Important Bird Areas of the World

Zones importantes pour la conservation des oiseaux dans le monde Important Bird Areas of the World

Areas Importantes para la Conservación de las Aves en el mundo Ключевые орнитологические территории мира

世界上的重點鳥區

‫المناطق المهمة للطيور في العالم‬

Unprotected IBA or protection status unknown Wholly or partially protected IBA The process of IBA identification is still underway in some areas, including Antarctica, Chile, New Guinea, New Zealand, the USA and in the marine environment. Preliminary or partial information is shown for these areas, where available. While all IBAs are internationally significant, only those meeting global criteria are shown.

The presentation of information on this map and the geographical designations employed do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of BirdLife International concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

More information on BirdLife International’s Important Bird Areas programme is given on the reverse of this poster.

10,000 sites to save

Andorra

Argentina

Armenia

Australia

Austria

10,000 個需要拯救的地方

10.000 sites à sauver

Azerbaijan

Bahamas

Bahrain

Belarus

Belgium

Belize

Bolivia

Botswana

Brazil

Bulgaria

Burkina Faso

Burundi

Cameroon

Canada

Chile

Cook Islands

Cote d’Ivoire

Cuba

Cyprus

Czech Republic

Djibouti

Denmark

Dominican

Ecuador

Egypt

El Salvador

Estonia

Ethiopia

Falkland Islands

Faroe Islands

Finland

Republic

(Malvinas)

Georgia

Germany

Ghana

Gibratar

Greece

Hong Kong

Hungary

Iceland

India

Indonesia

Iraq

Ireland

Israel

Italy

Japan

Jordan

Kenya

French Polynesia

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Canada

France

Kuwait

www.birdlife.org

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Latvia

Palau

Spain

Lebanon

Liberia

Liechtenstein

Lithuania

Luxembourg

FYR Macedonia

Madagascar

Malawi

Malaysia

Malta

Mexico

Myanmar

Nepal

Netherlands

New Caledonia

New Zealand

Nigeria

Norway

Palestine

Panama

Paraguay

Philippines

Poland

Portugal

Puerto Rico

Qatar

Romania

Rwanda

Samoa

Saudi Arabia

Seychelles

Sierra Leone

Singapore

Slovakia

Slovenia

South Africa

Sri Lanka

Suriname

Sweden

Switzerland

Syria

Taiwan

Tanzania

Thailand

Tunisia

Turkey

Uganda

Ukraine

United Kingdom

Uruguay

USA

Yemen

Zambia

Zimbabwe

Oceania Middle East and Central Asia

1

South America Asia Africa Australasia North America Central America and the Caribbean Europe 0% 50% 100% Percentage of wholly or partially protected IBAs Source: Analysis of data held in BirdLife’s World Bird Database

... are the most significant places for conserving birds

... are identified using standardised science-based criteria

3

Image: Bicoloured Antvireo (Guy Tudor) Coppery-chested Jacamar (Clive Byers) White-necked Parakeet (Etel Vilaró) colombia

Ecuador–Peru East Andes EBA Number of restricted-range species 11–14

•

• 6–10 • 3–5 •

1–2 ecuador

Coppery-chested Jacamar

1 Globally threatened species

Four categories of criteria are used to identify IBAs consistently worldwide. These are based on the two main considerations used 2 in planning site networks for biodiversity conservation: threat Restricted(category 1) and irreplaceability (categories 2, 3 & 4).

150

National IBA publications 1987–2010 White-necked Parakeet

range species Peru those with breeding ranges smaller than 50,000 km2

Criteria for identifying IBAs

3 Biomerestricted assemblages

Source: www.birdlife.org/sowb

4 Congregations large aggregations of one or more species

communities of birds characteristic of a distinct biome

Some places are much more important for birds (and other biodiversity) than others. It is effective to focus conservation effort on these places. For IBAs, the distribution of key bird species defines the key sites—discrete areas of habitat that can be delineated and, at least potentially, managed for conservation. Currently, some 10,000 IBAs have been identified worldwide, with global coverage of terrestrial and freshwater environments nearly complete.

