design

Arie Bergsma

PROJECT LOCATION

WORK

Rotterdam (NL)

Individual

PROGRAM

KEY WORDS

Cafe, museum, archive

functional seperation, mixed-use, cultural facility

48

Image 1 : Museumpark overview - urban setting

public platform

HET NIEUWE INSTITUUT

BOIJMANS DEPOT

BOIJMANS VAN BEUNINGEN ERASMUS MC

NATUURHISTORISCH MUSEUM

KUNSTHAL

PROJECT BRIEF OVERVIEW The plot is located at the northern side of the Museumpark, where it is adjacent to a residential neighbourhood. Through its spatial configuration, the design seeks to connect these urban zones spatially. Since the design retains a maximum of surface space available to the public, the project area forms a new zone within the Museumpark, for the good of the urban public realm. By complying the height of the lower volume to the building

height of these residential neighbourhoods, the typical urban functions, such as the cafe and office, remain at this ‘urban’ level. Being the main striking volume, the museum transcends the urban level as a floating element above the city. It creates a clear functional seperation. The museum volume poses as a recognizable object, preluded by an eye-catching staircase. It immediatly directs the public to the most prominent functional zone of the building.

05 THE SHACK 49

Image 2 : Floor plans MUSEUM HALL II

FOURTH FLOOR + 20100

MUSEUM HALL III

THIRD FLOOR + 16800

MUSEUM HALL IV

MUSEUM HALL I

SECOND FLOOR + 13500

ROOF + 8500

PANTRY

STORAGE

OFFICE

FIRST FLOOR + 5500

FOYER ENTRANCE

STUDY ROOM AUDITORIUM

CAFE

GROUND FLOOR + 2500

TERRACE

DISTRIBUTION

STUDY ROOM

BASEMENT - 1000

ARCHIVE

AUDITORIUM

50

Image 3 : Conceptual schemes

Eendrachtsplein Rotterdam CS

Witte de Withstraat + Rotterdam Centrum

Mathenesserlaan

-

Museumpark

plot within urban context

minimalize built su maximalize pub

archive roof forms a public platform with strategic access

Eendrachtsplein Rotterdam CS

orm

+

Witte de Withstraat + Rotterdam Centrum

-

+

minimalize built surface area, maximalize public space

ca.

10 m

‘urban functions’ on Rotterdam’s urban level

museum volume is differentiated through lifting it above the urban level

Image 4 :

Project render

05 THE SHACK 51

Image 5 : Section displaying the functional separation

shack /ʃæk/

ROTTERDAM

noun [c] 1. a roughly built hut or cabin.

10200

18600

museum - hall one

14800

storage

sliding panels polycarbonate ZTA=0,37

6100

public platform

corridor

3200

4800

facade: Rc = 6,2 m2K/W brickwork, stretcher bond 100 mm ventilated cavity 35 mm waterproofing Rockwool 180 mm reinforced concrete 150 mm plastering 10 mm

archive

52

roof: Rc = 6,4 m2K/W BIPV roofing (Building Integrated Photovoltaic Panels) trussing, timber 15 x 15 mm waterproofing timber framing - plywood 12 mm - ISOVER System Roll 1000 - 200 mm + timber trussing 200 x 50 mm - plywood 12 mm plywood 12 mm gypsum board 12,5 mm

EXPOSITION

EXPOSITION

EXPOSITION

facade: Rc = 8,2 m2K/W aluminum slats aluminum panels ventilated cavity 20 mm waterproofing ISOVER RKL 31 Facade insulation - 50 mm timber frame element - plywood 12 mm - ISOVER System Roll 1000 - 200 mm + timber trussing 200 x 50 mm - plywood 12 mm gypsum board 12,5 mm

2800

steel space frame

office space

triple glazing U= 0,7 W/m2K

distribution/logistics

05 THE SHACK 53

Image 6 : Project render

PROJECT BRIEF PROGRAM STRATEGY One of the main ambitions for this multifunctional project was to incorporate a high level of spatial flexibility into the architectural and technical design.

To integrate this, I chose to strategically configure the program into seperated zones. Generic/neutral program is seperated from the specific program. This type of program requires spatial or technical features that hamper a possible functional alteration. Therefore, the museum volume, which containts a highly specific program, is being built in such a way that the materials

could be dismounted and reused elsewhere. Generic program is spatially neutral. It could more easily foster spatial changes. The design for these generic zones enables such a functional alteration. The structure and facade for example, are expected to have long functional life spans. The materials used here should therefore be more durable and high-end than the upper volume, which is expected to have a shorter life span. The volume renders an architectural expression is more sober and rough.

54

Image 7 : Program strategy

SPECIFIC PROGRAM

GENERIC PROGRAM

Reusable steel frame

Multifunctional 5700 x 8100 mm grid dimensions, suitable for transformation into parking, residential and office functions.

Strategy: circular building

Strategy: enabling adaptive program

Reusable hollow core slabs through remountable joints

High-end materials adjust to technical life spans of building layers

Implementing HVAC, facade and structure als seperate building layers

ROUTE Clearly articulating the entrance, preluding the most prominent and public function in the building: the museum.

FUNCTIONAL SEPERATION Functional seperation as architectural tool The lower volume as archive, rendered as a monolith, material-wise unified with the plaza.

Above, there is the program that fits the urban layer and context (café, offices, foyer).

The museum volume floats above the city, through which it becomes a recognizable and solitary entity.

Image 8 : Concept sketch

05 THE SHACK 55

Image 9 : The load-bearing structure

ROOF steel spaceframe Structural frame with trusses allows for large spans.

MUSEUM VOLUME steel beams and columns Stability and load division through structural cores. Floor slabs are remountable hollow core slabs

TABLE CONSTRUCTION steel spaceframe Spaceframe opens creating cantilevers.

up

possibilities

for

FIRST FLOOR steel beams and columns Steel frames also used in generic volumes to maximize flexibility

GROUND FLOOR & BASEMENT steel beams and columns + concrete basement shell Concrete shell for thermal regulation.

Throughout the entire load-bearing structure, the central stability cores regulate horizontal loads.

56

OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM