Published by Was Media Ltd. The book has been designed and produced to its highest quality. Please note: it is the responsibility of the advertiser to check there advertisment for any errors, the publisher is not responsible for any incorrect or incomplete adverts.
1
SAFETY AT HOME - BURNS discuss the following with you teacher, adult or parent • what is the safety rule about matches? _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________
look around your home and name the equipment which can get hot and possibly burn. _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ scalds and burns caused by very hot liquid or steam. when might this happen? _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ why is it important for an adult to check the temperature of the bath or shower? ________________________________________________________________________
burns and scalds are very painful. you can stop the pain by holding the burned part under cold water for 10 minutes. if it is very bad, you may have to go to hospital.
it is better of course to take care and avoid accidents.
2
SAFETY AT HOME - CUTS there are lots of things in the home that you can cut yourself on. sharp objects can make you bleed.
opening tins can be very dangerous which is why it is best done by an adult.
can you name what is used to open tins?
when you use scissors, it is best to cut in a direction away from yourself because they might slip and cut you.
when you pass scissors or a knife to anyone else, always remember to offer the other person the handle to take.
we all break things fro time to time. what do you think you should do if you break a cup or glass containing liquid? ask an adult if you are right. use a dustpan and brush to sweep up the broken bits so you don’t ha e to touch them.
broken toys, especially plastic ones, can have nasty sharp edges. throw them away safely, don’t give them away
3
FIRST AID using first aid all body machines go wrong from time to time. they are usually repaired or treated by doctors, but if an injury or illness has just happened you can help yourself and others by using first aid. if you know what to do, you can:
• save a life • stop the injury getting worse • help the person recover
IN THE WARS treating small wounds although your body can often heal itself, first aid can give nature a helping hand. if a cut or a wound is looked at straight way, it is unlikely to bleed for long or become infected.
1. before you do anything else, wash your hands in soap and warm water. if gloves are available. put them on. 2. if the wound is dirty, clean it by rinsing it under cold running water from a tap. 3. gently pat the wound dry, with a clean tissue
4
4.
leave the wound covered for a second or two whilst you clean the skin around the wound - not the wound itself - with soap and water. use clean tissues for this.
5.
pat the wound area dry. put on a sticking plaster if you have one. remember, always pull back the protective strips on the plaster without touching the dressing pad.
FIRST AID treating severe bleeding sometimes a cut or wound may be large or deep. it might gush with blood. if this is the case, the blood will have difficulty clotting because it is flowing too fast. this wound will need special treatment.
1.
make sure you can see the wound. cut away any clothing that is covering the wound. watch out : don’t cut yourself on any glass or sharp objects which are still in the wound.
2.
press down firmly on the place where the blood is coming from. make a clean pad (from any fabric that you can find). use it to cover the wound.
3.
if the wound is long and open, press the edges together before you press down. if there is something sticking out of the wound do not pull it out, as you will make the bleeding worse. put your thumbs on either side of the object and press down. try to dress and bandage the wound around the object.
4.
bandage the wound by raising the wound higher than the heart, the bleeding will slow down and should stop within 5-15 minutes. if this is so, do not lift the pad away from the wound. tie a bandage firmly over the pad. if you haven’t got a bandage a scarf or strip of cloth will do.
5.
send for medical help dial 999 and ask for an ambulance
6.
keep the person warm comfort them by talking to them and do not give them anything to eat or drink.
scientists now know that blood can carry infections. if you find yourself in a situation where a patient is losing a lot of blood.... • make sure that any open wounds or sores on your hands are covered with waterproof plasters. • use disposable plastic gloves if you have them. if not clean plastic bags will do. • wash your hands carefully in warm soapy water before and after you touch a patient.
5
HOW MANY PLASTERS ARE THERE?
6
FIRST AID - BURNS somethings burning cuts and grazes are not the only kind of flesh wounds. burns are often just as serious and may be more painful - but what causes them?
• • • • •
flames, cigarettes and hot irons can cause dry burns metal containers from the freezer can stick to your skin causing cold burns staying outdoors for too long in strong sunlight can lead to sunburn bleach, acids, cleaning fluids and paint stripper can give chemical burns hot water, hot oil or steam may cause scalds
each of these burns should be treated as soon as possible and in the correct way.
dry burns and scalds burned skin will carry on burning for a short while after the accident. cool the skin immediately by holding it under cold running water.
A keep the burned part under cold running water for at least 10 minutes. B do not put ointment or fat onto the burn C cover the burn with germs getting into it.
a clean dry soft cloth. this will stop
D if the burn is still painful telephone the doctor.
electrical burns A
if someone has had an electric shock do not touch them. an electric current can pass from them to you by touching. switch off the electricity at the meter. pull out the plug. B if you can’t turn off the electricity, stand on a dry block of wood or paper and use a dry wooden pole to move the patient away from the source of the shock. never try this if the person has touched an outdoor current. dial 999 at once D send for medical help immediately
7
FIRST AID - BURNS chemical
burns
A chemical burns may cause redness and stinging. pour cold water on to the affected skin to dilute and wash away the chemical. (fig 1.) keep the burned skin under the cold running water for up to 20 minutes. B remove arm from water and take off any clothing which has had the chemical spilt onto it. use gloves to protect your hands. (fig 2.) C if the chemical splashes into the patients eye, hold the eye under gently running water for 10 minutes. take the patient to hospital. (fig 3.)
1.
2.
3.
sunburn A help the patient indoors or if this is not possible into the shade. B cool the skin by sponging with cold water or soaking in a cold bath C give the patient a glass of cold water to sip. if the burns are mild, calamine lotion or after sun may soothe them. if they are very sore or blistered, take the patient to see a doctor
cold burns aims: to warm affected area slowly to prevent further damage. obtain medical aid if necessary ensure casualty is in a warm place. gently place affected part in warm water. dry carefully and apply light dressing such as gauze bandage.
8
THE RECOVERY POSITION
9
FIRST AID - 999 calls making a 999 call when you think of the emergency services we usually think of police, ambulance and fire brigade, there are actually six
1.
police service
2.
fire brigade
3.
ambulance service
4.
coastguard
5.
cave rescue
6.
mountain rescue
you can make a 999 call if you have no money or credit on your phone - a 999 call is free
REMEMBER - HOAX 999 CALLS ARE A CRIME AND WILL BE INVESTIGATED REMEMBER - ALL 999 CALLS ARE RECORDED
10
FIRST AID - 999 calls if you had to call 999, in an emergency would you know which service to ask for? look at the pictures below and list the correct emergency service or services under each one. remember in some situations you will need two or even three motorway crash mangled vehicles.
falling downstairs old person..
fallen beam - trapping someone on a building site..
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
child knocked down by car.
person falls and hurts leg whilst hill walking.
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
house fire.
child gets into difficulty with dinghy at sea.
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
robbery jewellers window.
family haven’t returned from a countryside walk on time and the weather has worsened.
11
FIRE SAFETY
12
FIRE SAFETY fire prevention matches and lighters should only be used by adults they are not toys. tell an adult immediately if you ever find any lying around.
lit cigarettes should be placed safely in a secure ashtray. cigarette ends should be carefully stubbed out and ashtrays emptied.
unplug all electrical appliances that are not being used and are not designed to be left on.
READY FOR BED IN 3 SIMPLE STEPS: make your home safer at night by:
1.
unplugging electrical equipment
2,
check ashtrays are emptied when cold
3.
closing doors
13
CAN YOU FIND YOUR WAY THROUGH MAZE TO SAFETY
14
SMOKE ALARMS detection no matter how careful you are, accidents do happen and we must be prepared for them. being prepared for fire means being able to detect it at the earliest possible moment so that we have a good chance of escaping unhurt.
REMEMBER SMOKE ALARMS SAVE LIVES
• • • • • •
remember that any smoke can set the alarm off so the kitchen isn’t the best place to put one. make sure your smoke alarm works properly: change the battery every 12 months and vacuum around the sensor every 6 months. check the alarm is working by pressing the test button every week. by following these simple rules you will increase your chances of escaping unhurt from a fire in your home. why not make a note in your diary to remind you when to check the smoke alarm in your house.
15
SMOKE ALARMS IF THE SMOKE ALARM IS BEEPING YOUR HOUSE IS ON FIRE!
• •
make sure everyone in the house knows there is a fire.
• • •
leave the house
check the door handle, if it is hot do not open (follow stage 2 below), if it is cool escape and close the doors on your way out.
dial 999 to call the fire brigade stay out of the house
if you are trapped in one room by flames or smoke or if the door handle is too hot, block the gaps around the door with something soft like a towel or blanket to stop the smoke getting in. if you cant get out, stay by the window and shout to attract the attention of someone who can call the fire brigade. stay by the window and wait for the fire brigade to arrive.