120

90

60

30

0 1987 1988 1989 1991 1992 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Year of publication

4

Image: Blue-bellied Roller (NCF)

... highlight gaps in protected area networks The Programme of Work on Protected Areas of the Convention on Biological Diversity encourages countries to establish and maintain comprehensive and ecologically representative protected area networks. Combining data on IBAs and existing protected areas highlights some of the most important gaps. Despite recent increases, only some 25% of IBAs are fully legally protected.

Evidence shows that IBA networks are disproportionately important for other animals and plants. They are an effective ‘first cut’ of the overall network of Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs), the most significant sites for biodiversity conservation worldwide. The highest conservation priorities of all KBAs are the Alliance for Zero Extinction sites (AZEs), those holding the last remaining populations of Critically Endangered or Endangered species. Some 600 AZEs have been identified worldwide, of which more than half are also IBAs.

Relationship between current protected area network and IBAs in Bolivia Coverage of Important Bird Areas by protected areas 50

% protected

40

Mean % area protected % sites completely protected

30 20 10 0 1950

1960

1970

1980 Year

1990

2000

2010

Source: Butchart et al. (in prep.).

Source: www.birdlife.org/sowb

5

See www.zeroextinction.org

Image: Lesser Flamingos (James Warwick)

... are also being identified across the oceans

6

AZE sites

IBAs

Many seabird breeding sites and significant coastal areas for non-breeding species are already listed as IBAs. Their boundaries are now being extended to include foraging areas, where appropriate. Work is ongoing to identify IBAs (as Ecologically and Biologically Significant Areas—EBSAs) in the open oceans.

KBAs

A network of IBAs identified around the Iberian Peninsula and in Macaronesia

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

... form networks in the wider landscape

The WOW Critical Site Network Tool displaying the network of IBAs identified for Black-tailed Godwit and the flyways of the four relevant populations See www.wingsoverwetlands.org/csntool

Many birds depend on networks of IBAs. Migrants in particular need sites along their flyways to support all stages of their annual cycles. International collaboration, as in the Wings Over Wetlands (WOW) programme for African-Eurasian migratory waterbirds, is vital to achieve this.

The percentage of Ugandan butterfly species represented in Ugandan IBAs in each of six conservation priority categories

% of Ugandan species

7

... support a wealth of other biodiversity

IBA / KBA / AZE relationships

Wherever possible IBA identification and documentation are led by the BirdLife Partner organisation in-country. This feeds the best local knowledge into the process and builds engagement and capacity for conservation and monitoring.

By mid-2010, five continental directories and 126 national IBA inventories had been published, in a variety of languages.

Bicoloured Antvireo

Number of publications

...

2

Mean

Image: Rhinocerus Hornbill (Dr Chan Ah Lak)

Important Bird Areas

The world’s 10,000 IBAs and their protection status by region

... are documented through a bottom-up process

Sources: Ramírez et al. (2008) Áreas Importantes para as Aves Marinhas em Portugal. Lisboa: Sociedade Portuguesa Para o Estudo das Aves. Lisboa. Arcos et al. (2009) Áreas Importantes para la Conservación de las Aves marinas en España. Madrid: Sociedad Española de Ornitología (SEO/BirdLife).

Two recently published marine IBA inventories can be accessed here: Portugal http://lifeibasmarinhas.spea.pt/y-book/ibasmarinhas, Spain www.seo.org/avesmarinas/flash.html#/1

1

2

3

4

Conservation priority score

5

6 Source: www.birdlife.org/sowb

Management scenarios for African Important Bird Areas, based on the turnover of species projected under climate change

The Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (IBAT) provides decision-makers with critical information so that biodiversity considerations can be integrated at the earliest stages of project planning. Spatial information on IBAs is used by IBAT to help inform environmental impact assessments, management plans and business operations.

9

... facilitate implementation of international agreements

See www.ibatforbusiness.org

Examples of ecosystem services

Image: Garth Lenz/BirdLife

Water

Harvested goods

Designed by Justine Pocock/NatureBureau

... enable adaptation to climate change Robust measures are needed to maintain biodiversity in the face of climate change. These include efforts to maximise the resilience of ecosystems and facilitate their adaptation to climate change impacts. Modelling such impacts is providing critical insight into likely patterns of enforced changes on the distribution of birds, and so helping to develop adaptive management frameworks for IBAs.

2006

Pressure 2

Greater threats

s

c

3

1 0

2002

2004

2006

a

2000

M 1

More action

e

Response

0 1998

10.000 sites à sauver

2000

2002 Year

2004

2006

Source: Mwangi et al. (2010) Bird Conserv. Internat. 20: 215-230

IBAs across the world are monitored using BirdLife’s standardised and simple methods for scoring their condition (based on the key species and habitats within them), the pressures (threats) that impact them and the conservation responses in place (such as action plans and management activities). Such monitoring, carried out by local groups, volunteers, government staff and BirdLife Partners, generates data for IBA indices that provide powerful tools for quantifying conservation efforts and measuring their impact.

14

10,000 個需要拯救的地方

13

40

20

0

198 LCGs at 119 IBAs in Africa in 2009

Financial services

2004

1230 Number of IBAs in Africa

Harvesting of resources

2002

60

Education and awareness creation

2000

... are monitored to inform policy and action

Some key facts about African LCGs

80

Alternative livelihood improvement activities

Better condition

e

0

o

1

r

2

Activities undertaken by African LCGs

Conservation action

Protected Areas Unprotected Areas

State

Image: BirdLife International

Image: Flickr/guilherme_florian

100

Conservation planning

3

2

10,000 sites to save

Carbon

Tourism

Image: Flickr/number657

3

www.birdlife.org

Colours represent different scenarios, with associated management recommendations:

Source: Hole et al. (in prep.).

n

15

11

High persistence Increasing specialisation High turnover Increasing value Increasing diversification

Important Bird Area indices for Kenya, showing trends in the state of IBAs, pressures upon them, and responses in place

… are being saved through the conservation efforts of BirdLife working with governments and others worldwide

... provide essential ecosystem services

IBA conservation maintains biodiversity and ensures sustained flow of numerous ecosystem services to local communities (e.g. harvested wild goods), regionally or nationally (e.g. water) and globally (e.g. carbon sequestration, tourism).

Home page of the Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool

IBA information is relevant to a number of Multilateral Environmental Agreements. For the Ramsar Convention, IBA identification criteria are closely aligned with those used to select wetland sites of international importance. Thus, IBAs that potentially qualify as Ramsar sites, but have yet to be designated, can easily be highlighted.

Source: BirdLife International (2005) Important Bird Areas and potential Ramsar sites in Asia. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International

10

Research and monitoring

8

... inform environmentally responsible development

Number of LCGs

The IBAs in the Asia region that contain areas which qualify as potential Ramsar sites

See www.africa-climate-exchange.org

58% of LCGs legally registered

200 Highest number of members in a single LCG 29 Highest number of LCGs in one country 18 Most LCGs associated with one IBA 8 Highest number of IBAs covered with one LCG Source: BirdLife International

Understanding the consequences of poverty is essential in identifying how biodiversity conservation can improve local livelihoods. BirdLife Partners work with and empower local communities at IBAs to develop site-specific solutions to conservation and development challenges.

The range of benefits that communities obtain from IBAs Source: www.birdlife.org/sowb

Natmataung National Park, Myanmar

... are a focus for local engagement in conservation Since the late 1990s, BirdLife has been nurturing and networking grassroots groups at IBAs. Numbering over 2,500 worldwide and known as Local Conservation Groups (LCGs), they encourage local participation in conservation and often focus on the most marginalised community members (for example, by formalising land rights for indigenous people, and ensuring that women or members of low status groups are included in decision-making).

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12

... are vital for livelihoods and wellbeing

Non-timber forest products (including food & medicines) Meat / fish Grazing / browse Live animals / pet trade Firewood / charcoal Timber Water provison Employment / tourism Ceremony / religion Shelter

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Palas Valley, Pakistan

Montecristo & El Imposible National Parks, El Salvador

Mt Afadjato-Agumatsa, Ghana Upper Bay of Panama, Panama

Bajo Rio Beni, Bolivia

Kibira National Park, Burundi

San Rafael National Park, Paraguay

Musambwa Islands, Lake Victoria, Uganda Dar es Salaam coast, Tanzania

Truong Son, Vietnam Palbong Sablayan, Occidental Mindoro, Philippines Sekong River, Cambodia

Eastern Highlands, Zimbabwe

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