16
HOUSEHOLD DANGERS can you circle all the dangers in these different rooms
bathroom
kitchen
living room
bedroom
17
ELECTRICITY DID YOU KNOW?
a flash of lightening has a voltage of 100 million volts. a torch battery has a voltage of 1.5 volts.
the wire in a light bulb gets so hot that it glows white and gives off light. the most powerful searchlight ever, was made during the second world war. it was as bright as 2,700,000,000 candles.
the ancient greeks were the first to discover static electricity. they noticed that if they rubbed the side of a piece of amber, it would pick up pieces of straw and dust.
the human body makes its own electricity and uses it to send messages to and from the brain. these electrical messages can travel at speeds of up to 288 kilometres per hour. at night when popular tv programmes end, the demand for electricity rises sharply. this is because everyone gets up to put the kettle on!
• BE AWARE OF HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICITY! • ELECTRICITY CAN JUMP THROUGH THE AIR • HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICITY CAN TRAVEL THROUGH ROPES, FISHING RODS, KITE LINES, WATER AND AIR TO REACH YOU. • DO NOT ENTER ELECTRICITY SUBSTATIONS • SUBSTATIONS ARE VERY DANGEROUS PLACES, STAY AWAY FROM THEM. • ELECTRICITY CAN KILL YOU • REMEMBER! PLAY SAFE AND STAY ALIVE
18
ELECTRICITY WHICH WORD DOES NOT APPEAR IN THE PUZZLE
pylon dangerzone kite cable fence football death play safe volt shock keep out underground pole lightning electricity wire gates door power station burns
REMEMBER! ELECTRICITY CAN KILL YOU PLAY SAFE AND STAY ALIVE
19
GAS there are a set of five safety rules for gas leaks. 1. turn off the gas check to see if not, turn basement or evacuate the
if any gas has been left unlit or if a pilot light has gone out. off the gas at the meter, unless the meter is located in a cellar. if there is a smell of gas in the basement or cellar, building. make sure that you know where the lever is.
2. call the national gas emergency service ring the gas emergency service yourself. don’t leave it for someone else to do. the number is in the telephone directory under ‘gas’ 0800 111 999
3 open windows and doors this lets gas escape, clearing the air
4 do not smoke or use a naked flame
5 do not touch electrical switches turning a light on or off can ignite escaping gas,
DID YOU KNOW natural gas has almost no smell of its own! a smell is added to it. why do you think they do this. what to do if you smell gas if you smell gas you should not use naked flames or switch on lights. you should let the gas out of the house by opening windows. then you should turn off the gas at the supply and telephone the national gas emergency service on 0800 111 999
20
WATER SAFETY it is very important that you learn how to swim because one day it could save your life. most people learn to swim in a public swimming pool like the one pictured below swimming pools are fun but you must always follow the rules so that everyone enjoys themselves there
look at the picture and then answer the questions
A
why is it dangerous to run along the edge of the pool
B
why is this girl breaking the rules
C
why is it dangerous to copy what this boy is doing
D
what do lifeguards do
E
what is his boy doing wrong
F
why shouldn’t you eat or drink in a swimming pool
G
why is it dangerous to push someone else into the pool
H
what is his boy doing wrong
21
SMOKING there is no one reason why people smoke, but many people say it helps them to cope with stress when they are at work, even though they know it is bad for their health. people smoke cigars and pipes, but the most common thing to smoke is a cigarette. cigarettes are made from tobacco which comes from the leaf of a plant. when you light a cigarette the tobacco burns and gives off a lot of chemicals and gases which you breathe into your lungs: in fact, NICOTINE makes your heart beat faster and tells your stomach to make more acid. this can cause stomach ulcers. CARBON MONOXIDE is a colourless gas. inhaling carbon monoxide can leave you short of breath. it can also stop oxygen from getting to the parts of your body that need it. TAR is brown, smelly and sticky. tar gets left behind in your lungs when you breathe in cigarette fumes. if the tar is allowed to build up it can kill parts of your lungs or cause cancer. tar also makes it difficult to clear mucus from your lungs leaving you congested and sore.
smoking can also harm other parts of your body too. 80% of heart attacks are caused by smoking. 95% of people who have bronchitis are smokers.
it is against the law to sell cigarettes to children under 16 - even if you are buying them for someone else. as well as damaging your health there are some other unpleasant side effects to smoking. the smoke from a cigarette can annoy other people. it can irritate their eyes and make them cough. when they have to breathe it in, it is called passive smoking. smoking is now banned in all indoor spaces. pregnant women are advised not to smoke to ensure god health fro themselves and their baby. cigarette smoke can make your hair, breath, clothes and house smell horribly. have you noticed that some people have yellow stains on their fingers? this is caused by the tar in cigarettes and is difficult to scrub off.
22
ROAD SAFETY WORDSEARCH
23
THE GREEN CROSS CODE the green cross code is a guide for everyone showing you how to cross the road safely.
1.
THINK FIRST
- find the safest place to cross then stop.
if possible cross roads at: subways, footbridges, islands, zebra, pelican and traffic light crossings. or where there is a : police officer, school crossing patrol or traffic warden. if you cant find any good crossing places like these, choose a place where you can see clearly along roads in all directions and where drivers can see you. never cross on sharp bends or just before the top of a hill.
2.
STOP
- stand on the pavement near the kerb.
give yourself lots of time to have a good look all around. stand a little way back from the kerb - where you will be away from traffic, but where you can still see if anything is coming.
3.
USE YOUR EYES AND EARS look in
- look all around for traffic and listen.
every direction
listen carefully because you can sometimes hear traffic before you can see it.
4.
WAIT UNTIL IT’S SAFE TO CROSS
- if traffic is coming, let it pass.
do not cross unless there is a safe gap and you are sure there is plenty of time. if you are not sure - do not cross.
5.
LOOK AND LISTEN when it is safe, walk straight across the road. always walk across - never run.
6.
ARRIVE ALIVE keep looking and listening for traffic while you cross.
24
ROAD SIGNS road signs give motorists and pedestrians instructions. what do you think the following signs mean?
25
RAILWAY SAFETY RAILWAY CODE never go onto a railway line - ever
railway lines are dangerous places. never damage the fences that are there to protect you
always use the footbridge. never take shortcuts
never throw anything onto the railway or towards trains,
never dangle anything from a railway bridge • 25,000 volts can kill • this power can jump a big gap • it is never switched off
never squeeze around barriers of a level crossing if they are closed • dont cross if the warning lights are on
REMEMBER THE RAILWAY CODE!
26
RAILWAY WORDSEARCH A T B R I D G E S T R A I N T G T V W A C E
T S R U G
H C R O S S I N G I K P U D M K N L S S A F
E T Y E I
T E M F N D G L S L O O K C O Y V T E B L I V E Z K E A R T Q B L I S N train tracks whistle tunnel crossing
safety bridges look listen live
27
RAILWAY SAFETY
ANSWERS FIRE WORDSEARCH
RAILWAY WORDSEARCH A T B R I D G E S T R A I N T G T V W A C E
T S R U G
H C R O S S I N G I K P U D M K N L S S A F
E T Y E I
T E M F N D G L S L O O K C O Y V T E B L I V E Z K E A R T Q B L I S N
28
ANSWERS
loose gravel
no more than 30mph
no left turn
roadworks ah ahead
level crossing
roundabout ro rou oundabout
no bycycles
children cro crossing rossing
52 no entry try ry
crossing ah ahead
pylon lon da dangerzone kite cable fence football all death th pla play safe volt shock keep out lighting under ground pole electricity ctricity wir wire gates s door oor power s station n burns
lightning
waay y crash motorway edd vehicles. vehicles mangled
falling downstairs o person.. person old
police, fir fi fire re & anc nce nc ambulance
ambulan ulance ambulance
robbery jewellers window.
child knocked down by car.
person falls s and aan hurts leg whilstt hill hil hi walking.
police & ambulance _______________________
mountain rescue _______________________ & ambulance _______________________
house fire.
child gets into difficulty with dinghy at sea.
police
_______________________ _______________________ family haven’t returned from a countryside walk on time and the weather has worsened.
cave & mountain _______________________ rescue & ambulance _______________________
_______________________
police, fire & ambulance
bathroom
kitchen
living room
bedroom
n beam b fallen - trapping someonee on a building s te t site..
police, fire fir & ambul mbulance cee
coastguard
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
This book has been produced, illustrated, & carefully designed by Was Media Ltd. 2008
Produced by Was Media Ltd. 2008